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Cervin M, Pozza A, Barcaccia B, Dèttore D. Internalized psychopathology dimensions in middle childhood: Cross-sectional and temporal associations. J Anxiety Disord 2020; 76:102300. [PMID: 32942083 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms often onset during middle childhood and are major causes of disability in young individuals. A better understanding of how these symptoms are linked and unfold over time is important to develop valid etiological models and effective prevention and treatment. METHODS In the present study, 950 community children (8-14 years) reported on a broad range of internalised symptoms at three time points over the course of a year. First, factor analysis was used to examine the overarching dimensions of these symptoms. Second, network analysis was used to examine unique cross-sectional associations among these empirically supported symptom dimensions. Last, longitudinal structural equation models (SEMs) were used to examine temporal associations among the symptom dimensions. RESULTS Six broad symptom dimensions fitted the self-report data well at all time points. These dimensions were conceptualized as depression, general anxiety, situational fears, compulsivity, intrusive thoughts, and somatic anxiety. Network analysis showed that these dimensions formed a highly interconnected network with general anxiety and somatic anxiety being most central (i.e., most strongly associated with other dimensions) at all time points. Longitudinal SEMs supported the central role played by general anxiety in the temporal associations among these dimensions. CONCLUSIONS Overarching expressions of internalized psychopathology are highly interconnected in middle childhood with possible central roles played by general and somatic anxiety. Interventions aimed at a general proneness for anxiety may be warranted in preventing and treating internalizing symptoms in middle childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Cervin
- Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrea Pozza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Barbara Barcaccia
- Department of Education, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy; Associazione di Psicologia Cognitiva (APC) and Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva srl (SPC), Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Dèttore
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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152
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Ssegonja R, Sampaio F, Alaie I, Philipson A, Hagberg L, Murray K, Sarkadi A, Langenskiöld S, Jonsson U, Feldman I. Cost-effectiveness of an indicated preventive intervention for depression in adolescents: a model to support decision making. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:789-799. [PMID: 33065819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent depression has negative health and economic outcomes in the short- and long-term. Indicated preventive interventions, in particular group based cognitive behavioural therapy (GB-CBT), are effective in preventing depression in adolescents with subsyndromal depression. However, little is known about the cost-effectiveness of these interventions. METHODS A Markov cohort model was used to conduct cost-effectiveness analyses comparing a GB-CBT indicated preventive intervention for depression, to a no-intervention option in a Swedish setting. Taking a time horizon of 5- and 10 years, incremental differences in societal costs and health benefits expressed as differences in the proportion of cases of depression prevented, and as quality adjusted life years (QALYs) gained were estimated. Through univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses, the robustness of the results was explored. Costs, presented in 2018 USD, and effects were discounted at a yearly rate of 3%. RESULTS The base-case analysis showed that GB-CBT indicated preventive intervention incurred lower costs, prevented a larger proportion of cases of depression and generated higher QALYs compared to the no-intervention option for both time horizons. Offering the intervention was even a cost saving strategy and demonstrated a probability of being cost-effective of over 95%. In the sensitivity analyses, these results were robust to the modelling assumptions. LIMITATIONS The study considered a homogeneous cohort and assumed a constant annual decay rate of the relative treatment effect. CONCLUSIONS GB-CBT indicated preventive interventions for depression in adolescence can generate good value for money compared to leaving adolescents with subsyndromal depression untreated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ssegonja
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Filipa Sampaio
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Iman Alaie
- Department of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Philipson
- University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lars Hagberg
- University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Krahn Murray
- Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anna Sarkadi
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sophie Langenskiöld
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME), Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Jonsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Karolinska Institutet (KIND), Pediatric Neuropsychiatry Unit, Sweden; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inna Feldman
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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153
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Azzopardi PS, Willenberg L, Wulan N, Devaera Y, Medise B, Riyanti A, Ansariadi A, Sawyer S, Wiguna T, Kaligis F, Fisher J, Tran T, Agius PA, Borschmann R, Brown A, Cini K, Clifford S, Kennedy EC, Pedrana A, Pham MD, Wake M, Zimmet P, Durrant K, Wiweko B, Luchters S. Direct assessment of mental health and metabolic syndrome amongst Indonesian adolescents: a study design for a mixed-methods study sampled from school and community settings. Glob Health Action 2020; 13:1732665. [PMID: 32174255 PMCID: PMC7144276 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1732665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with the burden largely borne by people living in low- and middle-income countries. Adolescents are central to NCD control through the potential to modify risks and alter the trajectory of these diseases across the life-course. However, an absence of epidemiological data has contributed to the relative exclusion of adolescents from policies and responses. This paper documents the design of a study to measure the burden of metabolic syndrome (a key risk for NCDs) and poor mental health (a key outcome) amongst Indonesian adolescents. Using a mixed-method design, we sampled 16–18-year-old adolescents from schools and community-based settings across Jakarta and South Sulawesi. Initial formative qualitative enquiry used focus group discussions to understand how young people conceptualise mental health and body weight (separately); what they perceive as determinants of these NCDs; and what responses to these NCDs should involve. These findings informed the design of a quantitative survey that adolescents self-completed electronically. Mental health was measured using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised (CESD-R) and Kessler-10 (both validated against formal psychiatric interview in a subsample), with the metabolic syndrome measured using biomarkers and anthropometry. The survey also included scales relating to victimisation, connectedness, self-efficacy, body image and quality of life. Adolescents were sampled from schools using a multistage cluster design, and from the community using respondent-driven sampling (RDS). This study will substantially advance the field of NCD measurement amongst adolescents, especially in settings like Indonesia. It demonstrates that high quality, objective measurement is acceptable and feasible, including the collection of biomarkers in a school-based setting. It demonstrates how comparable data can be collected across both in-school and out of school adolescents, allowing a more comprehensive measure of NCD burden, risk and correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Azzopardi
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Aboriginal Health Equity Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,Population Health Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lisa Willenberg
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nisaa Wulan
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yoga Devaera
- Department of Child Health, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bernie Medise
- Department of Child Health, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aida Riyanti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ansariadi Ansariadi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Susan Sawyer
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Population Health Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tjhin Wiguna
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fransiska Kaligis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jane Fisher
- Global and Women's Health Unit, School of Population and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thach Tran
- Global and Women's Health Unit, School of Population and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul A Agius
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rohan Borschmann
- Justice Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alex Brown
- Aboriginal Health Equity Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Karly Cini
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Population Health Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan Clifford
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Population Health Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elissa C Kennedy
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alisa Pedrana
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Minh D Pham
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- Population Health Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Zimmet
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kelly Durrant
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Budi Wiweko
- Research and Social Services, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Stanley Luchters
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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154
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Mosoi AA, Beckmann J, Mirifar A, Martinent G, Balint L. Influence of Organized vs Non Organized Physical Activity on School Adaptation Behavior. Front Psychol 2020; 11:550952. [PMID: 33329181 PMCID: PMC7711162 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.550952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well-established that physical activity has positive effects on both physical and mental health. However, the influence of organized physical activity (i.e., programs controlled and supervised by a trainer) on school adaptive behavior of adolescents with disabilities and/or behavioral disorders remains unclear. School behavior adaptation involves the ability to learn, conform to school norms and manage school activities without major behavior conflicts. A cross-sectional study was conducted to test the differences between organized physical activity and non-organized physical activity in an after school program. Eighty Romanian adolescents were recruited and allocated to three groups: (a) with disabilities [Ds; N = 17, M age = 14.55 years (SD = 1.16), 12 males and 5 females], (b) with conduct disorders [CDs, N = 21, M age = 14.52 years (SD = 1.11) 16 males and 5 females], and (c) participants who had not shown signs of conduct disorders or disabilities [as a control group; N = 42, M age = 14.2 years (SD = 0.46) 20 males and 22 females]. Personality traits, school behavior, and sensorimotor coordination were assessed by using the Eysenck personality questionnaire-junior scale, school in-adaptability questionnaire scale, and Vienna Test System Sport (SMK-sensorimotor coordination test) respectively. Multivariate analysis of variance MANOVA (3 × 3) and discriminant analysis were used to examine differences between the psychological and sensorimotor coordination outcomes across three groups and three types of physical activity context: (a) organized physical activity, (b) non-organized physical activity, and (c) no physical activity. The findings indicate that not participating in an organized physical activity program results in a reduced level of physical mobility and consequently is associated with maladaptive social and psychological outcomes. Thus, we argued that attending in an organized physical activity program is more beneficial for participants with disabilities and/or behavior disorders, due to an increase in the probability of school integration and development of their motor skills. Clearly more research is needed in order to investigate these effects in neurophysiological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian A. Mosoi
- Department of Psychology, Education and Teacher Training, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Transilvania University of Braşov, Braşov, Romania
| | - Jürgen Beckmann
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Chair of Sport Psychology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences (PESS), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Arash Mirifar
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Chair of Sport Psychology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Guillaume Martinent
- Laboratory of Vulnerabilities and Innovation in Sport, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1 – University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lorand Balint
- Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, Braşov, Romania
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155
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Rukundo GZ, Nalugya J, Otim P, Hall A. A Collaborative Approach to the Development of Multi-Disciplinary Teams and Services for Child and Adolescent Mental Health in Uganda. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:579417. [PMID: 33240131 PMCID: PMC7669826 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.579417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Children and adolescents are especially vulnerable to mental, neurological and substance use disorders during various stages of their growth and development. They often require specialized personnel whose training is time consuming and costly. Consequently many children and adolescents remain untreated in developing countries. This paper describes steps Uganda is taking to develop local capacity for child and adolescent mental health services through training of multi-disciplinary teams. Methods: A 2 year training programme was introduced in accordance with the Ugandan Ministry of Health Child and Adolescent Mental Health Strategy. This had been jointly developed in 2008 by Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Makerere University, the Uganda Ministry of Health and East London Foundation NHS Trust, United Kingdom (UK). The initial funding for the programme focused on monitoring and evaluation of the training, quality of clinical practice and clinical activity data. Results: Fifty health workers have been trained and are now working at regional referral hospitals and non-governmental organizations. Monitoring and evaluation demonstrated major increases in the range of disorders and client numbers (2,184-31,034) over 6 years. There was increased confidence, knowledge and skills in assessment. Learning in a multidisciplinary environment was interesting and helpful. Assessments were more thorough and child centred and more psychological treatments were being used. Programme graduates are now contributing as trainers. Conclusion: The clinically focused multidisciplinary training has yielded rewarding outcomes across Uganda. Ongoing support and collaborative work can expand service capacity in child and adolescent mental health for Uganda and other developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey Zari Rukundo
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Joyce Nalugya
- Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patrick Otim
- Naguru Regional Referral Hospital (China Uganda Friendship Hospital, Naguru), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alyson Hall
- East London National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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156
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Meyer BJ, Stevenson J, Sonuga-Barke EJS. Sex Differences in the Meaning of Parent and Teacher Ratings of ADHD Behaviors: An Observational Study. J Atten Disord 2020; 24:1847-1856. [PMID: 28800718 DOI: 10.1177/1087054717723988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To test explanations for the underrecognition of female ADHD by examining differences in adult ratings of boys and girls matched for levels of directly observed ADHD behaviors. Method: In a secondary analysis of a population-based sample, 3- to 4-year-olds (n = 153, 79 male) and 8- to 9-year-olds (n = 144, 75 male) were grouped according to levels of directly observed ADHD behaviors (low/moderate/high). Groups were then compared with parent/teacher ADHD ratings. Results: There were no sex differences in levels of directly observed ADHD behaviors within groups. For preschoolers, parents' ratings of males, but not females, significantly increased across groups-mirroring levels of observed behaviors. For older children, both parent and teacher mean ratings were significantly higher for males than females across groups. Conclusion: Identified differences in adult ratings of males and females matched for directly observed behaviors may contribute to understanding the substantial ADHD underrecognition in females.
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157
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Mental Health, Quality of Life and Violence Exposure in Low-Socioeconomic Status Children and Adolescents of Guatemala. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207620. [PMID: 33086701 PMCID: PMC7589969 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Growing up in vulnerable conditions has an impact on children and adolescents’ mental health and well-being outcomes. However, this evidence has rarely been obtained in middle and low-income countries like Guatemala, where food insecurity and exposure to violence frequently threaten childhood development. The aim of this study was to analyse the relations that sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors have with psychological adjustment of low-socioeconomic status (SES) Guatemalan children and adolescents, and how these relations were mediated by food insecurity and exposure to violence. A total of 185 participants (50.8% girls; aged between 6 to 17, M = 11.82, SD = 3.7) from three vulnerable schools located in rural and urban areas of Guatemala were assessed. The results indicated that exposure to violence significantly moderates the effect of sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables in measures of depression, anxiety and health-related quality of life. Adolescents more exposed to violence reported higher levels of depression and anxiety, as well as lower levels of health-related quality of life. In contrast, food insecurity did not seem to influence psychological adjustment outcomes in this low-SES sample. These findings highlight the relevance of exposure to violence for mental health and well-being, and is a factor that should be considered when designing public health policies to promote children and adolescents’ welfare.
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158
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Babatunde GB, van Rensburg AJ, Bhana A, Petersen I. Stakeholders' perceptions of child and adolescent mental health services in a South African district: a qualitative study. Int J Ment Health Syst 2020; 14:73. [PMID: 33020703 PMCID: PMC7530880 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-020-00406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In order to develop a district child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) plan, it is vital to engage with a range of stakeholders involved in providing CAMH services, given the complexities associated with delivering such services. Hence this study sought to explore multisectoral dynamics in providing CAMH care in one resource-constrained South African district as a case study, towards informing the development of a model for district mental health plan and generating lessons for mental health systems strengthening to support CAMH services using the Health Systems Dynamics (HSD) framework. HSD provides a suitable structure for analysing interactions between different elements within the health system and other sectors. Methods Purposive sampling of 60 key informants was conducted to obtain an in-depth understanding of various stakeholders' experiences and perceptions of the available CAMH services in the district. The participants include stakeholders from the Departments of Health (DoH), Basic Education (DBE), community-based/non-governmental organizations and caregivers of children receiving CAMH care. The data was categorized according to the elements of the HSD framework. Results The HSD framework helped in identifying the components of the health systems that are necessary for CAMH service delivery. At a district level, the shortage of human resources, un-coordinated CAMH management system, lack of intersectoral collaboration and the low priority given to the CAMH system negatively impacts on the service providers' experiences of providing CAMH services. Services users' experiences of access to available CAMH services was negatively impacted by financial restrictions, low mental health literacy and stigmatization. Nevertheless, the study participants perceived the available CAMH specialists to be competent and dedicated to delivering quality services but will benefit from systems strengthening initiatives that can expand the workforce and equip non-specialists with the required skills, resources and adequate coordination. Conclusions The need to develop the capacity of all the involved stakeholders in relation to CAMH services was imperative in the district. The need to create a mental health outreach team and equip teachers and caregivers with skills required to promote mental wellbeing, promptly identify CAMH conditions, refer appropriately and adhere to a management regimen was emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbotemi Bukola Babatunde
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing & Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - André Janse van Rensburg
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing & Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Arvin Bhana
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing & Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Inge Petersen
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing & Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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159
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Madjar N, Gazoli R, Manor I, Shoval G. Contrasting effects of music on reading comprehension in preadolescents with and without ADHD. Psychiatry Res 2020; 291:113207. [PMID: 32559672 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are advised to study in quiet settings; yet, many professionals assert that environments devoid of external stimulus, are often unnecessary to facilitate optimal learning conditions. Empirical controlled trials examining this assertion are scarce. This study explored whether music improves reading performance of preadolescents with ADHD compared with typically developed (TD) peers, and its correlation with changes in heart rate variability (HRV), an autonomic nervous system indicator. After a pilot phase (N = 20; age = 12.05), additional independent sample of ADHD (n = 25; age = 10.28) and TD (n = 25; age = 10.44) preadolescents completed reading tasks under four conditions: without background music, with calm music without lyrics, calm music with lyrics, and rhythmic music with lyrics. Reading comprehension and mean-levels of HRV changes (before and during each task) were assessed using validated instruments. Reading comprehension significantly improved under the music conditions in ADHD group and deteriorated among TD. Differences in HRV changes were significant between groups, and explained reading performance. These findings suggest that music may improve attentive skills of preadolescents with ADHD, but not TD, and urge the need to identify an optimal fit between individual and contextual characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Madjar
- School of Education, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002 Israel.
| | - Rami Gazoli
- School of Education, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002 Israel
| | - Iris Manor
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801 Israel; Geha Mental Health Center, Petach-Tikvah, Israel
| | - Gal Shoval
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801 Israel; Geha Mental Health Center, Petach-Tikvah, Israel
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160
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Jansen R, Reid M. Communication Technology Use by Caregivers of Adolescents With Mental Health Issues: Systematic Review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e13179. [PMID: 32663143 PMCID: PMC7468639 DOI: 10.2196/13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caregivers of adolescents with mental health issues experience challenges that may result in the caregivers having a variety of unmet needs. There is a growing need to support these caregivers. Effective support to strengthen positive caregiving behavior in caregivers may address their challenges. Communication technologies offer novel opportunities to assist these caregivers and may contribute to strengthening caregiver behavior. However, little is known about the use of communication technologies among caregivers of adolescents with mental health issues. Objective The study aimed to answer the question: “What is the best evidence available to strengthen positive behavior of caregivers of adolescents with mental health issues using communication technology.” Methods A systematic review of articles published between January 2007 and August 2018 was conducted. Searches included articles of multiple study designs from EBSCO Host and Scopus platforms with prespecified eligibility criteria. Methodological quality was evaluated using the applicable Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and Joanna Briggs Institute assessment tools. Results The search yielded 1746 articles. Altogether, 5 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review for data synthesis. Data analysis and synthesis identified three thematic conclusions reflecting the types of communication technologies used, caregivers as the target population, and strengthening of positive behavior through determinants of the Integrated Model of Behavior Prediction. Conclusions The review reported the usefulness of communication technology by caregivers. Caregivers also demonstrated improvement in self-efficacy, knowledge, parent-child communication, and parental skills reflecting positive behavior. Although the use of communication technology is expanding as a supportive intervention to address caregivers’ needs, the evidence for usefulness among caregivers of adolescents with mental health issues is still scarce. More research and information related to preferred methods of communication delivery among caregivers of adolescents is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronelle Jansen
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Marianne Reid
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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161
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Willenberg L, Wulan N, Medise BE, Devaera Y, Riyanti A, Ansariadi A, Wiguna T, Kaligis F, Fisher J, Luchters S, Jameel A, Sawyer SM, Tran T, Kennedy E, Patton GC, Wiweko B, Azzopardi PS. Understanding mental health and its determinants from the perspective of adolescents: A qualitative study across diverse social settings in Indonesia. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 52:102148. [PMID: 32450491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Poor mental health is a leading contributor to the burden of disease experienced by adolescents, including in resource constrained settings. However, little is known about how adolescents in these countries conceptualise mental health and its determinants which is essential to informing effective responses. This study aimed to explore how adolescents in Indonesia (a populous and rapidly developing country) conceptualise mental health and what they identify as important determinants. Eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 86 Indonesian adolescents (aged 16-18 years), sampled from schools and community settings from Jakarta and South Sulawesi. FGDs were recorded, transcribed, translated and thematically analysed. Mental health was recognised as a significant concern by adolescents in Indonesia. Good mental health was conceptualised as emotional wellbeing and happiness. By contrast, poor mental health was predominantly described in terms of substantial mental illness manifesting as behavioural and physical disturbance. Further, poor mental health only happened to 'other' people, with stigmatising views prevalent. Absent from the discussions were common symptoms of poor mental health (stress, loneliness, poor sleep) and common mental disorders (e.g. depression, anxiety) or a conceptualisation that reflected poor mental health to be a normal human experience. Discussions around determinants of poor mental health suggested that family connections (particularly with parents), school pressures, and adverse exposures on social media were important drivers of poor mental health, with religion also surfacing as an important determinant. In highlighting mental health as an important issue for Indonesian adolescents, this study provides a foundation for targeted responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Willenberg
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nisaa Wulan
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bernie Endyarni Medise
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yoga Devaera
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aida Riyanti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ansariadi Ansariadi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Tjhin Wiguna
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fransiska Kaligis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jane Fisher
- Global and Women's Health Unit, School of Population and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stanley Luchters
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Population Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Aishah Jameel
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan M Sawyer
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thach Tran
- Global and Women's Health Unit, School of Population and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elissa Kennedy
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - George C Patton
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Budi Wiweko
- Research and Social Services, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Peter S Azzopardi
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Aboriginal Health Equity Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Australia.
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162
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Büber A, Başay Ö, Şenol H. The prevalence and comorbidity rates of specific learning disorder among primary school children in Turkey. Nord J Psychiatry 2020; 74:453-460. [PMID: 32186228 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2020.1740782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of specific learning disorder (SLD), comorbid disorders, and risk factors in primary school children for the first time in two-stage design in Turkey.Materials and methods: Participants were 1041 pupils in 28 primary schools and aged from 7 to 11. The Mathematics, Reading, Writing Assessment Scale (MOYA) teacher and parent forms were used in the screening stage and parents and teachers of each child completed MOYA. Ninety-five children were screen positive and eighty-three of these children participated in the interview. SLD diagnoses were based on DSM V criteria. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) was used for the comorbid psychiatric disorders.Results and conclusions: The prevalence rate of the SLD was 6.6%, impairment in reading was 4%, in mathematics was 3.6%, and in written expression was 1.8%. About 62.75% of children with SLD had one or more comorbid diagnoses. ADHD was the most common comorbid mental disorder in SLD (54.9%). SLD prevalence was higher among males. The prevalence of SLD in primary school children in Turkey is consistent with previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Büber
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ömer Başay
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Hande Şenol
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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163
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Bellina M, Grazioli S, Garzitto M, Mauri M, Rosi E, Molteni M, Brambilla P, Nobile M. Relationship between parenting measures and parents and child psychopathological symptoms: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:377. [PMID: 32680486 PMCID: PMC7367317 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests a complex role of family influences, such as the exposure to parent psychopathology through parenting behavior, in parent-to-child psychopathology transmission. Parenting behaviour could represent a relevant target of psychoeducative intervention. Given these premises, we aimed to evaluate homotypic and heterotypic relationships between parent and child psychopathology, mediated by parenting behaviours, taking into account the constructs of parent and offspring internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. METHODS Internalizing and externalizing symptoms in 272 clinically-referred subjects (mean age = 14.5 ± 2.3; F = 23.5%) and their parents (mothers n = 272, fathers n = 242) were assessed through the Child Behavior Checklist and the Adult Self Report; four areas of parenting behaviours were investigated through the Family Life Questionnaire. Multiple mediation models were built, considering mother and father psychopathology scales as independent variables, parenting measures and family functioning as mediators (Affirmation, Rules, Discipline and Special Allowances), child psychopathology scales as dependent variables and demographic variables as covariates. RESULTS Regression models showed a significant effect of maternal internalizing symptomatology on child externalizing behavioral problems; high levels of maternal pathology predicted high levels of children's psychopathology. A total mediating effect of parenting measures was found: high levels of internalizing symptoms in mothers predicted low levels of affirmation, which in turn predicted high levels of externalizing psychopathology in children. CONCLUSIONS Our study results confirmed the existence of interdependent links between mothers' psychiatric symptomatology, parenting behaviour and offspring outcomes, specifically in an Italian context. On a clinical and rehabilitation basis, this work offers suggestions about parenting practices, specifically maternal, involved in the maintenance of child psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Bellina
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Silvia Grazioli
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Marco Garzitto
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, San Vito al Tagliamento, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mauri
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rosi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Massimo Molteni
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Nobile
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Developmental Psychopathology Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
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164
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Georg S, Bosle C, Fischer JE, De Bock F. Psychometric properties and contextual appropriateness of the German version of the Early Development Instrument. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:339. [PMID: 32646399 PMCID: PMC7346437 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02191-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing the early development of children at a population level in educational settings, may be useful for public health and policy decision making. In this study, we evaluated the psychometric properties and the contextual appropriateness of a German language version of the Early Development Instrument (EDI), a survey-based instrument originally developed in Canada, which assesses developmental vulnerability for children in preschool settings. METHODS Sixty preschool teachers from six preschool organizations (22% of organizations contacted) in three cities in southwest Germany participated. They administered a German version of the EDI (GEDI) to 225 children (51% of eligible children). We assessed internal consistency, test-retest and interrater reliability. Preschool teachers assisted in determining face-validity by reviewing item coverage and comprehensibility. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to evaluate convergent validity. Concurrent validity was measured using correlations and agreements (Bland-Altman plots) between GEDI and other validated instrument scores. Additionally, we compared associations between GEDI domain scores and sociodemographic characteristics with similar associations in EDI studies worldwide. RESULTS GEDI domains showed good to excellent internal consistency (0.73 < α > 0.99) and moderate to good test-retest and interrater reliability (0.50 to 0.81 and 0.48 to 0.71, respectively [p-value < 0.05]). Face validity was considered acceptable. EFA showed a factor structure similar to the original EDI. Correlations (range: 0.32 to 0.67) and agreements between GEDI scores and other German language instruments suggested good external reliability. Scoring within the lowest 10th percentile was strongly associated with age. CONCLUSIONS Our psychometric assessment suggests good reliability and consistency of the GEDI. Differences in the age distribution of children, pedagogical objectives and educational system features of German preschools require future work to determine score thresholds indicative of vulnerability. Aside from dropping selected items from the original EDI that were inconsistent with features of the German educational system, the distribution of values in the language and cognitive development domain also suggested that context-specific cut-offs must be established for the German version. Such efforts are needed to account for relevant contextual differences between the educational systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Georg
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicin, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 7-11, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Catherin Bosle
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicin, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 7-11, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joachim E. Fischer
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicin, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 7-11, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Freia De Bock
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicin, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 7-11, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Federal Centre for Health Education, Maarweg 149-161, 50625 Cologne, Germany
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165
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Silverstein SM, Demmin DL, Schallek JB, Fradkin SI. Measures of Retinal Structure and Function as Biomarkers in Neurology and Psychiatry. Biomark Neuropsychiatry 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2020.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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166
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Wilson E. Where next for youth mental health? Reflections on current research and considerations for the future. J Ment Health 2020; 29:371-375. [DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2020.1766001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Wilson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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167
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How can schools be integrated in promoting well-being, preventing mental health problems and averting substance-use disorders in urban populations? Curr Opin Psychiatry 2020; 33:255-263. [PMID: 32049765 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mental health and substance use problems are among the most prevalent and challenging problems faced by both high-income and low-income countries worldwide. This review will focus on summarizing scattered evidence of school-based interventions to promote well-being and prevent mental health problems and substance use disorders in children and adolescents. RECENT FINDINGS We focus on two main areas of research: promotion of healthy school climate and prevention of bullying. Choosing among available interventions might be challenging, both because of the difficulties in assessing their efficacy and tailoring interventions to specific needs, but also because of the scarcity of intervention in low-resource settings. We provide some guidance on principles encompassed by the available evidence that can be used for policymakers and local communities aiming to integrate mental health promotion and prevention into their schools. SUMMARY Developing, implementing, scaling and sustaining school-based interventions is a necessity of our field if we want to move closer to sustainable development goals.
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168
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Westerlund A, Ivarsson A, Richter-Sundberg L. Evidence-based practice in child and adolescent mental health services - The challenge of implementing national guidelines for treatment of depression and anxiety. Scand J Caring Sci 2020; 35:476-484. [PMID: 32323362 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems are one of the most pressing public health concerns of our time. Sweden has seen a sharp increase in mental disorders among children and youth during the last decade. The evidence base for treatment of psychiatric conditions has developed strongly. Clinical practice guidelines aim to compile such evidence and support healthcare professionals in evidence-based clinical decision-making. In Sweden, the national guidelines for the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents were launched in 2010. The aim of this study was two folded, (i) to explore to what extent these guidelines were known and adhered to by health professionals in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services and (ii) to investigate factors influencing implementation of the guidelines informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. METHODS A qualitative approach was used, and data were collected through interviews with 18 health professionals in Child Mental Health Services in Sweden and a combination of conventional and directed content analyses was used. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research guided and structured data collection and analysis. RESULTS The guidelines were largely unknown by health professionals in Child Mental Health Services in all the clinics investigated. Adherence to guideline recommendations was reported as very low. Barriers to implementation were found in relation to the characteristics of the intervention, outer setting, inner setting and characteristics of the individuals involved. CONCLUSIONS The government initiative to develop and disseminate the guidelines seems to have made very little impact on health professionals' clinical practice. The guidelines were poorly aligned with the health professionals' knowledge and beliefs about effective mental health services for children and youth with depression and anxiety disorders. Suggestions for future efforts to improve the development and implementation of guidelines in Child Mental Health Services settings are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Westerlund
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anneli Ivarsson
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linda Richter-Sundberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Unit of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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169
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Dursun OB, Esin İS, Akıncı MA, Karayağmurlu A, Turan B, Özhan Aşıkhasanoğlu E. The prevalence of childhood mental disorders in different habitations: are we underestimating their prevalence in rural areas? Nord J Psychiatry 2020; 74:201-207. [PMID: 31724474 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2019.1689295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recently, the number of epidemiological studies of child psychiatry has increased, but most of these studies focus on children living in city centres. Unfortunately, one-third of the global population lives in rural areas, and various habitations exist in cities, including city centres and slums. Moreover, despite having a high risk for psychopathology development, individuals who have symptoms but fall outside the limits specified for diagnoses due to having fewer symptoms than those mentioned in diagnostic systems and individuals who do not fulfil the impairment criteria listed in diagnostic systems are not addressed in these studies.Aim: The purpose of this study was to understand the prevalence of DSM-IV childhood psychiatric disorders and subthreshold psychiatric problems from middle-class city centres, city centres in slums, towns and village areas of Turkey with a nationally representative sample using a state-of-the-art methodology.Methods: In total, 1080 children were randomly selected from second and third grades for the study's sample. A structured diagnostic interview was applied.Results: The overall prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 8.4% (n = 91); 7.2% (n = 78) of the children were subthreshold cases. The general prevalence of psychiatric disorders was higher among children living in villages with respect to all the other human settlement areas included in the study.Conclusions: Although global urbanisation foregrounds the mental health of children living in cities, children in rural areas may have a greater risk of developing a mental disorder. This study confirmed that an equal amount of children fell outside of the diagnosing limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Burak Dursun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, International School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Selçuk Esin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Akıncı
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Karayağmurlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahadır Turan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Agrı State Hospital, Agrı, Turkey
| | - Esra Özhan Aşıkhasanoğlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Necip Fazıl State Hospital, Kahraman Maras, Turkey
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170
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Brancher LC, Cademartori MG, Jansen K, da Silva RA, Bach S, Reyes A, Boscato N, Goettems ML. Social, emotional, and behavioral problems and parent-reported sleep bruxism in schoolchildren. J Am Dent Assoc 2020; 151:327-333. [PMID: 32223910 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of theories associate emotional factors with the triggering of sleep bruxism (SB). Few studies have used validated instruments to assess psychological characteristics and SB in children. In this study, the authors aimed to assess the prevalence of parent-reported SB in children and its association with social, emotional, and behavioral problems. METHODS The authors conducted a cross-sectional study with a school-based sample at 20 public schools in Brazil. Parents or caregivers provided information related to tooth-grinding sounds during sleep and about children's social, emotional, and behavioral problems by using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Analyses were carried out considering each subscale of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and the total score. The authors estimated prevalence ratios by using a Poisson regression model. Statistical inferences were based on 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS A total of 556 children aged 8 years were included. Prevalence of SB was 30.83%. Results of an adjusted analysis showed a significant association of SB with higher scores on total difficulties (overall score) (P < .001) and emotional symptoms (P < .001) and peer relationship problems (P = .010) subscales. CONCLUSIONS Parental reports of emotional and behavioral problems were associated with a higher prevalence of SB in schoolchildren. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS This study's results contribute to those of previous investigations about the association between psychological characteristics and SB. Interdisciplinary research involving dentistry and psychology may improve the understanding of bruxism.
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171
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Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Imani V, Griffiths MD, Su JA, Latner JD, Marshall RD, Pakpour AH. A prospective study on the link between weight-related self-stigma and binge eating: Role of food addiction and psychological distress. Int J Eat Disord 2020; 53:442-450. [PMID: 31905249 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This prospective study investigated the link between weight-related self-stigma and binge eating by (a) examining the temporal association between weight-related self-stigma and binge eating; (b) investigating the mediating role of food addiction in the association between weight-related self-stigma and binge eating; and (c) examining the mediating role of psychological distress in the association between weight-related self-stigma and binge eating. METHOD Participants comprised 1,497 adolescents (mean = 15.1 years; SD = 6.0). Body mass index and weight bias were assessed at baseline; psychological distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) assessed and food addiction at 3 months; and binge eating at 6 months. The mediation model was analyzed using Model 4 in the PROCESS macro for SPSS with 10,000 bootstrapping resamples. RESULTS There was no significant direct association between weight-related self-stigma and binge eating. However, food addiction and psychological distress significantly mediated the association between weight-related self-stigma and binge eating. DISCUSSION These findings highlight the indirect association between weight-related self-stigma and binge eating via food addiction and psychological distress. Consequently, intervention programs targeting food addiction and psychological distress among adolescents may have significant positive effects on outcomes for weight-related self-stigma and binge eating. The findings will be beneficial to researchers and healthcare professionals working with adolescents during this critical developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Ahorsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Vida Imani
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jian-An Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Janet D Latner
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Rachel D Marshall
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.,Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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172
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Dalsgaard S, Thorsteinsson E, Trabjerg BB, Schullehner J, Plana-Ripoll O, Brikell I, Wimberley T, Thygesen M, Madsen KB, Timmerman A, Schendel D, McGrath JJ, Mortensen PB, Pedersen CB. Incidence Rates and Cumulative Incidences of the Full Spectrum of Diagnosed Mental Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence. JAMA Psychiatry 2020; 77:155-164. [PMID: 31746968 PMCID: PMC6902162 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.3523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Knowledge about the epidemiology of mental disorders in children and adolescents is essential for research and planning of health services. Surveys can provide prevalence rates, whereas population-based registers are instrumental to obtain precise estimates of incidence rates and risks. OBJECTIVE To estimate age- and sex-specific incidence rates and risks of being diagnosed with any mental disorder during childhood and adolescence. DESIGN This cohort study included all individuals born in Denmark from January 1, 1995, through December 31, 2016 (1.3 million), and followed up from birth until December 31, 2016, or the date of death, emigration, disappearance, or diagnosis of 1 of the mental disorders examined (14.4 million person-years of follow-up). Data were analyzed from September 14, 2018, through June 11, 2019. EXPOSURES Age and sex. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incidence rates and cumulative incidences of all mental disorders according to the ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders: Diagnostic Criteria for Research, diagnosed before 18 years of age during the study period. RESULTS A total of 99 926 individuals (15.01%; 95% CI, 14.98%-15.17%), including 41 350 girls (14.63%; 95% CI, 14.48%-14.77%) and 58 576 boys (15.51%; 95% CI, 15.18%-15.84%), were diagnosed with a mental disorder before 18 years of age. Anxiety disorder was the most common diagnosis in girls (7.85%; 95% CI, 7.74%-7.97%); attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was the most common in boys (5.90%; 95% CI, 5.76%-6.03%). Girls had a higher risk than boys of schizophrenia (0.76% [95% CI, 0.72%-0.80%] vs 0.48% [95% CI, 0.39%-0.59%]), obsessive-compulsive disorder (0.96% [95% CI, 0.92%-1.00%] vs 0.63% [95% CI, 0.56%-0.72%]), and mood disorders (2.54% [95% CI, 2.47%-2.61%] vs 1.10% [95% CI, 0.84%-1.21%]). Incidence peaked earlier in boys than girls in ADHD (8 vs 17 years of age), intellectual disability (5 vs 14 years of age), and other developmental disorders (5 vs 16 years of age). The overall risk of being diagnosed with a mental disorder before 6 years of age was 2.13% (95% CI, 2.11%-2.16%) and was higher in boys (2.78% [95% CI, 2.44%-3.15%]) than in girls (1.45% [95% CI, 1.42%-1.49%]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This nationwide population-based cohort study provides a first comprehensive assessment of the incidence and risks of mental disorders in childhood and adolescence. By 18 years of age, 15.01% of children and adolescents in this study were diagnosed with a mental disorder. The incidence of several neurodevelopmental disorders peaked in late adolescence in girls, suggesting possible delayed detection. The distinct signatures of the different mental disorders with respect to sex and age may have important implications for service planning and etiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Dalsgaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark,National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erla Thorsteinsson
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark,National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Betina B. Trabjerg
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark,National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jörg Schullehner
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Oleguer Plana-Ripoll
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Isabell Brikell
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark,National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Theresa Wimberley
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark,National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Malene Thygesen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark,National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Bang Madsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark,National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Allan Timmerman
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark,National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Diana Schendel
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark,National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - John J. McGrath
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia,Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark,National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carsten B. Pedersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark,National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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173
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Clausen CE, Bazaid K, Azeem MW, Abdelrahim F, Elgawad AAA, Alamiri B, AlAnsari AM, Alhamzawi A, Al Mai AM, Bakhiet AM, Bashtawi M, Çuhadaroğlu F, Hedar M, Holdar M, Jabr S, Jafri AS, Jumaian A, Moussa S, Osman AH, Razjouyan K, Yanes E, Guerrero A, Skokauskas N. Child and adolescent psychiatry training and services in the Middle East region: a current status assessment. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:51-61. [PMID: 31190178 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mental health is a key component of health, yet appropriate care is limited. Evidence concerning child and adolescent mental health has predominantly come from western countries, while the Middle East region, with a large youth population, has reported very little on it. This original, cross-sectional study of child and adolescent psychiatry in the Middle East provides an assessment of current postgraduate programs, services and what is needed to build workforce capacity. Academic psychiatrists from 16 Middle East countries were invited to form a Consortium to map current postgraduate training as one of the determinants of available child and adolescent psychiatry services, identify gaps in the distribution of child and adolescent psychiatrists, and propose potential steps to improve access to child and adolescent mental health care. The study collected data from 15 of the 16 countries invited (no data provided from Yemen). The study revealed underdeveloped child and adolescent psychiatry academic systems throughout the region. Despite recognition of the specialty in a majority of the countries (11/15), only six countries had established a designated child and adolescent psychiatry training program. The overall shortage of child and adolescent mental health specialists varied, yet all Consortium members reported a need for additional child and adolescent psychiatry specialists and allied professionals. Lack of child and adolescent psychiatry specialized programs in place throughout the region has evidently contributed to the shortage of qualified child and adolescent mental health workforce in the Middle East.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khalid Bazaid
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Ahmed A Abd Elgawad
- Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bibi Alamiri
- Alamanra Kuwait Center for Mental Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ahmed Malalla AlAnsari
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Ali Alhamzawi
- College of Medicine, Al-Qadisiyah University, Al-Diwaniya, Iraq
| | | | | | - Mahmoud Bashtawi
- Jordan University of Science and Technology, King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | | | - Mohammad Holdar
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah Jabr
- Mental Health Unit, Ministry of Health, Ramallah, Palestine
| | | | - Amjad Jumaian
- The Royal Medical Services of Jordan, King Hussein Medical City, Amman, Jordan
| | - Suaad Moussa
- Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Eyad Yanes
- World Health Organization, Damascus, Syria
| | - Anthony Guerrero
- University of Hawai'i John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
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174
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The prevalence of mental health problems in sub-Saharan adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2020; 7:e29. [PMID: 33489245 PMCID: PMC7786273 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2020.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress made in HIV treatment and prevention, HIV remains a major cause of adolescent morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. As perinatally infected children increasingly survive into adulthood, the quality of life and mental health of this population has increased in importance. This review provides a synthesis of the prevalence of mental health problems in this population and explores associated factors. A systematic database search (Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus) with an additional hand search was conducted. Peer-reviewed studies on adolescents (aged 10-19), published between 2008 and 2019, assessing mental health symptoms or psychiatric disorders, either by standardized questionnaires or by diagnostic interviews, were included. The search identified 1461 articles, of which 301 were eligible for full-text analysis. Fourteen of these, concerning HIV-positive adolescents, met the inclusion criteria and were critically appraised. Mental health problems were highly prevalent among this group, with around 25% scoring positive for any psychiatric disorder and 30-50% showing emotional or behavioral difficulties or significant psychological distress. Associated factors found by regression analysis were older age, not being in school, impaired family functioning, HIV-related stigma and bullying, and poverty. Social support and parental competence were protective factors. Mental health problems among HIV-positive adolescents are highly prevalent and should be addressed as part of regular HIV care.
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175
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Cuartas J. Improving the Measurement of Children’s Mental Health Problems in Colombia with Item Response Theory. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGÍA 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/.v29n1.77214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examines the psychometric properties of the mental health scale for children used in the 2015 Colombian Mental Health Survey. To do so, a nationally representative sample of 2,727 children is used Mage=8.99; range=7-11, with reports from their main caregivers regarding 26 mental health problem symptoms taken from the Reporting Questionnaire for Children (RQC), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the Brief Screening and Diagnostic Questionnaire (CBTD). Classical test theory and factor analysis were conducted to analyze the classical location and information of each item, along with the dimensionality, reliability, and convergent validity of the scale. Item Response Theory (IRT) was used in order to estimate theoretically invariant item parameters for location and information. Findings reveal that the mental health scale for children has adequate psychometric properties for its use in Colombia. Furthermore, irt analyses reveals a set of items that maximize information and that may be used in future administrations when more efficiency is warranted.
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176
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Scivoletto S, Fondello MA, Otoch LN, Celeri EHRV, Caetano SC, Graeff-Martins AS, Rosario MC, Pallia R, Gutiérrez A, Valdivia M, Viola L, Polanczyk GV. Child and adolescent psychiatry training in Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Chile: current panorama and future challenges. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:71-81. [PMID: 31802272 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mental disorders affect approximately 10-15% of children and adolescents worldwide. In South America these numbers are probably higher due to poverty and adverse life events that frequently affect this region. The availability of qualified services and well-trained professionals to care for those children are by far insufficient. The aim of this study was to assess and describe child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) training in Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile, to support the development and strengthen training standards. The coordinators of CAP residency programs in Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile were invited to answer an online questionnaire about the characteristics of their training programs. Twelve programs from Brazil, three programs from Chile, two from Argentina, and one from Uruguay completed the questionnaires. In the last three countries, CAP is recognized as an independent specialty, while in Brazil it is considered a subspecialty of psychiatry. None of the countries have a national guideline for CAP residency training. Recently, there has been an increase in the number of professionals interested in pursuing a formal CAP training. This is the first study aiming to evaluate the current scenario of CAP training in South America. The results point to a great potential in the evaluated programs, but also to the need for homogeneous criteria for CAP training and evaluation of residents. A more efficient communication among programs would be an enriching strategy for their development, which may be facilitated by the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Scivoletto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marina A Fondello
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luara N Otoch
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sheila C Caetano
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Soledade Graeff-Martins
- Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Serviço de Psiquiatria da Infância e Adolescência, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Conceição Rosario
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Pallia
- Servicio de Salud Mental Pediátrica, Instituto Universitario Escuela de Medicina Des Hospital Italiano IUHI, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Psiquiatría del niño Y del Adolescente, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Hospital Exequiel González Cortés, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Valdivia
- Departamento de Psiquiatría Y Salud Mental, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Laura Viola
- Departamento de Psiquiatría Pediátrica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Guilherme V Polanczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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177
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Llanes-Álvarez C, Andrés-de Llano JM, Álvarez-Navares AI, Pastor-Hidalgo MT, Roncero C, Franco-Martín MA. Trends in Psychiatric Hospitalization of Children and Adolescents in Spain between 2005 and 2015. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E2111. [PMID: 31810229 PMCID: PMC6947568 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders are on top of chronic conditions in children and adolescents, and the most severe cases may require hospitalization. Inpatient psychiatric treatment is one of the most expensive ones and therefore the efforts when treating eating disorders should focus on avoiding and shortening admissions, as well as preventing readmissions. Advances in of eating disorders treatment lie in an accurate knowledge of those patients requiring admission. This study examined the Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos-the largest public hospitalization database in Spain-to estimate the prevalence of eating and other psychiatric disorders during childhood and adolescence. It is a cross-sectional study of the hospital discharges in Castilla y León (Spain) from 2005 to 2015, in which patients under 18 years old with a psychiatric diagnosis at discharge were selected. Trends in the rates of hospitalization/1000 hospitalizations per year were studied by joinpoint regression analysis. Conclusions: eating disorders were the only group that presented an upward and continuous trend throughout the study period. This statistically significant increase showed an annual change of 7.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús M. Andrés-de Llano
- Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia, 34005 Palencia, Spain;
| | - Ana I. Álvarez-Navares
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Salamanca Health Care Complex, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.I.Á.-N.); (C.R.)
| | | | - Carlos Roncero
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Salamanca Health Care Complex, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.I.Á.-N.); (C.R.)
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178
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Alcaraz‐Ibáñez M, Sicilia Á, Paterna A. Exploring the differentiated relationship between appearance and fitness‐related social anxiety and the risk of eating disorders and depression in young adults. Scand J Psychol 2019; 60:569-576. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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179
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Cuartas J, Roy AL. The Latent Threat of Community Violence: Indirect Exposure to Local Homicides and Adolescents' Mental Health in Colombia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 64:218-230. [PMID: 31087369 PMCID: PMC7318774 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the relation between adolescents' indirect exposure to local homicides and mental health disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. We employ a sample of 300 adolescents ( Mage=14.52,range=12-17) representative for Bogotá, Colombia, and geocoded data on violent crimes recorded by the national police. Findings show that one SD increment in local homicides is associated with increments by 0.17 SD in the mental health disorder index and a 0.14 SD increase in the PTSD score index, even after accounting for adolescents' direct exposure to violence. The estimated effect for PTSD was larger for adolescents' who were directly exposed to violence and for those living in multidimensionally poor households, whereas no detectable effects were found for adolescents who perceived their residential neighborhood as relatively safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cuartas
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amanda L Roy
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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180
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Andersson Frondelius I, Ranjbar V, Danielsson L. Adolescents' experiences of being diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a phenomenological study conducted in Sweden. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e031570. [PMID: 31455717 PMCID: PMC6720151 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore adolescents' experiences of being diagnosed with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). DESIGN Qualitative interview study, using a phenomenological framework and analysis. SETTING The children's clinic of a specialised out-care hospital located in a multicultural area of a Swedish city. PARTICIPANTS 13 adolescents, 7 boys and 6 girls between 14 and 19 years old, who had been diagnosed with ADHD. RESULTS The participants' experience of being diagnosed with ADHD was interpreted as a process of understanding oneself as being different, for better or worse, like many others. The participants sought acceptance and a sense of normality, while developing an understanding of both the positive and the negative sides of their ADHD traits. These two sides of a coin were inter-related parts of themselves and were shared by many others, which increased their acceptance. Three themes described phases of the process: struggling with vulnerability, responding to a label and manoeuvring social life. CONCLUSION The results add to previous research, illuminating that the adolescents tried to make sense of both the uniqueness and the vulnerability of the ADHD diagnosis. The findings can be useful for healthcare professionals, in reflecting on the complexity of ADHD and on the adolescents' expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Louise Danielsson
- Research Unit, Angered Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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181
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Pereira-Soares TF, Nunes-Baptista M. Children and Young Anxiety ScaleCYAS: Scale Development and Psychometric Properties in Brazilian Sample. Int J Psychol Res (Medellin) 2019; 12:37-47. [PMID: 32612793 PMCID: PMC7318388 DOI: 10.21500/20112084.4203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to search for evidence of validity based on the relationship with external variables, and incrementally for the Child-Youth Anxiety Scale (CYAS). The convenience sample consists of 500 children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years. The correlation between the scores of the CYAS factors and the scores of the instruments of the other constructs ADHD (MTA-SNAP-IV), anxiety (OQPS), rumination (QRR) and mood states (BRUMS) was initially performed, finding medium and strong correlations, which shows a satisfactory linear relation between the constructs to attest validity based on the relation with external variables. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was also performed with total MTA-SNAP-IV and its factors as criterion. In the modeling, it was possible to observe that, when introduced in the models, the CYAS becomes the latent variable with the greatest contribution, decreasing and canceling the OQPS contribution. These results affirm incremental validity for the CYAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Francisco Pereira-Soares
- Post-Graduation Program in Psychology, São Francisco University. Rua Registro, 188, Jardim Baronesa, Campinas São Paulo Brazil. CEP 13100-308.São Francisco UniversityBrazil
| | - Makilim Nunes-Baptista
- Doc. of the Stricto Sensu Post-Graduation Program in Psychology, São Francisco University. Road of Rhodia, 7250, house 33, village Holandia, Campinas-São Paulo Brazil. CEP 1308-902. São Francisco UniversityBrazil
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182
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Fairchild G, Hawes DJ, Frick PJ, Copeland WE, Odgers CL, Franke B, Freitag CM, De Brito SA. Conduct disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2019; 5:43. [PMID: 31249310 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-019-0095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Conduct disorder (CD) is a common and highly impairing psychiatric disorder that usually emerges in childhood or adolescence and is characterized by severe antisocial and aggressive behaviour. It frequently co-occurs with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and often leads to antisocial personality disorder in adulthood. CD affects ~3% of school-aged children and is twice as prevalent in males than in females. This disorder can be subtyped according to age at onset (childhood-onset versus adolescent-onset) and the presence or absence of callous-unemotional traits (deficits in empathy and guilt). The aetiology of CD is complex, with contributions of both genetic and environmental risk factors and different forms of interplay among the two (gene-environment interaction and correlation). In addition, CD is associated with neurocognitive impairments; smaller grey matter volume in limbic regions such as the amygdala, insula and orbitofrontal cortex, and functional abnormalities in overlapping brain circuits responsible for emotion processing, emotion regulation and reinforcement-based decision-making have been reported. Lower hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic reactivity to stress has also been reported. Management of CD primarily involves parent-based or family-based psychosocial interventions, although stimulants and atypical antipsychotics are sometimes used, especially in individuals with comorbid ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Hawes
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul J Frick
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA and Institute for Learning Science and Teacher Education, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Candice L Odgers
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephane A De Brito
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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183
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Catalá-López F, Ridao M, Hurtado I, Núñez-Beltrán A, Gènova-Maleras R, Alonso-Arroyo A, Tobías A, Aleixandre-Benavent R, Catalá MA, Tabarés-Seisdedos R. Prevalence and comorbidity of autism spectrum disorder in Spain: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Syst Rev 2019; 8:141. [PMID: 31200773 PMCID: PMC6570970 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disorder characterised by impaired social interaction and communication, and restrictive and repetitive behaviour. Previous systematic reviews have traditionally assessed the prevalence of ASD on global or regional context, with very few meta-analyses at the country level. The objective of this study will be to systematically evaluate published and unpublished observational studies that present prevalence and comorbidity of ASD among children, adolescent and adult population in Spain. METHODS/DESIGN We designed and registered a study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of descriptive epidemiology data. Observational studies (cohort, cross-sectional) reporting the prevalence of ASD and conducted in a wide range of people (e.g. general population, outpatient and/or school settings) will be included. The primary outcome will be the prevalence of ASD. Secondary outcomes will be the prevalence of any physical or mental comorbidity in association with ASD. No limitations will be imposed on publication status, study conduct period, and language of dissemination. Comprehensive literature searches will be conducted in seven electronic databases (from January 1980 onwards), including PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, IME-Spanish Medical Index and IBECS-Spanish Bibliographic Index of Health Sciences. Grey literature will be identified through searching dissertation databases, Google Scholar and conference abstracts. Two team members will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. Potential conflicts will be resolved through discussion. The study methodological quality (or bias) will be appraised using an appropriate tool. If feasible, we will conduct random effects meta-analysis of observational data. Prevalence estimates will be stratified according to gender, age and geographical location. Additional analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity (e.g. methodological quality, sample size, diagnostic criteria). DISCUSSION This systematic review and meta-analysis of observational data will identify, evaluate and integrate the epidemiological knowledge underlying the prevalence of ASD in Spain. The results of this study will be of interest to multiple audiences including patients, their families, caregivers, healthcare professional, scientists and policy makers. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Implications for future epidemiological research will be discussed. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42018090372.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferrán Catalá-López
- Department of Health Planning and Economics, National School of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Ridao
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Hurtado
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO-Salud Pública), Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Ricard Gènova-Maleras
- Directorate General for Public Health, Madrid Regional Health Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo Alonso-Arroyo
- Department of History of Science and Documentation, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Information and Social and Health Research Unit (UISYS), University of Valencia and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Aurelio Tobías
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Aleixandre-Benavent
- Information and Social and Health Research Unit (UISYS), University of Valencia and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- Institute for Innovation and Knowledge Management (INGENIO)/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
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184
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Revising the self-report strengths and difficulties questionnaire for cross-country comparisons of adolescent mental health problems: the SDQ-R. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2019; 29:e35. [PMID: 31046859 PMCID: PMC8061161 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796019000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) has been used in many epidemiological studies to assess adolescent mental health problems, but cross-country comparisons of the self-report SDQ are scarce and so far failed to find a good-fitting, common, invariant measurement model across countries. The present study aims to evaluate and establish a version of the self-report SDQ that allows for a valid cross-country comparison of adolescent self-reported mental health problems. METHODS Using the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, the measurement model and measurement invariance of the 20 items of the self-report SDQ measuring adolescent mental health problems were evaluated. Nationally representative samples of 11-, 13- and 15-year old adolescents (n = 33 233) from seven countries of different regions in Europe (Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovenia) were used. RESULTS In order to establish a good-fitting and common measurement model, the five reverse worded items of the self-report SDQ had to be removed. Using this revised version of the self-report SDQ, the SDQ-R, partial measurement invariance was established, indicating that latent factor means assessing conduct problems, emotional symptoms, peer relationships problems and hyperactivity-inattention problems could be validly compared across the countries in this study. Results showed that adolescents in Greece scored relatively low on almost all problem subscales, whereas adolescents in Poland scored relatively high on almost all problem subscales. Adolescents in the Netherlands reported the most divergent profile of mental health problems with the lowest levels of conduct problems, low levels of emotional symptoms and peer relationship problems, but the highest levels of hyperactivity-inattention problems. CONCLUSIONS With six factor loadings being non-invariant, partial measurement invariance was established, indicating that the 15-item SDQ-R could be used in our cross-country comparison of adolescent mental health problems. To move the field of internationally comparative research on adolescent mental health forward, studies should test the applicability of the SDQ-R in other countries in- and outside Europe, continue to develop the SDQ-R as a cross-country invariant measure of adolescent mental health, and examine explanations for the found country differences in adolescent mental health problems.
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Kok JK, Low SK. Risk factors contributing to vulnerability of mental health disorders and the protective factors among Malaysian youth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/21683603.2018.1499573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kuan Kok
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Sew Kim Low
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
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186
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Azzopardi PS, Hearps SJC, Francis KL, Kennedy EC, Mokdad AH, Kassebaum NJ, Lim S, Irvine CMS, Vos T, Brown AD, Dogra S, Kinner SA, Kaoma NS, Naguib M, Reavley NJ, Requejo J, Santelli JS, Sawyer SM, Skirbekk V, Temmerman M, Tewhaiti-Smith J, Ward JL, Viner RM, Patton GC. Progress in adolescent health and wellbeing: tracking 12 headline indicators for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016. Lancet 2019; 393:1101-1118. [PMID: 30876706 PMCID: PMC6429986 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid demographic, epidemiological, and nutritional transitons have brought a pressing need to track progress in adolescent health. Here, we present country-level estimates of 12 headline indicators from the Lancet Commission on adolescent health and wellbeing, from 1990 to 2016. METHODS Indicators included those of health outcomes (disability-adjusted life-years [DALYs] due to communicable, maternal, and nutritional diseases; injuries; and non-communicable diseases); health risks (tobacco smoking, binge drinking, overweight, and anaemia); and social determinants of health (adolescent fertility; completion of secondary education; not in education, employment, or training [NEET]; child marriage; and demand for contraception satisfied with modern methods). We drew data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016, International Labour Organisation, household surveys, and the Barro-Lee education dataset. FINDINGS From 1990 to 2016, remarkable shifts in adolescent health occurred. A decrease in disease burden in many countries has been offset by population growth in countries with the poorest adolescent health profiles. Compared with 1990, an additional 250 million adolescents were living in multi-burden countries in 2016, where they face a heavy and complex burden of disease. The rapidity of nutritional transition is evident from the 324·1 million (18%) of 1·8 billion adolescents globally who were overweight or obese in 2016, an increase of 176·9 million compared with 1990, and the 430·7 million (24%) who had anaemia in 2016, an increase of 74·2 million compared with 1990. Child marriage remains common, with an estimated 66 million women aged 20-24 years married before age 18 years. Although gender-parity in secondary school completion exists globally, prevalence of NEET remains high for young women in multi-burden countries, suggesting few opportunities to enter the workforce in these settings. INTERPRETATION Although disease burden has fallen in many settings, demographic shifts have heightened global inequalities. Global disease burden has changed little since 1990 and the prevalence of many adolescent health risks have increased. Health, education, and legal systems have not kept pace with shifting adolescent needs and demographic changes. Gender inequity remains a powerful driver of poor adolescent health in many countries. FUNDING Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Azzopardi
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Maternal and Child Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Wardliparingga Aboriginal Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | | | - Kate L Francis
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Elissa C Kennedy
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Maternal and Child Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ali H Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Kassebaum
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen Lim
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Caleb M S Irvine
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theo Vos
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alex D Brown
- Wardliparingga Aboriginal Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Surabhi Dogra
- Youth Commissioner, Lancet Standing Commission on Adolescent Health and Wellbeing, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Stuart A Kinner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Natasha S Kaoma
- Youth Commissioner, Lancet Standing Commission on Adolescent Health and Wellbeing, Lusaka, Zambia; Copper Rose, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mariam Naguib
- Youth Commissioner, Lancet Standing Commission on Adolescent Health and Wellbeing, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Nicola J Reavley
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer Requejo
- United Nations Children's Fund, New York, NY, USA; Institute for International Programs, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John S Santelli
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan M Sawyer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Vegard Skirbekk
- Department of Population and Family Health at the Mailman School, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marleen Temmerman
- Centre of Excellence in Women, Child and Adolescent Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jordan Tewhaiti-Smith
- Youth Commissioner, Lancet Standing Commission on Adolescent Health and Wellbeing, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Joseph L Ward
- UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Russell M Viner
- UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - George C Patton
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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187
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Tran TD, Kaligis F, Wiguna T, Willenberg L, Nguyen HTM, Luchters S, Azzopardi P, Fisher J. Screening for depressive and anxiety disorders among adolescents in Indonesia: Formal validation of the centre for epidemiologic studies depression scale - revised and the Kessler psychological distress scale. J Affect Disord 2019; 246:189-194. [PMID: 30583144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to culturally verify and examine the empirical psychometric properties of the Indonesian versions of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale - Revised (CESD-R), the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale - 10 items (K10) and a subset of 6 items of the K10, the K6 to detect depressive and anxiety disorders among older adolescents in Indonesia. METHODS The empirical psychometric properties were examined formally among students aged 16-18 years attending high schools in Jakarta. The scales were validated against the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-Kid) modules for major depressive episode, dysthymia, panic disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. RESULTS In total, 196 students contributed complete data. All of the scales had Cronbach's alpha >0.8. The areas under the ROC Curve of CESD-R against MINI depressive disorders and K10/K6 against MINI depressive and anxiety disorders were at moderate to high accuracy levels (0.78 to 0.86). The optimal cut-off value of CESD-R (scores ranging: 0-60) to screen for any depressive disorder is ≥20 (sensitivity 75.0%; specificity 79.9%). The optimal cut-off value of K10 to detect any depressive/anxiety disorders is ≥18 (sensitivity 85.7%; specificity 74.7%); and K6 is ≥12 (sensitivity 81.0%; specificity 76.6%); LIMITATIONS: The school-based sample limits the generalisability of the findings to this group. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the CESD-R I is a useful tool for screening for depressive disorders and both the K10 I and K6 I are useful for screening for any depressive or anxiety disorders among Indonesian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thach Duc Tran
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Fransiska Kaligis
- Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Kimia II no 35, Jakarta Pusat 10430, Indonesia
| | - Tjhin Wiguna
- Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Kimia II no 35, Jakarta Pusat 10430, Indonesia
| | - Lisa Willenberg
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Hau Thi Minh Nguyen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Stanley Luchters
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Peter Azzopardi
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne Victoria 3004, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Building 181, Grattan Street, Melbourne Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jane Fisher
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Victoria 3004, Australia
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188
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Clinical and electroencephalographic correlates of psychiatric features in children with frontal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 92:283-289. [PMID: 30731294 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) is often associated with psychiatric features, although the factors predisposing to the concurrence of these conditions have yet to be determined, especially in younger children. We aimed at defining possible clinical and electroencephalography (EEG) features that may enhance the psychiatric risk in pediatric FLE. METHOD We performed a structured psychiatric assessment of 59 children with FLE, using both categorical and dimensional approaches, correlated psychopathology with epilepsy data, and cognitive development. RESULTS About 1/3 of patients with FLE displayed intellectual disability (ID), and more than 2/3 displayed psychiatric disorders, including depression, disruptive behaviors, anxiety, and bipolar/psychotic disorders. Psychiatric dimensions such as impulse control problems, attentional deficits, social problems, and aggressive behaviors were frequent features of FLE. Intellectual disability was associated with an earlier onset of psychiatric disorders and more frequent disruptive behavior disorders and aggressiveness. Long-standing epilepsy and bilateral or anterior frontal EEG abnormalities also increased the risk of psychopathology. Finally, right-hemisphere lesions were associated with disruptive behavior disorders, fast EEG rhythms with attention/memory problems, and phases of seizure remission with impulse control problems. CONCLUSIONS Clinical and EEG markers of increased psychopathological risk may help in defining consistent at-risk subgroups within FLE and improving early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Categorical and dimensional approaches to psychiatric diagnosis may generate new research hypotheses and support the investigation of the complex pathophysiological bases shared by different neurodevelopmental disturbances.
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189
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Catalá-López F, Ridao M, Núñez-Beltrán A, Gènova-Maleras R, Alonso-Arroyo A, Aleixandre-Benavent R, Catalá MA, Tabarés-Seisdedos R. Prevalence and comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Spain: study protocol for extending a systematic review with updated meta-analysis of observational studies. Syst Rev 2019; 8:49. [PMID: 30744675 PMCID: PMC6371515 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-0967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of symptoms of developmentally inappropriate and impaired inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity, with difficulties often continuing into adulthood. ADHD can come with other comorbid conditions. The aim of this study will be to quantify the prevalence and comorbidity of ADHD among children, adolescent, and adult population in Spain. METHODS/DESIGN We designed and registered a study protocol for an update and expansion of a systematic review and meta-analysis of pooled prevalence data. We will include cross-sectional observational studies reporting prevalence of ADHD in Spain and conducted in the general population, outpatient, and/or school settings. The primary outcome will be the prevalence of ADHD. Secondary outcomes will be the prevalence of any physical or mental comorbidity in association with ADHD. No limitations will be imposed on publication status, study conduct period, and language of dissemination. Comprehensive literature searches will be conducted in multiple electronic databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, IME - Spanish Medical Index, and IBECS - Spanish Bibliographic Index of Health Sciences. We will also search Google Scholar, dissertation databases, and conference abstracts. Two team members will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. Potential conflicts will be resolved through discussion. The methodological quality (or risk of bias) of individual studies will be appraised using an appropriate tool. If feasible, we will conduct random effects meta-analysis. Prevalence estimates will be stratified according to gender, age, and geographical location. Additional analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity (e.g., methodological quality, sample size, diagnostic criteria). DISCUSSION This systematic review and meta-analysis of observational data will provide an updated synthesis of the prevalence and comorbidity of ADHD in Spain. This study will also examine factors that may explain potential variations in prevalence data. The findings of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42018106082 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferrán Catalá-López
- Department of Health Planning and Economics, National School of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación en Servicios de Salud, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Ridao
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Ricard Gènova-Maleras
- Directorate General for Public Health, Madrid Regional Health Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo Alonso-Arroyo
- Department of History of Science and Documentation, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Information and Social and Health Research Unit (UISYS), University of Valencia and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Aleixandre-Benavent
- Information and Social and Health Research Unit (UISYS), University of Valencia and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- Institute for Innovation and Knowledge Management (INGENIO)/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
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190
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Ercan ES, Polanczyk G, Akyol Ardıc U, Yuce D, Karacetın G, Tufan AE, Tural U, Aksu H, Aktepe E, Rodopman Arman A, Başgül S, Bılac O, Coşkun M, Celık GG, Karakoc Demırkaya S, Dursun BO, Durukan İ, Fidan T, Perdahlı Fiş N, Gençoğlan S, Gökçen C, Görker I, Görmez V, Gündoğdu ÖY, Gürkan CK, Hergüner S, Tural Hesapçıoğlu S, Kandemir H, Kılıç BG, Kılınçaslan A, Mutluer T, Nasiroğlu S, Özel Özcan Ö, Öztürk M, Öztop D, Yalın Sapmaz S, Süren S, Şahin N, Yolga Tahıroglu A, Toros F, Ünal F, Vural P, Perçinel Yazıcı İ, Yazıcı KU, Yıldırım V, Yulaf Y, Yüce M, Yüksel T, Akdemir D, Altun H, Ayık B, Bilgic A, Hekim Bozkurt Ö, Demirbaş Çakır E, Çeri V, Üçok Demir N, Dinç G, Irmak MY, Karaman D, Kınık MF, Mazlum B, Memik NÇ, Foto Özdemir D, Sınır H, Ince Taşdelen B, Taşkın B, Uğur Ç, Uran P, Uysal T, Üneri Ö, Yilmaz S, Seval Yılmaz S, Açıkel B, Aktaş H, Alaca R, Alıç BG, Almaidan M, Arı FP, Aslan C, Atabay E, Ay MG, Aydemir H, Ayrancı G, Babadagı Z, Bayar H, Çon Bayhan P, Bayram Ö, Dikmeer Bektaş N, Berberoğlu KK, Bostan R, Arıcı Canlı M, Cansız MA, Ceylan C, Coşkun N, Coşkun S, Çakan Y, Demir İ, Demir N, Yıldırım Demirdöğen E, Doğan B, Dönmez YE, Dönder F, Efe A, Eray Ş, Erbilgin S, Erden S, Ersoy EG, Eseroğlu T, Kına Fırat S, Eynallı Gök E, Güler G, Güles Z, Güneş S, Güneş A, Günay G, Gürbüz Özgür B, Güven G, Çelik Göksoy Ş, Horozcu H, Irmak A, Işık Ü, Kahraman Ö, Kalaycı BM, Karaaslan U, Karadağ M, Kılıc HT, Kılıçaslan F, Kınay D, Kocael Ö, Bulanık Koç E, Kadir Mutlu R, Lushi-Şan Z, Nalbant K, Okumus N, Özbek F, Akkuş Özdemir F, Özdemir H, Özkan S, Yıldırım Özyurt E, Polat B, Polat H, Sekmen E, Sertçelik M, Sevgen FH, Sevince O, Süleyman F, Shamkhalova Ü, Eren Şimşek N, Tanır Y, Tekden M, Temtek S, Topal M, Topal Z, Türk T, Uçar HN, Uçar F, Uygun D, Uzun N, Vatansever Z, Yazgılı NG, Miniksar Yıldız D, Yıldız N. The prevalence of childhood psychopathology in Turkey: a cross-sectional multicenter nationwide study (EPICPAT-T). Nord J Psychiatry 2019; 73:132-140. [PMID: 30964388 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2019.1574892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of childhood psychopathologies in Turkey. METHOD A nation-wide, randomly selected, representative population of 5830 children (6-13 years-old) enrolled as a 2nd,3rd or 4th grade student in 30 cities were evaluated for presence of a psychiatric or mental disorder by a Sociodemographic Form, Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), and DSM-IV-Based Screening Scale for Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Children and Adolescents scales. Impairment criterion was assessed via a 3 point-Likert scale by the parent and the teacher independently. RESULTS Overall prevalence of any psychopathology was 37.6% without impairment criterion, and 17.1% with impairment criterion. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder was the most frequent diagnosis, followed by anxiety (19.5% and 16.7% without impairment, 12.4% and 5.3% with impairment, respectively). Lower education level and presence of a physical or psychiatric problem of the parents were independent predictors of any psychopathology of the offspring. CONCLUSION This is the largest and most comprehensive epidemiological study to determine the prevalence of psychopathologies in children and adolescents in Turkey. Our results partly higher than, and partly comparable to previous national and international studies. It also contributes to the literature by determining the independent predictors of psychopathologies in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyup Sabri Ercan
- a Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ege University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Guilherme Polanczyk
- b Department of Psychiatry , University of Sao Paulo Medical School , São Paulo , BR
| | - Ulku Akyol Ardıc
- c Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department , Denizli State Hospital , Denizli , Turkey
| | - Deniz Yuce
- d Department of Preventive Oncology and Epidemiology , Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Gul Karacetın
- e Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Bakirkoy Prof. Dr. Mazhar OSMAN Training and Research Hospital for Mental Health and Nervous Disorders , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ali Evren Tufan
- f Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Acıbadem University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Umit Tural
- g Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Kocaeli University , Izmit , Turkey
| | - Hatice Aksu
- h Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Adnan Menderes University , Aydın , Turkey
| | - Evrim Aktepe
- i Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Suleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey
| | - Ayşe Rodopman Arman
- j Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Marmara University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Senem Başgül
- k Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Private Clinic , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Oznur Bılac
- l Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Manisa Hospital for Mental Health and Nervous Disorders , Manisa , Turkey
| | - Murat Coşkun
- m Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Gonca Gul Celık
- n Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Çukurova University , Adana , Turkey
| | - Sevcan Karakoc Demırkaya
- h Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Adnan Menderes University , Aydın , Turkey
| | - Burak Onur Dursun
- o Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - İbrahim Durukan
- p Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Gülhane Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Tülin Fidan
- q Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Osmangazi University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Neşe Perdahlı Fiş
- j Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Marmara University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Salih Gençoğlan
- r Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Private Clinic , Van , Turkey
| | - Cem Gökçen
- s Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Gaziantep University , Gaziantep , Turkey
| | - Işık Görker
- t Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey
| | - Vahdet Görmez
- u Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Bezmi-alem University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Özlem Yıldız Gündoğdu
- v Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Kocaeli University , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Cihat Kaan Gürkan
- w Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Sabri Hergüner
- x Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Necmettin Erbakan University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Selma Tural Hesapçıoğlu
- y Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
| | - Hasan Kandemir
- z Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Harran University , Sanlıurfa , Turkey
| | - Birim Günay Kılıç
- w Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ayse Kılınçaslan
- m Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Tuba Mutluer
- r Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Private Clinic , Van , Turkey
| | - Serhat Nasiroğlu
- aa Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Sakarya University , Sakarya , Turkey
| | - Özlem Özel Özcan
- ab Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Mücahit Öztürk
- k Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Private Clinic , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Didem Öztop
- ac Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Erciyes University , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Sermin Yalın Sapmaz
- ad Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Celal Bayar University , Manisa , Turkey
| | - Serkan Süren
- ae Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , 19 May University, Samsun , Turkey
| | - Nilfer Şahin
- af Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University , Muğla , Turkey
| | - Aysegul Yolga Tahıroglu
- n Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Çukurova University , Adana , Turkey
| | - Fevziye Toros
- ag Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Mersin University , Mersin , Turkey
| | - Fatih Ünal
- ah Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Pınar Vural
- ai Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Uludağ University , Bursa , Turkey
| | - İpek Perçinel Yazıcı
- aj Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Fırat University , Elazığ , Turkey
| | - Kemal Utku Yazıcı
- aj Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Fırat University , Elazığ , Turkey
| | - Veli Yıldırım
- ag Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Mersin University , Mersin , Turkey
| | - Yasemin Yulaf
- ak Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Private Clinic , Tekirdağ , Turkey
| | - Murat Yüce
- ae Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , 19 May University, Samsun , Turkey
| | - Tuğba Yüksel
- al Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Dıcle University , Diyarbakır , Turkey
| | - Devrim Akdemir
- ah Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Hatice Altun
- am Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaraş , Turkey
| | - Başak Ayık
- an Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Usküdar University , İstanbul , Turkey
| | - Ayhan Bilgic
- x Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Necmettin Erbakan University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Özlem Hekim Bozkurt
- ao Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ankara Hematology and Oncology Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Emine Demirbaş Çakır
- ap Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Abant Izzet Baysal University , Bolu , Turkey
| | - Veysi Çeri
- j Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Marmara University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Nagehan Üçok Demir
- j Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Marmara University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Gülser Dinç
- ao Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ankara Hematology and Oncology Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yasin Irmak
- j Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Marmara University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Dursun Karaman
- p Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Gülhane Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fatih Kınık
- v Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Kocaeli University , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Betül Mazlum
- k Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Private Clinic , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Nursu Çakın Memik
- v Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Kocaeli University , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Dilşad Foto Özdemir
- ah Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Hayati Sınır
- am Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaraş , Turkey
| | - Bedia Ince Taşdelen
- aq Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Kayseri Education and Research Hospital , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Beril Taşkın
- k Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Private Clinic , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Çağatay Uğur
- ao Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ankara Hematology and Oncology Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Pınar Uran
- ar Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ankara Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Taciser Uysal
- as Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Maternity and Child Health Hospital , Isparta , Turkey
| | - Özden Üneri
- ao Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ankara Hematology and Oncology Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Savas Yilmaz
- x Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Necmettin Erbakan University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Sultan Seval Yılmaz
- j Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Marmara University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Burak Açıkel
- x Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Necmettin Erbakan University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Aktaş
- al Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Dıcle University , Diyarbakır , Turkey
| | - Rümeysa Alaca
- al Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Dıcle University , Diyarbakır , Turkey
| | - Betül Gül Alıç
- w Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Mahmut Almaidan
- p Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Gülhane Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Fatma Pınar Arı
- q Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Osmangazi University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Cihan Aslan
- ah Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ender Atabay
- j Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Marmara University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Merve Günay Ay
- w Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Hilal Aydemir
- ao Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ankara Hematology and Oncology Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Gülseda Ayrancı
- j Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Marmara University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Zehra Babadagı
- ae Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , 19 May University, Samsun , Turkey
| | - Hasan Bayar
- s Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Gaziantep University , Gaziantep , Turkey
| | - Pelin Çon Bayhan
- ab Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Özlem Bayram
- x Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Necmettin Erbakan University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Neşe Dikmeer Bektaş
- ah Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Kıvanç Kudret Berberoğlu
- t Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey
| | - Recep Bostan
- ag Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Mersin University , Mersin , Turkey
| | - Merve Arıcı Canlı
- w Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Cansız
- ap Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Abant Izzet Baysal University , Bolu , Turkey
| | - Cansın Ceylan
- t Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey
| | - Neşe Coşkun
- k Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Private Clinic , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Seyma Coşkun
- s Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Gaziantep University , Gaziantep , Turkey
| | - Yasemin Çakan
- m Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - İbrahim Demir
- ao Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ankara Hematology and Oncology Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Nuran Demir
- ap Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Abant Izzet Baysal University , Bolu , Turkey
| | - Esen Yıldırım Demirdöğen
- o Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Büşra Doğan
- ah Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Yunus Emre Dönmez
- ab Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Funda Dönder
- v Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Kocaeli University , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Efe
- w Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Şafak Eray
- ai Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Uludağ University , Bursa , Turkey
| | - Seda Erbilgin
- m Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Semih Erden
- ah Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Elif Gökçe Ersoy
- q Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Osmangazi University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Tuğba Eseroğlu
- e Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Bakirkoy Prof. Dr. Mazhar OSMAN Training and Research Hospital for Mental Health and Nervous Disorders , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Sümeyra Kına Fırat
- w Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ezgi Eynallı Gök
- n Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Çukurova University , Adana , Turkey
| | - Gülen Güler
- ag Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Mersin University , Mersin , Turkey
| | - Zafer Güles
- h Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Adnan Menderes University , Aydın , Turkey
| | - Serkan Güneş
- ag Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Mersin University , Mersin , Turkey
| | - Adem Güneş
- at Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department , Private clinic , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Gülay Günay
- at Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department , Private clinic , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Börte Gürbüz Özgür
- h Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Adnan Menderes University , Aydın , Turkey
| | - Gökçen Güven
- at Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department , Private clinic , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Şeyda Çelik Göksoy
- at Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department , Private clinic , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Havvana Horozcu
- ah Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ayşe Irmak
- ac Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Erciyes University , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Ümit Işık
- x Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Necmettin Erbakan University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Özlem Kahraman
- ac Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Erciyes University , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Bilge Merve Kalaycı
- ah Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Umut Karaaslan
- am Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaraş , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Karadağ
- s Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Gaziantep University , Gaziantep , Turkey
| | - Hilal Tuğba Kılıc
- w Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Fethiye Kılıçaslan
- z Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Harran University , Sanlıurfa , Turkey
| | - Duygu Kınay
- at Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department , Private clinic , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ömer Kocael
- ai Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Uludağ University , Bursa , Turkey
| | - Esra Bulanık Koç
- at Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department , Private clinic , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Rahime Kadir Mutlu
- ah Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Zejnep Lushi-Şan
- ac Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Erciyes University , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Kevser Nalbant
- ah Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Okumus
- v Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Kocaeli University , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Fatih Özbek
- at Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department , Private clinic , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Fatma Akkuş Özdemir
- w Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Hanife Özdemir
- j Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Marmara University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Selçuk Özkan
- p Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Gülhane Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Esra Yıldırım Özyurt
- v Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Kocaeli University , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Berna Polat
- ag Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Mersin University , Mersin , Turkey
| | - Hatice Polat
- aq Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Kayseri Education and Research Hospital , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Ebru Sekmen
- ao Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ankara Hematology and Oncology Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sertçelik
- w Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Feyza Hatice Sevgen
- am Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaraş , Turkey
| | - Oğuz Sevince
- n Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Çukurova University , Adana , Turkey
| | - Funda Süleyman
- at Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department , Private clinic , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ülker Shamkhalova
- n Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Çukurova University , Adana , Turkey
| | - Nurcan Eren Şimşek
- v Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Kocaeli University , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Yaşar Tanır
- w Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tekden
- at Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department , Private clinic , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Seyhan Temtek
- ao Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ankara Hematology and Oncology Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Melike Topal
- at Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department , Private clinic , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Zehra Topal
- ap Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Abant Izzet Baysal University , Bolu , Turkey
| | - Tuğba Türk
- at Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department , Private clinic , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Halit Necmi Uçar
- ai Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Uludağ University , Bursa , Turkey
| | - Filiz Uçar
- ae Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , 19 May University, Samsun , Turkey
| | - Duygu Uygun
- ao Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Ankara Hematology and Oncology Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Necati Uzun
- x Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Necmettin Erbakan University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Zeynep Vatansever
- v Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Kocaeli University , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Neslihan Gökçe Yazgılı
- ah Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Dilşat Miniksar Yıldız
- ab Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Nazike Yıldız
- t Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey
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191
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Famitafreshi H, Karimian M. Social Isolation Rearing Induces Neuropsychiatric Diseases: Updated Overview. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2019; 4:190-195. [PMID: 30815454 DOI: 10.1159/000495659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric and neurologic diseases cause a great burden for individuals, families, and societies. Social isolation rearing can trigger a variety of psychiatric diseases. New advances suggest that epigenetic factors along with other neurochemical changes can be an important topic in neuropsychiatric diseases. It is thought that the prevention of social isolation rearing that occurs around birth can reduce the occurrence of neuropsychiatric diseases. It has been suggested that the environment can induce epigenetic alternation. So, for the diagnosis of a proportion of neuropsychiatric diseases, assessing epigenetic factors may be helpful. Also, apart from epigenetic factors, new advances have been made about new mechanisms of and treatments for such a disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Famitafreshi
- Physiology Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Karimian
- Physiology Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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192
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Mohammadinia L, Khorasani-Zavareh D, Ebadi A, Malekafzali H, Ardalan A, Fazel M. Characteristics and components of children's and adolescents' resilience in disasters in Iran: a qualitative study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2019; 13:1479584. [PMID: 29932844 PMCID: PMC6032014 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2018.1479584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Children and adolescents are vulnerable in times of disaster and they will suffer more severely if neglected. The concept of resilience differs between cultures, and identifying the components of resilience is essential for decision making and interventions in disasters such as risk management. This study aimed to identify the components of children's resilience in disasters in Iran. This qualitative study took a content-analysis approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 23 people and three group meetings. Conventional content analysis was used for data analysis. MAXQDA 10 software was used for classification. The resilience components derived from the data were categorized into two main categories, internal and external, and eight subcategories covering psychological, emotional, cognitive, mental, spiritual, physical, social, and behavioral factors. The results also showed that the nature of resilience is both intrinsic and extrinsic. Recognizing the dimensions of children's resilience in disasters can lead to a new perspective for authorities and planners in disaster and emergency situations. The results of this study could be used by planners and policymakers to develop interventions to enhance children's and adolescents' resilience at the time of disasters, which is also underlined and highlighted by international documents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mohammadinia
- a Department of Disaster Public Health, School of Public Health , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b Health Human Resource Research Center, Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Management &Information Sciences , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh
- c Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,d Department of Health in Disaster and Emergency, School of Health, Safety and Environment , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,e Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Abbas Ebadi
- f Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Life Style Institute, Faculty of Nursing , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hossein Malekafzali
- g Department of Heath Policy , Permanent Member of Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali Ardalan
- a Department of Disaster Public Health, School of Public Health , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,h Harvard Humanitarian Initiative , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Mojtaba Fazel
- i Pediatric Nephrology, Valiasr Hospital, Imam Complex , Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran , Iran
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193
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Cademartori MG, Corrêa MB, Silva RA, Goettems ML. Childhood social, emotional, and behavioural problems and their association with behaviour in the dental setting. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29:43-49. [PMID: 30381852 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders are among the main causes of global disability in children, with negative impacts on their quality of life. It is possible that mental disorders could be associated with how children react in the dental setting. AIM To test the association between children's psychological attributes and behaviour presented during dental care. DESIGN A questionnaire was given to mothers of children attending a paediatric dental clinic. Psychological attributes were evaluated using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. For analysis, the Internalizing and Externalizing problems and the Prosocial behaviour subscales were considered. Children's behaviour was assessed using the Frankl Scale. For analysis, Poisson regression models were employed. A significant level of P ≤ 0.05 was adopted. RESULTS Overall, 128 children aged between four and 12 years were included. Total difficulties (PR 5.36; 95%CI 2.2-12.9), Internalizing problems (PR 4.04; 95%CI 1.6-10.0), and externalizing problems (PR 3.36; 1.5-7.7) were associated with uncooperative behaviour. In relation to the strength domain, the Prosocial behaviour subscale (PR 1.21; 95%CI 0.6-2.6) was not associated with child behaviour. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that children aged between four and 12 years with internalizing and externalizing problems tend to have a higher prevalence of negative behaviour during dental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos B Corrêa
- Department of Dentistry and Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Silva
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Marília L Goettems
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry and Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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194
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Yatham S, Sivathasan S, Yoon R, da Silva TL, Ravindran AV. Depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder among youth in low and middle income countries: A review of prevalence and treatment interventions. Asian J Psychiatr 2018; 38:78-91. [PMID: 29117922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low and middle income countries (LMICs) not only have the majority of the world's population but also the largest proportion of youth. Poverty, civil conflict and environmental stressors tend to be endemic in these countries and contribute to significant psychiatric morbidity, including depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, mental health data from LMICs is scarce, particularly data on youth. Evaluation of such information is crucial for planning services and reducing the burden of disability. This paper reviews the published data on the prevalence and randomized trials of interventions for depression, anxiety and PTSD in youth in LMICs. METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for articles published in English up to January 2017, using the keywords: Low/middle income country, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, child, youth, adolescent, prevalence, treatment, intervention, and outcomes. RESULTS The few prevalence studies in LMICs reported rates of up to 28% for significant symptoms of depression or anxiety among youth, and up to 87% for symptoms of PTSD among youth exposed to traumatic experienences, though these rates varied widely depending on several factors, including the assessments tools used. Most rigorous interventions employed some form or variation of CBT, with mixed results. Studies using other forms of psychosocial interventions appear to be heterogeneous and less rigorous. CONCLUSIONS The mental health burden due to depression and anxiety disorders in youth is substantial in LMICs, with high needs but inadequate services. Youth specific services for early detection and cost-effective interventions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Yatham
- University of British Columbia, Canada (Currently St. George's Medical School, University of London, United Kingdom)
| | | | - Rosalia Yoon
- University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada
| | - Tricia L da Silva
- University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada
| | - Arun V Ravindran
- University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada.
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195
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Eli K. Latin American countries lead in Google search volumes for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: Implications for global mental health research. Int J Eat Disord 2018; 51:1352-1356. [PMID: 30478851 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although eating disorders occur worldwide, prevalence data beyond Euro-American contexts are sparse, and eating disorders largely remain outside global mental health agendas. This study aims to address this gap in the epidemiological literature through a global infodemiological comparison of Google search volumes for the topics "Anorexia nervosa" and "Bulimia nervosa." METHOD Data were generated through Google Trends, a tool that assesses the relative search volumes of keywords and topics. Google Trends data, collected from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2016, were obtained for the relative search volumes of the topics "Anorexia nervosa" and "Bulimia nervosa" worldwide. RESULTS The findings revealed that Latin American countries accounted for the top 10 in search volume for both topics, with Mexico ranked first until 2016, when Bolivia rose to the top of the list. DISCUSSION The results suggest that eating disorders are of considerable and consistent salience across Latin America, and that population-based, nationally representative studies to assess the prevalence of eating disorders in Latin American countries should be prioritized within global mental health research agendas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Eli
- Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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196
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Lesinskiene S, Girdzijauskiene S, Gintiliene G, Butkiene D, Puras D, Goodman R, Heiervang E. Epidemiological study of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders in Lithuania. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:548. [PMID: 29699524 PMCID: PMC5921298 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background From the public health perspective, epidemiological data of child mental health and psychosocial correlates were necessary and very lacking in Lithuanian society that has been undergoing rapid socio-economic change since the past decades. Together with determining the prevalence rates of disorders and assessing the needs for the services, this study has also shifted attention from the highly selective samples of children attending children and adolescent mental health services towards less severe cases of psychopathology as well as different attitudes of parents and teachers. The aim of the first epidemiological study in Lithuania was to identify the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the community sample of children. Methods Child psychiatric disorders were investigated in a representative sample of 3309 children aged 7–16 years (1162 7–10-year-olds and 2147 11–16-year-olds), using a two-phase design with the Lithuanian version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in the first screening phase, and the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) in the second diagnostic phase. Results The estimated point prevalence of ICD-10 psychiatric disorders was 13.1% for the total sample (14.0% for the child sample and 12.1% for adolescent sample). The most common groups of disorders were Conduct disorders 6.6% (7.1% for child sample and 6.0% for adolescent sample), Anxiety disorders 5.0% (5.9% for child sample and 6.0% for adolescent sample), with Hyperkinesis being less common 2.0% (2.7% for child sample and 1.2% for adolescent sample). Potential risk factors were related to individual characteristics of the child (gender, poor general health, and stressful life experiences), and the family (single parenthood, foster care, unfavourable family climate, disciplining difficulties, worries related to TV or computer use). Conclusions The overall prevalence of youth psychiatric disorders was relatively high in this representative Lithuanian sample compared to Western European countries. The SDQ and DAWBA measures appear useful for the further research and clinical practice in this society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigita Lesinskiene
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Psychiatry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | | | - Grazina Gintiliene
- Faculty of Philosophy, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dovile Butkiene
- Faculty of Philosophy, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dainius Puras
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Psychiatry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Robert Goodman
- King's college London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Einar Heiervang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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197
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Meinck F, Fry D, Ginindza C, Wazny K, Elizalde A, Spreckelsen TF, Maternowska MC, Dunne MP. Emotional abuse of girls in Swaziland: prevalence, perpetrators, risk and protective factors and health outcomes. J Glob Health 2018; 7:010410. [PMID: 28607670 PMCID: PMC5460395 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.07.010410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Research on emotional child abuse in sub–Saharan Africa is scarce. Few studies thus far have examined prevalence, risk and protective factors for emotional child abuse or the associations between emotional abuse and girls’ health. Methods A nationally representative two–stage, cluster–sampled, household survey of females aged 13–24 years (n = 1244) on childhood abuse victimisation was conducted. Participants completed interviewer–assisted questionnaires. Associations between emotional abuse and putative risk, and protective factors and health outcomes were analyzed using separate logistic regression models accounting for sampling design. Marginal effects of cumulative risk factors for emotional abuse victimisation were examined. Results Lifetime prevalence of emotional abuse was 28.5% with 58.3% of these girls reporting many abusive incidents. The most common perpetrators were female (27.8%) and male (16.7%) relatives and, more rarely, biological parents. Risk factors associated with emotional abuse were frequent caregiver changes (odds ratio (OR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.970, poverty (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.12–2.03), and physical abuse (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.45–2.71) and sexual abuse (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.57–3.10) victimisation. Being close to one’s mother was a protective factor (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.80–0.97). Risk for emotional abuse increased from 13% with no risk factors present to 58.4% –with all four risk factors present. Health outcomes associated with emotional child abuse were suicidal ideation (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.30–2.63) and feeling depressed (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.31–2.71). Conclusions Girls in Swaziland experience high levels of emotional abuse victimisation. Emotional abuse is associated with economic disadvantage, family factors, other types of abuse victimisation and poor mental health. Therefore, a holistic approach to prevention is needed, incorporating poverty reduction and programmes to improve parent–child relationships, reduce the use of harsh criticism, and change parenting social norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Meinck
- University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK.,OPTENTIA, School of Behavioural Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Deborah Fry
- Moray House School of Education, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Kerri Wazny
- Moray House School of Education, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Aldo Elizalde
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | - Michael P Dunne
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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198
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Affiliation(s)
- R Borschmann
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - G C Patton
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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199
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Kapungu C, Petroni S, Allen NB, Brumana L, Collins PY, De Silva M, Dua T, Haj-Ahmad J, Leichner A, Patton G, Pringle B, Omigbodun O, Silver KL, Estrin GL, Singh S, Zaka N, Zeck W. Gendered influences on adolescent mental health in low-income and middle-income countries: recommendations from an expert convening. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2017; 2:85-86. [PMID: 30169241 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(17)30152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chisina Kapungu
- Global Health, Youth and Development, International Center for Research on Women, Washington, DC 20036, USA.
| | | | | | - Luisa Brumana
- Latin American and Caribbean Regional Office, UNICEF, Panama
| | - Pamela Y Collins
- Office for Research on Disparities and Global Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Tarun Dua
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jumana Haj-Ahmad
- Adolescent Development and Participation Section, UNICEF, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Leichner
- Technical Unit, International Medical Corps, Washington, DC, USA
| | - George Patton
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Beverly Pringle
- Office for Research on Disparities and Global Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olayinka Omigbodun
- College of Medicine and Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Georgia Lockwood Estrin
- Section of Women's Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sagri Singh
- Program Division, UNICEF, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Nabila Zaka
- Maternal and Newborn Health, UNICEF, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Willibald Zeck
- Maternal, Newborn and Adolescent Health Program, UNICEF, New York City, NY, USA
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200
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Barcaccia B, Balestrini V, Saliani AM, Baiocco R, Mancini F, Schneider BH. Dysfunctional eating behaviors, anxiety, and depression in Italian boys and girls: the role of mass media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 40:72-77. [PMID: 29069250 PMCID: PMC6899421 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2016-2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Extensive research has implicated identification with characters in mass media in the emergence of disordered eating behavior in adolescents. We explored the possible influence of the models offered by television (TV) on adolescents’ body image, body uneasiness, eating-disordered behavior, depression, and anxiety. Methods: Three hundred and one adolescents (aged 14-19) from southern Italy participated. They completed a questionnaire on media exposure and body dissatisfaction, the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, the Body Uneasiness Test, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – Form Y. Results: The main factors contributing to females’ eating-disordered behaviors were their own desires to be similar to TV characters, the amount of reality and entertainment TV they watched, and the discrepancy between their perceptions of their bodies and those of TV characters. Friends’ desire to be similar to TV characters contributed most to depression, anxiety, body uneasiness, and eating disorders for both males and females. Conclusion: Our data confirm that extensive watching of reality and entertainment TV correlates with eating-disordered behavior among females. Moreover, the well-known negative effects of the media on adolescents’ eating-disordered behaviors may also be indirectly transmitted by friends who share identification with TV characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Barcaccia
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Associazione di Psicologia Cognitiva (APC) and Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva srl (SPC), Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Balestrini
- Associazione di Psicologia Cognitiva (APC) and Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva srl (SPC), Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo M Saliani
- Associazione di Psicologia Cognitiva (APC) and Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva srl (SPC), Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Mancini
- Associazione di Psicologia Cognitiva (APC) and Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva srl (SPC), Rome, Italy.,Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi, Rome, Italy
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