151
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Evaluation of the Presence of Phenolic Compounds in Different Varieties of Apple by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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152
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Schulze C, Bangert A, Kottra G, Geillinger KE, Schwanck B, Vollert H, Blaschek W, Daniel H. Inhibition of the intestinal sodium-coupled glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) by extracts and polyphenols from apple reduces postprandial blood glucose levels in mice and humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1795-808. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Schulze
- Molecular Nutrition Unit; ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Technical University of Munich; Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
| | - Adina Bangert
- Molecular Nutrition Unit; ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Technical University of Munich; Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
| | - Gabor Kottra
- Molecular Nutrition Unit; ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Technical University of Munich; Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
| | - Kerstin Elisabeth Geillinger
- Molecular Nutrition Unit; ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Technical University of Munich; Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
| | - Bettina Schwanck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology; Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Gutenbergstrasse Kiel Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Blaschek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology; Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Gutenbergstrasse Kiel Germany
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Molecular Nutrition Unit; ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Technical University of Munich; Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
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153
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Krawitzky M, Arias E, Peiro J, Negueruela A, Val J, Oria R. Determination of Color, Antioxidant Activity, and Phenolic Profile of Different Fruit Tissue of Spanish ‘Verde Doncella’ Apple Cultivar. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2013.792829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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154
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Jiménez-Escrig A. Dietary Fiber and Its Polyphenol Cotravelers in Healthy Eating: Seeking the Key Component in Apple Fruit. POLYSACCHARIDES 2014. [DOI: 10.1201/b17121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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155
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Castro-López MDM, López-Vilariño JM, González-Rodríguez MV. Analytical determination of flavonoids aimed to analysis of natural samples and active packaging applications. Food Chem 2014; 150:119-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.10.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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156
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Verdu CF, Childebrand N, Marnet N, Lebail G, Dupuis F, Laurens F, Guilet D, Guyot S. Polyphenol variability in the fruits and juices of a cider apple progeny. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:1305-1314. [PMID: 24115016 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphenols have a favourable antioxidant potential on human health, suggesting that their high content in apple is responsible for the beneficial effects of apple consumption. They are also linked to the quality of apple juices and ciders since they are predominantly responsible for astringency, bitterness and colour. Major phenolic compounds were quantified by liquid chromatography in fruits and juices from a cider apple progeny harvested for 3 years. The total content of procyanidins and their average degree of polymerisation (DPn) were also determined in fruits by phloroglucinolysis. Variability and extraction yield of these compounds were determined. RESULTS The variability observed in the progeny was representative of the variability observed in many cider apple varieties. Hydroxycinnamic acids were the most extractable group, with an average extraction yield of 67%, whereas flavonols and anthocyanins were the least. CONCLUSION This study is the first to introduce variability and extraction yields of the main phenolic compounds in both fruits and juices of a cider apple progeny. This dataset will be used for an upcoming QTL mapping study, an original approach that has never been undertaken for cider apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy F Verdu
- Université d'Angers, EA 921, Laboratoire de Substances d'Origine Naturelle et Analogues Structuraux, SFR 4207 QUASAV, PRES L'UNAM, 49045, Angers, France; Université d'Angers, UMR1345, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR 4207 QUASAV, PRES L'UNAM, 49045, Angers, France; AgroCampus-Ouest, UMR1345, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, 49045, Angers, France; INRA, UMR1345, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
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157
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Chen J, Sun H, Wang Y, Wang S, Tao X, Sun A. Stability of Apple Polyphenols as a Function of Temperature and pH. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2012.678531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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158
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Lou SN, Lin YS, Hsu YS, Chiu EM, Ho CT. Soluble and insoluble phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of immature calamondin affected by solvents and heat treatment. Food Chem 2014; 161:246-53. [PMID: 24837947 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hot water extract of immature calamondin peel contains high total phenolic content, which shows significant correlation to DPPH scavenging potency. By heat treatment, the extraction yields of naringin, tangeretin, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid and gallic acid increased, but the amount of 3',5'-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin (DGPP) decreased drastically. The major soluble phenolic compounds in the nonpolar extract are nobiletin and tangeretin, while DGPP and hesperidin are in the hot water extract. For insoluble phenolic compounds, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid and sinapic acid are mainly in ester linkage form. After heat treatment, gallic acid and p-coumaric acid are the major increased soluble and insoluble phenolic acids, respectively. This indicates that high temperature heating (150°C) probably produces two major effects: (1) degradation of flavonoids, such as DGPP and hesperidin; (2) destruction of the cell wall structure, leading to an increase in soluble nobiletin, tangeretin and gallic acid, as well as insoluble ferulic and p-coumaric acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyi-Neng Lou
- Department of Food Science, National Ilan University, 260 Ilan, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Shan Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Ilan University, 260 Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Siou Hsu
- Department of Food Science, National Ilan University, 260 Ilan, Taiwan
| | - E-Ming Chiu
- Department of Food Science, National Ilan University, 260 Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA
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159
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A local Thai cultivar glutinous black rice bran: A source of functional compounds in immunomodulation, cell viability and collagen synthesis, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 inhibition. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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160
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Lv Q, Si M, Yan Y, Luo F, Hu G, Wu H, Sun C, Li X, Chen K. Effects of phenolic-rich litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) pulp extracts on glucose consumption in human HepG2 cells. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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161
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Effect of drying temperatures on the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of pears of Rocha variety (Pyrus communis L.). JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-014-9170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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162
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Application of an Optimized HPLC Method for the Detection of Various Phenolic Compounds in Apples from Lithuanian Cultivars. J CHEM-NY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/542121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A specific analytical procedure including sample preparation and HPLC analysis was developed and validated for the detection of phenolic compounds in the samples of different apples from popular Lithuanian cultivars “Aldas,” “Auksis,” “Ligol,” and “Šampion.” The conditions for phenol extraction were optimized: the solvent of the extraction was 70% (v/v) ethanol, and the extraction was performed in an ultrasound bath for 20 min at the temperature of 40°C. The HPLC mobile phase consisted of 2% (v/v) acetic acid in water and 100% (v/v) acetonitrile. Using the HPLC technique, 11 analytes were identified, and their specificity was confirmed: procyanidin B1, (+)-catechin, chlorogenic acid, procyanidin B2, (−)-epicatechin, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, avicularin, quercitrin, and phloridzin. Chlorogenic acid was the major component in “Aldas,” “Auksis,” and “Ligol” and procyanidin B2 in “Šampion.” Hyperoside and avicularin were the dominant compounds of all the identified quercetin derivatives in “Aldas” and “Auksis;” hyperoside in “Šampion;” and quercitrin in “Ligol.” The total content of phenolic compounds varied from 1641.0 ± 47.9 μg/g (cv. “Ligol”) to 4291.3 ± 154.2 μg/g (cv. “Aldas”).
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163
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164
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Khayalethu N. Identifying bacteria and studying bacterial diversity using the 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based sequencing techniques: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2013.5966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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165
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Ye J, Guo Y, Zhang D, Zhang N, Wang C, Xu M. Cytological and molecular characterization of quantitative trait locus qRfg1, which confers resistance to gibberella stalk rot in maize. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2013; 26:1417-28. [PMID: 23902264 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-13-0161-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made recently in understanding plant response to Fusarium graminearum infection. Here, the cytological aspect and molecular mechanism of maize defense to F. graminearum infection were characterized using a pair of near-isogenic lines (NIL), the resistant and the susceptible NIL. F. graminearum primarily penetrated the maize root tip and no penetration structure was found. The fungal biomass within the root correlated well with root-disease severity. Following inoculation, R-NIL and S-NIL plants significantly differed in percentage of diseased primary roots. In R-NIL roots, a fraction of exodermal cells collapsed to form cavities, and hyphae were confined to the outer exodermal cells. However, most exodermal cells shrank and turned brown, and fungi colonized the entire S-NIL root. In the R-NIL roots, the exodermal cells exhibited plasmolysis and atropous hyphal growth whereas, in the exodermal cells of the S-NIL roots, severe cellular degradation and membrane-coated, lushly grown hyphae were found. Transcriptome sequencing revealed comprehensive transcription reprogramming, reinforcement of a complex defense network, to enhance the systemic and basal resistance. This study reports a detailed microscopic analysis of F. graminearum infection on maize root, and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying maize resistance to the pathogen.
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166
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Wang H, Fan W, Li H, Yang J, Huang J, Zhang P. Functional characterization of Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase in anthocyanin biosynthesis of purple sweet potato underlies the direct evidence of anthocyanins function against abiotic stresses. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78484. [PMID: 24223813 PMCID: PMC3817210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR) is a key enzyme in the catalysis of the stereospecific reduction of dihydroflavonols to leucoanthocyanidins in anthocyanin biosynthesis. In the purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) cv. Ayamurasaki, expression of the IbDFR gene was strongly associated with anthocyanin accumulation in leaves, stems and roots. Overexpression of the IbDFR in Arabidopsis tt3 mutants fully complemented the pigmentation phenotype of the seed coat, cotyledon and hypocotyl. Downregulation of IbDFR expression in transgenic sweet potato (DFRi) using an RNAi approach dramatically reduced anthocyanin accumulation in young leaves, stems and storage roots. In contrast, the increase of flavonols quercetin-3-O-hexose-hexoside and quercetin-3-O-glucoside in the leaves and roots of DFRi plants is significant. Therefore, the metabolic pathway channeled greater flavonol influx in the DFRi plants when their anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin accumulation were decreased. These plants also displayed reduced antioxidant capacity compared to the wild type. After 24 h of cold treatment and 2 h recovery, the wild-type plants were almost fully restored to the initial phenotype compared to the slower recovery of DFRi plants, in which the levels of electrolyte leakage and hydrogen peroxide accumulation were dramatically increased. These results provide direct evidence of anthocyanins function in the protection against oxidative stress in the sweet potato. The molecular characterization of the IbDFR gene in the sweet potato not only confirms its important roles in flavonoid metabolism but also supports the protective function of anthocyanins of enhanced scavenging of reactive oxygen radicals in plants under stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijuan Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Science, Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Jirong Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Science, Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
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167
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Determination of flavonoids by LC/MS and anti-inflammatory activity in Moringa oleifera. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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168
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Wu CS, Gao QH, Kjelgren RK, Guo XD, Wang M. Yields, phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of Ziziphus jujube Mill. in response to different fertilization treatments. Molecules 2013; 18:12029-40. [PMID: 24084012 PMCID: PMC6270186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181012029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing demand for more jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) production requires understanding the specific fertilization needs of jujube trees. This study was conducted to compare fruit yields, phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of jujube in response to different fertilizers. Application of organic fertilizer appeared to enhance the phenolics and antioxidant activity accumulation of jujubes, compared to conventional fertilized jujubes. Amongst inorganic fertilizers, supplemental potassium as an individual nutrient improved the accumulation of phenolics in jujubes. Our results demonstrate that phenolics levels and antioxidant activity of jujube can be manipulated through fertilizer management and tracked by following proanthocyanidin concentrations. In a practical production context, the combination of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers such as more supplemental individual potassium, and less supplemental individual nitrogen and phosphorus, might be the best management combination for achieving higher phenolic concentration, stronger antioxidant activity and a good harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Sen Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; E-Mail:
| | - Qing-Han Gao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China; E-Mail:
| | - Roger Keith Kjelgren
- Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, College of Agriculture, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Xu-Dan Guo
- Chinese Cereals and Oils Association, Beijing 100037, China; E-Mail:
| | - Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: or ; Tel.: +86-29-8709-2816; Fax: +86-29-8709-2486
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169
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Alexandru L, Pizzale L, Conte L, Barge A, Cravotto G. Microwave-assisted extraction of edible Cicerbita alpina shoots and its LC-MS phenolic profile. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2676-2682. [PMID: 23526184 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crude extracts obtained from the edible shoots of Cicerbita alpina using microwave-assisted extraction have been qualitatively profiled by liquid chromatography coupled with an ion trap mass spectrometry detector and an electrospray ionization interface (LC/ESI-MS(3) ) for their phenolic content. The main challenge of the present investigation was to create a working strategy designed to obtain a rich phenolic profile despite the limited amount of starting plant material and phytochemical data available. RESULTS The best extraction conditions (temperature 90 °C; time 5 min; solvent methanol:water 50:50; sample weight 3 g) were achieved using a full factorial 2(4) experimental design. Fifteen compounds, including flavonoid conjugates and phenolic acid derivatives, were detected and tentatively identified. The total phenolic content varied from 93.58 mg g(-1) gallic acid equivalents (GAE), for the cultivated plant to 10.54 mg g(-1) GAE for the wild one, whereas the total flavonoid content varied from 145.00 mg g(-1) rutin for the cultivated plant to 25.22 mg g(-1) rutin for the wild one. CONCLUSION A total of 11 compounds are herein reported, for the first time, as coming from this plant source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Alexandru
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università di Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
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170
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Guo J, Yue T, Yuan Y, Wang Y. Chemometric classification of apple juices according to variety and geographical origin based on polyphenolic profiles. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6949-6963. [PMID: 23815505 DOI: 10.1021/jf4011774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To characterize and classify apple juices according to apple variety and geographical origin on the basis of their polyphenol composition, the polyphenolic profiles of 58 apple juice samples belonging to 5 apple varieties and from 6 regions in Shaanxi province of China were assessed. Fifty-one of the samples were from protected designation of origin (PDO) districts. Polyphenols were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA) and to a Q Exactive quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Chemometric techniques including principal component analysis (PCA) and stepwise linear discriminant analysis (SLDA) were carried out on polyphenolic profiles of the samples to develop discrimination models. SLDA achieved satisfactory discriminations of apple juices according to variety and geographical origin, providing respectively 98.3 and 91.2% success rate in terms of prediction ability. This result demonstrated that polyphenols could served as characteristic indices to verify the variety and geographical origin of apple juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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171
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hwa Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Chung-Ang University; Ansung Korea
| | - Changsun Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Chung-Ang University; Ansung Korea
- School of Food Science and Technology; Chung-Ang University; Ansung Korea
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172
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Min TS, Park MJ, Moon JH, Kim WS, Lee SH, Cho YD, Park SH. Bio-active Substances and Physiological Activity of Pears. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3839/jabc.2013.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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173
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Coumaroyl quinic acid derivatives and flavonoids from immature pear (Pyrus pyrifolia nakai) fruit. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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174
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Characterisation of Aronia powders obtained by different drying processes. Food Chem 2013; 141:2858-63. [PMID: 23871034 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, food industry is facing challenges connected with the preservation of the highest possible quality of fruit products obtained after processing. Attention has been drawn to Aronia fruits due to numerous health promoting properties of their products. However, processing of Aronia, like other berries, leads to difficulties that stem from the preparation process, as well as changes in the composition of bioactive compounds. Consequently, in this study, Aronia commercial juice was subjected to different drying techniques: spray drying, freeze drying and vacuum drying with the temperature range of 40-80 °C. All powders obtained had a high content of total polyphenols. Powders gained by spray drying had the highest values which corresponded to a high content of total flavonoids, total monomeric anthocyanins, cyaniding-3-glucoside and total proanthocyanidins. Analysis of the results exhibited a correlation between selected bioactive compounds and their antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, drying techniques have an impact on selected quality parameters, and different drying techniques cause changes in the content of bioactives analysed. Spray drying can be recommended for preservation of bioactives in Aronia products. Powder quality depends mainly on the process applied and parameters chosen. Therefore, Aronia powders production should be adapted to the requirements and design of the final product.
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175
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Cho JY, Kim CM, Lee HJ, Lee SH, Cho JA, Kim WS, Park KH, Moon JH. Caffeoyl triterpenes from pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) fruit peels and their antioxidative activities against oxidation of rat blood plasma. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4563-4569. [PMID: 23611412 DOI: 10.1021/jf400524b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Six triterpenes, including three caffeoyl triterpenes, were purified and isolated from pear fruit ( Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai cv. Chuwhangbae) peel extracts using various column chromatography techniques with a guided 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay. The isolated compounds were identified as betulinic aldehyde (1), lupeol (2), betulinic acid (3), 3-O-cis-caffeoylbetulinic acid (4), 3-O-trans-caffeoylbetulinic acid (5), and 3-O-trans-caffeoyloleanolic acid (6) on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Four compounds (1, 4-6) were identified from Asian pear fruit for the first time. In addition, compounds 4-6, containing a caffeic acid moiety, showed higher DPPH radical-scavenging and suppression effects against copper ion-induced oxidation of rat blood plasma than other compounds without a caffeic acid moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Food Science & Technology and Functional Food Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
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176
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Annegowda HV, Bhat R, Yeong KJ, Liong MT, Karim A, Mansor SM. Influence of Drying Treatments on Polyphenolic Contents and Antioxidant Properties of Raw and Ripe Papaya (Carica papaya L.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2011.631248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. V. Annegowda
- a Centre for Drug Research , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Rajeev Bhat
- b Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Kar Joon Yeong
- b Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Min-Tze Liong
- c Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | - A.A. Karim
- b Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | - S. M. Mansor
- a Centre for Drug Research , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
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177
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Kaššák P. Total flavonoids and phenolics content of the chosen genus Iris species. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260080119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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178
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Fredericks CH, Fanning KJ, Gidley MJ, Netzel G, Zabaras D, Herrington M, Netzel M. High-anthocyanin strawberries through cultivar selection. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:846-852. [PMID: 22887449 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diets high in fruit and vegetables are known to have significant health benefits. This is in part due to the presence of phytochemicals, which possess potential protective health benefits. This study focuses on the ability of strawberries to be bred for higher anthocyanin content. This is a major contributor to the characteristic colour and nutritional value of ripe strawberries, together with phenolic acids, ascorbic acid and total antioxidant capacity. RESULTS Anthocyanins in five commercial strawberry cultivars and three breeding lines were assessed. This led to the discovery of one breeding line (BL 2006-221) as an exceptional source of anthocyanins (~1 g kg(-1) fresh weight), with approximately double the levels of current commercial cultivars. Temperature was shown to influence anthocyanin extraction, with 40 °C being the best extraction temperature using the accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) method. Hue angle and anthocyanin concentration showed a good correlation (r(2) = 0.69). CONCLUSION The new breeding line BL 2006-221 has the potential to be used in the development of phytochemically rich strawberry cultivars. Using hue angle as a screening tool for total anthocyanin concentration and extraction of anthocyanins from strawberries by ASE at 40 °C would support such cultivar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charissa H Fredericks
- School of Land, Crop and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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179
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Thogchai W, Liawruangrath B. Micellar liquid chromatographic determination of arbutin and hydroquinone in medicinal plant extracts and commercial cosmetic products. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013; 35:257-63. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Thogchai
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology (WT); Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University; Phitsanulok; 65000; Thailand
| | - B. Liawruangrath
- Pharmaceutical Science; Faculty of Pharmacy (BL); Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai; 50200; Thailand
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180
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Yu MW, Lou SN, Chiu EM, Ho CT. Antioxidant activity and effective compounds of immature calamondin peel. Food Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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181
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Fromm M, Loos HM, Bayha S, Carle R, Kammerer DR. Recovery and characterisation of coloured phenolic preparations from apple seeds. Food Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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182
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Wu CH, Hsieh HT, Lin JA, Yen GC. Alternanthera paronychioides protects pancreatic β-cells from glucotoxicity by its antioxidant, antiapoptotic and insulin secretagogue actions. Food Chem 2013; 139:362-70. [PMID: 23561118 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant and antiglucotoxic effects of Alternanthera paronychioides on pancreatic β-cell were investigated. Antioxidant assays demonstrated that ethanol extracts of A. paronychioides (EEAP) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, which also had the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents. Two major polyphenolics, ferulic acid and quercetin, were identified from EEAP by HPLC-DAD. Effects of EEAP, ferulic acid and quercetin on high glucose (25 mmol/L)-induced pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and dysfunction were further evaluated. Results showed that EEAP and quercetin but not ferulic acid protected β-cells from glucotoxicity through several mechanisms, including: (1) maintaining β-cell viability; (2) suppressing reactive oxygen species production; (3) reducing characteristic features of apoptosis; (4) inhibiting the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; (5) upregulating pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 gene expression and the insulin secretagogue action of pancreatic β-cells. These findings may shed light on the preventive actions of A. paronychioides on diabetic glucotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hao Wu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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183
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Abstract
AbstractSeveral methods have been described for the determination of phenolic compounds in animal and plant products using the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) assay. Most of these methods describe the use of this reagent and sodium carbonate in spectrophotometric methods. The macro FC assay was compared with two micro FC assays carried out on a microplate reader. Excellent correlation was obtained among the three assays with a molar extinction coefficient of 5.228±0.187x103 M−1 cm−1. The micro assay may serve as a high throughput method for the rapid determination of polyphenols in various samples.
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184
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Galanakis C, Goulas V, Tsakona S, Manganaris G, Gekas V. A Knowledge Base for The Recovery of Natural Phenols with Different Solvents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2010.522750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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185
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Padayachee A, Netzel G, Netzel M, Day L, Mikkelsen D, Gidley MJ. Lack of release of bound anthocyanins and phenolic acids from carrot plant cell walls and model composites during simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion. Food Funct 2013; 4:906-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60091b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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186
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Dai FJ, Hsu WH, Huang JJ, Wu SC. Effect of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) on high-fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in hamsters. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 53:384-91. [PMID: 23287313 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased systemic and airway oxidative stress, which may result from a combination of adipokine imbalance and antioxidant defenses reduction. Obesity-mediated oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia, vascular disease, and nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis. The antidyslipidemic activity of pigeon pea were evaluated by high-fat diet (HFD) hamsters model, in which the level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and total triglyceride (TG) were examined. We found that pigeon pea administration promoted cholesterol converting to bile acid in HFD-induced hamsters, thereby exerting hypolipidemic activity. In the statistical results, pigeon pea significantly increased hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), LDL receptor, and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (also known as cytochrome P450 7A1, CYP7A1) expression to attenuate dyslipidemia in HFD-fed hamsters; and markedly elevated antioxidant enzymes in the liver of HFD-induced hamsters, further alleviating lipid peroxidation. These effects may attribute to pigeon pea contained large of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; C18:2) and phytosterol (β-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol). Moreover, the effects of pigeon pea on dyslipidemia were greater than β-sitosterol administration (4%), suggesting that phytosterone in pigeon pea could prevent metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Jhen Dai
- Department of Food Science, College of Life Science, National Chiayi University, No. 300, Syue fu Road, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan, ROC
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187
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Tyrosinase inhibitory components of immature calamondin peel. Food Chem 2012; 135:1091-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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188
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Water at room temperature as a solvent for the extraction of apple pomace phenolic compounds. Food Chem 2012; 135:1991-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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189
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Balázs A, Tóth M, Blazics B, Héthelyi É, Szarka S, Ficsor E, Ficzek G, Lemberkovics É, Blázovics A. Investigation of dietary important components in selected red fleshed apples by GC–MS and LC–MS. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:1356-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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190
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Dolton MJ, Roufogalis BD, McLachlan AJ. Fruit juices as perpetrators of drug interactions: the role of organic anion-transporting polypeptides. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2012; 92:622-30. [PMID: 23033114 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2012.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Grapefruit juice is widely recognized to cause important drug interactions via inhibition of CYP3A4, and a wider variety of fruit juices have been shown to inhibit influx transporters in enterocytes known as organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs). Fruit juice coadministration significantly reduces the oral bioavailability of numerous important medicines relying on this anion transporter pathway for absorption. This article reviews the current literature on interactions between clinically used OATP substrates and fruit juice consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Dolton
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Australia
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191
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Li X, Zhang J, Gao W, Wang H. Study on chemical composition, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities of extracts from Chinese pear fruit (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.). Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3673-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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192
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Baeza-Baeza JJ, Dávila Y, Fernández-Navarro JJ, García-Álvarez-Coque MC. Measurement of the elution strength and peak shape enhancement at increasing modifier concentration and temperature in RPLC. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:2973-84. [PMID: 23007655 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Two approaches are proposed to measure the effect of different experimental factors (such as the modifier concentration and temperature) on the elution strength and peak shape in reversed-phase liquid chromatography, which quantify the percentage change in the retention factor and peak width (referred to the weakest conditions) per unit change in the experimental factor. The approaches were applied to the separation of a set of flavonoids with aqueous micellar mobile phases of the surfactant Brij-35 (polyoxyethylene(23)dodecanol), in comparison with acetonitrile-water mixtures, using an Eclipse XDB-C18 column. The particular interaction of each flavonoid with the oxyethylene chains of Brij-35 molecules (adsorbed on the stationary phase or forming micelles) changed the elution window, distribution of chromatographic peaks and partitioning kinetics, depending on the hydroxyl substitution in the aromatic rings of flavonoids. At 25 °C, peak shape with Brij-35 mobile phases was significantly poorer with regard to acetonitrile-water mixtures. At increasing temperature, the efficiency of Brij-35 increased, approaching at 80 °C the values obtained at equilibrium conditions, already reached with acetonitrile at 25 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Baeza-Baeza
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Valencia, c/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
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193
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Li X, Zhang JY, Gao WY, Wang Y, Wang HY, Cao JG, Huang LQ. Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of eight pear cultivars. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8738-44. [PMID: 22880800 DOI: 10.1021/jf303235h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The contents of total phenolics, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, and total triterpenes of eight pear samples were determined, and the monomeric compounds were identified and quantitated using high-performance liquid chromatography. The in vitro antioxidant and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of the different pear cultivars were compared. Arbutin and catechin were the dominant polyphenol compounds in the eight pear varieties, followed by chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and rutin. In addition, Xuehua pear and Nanguo pear had significantly higher total phenolics and flavonoids contents, while Dangshansu pear had the largest total triterpenes value (209.2 mg/100 g). Xuehua pear and Nanguo pear also were the highest in total anthocyanins. The pears with high total phenolics and total flavonoids contents had significantly higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities than those of other species. Anthocyanins were correlated to antioxidant capacity in pears, whereas total triterpenoids were strongly correlated to anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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194
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Yue T, Shao D, Yuan Y, Wang Z, Qiang C. Ultrasound-assisted extraction, HPLC analysis, and antioxidant activity of polyphenols from unripe apple. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2138-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
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195
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Padayachee A, Netzel G, Netzel M, Day L, Zabaras D, Mikkelsen D, Gidley MJ. Binding of polyphenols to plant cell wall analogues - Part 2: Phenolic acids. Food Chem 2012; 135:2287-92. [PMID: 22980803 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose and cellulose-pectin composites were used as well-defined model plant cell wall (PCW) systems to study the interaction between phenolic acids (PA) derived from purple carrot juice concentrate (PCJC) and PCW components. Significant PA depletion from solution occurred, with pure cellulose initially (30s-1h) absorbing more than cellulose-pectin composites in the first hour (ca 20% cf 10-15%), but with all composites absorbing similar levels (ca 30%) after several days. Individual PAs bound to different relative extents with caffeic acid>chlorogenic acid>ferulic acid. Extrapolation of data for these model systems to carrot puree suggests that nutritionally-significant amounts of PAs could bind to cell walls, potentially restricting bioavailability in the small intestine and, as a consequence, delivering PAs to the large intestine for fermentation and metabolism by gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Padayachee
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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196
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Fagopyrum tataricum (buckwheat) improved high-glucose-induced insulin resistance in mouse hepatocytes and diabetes in fructose-rich diet-induced mice. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2012; 2012:375673. [PMID: 22548048 PMCID: PMC3324901 DOI: 10.1155/2012/375673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fagopyrum tataricum (buckwheat) is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Taiwan. This study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and anti-insulin resistance effects of 75% ethanol extracts of buckwheat (EEB) in FL83B hepatocytes by high-glucose (33 mM) induction and in C57BL/6 mice by fructose-rich diet (FRD; 60%) induction. The active compounds of EEB (100 μg/mL; 50 mg/kg bw), quercetin (6 μg/mL; 3 mg/kg bw), and rutin (23 μg/mL; 11.5 mg/kg bw) were also employed to treat FL83B hepatocytes and animal. Results indicated that EEB, rutin, and quercetin + rutin significantly improved 2-NBDG uptake via promoting Akt phosphorylation and preventing PPARγ degradation caused by high-glucose induction for 48 h in FL83B hepatocytes. We also found that EEB could elevate hepatic antioxidant enzymes activities to attenuate insulin resistance as well as its antioxidation caused by rutin and quercetin. Finally, EEB also inhibited increases in blood glucose and insulin levels of C57BL/6 mice induced by FRD.
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197
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Dmitrienko SG, Kudrinskaya VA, Apyari VV. Methods of extraction, preconcentration, and determination of quercetin. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481204003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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198
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Zheng HZ, Kim YI, Chung SK. A profile of physicochemical and antioxidant changes during fruit growth for the utilisation of unripe apples. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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199
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Maisuthisakul P, Gordon MH. Characterization and storage stability of the extract of Thai mango (Mangifera indica Linn. Cultivar Chok-Anan) seed kernels. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2012; 51:1453-62. [PMID: 25114335 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Qualitative analysis of hydrolysable extract from mango (Mangifera indica Linn. cultivar Chok-Anan) seed kernel was performed by means of reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RPHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS). The main phenolic compound was identified as methyl gallate by comparing their retention time, UV-vis absorption spectra and mass spectra with a reference standard. Quantification of phenolic compounds was performed by HPLC-DAD, which revealed that the extract contained total phenolics at a concentration of 194.1 mg GAE/g dry weight of mango seed kernel (MSK), of which 85.7% was identified as methyl gallate. In addition, the antioxidant activities of the extract and the main compound were assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays, by the ferric thiocyanate method and by an assay of metal chelating activity. Tyrosinase inhibition was also investigated. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity and the total phenolic content of MSK extract stored in a plastic (polyethylene) PE bag decreased during storage at freezing (-20 °C), refrigerated (7 °C) and room (28-32 °C) temperature for 182 days. The loss of antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content increased at higher storage temperatures for more than 182 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchaon Maisuthisakul
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Science and Technology, University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce, 126/1 Vibhavadee-rangsit Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Michael H Gordon
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O.Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
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200
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Fromm M, Bayha S, Carle R, Kammerer DR. Characterization and quantitation of low and high molecular weight phenolic compounds in apple seeds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:1232-1242. [PMID: 22220632 DOI: 10.1021/jf204623d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The phenolic constituents of seeds of 12 different apple cultivars were fractionated by sequential extraction with aqueous acetone (30:70, v/v) and ethyl acetate after hexane extraction of the lipids. Low molecular weight phenolic compounds were individually quantitated by RP-HPLC-DAD. The contents of extractable and nonextractable procyanidins were determined by applying RP-HPLC following thiolysis and n-butanol/HCl hydrolysis, respectively. As expected, the results revealed marked differences of the ethyl acetate extracts, aqueous acetone extracts, and insoluble residues with regard to contents and mean degrees of polymerization of procyanidins. Total phenolic contents in the defatted apple seed residues ranged between 18.4 and 99.8 mg/g. Phloridzin was the most abundant phenolic compound, representing 79-92% of monomeric polyphenols. Yields of phenolic compounds significantly differed among the cultivars under study, with seeds of cider apples generally being richer in phloridzin and catechins than seeds of dessert apple cultivars. This is the first study presenting comprehensive data on the contents of phenolic compounds in apple seeds comprising extractable and nonextractable procyanidins. Furthermore, the present work points out a strategy for the sustainable and complete exploitation of apple seeds as valuable agro-industrial byproducts, in particular as a rich source of phloridzin and antioxidant flavanols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Fromm
- Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hohenheim University, Stuttgart, Germany
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