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Chen S, Liu Y, Liang R, Hong G, An J, Peng X, Zheng WH, Song F. Self-assembly of amphiphilic peptides to construct activatable nanophotosensitizers for theranostic photodynamic therapy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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152
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He Z, Gao Y, Zhang H, Xue Y, Meng F, Luo L. Mitochondrion-Anchored Photosensitizer with Near Infrared-I Aggregation-Induced Emission for Near Infrared-II Two-Photon Photodynamic Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101056. [PMID: 34569175 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon photodynamic therapy (2P-PDT) that employs photosensitizers (PSs) with 2P absorption is particularly intriguing in cancer treatment, in that 2P excitation enables precise spatial localization and deep tissue penetration. Here, a donor-π-acceptor PS (named TPBPy) with near infrared (NIR) aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is designed and synthesized for imaging-guided 2P-PDT. The maximal photoluminescence (PL) peak of TPBPy is as high as 720 nm when it is encapsulated in liposomes. Upon 2P irradiation by a laser in NIR-II window (λ = 1000 nm), TPBPy exhibits strong NIR-I PL in a multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) model, showing an imaging depth of 210 µm that is significantly higher than upon one-photon irradiation. Moreover, TPBPy localizes specifically on mitochondrion, an important organelle in cell oxidative metabolism and apoptosis. When exposed to the NIR-II irradiation, TPBPy can efficiently generate singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) and trigger cell death. The efficacy of TPBPy-mediated 2P-PDT has also been validated using 4T1 tumor mouse model, the growth of which is significantly suppressed upon NIR-II laser irradiation. TPBPy herein serves as an excellent candidate to suppress deep tumor tissues through NIR-II 2P-PDT, and also renders a new paradigm to construct mitochondrion-anchored AIE luminogens for future cancer theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyan He
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Yuting Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Geomaterials of the Ministry of Education Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Ying Xue
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Fanling Meng
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Liang Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
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153
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Dandash F, Leger DY, Diab-Assaf M, Sol V, Liagre B. Porphyrin/Chlorin Derivatives as Promising Molecules for Therapy of Colorectal Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:7268. [PMID: 34885849 PMCID: PMC8659284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. The demand for new therapeutic approaches has increased attention paid toward therapies with high targeting efficiency, improved selectivity and few side effects. Porphyrins are powerful molecules with exceptional properties and multifunctional uses, and their special affinity to cancer cells makes them the ligands par excellence for anticancer drugs. Porphyrin derivatives are used as the most important photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is a promising approach for anticancer treatment. Nevertheless, the lack of solubility and selectivity of the large majority of these macrocycles led to the development of different photosensitizer complexes. In addition, targeting agents or nanoparticles were used to increase the efficiency of these macrocycles for PDT applications. On the other hand, gold tetrapyrrolic macrocycles alone showed very interesting chemotherapeutic activity without PDT. In this review, we discuss the most important porphyrin derivatives, alone or associated with other drugs, which have been found effective against CRC, as we describe their modifications and developments through substitutions and delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Dandash
- Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut 21219, Lebanon; (F.D.); (M.D.-A.)
| | - David Y. Leger
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie et Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, 2 Rue du Dr Marcland, CEDEX, 87025 Limoges, France; (D.Y.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut 21219, Lebanon; (F.D.); (M.D.-A.)
| | - Vincent Sol
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie et Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, 2 Rue du Dr Marcland, CEDEX, 87025 Limoges, France; (D.Y.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Bertrand Liagre
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie et Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, 2 Rue du Dr Marcland, CEDEX, 87025 Limoges, France; (D.Y.L.); (V.S.)
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154
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Wang Z, Xu FJ, Yu B. Smart Polymeric Delivery System for Antitumor and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:783354. [PMID: 34805129 PMCID: PMC8599151 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.783354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted tremendous attention in the antitumor and antimicrobial areas. To enhance the water solubility of photosensitizers and facilitate their accumulation in the tumor/infection site, polymeric materials are frequently explored as delivery systems, which are expected to show target and controllable activation of photosensitizers. This review introduces the smart polymeric delivery systems for the PDT of tumor and bacterial infections. In particular, strategies that are tumor/bacteria targeted or activatable by the tumor/bacteria microenvironment such as enzyme/pH/reactive oxygen species (ROS) are summarized. The similarities and differences of polymeric delivery systems in antitumor and antimicrobial PDT are compared. Finally, the potential challenges and perspectives of those polymeric delivery systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Wang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Jian Xu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Bingran Yu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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155
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Kim M, Choi MC, Lee C, Na YJ, Kim SJ. Long-term outcomes of photodynamic therapy for a positive resection margin after conization for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102639. [PMID: 34823035 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive resection margins after conization or loop electrosurgical excision procedure (conization/LEEP) are associated with increased risks of recurrence or residual cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Herein, we investigated the long-term outcomes of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for incomplete excision of CIN3. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 73 patients treated with PDT between 2000 and 2011. Patients who underwent conization/LEEP before PDT within 6 months were included. The primary outcomes were the complete response (CR) rate after 1 year and human papillomavirus (HPV) eradication rate at 6 months after PDT. RESULTS A total of 34 patients with positive resection margins were finally enrolled. The median patient age was 33 years. Carcinoma in situ was diagnosed in 25 patients and CIN3 in 7 patients. The CR rate was 97.1% after 1 year. Except for one case of a persistent disease, there was no recurrence or newly developed disease during the median follow-up of 84 months (range, 12-224 months). The HPV eradication rate of PDT following conization/LEEP after 6 months was 96.9% (31/32). Photosensitivity was identified in five patients and cervical stenosis in one patient. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, PDT could be an effective therapeutic option for patients with a positive resection margin after conization/LEEP for CIN3. It could reduce the residual or recurrence rate of CIN lesions with tolerable adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Migang Kim
- Comprehensive Gynecologic Cancer Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13496, Korea
| | - Min Chul Choi
- Comprehensive Gynecologic Cancer Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13496, Korea.
| | - Chan Lee
- Comprehensive Gynecologic Cancer Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13496, Korea.
| | - Young Jeong Na
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, CHA University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10414, Korea
| | - Seung Jo Kim
- Sangkyungwon Intermed Cancer Hospital, Yeoju-si, Gyeonggi-do 12616, Korea
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156
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Sobhani N, Samadani AA. Implications of photodynamic cancer therapy: an overview of PDT mechanisms basically and practically. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2021; 33:34. [PMID: 34778919 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-021-00093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor eradication is one of the most important challengeable categories in oncological studies. In this account, besides the molecular genetics methods including cell therapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and general cancer therapy procedures like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, photodynamic adjuvant therapy is of great importance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a relatively noninvasive therapeutic method utilizes the irradiation of an appropriate wavelength which is absorbed by a photosensitizing agent in the presence of oxygen. In this procedure, a series of events lead to the direct death of malignant cells such as damage to the microvasculature and also the induction of a local inflammatory function. PDT has participated with other treatment modalities especially in the early stage of malignant tumors and has resulted in decreasing morbidity besides improving survival rate and quality of life. High spatial resolution of PDT has attracted considerable attention in the field of image-guided photodynamic therapy combined with chemotherapy of multidrug resistance cancers. Although PDT outcomes vary across the different tumor types, minimal natural tissue toxicity, minor systemic effects, significant reduction in long-term disease, lack of innate or acquired resistance mechanisms, and excellent cosmetic effects, as well as limb function, make it a valuable treatment option for combination therapies. SHORT CONCLUSION In this review article, we tried to discuss the potential of PDT in the treatment of some dermatologic and solid tumors, particularly all its important mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Sobhani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Healthy Ageing Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran. .,Clinical Research Development Unit of Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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157
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Jin ZY, Fatima H, Zhang Y, Shao Z, Chen XJ. Recent Advances in Bio‐Compatible Oxygen Singlet Generation and Its Tumor Treatment. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325015 P. R. China
| | - Hira Fatima
- Western Australia School of Mines: Minerals Energy and Chemical Engineering (WASM‐MECE) Curtin University Perth Western Australia 6102 Australia
| | - Yue Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325015 P. R. China
| | - Zongping Shao
- Western Australia School of Mines: Minerals Energy and Chemical Engineering (WASM‐MECE) Curtin University Perth Western Australia 6102 Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 211816 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Jian Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325015 P. R. China
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158
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Vital-Fujii DG, Baptista MS. Progress in the photodynamic therapy treatment of Leishmaniasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e11570. [PMID: 34730683 PMCID: PMC8555448 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e11570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a serious and endemic infectious disease that has been reported in more than 90 countries and territories. The classical treatment presents a series of problems ranging from difficulty in administration, development of resistance, and a series of side effects. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has already shown great potential for use as a treatment for leishmaniasis that is effective and non-invasive, with very minor side effects. PDT can also be inexpensive and easy to administer. In this review, we will report the most recent developments in the field, starting with the chemical diversity of photosensitizers, highlighting important mechanistic aspects, and noting information that may assist in designing and developing new and promising photosensitizer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Vital-Fujii
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M S Baptista
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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159
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Kantekin H, Yalazan H, Barut B, Güngör Ö, Ünlüer D, Demirbaş Ü, Özel A, Durmuş M. Dual-purpose both peripheral and non-peripheral triazole substituted ZnII, MgII and PbII phthalocyanines: Synthesis, characterization, photophysicochemical and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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160
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Chu H, Cao T, Dai G, Liu B, Duan H, Kong C, Tian N, Hou D, Sun Z. Recent advances in functionalized upconversion nanoparticles for light-activated tumor therapy. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35472-35488. [PMID: 35493151 PMCID: PMC9043211 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05638g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are a class of optical nanocrystals doped with lanthanide ions that offer great promise for applications in controllable tumor therapy. In recent years, UCNPs have become an important tool for studying the treatment of various malignant and nonmalignant cutaneous diseases. UCNPs convert near-infrared (NIR) radiation into shorter-wavelength visible and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which is much better than conventional UV activated tumor therapy as strong UV-light can be damaging to healthy surrounding tissue. Moreover, UV light generally does not penetrate deeply into the skin, an issue that UCNPs can now address. However, the current studies are still in the early stage of research, with a long way to go before clinical implementation. In this paper, we systematically analysed recent advances in light-activated tumor therapy using functionalized UCNPs. We summarized the purpose and mechanism of UCNP-based photodynamic therapy (PDT), gene therapy, immunotherapy, chemo-therapy and integrated therapy. We believe the creation of functional materials based on UCNPs will offer superior performance and enable innovative applications, increasing the scope and opportunities for cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqian Chu
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 101149 PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute Beijing 101149 PR China
| | - Tingming Cao
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 101149 PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute Beijing 101149 PR China
| | - Guangming Dai
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 101149 PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute Beijing 101149 PR China
| | - Bei Liu
- School of Science, Minzu University of China Beijing 100081 PR China
| | - Huijuan Duan
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 101149 PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute Beijing 101149 PR China
| | - Chengcheng Kong
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 101149 PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute Beijing 101149 PR China
| | - Na Tian
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 101149 PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute Beijing 101149 PR China
| | - Dailun Hou
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 101149 PR China
| | - Zhaogang Sun
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 101149 PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute Beijing 101149 PR China
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161
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Xue EY, Shi WJ, Fong WP, Ng DKP. Targeted Delivery and Site-Specific Activation of β-Cyclodextrin-Conjugated Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy through a Supramolecular Bio-orthogonal Approach. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15461-15476. [PMID: 34662121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of photosensitizers using hydrophilic and tumor-directing carriers and site-specific activation of their photocytotoxicity are two common strategies to enhance the specificity of anticancer photodynamic therapy. We report herein a novel supramolecular bio-orthogonal approach to integrate these two functions. A β-cyclodextrin-substituted aza-boron-dipyrromethene-based photosensitizer was first complexed with a ferrocene-substituted black-hole quencher to inhibit its photosensitizing ability. Upon encountering the adamantane moieties that had been delivered to target cancer cells through specific binding of the conjugated peptide to the overexpressed epidermal growth factor receptor, the ferrocene-based guest species were displaced due to the stronger binding interactions between β-cyclodextrin and adamantane, thereby restoring the photodynamic activity of the photosensitizer. Hence, this two-step process enabled targeted delivery and site-specific activation of the photosensitizer, as demonstrated through a series of experiments in aqueous media, in a range of cancer cell lines and in tumor-bearing nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Y Xue
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen-Jing Shi
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Ping Fong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Dennis K P Ng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
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162
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Liu W, Zhang J, Ding L, Ni W, Yuan J, Xiao H, Zhang J. RBC-derived nanosystem with enhanced ferroptosis triggered by oxygen-boosted phototherapy for synergized tumor treatment. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7228-7236. [PMID: 34585181 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00175b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic and ferroptosis therapies for cancer treatment are restricted by the scarcity of oxygen and Fe in cancer cells, and the complicated structure of delivery systems. Herein, a red blood cell-derived vehicle (RDV) inherently enriched with hemoglobin co-delivers a photosensitizer, Ce6, and a ferroptosis promoter, sorafenib (SRF) into cancer cells for boosting oxygen and providing iron, which leads to enhanced PDT and stronger ferroptosis therapy. Damage to the RDV membrane under local irradation leads to SRF release at the tumor site for tumor-targeted therapy. The lipid membrane of the RDV could also improve the drug delivery efficiency in vitro and in vivo. The novel nanosystem exhibited enhanced tumor killing efficacy and improved safety compared with traditional PDT and ferroptosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus/Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China.
| | - Jieyuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus/Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China.
| | - Weifeng Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus/Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China.
| | - Junjie Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus/Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China.
| | - Haijun Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital/Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, China.
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus/Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China.
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163
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Aru B, Günay A, Demirel GY, Gürek AG, Atilla D. Evaluation of histone deacetylase inhibitor substituted zinc and indium phthalocyanines for chemo- and photodynamic therapy. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34963-34978. [PMID: 35494743 PMCID: PMC9042886 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05404j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized and characterized 3-hydroxypyridin-2-thione (3-HPT) bearing zinc (ZnPc-1 and ZnPc-2) and indium (InPc-1 and InPc-2) phthalocyanine (Pc) derivatives, either non-peripherally or peripherally substituted as photosensitizer (PS) agents and evaluated their anti-cancer efficacy on two breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 as well as a human endothelial cell line, HUVEC. Our results indicated different localization patterns between ZnPcs and InPcs in addition to enhanced effects on the mitochondrial network for InPcs. Moreover, peripheral or non-peripheral substitution of HDACi moieties altered cellular localization between ZnPc-1 and ZnPc-2, leading to increased IC50 values along with decreased anti-cancer activity for non-peripheral substitution. When considering the compounds' differential effects in vitro, our data indicates that further research is required to determine the ideal Pcs for anti-cancer PDT treatments since the core metals of the compounds have affected the cellular localization, and positioning of the chemotherapeutic residues may inhibit cellular penetrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Başak Aru
- Faculty of Medicine, Immunology Department, Yeditepe University 34755 Ataşehir İstanbul Turkey
| | - Aysel Günay
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University 41400 Gebze Kocaeli Turkey
| | | | - Ayşe Gül Gürek
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University 41400 Gebze Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Devrim Atilla
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University 41400 Gebze Kocaeli Turkey
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164
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Matlou GG, Abrahamse H. Hybrid Inorganic-Organic Core-Shell Nanodrug Systems in Targeted Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1773. [PMID: 34834188 PMCID: PMC8625656 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid inorganic-organic core-shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) are an emerging paradigm of nanodrug carriers in the targeted photodynamic therapy (TPDT) of cancer. Typically, metallic cores and organic polymer shells are used due to their submicron sizes and high surface to volume ratio of the metallic nanoparticles (NPs), combined with enhances solubility, stability, and absorption sites of the organic polymer shell. As such, the high loading capacity of therapeutic agents such as cancer specific ligands and photosensitizer (PS) agents is achieved with desired colloidal stability, drug circulation, and subcellular localization of the PS agents at the cancer site. This review highlights the synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and applications of hybrid inorganic-organic CSNPs as loading platforms of therapeutic agents for use in TPDT. In addition, cell death pathways and the mechanisms of action that hybrid inorganic-organic core-shell nanodrug systems follow in TPDT are also reviewed. Nanodrug systems with cancer specific properties are able to localize within the solid tumor through the enhanced permeability effect (EPR) and bind with affinity to receptors on the cancer cell surfaces, thus improving the efficacy of short-lived cytotoxic singlet oxygen. This ability by nanodrug systems together with their mechanism of action during cell death forms the core basis of this review and will be discussed with an overview of successful strategies that have been reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa;
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165
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Sowa A, Höing A, Dobrindt U, Knauer SK, Galstyan A, Voskuhl J. Umbelliferone Decorated Water-soluble Zinc(II) Phthalocyanines - In Vitro Phototoxic Antimicrobial Anti-cancer Agents. Chemistry 2021; 27:14672-14680. [PMID: 34324228 PMCID: PMC8596868 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution we report on the synthesis, characterization and application of water-soluble zinc(II) phthalocyanines, which are decorated with four or eight umbelliferone moieties for photodynamic therapy (PDT). These compounds are linked peripherally to zinc(II) phthalocyanine by a triethylene glycol linker attached to pyridines, leading to cationic pyridinium units, able to increase the water solubility of the system. Beside their photophysical properties they were analyzed concerning their cellular distribution in human hepatocyte carcinoma (HepG2) cells as well as their phototoxicity towards HepG2 cells, Gram-positive (S. aureus strain 3150/12 and B. subtilis strain DB104) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli strain UTI89 and E. coli strain Nissle 1917). At low light doses and concentrations, they exhibit superb antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria as well as anti-tumor activity against HepG2. They are even capable to inactivate Gram-negative bacteria, whereas the dark toxicity remains low. These unique water-soluble compounds can be regarded as all-in-one type photosensitizers with broad applications ranges in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sowa
- Institute of Chemistry (Organic chemistry)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstraße 745117EssenGermany
| | - Alexander Höing
- Department of Molecular Biology II Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstrasse 545117EssenGermany
| | - Ulrich Dobrindt
- Institute of HygieneWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterMendelstraße 748149MünsterGermany
| | - Shirley K. Knauer
- Department of Molecular Biology II Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstrasse 545117EssenGermany
| | - Anzhela Galstyan
- Center for Soft NanoscienceWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterBusso-Peus-Straße 1048149MünsterGermany
| | - Jens Voskuhl
- Institute of Chemistry (Organic chemistry)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstraße 745117EssenGermany
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166
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Could Photodynamic Therapy Be a Promising Therapeutic Modality in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients? A Critical Review of Experimental and Clinical Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205176. [PMID: 34680325 PMCID: PMC8534013 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. With a limited number of therapeutic options available and a lack of effective anti-tumoral immune responses by the therapies, there is a dire need to search for new translational treatment options. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), in recent years, has proven itself as an effective anti-cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of PDT, its evolution as an anti-cancer modality, with a special focus on HCC. We also highlight the immune response generated by PDT and how it could be essential in HCC treatment. Finally, we proposed an intraoperative procedure for the treatment of HCC by combining hepatectomy with PDT. Abstract Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) relies on local or systemic administration of a light-sensitive dye, called photosensitizer, to accumulate into the target site followed by excitation with light of appropriate wavelength and fluence. This photo-activated molecule reacts with the intracellular oxygen to induce selective cytotoxicity of targeted cells by the generation of reactive oxygen species. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality worldwide, has insufficient treatment options available. In this review, we discuss the mechanism and merits of PDT along with its recent developments as an anti-cancerous therapy. We also highlight the application of this novel therapy for diagnosis, visualization, and treatment of HCC. We examine the underlying challenges, some pre-clinical and clinical studies, and possibilities of future studies associated with PDT. Finally, we discuss the mechanism of an active immune response by PDT and thereafter explored the role of PDT in the generation of anti-tumor immune response in the context of HCC, with an emphasis on checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy. The objective of this review is to propose PDT as a plausible adjuvant to existing therapies for HCC, highlighting a feasible combinatorial approach for HCC treatment.
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Wang J, Wang K, Liang J, Jin J, Wang X, Yan S. Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles-mediated co-delivery of MTHFD1L shRNA and 5-aminolevulinic acid for combination photodynamic-gene therapy in oral cancer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102581. [PMID: 34648994 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rationally designed nanostructured materials can produce improved drug carriers that play an increasingly important role in cancer treatment. In comparison with conventional drug combination approaches, using co-delivery systems of multiple drugs achieves sophisticated targeting strategies and multifunctionality. METHODS First, a nano-co-delivery of chitosan/tripolyphosphate (CS-TPP) was synthesized and characterized combining 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) with methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1-like (MTHFD1L) shRNA. In this report, we investigated the efficacy of the simultaneous delivery of shRNA/photosensitizer on the gene expression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. The efficacy of CS-TPP-(shMTHFD1L-ALA)-PDT in inducing apoptosis and in generating of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro was then assessed by Annexin V-PI and DCFH-DA assays respectively. In vivo therapeutic experiments were conducted in well-established orthotopic animal models of HNSCC. RESULTS The results showed that the CS-TPP-(shMTHFD1L-ALA) nanoparticles (NPs) were approximately 145 nm in size. The cytotoxicity of OSCC cells was significantly increased by co-delivery of MTHFD1L shRNA and ALA-PDT compared with other groups. Furthermore, individual and combined therapies revealed remarkable pro-apoptotic, ROS and anti-tumorigenesis effects, and CS-TPP-(shMTHFD1L-ALA)-PDT had additive effects in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION These observations indicate that CS-TPP-(shMTHFD1L-ALA) NPs may be an ideal candidate for gene/photosensitizer delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Stomatology, PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Stomatology, PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jin Liang
- Department of Stomatology, PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianqiu Jin
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100100, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Foshan (Southern China) Institute for New Materials, Foshan, 528220, China.
| | - Shu Yan
- Department of Stomatology, PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100101, China; PLA 306 Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China.
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Luo S, Zhao Y, Pan K, Zhou Y, Quan G, Wen X, Pan X, Wu C. Microneedle-mediated delivery of MIL-100(Fe) as a tumor microenvironment-responsive biodegradable nanoplatform for O 2-evolving chemophototherapy. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:6772-6786. [PMID: 34636812 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00888a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The low oxygen level in tumors significantly reduces the antitumor efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The provision of O2 and monomeric hydrophobic photosensitizers (PSs) under physiological conditions would greatly help to shrink malignant tumors. We take advantage of the high porosity and multifunctionality of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to fabricate a simple all-in-one nanoplatform mediated by microneedle delivery to achieve synergistic O2 evolution and chemophototherapy. An iron(III)-based MOF (MIL-100(Fe)) acted not only as a vehicle for the concurrent delivery of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox), but also to supply O2 by decomposing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the tumor microenvironment via a Fenton-like reaction. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that the nanoplatform had excellent biocompatibility and exerted enhanced anticancer effects. The encapsulated drug was sustainably released from the nanoplatform skeleton in response to acidic tumor microenvironments. Moreover, upon 660 nm light irradiation, ZnPc effectively produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the reduction of hypoxia by MIL-100(Fe). A microneedle technique was adopted to directly deliver the nanoplatform into superficial tumors rather than via systemic circulation. Hence, this study provides a new strategy for more efficient chemophototherapy of hypoxic superficial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulan Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 51006, China. .,College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yiting Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 51006, China.
| | - Kewei Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 51006, China.
| | - Yixian Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 51006, China.
| | - Guilan Quan
- Guangzhou Neworld Micnanobio Pharmatech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xinguo Wen
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 51006, China.
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- Guangzhou Neworld Micnanobio Pharmatech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510632, China
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169
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Yoshida A, Inaba K, Sasaki H, Hamada N, Yoshino F. Impact on Porphyromonas gingivalis of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with blue light and Rose Bengal in plaque-disclosing solution. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102576. [PMID: 34628072 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in periodontal pockets using lasers is difficult to perform in some cases because of the high cost of irradiation equipment and the narrow irradiation field. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of aPDT in combination with a plaque-disclosing solution and blue light-emitting diode (LED), which are used for composite resin polymerization. METHODS The reactive oxygen species generated by irradiating 0.001% RB or MB with blue light were analyzed using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Blue-light exposure was performed at 6.92, 20.76 and 124.6 J. The microorganism to be sterilized was Porphyromonas gingivalis. After aPDT, colony-forming units (CFUs) were measured to estimate cell survival. Carbonylated protein (PC) levels were used to evaluate oxidative stress. All statistical analyses were performed with Tukey's multiple comparisons test or the unpaired t-test. RESULTS Singlet oxygen (1O2) generation was confirmed by RB+blue LED. 1O2 production was significantly greater with the blue LED irradiation of RB than that of MB (p < 0.0001). CFUs were significantly lower in the blue LED-irradiated group than in the non-LED-irradiated group (p < 0.01). The bactericidal effect increased in a time-dependent manner. aPDT increased PC levels. No morphological changes were observed in P. gingivalis. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that aPDT exerts bactericidal effects against P. gingivalis by increasing oxidative stress through the generation of 1O2 in cells. Periodontal disease may be treated by aPDT using the equipment available in dental offices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Yoshida
- Department of Dental Education, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Kanagawa, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
| | - Keitaro Inaba
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Kanagawa, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
| | - Haruka Sasaki
- Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
| | - Nobushiro Hamada
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Kanagawa, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Yoshino
- Department of Pharmacology, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Kanagawa, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
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170
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Pan P, Svirskis D, Rees SWP, Barker D, Waterhouse GIN, Wu Z. Photosensitive drug delivery systems for cancer therapy: Mechanisms and applications. J Control Release 2021; 338:446-461. [PMID: 34481021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, various photosensitive nanoparticles have been developed as potential therapies in human health, ranging from photodynamic therapy technologies that have already reached clinical use, to drug delivery systems that are still in the preclinical stages. Many of these systems are designed to achieve a high spatial and temporal on-demand drug release via phototriggerable mechanisms. This review examines the current clinical and experimental applications in cancer treatment of photosensitive drug release systems, including nanocarriers such as liposomes, micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, and hydrogels. We will focus on the three main physicochemical mechanisms of imparting photosensitivity to a delivery system: i) photochemical reactions (oxidation, cleavage, and polymerization), ii) photoisomerization, iii) and photothermal reactions. Photosensitive nanoparticles have a multitude of different applications including controlled drug release, resulting from physical/conformational changes in the delivery systems in response to light of specific wavelengths. Most of the recent research in these delivery systems has primarily focused on improving the efficacy and safety of cancer treatments such as photodynamic and photothermal therapy. Combinations of multiple treatment modalities using photosensitive nanoparticulate delivery systems have also garnered great interest in combating multi-drug resistant cancers due to their synergistic effects. Finally, the challenges and future potential of photosensitive drug delivery systems in biomedical applications is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Darren Svirskis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Shaun W P Rees
- School of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - David Barker
- School of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey I N Waterhouse
- School of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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171
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Liu S, Yan T, Sun J, Li F, Xu J, Sun H, Yu S, Liu J. Biomimetic Cascade Polymer Nanoreactors for Starvation and Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185609. [PMID: 34577080 PMCID: PMC8470963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective disruption of nutritional supplements and the metabolic routes of cancer cells offer a promising opportunity for more efficient cancer therapeutics. Herein, a biomimetic cascade polymer nanoreactor (GOx/CAT-NC) was fabricated by encapsulating glucose oxidase (GOx) and catalase (CAT) in a porphyrin polymer nanocapsule for combined starvation and photodynamic anticancer therapy. Internalized by cancer cells, the GOx/CAT-NCs facilitate microenvironmental oxidation by catalyzing endogenous H2O2 to form O2, thereby accelerating intracellular glucose catabolism and enhancing cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1O2) production with infrared irradiation. The GOx/CAT-NCs have demonstrated synergistic advantages in long-term starvation therapy and powerful photodynamic therapy (PDT) in cancer treatment, which inhibits tumor cells at more than twice the rate of starvation therapy alone. The biomimetic polymer nanoreactor will further contribute to the advancement of complementary modes of spatiotemporal control of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengda Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (S.L.); (T.Y.); (J.X.); (H.S.)
| | - Tengfei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (S.L.); (T.Y.); (J.X.); (H.S.)
| | - Jianxin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (J.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (J.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Jiayun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (S.L.); (T.Y.); (J.X.); (H.S.)
| | - Hongcheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (S.L.); (T.Y.); (J.X.); (H.S.)
| | - Shuangjiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (S.L.); (T.Y.); (J.X.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Junqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (S.L.); (T.Y.); (J.X.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (J.L.)
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In vivo optical coherence tomography-guided photodynamic therapy for skin pre-cancer and cancer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102520. [PMID: 34496299 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary aim of this prospective study is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of OCT to map real tumor margins and to monitor skin changes that occurred post- PDT. Moreover, to optimize PDT efficacy based on the relationship between measured OCT features and treatment outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS A series of 12 patients with overall 18 facial skin lesions were investigated by OCT before surface illumination by PDT to determine tumor free margins. Monitoring of the healing process was undertaken at 3, 6 and 12 months post-PDT. Parameters measured by the in vivo OCT during healing phase were the organization of skin layer and the degree skin fibroses for the active center and peripheral transit zone of the treated lesion. Clinical and aesthetics assessment was carried out at 12-month post-PDT. RESULTS Distinct microstructural differences between normal skin, pre-cancer, cancer, and the transition zone between the two tissues were observed on OCT images. In the subsequent healing phase, OCT demonstrate marked delineation and organization of skin layer at late stage of healing. Early features showing bizarre non-homogenous disorganized layering (scab) but afterwards, OCT was able to differentiate between different histological layers. One lesion demonstrated clinical healing by fibrosis (scar) without sign of recurrence. Another lesion demonstrated skin erythema. Only one lesion did not response to treatment despite margins clearance. The CR rate was 95% at the end of the study. The cosmetic effect was "excellent" in 89% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS This feasibility study lays the groundwork for using OCT as a real-time, noninvasive monitoring device for PDT in patients with skin cancer.
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Algorri JF, Ochoa M, Roldán-Varona P, Rodríguez-Cobo L, López-Higuera JM. Photodynamic Therapy: A Compendium of Latest Reviews. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4447. [PMID: 34503255 PMCID: PMC8430498 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising therapy against cancer. Even though it has been investigated for more than 100 years, scientific publications have grown exponentially in the last two decades. For this reason, we present a brief compendium of reviews of the last two decades classified under different topics, namely, overviews, reviews about specific cancers, and meta-analyses of photosensitisers, PDT mechanisms, dosimetry, and light sources. The key issues and main conclusions are summarized, including ways and means to improve therapy and outcomes. Due to the broad scope of this work and it being the first time that a compendium of the latest reviews has been performed for PDT, it may be of interest to a wide audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Algorri
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain; (M.O.); (P.R.-V.); (J.M.L.-H.)
- CIBER-bbn, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Mario Ochoa
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain; (M.O.); (P.R.-V.); (J.M.L.-H.)
- CIBER-bbn, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Pablo Roldán-Varona
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain; (M.O.); (P.R.-V.); (J.M.L.-H.)
- CIBER-bbn, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | | | - José Miguel López-Higuera
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain; (M.O.); (P.R.-V.); (J.M.L.-H.)
- CIBER-bbn, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
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En route to the transformation of porphyrin molecules for PDT: Theoretical insights on the reactive oxygen generation of 1D nano-wires and 2D covalent organic frameworks. Chem Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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175
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Sun L, Li Z, Shang H, Xin X. Hypericin Enhances Paclitaxel-Induced B16-F10 Cell Apoptosis by Activating a Cytochrome c Release-Dependent Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:652452. [PMID: 34421585 PMCID: PMC8371448 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.652452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhanced inhibitory effect of paclitaxel (PTX) combined with hypericin (HY) on B16-F10 cells may be realized through the ROS-related cytochrome c release pathway. The apoptotic characteristics of the B16-F10 cells, such as DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and apoptotic body formation, were all enhanced in the combined treatment group. Further investigation showed that the combination of paclitaxel and HY could increase the level of mitochondrial damage and the concentration of cytochrome c, causing the expression of caspase-3 and the cleavage of PARP.1. Compared with paclitaxel or HY alone, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased significantly, while glutathione reductase (GR) activity and intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels decreased significantly in the combination group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Sun
- East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huoli Shang
- East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Xin
- East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Paramio I, Torres T, de la Torre G. Self-Assembled Porphyrinoids: One-Component Nanostructured Photomedicines. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2441-2451. [PMID: 33900022 PMCID: PMC8453889 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is becoming a promising way to treat various kinds of cancers, with few side effects. Porphyrinoids are the most relevant photosensitizers (PS) in PDT, because they present high extinction coefficients, biocompatibility, and excellent photochemical behavior. To maximize therapeutic effects, polymer-PS conjugates, and PS-loaded nanoparticles have been developed, with insights in improving tumor delivery. However, some drawbacks such as non-biodegradability, multistep fabrication, and low reagent loadings limit their clinical application. A novel strategy, noted by some authors as the "one-for-all" approach, is emerging to circumvent the use of additional delivery agents. This approach relies on the self-assembly of amphiphilic PS to fabricate nanostructures with improved transport properties. In this review we focus on different rational designs of porphyrinoid PS to achieve some of the following attributes in nanoassembly: i) selective uptake, through the incorporation of recognizable biological vectors; ii) responsiveness to stimuli; iii) combination of imaging and therapeutic functions; and iv) multimodal therapy, including photothermal or chemotherapy abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Paramio
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversidad Autónoma de MadridC/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 728049MadridSpain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversidad Autónoma de MadridC/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 728049MadridSpain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)Universidad Autónoma de MadridC/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 728049MadridSpain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-NanocienciaC/Faraday 928049MadridSpain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversidad Autónoma de MadridC/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 728049MadridSpain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)Universidad Autónoma de MadridC/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 728049MadridSpain
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Wei F, Kuang S, Rees TW, Liao X, Liu J, Luo D, Wang J, Zhang X, Ji L, Chao H. Ruthenium(II) complexes coordinated to graphitic carbon nitride: Oxygen self-sufficient photosensitizers which produce multiple ROS for photodynamic therapy in hypoxia. Biomaterials 2021; 276:121064. [PMID: 34391019 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer is limited by tumor hypoxia as PDT efficiency depends on O2 concentration. A novel oxygen self-sufficient photosensitizer (Ru-g-C3N4) was therefore designed and synthesized via a facile one-pot method in order to overcome tumor hypoxia-induced PDT resistance. The photosensitizer is based on [Ru(bpy)2]2+ coordinated to g-C3N4 nanosheets by Ru-N bonding. Compared to pure g-C3N4, the resulting nanosheets exhibit increased water solubility, stronger visible light absorption, and enhanced biocompatibility. Once Ru-g-C3N4 is taken up by hypoxic tumor cells and exposed to visible light, the nanosheets not only catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 and H2O to generate O2, but also catalyze H2O2 and O2 concurrently to produce multiple ROS (•OH, •O2-, and 1O2). In addition, Ru-g-C3N4 affords luminescence imaging, while continuously generating O2 to alleviate hypoxia greatly improving PDT efficacy. To the best of our knowledge, this oxygen self-sufficient photosensitizer produced via grafting a metal complex onto g-C3N4 is the first of its type to be reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmian Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Shi Kuang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Thomas W Rees
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Xinxing Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Jiangping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Diqing Luo
- Department of Dermatology, The Eastern Division of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Jinquan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug Candidate, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiting Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, S.A.R., Hong Kong, China.
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
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178
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Gunaydin G, Gedik ME, Ayan S. Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment and Diagnosis of Cancer-A Review of the Current Clinical Status. Front Chem 2021; 9:686303. [PMID: 34409014 PMCID: PMC8365093 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.686303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used as an anti-tumor treatment method for a long time and photosensitizers (PS) can be used in various types of tumors. Originally, light is an effective tool that has been used in the treatment of diseases for ages. The effects of combination of specific dyes with light illumination was demonstrated at the beginning of 20th century and novel PDT approaches have been developed ever since. Main strategies of current studies are to reduce off-target effects and improve pharmacokinetic properties. Given the high interest and vast literature about the topic, approval of PDT as the first drug/device combination by the FDA should come as no surprise. PDT consists of two stages of treatment, combining light energy with a PS in order to destruct tumor cells after activation by light. In general, PDT has fewer side effects and toxicity than chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. In addition to the purpose of treatment, several types of PSs can be used for diagnostic purposes for tumors. Such approaches are called photodynamic diagnosis (PDD). In this Review, we provide a general overview of the clinical applications of PDT in cancer, including the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Assessment of PDT therapeutic efficacy in the clinic will be discussed, since identifying predictors to determine the response to treatment is crucial. In addition, examples of PDT in various types of tumors will be discussed. Furthermore, combination of PDT with other therapy modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery and immunotherapy will be emphasized, since such approaches seem to be promising in terms of enhancing effectiveness against tumor. The combination of PDT with other treatments may yield better results than by single treatments. Moreover, the utilization of lower doses in a combination therapy setting may cause less side effects and better results than single therapy. A better understanding of the effectiveness of PDT in a combination setting in the clinic as well as the optimization of such complex multimodal treatments may expand the clinical applications of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M. Emre Gedik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seylan Ayan
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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179
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Lee HW, Lee DJ, Lim CS. Recent Research Trends of Two‐Photon Photosensitizer for Simultaneous Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Systems Research Ajou University Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Joon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Systems Research Ajou University Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Su Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Systems Research Ajou University Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea
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180
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Moret F, Menilli L, Battan M, Tedesco D, Columbaro M, Guerrini A, Avancini G, Ferroni C, Varchi G. Pheophorbide A and Paclitaxel Bioresponsive Nanoparticles as Double-Punch Platform for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081130. [PMID: 34452091 PMCID: PMC8399365 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy is still a challenging issue. To address this, the combination of anticancer drugs with other therapeutic modalities, such as light-triggered therapies, has emerged as a promising approach, primarily when both active ingredients are provided within a single nanosystem. Herein, we describe the unprecedented preparation of tumor microenvironment (TME) responsive nanoparticles exclusively composed of a paclitaxel (PTX) prodrug and the photosensitizer pheophorbide A (PheoA), e.g., PheoA≅PTX2S. This system aimed to achieve both the TME-triggered and controlled release of PTX and the synergistic/additive effect by PheoA-mediated photodynamic therapy. PheoA≅PTX2S were produced in a simple one-pot process, exhibiting excellent reproducibility, stability, and the ability to load up to 100% PTX and 40% of PheoA. Exposure of PheoA≅PTX2S nanoparticles to TME-mimicked environment provided fast disassembly compared to normal conditions, leading to PTX and PheoA release and consequently elevated cytotoxicity. Our data indicate that PheoA incorporation into nanoparticles prevents its aggregation, thus providing a greater extent of ROS and singlet oxygen production. Importantly, in SK-OV-3 cells, PheoA≅PTX2S allowed a 30-fold PTX dose reduction and a 3-fold dose reduction of PheoA. Our data confirm that prodrug-based nanocarriers represent valuable and sustainable drug delivery systems, possibly reducing toxicity and expediting preclinical and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Moret
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy; (F.M.); (L.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Luca Menilli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy; (F.M.); (L.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Manuele Battan
- Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity—Italian National Research Council, 40121 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (D.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Daniele Tedesco
- Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity—Italian National Research Council, 40121 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (D.T.); (A.G.)
| | | | - Andrea Guerrini
- Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity—Italian National Research Council, 40121 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (D.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Greta Avancini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy; (F.M.); (L.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Claudia Ferroni
- Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity—Italian National Research Council, 40121 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (D.T.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.F.); (G.V.); Tel.: +39-0516398283 (G.V.)
| | - Greta Varchi
- Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity—Italian National Research Council, 40121 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (D.T.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.F.); (G.V.); Tel.: +39-0516398283 (G.V.)
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181
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Chen W, Sun Z, Jiang C, Sun W, Yu B, Wang W, Lu L. An All‐in‐One Organic Semiconductor for Targeted Photoxidation Catalysis in Hypoxic Tumor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Changchun 130022 China
| | - Zhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Changchun 130022 China
| | - Chunhuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Changchun 130022 China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Changchun 130022 China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Changchun 130022 China
| | - Lehui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Changchun 130022 China
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182
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Guo X, Jin H, Lo PC. Encapsulating an acid-activatable phthalocyanine-doxorubicin conjugate and the hypoxia-sensitive tirapazamine in polymeric micelles for multimodal cancer therapy. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4936-4951. [PMID: 34075948 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00443c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A zinc(ii) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) was conjugated to doxorubicin (Dox) via an acid-labile hydrazone linker. The resulting ZnPc-Dox conjugate was then encapsulated into polymeric micelles formed through self-assembly of a block copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(d,l-lactide) both in the absence and presence of the hypoxia-activated prodrug tirapazamine (TPZ) to give ZnPc-Dox@micelles and ZnPc-Dox/TPZ@micelles respectively. These polymeric micelles exhibited an excellent stability in aqueous media, but underwent disassembly in an acidic environment. Upon internalisation into HT29 human colorectal carcinoma cells, fluorescence due to ZnPc and Dox could be observed in the cytoplasm and nucleus respectively for both nanosystems. This observation suggested the disassembly of the polymeric micelles and the cleavage of the hydrazone linker in ZnPc-Dox in the acidic intracellular compartments. These micelles were slightly cytotoxic against HT29 cells in the dark due to the chemotherapeutic effect of Dox and/or TPZ. Upon light irradiation, ZnPc-Dox@micelles showed higher cytotoxicity. The IC50 value under a normoxic condition (0.35 μM based on ZnPc-Dox) was significantly lower than that under hypoxia (>1 μM). With an additional therapeutic component, ZnPc-Dox/TPZ@micelles exhibited higher photocytotoxicity with IC50 values of 0.20 μM and 0.78 μM under normoxia and hypoxia respectively. It is believed that the photodynamic action of this nanosystem consumed the intracellular oxygen and hence triggered the hypoxia-mediated chemotherapeutic action of TPZ. The multimodal antitumor effects of these polymeric micelles were also validated on HT29 tumour-bearing nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. and Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Honglin Jin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Pui-Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. and Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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183
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Combination of cisplatin treatment and photodynamic therapy attenuates cisplatin-induced cell toxicity in A2780 and A2780-CP cervical cancer cell lines. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:1175-1180. [PMID: 34255220 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is recognized as a serious worldwide health problem. Despite various achievements for cervical cancer treatment, there are still shortcomings that lead to severe side effects. Combination therapy is fast becoming a key and promising treatment strategy, diminishing chemotherapy-mediated side effects. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of combined cisplatin treatment and photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the cervical cancer recovery. In this study, A2780 and A2780-CP cell lines were cultured in the Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) enriched with 10% FBS and 1% antibiotic. Both cell lines were treated with cisplatin, photodynamic light (laser with methylene blue as a photosensitizer agent), and the combination of cisplatin treatment and PDT. Half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated for each treatment by the use of tetrazolium salt assay. Both cell lines were examined for cell membrane lipid peroxidation rate. Our findings showed that combination of cisplatin treatment and photodynamic therapy leads to two-fold decreased cisplatin IC50. Results showed that cisplatin and photodynamic light combination could effectively reduce A2780 and A2780-CP cell viability (p-value < 0.0001). Moreover, combined cisplatin and photodynamic therapy results revealed significantly increased cancer cell membrane destruction through increased lipid peroxidation, resulting in surged MDA content. Our conclusion is that combination of cisplatin and photodynamic therapy can be used as an effective and convenient treatment strategy without considerable side effects.
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184
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Orfanopoulos M. Singlet Oxygen: Discovery, Chemistry, C 60 -Sensitization †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1182-1218. [PMID: 34240450 DOI: 10.1111/php.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review article refers to the discovery of excited molecular oxygen, in particular on its lower singlet excited state (1 Δg , 1 O2 ). After a short report on singlet oxygen generation, the review is focused on the chemistry of this reactive species. Specifically, the three major reactions of 1 O2 with unsaturated organic substrates, namely the [4 + 2] and [2 +2] cycloadditions as well as the ene reaction, are reviewed. The proposed mechanisms of these reactions, through the years, based on experimental and computational work, have been presented. Selected examples of singlet oxygen-synthetic applications are also mentioned. The [60]fullerene and fullereno-materials photosensitized oxidations in homogeneous, as well as in heterogeneous conditions, are also comprehensively discussed. Finally, the self-sensitized photooxidation of open cage fullerenes as well as fullerenes bearing oxidizable groups is reported.
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185
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186
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Magadla A, Babu B, Sen P, Nyokong T. The photophysicochemical properties and photodynamic therapy activity of Schiff base substituted phthalocyanines doped into silica nanoparticles and conjugated to folic acid. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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187
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A Cyanine-based Liposomal Nanophotosensitizer for Enhanced Cancer Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy. Chem Res Chin Univ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-1186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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188
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Yan J, Gao T, Lu Z, Yin J, Zhang Y, Pei R. Aptamer-Targeted Photodynamic Platforms for Tumor Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:27749-27773. [PMID: 34110790 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Achieving controlled and accurate delivery of photosensitizers (PSs) into tumor sites is a major challenge in conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT). Aptamer is a short oligonucleotide sequence (DNA or RNA) with a folded three-dimensional structure, which can selectively bind to specific small molecules, proteins, or the whole cells. Aptamers could act as ligands and be modified onto PSs or nanocarriers, enabling specific recognition and binding to tumor cells or their membrane proteins. The resultant aptamer-modified PSs or PSs-containing nanocarriers generate amounts of reactive oxygen species with light irradiation and obtain superior photodynamic therapeutic efficiency in tumors. Herein, we overview the recent progress in the designs and applications of aptamer-targeted photodynamic platforms for tumor therapy. First, we focus on the progress on the rational selection of aptamers and summarize the applications of aptamers which have been applied for targeted tumor diagnosis and therapy. Then, aptamer-targeted photodynamic therapies including various aptamer-PSs, aptamer-nanocarriers containing PSs, and aptamer-nano-photosensitizers are highlighted. The aptamer-targeted synergistically therapeutic platforms including PDT, photothermal therapy, and chemotherapy, as well as the imaging-guided theranostics, are also discussed. Finally, we offer an insight into the development trends and future perspectives of aptamer-targeted photodynamic platforms for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincong Yan
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Tian Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Zhongzhong Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Yin
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China
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189
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Evaluation of photodynamic effect of Indocyanine green (ICG) on the colon and glioblastoma cancer cell lines pretreated by cold atmospheric plasma. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102408. [PMID: 34171459 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) has been proposed as a new approach based on its anticancer potential. However, its biological effects in combination with other physical modalities may also enhance efficiency and expand the applicability of the CAP method Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) may be improved by the use of indocyanine green (ICG) photosensitizer with absorption wavelength in the near infrared region to allow for deeper treatment depth.. In this study, the effectiveness of cold atmospheric helium plasma (He-CAP) as a pretreatment on the efficiency of ICG mediated PDT was investigated. METHODS AND MATERIAL First, toxicity of different concentrations of ICG on HT-29 and U-87MG cell lines was examined for 24 h. IC10 and IC30 of ICG were determined and then cells were treated with this ICG concentrations with different plasma radiation doses and light exposures for 48 h. Finally, MTT assay was performed for all treatment groups. The experiments were repeated at least 4 times at each group for two cell lines, separately. In order to compare the results, several indicators such as treatment efficiency, synergistic ratio, and the amount of optical exposure required for 50% cell death (ED50) were also defined. Finally, SPSS 20 software is used for statistical analysis of data. RESULTS Pretreatment with CAP could significantly reduce cell survival in both cell lines (P<0.05). Also concentrations, irradiation time with CAP, and appropriate light exposure in both cell lines increased therapeutic efficiency compared to either treatment alone (P<0.05). While increasing the efficiency of photodynamic therapy varied between the two cell lines, the improvement in the PDT process was demonstrated by pretreatment with CAP. CONCLUSION Synergistic effect in the cell death with PDT were observed following He-CAP treatment and the results indicated that pretreatment with He-CAP improves the efficiency of photodynamic therapy.
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190
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Chen D, Long Z, Zhong C, Chen L, Dang Y, Hu JJ, Lou X, Xia F. Highly Efficient Near-Infrared Photosensitizers with Aggregation-Induced Emission Characteristics: Rational Molecular Design and Photodynamic Cancer Cell Ablation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5231-5239. [PMID: 35007005 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitizers (PSs) that play a decisive role in effective photodynamic therapy (PDT) have attracted great research interest. PSs with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics could overcome the deficiencies of traditional PSs that usually suffer from the aggregation-caused fluorescence quenching (ACQ) effect in applications and show enhanced emission and high singlet oxygen (1O2) generation efficiency in aggregates; therefore, they are outstanding candidates for imaging-guided PDT, and the development of AIE PSs with both excellent photophysical properties and 1O2 generation ability is highly desirable. Herein, three AIE fluorogens (AIEgens), BtM, ThM, and NaM, with a donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) structure were designed and synthesized, and the photosensitizing ability was adjusted by π-linker engineering. All of the three AIEgens showed excellent photostability and high molar absorption coefficients, and their emission edges were extended to the near-infrared (NIR) region, with peaks at 681, 678, and 638 nm, respectively. NaM demonstrated the smallest ΔES1-T1, which was ascribed to its better separation degree of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). The AIEgens were fabricated into nanoparticles (NPs) by amphipathic mPEG3000-DSPE encapsulating, and thus the obtained NaM NPs exhibited the best 1O2 generation efficiency under white light irradiation, which was almost 3 times that of the renowned PS rose bengal (RB). Furthermore, under white light irradiation, the cell killing efficiency of NaM NPs was also much better than those of the other two AIE PSs and RB. Therefore, NaM NPs revealed great potential to treat superficial diseases as a PS for PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dugang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Zi Long
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Yecheng Dang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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191
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Degirmenci A, Sonkaya Ö, Soylukan C, Karaduman T, Algi F. BODIPY and 2,3-Dihydrophthalazine-1,4-Dione Conjugates As Heavy Atom-Free Chemiluminogenic Photosensitizers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5090-5098. [PMID: 35007057 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We disclose an interesting concept for developing heavy atom-free chemiluminogenic photosensitizers. To accomplish this, conjugates 2 and 3, which are composed of boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) and 2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione units, are investigated. 2 and 3 are compared in terms of their photophysical properties, chemiluminescence responses, and singlet oxygen production. Strikingly, the results indicate that decoration of BODIPY with the 2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione scaffold boosts the singlet oxygen generation. Furthermore, treatment of epidermoid laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 (Hep-2) cells with conjugates 2 and 3 results in efficient cellular internalization which ensures live- cell imaging of Hep-2 cells. Finally, it is noteworthy that in vitro cytotoxicity assays reveal that both 2 and 3 induce cytotoxicity when illuminated with red light. Thus, 2 and 3 represent heavy atom-free chemiluminogenic photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Degirmenci
- Department of Biotechnology & ASUBTAM M. Bilmez BioNanoTech Lab., Aksaray University, TR-68100 Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Ömer Sonkaya
- Department of Chemistry & ASUBTAM M. Bilmez BioNanoTech Lab., Aksaray University, TR-68100 Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Caner Soylukan
- Department of Biotechnology & ASUBTAM M. Bilmez BioNanoTech Lab., Aksaray University, TR-68100 Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Karaduman
- Department of Biotechnology & ASUBTAM M. Bilmez BioNanoTech Lab., Aksaray University, TR-68100 Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Fatih Algi
- Department of Biotechnology & ASUBTAM M. Bilmez BioNanoTech Lab., Aksaray University, TR-68100 Aksaray, Turkey
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192
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Chen W, Sun Z, Jiang C, Sun W, Yu B, Wang W, Lu L. An All-in-One Organic Semiconductor for Targeted Photoxidation Catalysis in Hypoxic Tumor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16641-16648. [PMID: 33880849 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia severely limits the therapeutic effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Although many methods for oxygen generation exist, substantial safety concerns, spatiotenporal uncontrollability, limited efficacy, and complicated procedures have compromised their practical application. Here, we demonstrate a biocompatiable all-in-one organic semiconductor to provide a photoxidation catalysis mechanism of action. A facile method is developed to produce gram-level C5 N2 nanoparticles (NPs)-based organic semiconductor. Under 650 nm laser irradiation, the semiconductor split water to generate O2 and simultaneously produce singlet oxygen (1 O2 ), showing that the photocatalyst for O2 evolution and the photosensitizer (PS) for 1 O2 generation could be synchronously achieved in one organic semiconductor. The inherent nucleus targeting capacity endows it with direct and efficient DNA photocleavage. These findings pave the way for developing organic semiconductor-based cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Chunhuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Lehui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Changchun, 130022, China
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193
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Wu B, Yuan Y, Liu J, Shang H, Dong J, Liang X, Wang D, Chen Y, Wang C, Zhou Y, Jing H, Cheng W. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the mechanism of sonodynamic therapy combined with a RAS inhibitor in the setting of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:177. [PMID: 34118951 PMCID: PMC8199394 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ras activation is a frequent event in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Combining a RAS inhibitor with traditional clinical therapeutics might be hampered by a variety of side effects, thus hindering further clinical translation. Herein, we report on integrating an IR820 nanocapsule-augmented sonodynamic therapy (SDT) with the RAS inhibitor farnesyl-thiosalicylic acid (FTS). Using cellular and tumor models, we demonstrate that combined nanocapsule-augmented SDT with FTS induces an anti-tumor effect, which not only inhibits tumor progression, and enables fluorescence imaging. To dissect the mechanism of a combined tumoricidal therapeutic strategy, we investigated the scRNA-seq transcriptional profiles of an HCC xenograft following treatment. RESULTS Integrative single-cell analysis identified several clusters that defined many corresponding differentially expressed genes, which provided a global view of cellular heterogeneity in HCC after combined SDT/FTS treatment. We conclude that the combination treatment suppressed HCC, and did so by inhibiting endothelial cells and a modulated immunity. Moreover, hepatic stellate secretes hepatocyte growth factor, which plays a key role in treating SDT combined FTS. By contrast, enrichment analysis estimated the functional roles of differentially expressed genes. The Gene Ontology terms "cadherin binding" and "cell adhesion molecule binding" and KEGG pathway "pathway in cancer" were significantly enriched by differentially expressed genes after combined SDT/FTS therapy. CONCLUSIONS Thus, some undefined mechanisms were revealed by scRNA-seq analysis. This report provides a novel proof-of-concept for combinatorial HCC-targeted therapeutics that is based on a non-invasive anti-tumor therapeutic strategy and a RAS inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, China
| | - Yanchi Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Haitao Shang
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xitian Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yichi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, China
| | - Chunyue Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Jing
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.
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194
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Gunaydin G, Gedik ME, Ayan S. Photodynamic Therapy-Current Limitations and Novel Approaches. Front Chem 2021; 9:691697. [PMID: 34178948 PMCID: PMC8223074 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.691697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) mostly relies on the generation of singlet oxygen, via the excitation of a photosensitizer, so that target tumor cells can be destroyed. PDT can be applied in the settings of several malignant diseases. In fact, the earliest preclinical applications date back to 1900’s. Dougherty reported the treatment of skin tumors by PDT in 1978. Several further studies around 1980 demonstrated the effectiveness of PDT. Thus, the technique has attracted the attention of numerous researchers since then. Hematoporphyrin derivative received the FDA approval as a clinical application of PDT in 1995. We have indeed witnessed a considerable progress in the field over the last century. Given the fact that PDT has a favorable adverse event profile and can enhance anti-tumor immune responses as well as demonstrating minimally invasive characteristics, it is disappointing that PDT is not broadly utilized in the clinical setting for the treatment of malignant and/or non-malignant diseases. Several issues still hinder the development of PDT, such as those related with light, tissue oxygenation and inherent properties of the photosensitizers. Various photosensitizers have been designed/synthesized in order to overcome the limitations. In this Review, we provide a general overview of the mechanisms of action in terms of PDT in cancer, including the effects on immune system and vasculature as well as mechanisms related with tumor cell destruction. We will also briefly mention the application of PDT for non-malignant diseases. The current limitations of PDT utilization in cancer will be reviewed, since identifying problems associated with design/synthesis of photosensitizers as well as application of light and tissue oxygenation might pave the way for more effective PDT approaches. Furthermore, novel promising approaches to improve outcome in PDT such as selectivity, bioengineering, subcellular/organelle targeting, etc. will also be discussed in detail, since the potential of pioneering and exceptional approaches that aim to overcome the limitations and reveal the full potential of PDT in terms of clinical translation are undoubtedly exciting. A better understanding of novel concepts in the field (e.g. enhanced, two-stage, fractional PDT) will most likely prove to be very useful for pursuing and improving effective PDT strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Emre Gedik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seylan Ayan
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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195
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Kur’yanova AS, Solov’eva AB, Glagolev NN, Aksenova NA, Timashev PS. Effect of the Wavelength and Intensity of Excitation Light on the Efficiency of Photogeneration of Singlet Oxygen by Photodithazine in the Presence of Pluronic F127 in Model Processes of Photo-Oxidation. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024421060170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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196
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He Z, Tian S, Gao Y, Meng F, Luo L. Luminescent AIE Dots for Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy. Front Chem 2021; 9:672917. [PMID: 34113602 PMCID: PMC8185329 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.672917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging effective strategy for cancer treatment. Compared with conventional cancer therapies, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, PDT has shown great promise as a next-generation cancer therapeutic strategy owing to its many advantages such as non-invasiveness, negligible observed drug resistance, localized treatment, and fewer side effects. One of the key elements in photodynamic therapy is the photosensitizer (PS) which converts photons into active cytotoxic species, namely, reactive oxygen species (ROS). An ideal PS for photodynamic therapy requires the efficient generation of ROS, high stability against photo bleaching, and robust performance in different environments and concentrations. PSs with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics have drawn significant attention, in that they can overcome the aggregation- caused quenching effect that is commonly seen in the case of fluorescence dyes and provide excellent performance at high concentrations or in their condensed state. Moreover, organic nanomaterials with AIE characteristics, or AIE dots, have played an increasingly significant role in assisting PDT based on its excellent ROS generation efficiency and simultaneous imaging feature. This review summarizes the recent advances on the molecular design of AIE PSs and AIE dots-based probes, as well as their emerging applications for enhanced anticancer PDT theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyan He
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sidan Tian
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuting Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fanling Meng
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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197
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Wu B, Shang H, Liu J, Liang X, Yuan Y, Chen Y, Wang C, Jing H, Cheng W. Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of FFPE Tumor Samples Reveals the Influences of NET-1 siRNA Nanoparticles and Sonodynamic Therapy on Tetraspanin Protein Involved in HCC. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:678444. [PMID: 34041269 PMCID: PMC8141748 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.678444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a severe threat to human health. The NET-1 protein has been proved to be strongly associated with HCC proliferation and metastasis in our previous study. Here, we established and validated the NET-1 siRNA nanoparticles system to conduct targeted gene therapy of HCC xenograft in vivo with the aid of sonodynamic therapy. Then, we conducted a label-free proteome mass spectrometry workflow to analyze formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded HCC xenograft samples collected in this study. The result showed that 78 proteins were differentially expressed after NET-1 protein inhibited. Among them, the expression of 17 proteins upregulated and the expression of 61 proteins were significantly downregulated. Of the protein abundance, the vast majority of Gene Ontology enrichment terms belong to the biological process. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the 78 differentially expressed proteins significantly enriched in 45 pathways. We concluded that the function of the NET-1 gene is not only to regulate HCC but also to participate in a variety of biochemical metabolic pathways in the human body. Furthermore, the protein–protein interaction analysis indicated that the interactions of differentially expressed proteins are incredibly sophisticated. All the protein–protein interactions happened after the NET-1 gene has been silenced. Finally, our study also provides a useful proposal for targeted therapy based on tetraspanin proteins to treat HCC, and further mechanism investigations are needed to reveal a more detailed mechanism of action for NET-1 protein regulation of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haitao Shang
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xitian Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yanchi Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yichi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunyue Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Jing
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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198
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Sioud M. Reducing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment enhances photoimmunotherapy efficacy. EBioMedicine 2021; 67:103351. [PMID: 33965875 PMCID: PMC8114109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mouldy Sioud
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Ullernchausseen 70, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
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199
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Al-Raqa SY, Khezami K, Kaya EN, Kocak A, Durmuş M. Experimental and theoretical investigation of water-soluble silicon(IV) phthalocyanine and its interaction with bovine serum albumin. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:235-247. [PMID: 33558997 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01848-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has drawn a great scientific attention to cancer treatment over the last decades. However, the bottleneck for the PDT is to find good photosensitizers (PSs) with greater water solubility, no aggregation, and fast discharge from the body. Therefore, there are still a big scientific desire for the synthesizing new rational PSs for treatment of cancer by PDT technique. In favor of improving the competence of PDT, an axially bis[4-(diphenylamino-1,1'-biphenyl-4-ol)] substituted silicon(IV) phthalocyanine (3) was converted to its water-soluble quaternized derivative (3Q). Their structures were fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and different spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, UV-Vis, MALDI-TOF, and 1H-NMR. The photophysical properties such as fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes, and the photochemical properties such as singlet oxygen generation of both phthalocyanines were investigated. Ground and excited-state calculations were performed to explain the observed electronic absorption spectra. The addition of the 4-diphenylamino-1,1'-biphenyl-4-ol groups on the axially positions of the silicon(IV) phthalocyanine increased the singlet oxygen quantum yield from 0.15 to around 0.20. Especially quaternized compound 3Q showed high singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.26 in water solution. In addition, a spectroscopic investigation of the binding behavior of the quaternized silicon (IV) phthalocyanine complex to bovine serum albumin (BSA) is also studied in this work, confirming the possible interaction. Further theoretical calculations were carried out to find out the plausible-binding regions of the BSA protein. Axially bis[4-(diphenylamino-1,1'-biphenyl-4-ol)] substituted silicon(IV) phthalocyanine (3) was converted to its quaternized water soluble derivative (3Q). The photophysical properties such as fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes, and the photochemical properties such as singlet oxygen generation of both phthalocyanines were investigated. In addition, a spectroscopic investigation of the binding behavior of the quaternized silicon (IV) phthalocyanine complex to bovine serum albumin (BSA) is also studied in this work, confirming the possible interaction. Further theoretical calculations were carried out to find out the plausible binding regions of the BSA protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaya Y Al-Raqa
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, P.O Box 344, Al-Madinah Al Munawrah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaoula Khezami
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Faculty of Science of Bizert, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Esra N Kaya
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Kocak
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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200
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Liao L, Cen D, Fu Y, Liu B, Fang C, Wang Y, Cai X, Li X, Wu HB, Han G. Biodegradable MnFe-hydroxide nanocapsules to enable multi-therapeutics delivery and hypoxia-modulated tumor treatment. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:3929-3938. [PMID: 32232281 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00243g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Developing drug delivery platforms that can modulate a tumor microenvironment and deliver multiple therapeutics to targeted tumors is critical for efficient cancer treatment. Achieving these platforms still remains a great challenge. Herein, biodegradable nanocapsules based on MnFe hydroxides (H-MnFe(OH)x) have been developed as a new type of cargo delivery with high loading capacity and catalytic activity, enabling synergetic therapy with promoted efficacy by relieving hypoxia in tumor tissues. As a proof of concept, a photosensitizer (indocyanine green, ICG) and a chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin, DOX) are co-loaded in nanocapsules and selectively released upon degradation of the nanocapsules in the acidic tumor microenvironment, and are promoted by near infrared irradiation. Meanwhile, Mn2+/Fe3+ ions released from the degradation of nanocapsules catalyze the conversion of H2O2 in a tumor microenvironment into oxygen, which modulates tumor hypoxia and dramatically boosts multimodal therapies. Remarkable synergistic anticancer outcomes have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo, paving the way towards future multifunctional therapeutic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Dong Cen
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, P. R. China
| | - Yike Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Yifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, P. R. China
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Gaorong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
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