151
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Shrivastava S, Paila YD, Kombrabail M, Krishnamoorthy G, Chattopadhyay A. Role of Cholesterol and Its Immediate Biosynthetic Precursors in Membrane Dynamics and Heterogeneity: Implications for Health and Disease. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:6312-6320. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Shrivastava
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Yamuna Devi Paila
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Mamata Kombrabail
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005, India
| | - G. Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005, India
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152
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Antunes E, Cavaco-Paulo A. Stratum corneum lipid matrix with unusual packing: A molecular dynamics study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 190:110928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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153
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Poly-Lactic Acid-Based Biopolymer Formulations Are Safe for Sustained Intratympanic Dexamethasone Delivery. Otol Neurotol 2020; 40:e739-e746. [PMID: 31295207 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000002305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS AND BACKGROUND The clinical treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss currently relies on the administration of steroids, either systemically or via intratympanic injections. Intratympanic injections bypass the hemato-cochlear barrier, reducing its systemic side effects. The efficacy of the injections is limited through rapid drug clearance via the Eustachian tube, and through nonoptimal properties of slow-release drug carriers. A new slow-release drug delivery vehicle based on hexyl-substituted-poly-lactic-acid (HexPLA), with the highest possible safety profile and complete bio-degradability, has been evaluated for safety and efficacy in a standardized guinea pig model of intratympanic injection. METHODS A total of 83 animals received through retrobullar injection either empty Nile-red-colored HexPLA vehicle, 5%-dexamethasone-HexPLA, 5%-dexamethasone suspension, or a sham operation. Long-term residence time of vehicle, biocompatibility, click- and pure-tone hearing thresholds, and dexamethasone levels in the perilymph were prospectively assessed. RESULTS At 1 week after injection, HexPLA vehicle was morphologically present in the middle ear and perilymph levels in the 5%-dexamethasone-HexPLA were on average 2 to 3 μg/ml and one order of magnitude higher compared with those of the 5%-dexamethasone suspension group. No significant postoperative morphological or functional changes were observed up to 3 months postdelivery. CONCLUSIONS HexPLA is safe, fully biocompatible, and efficient for sustained high-dose, intratympanic delivery of dexamethasone at least for 1 week and therefore of high interest for the treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss and other acute inner ear diseases. Due to the favorable chemical properties, a wide range of other drugs can be loaded into the vehicle further increasing its potential value for otological applications.
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154
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Assessing the Cadmium Effects on the Benthic Foraminifer Ammonia cf. parkinsoniana: An Acute Toxicity Test. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12041018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals are one of the most hazardous pollutants in marine environments because of their bioaccumulation and biomagnification capabilities. Among them, cadmium (Cd) has been considered as one of the most dangerous for marine organisms. Here we incubated Ammonia cf. parkinsoniana specimens, a benthic foraminiferal taxon used in previous experiments, for up to 48 h in natural seawater with different concentrations of Cd to unravel the physiological change. We document a reduced pseudopodial activity of the Cd-treated specimens at concentrations >10–100 ppb in comparison with the control specimens. Moreover, confocal images of Cd-treated specimens using Nile Red as a fluorescent probe reveal an enhanced intracellular neutral lipid accumulation in the form of lipid droplets at 6 h and 12 h. This bioassay experiment allows for the direct evaluation of Cd-dose to A. cf. parkinsoniana-response relationships under laboratory controlled conditions and provides complementary information to field observations as well as to water quality guidelines and thresholds.
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155
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Alsolmy E, Abdelwahab WM, Martinez V, Henary M, Patonay G. Investigation of benzophenoxazine derivatives for the detection of latent fingerprints on porous surfaces. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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156
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Auclair J, Quinn B, Peyrot C, Wilkinson KJ, Gagné F. Detection, biophysical effects, and toxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles to the cnidarian Hydra attenuata. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:11772-11781. [PMID: 31975008 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of nanoplastic particles (NPs) in the environment has raised concerns about the ecotoxicological risk to aquatic ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to examine the bioavailability and toxicity of 50- and 100-nm transparent polystyrene NPs to the cnidarian Hydra attenuata. The hydras were exposed to increasing concentrations of 50- and 100-nm NPs (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/L) for 96 h at 20 °C followed by a 24-h depuration step. Hydras were analyzed for morphological changes, bioaccumulation of NPs using a novel assay for polystyrene NPs, oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation), polar lipids, lipid-like liquid crystals (LCs), and viscosity changes in the post-mitochondrial fraction. The results revealed that the organisms accumulated detectable amounts of NP in a concentration-dependent manner for both the 50- and 100-nm NP that persisted after 24 h in clean media. Changes in morphology were observed with a 50% effect concentration of 3.6 and 18 mg/L for the 50- and 100-nm-diameter NPs respectively. However, based on the particle concentration, the 100 nm proved to be 1.7 times more toxic than the 50-nm NPs. Exposure to NPs led to decreased biomass, lipid peroxidation (LPO), increased polar lipid levels, viscosity, and formation of LCs at the intracellular level. In the more toxic NP (100 nm), NPs in tissues were correlated with LCs, polar lipids, and LPO levels. It appears that the formation of organized LCs and polar lipids of NPs in cells was involved with NP toxicity and could represent a yet unidentified, detoxifying/bioactivation mechanism against colloidal plastics in cells. In conclusion, NPs are bioavailable to hydra and lead to LPO and lipid mobilization in hydra. The capacity of increasing lipid mobilization and LCs could determine the size-dependence toxicity of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Auclair
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal, Québec, H2Y 2E7, Canada
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland, PA1 2BE, UK
- Chemistry Department, Montreal University, Montréal, Québec, H2V 2B8, Canada
| | - Brian Quinn
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal, Québec, H2Y 2E7, Canada
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland, PA1 2BE, UK
- Chemistry Department, Montreal University, Montréal, Québec, H2V 2B8, Canada
| | - Caroline Peyrot
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal, Québec, H2Y 2E7, Canada
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland, PA1 2BE, UK
- Chemistry Department, Montreal University, Montréal, Québec, H2V 2B8, Canada
| | - Kevin James Wilkinson
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal, Québec, H2Y 2E7, Canada
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland, PA1 2BE, UK
- Chemistry Department, Montreal University, Montréal, Québec, H2V 2B8, Canada
| | - François Gagné
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal, Québec, H2Y 2E7, Canada.
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland, PA1 2BE, UK.
- Chemistry Department, Montreal University, Montréal, Québec, H2V 2B8, Canada.
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157
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Davis JL, Zhang Y, Yi S, Du F, Song KH, Scott EA, Sun C, Zhang HF. Super-Resolution Imaging of Self-Assembled Nanocarriers Using Quantitative Spectroscopic Analysis for Cluster Extraction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2291-2299. [PMID: 32069413 PMCID: PMC7445082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled nanocarriers have inspired a range of applications for bioimaging, diagnostics, and drug delivery. The noninvasive visualization and characterization of these nanocarriers are important to understand their structure to function relationship. However, the quantitative visualization of nanocarriers in the sample's native environment remains challenging with the use of existing technologies. Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has the potential to provide both high-resolution visualization and quantitative analysis of nanocarriers in their native environment. However, nonspecific binding of fluorescent probes used in SMLM can introduce artifacts, which imposes challenges in the quantitative analysis of SMLM images. We showed the feasibility of using spectroscopic point accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (sPAINT) to visualize self-assembled polymersomes (PS) with molecular specificity. Furthermore, we analyzed the unique spectral signatures of Nile Red (NR) molecules bound to the PS to reject artifacts from nonspecific NR bindings. We further developed quantitative spectroscopic analysis for cluster extraction (qSPACE) to increase the localization density by 4-fold compared to sPAINT; thus, reducing variations in PS size measurements to less than 5%. Finally, using qSPACE, we quantitatively imaged PS at various concentrations in aqueous solutions with ∼20 nm localization precision and 97% reduction in sample misidentification relative to conventional SMLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janel L. Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Sijia Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Fanfan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Ki-Hee Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Evan A. Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Hao F. Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
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158
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Sagia S, Sharma A, Singh S, Chaturvedi S, Nain PKS, Nain L. Single cell oil production by a novel yeast Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans for complete and ecofriendly valorization of paddy straw. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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159
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Hjelle JT, Golinska BT, Waters DC, Steidley KR, McCarroll DR, Pavlina T, Smith SL, Lloyd JK, Dobbie JW. In VivoandIn VitroCharacterization of Mesothelial Lipid Inclusions. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686089101100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of intracytoplasmic lipid inclusions found in cultured rabbit and rat peritoneal mesothelial cells was examined by ultrastructural and biochemical techniques. Transmission electron microscopy also demonstrated extracellular release of these lipid bodies. Differential fixation with tannic acid revealed 2 types of inclusions, lamellated (lamellar bodies) and nonlamellated (homogeneous). The lamellar bodies were found near or in the Golgi apparatus and on the cell surface where occasionally they were observed in exocytotic pouches. The homogeneous inclusions were the predominant species being found primarily intracellularly. Lipid bodies obtained from the culture media over the cells displayed on electron microscopy the same morphological characteristics as those seen intracellularly. Exposure of confluent cultures of mesothelial cells to the vital lipid stain Nile Red caused the appearance of intensely fluorescent droplets in or on the cells at wave lengths consistent with staining for phosphatidylcholine-rich vesicles. Incubation of the cells with r4C)-choline an d subsequent analysis of phospholipid formation revealed high rates of r4C)-phosphatidylcholine addition to both intra and extracellular lipid pools. Taken together, mesothelial cells exhibit lipid bodies similar in ultrastructure to the surfactant containing organelles of Type II pneumocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Thomas Hjelle
- Basic Sciencesl and Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria
| | - Barbara T. Golinska
- Basic Sciencesl and Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria
| | - Diane C. Waters
- Basic Sciencesl and Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria
| | - Kevin R. Steidley
- Basic Sciencesl and Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria
| | | | - Thomas Pavlina
- Applied Sciences, Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Round Lake, Illinois
| | - Stephen L. Smith
- Applied Sciences, Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Round Lake, Illinois
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160
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Mu Y, Xu B, Yang Z, Wen H, Yang Z, Mane SKB, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Chi Z, Tang BZ. Reversible and Continuous Color-Tunable Persistent Luminescence of Metal-Free Organic Materials by "Self"-Interface Energy Transfer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:5073-5080. [PMID: 31876136 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Persistent luminescence from metal-free organic materials is attractive for their ultralong exciton lifetimes. Color-tunable persistent luminescence from single-component organic materials is fascinating but still challenging. By utilizing an efficient approach of "self"-interface energy transfer (IET), the persistent luminescence color of an organic phosphor (CTXO) can be reversibly and continuously tuned by external physical stimuli. Its color circularly changes between green (lifetime = 0.24 s) and deep-yellow (lifetime = 0.10 s) when CTXO is repeatedly triggered with thermal annealing and mechanical grinding. Self-IET from the crystalline part (donor), which exhibits persistent room-temperature phosphorescence, to the amorphous part (acceptor) inside its semicrystal during these treatments is found to be the key exciton process for such novel color modulation. This also provides opportunity for designing stimuli-responsive smart materials with controlled persistent luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiao Mu
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material and Technologies, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Bingjia Xu
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material and Technologies, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Zhan Yang
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material and Technologies, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Hanhui Wen
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material and Technologies, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Sunil Kumar Baburao Mane
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material and Technologies, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Juan Zhao
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material and Technologies, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Yi Zhang
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material and Technologies, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-Performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material and Technologies, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon , 999077 Hong Kong, China
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161
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Huang S, Zhou C, Zeng T, Li Y, Lai Y, Mo C, Chen Y, Huang S, Lv Z, Gao L. P-Hydroxyacetophenone Ameliorates Alcohol-Induced Steatosis and Oxidative Stress via the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Zebrafish and Hepatocytes. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1594. [PMID: 32047433 PMCID: PMC6997130 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which is recognized as an important health problem worldwide, is a direct consequence of alcohol consumption, which can induce alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. P-Hydroxyacetophenone (p-HAP) is mainly used as a choleretic and hepatoprotective compound and has anti-hepatitis B, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. However, no experimental report has focused on p-HAP in ALD, and the effect and mechanism of p-HAP in ALD remain unknown. In addition, there is no research on p-HAP in the treatment of ALD. The potential molecular mechanisms of p-HAP against acute alcoholic liver injury remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether p-HAP alleviates ALD and to clarify the potential molecular mechanisms. Zebrafish larvae were soaked in 350 mmol/l ethanol for 32 h at 4 days post fertilization (dpf) and then treated with p-HAP for 48 h. We chose various outcome measures, such as liver histomorphological changes, antioxidation and antiapoptosis capability and expression of inflammation-related proteins, to elucidate the essential mechanism of p-HAP in the treatment of alcohol-induced liver damage. Subsequently, we applied pathological hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Nile red staining and oil red O staining to detect the histomorphological and lipid changes in liver tissues. We also used TUNEL staining, immunochemistry and Western blot analysis to reveal the changes in apoptosis- and inflammation-related proteins. In particular, we used a variety of fluorescent probes to detect the antioxidant capacity of p-HAP in live zebrafish larvae in vivo. In addition, we discovered that p-HAP treatment relieved alcoholic hepatic steatosis in a dose-dependent manner and that the 50 μM dose had the best therapeutic effect. Generally, this research indicated that p-HAP might reduce oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro via the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuying Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Lai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chan Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyao Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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162
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Escobar-Picos R, Vasquez-Ríos MG, Sotelo-Mundo RR, Jancik V, Martínez-Otero D, Calvillo-Páez V, Höpfl H, Ochoa Lara K. A Chiral Bis-Naphthylated Tetrandrine Dibromide: Synthesis, Self-Assembly into an Organic Framework Based On Nanosized Spherical Cages, and Inclusion Studies. Chempluschem 2020; 84:1140-1144. [PMID: 31943950 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline framework materials have gained interest because of their many potential applications. A novel chiral tetrandrine salt (DNT) has been synthesized and characterized by conventional analytical techniques and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and its self-assembly behavior studied. In the solid state, 48 molecules of the compound self-assemble into an organic framework based on nanospherical aggregates formed exclusively through weak noncovalent interactions. Additionally, it was demonstrated by UV-vis spectroscopy and TGA that assembled DNT can include the Nile Red dye, giving a fluorescent material. To the best of our knowledge, these spherical assemblies are the largest among the purely synthetic organic self-assembled molecular crystals reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymundo Escobar-Picos
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - María G Vasquez-Ríos
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Rogerio R Sotelo-Mundo
- Laboratorio de Estructura Biomolecular Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Vojtech Jancik
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, México.,Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, km. 14.5, 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Diego Martínez-Otero
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, México.,Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, km. 14.5, 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Viviana Calvillo-Páez
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Herbert Höpfl
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Karen Ochoa Lara
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
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163
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Spectral Characterization of Stem Cell-Derived Myelination within the Injured Adult PNS Using the Solvatochromic Dye Nile Red. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010189. [PMID: 31940829 PMCID: PMC7017378 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Myelin is an essential component of the peripheral and central nervous system, enabling fast axonal conduction and supporting axonal integrity; limited tools exist for analysis of myelin composition in-vivo. Objective: To demonstrate that the photophysical properties of myelin-incorporated solvatochromic dyes can be exploited to probe the biochemical composition of living peripheral nerve myelin at high spatial resolution. Methods: Using the myelin-incorporated fluorescent dye Nile Red we sequentially analyzed the spectral characteristics of remyelinating myelin membranes both in-vitro and in-vivo, including in living rats. Results: We demonstrated a consistent bi-phasic evolution of emission spectra during early remyelination, and visually report the reliable biochemical flux of myelin membrane composition in-vitro and in-vivo. Conclusions: Solvatochromic spectroscopy enables the analysis of myelin membrane maturity during remyelination, and can be performed in-vivo. As the formation of myelin during early-to-late remyelination likely incorporates fluctuating fractions of lipophilic components and changes in lateral membrane mobility, we propose that our spectrochemical data reflects the observation of these biochemical processes.
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164
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Natunen K. Monitoring Microalgal Neutral Lipid Accumulation with Nile Red. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 1980:55-61. [PMID: 29372540 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2017_102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The widely applied Nile red (NR) method allows near real-time monitoring of microalgal neutral lipid accumulation. When added to a culture sample, optimally, the fluorescent dye NR penetrates the microalgal cell wall staining the intracellular neutral lipids, and the measured fluorescence is linearly correlated to the neutral lipid concentration. Here I describe an optimization protocol for determining the optimal staining parameters for each new microalgal species, followed by a basic NR staining protocol to be applied for monitoring of microalgal neutral lipid accumulation.
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165
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Kisiel A, Kałuża D, Paterczyk B, Maksymiuk K, Michalska A. Quantifying plasticizer leakage from ion-selective membranes – a nanosponge approach. Analyst 2020; 145:2966-2974. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an02621e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneous process of release of plasticizers from membranes typically used in ion-selective sensors is an effect which limits the lifetime of sensors and comes with a risk of safety hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kisiel
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Dawid Kałuża
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Bohdan Paterczyk
- Laboratory of Electron and Confocal Microscopy
- Faculty of Biology
- University of Warsaw
- 02-096 Warsaw
- Poland
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166
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Bixenmann L, Stickdorn J, Nuhn L. Amphiphilic poly(esteracetal)s as dual pH- and enzyme-responsive micellar immunodrug delivery systems. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01716j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic poly(esteracetal) micelles encapsulate potent immune modulatory drugs, but fall apart and release them upon dual pH or enzymatic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Bixenmann
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | | | - Lutz Nuhn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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167
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Abstract
Synthesis, aqueous aggregation, hydrophobic guest encapsulation, non-covalent encapsulation stability and glutathione responsive degradation of amphiphilic hyperbranched polydisulfides have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Bej
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Priya Rajdev
- Technical Research Center
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Ranajit Barman
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
- Technical Research Center
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168
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Appukutti N, Jones JR, Serpell CJ. Sequence isomerism in uniform polyphosphoesters programmes self-assembly and folding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5307-5310. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01319f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Perfectly sequence-defined macromolecules have been synthesised through the phosphoramidite method. Sequence isomerism determines self-assembly giving a raft of unusual nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeema Appukutti
- School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent
- Canterbury
- UK
| | - Joseph R. Jones
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Gibbet Hill
- Coventry
- UK
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169
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Hornum M, Reinholdt P, Zaręba JK, Jensen BB, Wüstner D, Samoć M, Nielsen P, Kongsted J. One- and two-photon solvatochromism of the fluorescent dye Nile Red and its CF3, F and Br-substituted analogues. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1382-1391. [DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00076k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nile Red is a valuable fluorescent dye for studying lipophilic environments. This study presents how solvent polarity and decoration with simple electron-withdrawing substituents influence its absorption, fluorescence and two-photon cross-section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mick Hornum
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Southern Denmark
- DK-5230 Odense M
- Denmark
| | - Peter Reinholdt
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Southern Denmark
- DK-5230 Odense M
- Denmark
| | - Jan K. Zaręba
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology
- 50-370 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Brian B. Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- University of Southern Denmark
- DK-5230 Odense M
- Denmark
| | - Daniel Wüstner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- University of Southern Denmark
- DK-5230 Odense M
- Denmark
| | - Marek Samoć
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology
- 50-370 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Poul Nielsen
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Southern Denmark
- DK-5230 Odense M
- Denmark
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Southern Denmark
- DK-5230 Odense M
- Denmark
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170
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Zhang R, Liu Y, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Ma X, Song Q, Feng H. Facile microfluidic fabrication of monodispersed self-coupling microcavity with fine tunability. Electrophoresis 2019; 41:1418-1424. [PMID: 31797398 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators have received extensive attention because of their nonlinear optical application in lasers and sensors. Optical microcavities are excellent candidates for constructing powerful microlasers and label-free biosensors, owing to their low optical losses and small size. However, most of these microcavity syntheses rely on sophisticated fabrication methods and cannot be manipulated easily. To achieve facile and versatile microcavity fabrication, we present a robust microfluidics method for monodispersed self-coupling optical microcavity fabrication with a fine tunability. The microcavity polydispersity was less than 3%. The optical microcavity size could be varied from 10 to 30 µm with a steady quality factor (Q) of approximately 1000. The lowest laser threshold that we obtained was 0.82 µJ with a microcavity size of 20 µm. The doped fluorescent dye concentration can be tuned precisely from 0.001 to 0.05 wt% to explore an optimized fluorescent background. The experimental results and theoretical simulation match well in terms of Q and the electrometric resonance field intensity. Compared with previous precise and practical fabrication methods, we have demonstrated a facile approach for versatile optical microcavity fabrication. This method can vary the microcavity materials, size, doped fluorescent dye concentration, WGM resonance spectrum, Q factor, and laser threshold easily to adapt to various circumstances and specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Flexible Printed Electronic Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Integrated Nanoscience Lab, School of Electric and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Flexible Printed Electronic Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yueyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Flexible Printed Electronic Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Flexible Printed Electronic Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qinghai Song
- Integrated Nanoscience Lab, School of Electric and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Flexible Printed Electronic Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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171
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Yang T, Zuo Y, Zhang Y, Gou Z, Wang X, Lin W. AIE-active polysiloxane-based fluorescent probe for identifying cancer cells by locating lipid drops. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1091:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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172
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Patel J, Chowdhury EA, Noorani B, Bickel U, Huang J. Isoflurane increases cell membrane fluidity significantly at clinical concentrations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1862:183140. [PMID: 31790694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
There is an on-going debate whether anesthetic drugs, such as isoflurane, can cause meaningful structural changes in cell membranes at clinical concentrations. In this study, the effects of isoflurane on lipid membrane fluidity were investigated using fluorescence anisotropy and spectroscopy. In order to get a complete picture, four very different membrane systems (erythrocyte ghosts, a 5-lipid mixture that mimics brain endothelial cell membrane, POPC/Chol, and pure DPPC) were selected for the study. In all four systems, we found that fluorescence anisotropies of DPH-PC, nile-red, and TMA-DPH decrease significantly at the isoflurane concentrations of 1 mM and 5 mM. Furthermore, the excimer/monomer (E/M) ratio of dipyrene-PC jumps immediately after the addition of isoflurane. We found that isoflurane is quite effective to loosen up highly ordered lipid domains with saturated lipids. Interestingly, 1 mM isoflurane causes a larger decrease of nile-red fluorescence anisotropy in erythrocyte ghosts than 52.2 mM of ethanol, which is three times the legal limit of blood alcohol level. Our results paint a consistent picture that isoflurane at clinical concentrations causes significant and immediate increase of membrane fluidity in a wide range of membrane systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigesh Patel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
| | - Ekram A Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, United States of America
| | - Behnam Noorani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, United States of America
| | - Ulrich Bickel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, United States of America
| | - Juyang Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America.
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173
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Madeira do O J, Foralosso R, Yilmaz G, Mastrotto F, King PJS, Xerri RM, He Y, van der Walle CF, Fernandez-Trillo F, Laughton CA, Styliari I, Stolnik S, Mantovani G. Poly(triazolyl methacrylate) glycopolymers as potential targeted unimolecular nanocarriers. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:21155-21166. [PMID: 31663091 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05836b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic glycopolymers are increasingly investigated as multivalent ligands for a range of biological and biomedical applications. This study indicates that glycopolymers with a fine-tuned balance between hydrophilic sugar pendant units and relatively hydrophobic polymer backbones can act as single-chain targeted nanocarriers for low molecular weight hydrophobic molecules. Non-covalent complexes formed from poly(triazolyl methacrylate) glycopolymers and low molecular weight hydrophobic guest molecules were characterised through a range of analytical techniques - DLS, SLS, TDA, fluorescence spectroscopy, surface tension analysis - and molecular dynamics (MD) modelling simulations provided further information on the macromolecular characteristics of these single chain complexes. Finally, we show that these nanocarriers can be utilised to deliver a hydrophobic guest molecule, Nile red, to both soluble and surface-immobilised concanavalin A (Con A) and peanut agglutinin (PNA) model lectins with high specificity, showing the potential of non-covalent complexation with specific glycopolymers in targeted guest-molecule delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Madeira do O
- Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK.
| | - R Foralosso
- Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK.
| | - G Yilmaz
- Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK.
| | - F Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P J S King
- Malvern Panalytical Ltd, Malvern, WR14 1XZ, UK
| | - R M Xerri
- Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Y He
- Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK.
| | | | | | - C A Laughton
- Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK.
| | - I Styliari
- University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - S Stolnik
- Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK.
| | - G Mantovani
- Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK.
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174
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Veloso SRS, Martins JA, Hilliou L, O Amorim C, Amaral VS, Almeida BG, Jervis PJ, Moreira R, Pereira DM, Coutinho PJG, Ferreira PMT, Castanheira EMS. Dehydropeptide-based plasmonic magnetogels: a supramolecular composite nanosystem for multimodal cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2019; 8:45-64. [PMID: 31764934 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01900f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular hydrogels are highly promising candidates as biomedical materials owing to their wide array of properties, which can be tailored and modulated. Additionally, their combination with plasmonic/magnetic nanoparticles to form plasmonic magnetogels further improves their potential in biomedical applications through the combination of complementary strategies, such as photothermia, magnetic hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy and magnetic-guided drug delivery. Here, a new dehydropeptide hydrogelator, Npx-l-Met-Z-ΔPhe-OH, was developed and combined with two different plasmonic/magnetic nanoparticle architectures, i.e., core/shell manganese ferrite/gold nanoparticles and gold-decorated manganese ferrite nanoparticles with ca. 55 nm and 45 nm sizes, respectively. The magnetogels were characterized via HR-TEM, FTIR spectroscopy, circular dichroism and rheological assays. The gels were tested as nanocarriers for a model antitumor drug, the natural compound curcumin. The incorporation of the drug in the magnetogel matrices was confirmed through fluorescence-based techniques (FRET, fluorescence anisotropy and quenching). The curcumin release profiles were studied with and without the excitation of the gold plasmon band. The transport of curcumin from the magnetogels towards biomembrane models (small unilamellar vesicles) was assessed via FRET between the fluorescent drug and the lipid probe Nile Red. The developed magnetogels showed promising results for photothermia and photo-triggered drug release. The magnetogels bearing gold-decorated nanoparticles showed the best photothermia properties, while the ones containing core/shell nanoparticles had the best photoinduced curcumin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio R S Veloso
- Centro de Física (CFUM), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - J A Martins
- Centro de Química (CQUM), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Loic Hilliou
- Institute for Polymers and Composites/I3N, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - C O Amorim
- Physics Department and CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - V S Amaral
- Physics Department and CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - B G Almeida
- Centro de Física (CFUM), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Peter J Jervis
- Centro de Química (CQUM), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal and REQUIMTE/LAQV, Lab of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rute Moreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Lab of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Lab of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J G Coutinho
- Centro de Física (CFUM), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Paula M T Ferreira
- Centro de Química (CQUM), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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175
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Analysis of the LIF/Mie Ratio from Individual Droplets for Planar Droplet Sizing: Application to Gasoline Fuels and Their Mixtures with Ethanol. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9224900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the possibility of using planar droplet sizing (PDS) based on laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and Mie scattering was investigated within the framework of measuring the droplet Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) spray systems. For this purpose, LIF and Mie signals of monodisperse fuel droplets produced by a droplet generator were studied at engine relevant diameters (20–50 µm). The surrogate gasoline fuel Toliso (consisting of 65 vol. % isooctane, 35 vol. % toluene) and the biofuel blend E20 (consisting of 80 vol. % Toliso, 20 vol. % ethanol) were used and which were doped with the fluorescence dye “nile red”. The effects of ethanol admixture, dye concentration, laser power, and temperature variation on the LIF/Mie ratio were studied simultaneously at both macroscopic and microscopic scale. The deduced calibration curves of the LIF and Mie signals of both fuels showed volumetric and surface dependent behaviors, respectively, in accordance with the assumptions in the literature. The existence of glare points and morphology-dependent resonances (MDRs) lead to slightly higher LIF and Mie exponents of E20 in comparison to Toliso. In principle, these calibration curves enable the determination of the SMD from LIF/Mie ratio images of transient fuel sprays.
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176
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Que C, Lou X, Zemlyanov DY, Mo H, Indulkar AS, Gao Y, Zhang GGZ, Taylor LS. Insights into the Dissolution Behavior of Ledipasvir–Copovidone Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Role of Drug Loading and Intermolecular Interactions. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:5054-5067. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chailu Que
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiaochun Lou
- Drug Product Development, Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Dmitry Y. Zemlyanov
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Huaping Mo
- Purdue Interdepartmental NMR Facility, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Anura S. Indulkar
- Drug Product Development, Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Yi Gao
- Science and Technology, Operations, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Geoff G. Z. Zhang
- Drug Product Development, Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Lynne S. Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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177
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Bagatolli LA, Stock RP, Olsen LF. Coupled Response of Membrane Hydration with Oscillating Metabolism in Live Cells: An Alternative Way to Modulate Structural Aspects of Biological Membranes? Biomolecules 2019; 9:E687. [PMID: 31684090 PMCID: PMC6921054 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose that active metabolic processes may regulate structural changes in biological membranes via the physical state of cell water. This proposition is based on recent results obtained from our group in yeast cells displaying glycolytic oscillations, where we demonstrated that there is a tight coupling between the oscillatory behavior of glycolytic metabolites (ATP, NADH) and the extent of the dipolar relaxation of intracellular water, which oscillates synchronously. The mechanism we suggest involves the active participation of a polarized intracellular water network whose degree of polarization is dynamically modulated by temporal ATP fluctuations caused by metabolism with intervention of a functional cytoskeleton, as conceived in the long overlooked association-induction hypothesis (AIH) of Gilbert Ling. Our results show that the polarized state of intracellular water can be propagated from the cytosol to regions containing membranes. Since changes in the extent of the polarization of water impinge on its chemical activity, we hypothesize that metabolism dynamically controls the local structure of cellular membranes via lyotropic effects. This hypothesis offers an alternative way to interpret membrane related phenomena (e.g., changes in local curvature pertinent to endo/exocytosis or dynamical changes in membranous organelle structure, among others) by integrating relevant but mostly overlooked physicochemical characteristics of the cellular milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Bagatolli
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra-INIMEC (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Friuli 2434, Córdoba 5016, Argentina.
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina.
| | - Roberto P Stock
- MEMPHYS-International and Interdisciplinary Research Network, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Lars F Olsen
- University of Southern Denmark, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
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178
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Gagné F, Auclair J, Quinn B. Detection of polystyrene nanoplastics in biological samples based on the solvatochromic properties of Nile red: application in Hydra attenuata exposed to nanoplastics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:33524-33531. [PMID: 31578681 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The release of nanoplastics (NP) from the weathering of microplastics is a major concern for the environment. Methods for the detection of NP in biological tissues are urgently needed because of their ability to penetrate not only in tissues but also in cells. A simple fluorescence-based methodology for the detection of polystyrene NP in biological tissues is proposed using the solvatochromic properties of Nile red. Although NPs alone increased somewhat Nile red fluorescence, a characteristic hypsochromic shift in the emission spectra was found when the dye and NP were incubated with subcellular tissue fraction. To explain this, the probe and NPs (50 and 100 nm) were prepared in the presence of increasing concentrations of two detergents (Tween-20, Triton X-100) as a proxy to phospholipids. The data revealed that both detergents readily increased fluorescence values when added to the NP and Nile red. The addition of NPs in tissue extracts blue-shifted further the emission spectra to 623 nm from the normal Nile red-lipid peak at 660 nm. The fluorescence intensity was proportional to the NP concentration. A methodology is thus proposed for the detection of NPs in laboratory-exposed organisms based on the solvatochromic properties of Nile red. The methodology was used to detect the presence of NP and changes in polar lipid contents in Hydra attenuata exposed to polystyrene NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Gagné
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Joëlle Auclair
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brian Quinn
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland, PA1 2BE, UK
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179
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Manna B, Nandi A, Ghosh R. Energy transfer-mediated white light emission from Nile red-doped 9,10-diphenylanthracene nanoaggregates upon excitation with near UV light. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2748-2758. [PMID: 31593198 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00272c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The low cost, ease of preparation, colour tunability and wide application range garnered huge research interest on organic light emitting diode materials (OLED). The development of white light-emitting organic diode materials is mostly targeted for this. Anthracene derivatives have recently emerged as low-cost and efficient blue light-emitting diodes. However, developing efficient organic diode materials that cover the entire visible spectrum is very challenging. Herein, we demonstrated that Nile red (NR)-doped 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) nanoaggregates provided strong white light emission upon excitation with near UV light. The dual emissions of the DPA nanoaggregates covering the blue and green regions were exploited and combined with the controlled red emission of the properly doped NR dye to cover the full visible spectrum, rendering white light emission with a quantum yield of >0.4. The fluorescence spectra of the DPA nanoaggregates doped with NR at various concentrations were monitored and their CIE coordinates were followed to evaluate the proper doping ratio for equal-energy white-light emission. Concurrent time-resolved emission studies provided mechanistic insights into the energy transfer from the exciton and excimer states of DPA to NR. It was revealed that the energy transfer from the singlet excitonic state of DPA followed the diffusion-assisted resonance energy transfer (RET) model. On the other hand, the excimer state showed negligible diffusion and energy transfer from this state found to follow the single-step Förster resonance energy transfer mechanism. The observation of efficient white light emission in the doped DPA nanoaggregates was proposed to have prospective applications in OLED devices, given the fact that triplet excitons may be exploited for emission through the efficient triplet-triplet annihilation contribution to fluorescence enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Manna
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India.
| | - Amitabha Nandi
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India. and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai-400 094, India
| | - Rajib Ghosh
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India.
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180
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Eisermann I, Weihmann F, Krijger JJ, Kröling C, Hause G, Menzel M, Pienkny S, Kiesow A, Deising HB, Wirsel SGR. Two genes in a pathogenicity gene cluster encoding secreted proteins are required for appressorial penetration and infection of the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:4773-4791. [PMID: 31599055 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To avoid pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition, the hemibiotrophic maize pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola secretes proteins mediating the establishment of biotrophy. Targeted deletion of 26 individual candidate genes and seven gene clusters comprising 32 genes of C. graminicola identified a pathogenicity cluster (CLU5) of five co-linear genes, all of which, with the exception of CLU5b, encode secreted proteins. Targeted deletion of all genes of CLU5 revealed that CLU5a and CLU5d are required for full appressorial penetration competence, with virulence deficiencies independent of the host genotype and organ inoculated. Cytorrhysis experiments and microscopy showed that Δclu5a mutants form pressurized appressoria, but they are hampered in forming penetration pores and fail to differentiate a penetration peg. Whereas Δclu5d mutants elicited WT-like papillae, albeit at increased frequencies, papillae induced by Δclu5a mutants were much smaller than those elicited by the WT. Synteny of CLU5 is not only conserved in Colletotrichum spp. but also in additional species of Sordariomycetes including insect pathogens and saprophytes suggesting importance of CLU5 for fungal biology. Since CLU5a and CLU5d also occur in non-pathogenic fungi and since they are expressed prior to plant invasion and even in vegetative hyphae, the encoded proteins probably do not act primarily as effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Eisermann
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät III, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Fabian Weihmann
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät III, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jorrit-Jan Krijger
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät III, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Kröling
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät III, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie, Abteilung Obst-, Gemüse- und Weinbau, August-Böckstiegel-Str. 1, D-01326, Dresden-Pillnitz, Germany
| | - Gerd Hause
- Biozentrum der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Menzel
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Mikrostruktur von Werkstoffen und Systemen, Biologische und makromolekulare Materialien, Walter-Hülse-Str. 1, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Silke Pienkny
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andreas Kiesow
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Mikrostruktur von Werkstoffen und Systemen, Biologische und makromolekulare Materialien, Walter-Hülse-Str. 1, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Holger B Deising
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät III, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan G R Wirsel
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät III, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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181
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Pawar PP, Odaneth AA, Vadgama RN, Lali AM. Simultaneous lipid biosynthesis and recovery for oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:237. [PMID: 31624499 PMCID: PMC6781333 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent trends in bioprocessing have underlined the significance of lignocellulosic biomass conversions for biofuel production. These conversions demand at least 90% energy upgradation of cellulosic sugars to generate renewable drop-in biofuel precursors (Heff/C ~ 2). Chemical methods fail to achieve this without substantial loss of carbon; whereas, oleaginous biological systems propose a greener upgradation route by producing oil from sugars with 30% theoretical yields. However, these oleaginous systems cannot compete with the commercial volumes of vegetable oils in terms of overall oil yields and productivities. One of the significant challenges in the commercial exploitation of these microbial oils lies in the inefficient recovery of the produced oil. This issue has been addressed using highly selective oil capturing agents (OCA), which allow a concomitant microbial oil production and in situ oil recovery process. RESULTS Adsorbent-based oil capturing agents were employed for simultaneous in situ oil recovery in the fermentative production broths. Yarrowia lipolytica, a model oleaginous yeast, was milked incessantly for oil production over 380 h in a media comprising of glucose as a sole carbon and nutrient source. This was achieved by continuous online capture of extracellular oil from the aqueous media and also the cell surface, by fluidizing the fermentation broth over an adsorbent bed of oil capturing agents (OCA). A consistent oil yield of 0.33 g per g of glucose consumed, corresponding to theoretical oil yield over glucose, was achieved using this approach. While the incorporation of the OCA increased the oil content up to 89% with complete substrate consumptions, it also caused an overall process integration. CONCLUSION The nondisruptive oil capture mediated by an OCA helped in accomplishing a trade-off between microbial oil production and its recovery. This strategy helped in realizing theoretically efficient sugar-to-oil bioconversions in a continuous production process. The process, therefore, endorses a sustainable production of molecular drop-in equivalents through oleaginous yeasts, representing as an absolute microbial oil factory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Prashant Pawar
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019 India
| | - Annamma Anil Odaneth
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019 India
| | - Rajeshkumar Natwarlal Vadgama
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019 India
| | - Arvind Mallinath Lali
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019 India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019 India
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182
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Kim I, Bang WY, Park WH, Han EH, Lee E. Photo-crosslinkable elastomeric protein-derived supramolecular peptide hydrogel with controlled therapeutic CO-release. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:17327-17333. [PMID: 31517371 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06115k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As an attempt to establish a method for efficient and safe administration of therapeutic carbon monoxide (CO) to the human body, supramolecular nanoplatforms incorporated with CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) have recently been developed. In particular, hydrogel scaffolds have attracted considerable attention due to the possibility of site-specific and controlled liberation of CO. However, it would be greatly beneficial to enhance the mechanical strength of hydrogels to widen their applicability in biomedical, pharmaceutical, and surgical sectors. Herein, we report a visible light-mediated crosslinkable supramolecular CO-releasing hydrogel (CORH), based on the fibrillar assembly of elastomeric protein-derived tyrosine-containing short peptides. A photo-driven dimerization of tyrosine moieties located on the fibrillar surface of CORH, accelerated by a Ru-based catalyst, results in the entanglement and bundling of nanofibrils that significantly increases the mechanical strength and stability of the CORH, which allows prolonged CO-liberation through limiting the contact of CORMs with water molecules. The contact probability of a CORM with water determined by the spatial position of the CORM on the fibrils containing a crosslinkable tyrosine moiety that affects CO-releasing behavior was confirmed by adjusting the CORM position closer to or farther from the tyrosine in the peptide sequence. A bulky CORM closely located to the tyrosine in a peptide inhibited the effective dityrosine formation of tyrosine on the fibril surface, resulting in loose bundling of nanofibrils in the CORH and facilitating the release of CO through the exchange with water. The photo-crosslinked CORH demonstrated a potent cytoprotective effect on oxidatively stressed cardiomyocytes, as expected. This work could provide a useful insight for the practical application of gasotransmitters as functional nanomaterials in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inhye Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Young Bang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Ho Park
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile Engineering System, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Han
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunji Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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183
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Whittle EE, Legood SW, Alav I, Dulyayangkul P, Overton TW, Blair JMA. Flow Cytometric Analysis of Efflux by Dye Accumulation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2319. [PMID: 31636625 PMCID: PMC6787898 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative infections are increasingly difficult to treat because of their impermeable outer membranes (OM) and efflux pumps which maintain a low intracellular accumulation of antibiotics within cells. Historically, measurement of accumulation of drugs or dyes within Gram-negative cells has concentrated on analyzing whole bacterial populations. Here, we have developed a method to measure the intracellular accumulation of ethidium bromide, a fluorescent DNA intercalating dye, in single cells using flow cytometry. Bacterial cells were stained with SYTOTM 84 to easily separate cells from background cell debris. Ethidium bromide fluorescence was then measured within the SYTOTM 84 positive population to measure accumulation. In S. Typhimurium SL1344, ethidium bromide accumulation was low, however, in a number of efflux mutants, accumulation of ethidium bromide increased more than twofold, comparable to previous whole population analysis of accumulation. We demonstrate simultaneous measurement of ethidium bromide accumulation and GFP allowing quantification of gene expression or other facets of phenotype in single cells. In addition, we show here that this assay can be adapted for use with efflux inhibitors, with both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and with other fluorescent substrates with different fluorescence spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Whittle
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon W Legood
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ilyas Alav
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Punyawee Dulyayangkul
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tim W Overton
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica M A Blair
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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184
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Swain J, El Khoury M, Flament A, Dezanet C, Briée F, Van Der Smissen P, Décout JL, Mingeot-Leclercq MP. Antimicrobial activity of amphiphilic neamine derivatives: Understanding the mechanism of action on Gram-positive bacteria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:182998. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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185
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Delgado E, Valverde-Quiroz L, Lopez D, Cooke P, Valles-Rosales D, Flores N. Characterization of Soluble Glandless Cottonseed Meal Proteins Based on Electrophoresis, Functional Properties, and Microscopic Structure. J Food Sci 2019; 84:2820-2830. [PMID: 31518457 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This investigation aimed to extract and characterize the GCSM proteins, determine their solubility potential at two different temperatures and different solvents, and explore their functional properties. During the extraction, no water- or ethanol-soluble protein was found. Most of the protein was extracted with KOH solution. GCSM showed major protein bands between 13,273 and 56,564 Da with an isoelectric point of 5.1. The results showed that extraction temperature and solvent affected the amount of protein extracted from GCSM. The highest protein yield (63.4%) was obtained with KOH at 55 °C. Fat content negatively affected the protein solubility. The highest protein purity (99.9%) was obtained with 6% of fat content and the lowest one with 19% of fat content. GCSM has a high glutamic acid content, followed by arginine and aspartic acid compared to the other amino acids. The essential amino acids make up about 30.0% of the total amino acid concentration in KOH-soluble fractions. The results showed a denaturation temperature of GCSM protein ranging from 61.4 to 63.6 °C. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a microglobular protein structure. GCSM protein isolate showed lower (P < 0.05) water-holding and oil-holding capacity but similar gelation properties as soy protein. GCSM protein shows a high foaming capacity at high pH values and high emulsion stability. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The results of this investigation have a direct impact on the plant protein processing industry. This paper presents a new source of plant protein with a high foaming capacity in alkaline conditions with potential applications for human consumption and feed for aquaculture and animals. The results of this research may impact the cotton producers who can increase their income, and the aquaculture industry will have a cheaper source of protein that can partially substitute the expensive fishmeal. Cottonseed protein can be used to develop high protein extruded snacks and other functional foods, such as plant protein-based food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efren Delgado
- Dept. of Family and Consumer Sciences, New Mexico State Univ., P. O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM, 88003-8001, U.S.A
| | - Luisa Valverde-Quiroz
- Dept. of Family and Consumer Sciences, New Mexico State Univ., P. O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM, 88003-8001, U.S.A
| | - Denisse Lopez
- Dept. of Family and Consumer Sciences, New Mexico State Univ., P. O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM, 88003-8001, U.S.A
| | - Peter Cooke
- New Mexico State Univ., P. O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM, 88003-8001, U.S.A
| | - Delia Valles-Rosales
- Industrial Engineering, New Mexico State Univ., P. O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM, 88003-8001, U.S.A
| | - Nancy Flores
- Dept. of Family and Consumer Sciences, New Mexico State Univ., P. O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM, 88003-8001, U.S.A
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186
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Rojas-Gutierrez PA, Bekah D, Seuntjens J, DeWolf C, Capobianco JA. Cellular Uptake, Cytotoxicity and Trafficking of Supported Lipid-Bilayer-Coated Lanthanide Upconverting Nanoparticles in Alveolar Lung Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:4527-4536. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola A. Rojas-Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Devesh Bekah
- Medical Physics Unit, Cedars Cancer Centre, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jan Seuntjens
- Medical Physics Unit, Cedars Cancer Centre, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, Canada
| | - Christine DeWolf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - John A. Capobianco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
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187
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Jindal S, Yang L, Day PJ, Kell DB. Involvement of multiple influx and efflux transporters in the accumulation of cationic fluorescent dyes by Escherichia coli. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:195. [PMID: 31438868 PMCID: PMC6704527 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is widely believed that most xenobiotics cross biomembranes by diffusing through the phospholipid bilayer, and that the use of protein transporters is an occasional adjunct. According to an alternative view, phospholipid bilayer transport is negligible, and several different transporters may be involved in the uptake of an individual molecular type. We recognise here that the availability of gene knockout collections allows one to assess the contributions of all potential transporters, and flow cytometry based on fluorescence provides a convenient high-throughput assay for xenobiotic uptake in individual cells. Results We used high-throughput flow cytometry to assess the ability of individual gene knockout strains of E coli to take up two membrane-permeable, cationic fluorescent dyes, namely the carbocyanine diS-C3(5) and the DNA dye SYBR Green. Individual strains showed a large range of distributions of uptake. The range of modal steady-state uptakes for the carbocyanine between the different strains was 36-fold. Knockouts of the ATP synthase α- and β-subunits greatly inhibited uptake, implying that most uptake was ATP-driven rather than being driven by a membrane potential. Dozens of transporters changed the steady-state uptake of the dye by more than 50% with respect to that of the wild type, in either direction (increased or decreased); knockouts of known influx and efflux transporters behaved as expected, giving credence to the general strategy. Many of the knockouts with the most reduced uptake were transporter genes of unknown function (‘y-genes’). Similarly, several overexpression variants in the ‘ASKA’ collection had the anticipated, opposite effects. Similar results were obtained with SYBR Green (the range being approximately 69-fold). Although it too contains a benzothiazole motif there was negligible correlation between its uptake and that of the carbocyanine when compared across the various strains (although the membrane potential is presumably the same in each case). Conclusions Overall, we conclude that the uptake of these dyes may be catalysed by a great many transporters of putatively broad and presently unknown specificity, and that the very large range between the ‘lowest’ and the ‘highest’ levels of uptake, even in knockouts of just single genes, implies strongly that phospholipid bilayer transport is indeed negligible. This work also casts serious doubt upon the use of such dyes as quantitative stains for representing either bioenergetic parameters or the amount of cellular DNA in unfixed cells (in vivo). By contrast, it opens up their potential use as transporter assay substrates in high-throughput screening. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1561-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijan Jindal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Lei Yang
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Philip J Day
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Douglas B Kell
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK. .,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark. .,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
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188
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Kurtz SL, Lawson LB. Nanoemulsions Enhance in vitro Transpapillary Diffusion of Model Fluorescent Dye Nile Red. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11810. [PMID: 31413320 PMCID: PMC6694173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While the feasibility of transpapillary drug delivery has previously been established, localized transport via the mammary ducts may be improved with tailored drug delivery formulations. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of nanoemulsion encapsulation on transpapillary delivery in vitro. Nanoemulsion formulations composed of isopropyl myristate and Tween 80 encapsulating a fluorescent dye were applied topically on porcine nipples using a Franz diffusion cell. A combination of dye extraction and fluorescence image analysis was used to quantify the total amount of dye retained within the nipple and to characterize the penetration routes. After diffusion for 6 hours, the amount of dye deposited in the nipple was proportional to the formulation’s water concentration. The 90% water formulation deposited significantly more dye via both the stratum corneum and mammary ducts, while the 80% and 70% water formulations moderately increased ductal penetration, but minimally altered stratum corneum penetration as compared to the control solution. Similar trends were found after diffusion for 48 hours; however, the overall impact was diminished, likely due to the nanoemulsion’s topical instability. This study indicates that drug delivery vehicles, nanoemulsions specifically, enhance delivery of encapsulated molecules via the stratum corneum and mammary ducts in a formulation-dependent basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Kurtz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Bioinnovation Ph.D. Program, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Louise B Lawson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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189
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Santana-Codina N, Marcé-Grau A, Muixí L, Nieva C, Marro M, Sebastián D, Muñoz JP, Zorzano A, Sierra A. GRP94 Is Involved in the Lipid Phenotype of Brain Metastatic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163883. [PMID: 31395819 PMCID: PMC6720951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic adaptation may happen in response to the pressure exerted by the microenvironment and is a key step in survival of metastatic cells. Brain metastasis occurs as a consequence of the systemic dissemination of tumor cells, a fact that correlates with poor prognosis and high morbidity due to the difficulty in identifying biomarkers that allow a more targeted therapy. Previously, we performed transcriptomic analysis of human breast cancer patient samples and evaluated the differential expression of genes in brain metastasis (BrM) compared to lung, bone and liver metastasis. Our network approach identified upregulation of glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) as well as proteins related to synthesis of fatty acids (FA) in BrM. Here we report that BrM cells show an increase in FA content and decreased saturation with regard to parental cells measured by Raman spectroscopy that differentiate BrM from other metastases. Moreover, BrM cells exerted a high ability to oxidize FA and compensate hypoglycemic stress due to an overexpression of proteins involved in FA synthesis and degradation (SREBP-1, LXRα, ACOT7). GRP94 ablation restored glucose dependence, down-regulated ACOT7 and SREBP-1 and decreased tumorigenicity in vivo. In conclusion, GRP94 is required for the metabolic stress survival of BrM cells, and it might act as a modulator of lipid metabolism to favor BrM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Santana-Codina
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, E-08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallés, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Marcé-Grau
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, E-08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Muixí
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, E-08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Nieva
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, E-08908 Barcelona, Spain
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Marro
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sebastián
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Muñoz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angels Sierra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX-CRBC-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-IDIBAPS, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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190
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Yan R, Wang B, Xu K. Functional super-resolution microscopy of the cell. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 51:92-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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191
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Mondal P, Chowdhury R, Nandi S, Amin MA, Bhattacharyya K, Ghosh S. Probing Deviation of Adhered Membrane Dynamics between Reconstituted Liposome and Cellular System. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4616-4624. [PMID: 31210021 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of cell-cell adhesion are complicated due to complexities in cellular interactions and intra-membrane interactions. In the present work, we have reconstituted a liposome-based model system to mimic the cell-cell adhesion process. Our model liposome system consists of one fluorescein-tagged and one TRITC (tetramethyl-rhodamine isothiocyanate)-tagged liposome, adhered through biotin-neutravidin interaction. We monitored the adhesion process in liposomes using Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between fluorescein (donor) and TRITC (acceptor). Occurrence of FRET is confirmed by the decrease in donor lifetime as well as distinct rise time of the acceptor fluorescence. Interestingly, the acceptor's emission exhibits fluctuations in the range of ≈3±1 s. This may be attributed to structural oscillations associated in two adhered liposomes arising from the flexible nature of biotin-neutravidin interaction. We have compared the dynamics in a cell-mimicking liposome system with that in an in vitro live cell system. In the adhered live cell system, we used CPM (7-diethylamino-3-(4-maleimido-phenyl)-4-methylcoumarin, donor) and nile red (acceptor), which are known to stain the membrane of CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells. The dynamics of the adhered membranes of two live CHO cells were observed through FRET between CPM and nile red. The acceptor fluorescence intensity exhibits an oscillation in the time-scale of ≈1±0.75 s, which is faster compared to the reconstituted liposome system, indicating the contributions and involvement of multiple dynamic protein complexes around the cell membrane. This study offers simple reconstituted model systems to understand the complex membrane dynamics using a FRET-based physical chemistry approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Mondal
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata-, 700032, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-, 201002, India
| | - Rajdeep Chowdhury
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-, 700032, India.,Present Address: Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Somen Nandi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-, 700032, India
| | - Md Asif Amin
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-, 700032, India
| | | | - Surajit Ghosh
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata-, 700032, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-, 201002, India
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192
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Upmanyu N, Dietze R, Bulldan A, Scheiner-Bobis G. Cardiotonic steroid ouabain stimulates steroidogenesis in Leydig cells via the α3 isoform of the sodium pump. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 191:105372. [PMID: 31042565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids such as ouabain are potent inhibitors of the sodium pump and have been widely used for centuries in the treatment of congestive heart failure. In recent decades, however, they have also been identified as hormone-like molecules that trigger signaling cascades of physiological relevance by using the various sodium pump α subunit isoforms as receptors. The murine Leydig cell line MLTC-1 expresses both the ubiquitous, relatively ouabain-insensitive α1 isoform of the sodium pump and the ouabain-sensitive α3 isoform that is normally found in neuronal cells. The physiological relevance of the simultaneous presence of the two isoforms in Leydig cells has not been previously addressed. MLTC-1 Leydig cells contain lipid droplets (LDs) and are capable of progesterone biosynthesis when stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH). When exposed to low nanomolar concentrations of ouabain, they respond with stimulation of Erk1/2, CREB, and ATF-1 phosphorylation, LD enlargement, and perilipin2 mobilization to the LDs. As a result, progesterone biosynthesis is augmented. Abrogation of α3 isoform expression by siRNA prevents all of the above responses, indicating that it is the hormone/receptor-like interaction of ouabain exclusively with this isoform that triggers the signaling events that normally occur when LH binds to its receptor. Considering that ouabain is produced endogenously and is found in seminal fluid, one can speculate that effects of this substance on germ and somatic cells of the testis might play a role in male reproductive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Upmanyu
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie und -Biochemie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Raimund Dietze
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie und -Biochemie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ahmed Bulldan
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie und -Biochemie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Georgios Scheiner-Bobis
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie und -Biochemie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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193
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Li Y, Zhang M, Chen X, Liang J, Chen D, Gao M, Ren L. TICT based fluorescent probe with excellent photostability for real-time and long-term imaging of lipid droplets. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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194
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Characterization of Nile Red as a Tracer for Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Gasoline and Kerosene and Their Mixture with Biofuels. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19122822. [PMID: 31238590 PMCID: PMC6631788 DOI: 10.3390/s19122822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Suitable fluorescence tracers (“dyes”) are needed for the planar measurement of droplet sizes by using a combination of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and Mie scattering. Currently, no suitable tracers have been characterized for application in planar droplet sizing in gasoline and kerosene fuels, as well as biofuel blends. One promising tracer is nile red, which belongs to the fluorophore group. For its utilization for droplet size measurements, preliminary characterization of the fluorescence of the respective fuel tracer mixtures are mandatory. For this purpose, the fluorescence and absorption behavior of nile red dissolved in the surrogate fuels Toliso and Jet A-1 as well as in biofuel blends was investigated. The fluorescence signal for nile red that was dissolved in the two base fuels Toliso and Jet A-1 showed a linear behavior as a function of dye concentration. The temperature effect on spectral absorption and emission of nile red was investigated in a specially designed test cell. An ethanol admixture to Toliso led to a spectral shift towards higher wavelengths. The absorption and emission bands were shifted towards lower wavelengths with increasing temperature for all fuels. Both absorption and fluorescence decreased with increasing temperature for all fuels, except for E20, which showed an increased fluorescence signal with increasing temperature. Jet A-1 and its blends with hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) and farnesane did not exhibit explicit variations in spectral absorption or emission, but these blends showed a more distinct temperature dependence compared to the Toliso-ethanol-blends. The effect of photo-dissociation of the LIF signal of the fuel tracer mixtures was studied, and all fuel mixtures besides Toliso showed a more or less distinct decay in the fluorescence signal with time. In summary, all investigated fuel-tracer mixtures are suitable for LIF/Mie ratio droplet sizing in combination with nile red at moderate temperatures and low evaporation cooling rates.
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195
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French KE, Terry N. A High-Throughput Fluorescence-Based Assay for Rapid Identification of Petroleum-Degrading Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1318. [PMID: 31275261 PMCID: PMC6594354 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 100 years, oil spills and long-term waste deposition from oil refineries have significantly polluted the environment. These contaminants have widespread negative effects on human health and ecosystem functioning. Natural attenuation of long chain and polyaromatic hydrocarbons is slow and often incomplete. Bioaugmentation of polluted soils with indigenous bacteria that naturally consume petroleum hydrocarbons could speed up this process. However, the characterization of bacterial crude oil degradation efficiency – which often relies upon expensive, highly specialized gas-chromatography mass spectrometry analyses – can present a substantial bottleneck in developing and implementing these bioremediation strategies. Here, we develop a low-cost, rapid, high-throughput fluorescence-based assay for identifying wild-type bacteria that degrade crude oil using the dye Nile Red. We show that Nile Red fluoresces when in contact with crude oil and developed a robust linear model to calculate crude oil content in liquid cell cultures based on fluorescence intensity (FI). To test whether this assay could identify bacteria with enhanced metabolic capacities to break down crude oil, we screened bacteria isolated from a former Shell Oil refinery in Bay Point, CA, and identified one strain (Cupriavidus sp. OPK) with superior crude oil depletion efficiencies (up to 83%) in only 3 days. We further illustrate that this assay can be combined with fluorescence microscopy to study how bacteria interact with crude oil and the strategies they use to degrade this complex substance. We show for the first time that bacteria use three key strategies for degrading crude oil: biofilm formation, direct adherence to oil droplets, and vesicle encapsulation of oil. We propose that the quantitative and qualitative data from this assay can be used to develop new bioremediation strategies based on bioaugmentation and/or biomimetic materials that imitate the natural ability of bacteria to degrade crude oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E French
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Norman Terry
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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196
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Putti M, Stassen OMJA, Schotman MJG, Sahlgren CM, Dankers PYW. Influence of the Assembly State on the Functionality of a Supramolecular Jagged1-Mimicking Peptide Additive. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:8178-8187. [PMID: 31172036 PMCID: PMC6545632 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Expanding the bioactivation toolbox of supramolecular materials is of utmost relevance for their broad applicability in regenerative medicines. This study explores the functionality of a peptide mimic of the Notch ligand Jagged1 in a supramolecular system that is based on hydrogen bonding ureido-pyrimidinone (UPy) units. The functionality of the peptide is studied when formulated as an additive in a supramolecular solid material and as a self-assembled system in solution. UPy conjugation of the DSLJAG1 peptide sequence allows for the supramolecular functionalization of UPy-modified polycaprolactone, an elastomeric material, with UPy-DSLJAG1. Surface presentation of the UPy-DSLJAG1 peptide was confirmed by atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses, but no enhancement of Notch activity was detected in cells presenting Notch1 and Notch3 receptors. Nevertheless, a significant increase in Notch-signaling activity was observed when DSLJAG1 peptides were administered in the soluble form, indicating that the activity of DSLJAG1 is preserved after UPy functionalization but not after immobilization on a supramolecular solid material. Interestingly, an enhanced activity in solution of the UPy conjugate was detected compared with the unconjugated DSLJAG1 peptide, suggesting that the self-assembly of supramolecular aggregates in solution ameliorates the functionality of the molecules in a biological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Putti
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory for Chemical Biology, and Laboratory for
Cell and Tissue Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar M. J. A. Stassen
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory for Chemical Biology, and Laboratory for
Cell and Tissue Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike J. G. Schotman
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory for Chemical Biology, and Laboratory for
Cell and Tissue Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia M. Sahlgren
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory for Chemical Biology, and Laboratory for
Cell and Tissue Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
- Faculty
for Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20500, Finland
- Turku
Centre for Biotechnology, University of
Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Patricia Y. W. Dankers
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory for Chemical Biology, and Laboratory for
Cell and Tissue Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
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197
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Smith RA, Walker RC, Levit SL, Tang C. Single-Step Self-Assembly and Physical Crosslinking of PEGylated Chitosan Nanoparticles by Tannic Acid. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E749. [PMID: 31035564 PMCID: PMC6572363 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan-based nanoparticles are promising materials for potential biomedical applications. We used Flash NanoPrecipitation as a rapid, scalable, single-step method to achieve self-assembly of crosslinked chitosan nanoparticles. Self-assembly was driven by electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions; tannic acid served to precipitate chitosan to seed nanoparticle formation and crosslink the chitosan to stabilize the resulting particles. The size of the nanoparticles can be tuned by varying formulation parameters including the total solids concentration and block copolymer to core mass ratio. We demonstrated that hydrophobic moieties can be incorporated into the nanoparticle using a lipophilic fluorescent dye as a model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raven A Smith
- Chemical and Life Science Engineering Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-3028, USA.
| | - Rebecca C Walker
- Chemical and Life Science Engineering Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-3028, USA.
| | - Shani L Levit
- Chemical and Life Science Engineering Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-3028, USA.
| | - Christina Tang
- Chemical and Life Science Engineering Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-3028, USA.
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198
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Ahmad O, Wang B, Ma K, Deng Y, Li M, Yang L, Yang Y, Zhao J, Cheng L, Zhou Q, Shang J. Lipid Modulating Anti-oxidant Stress Activity of Gastrodin on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Larval Zebrafish Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1984. [PMID: 31018538 PMCID: PMC6515101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world. However, there are still no drugs for NAFLD/NASH in the market. Gastrodin (GAS) is a bioactive compound that is extracted from Gastrodia elata, which is used as an active compound on nervous system diseases. Recent reports showed that GAS and Gastrodia elata possess anti-oxidant activity and lipid regulating effects, which makes us curious to reveal the anti-NAFLD effect of GAS. A high cholesterol diet (HCD) was used to induce a NAFLD larval zebrafish model, and the lipid regulation and anti-oxidant effects were tested on the model. Furthermore, qRT-PCR studied the underlying mechanism of GAS. To conclude, this study revealed a lipid regulation and anti-oxidant insights of GAS on NAFLD larval zebrafish model and provided a potential therapeutic compound for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owais Ahmad
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Kejian Ma
- The Institution of Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medical, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Maoru Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Liping Yang
- The Institution of Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medical, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Yuqi Yang
- The Institution of Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medical, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Jingyun Zhao
- The Institution of Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medical, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Lijun Cheng
- Zhao Tong University, Zhaotong 657000, China.
| | - Qinyang Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Jing Shang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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199
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Peters-Didier J, Sewell MA. The role of the hyaline spheres in sea cucumber metamorphosis: lipid storage via transport cells in the blastocoel. EvoDevo 2019; 10:8. [PMID: 31007889 PMCID: PMC6458721 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-019-0119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background For echinoderms with feeding larvae, metamorphic and post-settlement success may be highly dependent on larval nutrition and the accumulation of energetic lipids from the diet. In contrast to the sea urchins, starfish and brittle stars within the Phylum Echinodermata, sea cucumber metamorphosis does not involve formation of a juvenile rudiment, but instead there is a rearrangement of the entire larval body. Successful metamorphosis in sea cucumbers is often associated with the presence in the late auricularia stage of an evolutionary novelty, the hyaline spheres (HS), which form in the base of the larval arms. Known since the 1850s the function of these HS has remained enigmatic—suggestions include assistance with flotation, as an organizer for ciliary band formation during metamorphosis and as a nutrient store for metamorphosis. Results Here using multiple methodologies (lipid mapping, resin-section light microscopy, lipid and fatty acid analyses) we show definitively that the HS are used to store neutral lipids that fuel the process of metamorphosis in Australostichopus mollis. Neutral lipids derived from the phytoplankton diet are transported by secondary mesenchyme cells (“lipid transporting cells”, LTC), likely as free fatty acids or lipoproteins, from the walls of the stomach and intestine through the blastocoel to the HS; here, they are converted to triacylglycerol with a higher saturated fatty acid content. During metamorphosis the HS decreased in size as the triacylglycerol was consumed and LTC again transported neutral lipids within the blastocoel. Conclusion The HS in A. mollis functions as a nutrient storage structure that separates lipid stores from the major morphogenic events that occur during the metamorphic transition from auricularia–doliolaria–pentactula (settled juvenile). The discovery of LTC within the blastocoel of sea cucumbers has implications for other invertebrate larvae with a gel-filled blastocoel and for our understanding of lipid use during metamorphosis in marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Peters-Didier
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Mary A Sewell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
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200
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Wang H, Wu Y, Wang N, Yang L, Zhou Y. Effect of water content of high-amylose corn starch and glutinous rice starch combined with lipids on formation of starch–lipid complexes during deep-fat frying. Food Chem 2019; 278:515-522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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