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Leucht S, Chaimani A, Krause M, Schneider-Thoma J, Wang D, Dong S, Samara M, Peter N, Huhn M, Priller J, Davis JM. The response of subgroups of patients with schizophrenia to different antipsychotic drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 2022; 9:884-893. [PMID: 36228647 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(22)00304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As comparatively few trials in subgroups of patients with schizophrenia have been done, clinicians need to know whether they can rely on the results of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in the general population of patients with schizophrenia. We aimed to compare the efficacy and side-effects of antipsychotic drugs in different subgroups. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched reference lists of previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses, the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Study-Based Register (from database inception to April 27, 2020), and PubMed (from April 1, 2020 to June 14, 2021). We excluded studies in patients with stable schizophrenia (ie, relapse prevention studies), studies with a high risk of bias, and studies from mainland China due to quality concerns concerning allocation and masking methods. We included single-blind RCTs or better that assessed one or more of 16 second-generation and 18 first-generation antipsychotics in the general population of patients with schizophrenia or in one or more of the subgroups: children and adolescents (age range as defined in the original studies), patients with a first episode, patients with predominant or prominent negative symptoms, patients with comorbid substance use, patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia, or older patients (age range as defined in the original studies). Two authors independently screened the results of the search, retrieved full-text articles, and checked the inclusion criteria. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guideline, all parameters were extracted in duplicate. The primary outcome was change in overall symptoms. We compared drug efficacy between subgroups, by sex, schizoaffective disorder versus schizophrenia, and study origin using random-effects, inverse variance meta-analyses and random-effects subgroup tests, and meta-regression. FINDINGS We included 537 RCTs with 76 382 participants, 26 627 (34·9%) women, 49 755 (65·1%) men, mean age 37·3 years (range of means 7·9-80·2; ethnicity data not available). 412 RCTs included patients in the general population of patients with schizophrenia, 42 included patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia, 25 included children and adolescents, 20 included patients with their first episode, 20 included patients with predominant or prominent negative symptoms, 13 included patients with comorbid substance use, and 11 included older patients. Of 507 random-effects subgroup tests done, 46 (9%) showed a significant difference (p<0·05) between subgroups, but there was no clear indication as to which drug should be used in which subgroup. INTERPRETATION The effects of antipsychotics in various patient subgroups were usually similar to those in the general population of patients with schizophrenia, but comparably few studies contributed to the subgroups, in particular in terms of side-effects. If the evidence for treatment in a given subgroup is small, guideline makers and clinicians should consider using the results in the much better studied group of the general population of patients with schizophrenia. FUNDING German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; FKZ 01KG1508).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Leucht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Department of Psychosis Studies, and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
| | - Anna Chaimani
- Université Paris Cité, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS-U1153), INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Marc Krause
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Schneider-Thoma
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Shimeng Dong
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Myrto Samara
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
| | - Natalie Peter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Huhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Klinikum Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - John M Davis
- Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
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Nelson EA, Kraguljac NV, Maximo JO, Armstrong W, Lahti AC. Dorsal striatial hypoconnectivity predicts antipsychotic medication treatment response in first-episode psychosis and unmedicated patients with schizophrenia. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2625. [PMID: 36237115 PMCID: PMC9660417 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The dorsal striatum, comprised of the caudate and putamen, is implicated in the pathophysiology of psychosis spectrum disorders. Given the high concentration of dopamine receptors in the striatum, striatal dopamine imbalance is a likely cause in cortico-striatal dysconnectivity. There is great interest in understanding the relationship between striatal abnormalities in psychosis and antipsychotic treatment response, but few studies have considered differential involvement of the caudate and putamen. This study's goals were twofold. First, identify patterns of dorsal striatal dysconnectivity for the caudate and putamen separately in patients with a psychosis spectrum disorder; second, determine if these dysconnectivity patterns were predictive of treatment response. METHODS Using resting state functional connectivity, we evaluated dorsal striatal connectivity using separate bilateral caudate and putamen seed regions in two cohorts of subjects: a cohort of 71 medication-naïve first episode psychosis patients and a cohort of 42 unmedicated patients with schizophrenia (along with matched controls). Patient and control connectivity maps were contrasted for each cohort. After receiving 6 weeks of risperidone treatment, patients' clinical response was calculated. We used regression analyses to determine the relationship between baseline dysconnectivity and treatment response. RESULTS This dysconnectivity was also predictive of treatment response in both cohorts. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that the caudate may be more of a driving factor than the putamen in early cortico-striatal dysconnectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nina V Kraguljac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jose O Maximo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - William Armstrong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Adrienne C Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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153
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Remiszewski N, Bryant JE, Rutherford SE, Marquand AF, Nelson E, Askar I, Lahti AC, Kraguljac NV. Contrasting Case-Control and Normative Reference Approaches to Capture Clinically Relevant Structural Brain Abnormalities in Patients With First-Episode Psychosis Who Are Antipsychotic Naive. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:1133-1138. [PMID: 36169987 PMCID: PMC9520436 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance To make progress toward precision psychiatry, it is crucial to move beyond case-control studies and instead capture individual variations and interpret them in the context of a normal range of biological systems. Objective To evaluate whether baseline deviations from a normative reference range in subcortical volumes are better predictors of antipsychotic treatment response than raw volumes in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) who were naive to antipsychotic medication. Design, Setting, and Participants In this prospective longitudinal study, patients with first-episode psychosis who were referred from different clinical settings (emergency department, inpatient units, and outpatient clinics) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham were included. A total of 286 patients were screened, 114 consented, 104 enrolled in the treatment trial, and 85 completed the trial. Patients were observed for 16 weeks. Controls were matched by age and sex. Data were collected between June 2016 and July 2021, and data were analyzed from August 2021 to June 2022. Interventions Risperidone on a flexible dosing scheme for 16 weeks. There was an option to switch to aripiprazole for excessive adverse effects. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome of this study was to evaluate, in patients with FEP who were naive to antipsychotic medication, the association of baseline raw volumes and volume deviations in subcortical brain regions with response to antipsychotic medication. Raw brain volumes or volume deviation changes after treatment were not examined. Results Of 190 included participants, 111 (58.4%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 23.7 (5.5) years. Volumes and deviations were quantified in 98 patients with FEP, and data from 92 controls were used as comparison for case-control contrasts and reference curve calibration. In case-control contrasts, patients with FEP had lower raw thalamus (P = .002; F = 9.63; df = 1), hippocampus (P = .009; F = 17.23; df = 1), amygdala (P = .01; F = 6.55; df = 1), ventral diencephalon (P = .03; F = 4.84; df = 1), and brainstem volumes (P = .004; F = 8.39; df = 1). Of 98 patients, 36 patients with FEP (36%) displayed extreme deviations. Associations with treatment response significantly differed between raw volume and deviation measures in the caudate (z = -2.17; P = .03) and putamen (z = -2.15; P = .03). Conclusions and Relevance These data suggest that normative modeling allows capture of interindividual heterogeneity of regional brain volumes in patients with FEP and characterize structural pathology in a clinically relevant fashion. This holds promise for progress in precision medicine in psychiatry, where group-level studies have failed to derive reliable maps of structural pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Remiszewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - James Edward Bryant
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Saige E. Rutherford
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Andre F. Marquand
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Ibrahim Askar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Adrienne Carol Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Nina Vanessa Kraguljac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Janz P, Bainier M, Marashli S, Schoenenberger P, Valencia M, Redondo RL. Neurexin1α knockout rats display oscillatory abnormalities and sensory processing deficits back-translating key endophenotypes of psychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:455. [PMID: 36307390 PMCID: PMC9616904 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurexins are presynaptic transmembrane proteins crucial for synapse development and organization. Deletion and missense mutations in all three Neurexin genes have been identified in psychiatric disorders, with mutations in the NRXN1 gene most strongly linked to schizophrenia (SZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While the consequences of NRXN1 deletion have been extensively studied on the synaptic and behavioral levels, circuit endophenotypes that translate to the human condition have not been characterized yet. Therefore, we investigated the electrophysiology of cortico-striatal-thalamic circuits in Nrxn1α-/- rats and wildtype littermates focusing on a set of translational readouts, including spontaneous oscillatory activity, auditory-evoked oscillations and potentials, as well as mismatch negativity-like (MMN) responses and responses to social stimuli. On the behavioral level Nrxn1α-/- rats showed locomotor hyperactivity. In vivo freely moving electrophysiology revealed pronounced increases of spontaneous oscillatory power within the gamma band in all studied brain areas and elevation of gamma coherence in cortico-striatal and thalamocortical circuits of Nrxn1α-/- rats. In contrast, auditory-evoked oscillations driven by chirp-modulated tones showed reduced power in cortical areas confined to slower oscillations. Finally, Nrxn1α-/- rats exhibited altered auditory evoked-potentials and profound deficits in MMN-like responses, explained by reduced prediction error. Despite deficits for auditory stimuli, responses to social stimuli appeared intact. A central hypothesis for psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders is that a disbalance of excitation-to-inhibition is underlying oscillatory and sensory deficits. In a first attempt to explore the impact of inhibitory circuit modulation, we assessed the effects of enhancing tonic inhibition via δ-containing GABAA receptors (using Gaboxadol) on endophenotypes possibly associated with network hyperexcitability. Pharmacological experiments applying Gaboxadol showed genotype-specific differences, but failed to normalize oscillatory or sensory processing abnormalities. In conclusion, our study revealed endophenotypes in Nrxn1α-/- rats that could be used as translational biomarkers for drug development in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Janz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marie Bainier
- grid.417570.00000 0004 0374 1269Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Marashli
- grid.417570.00000 0004 0374 1269Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schoenenberger
- grid.417570.00000 0004 0374 1269Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Valencia
- grid.5924.a0000000419370271Universidad de Navarra, CIMA, Program of Neuroscience, 31080 Pamplona, Spain ,grid.508840.10000 0004 7662 6114IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31080 Pamplona, Spain ,grid.5924.a0000000419370271Institute of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Roger L. Redondo
- grid.417570.00000 0004 0374 1269Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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van den Hurk M, Lau S, Marchetto MC, Mertens J, Stern S, Corti O, Brice A, Winner B, Winkler J, Gage FH, Bardy C. Druggable transcriptomic pathways revealed in Parkinson's patient-derived midbrain neurons. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:134. [PMID: 36258029 PMCID: PMC9579158 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex genetic predispositions accelerate the chronic degeneration of midbrain substantia nigra neurons in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Deciphering the human molecular makeup of PD pathophysiology can guide the discovery of therapeutics to slow the disease progression. However, insights from human postmortem brain studies only portray the latter stages of PD, and there is a lack of data surrounding molecular events preceding the neuronal loss in patients. We address this gap by identifying the gene dysregulation of live midbrain neurons reprogrammed in vitro from the skin cells of 42 individuals, including sporadic and familial PD patients and matched healthy controls. To minimize bias resulting from neuronal reprogramming and RNA-seq methods, we developed an analysis pipeline integrating PD transcriptomes from different RNA-seq datasets (unsorted and sorted bulk vs. single-cell and Patch-seq) and reprogramming strategies (induced pluripotency vs. direct conversion). This PD cohort’s transcriptome is enriched for human genes associated with known clinical phenotypes of PD, regulation of locomotion, bradykinesia and rigidity. Dysregulated gene expression emerges strongest in pathways underlying synaptic transmission, metabolism, intracellular trafficking, neural morphogenesis and cellular stress/immune responses. We confirmed a synaptic impairment with patch-clamping and identified pesticides and endoplasmic reticulum stressors as the most significant gene-chemical interactions in PD. Subsequently, we associated the PD transcriptomic profile with candidate pharmaceuticals in a large database and a registry of current clinical trials. This study highlights human transcriptomic pathways that can be targeted therapeutically before the irreversible neuronal loss. Furthermore, it demonstrates the preclinical relevance of unbiased large transcriptomic assays of reprogrammed patient neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark van den Hurk
- grid.430453.50000 0004 0565 2606South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Shong Lau
- grid.250671.70000 0001 0662 7144Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Maria C. Marchetto
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Anthropology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Jerome Mertens
- grid.250671.70000 0001 0662 7144Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.5771.40000 0001 2151 8122Neural Aging Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology, CMBI, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol Austria
| | - Shani Stern
- grid.250671.70000 0001 0662 7144Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.18098.380000 0004 1937 0562Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Olga Corti
- grid.425274.20000 0004 0620 5939Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, DMU BioGeM, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- grid.425274.20000 0004 0620 5939Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, DMU BioGeM, Paris, France
| | - Beate Winner
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany ,grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Center of Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany ,grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany ,grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Center of Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany ,grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fred H. Gage
- grid.250671.70000 0001 0662 7144Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Cedric Bardy
- grid.430453.50000 0004 0565 2606South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA Australia
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Menon V, Palaniyappan L, Supekar K. Integrative Brain Network and Salience Models of Psychopathology and Cognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2022:S0006-3223(22)01637-7. [PMID: 36702660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Brain network models of cognitive control are central to advancing our understanding of psychopathology and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. This review examines the role of large-scale brain organization in schizophrenia, with a particular focus on a triple-network model of cognitive control and its role in aberrant salience processing. First, we provide an overview of the triple network involving the salience, frontoparietal, and default mode networks and highlight the central role of the insula-anchored salience network in the aberrant mapping of salient external and internal events in schizophrenia. We summarize the extensive evidence that has emerged from structural, neurochemical, and functional brain imaging studies for aberrancies in these networks and their dynamic temporal interactions in schizophrenia. Next, we consider the hypothesis that atypical striatal dopamine release results in misattribution of salience to irrelevant external stimuli and self-referential mental events. We propose an integrated triple-network salience-based model incorporating striatal dysfunction and sensitivity to perceptual and cognitive prediction errors in the insula node of the salience network and postulate that dysregulated dopamine modulation of salience network-centered processes contributes to the core clinical phenotype of schizophrenia. Thus, a powerful paradigm to characterize the neurobiology of schizophrenia emerges when we combine conceptual models of salience with large-scale cognitive control networks in a unified manner. We conclude by discussing potential therapeutic leads on restoring brain network dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Department of Psychiatry and Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kaustubh Supekar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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157
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Comparative study of the pencil-and-paper and digital formats of the Spanish DARS scale. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2022; 34:253-259. [PMID: 34939915 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2021.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (DARS) is a novel questionnaire to assess anhedonia of recent validation. In this work, we aim to study the equivalence between the traditional paper-and-pencil and the digital format of DARS. Sixty-nine patients filled the DARS in a paper-based and digital versions. We assessed differences between formats (Wilcoxon test), validity of the scales [Kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs)], and reliability (Cronbach's alpha and Guttman's coefficient). We calculated the comparative fit index and the root mean squared error (RMSE) associated with the proposed one-factor structure. Total scores were higher for paper-based format. Significant differences between both formats were found for three items. The weighted Kappa coefficient was approximately 0.40 for most of the items. Internal consistency was greater than 0.94, and the ICC for the digital version was 0.95 and 0.94 for the paper-and-pencil version (F = 16.7, p < 0.001). Comparative Adjustment Index was 0.97 for the digital DARS and 0.97 for the paper-and-pencil DARS, and RMSE was 0.11 for the digital DARS and 0.10 for the paper-and-pencil DARS. We concluded that the digital DARS is consistent in many respects with the paper-and-pencil questionnaire, but equivalence with this format cannot be assumed without caution.
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158
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Salehi A, Namaei P, TaghaviZanjani F, Bagheri S, Moradi K, Khodaei Ardakani MR, Akhondzadeh S. Adjuvant palmitoylethanolamide therapy with risperidone improves negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Psychiatry Res 2022; 316:114737. [PMID: 35917650 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary negative symptoms of schizophrenia are usually resistant to monotherapy with antipsychotics. The present study sought to assess the efficacy and tolerability of Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) adjunctive therapy in treatment of negative symptoms in patients with stable schizophrenia. METHODS This 8-week (trial timepoints: baseline, week 4, week 8), double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial randomized patients with schizophrenia in a 1:1 ratio to compare the efficacy and safety of 600 mg twice a day of PEA and matched placebo alongside a stable dose of risperidone. Outcome measures were the positive and the negative syndrome scale (PANSS), the extrapyramidal symptom rating scale (ESRS), and the Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS). The primary outcome was change in the negative subscale score during the trial period between the groups. Safety of interventions were controlled and addressed during the trial. RESULTS A total of 50 participants completed the trial (25 in each group). Baseline characteristics of the groups were comparable (p>0.05). There was significant effect from time-treatment interaction on negative symptoms (p = 0.012) suggesting greater symptom improvement in the PEA group. In contrast, the longitudinal changes in positive symptoms and depressive symptoms were similar between groups (p values>0.05). Safety assessments showed no significant difference regarding extrapyramidal symptoms, measured by ESRS, and also frequency of other complications between PEA and placebo groups (p values>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive therapy with PEA and risperidone alleviates schizophrenia-related primary negative symptoms in a safe manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Salehi
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parsa Namaei
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme TaghaviZanjani
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayna Bagheri
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Moradi
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shahin Akhondzadeh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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159
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Demographics, clinical characteristics and cognitive symptoms of heavy smokers and non-heavy smokers in Chinese male patients with chronic schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:1325-1333. [PMID: 35474549 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have shown a high smoking rate and cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia. The effects of smoking and nicotine intake on cognitive function in schizophrenia are still controversial. In this study, we divided patients into heavy smoking and non-heavy smoking groups and compared the clinical characteristics and cognitive symptoms between the two groups in Chinese male patients with schizophrenia. A total of 154 heavy smoking patients and 372 non-heavy smoking patients were recruited. They completed a detailed questionnaire including general and socio-demographic data. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was rated for psychopathology. The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was used to assess the degree of nicotine dependence. Heavy smokers were younger, started smoking earlier and had a higher FTND total score than non-heavy smoking patients. Moreover, we found that heavy smokers had significantly lower negative symptom scores and cognitive factor scores than non-heavy smokers. Logistic regression analysis showed that cognitive factor score and age of initial smoking were significantly associated with heavy smoking. Linear regression analysis showed that cognitive factor score, age of initial smoking and dose of antipsychotics were significant predictors of the amount of smoking. Our findings suggest that there are significant differences in some demographic and clinical variables between heavy and non-heavy smokers in Chinese male patients with chronic schizophrenia. Moreover, heavy smokers have less cognitive symptoms, suggesting that heavy smoking may be beneficial for cognition of patients with schizophrenia.
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Fry BR, Roberts D, Thakkar KN, Johnson AW. Variables influencing conditioning-evoked hallucinations: overview and future applications. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2937-2949. [PMID: 36138518 PMCID: PMC9693682 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hallucinations occur in the absence of sensory stimulation and result in vivid perceptual experiences of nonexistent events that manifest across a range of sensory modalities. Approaches from the field of experimental and cognitive psychology have leveraged the idea that associative learning experiences can evoke conditioning-induced hallucinations in both animals and humans. In this review, we describe classical and contemporary findings and highlight the variables eliciting these experiences. We also provide an overview of the neurobiological mechanisms, along with the associative and computational factors that may explain hallucinations that are generated by representation-mediated conditioning phenomena. Through the integration of animal and human research, significant advances into the psychobiology of hallucinations are possible, which may ultimately translate to more effective clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R. Fry
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Dominic Roberts
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Katharine N. Thakkar
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alexander W. Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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161
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Chen KC, Yang YK, Howes OD, Lee IH, Yeh TL, Chiu NT, Chen PS, David AS, Bramon E. Striatal dopamine D 2/3 receptors in medication-naïve schizophrenia: an [ 123I] IBZM SPECT study. Psychol Med 2022; 52:3251-3259. [PMID: 33682657 PMCID: PMC9693693 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720005413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hyper-function of the striatal dopamine system has been suggested to underlie key pathophysiological mechanisms in schizophrenia. Moreover, patients have been observed to present a significant elevation of dopamine receptor availability compared to healthy controls. Although it is difficult to measure dopamine levels directly in humans, neurochemical imaging techniques such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) provide indirect indices of in vivo dopamine synthesis and release, and putative synaptic levels. METHODS We focused on the role of dopamine postsynaptic regulation using [123I] iodobenzamide (IBZM) SPECT. We compared D2/3 receptor availability between 53 healthy controls and 21 medication-naive patients with recent-onset schizophrenia. RESULT The mean specific striatal binding showed no significant difference between patients and controls (estimated difference = 0.001; 95% CI -0.11 to 0.11; F = 0.00, df = 1, 69; p = 0.99). There was a highly significant effect of age whereby IBZM binding declined with advancing age [estimated change per decade of age = -0.01(binding ratio); 95% CI -0.01 to -0.004; F = 11.5, df = 1, 69; p = 0.001]. No significant correlations were found between the mean specific striatal binding and psychopathological or cognitive rating scores. CONCLUSIONS Medication-naïve patients with recent-onset schizophrenia have similar D2/3 receptor availability to healthy controls. We suggest that, rather than focusing exclusively on postsynaptic receptors, future treatments should target the presynaptic control of dopamine synthesis and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kao Chin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Oliver D. Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - I Hui Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzung Lieh Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nan Tsing Chiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Anthony S. David
- Institute of Mental Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elvira Bramon
- Mental Health Neurosciences Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
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162
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Zhao W, Zhang Q, Su Y, Chen X, Li X, Du B, Deng X, Ji F, Li J, Dong Q, Chen C, Li J. Effect of schizophrenia risk gene polymorphisms on cognitive and neural plasticity. Schizophr Res 2022; 248:173-179. [PMID: 36075127 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A recent Chinese genome-wide association study found evidence for 58 out of the 128 schizophrenia-associated variants previously discovered in Western samples by the Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC). However, the functional impact of these trans-ancestry genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is not clear. In the current study, we examined the roles of trans-ancestry SNPs in cognitive and neural plasticity. We first performed a behavioral study of 547 healthy volunteers, who received month-long working memory training, and working memory capability assessment both before and after the training. A separate sample of 101 subjects received the same training and received fMRI scans during a working memory task, both before and after the training. The behavioral study found a significant association between the polygenic risk score (PRS) and behavioral plasticity, with higher schizophrenia risk scores being linked to less plasticity. At the SNP level, rs36068923 showed a significant signal, with the risk allele being associated with less plasticity. The fMRI study further found that the PRS and rs36068923 polymorphism were associated with training-induced changes in striatal activation, with higher PRS and the risk allele of rs36068923 being linked to less brain plasticity. In sum, this study found that a high genetic risk for schizophrenia was associated with less plasticity at both behavioral and neural levels. These results provide new insights into the neural and cognitive mechanisms linking genes to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhao
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qiumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China; School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272013, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yanyan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xiongying Chen
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, School of Mental Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, School of Mental Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, PR China
| | - Boqi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Feng Ji
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272013, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jin Li
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 East Zhongguancun Road, Beijing 100190, PR China; National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 East Zhongguancun Road, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
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163
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Vinogradov S, Hamid AA, Redish AD. Etiopathogenic Models of Psychosis Spectrum Illnesses Must Resolve Four Key Features. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:514-522. [PMID: 35931575 PMCID: PMC9809152 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Etiopathogenic models for psychosis spectrum illnesses are converging on a number of key processes, such as the influence of specific genes on the synthesis of proteins important in synaptic functioning, alterations in how neurons respond to synaptic inputs and engage in synaptic pruning, and microcircuit dysfunction that leads to more global cortical information processing vulnerabilities. Disruptions in prefrontal operations then accumulate and propagate over time, interacting with environmental factors, developmental processes, and homeostatic mechanisms, eventually resulting in symptoms of psychosis and disability. However, there are 4 key features of psychosis spectrum illnesses that are of primary clinical relevance but have been difficult to assimilate into a single model and have thus far received little direct attention: 1) the bidirectionality of the causal influences for the emergence of psychosis, 2) the catastrophic clinical threshold seen in first episodes of psychosis and why it is irreversible in some individuals, 3) observed biotypes that are neurophysiologically distinct but clinically both convergent and divergent, and 4) a reconciliation of the role of striatal dopaminergic dysfunction with models of prefrontal cortical state instability. In this selective review, we briefly describe these 4 hallmark features and we argue that theoretically driven computational perspectives making use of both algorithmic and neurophysiologic models are needed to reduce this complexity and variability of psychosis spectrum illnesses in a principled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Vinogradov
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Arif A Hamid
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - A David Redish
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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164
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El Hayek SA, Shatila MA, Adnan JA, Geagea LE, Kobeissy F, Talih FR. Is there a therapeutic potential in combining bupropion and naltrexone in schizophrenia? Expert Rev Neurother 2022; 22:737-749. [PMID: 36093756 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2022.2124369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A sustained-release tablet composed of a combination of the dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor bupropion (BUP) and the µ-opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (NAT) is marketed under the brand name Contrave by Orexigen Therapeutics for appetite control. Minimal literature is available regarding the use of combination bupropion and naltrexone (BUPNAT) in individuals with schizophrenia. AREAS COVERED In this review, we propose a theoretical model where BUPNAT may have a therapeutic effect in the treatment of schizophrenia. We explore the pathways targeted by the constituent drugs BUP and NAT and summarize the literature on their efficacy and possible adverse effects. We then look at the potential use of BUPNAT in schizophrenia. EXPERT OPINION Research has hinted that BUP's dopaminergic properties affect the same striatal pathways involved in schizophrenia. NAT, via opioid receptor antagonism, indirectly increases striatal dopamine release by disinhibiting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. As such, we hypothesize that BUPNAT can have a therapeutic effect in schizophrenia, particularly on negative symptoms. We also suggest that it may ameliorate comorbidities frequently seen in this group of patients, including obesity, smoking, and substance use. Further research and clinical data are needed to elucidate the potential clinical benefits of BUPNAT in the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer A. El Hayek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Malek A. Shatila
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jana A. Adnan
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Luna E. Geagea
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Farid R. Talih
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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165
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Microglia involvement in sex-dependent behaviors and schizophrenia occurrence in offspring with maternal dexamethasone exposure. SCHIZOPHRENIA 2022; 8:71. [PMID: 36075925 PMCID: PMC9458670 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fetal microglia that are particularly sensitive cells to the changes in utero environment might be involved in the sex-biased onset and vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. To address this issue, we administered a 50 µg/kg dexamethasone (DEX) to dams subcutaneously from gestational days 16 to 18 and a series of behavioral assessments were performed in the offspring. Prenatal exposure to dexamethasone (PN-DEX) induced schizophrenia (SCZ)-relevant behaviors in male mice and depressive-like behavior in female mice. SCZ-relevant behavioral patterns occurred in 10-week-old (10 W) male mice but not in 4-week-old (4 W) male mice. Microglia in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the striatum (STR) of 10 W males prenatally treated with dexamethasone (10 W PN-DEX-M) showed hyper-ramified morphology and dramatically reduced spine density in mPFC. Immunofluorescence studies indicated that microglia in the mPFC of the 10 W PN-DEX-M group interacted with pre-synaptic Bassoon and post-synaptic density 95 (PSD95) puncta. PN-DEX-M also showed significantly changed dopamine system proteins. However, a testosterone surge during adolescence was not a trigger on SCZ-relevant behavior occurrence in 10 W PN-DEX-M. Furthermore, females prenatally treated with dexamethasone (PN-DEX-F) displayed depressive-like behavior, in addition to HPA-axis activation and inflammatory microglial phenotypes in their hippocampus (HPC). We propose that altered microglial function, such as increased synaptic pruning, may be involved in the occurrence of SCZ-relevant behavior in PN-DEX-M and sex-biased abnormal behavior in the PN-DEX model.
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166
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Relevance of interactions between dopamine and glutamate neurotransmission in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3583-3591. [PMID: 35681081 PMCID: PMC9712151 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01649-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) and glutamate neurotransmission are strongly implicated in schizophrenia pathophysiology. While most studies focus on contributions of neurons that release only DA or glutamate, neither DA nor glutamate models alone recapitulate the full spectrum of schizophrenia pathophysiology. Similarly, therapeutic strategies limited to either system cannot effectively treat all three major symptom domains of schizophrenia: positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Increasing evidence suggests extensive interactions between the DA and glutamate systems and more effective treatments may therefore require the targeting of both DA and glutamate signaling. This offers the possibility that disrupting DA-glutamate circuitry between these two systems, particularly in the striatum and forebrain, culminate in schizophrenia pathophysiology. Yet, the mechanisms behind these interactions and their contributions to schizophrenia remain unclear. In addition to circuit- or system-level interactions between neurons that solely release either DA or glutamate, here we posit that functional alterations involving a subpopulation of neurons that co-release both DA and glutamate provide a novel point of integration between DA and glutamate systems, offering a key missing link in our understanding of schizophrenia pathophysiology. Better understanding of mechanisms underlying DA/glutamate co-release from these neurons may therefore shed new light on schizophrenia pathophysiology and lead to more effective therapeutics.
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167
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Angelescu I, Kaar SJ, Marques TR, Borgan F, Veronesse M, Sharman A, Sajjala A, Deakin B, Hutchison J, Large C, Howes OD. The effect of AUT00206, a Kv3 potassium channel modulator, on dopamine synthesis capacity and the reliability of [ 18F]-FDOPA imaging in schizophrenia. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 36:1061-1069. [PMID: 36164687 PMCID: PMC9554157 DOI: 10.1177/02698811221122031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatments for schizophrenia act directly on dopamine (DA) receptors but are ineffective for many patients, highlighting the need to develop new treatment approaches. Striatal DA dysfunction, indexed using [18F]-FDOPA imaging, is linked to the pathoetiology of schizophrenia. We evaluated the effect of a novel drug, AUT00206, a Kv3.1/3.2 potassium channel modulator, on dopaminergic function in schizophrenia and its relationship with symptom change. Additionally, we investigated the test-retest reliability of [18F]-FDOPA PET in schizophrenia to determine its potential as a biomarker for drug discovery. METHODS Twenty patients with schizophrenia received symptom measures and [18F]-FDOPA PET scans, before and after being randomised to AUT00206 or placebo groups for up to 28 days treatment. RESULTS AUT00206 had no significant effect on DA synthesis capacity. However, there was a correlation between reduction in striatal dopamine synthesis capacity (indexed as Kicer) and reduction in symptoms, in the AUT00206 group (r = 0.58, p = 0.03). This was not observed in the placebo group (r = -0.15, p = 0.75), although the placebo group may have been underpowered to detect an effect. The intraclass correlation coefficients of [18F]-FDOPA indices in the placebo group ranged from 0.83 to 0.93 across striatal regions. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between reduction in DA synthesis capacity and improvement in symptoms in the AUT00206 group provides evidence for a pharmacodynamic effect of the Kv3 channel modulator. The lack of a significant overall reduction in DA synthesis capacity in the AUT00206 group could be due to variability and the low number of subjects in this study. These findings support further investigation of Kv3 channel modulators for schizophrenia treatment. [18F]-FDOPA PET imaging showed very good test-retest reliability in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilinca Angelescu
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Stephen J Kaar
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Faith Borgan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mattia Veronesse
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alice Sharman
- Autifony Therapeutics Limited, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, UK
| | - Anil Sajjala
- Autifony Therapeutics Limited, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, UK
| | - Bill Deakin
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John Hutchison
- Autifony Therapeutics Limited, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, UK
| | - Charles Large
- Autifony Therapeutics Limited, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, UK
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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168
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Beck K, Arumuham A, Brugger S, McCutcheon RA, Veronese M, Santangelo B, McGinnity CJ, Dunn J, Kaar S, Singh N, Pillinger T, Borgan F, Sementa T, Neji R, Jauhar S, Aigbirhio F, Boros I, Turkheimer F, Hammers A, Lythgoe D, Stone J, Howes OD. The association between N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor availability and glutamate levels: A multi-modal PET-MR brain imaging study in first-episode psychosis and healthy controls. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 36:1051-1060. [PMID: 36120998 DOI: 10.1177/02698811221099643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from post-mortem studies and in vivo imaging studies suggests there may be reduced N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) levels in the hippocampus in patients with schizophrenia. Other studies have reported increased glutamate in striatum in schizophrenia patients. It has been hypothesised that NMDAR hypofunction leads to the disinhibition of glutamatergic signalling; however, this has not been tested in vivo. METHODS In this study, we investigated the relationship between hippocampal NMDAR and striatal glutamate using simultaneous positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance (PET-MR) imaging. We recruited 40 volunteers to this cross-sectional study; 21 patients with schizophrenia, all in their first episode of illness, and 19 healthy controls. We measured hippocampal NMDAR availability using the PET ligand [18F]GE179. This was indexed relative to whole brain as the distribution volume ratio (DVR). Striatal glutamatergic indices (glutamate and Glx) were acquired simultaneously, using combined PET-MR proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). RESULTS A total of 33 individuals (15 healthy controls, 18 patients) were included in the analyses (mean (SD) age of controls, 27.31 (4.68) years; mean (SD) age of patients, 24.75 (4.33), 27 male and 6 female). We found an inverse relationship between hippocampal DVR and striatal glutamate levels in people with first-episode psychosis (rho = -0.74, p < 0.001) but not in healthy controls (rho = -0.22, p = 0.44). CONCLUSION This study show that lower relative NMDAR availability in the hippocampus may drive increased striatal glutamate levels in patients with schizophrenia. Further work is required to determine whether these findings may yield new targets for drug development in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Beck
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Atheeshaan Arumuham
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Brugger
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Robert A McCutcheon
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Barbara Santangelo
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Colm J McGinnity
- King's College London & Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joel Dunn
- King's College London & Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Kaar
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nisha Singh
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Toby Pillinger
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Faith Borgan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Teresa Sementa
- King's College London & Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Radhouene Neji
- King's College London & Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- MR Research Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Limited, Frimley, UK
| | - Sameer Jauhar
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Franklin Aigbirhio
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Istvan Boros
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Federico Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Hammers
- King's College London & Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David Lythgoe
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James Stone
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Eastbourne District General Hospital, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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169
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Biernat L, Grattan VT, Hixon MS, Prensky Z, Vaino AR. A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, phase 1 study of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of LB-102, a selective dopamine D 2/3/5-HT 7 inhibitor. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3009-3018. [PMID: 35841422 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
LB-102 is an N-methylated analogue of amisulpride under development to treat schizophrenia. LB-102 was evaluated in a Phase 1, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical study to evaluate safety and pharmacokinetics. This was a first-in-human study examining single and multiple doses of LB-102 administered orally in 64 healthy volunteers. Dosing in the single ascending dose (SAD) portion of the study was initially planned to be 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg, with doses in the multiple ascending dose (MAD) portion to be determined based on observations in the SAD portion. As a result of two cases of EPS (acute dystonia) at 200 mg in the MAD portion of the study, dosing of that arm was discontinued and doses for the remaining cohort were decreased to 150 mg/day. Dose escalation was guided by safety and plasma concentrations of LB-102 compared to a translational model. LB-102 was generally safe and well-tolerated, and clinical lab values were unremarkable at all doses, save for prolactin which was transiently elevated in the majority of subjects treated with LB-102; there were no clinical observations associated with the increases in prolactin elevation. There was evidence of transient QT interval prolongation at the 200 mg dose, none of which resulted in clinical observation or triggered stopping criteria. There were four instances of EPS (acute dystonia), typically associated with dopamine receptor occupancy in excess of 80%, one at 100 mg QD, one at 75 mg BID, and two at 100 mg BID. A phase 2 clinical study of LB-102 in schizophrenia patients with PANSS as primary endpoint is being planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Biernat
- Medpace Clinical Pharmacology LLC, 5355 Medpace Way, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Eli Lilly and Co, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Vincent T Grattan
- LB Pharmaceuticals Inc, 575 Madison Ave., 10th flr, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark S Hixon
- Mark S. Hixon Consulting LLC, 11273 Spitfire Road, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zachary Prensky
- LB Pharmaceuticals Inc, 575 Madison Ave., 10th flr, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew R Vaino
- LB Pharmaceuticals Inc, 575 Madison Ave., 10th flr, New York, NY, USA.
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170
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Uliana DL, Zhu X, Gomes FV, Grace AA. Using animal models for the studies of schizophrenia and depression: The value of translational models for treatment and prevention. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:935320. [PMID: 36090659 PMCID: PMC9449416 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.935320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of psychiatric disorders have been highly effective in advancing the field, identifying circuits related to pathophysiology, and identifying novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we show how animal models, particularly those based on development, have provided essential information regarding circuits involved in disorders, disease progression, and novel targets for intervention and potentially prevention. Nonetheless, in recent years there has been a pushback, largely driven by the US National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), to shift away from animal models and instead focus on circuits in normal subjects. This has been driven primarily from a lack of discovery of new effective therapeutic targets, and the failure of targets based on preclinical research to show efficacy. We discuss why animal models of complex disorders, when strongly cross-validated by clinical research, are essential to understand disease etiology as well as pathophysiology, and direct new drug discovery. Issues related to shortcomings in clinical trial design that confound translation from animal models as well as the failure to take patient pharmacological history into account are proposed to be a source of the failure of what are likely effective compounds from showing promise in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela L. Uliana
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Xiyu Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Felipe V. Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Anthony A. Grace
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Anthony A. Grace,
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171
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Goh KK, Chen CH, Wu TH, Chiu YH, Lu ML. Efficacy and safety of intermittent theta-burst stimulation in patients with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of randomized sham-controlled trials. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:944437. [PMID: 36071833 PMCID: PMC9441632 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.944437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Theta-burst stimulation is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that was introduced as a potential augmentation treatment for patients with schizophrenia. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of intermittent theta-burst stimulation in patients with schizophrenia. Following the PRISMA guidelines, the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and CNKI databases were searched for relevant studies from database inception to 9 January 2022. Change in symptom severity among patients with schizophrenia was the primary outcome, and changes in cognitive function and safety profiles, including the discontinuation rate and adverse events, were secondary outcomes. In total, 13 double-blind randomized sham-controlled trials with 524 patients were included. Intermittent theta-burst stimulation adjunct to antipsychotics was associated with significantly improved psychopathology in patients with schizophrenia, particularly for negative symptoms and general psychopathology but not for positive symptoms or cognitive function. The stimulation parameters influenced the effectiveness of intermittent theta-burst stimulation. A more favorable effect was observed in patients who received theta-burst stimulation at the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, with ≥1800 pulses per day, for ≥20 sessions, and using an inactive sham coil as a placebo comparison in the study. The intermittent theta-burst stimulation is well tolerated and safe in patients with schizophrenia. Intermittent theta-burst stimulation adjunct to antipsychotics treatment is associated with significant improvement in negative symptoms and favorable tolerability in patients with schizophrenia. This meta-analysis may provide insights into the use of intermittent theta-burst stimulation as an additional treatment to alleviate the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Kheng Goh
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Psychiatric Research Centre, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Psychiatric Research Centre, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hua Wu
- Psychiatric Research Centre, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hang Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Psychiatric Research Centre, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Liang Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Psychiatric Research Centre, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Mong-Liang Lu,
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172
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Zhao F, Cheng Z, Piao J, Cui R, Li B. Dopamine Receptors: Is It Possible to Become a Therapeutic Target for Depression? Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:947785. [PMID: 36059987 PMCID: PMC9428607 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.947785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine and its receptors are currently recognized targets for the treatment of several neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, some drug use addictions, as well as depression. Dopamine receptors are widely distributed in various regions of the brain, but their role and exact contribution to neuropsychiatric diseases has not yet been thoroughly studied. Based on the types of dopamine receptors and their distribution in different brain regions, this paper reviews the current research status of the molecular, cellular and circuit mechanisms of dopamine and its receptors involved in depression. Multiple lines of investigation of these mechanisms provide a new future direction for understanding the etiology and treatment of depression and potential new targets for antidepressant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, China
| | - Ziqian Cheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, China
| | - Jingjing Piao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Bingjin Li,
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173
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Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Conformationally Restricted N-arylpiperazine Derivatives Characterized as D 2/D 3 Receptor Ligands, Candidates for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081112. [PMID: 36009006 PMCID: PMC9405847 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most neurodegenerative diseases are multifactorial, and the discovery of several molecular mechanisms related to their pathogenesis is constantly advancing. Dopamine and dopaminergic receptor subtypes are involved in the pathophysiology of several neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression and drug addiction. For this reason, the dopaminergic system and dopamine receptor ligands play a key role in the treatment of such disorders. In this context, a novel series of conformationally restricted N-arylpiperazine derivatives (5a–f) with a good affinity for D2/D3 dopamine receptors is reported herein. Compounds were designed as interphenylene analogs of the drugs aripiprazole (2) and cariprazine (3), presenting a 1,3-benzodioxolyl subunit as a ligand of the secondary binding site of these receptors. The six new N-arylpiperazine compounds were synthesized in good yields by using classical methodologies, and binding and guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-shift studies were performed. Affinity values below 1 μM for both target receptors and distinct profiles of intrinsic efficacy were found. Docking studies revealed that Compounds 5a–f present a different binding mode with dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, mainly as a consequence of the conformational restriction imposed on the flexible spacer groups of 2 and 3.
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174
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Rogeau A, Nordio G, Veronese M, Brown K, Nour MM, Osugo M, Jauhar S, Howes OD, McCutcheon RA. The relationship between glutamate, dopamine, and cortical gray matter: A simultaneous PET-MR study. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3493-3500. [PMID: 35546633 PMCID: PMC9708555 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Prefrontal cortex has been shown to regulate striatal dopaminergic function via glutamatergic mechanisms in preclinical studies. Concurrent disruption of these systems is also often seen in neuropsychiatric disease. The simultaneous measurement of striatal dopamine signaling, cortical gray matter, and glutamate levels is therefore of major interest, but has not been previously reported. In the current study, twenty-eight healthy subjects underwent 2 simultaneous [11C]-( + )-PHNO PET-MRI scans, once after placebo and once after amphetamine in a double-blind randomized cross-over design, to measure striatal dopamine release, striatal dopamine receptor (D2/3R) availability, anterior cingulate glutamate+glutamine (Glx) levels, and cortical gray matter volumes at the same time. Voxel-based morphometry was used to investigate associations between neurochemical measures and gray matter volumes. Whole striatum D2/3R availability was positively associated with prefrontal cortex gray matter volume (pFWE corrected = 0.048). This relationship was mainly driven by associative receptor availability (pFWE corrected = 0.023). In addition, an interaction effect was observed between sensorimotor striatum D2/3R availability and anterior cingulate Glx, such that in individuals with greater anterior cingulate Glx concentrations, D2/3R availability was negatively associated with right frontal cortex gray matter volumes, while a positive D2/3R-gray matter association was observed in individuals with lower anterior cingulate Glx levels (pFWE corrected = 0.047). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the prefrontal cortex is involved in regulation of striatal dopamine function. Furthermore, the observed associations raise the possibility that this regulation may be modulated by anterior cingulate glutamate concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Rogeau
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Lille University Hospitals, Lille, France
| | - Giovanna Nordio
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Kirsten Brown
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew M Nour
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Osugo
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sameer Jauhar
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robert A McCutcheon
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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175
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Blazer A, Chengappa KNR, Foran W, Parr AC, Kahn CE, Luna B, Sarpal DK. Changes in corticostriatal connectivity and striatal tissue iron associated with efficacy of clozapine for treatment‑resistant schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2503-2514. [PMID: 35435461 PMCID: PMC9013738 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Though numerous studies demonstrate the superiority of clozapine (CLZ) for treatment of persistent psychotic symptoms that are characteristic of treatment-refractory schizophrenia (TRS), what remains unknown are the neural and molecular mechanisms underlying CLZ's efficacy. Recent work implicates increased corticostriatal functional connectivity as a marker of response to non-CLZ, dopamine (DA) D2-receptor blocking antipsychotic drugs. However, it is undetermined whether this connectivity finding also relates to CLZ's unique efficacy, or if response to CLZ is associated with changes in striatal DA functioning. OBJECTIVE In a cohort of 22 individuals with TRS, we examined response to CLZ in relation to the following: (1) change in corticostriatal functional connectivity; and (2) change in a magnetic resonance-based measure of striatal tissue iron (R2'), which demonstrates utility as a proxy measure for elements of DA functioning. METHODS Participants underwent scanning while starting CLZ and after 12 weeks of CLZ treatment. We used both cortical and striatal regions of interest to examine changes in corticostriatal interactions and striatal R2' in relation to CLZ response (% reduction of psychotic symptoms). RESULTS We first found that response to CLZ was associated with an increase in corticostriatal connectivity between the dorsal caudate and regions of the frontoparietal network (P < 0.05, corrected). Secondly, we observed no significant changes in striatal R2' across CLZ treatment. CONCLUSION Overall, these results indicate that changes in corticostriatal networks without gross shifts in striatal DA functioning underlies CLZ response. Our results provide novel mechanistic insight into response to CLZ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Blazer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - K N Roy Chengappa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ashley C Parr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Charles E Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deepak K Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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176
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Yoo T, Joshi S, Prajapati S, Cho YS, Kim J, Park PH, Bae YC, Kim E, Kim SY. A Deficiency of the Psychiatric Risk Gene DLG2/PSD-93 Causes Excitatory Synaptic Deficits in the Dorsolateral Striatum. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:938590. [PMID: 35966008 PMCID: PMC9370999 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.938590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations resulting in the loss of function of the discs large homologs (DLG2)/postsynaptic density protein-93 (PSD-93) gene have been implicated in the increased risk for schizophrenia, intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Previously, we have reported that mice lacking exon 14 of the Dlg2 gene (Dlg2–/– mice) display autistic-like behaviors, including social deficits and increased repetitive behaviors, as well as suppressed spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents in the striatum. However, the neural substrate underpinning such aberrant synaptic network activity remains unclear. Here, we found that the corticostriatal synaptic transmission was significantly impaired in Dlg2–/– mice, which did not seem attributed to defects in presynaptic releases of cortical neurons, but to the reduced number of functional synapses in the striatum, as manifested in the suppressed frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents in spiny projection neurons (SPNs). Using transmission electron microscopy, we found that both the density of postsynaptic densities and the fraction of perforated synapses were significantly decreased in the Dlg2–/– dorsolateral striatum. The density of dendritic spines was significantly reduced in striatal SPNs, but notably, not in the cortical pyramidal neurons of Dlg2–/– mice. Furthermore, a DLG2/PSD-93 deficiency resulted in the compensatory increases of DLG4/PSD-95 and decreases in the expression of TrkA in the striatum, but not particularly in the cortex. These results suggest that striatal dysfunction might play a role in the pathology of psychiatric disorders that are associated with a disruption of the Dlg2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesun Yoo
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Shambhu Joshi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | | | - Yi Sul Cho
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jinkyeong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Soo Young Kim,
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177
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Garcia-Partida JA, Torres-Sanchez S, MacDowell K, Fernández-Ponce MT, Casas L, Mantell C, Soto-Montenegro ML, Romero-Miguel D, Lamanna-Rama N, Leza JC, Desco M, Berrocoso E. The effects of mango leaf extract during adolescence and adulthood in a rat model of schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:886514. [PMID: 35959428 PMCID: PMC9360613 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.886514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that in schizophrenia, imbalances in inflammatory and oxidative processes occur during pregnancy and in the early postnatal period, generating interest in the potential therapeutic efficacy of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds. Mangiferin is a polyphenolic compound abundant in the leaves of Mangifera indica L. that has robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a potential candidate for preventive or co-adjuvant therapy in schizophrenia. Hence, this study set-out to evaluate the effect of mango leaf extract (MLE) in a model of schizophrenia based on maternal immune activation, in which Poly I:C (4 mg/kg) is administered intravenously to pregnant rats. Young adult (postnatal day 60–70) or adolescent (postnatal day 35–49) male offspring received MLE (50 mg/kg of mangiferin) daily, and the effects of MLE in adolescence were compared to those of risperidone, assessing behavior, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and oxidative/inflammatory and antioxidant mediators in the adult offspring. MLE treatment in adulthood reversed the deficit in prepulse inhibition (PPI) but it failed to attenuate the sensitivity to amphetamine and the deficit in novel object recognition (NOR) induced. By contrast, adolescent MLE treatment prevented the sensorimotor gating deficit in the PPI test, producing an effect similar to that of risperidone. This MLE treatment also produced a reduction in grooming behavior, but it had no effect on anxiety or novel object recognition memory. MRI studies revealed that adolescent MLE administration partially counteracted the cortical shrinkage, and cerebellum and ventricle enlargement. In addition, MLE administration in adolescence reduced iNOS mediated inflammatory activation and it promoted the expression of biomarkers of compensatory antioxidant activity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, as witnessed through the reduction of Keap1 and the accumulation of NRF2 and HO1. Together, these findings suggest that MLE might be an alternative therapeutic or preventive add-on strategy to improve the clinical expression of schizophrenia in adulthood, while also modifying the time course of this disease at earlier stages in populations at high-risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio Garcia-Partida
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Sonia Torres-Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Psychobiology Area, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Ciber of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karina MacDowell
- Ciber of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Institute of Research in Neurochemistry IUIN-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lourdes Casas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Science Faculty, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Casimiro Mantell
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Science Faculty, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - María Luisa Soto-Montenegro
- Ciber of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Romero-Miguel
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Lamanna-Rama
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Leza
- Ciber of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Institute of Research in Neurochemistry IUIN-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Ciber of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Berrocoso
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Psychobiology Area, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Ciber of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Esther Berrocoso,
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178
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Drori E, Berman S, Mezer AA. Mapping microstructural gradients of the human striatum in normal aging and Parkinson's disease. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm1971. [PMID: 35857492 PMCID: PMC9286505 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mapping structural spatial change (i.e., gradients) in the striatum is essential for understanding the function of the basal ganglia in both health and disease. We developed a method to identify and quantify gradients of microstructure in the single human brain in vivo. We found spatial gradients in the putamen and caudate nucleus of the striatum that were robust across individuals, clinical conditions, and datasets. By exploiting multiparametric quantitative MRI, we found distinct, spatially dependent, aging-related alterations in water content and iron concentration. Furthermore, we found cortico-striatal microstructural covariation, showing relations between striatal structural gradients and cortical hierarchy. In Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, we found abnormal gradients in the putamen, revealing changes in the posterior putamen that explain patients' dopaminergic loss and motor dysfunction. Our work provides a noninvasive approach for studying the spatially varying, structure-function relationship in the striatum in vivo, in normal aging and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elior Drori
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shai Berman
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aviv A Mezer
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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179
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Xu Y, Zhong L, Wei H, Li Y, Xie J, Xie L, Chen X, Guo X, Yin P, Li S, Zeng J, Li XJ, Lin L. Brain Region- and Age-Dependent 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Activity in the Non-Human Primate. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:934224. [PMID: 35912074 PMCID: PMC9326314 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.934224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the difficulty in collecting fresh brains of humans at different ages, it remains unknown how epigenetic regulation occurs in the primate brains during aging. In the present study, we examined the genomic distribution of 5hmC, an indicator of DNA methylation, in the brain regions of non-human primates (rhesus monkey) at the ages of 2 (juvenile), 8 (young adult), and 17 (old) years. We found that genomic 5hmC distribution was accumulated in the monkey brain as age increased and displayed unique patterns in the cerebellum and striatum in an age-dependent manner. We also observed a correlation between differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DhMRs) and genes that contribute to brain region-related functions and diseases. Our studies revealed, for the first time, the brain-region and age-dependent 5hmC modifications in the non-human primate and the association of these 5hmC modifications with brain region-specific function and potentially aging-related brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liying Zhong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huixian Wei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxiang Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leijie Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiusheng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Lin
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180
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Shin S, Jung WH, McCutcheon R, Veronese M, Beck K, Lee JS, Lee YS, Howes OD, Kim E, Kwon JS. The Relationship Between Frontostriatal Connectivity and Striatal Dopamine Function in Schizophrenia: An 18F-DOPA PET and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study in Treatment Responsive and Resistant Patients. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:570-579. [PMID: 35903059 PMCID: PMC9334810 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Striatal dopamine dysfunction caused by cortical abnormalities is a leading hypothesis of schizophrenia. Although prefrontal cortical pathology is negatively correlated with striatal dopamine synthesis, the relationship between structural frontostriatal connectivity and striatal dopamine synthesis has not been proved in patients with schizophrenia with different treatment response. We therefore investigated the relationship between frontostriatal connectivity and striatal dopamine synthesis in treatment-responsive schizophrenia (non-TRS) and compared them to treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) and healthy controls (HC). METHODS Twenty-four patients with schizophrenia and twelve HC underwent [18F] DOPA PET scans to measure dopamine synthesis capacity (the influx rate constant Kicer) and diffusion 3T MRI to measure structural connectivity (fractional anisotropy, FA). Connectivity was assessed in 2 major frontostriatal tracts. Associations between Kicer and FA in each group were evaluated using Spearman's rho correlation coefficients. RESULTS Non-TRS showed a negative correlation (r=-0.629, p=0.028) between connectivity of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-associative striatum (DLPFC-AST) and dopamine synthesis capacity of associative striatum but this was not evident in TRS (r=-0.07, p=0.829) and HC (r=-0.277, p=0.384). CONCLUSION Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis of dysregulation of the striatal dopaminergic system being related to prefrontal cortex pathology localized to connectivity of DLPFC-AST in non-TRS, and also extend the hypothesis to suggest that different mechanisms underlie the pathophysiology of non-TRS and TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangho Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wi Hoon Jung
- Department of Psychology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert McCutcheon
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Psychiatric Imaging, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Beck
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Psychiatric Imaging, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Euitae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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181
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Iftimovici A, Chaumette B, Duchesnay E, Krebs MO. Brain anomalies in early psychosis: From secondary to primary psychosis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 138:104716. [PMID: 35661683 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Brain anomalies are frequently found in early psychoses. Although they may remain undetected for many years, their interpretation is critical for differential diagnosis. In secondary psychoses, their identification may allow specific management. They may also shed light on various pathophysiological aspects of primary psychoses. Here we reviewed cases of secondary psychoses associated with brain anomalies, reported over a 20-year period in adolescents and young adults aged 13-30 years old. We considered age at first psychotic symptoms, relevant medical history, the nature of psychiatric symptoms, clinical red flags, the nature of the brain anomaly reported, and the underlying disease. We discuss the relevance of each brain area in light of normal brain function, recent case-control studies, and postulated pathophysiology. We show that anomalies in all regions, whether diffuse, multifocal, or highly localized, may lead to psychosis, without necessarily being associated with non-psychiatric symptoms. This underlines the interest of neuroimaging in the initial workup, and supports the hypothesis of psychosis as a global network dysfunction that involves many different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Iftimovici
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, GDR 3557-Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France; NeuroSpin, Atomic Energy Commission, Gif-sur Yvette, France; GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France.
| | - Boris Chaumette
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, GDR 3557-Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France; GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie-Odile Krebs
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, GDR 3557-Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France; GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
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182
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Wong SMY, Suen YN, Wong CWC, Chan SKW, Hui CLM, Chang WC, Lee EHM, Cheng CPW, Ho GCL, Lo GG, Leung EYL, Yeung PKMA, Chen S, Honer WG, Mak HKF, Sham PC, McKenna PJ, Pomarol-Clotet E, Veronese M, Howes OD, Chen EYH. Striatal dopamine synthesis capacity and its association with negative symptoms upon resolution of positive symptoms in first-episode schizophrenia and delusional disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2133-2141. [PMID: 35211769 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE How striatal dopamine synthesis capacity (DSC) contributes to the pathogenesis of negative symptoms in first-episode schizophrenia (SZ) and delusional disorder (DD) has seldom been explored. As negative symptoms during active psychotic episodes can be complicated by secondary influences, such as positive symptoms, longitudinal investigations may help to clarify the relationship between striatal DSC and negative symptoms and differentiate between primary and secondary negative symptoms. OBJECTIVE A longitudinal study was conducted to examine whether baseline striatal DSC would be related to negative symptoms at 3 months in first-episode SZ and DD patients. METHODS Twenty-three first-episode age- and gender-matched patients (11 DD and 12 SZ) were consecutively recruited through an early intervention service for psychosis in Hong Kong. Among them, 19 (82.6%) patients (9 DD and 10 SZ) were followed up at 3 months. All patients received an 18F-DOPA PET/MR scan at baseline. RESULTS Baseline striatal DSC (Kocc;30-60) was inversely associated with negative symptoms at 3 months in first-episode SZ patients (rs = - 0.80, p = 0.010). This association remained in SZ patients even when controlling for baseline negative, positive, and depressive symptoms, as well as cumulative antipsychotic dosage (β = - 0.69, p = 0.012). Such associations were not observed in first-episode DD patients. Meanwhile, the severity of negative symptoms at 3 months was associated with more positive symptoms in DD patients (rs = 0.74, p = 0.010) and not in SZ patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the role of striatal DSC in negative symptoms upon resolution of active psychotic episodes among first-episode SZ patients. Baseline striatal dopamine activity may inform future symptom expression with important treatment implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Y Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y N Suen
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charlotte W C Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sherry K W Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christy L M Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - W C Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edwin H M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Calvin P W Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Garrett C L Ho
- Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gladys Goh Lo
- Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric Y L Leung
- Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul K M Au Yeung
- Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sirong Chen
- Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Institute of Mental Health and Substance Use Services, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Henry K F Mak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - P C Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter J McKenna
- FIDMAG Hermanas Hospitalarias Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Eric Y H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F New Clinical Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China. .,The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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183
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Luessen DJ, Conn PJ. Allosteric Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors as Novel Therapeutics for Neuropsychiatric Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:630-661. [PMID: 35710132 PMCID: PMC9553119 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, a family of G-protein-coupled receptors, have been identified as novel therapeutic targets based on extensive research supporting their diverse contributions to cell signaling and physiology throughout the nervous system and important roles in regulating complex behaviors, such as cognition, reward, and movement. Thus, targeting mGlu receptors may be a promising strategy for the treatment of several brain disorders. Ongoing advances in the discovery of subtype-selective allosteric modulators for mGlu receptors has provided an unprecedented opportunity for highly specific modulation of signaling by individual mGlu receptor subtypes in the brain by targeting sites distinct from orthosteric or endogenous ligand binding sites on mGlu receptors. These pharmacological agents provide the unparalleled opportunity to selectively regulate neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, and subsequent behavioral output pertinent to many brain disorders. Here, we review preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the utility of mGlu receptor allosteric modulators as novel therapeutic approaches to treat neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and stress-related disorders.
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184
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Onitsuka T, Hirano Y, Nakazawa T, Ichihashi K, Miura K, Inada K, Mitoma R, Yasui-Furukori N, Hashimoto R. Toward recovery in schizophrenia: Current concepts, findings, and future research directions. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 76:282-291. [PMID: 35235256 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia was initially defined as "dementia praecox" by E. Kraepelin, which implies progressive deterioration. However, recent studies have revealed that early effective intervention may lead to social and functional recovery in schizophrenia. In this review, we provide an overview of current concepts in schizophrenia and pathophysiological hypotheses. In addition, we present recent findings from clinical and basic research on schizophrenia. Recent neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies have consistently revealed specific biological differences in the structure and function of the brain in those with schizophrenia. From a basic research perspective, to determine the essential pathophysiology underlying schizophrenia, it is crucial that findings from all lines of inquiry-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural cells from patients, murine models expressing genetic mutations identified in patients, and patient clinical data-be integrated to contextualize the analysis results. However, the findings remain insufficient to serve as a diagnostic tool or a biomarker for predicting schizophrenia-related outcomes. Collaborations to conduct clinical research based on the patients' and their families' values are just beginning, and further development is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Onitsuka
- Department of Neuroimaging Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayo Ichihashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Inada
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Mitoma
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norio Yasui-Furukori
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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185
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Carnac T. Schizophrenia Hypothesis: Autonomic Nervous System Dysregulation of Fetal and Adult Immune Tolerance. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:844383. [PMID: 35844244 PMCID: PMC9283579 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.844383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system can control immune cell activation via both sympathetic adrenergic and parasympathetic cholinergic nerve release of norepinephrine and acetylcholine. The hypothesis put forward in this paper suggests that autonomic nervous system dysfunction leads to dysregulation of immune tolerance mechanisms in brain-resident and peripheral immune cells leading to excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α). Inactivation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK3β) is a process that takes place in macrophages and microglia when a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand binds to the TLR4 receptor. When Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPS) and Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPS) bind to TLR4s, the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) pathway should be activated, leading to inactivation of GSK3β. This switches the macrophage from producing pro-inflammatory cytokines to anti-inflammatory cytokines. Acetylcholine activation of the α7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) on the cell surface of immune cells leads to PI3K/Akt pathway activation and can control immune cell polarization. Dysregulation of this pathway due to dysfunction of the prenatal autonomic nervous system could lead to impaired fetal immune tolerance mechanisms and a greater vulnerability to Maternal Immune Activation (MIA) resulting in neurodevelopmental abnormalities. It could also lead to the adult schizophrenia patient’s immune system being more vulnerable to chronic stress-induced DAMP release. If a schizophrenia patient experiences chronic stress, an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α could cause significant damage. TNF-α could increase the permeability of the intestinal and blood brain barrier, resulting in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNF-α translocation to the brain and consequent increases in glutamate release. MIA has been found to reduce Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase mRNA expression, resulting in reduced Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis, which combined with an increase of glutamate release could result in an imbalance of glutamate and GABA neurotransmitters. Schizophrenia could be a “two-hit” illness comprised of a genetic “hit” of autonomic nervous system dysfunction and an environmental hit of MIA. This combination of factors could lead to neurotransmitter imbalance and the development of psychotic symptoms.
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186
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Hancock F, Cabral J, Luppi AI, Rosas FE, Mediano PAM, Dipasquale O, Turkheimer FE. Metastability, fractal scaling, and synergistic information processing: what phase relationships reveal about intrinsic brain activity. Neuroimage 2022; 259:119433. [PMID: 35781077 PMCID: PMC9339663 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatiotemporal patterns of phase-locking tend to be time-invariant. Global metastability is representative and stable in a cohort of heathy young adults. dFC characteristics are in general unique to any fMRI acquisition. Dynamical and informational complexity are interrelated. Complexity science contributes to a coherent description of brain dynamics.
Dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) in resting-state fMRI holds promise to deliver candidate biomarkers for clinical applications. However, the reliability and interpretability of dFC metrics remain contested. Despite a myriad of methodologies and resulting measures, few studies have combined metrics derived from different conceptualizations of brain functioning within the same analysis - perhaps missing an opportunity for improved interpretability. Using a complexity-science approach, we assessed the reliability and interrelationships of a battery of phase-based dFC metrics including tools originating from dynamical systems, stochastic processes, and information dynamics approaches. Our analysis revealed novel relationships between these metrics, which allowed us to build a predictive model for integrated information using metrics from dynamical systems and information theory. Furthermore, global metastability - a metric reflecting simultaneous tendencies for coupling and decoupling - was found to be the most representative and stable metric in brain parcellations that included cerebellar regions. Additionally, spatiotemporal patterns of phase-locking were found to change in a slow, non-random, continuous manner over time. Taken together, our findings show that the majority of characteristics of resting-state fMRI dynamics reflect an interrelated dynamical and informational complexity profile, which is unique to each acquisition. This finding challenges the interpretation of results from cross-sectional designs for brain neuromarker discovery, suggesting that individual life-trajectories may be more informative than sample means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fran Hancock
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Joana Cabral
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Portugal
| | - Andrea I Luppi
- Division of Anaesthesia, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge; Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence, University of Cambridge; Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Fernando E Rosas
- Centre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Science, Imperial College London, London SW7 2DD; Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ; Centre for Complexity Science, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ
| | - Pedro A M Mediano
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB; Department of Psychology, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS
| | - Ottavia Dipasquale
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Federico E Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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187
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Gao Z, Wu G, Song Y, Li H, Zhang Y, Schneider MJ, Qiang Y, Kaszas J, Weng Z, Sun H, Huey BD, Lai RY, Zhang Y. Multiplexed Monitoring of Neurochemicals via Electrografting-Enabled Site-Selective Functionalization of Aptamers on Field-Effect Transistors. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8605-8617. [PMID: 35678711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neurochemical corelease has received much attention in understanding brain activity and cognition. Despite many attempts, the multiplexed monitoring of coreleased neurochemicals with spatiotemporal precision and minimal crosstalk using existing methods remains challenging. Here, we report a soft neural probe for multiplexed neurochemical monitoring via the electrografting-assisted site-selective functionalization of aptamers on graphene field-effect transistors (G-FETs). The neural probes possess excellent flexibility, ultralight mass (28 mg), and a nearly cellular-scale dimension of 50 μm × 50 μm for each G-FET. As a demonstration, we show that G-FETs with electrochemically grafted molecular linkers (-COOH or -NH2) and specific aptamers can be used to monitor serotonin and dopamine with high sensitivity (limit of detection: 10 pM) and selectivity (dopamine sensor >22-fold over norepinephrine; serotonin sensor >17-fold over dopamine). In addition, we demonstrate the feasibility of the simultaneous monitoring of dopamine and serotonin in a single neural probe with minimal crosstalk and interferences in phosphate-buffered saline, artificial cerebrospinal fluid, and harvested mouse brain tissues. The stability studies show that multiplexed neural probes maintain the capability for simultaneously monitoring dopamine and serotonin with minimal crosstalk after incubating in rat cerebrospinal fluid for 96 h, although a reduced sensor response at high concentrations is observed. Ex vivo studies in harvested mice brains suggest potential applications in monitoring the evoked release of dopamine and serotonin. The developed multiplexed detection methodology can also be adapted for monitoring other neurochemicals, such as metabolites and neuropeptides, by simply replacing the aptamers functionalized on the G-FETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Guangfu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Huijie Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Michael J Schneider
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Yingqi Qiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Jackson Kaszas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Zhengyan Weng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - He Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Bryan D Huey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Rebecca Y Lai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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188
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Lei D, Qin K, Pinaya WHL, Young J, Van Amelsvoort T, Marcelis M, Donohoe G, Mothersill DO, Corvin A, Vieira S, Lui S, Scarpazza C, Arango C, Bullmore E, Gong Q, McGuire P, Mechelli A. Graph Convolutional Networks Reveal Network-Level Functional Dysconnectivity in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:881-892. [PMID: 35569019 PMCID: PMC9212102 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Schizophrenia is increasingly understood as a disorder of brain dysconnectivity. Recently, graph-based approaches such as graph convolutional network (GCN) have been leveraged to explore complex pairwise similarities in imaging features among brain regions, which can reveal abstract and complex relationships within brain networks. STUDY DESIGN We used GCN to investigate topological abnormalities of functional brain networks in schizophrenia. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 505 individuals with schizophrenia and 907 controls across 6 sites. Whole-brain functional connectivity matrix was extracted for each individual. We examined the performance of GCN relative to support vector machine (SVM), extracted the most salient regions contributing to both classification models, investigated the topological profiles of identified salient regions, and explored correlation between nodal topological properties of each salient region and severity of symptom. STUDY RESULTS GCN enabled nominally higher classification accuracy (85.8%) compared with SVM (80.9%). Based on the saliency map, the most discriminative brain regions were located in a distributed network including striatal areas (ie, putamen, pallidum, and caudate) and the amygdala. Significant differences in the nodal efficiency of bilateral putamen and pallidum between patients and controls and its correlations with negative symptoms were detected in post hoc analysis. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that GCN allows classification of schizophrenia at the individual level with high accuracy, indicating a promising direction for detection of individual patients with schizophrenia. Functional topological deficits of striatal areas may represent a focal neural deficit of negative symptomatology in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Walter H L Pinaya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Young
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Therese Van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Machteld Marcelis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Mental Health Care Institute Eindhoven (GGzE), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gary Donohoe
- School of Psychology & Center for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, NUI Galway University, Galway, Ireland
| | - David O Mothersill
- Psychology Department, School of Business, National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sandra Vieira
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cristina Scarpazza
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Celso Arango
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense Madrid, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ed Bullmore
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qiyong Gong
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China; tel: 86-18980601593, fax: 028-85423503,
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Mechelli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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189
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Prenatal hypoxia alters the early ontogeny of dopamine neurons. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:238. [PMID: 35672280 PMCID: PMC9174174 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic (DA) dysfunction is a significant feature in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Established developmental risk factors for schizophrenia such as maternal immune activation (MIA) or developmental vitamin D (DVD) deficiency, when modelled in animals, reveal the differentiation of early DA neurons in foetal brains is delayed suggesting this may be a convergent aetiological pathway. Here we have assessed the effects of prenatal hypoxia, another well-known developmental risk factor for schizophrenia, on developing DA systems. Pregnant mice were exposed to a hypoxic environment of 10% oxygen for 48 h from embryonic day 10 (E10) to E12. Embryonic brains were collected and the positioning of mesencephalic cells, expression of DA specification and maturation factors were examined along with the expression of factors that may govern the migration of these neurons. We show that prenatal hypoxia results in a decrease in dopaminergic progenitors retards early DA neuron lateral migration and reduces expression of the receptors known to govern this process. A second time-point, postnatal day 10 (P10) was also examined in order to assess whether prenatal hypoxia alters early presynaptic architecture in the developing striatum. We show reduced expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the postnatal striatum along with increases in the density of high-probability DA release sites within TH varicosities. These findings add to the emerging literature showing that multiple epidemiologically validated environmental risk factors for schizophrenia may induce early alterations to develop DA systems. This may represent a possible convergent mechanism in the onset of presynaptic DA dysfunction in patients.
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190
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Matsuzaka Y, Noguchi M, Kanamura S, Maeda K, Hisano T, Tanaka D, Ando Y, Yamamoto T, Morimoto Y, Ozawa H, Otsuka T. Combination therapy of modified electroconvulsive therapy and long-acting injectable aripiprazole for dopamine supersensitivity psychosis: a case report. Neurocase 2022; 28:310-313. [PMID: 35993136 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2022.2114838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
In the treatment of schizophrenia, long-term pharmacotherapy with D2-receptor antagonists can induce dopamine supersensitivity psychosis (DSP). We report a male patient with schizophrenia with suspected DSP due to excessive polypharmacy. He was hospitalized for several years. Most psychotropic drugs were reduced and subsequently stopped without the exacerbation of symptoms by administering modified electroconvulsive therapy (mECT). Aripiprazole was then selected as the main drug for treatment, which was subsequently changed to the long-acting injection formulation. He was eventually discharged and returned home. Combination therapy with mECT and aripiprazole, especially the long-acting injectable formulation, may help improve and prevent DSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuzaka
- Nagasaki Medical Center of Psychiatry, Omura, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | | | - Kengo Maeda
- Nagasaki Medical Center of Psychiatry, Omura, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Daizo Tanaka
- Nagasaki Medical Center of Psychiatry, Omura, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshiro Morimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ozawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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191
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Improvement of adjunctive berberine treatment on negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:633-642. [PMID: 35037116 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The upregulation of immune and inflammatory response may play a role in the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Berberine is an effective drug with anti-inflammatory property, and may be beneficial for the treatment of negative symptoms. The aim of this study is to test this hypothesis through a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Eligible patients with schizophrenia were randomized to receive placebo or berberine (900 mg/day) for 8 weeks as adjunctive treatment to single atypical antipsychotic drug. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate clinical symptoms at three time points (baseline, 4th and 8th week). Blood samples were collected at the above three time points to determine the concentrations of inflammatory markers including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP). 59 patients with intention-to-treat were analyzed, 32 in the berberine group and 27 in the placebo group. From the baseline to the 8th week, berberine treatment significantly improved the negative symptom subscale of PANSS (F = 18.981; p < 0.001). From the baseline to the 8th week, the plasma CRP concentration decreased in the berberine group, while increased in the placebo group (F = 5.373; p = 0.024). Furthermore, in the berberine group, the change of CRP concentration was significantly positively correlated with the change of PANSS negative symptom subscale within 8 weeks (r = 0.56; p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in adverse events between the two groups (p's > 0.05). Our study suggests that berberine treatment is well tolerated in patients with schizophrenia. Berberine may improve negative symptoms through anti-inflammatory effect.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03548155.
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192
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Białoń M, Wąsik A. Advantages and Limitations of Animal Schizophrenia Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115968. [PMID: 35682647 PMCID: PMC9181262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental illness modeling is still a major challenge for scientists. Animal models of schizophrenia are essential to gain a better understanding of the disease etiopathology and mechanism of action of currently used antipsychotic drugs and help in the search for new and more effective therapies. We can distinguish among pharmacological, genetic, and neurodevelopmental models offering various neuroanatomical disorders and a different spectrum of symptoms of schizophrenia. Modeling schizophrenia is based on inducing damage or changes in the activity of relevant regions in the rodent brain (mainly the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus). Such artificially induced dysfunctions approximately correspond to the lesions found in patients with schizophrenia. However, notably, animal models of mental illness have numerous limitations and never fully reflect the disease state observed in humans.
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193
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González-Rodríguez A, Seeman MV. Differences between delusional disorder and schizophrenia: A mini narrative review. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:683-692. [PMID: 35663297 PMCID: PMC9150033 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i5.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychotic syndromes are divided into affective and non-affective forms. Even among the non-affective forms, substantial differences exist. The aim of this relatively brief review is to synthesize what is known about the differences between two non-affective psychoses, schizophrenia and delusional disorder (DD), with respect to clinical, epidemiological, sociodemographic, and treatment response characteristics. A PubMed literature search revealed the following: in schizophrenia, hallucinations, negative symptoms and cognitive symptoms are prominent. They are rare in DD. Compared to schizophrenia patients, individuals with DD maintain relatively good function, and their delusions are believable; many are beliefs that are widely held in the general population. Treatments are generally similar in these two forms of psychosis, with the exception that antidepressants are used more frequently in DD and, for acute treatment, effective antipsychotic doses are lower in DD than in schizophrenia. It is with the hope that the contrasts between these two conditions will aid in the provision of safe and effective treatment for both that this review has been conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre González-Rodríguez
- Department of Mental Health, Mutua Terrassa University Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08280, Spain
| | - Mary V Seeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5P 3L6, Ontario, Canada
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194
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Saleem A, Qurat-ul-Ain, Akhtar MF. Alternative Therapy of Psychosis: Potential Phytochemicals and Drug Targets in the Management of Schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:895668. [PMID: 35656298 PMCID: PMC9152363 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.895668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental and behavioral disorder characterized by clusters of symptoms including hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thoughts and social withdrawal. It is mainly contributed by defects in dopamine, glutamate, cholinergic and serotonergic pathways, genetic and environmental factors, prenatal infections, oxidative stress, immune system activation and inflammation. Management of schizophrenia is usually carried out with typical and atypical antipsychotics, but it yields modest benefits with a diversity of side effects. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the phytochemicals as new drug candidates for treatment and management of schizophrenia. These phytochemicals alter and affect neurotransmission, cell signaling pathways, endocannabinoid receptors, neuro-inflammation, activation of immune system and status of oxidative stress. Phytochemicals exhibiting anti-schizophrenic activity are mostly flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, terpenes, polypropanoids, lactones and glycosides. However, well-designed clinical trials are consequently required to investigate potential protective effect and therapeutic benefits of these phytochemicals against schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Qurat-ul-Ain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
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195
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Singh SP, William M, Malavia M, Chu XP. Behavior of KCNQ Channels in Neural Plasticity and Motor Disorders. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050499. [PMID: 35629827 PMCID: PMC9143857 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The broad distribution of voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs) in the human body makes them a critical component for the study of physiological and pathological function. Within the KCNQ family of VGKCs, these aqueous conduits serve an array of critical roles in homeostasis, especially in neural tissue. Moreover, the greater emphasis on genomic identification in the past century has led to a growth in literature on the role of the ion channels in pathological disease as well. Despite this, there is a need to consolidate the updated findings regarding both the pharmacotherapeutic and pathological roles of KCNQ channels, especially regarding neural plasticity and motor disorders which have the largest body of literature on this channel. Specifically, KCNQ channels serve a remarkable role in modulating the synaptic efficiency required to create appropriate plasticity in the brain. This role can serve as a foundation for clinical approaches to chronic pain. Additionally, KCNQ channels in motor disorders have been utilized as a direction for contemporary pharmacotherapeutic developments due to the muscarinic properties of this channel. The aim of this study is to provide a contemporary review of the behavior of these channels in neural plasticity and motor disorders. Upon review, the behavior of these channels is largely dependent on the physiological role that KCNQ modulatory factors (i.e., pharmacotherapeutic options) serve in pathological diseases.
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196
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Grinevich VP, Zakirov AN, Berseneva UV, Gerasimova EV, Gainetdinov RR, Budygin EA. Applying a Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry to Explore Dopamine Dynamics in Animal Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091533. [PMID: 35563838 PMCID: PMC9100021 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in the development of technologies for the real-time monitoring of neurotransmitter dynamics has provided researchers with effective tools for the exploration of etiology and molecular mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders. One of these powerful tools is fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV), a technique which has progressively been used in animal models of diverse pathological conditions associated with alterations in dopamine transmission. Indeed, for several decades FSCV studies have provided substantial insights into our understanding of the role of abnormal dopaminergic transmission in pathogenetic mechanisms of drug and alcohol addiction, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, etc. Here we review the applications of FSCV to research neuropsychiatric disorders with particular attention to recent technological advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P. Grinevich
- Department of Neurobiology, Sirius University, 1 Olympic Ave., Sirius, Sochi 353340, Russia; (V.P.G.); (A.N.Z.); (U.V.B.); (E.V.G.); (R.R.G.)
| | - Amir N. Zakirov
- Department of Neurobiology, Sirius University, 1 Olympic Ave., Sirius, Sochi 353340, Russia; (V.P.G.); (A.N.Z.); (U.V.B.); (E.V.G.); (R.R.G.)
| | - Uliana V. Berseneva
- Department of Neurobiology, Sirius University, 1 Olympic Ave., Sirius, Sochi 353340, Russia; (V.P.G.); (A.N.Z.); (U.V.B.); (E.V.G.); (R.R.G.)
| | - Elena V. Gerasimova
- Department of Neurobiology, Sirius University, 1 Olympic Ave., Sirius, Sochi 353340, Russia; (V.P.G.); (A.N.Z.); (U.V.B.); (E.V.G.); (R.R.G.)
| | - Raul R. Gainetdinov
- Department of Neurobiology, Sirius University, 1 Olympic Ave., Sirius, Sochi 353340, Russia; (V.P.G.); (A.N.Z.); (U.V.B.); (E.V.G.); (R.R.G.)
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine and St. Petersburg State University Hospital, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7-9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Budygin
- Department of Neurobiology, Sirius University, 1 Olympic Ave., Sirius, Sochi 353340, Russia; (V.P.G.); (A.N.Z.); (U.V.B.); (E.V.G.); (R.R.G.)
- Correspondence:
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197
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Zhang Y, Peng Y, Song Y, Zhou Y, Zhang S, Yang G, Yang Y, Li W, Yue W, Lv L, Zhang D. Abnormal functional connectivity of the striatum in first-episode drug-naive early-onset Schizophrenia. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2535. [PMID: 35384392 PMCID: PMC9120884 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal brain network connectivity is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The striatum, consisting of the caudate and putamen, is the major treatment target for antipsychotics, the primary treatments for schizophrenia; however, there are few studies on the functional connectivity (FC) of striatum in drug-naive early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) patients. We examined the FC values of the caudate nucleus and putamen with whole brain by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) and the associations with indices of clinical severity. Patients demonstrated abnormal FC between subregions of the putamen and both the visual network (left middle occipital gyrus) and default mode network (bilateral anterior cingulate, left superior frontal, and right middle frontal gyri). Furthermore, FC between dorsorostral putamen and left superior frontal gyrus correlated with both positive symptom subscore and total score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). These findings demonstrate abnormal FC between the striatum and other brain areas even in the early stages of schizophrenia, supporting neurodevelopmental disruption in disease etiology and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Psychiatry Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yue Peng
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yichen Song
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Youqi Zhou
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Psychiatry Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Luxian Lv
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Psychiatry Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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198
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Zhao M, Yan W, Luo N, Zhi D, Fu Z, Du Y, Yu S, Jiang T, Calhoun VD, Sui J. An attention-based hybrid deep learning framework integrating brain connectivity and activity of resting-state functional MRI data. Med Image Anal 2022; 78:102413. [PMID: 35305447 PMCID: PMC9035078 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2022.102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as a promising tool to investigate psychotic disorders can be decomposed into useful imaging features such as time courses (TCs) of independent components (ICs) and functional network connectivity (FNC) calculated by TC cross-correlation. TCs reflect the temporal dynamics of brain activity and the FNC characterizes temporal coherence across intrinsic brain networks. Both features have been used as input to deep learning approaches with decent results. However, few studies have tried to leverage their complementary information to learn optimal representations at multiple facets. Motivated by this, we proposed a Hybrid Deep Learning Framework integrating brain Connectivity and Activity (HDLFCA) together by combining convolutional recurrent neural network (C-RNN) and deep neural network (DNN), aiming to improve classification accuracy and interpretability simultaneously. Specifically, C-RNNAM was proposed to extract temporal dynamic dependencies with an attention module (AM) to automatically learn discriminative knowledge from TC nodes, while DNN was applied to identify the most group-discriminative FNC patterns with layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP). Then, both prediction outputs were concatenated to build a new feature matrix, generating the final decision by logistic regression. The effectiveness of HDLFCA was validated on both multi-site schizophrenia (SZ, n ∼ 1100) and public autism datasets (ABIDE, n ∼ 1522) by outperforming 12 alternative models at 2.8-8.9% accuracy, including 8 models using either static FNC or TCs and 4 models using dynamic FNC. Appreciable classification accuracy was achieved for HC vs. SZ (85.3%) and HC vs. Autism (72.4%) respectively. More importantly, the most group-discriminative brain regions can be easily attributed and visualized, providing meaningful biological interpretability and highlighting the great potential of the proposed HDLFCA model in the identification of valid neuroimaging biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weizheng Yan
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Na Luo
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zening Fu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuhui Du
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jing Sui
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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199
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Jiang Y, Yao D, Zhou J, Tan Y, Huang H, Wang M, Chang X, Duan M, Luo C. Characteristics of disrupted topological organization in white matter functional connectome in schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1333-1343. [PMID: 32880241 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720003141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging characteristics have demonstrated disrupted functional organization in schizophrenia (SZ), involving large-scale networks within grey matter (GM). However, previous studies have ignored the role of white matter (WM) in supporting brain function. METHODS Using resting-state functional MRI and graph theoretical approaches, we investigated global topological disruptions of large-scale WM and GM networks in 93 SZ patients and 122 controls. Six global properties [clustering coefficient (Cp), shortest path length (Lp), local efficiency (Eloc), small-worldness (σ), hierarchy (β) and synchronization (S) and three nodal metrics [nodal degree (Knodal), nodal efficiency (Enodal) and nodal betweenness (Bnodal)] were utilized to quantify the topological organization in both WM and GM networks. RESULTS At the network level, both WM and GM networks exhibited reductions in Eloc, Cp and S in SZ. The SZ group showed reduced σ and β only for the WM network. Furthermore, the Cp, Eloc and S of the WM network were negatively correlated with negative symptoms in SZ. At the nodal level, the SZ showed nodal disturbances in the corpus callosum, optic radiation, posterior corona radiata and tempo-occipital WM tracts. For GM, the SZ manifested increased nodal centralities in frontoparietal regions and decreased nodal centralities in temporal regions. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide the first evidence for abnormal global topological properties in SZ from the perspective of a substantial whole brain, including GM and WM. Nodal centralities enhance GM areas, along with a reduction in adjacent WM, suggest that WM functional alterations may be compensated for adjacent GM impairments in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Jiang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of life Science and technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035, Chengdu, P. R. China
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Zhou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of life Science and technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yue Tan
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Huan Huang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - MeiLin Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of life Science and technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Mingjun Duan
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
- Department of Psychiatry, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of life Science and technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035, Chengdu, P. R. China
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Avram M, Müller F, Rogg H, Korda A, Andreou C, Holze F, Vizeli P, Ley L, Liechti ME, Borgwardt S. Characterizing thalamocortical (dys)connectivity following d-amphetamine, LSD, and MDMA administration. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:885-894. [PMID: 35500840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with psychotic disorders present alterations in thalamocortical intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) as measured by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Specifically, thalamic iFC is increased with sensorimotor cortices (hyperconnectivity) and decreased with prefrontal-limbic cortices (hypoconnectivity). Intriguingly, psychedelics such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) elicit similar thalamocortical-hyperconnectivity with sensorimotor areas in healthy volunteers. It is unclear whether LSD also induces thalamocortical-hypoconnectivity with prefrontal-limbic cortices as current findings are equivocal. Notably, thalamocortical-hyperconnectivity was associated with psychotic symptoms in patients and substance-induced altered states of consciousness in healthy volunteers. Thalamocortical dysconnectivity is likely evoked by altered neurotransmission, e.g., via dopaminergic excess in psychotic disorders and serotonergic agonism in psychedelic-induced states. It is unclear whether thalamocortical dysconnectivity is also elicited by amphetamine-type substances, broadly releasing monoamines (i.e., dopamine, norepinephrine) but producing fewer perceptual effects than psychedelics. METHODS We administrated LSD, d-amphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in 28 healthy volunteers and investigated their effects on thalamic iFC with two brain networks (auditory-sensorimotor (ASM) and salience (SAL) - corresponding to sensorimotor and prefrontal-limbic cortices, respectively), using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. RESULTS All active substances elicited ASM-thalamic-hyperconnectivity compared to placebo, despite predominantly distinct pharmacological actions and subjective effects. LSD-induced effects correlated with subjective changes in perception, indicating a link between hyperconnectivity and psychedelic-type perceptual alterations. Unlike d-amphetamine and MDMA, which induced hypoconnectivity with SAL, LSD elicited hyperconnectivity. D-amphetamine and MDMA evoked similar thalamocortical dysconnectivity patterns. CONCLUSIONS Psychedelics, empathogens, and psychostimulants evoke thalamocortical-hyperconnectivity with sensorimotor areas, akin to findings in patients with psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Avram
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23538, Germany.
| | - Felix Müller
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, 4012, Switzerland
| | - Helena Rogg
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Alexandra Korda
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Christina Andreou
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Friederike Holze
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Vizeli
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Laura Ley
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Matthias E Liechti
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
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