151
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Nanoscale porous silicon waveguide for label-free DNA sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 23:1572-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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152
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Label-free optical detection of aptamer-protein interactions using gold-capped oxide nanostructures. Anal Biochem 2008; 379:1-7. [PMID: 18485275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Optical biosensors based on noble nanostructures currently receive attention due to their highly efficient, simultaneous analysis of a number of important biomolecules from proteomics to genomics. In this study, the combination of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) with interferometry in the relative reflected intensity (RRI) spectrum of the gold-capped oxide nanostructure was thoroughly exploited for label-free detection of aptamer-protein interactions. The fabrication of gold-capped oxide nanostructure involved the deposition of gold on the surface of porous anodic alumina (PAA) layer chip. This novel nanomaterial enabled us to simultaneously monitor the changes in both LSPR and interferometric characteristics since the biomolecular interactions occur. After immobilizing the aptamer I on the chip surface, our sensor could be easily applied for specific detection of thrombin and aptamer II with a limit of detection of 1 nM thrombin in the sample. Our optical biosensing device connecting with the gold-capped oxide nanostructure has a high potential for highly sensitive monitoring of the other biomolecular interactions such as protein-protein interactions, DNA-protein interactions, DNA-DNA hybridizations, and ligand-receptor interactions with a massively parallel detection capability in a high-throughput system.
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153
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Kim J, Jang S, Koh Y, Ko YC, Sohn H. Photonic polymer replicas from DBR PSi. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.04.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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154
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Kim SG, Kim S, Ko YC, Cho S, Sohn H. DBR-structured smart particles for sensing applications. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.04.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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155
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Perelman LA, Pacholski C, Li YY, VanNieuwenhze MS, Sailor MJ. pH-triggered release of vancomycin from protein-capped porous silicon films. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2008; 3:31-43. [DOI: 10.2217/17435889.3.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: An in vitro model system for pH-triggered release of the antibiotic vancomycin from porous Si films is studied. Method: Vancomycin is infused into a mesoporous Si film from a mixed aqueous/acetonitrile solution and trapped by a capping layer containing the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA). The protein effectively traps vancomycin in the porous nanostructure at pH 4.0; the protein dissolves and vancomycin is released into solution when the pH increases to 7.4. The surface chemistry of porous Si exerts a substantial effect on the efficacy of drug loading. The amount of drug loading is larger in freshly-etched (hydrophobic, hydrogen-terminated) porous Si and smaller in methyl-modified, undecylenic acid-modified and thermally oxidized samples. The quantity of drug loaded in a freshly etched porous Si chip is proportional to the thickness of the porous layer, which exhibits a constant volume loading efficiency of 31% (v/v). Flow-cell experiments designed to mimic the transition from pH 4 to 7 that occurs when material moves from the stomach to the upper intestinal tract were performed on the freshly etched films and vancomycin- and BSA-release rates were quantified from the effluent of the flow cell by high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis. Results & conclusion: There is a small, constant rate of vancomycin release at pH 4 that is independent of the amount of drug loaded in the pores. This is attributed to diffusion of vancomycin from the BSA-capping layer. The release rate increases five- to tenfold when the pH of the solution in the flow cell increases to 7.4; 100% of the drug is released within 3 h of this increase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Pacholski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yang Yang Li
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Physics & Materials Science, 83 Tat Chee Av., Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Michael S VanNieuwenhze
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
| | - Michael J Sailor
- University of California, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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156
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Sathuluri RR, Yamamura S, Tamiya E. Microsystems technology and biosensing. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 109:285-350. [PMID: 17999038 DOI: 10.1007/10_2007_078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses the recent developments in miniaturized microsystems or lab-on-a-chip devices for biosensing of different biomolecules: DNA, proteins, small molecules, and cells, especially at the single-molecule and single-cell level. In order to sense these biomolecules with sensitivity we have fabricated chip devices with respect to the biomolecule to be analyzed. The details of the fabrication are also dealt with in this review. We mainly developed microarray and microfluidic chip devices for DNA, protein, and cell analyses. In addition, we have introduced the porous anodic alumina layer chip with nanometer scale and gold nanoparticles for label-free sensing of DNA and protein interactions. We also describe the use of microarray and microfluidic chip devices for cell-based assays and single-cell analysis in drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandra Rao Sathuluri
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi City, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
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157
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De Stefano L, Lamberti A, Rotiroti L, De Stefano M. Interfacing the nanostructured biosilica microshells of the marine diatom Coscinodiscus wailesii with biological matter. Acta Biomater 2008; 4:126-30. [PMID: 17980684 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2007.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Biosilicified nanostructured microshells from the marine diatom Coscinodiscus wailesii have been properly functionalised to bind a molecular probe which specifically recognises a target analyte. The chemical modification process has been characterised by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. Fluorescence measurements demonstrate that the antibodies we used, even if linked to the amorphous silica surface of C. wailesii microshells, still efficiently recognise their antigens. These low cost and largely available natural materials can be thus used as transducers elements for optical biosensors or as targeting microcapsules for drug delivery.
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158
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Sailor MJ. Color me sensitive: amplification and discrimination in photonic silicon nanostructures. ACS NANO 2007; 1:248-252. [PMID: 19206674 DOI: 10.1021/nn700340u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A new paper in this issue discusses some of the considerations for fabrication of biosensor devices in the porous silicon material system. The results focus on optical detection of protease activity on specific substrates that have been immobilized in a porous silicon matrix. Solutions to important limitations of porous microsensors are presented: stabilizing the sensor against corrosion-induced zero point drift, minimizing the effects of nonspecific protein binding, and enhancing the optical response by incorporation of a catalytic reaction in the sensing scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Sailor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
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159
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Bonanno LM, DeLouise LA. Whole blood optical biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 23:444-8. [PMID: 17720473 PMCID: PMC2080782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The future of rapid point-of-care diagnostics depends on the development of cheap, noncomplex, and easily integrated systems to analyze biological samples directly from the patient (e.g. blood, urine, and saliva). A key concern in diagnostic biosensing is signal differentiation between non-specifically bound material and the specific capture of target molecules. This is a particular challenge for optical detection devices in analyzing complex biological samples. Here we demonstrate a porous silicon (PSi) label-free optical biosensor that has intrinsic size-exclusion filtering capabilities which enhances signal differentiation. We present the first demonstration of highly repeatable, specific detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum and whole blood samples over a typical physiological range using the PSi material as both a biosensor substrate and filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Bonanno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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160
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Cunin F, Milhiet PE, Anglin E, Sailor MJ, Espenel C, Le Grimellec C, Brunel D, Devoisselle JM. Continuous planar phospholipid bilayer supported on porous silicon thin film reflector. Ultramicroscopy 2007; 107:1048-52. [PMID: 17600623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2007.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reconstituting artificial membranes for in vitro studies of cell barrier mechanisms and properties is of major interest in biology. Here, artificial membranes supported on porous silicon photonic crystal reflectors are prepared and investigated. The materials are of interest for label-free probing of supported membrane events such as protein binding, molecular recognition, and transport. The porous silicon substrates are prepared as multilayered films consisting of a periodically varying porosity, with pore dimensions of a few nanometers in size. Planar phospholipid bilayers are deposited on the topmost surface of the oxidized hydrophilic mesoporous silicon films. Atomic force microscopy provides evidence of continuous bilayer deposition at the surface, and optical measurements indicate that the lipids do not significantly infiltrate the porous region. The presence of the supported bilayer does not obstruct the optical spectrum from the porous silicon layer, suggesting that the composite structures can act as effective optical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Cunin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253 CNRS/ENSCM/UM2/UM1, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, France.
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161
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Wang J, Guo DJ, Xia B, Chao J, Xiao SJ. Preparation of organic monolayers with azide on porous silicon via Si–N bonds. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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162
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon K Teo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
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163
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Li QS, Zhang RQ, Niehaus TA, Frauenheim T, Lee ST. Theoretical Studies on Optical and Electronic Properties of Propionic-Acid-Terminated Silicon Quantum Dots. J Chem Theory Comput 2007; 3:1518-26. [DOI: 10.1021/ct700041v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q. S. Li
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China, Bremen Center for Computational Material Science, University Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany, and Department of Molecular Biophysics, German Cancer Research Center, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R. Q. Zhang
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China, Bremen Center for Computational Material Science, University Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany, and Department of Molecular Biophysics, German Cancer Research Center, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T. A. Niehaus
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China, Bremen Center for Computational Material Science, University Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany, and Department of Molecular Biophysics, German Cancer Research Center, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Th. Frauenheim
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China, Bremen Center for Computational Material Science, University Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany, and Department of Molecular Biophysics, German Cancer Research Center, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. T. Lee
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China, Bremen Center for Computational Material Science, University Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany, and Department of Molecular Biophysics, German Cancer Research Center, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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164
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Latham JC, Markov DA, Sørensen HS, Bornhop DJ. Photobiotin surface chemistry improves label-free interferometric sensing of biochemical interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 45:955-8. [PMID: 16385602 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joey C Latham
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Chemistry, 4226 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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165
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Bonanno LM, Delouise LA. Steric crowding effects on target detection in an affinity biosensor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:5817-23. [PMID: 17425345 PMCID: PMC2517989 DOI: 10.1021/la063659c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This work quantifies the impact of steric crowding on whole antibody (Ab) receptor immobilization and target Ab detection and also demonstrates how the versatile biotin/streptavidin receptor immobilization system must be tuned to optimize target detection in designing biosensors. Results are demonstrated on a label-free optical biosensor fabricated from n-type macroporous porous silicon (PSi) with approximately 88-107 nm diameter pores. We employ a sandwich assay scheme comprising a linking chemistry (biotin/streptavidin) to attach biotinylated anti-rabbit IgG (receptor) to detect rabbit IgG (target). A "bottom-up" approach was taken to investigate each layer of the sandwich assay to optimize target binding. Steric crowding was observed to hinder subsequent layer binding for each layer in the sandwich (biotin, streptavidin, and receptor). Our results give definitive evidence that the onset of steric crowding within the biotin layer occurs at a surface coverage of 57%, which is much higher compared to that from published work on well-ordered self-assembled biotin monolayers on planar gold surfaces. This difference is attributed to the topographical heterogeneity of the PSi substrate. Streptavidin (SA) binding to surface-linked biotin was altered by preblocking the streptavidin binding sites with biotin. Through consistent trends in data, preblocking SA was shown to reduce steric crowding within the SA layer, which translated into increased receptor immobilization. The final detection range of rabbit IgG was 0.07-3 mg mL(-1) (0.4-17 ng mm(-2)), and binding specificity was demonstrated by employing an anti-chicken IgG control receptor. This study underlines the importance of considering binding avidity and surface topography in optimizing chip-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Bonanno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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166
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Perelman LA, Schwartz MP, Wohlrab AM, VanNieuwenhze MS, Sailor MJ. A simplified biomolecule attachment strategy for biosensing using a porous Si oxide interferometer. PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A): APPLIED RESEARCH 2007; 204:1394-1398. [PMID: 18458749 PMCID: PMC2367226 DOI: 10.1002/pssa.200674360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A simple strategy for linking biomolecules to porous Si surfaces and detecting peptide/drug binding is described. Porous Si is prepared using an electrochemical etch and then thermally oxidized by heating in ambient atmosphere. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is then non-covalently adsorbed to the inner pore walls of the porous Si oxide (PSiO(2)) matrix. The BSA layer is used as a linker for covalent attachment of the peptide Ac-L-Lysine-D-Alanine-D-Alanine (KAA) using published bioconjugation chemistry. BSA-coated surfaces functionalized with KAA display specificity for the glycopeptide vancomycin while resisting adsorption of non-specific reagents. While the biomolecule attachment strategy reported here is used to bind peptides, the scheme can be generalized to the linking of any primary amine-containing molecule to PSiO(2) surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren A. Perelman
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael P. Schwartz
- Department of Chemisty and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Aaron M. Wohlrab
- Department of Chemisty and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael S. VanNieuwenhze
- Department of Chemisty and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael J. Sailor
- Department of Chemisty and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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167
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Pacholski C, Sailor MJ. Sensing with porous silicon double layers: A general approach for background suppression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200674381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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168
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DNA Optical Detection Based on Porous Silicon Technology: from Biosensors to Biochips. SENSORS 2007. [DOI: 10.3390/s7020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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169
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Lezec HJ, McMahon JJ, Nalamasu O, Ajayan PM. Submicrometer dimple array based interference color field displays and sensors. NANO LETTERS 2007; 7:329-33. [PMID: 17297996 DOI: 10.1021/nl062425a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We report a technique for producing bright color fields over extended surfaces, via optical interference, with the capability of producing arbitrary visible colors in areas as small as 100 microm2. Periodic arrays of submicrometer dimples are fabricated on reflective silicon surfaces, and diffraction-induced mutual interference of light reflected from the upper and lower levels of the dimpled surfaces generates color depending on wavelength scaled dimple depth and periodicity. Colors of the entire visible spectrum can be generated by dimple arrays with different dimple depths. The topological permeability of such an open surface readily allows infusion of liquids, with different refractive indices, for color switching and detection. These easy to fabricate, scalable, robust devices, on solid as well as flexible supports, could find a wide range of applications such as cheap high-resolution printable dye/pigment-free displays, reliable index-of-refraction sensors with color readout for liquids, and lab-on-chip liquid flow monitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Lezec
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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170
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Hu L, Xu S, Pan C, Zou H, Jiang G. Preparation of a biochip on porous silicon and application for label-free detection of small molecule-protein interactions. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:1277-81. [PMID: 17342786 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A new approach for the preparation of a biochip on porous silicon and the application of the biochip for detection of small molecule-protein interactions with desorption/ionization on porous silicon (DIOS) was demonstrated. The galvanostatically etched porous silicon substrates were chemically modified firstly to yield carboxylic acid terminated surfaces, and then the protein was covalently attached to the surface through amide bonding. By applying a solution of candidate chemicals to the surface and a subsequent wash step, the masses of captured compounds could be analyzed by DIOS. DIOS has advantages of being a direct detection tool compared to the classic fluorescence or chemiluminescence methods, because the process of labeling molecules employed in the fluorescence or chemiluminescence methods can sometimes alert the properties of the labeled molecule. The recognition between proteins and their binding partners is efficient and selective. A good tolerance to disturbance and high enrichment factor of the biochip to the analytes was observed. As an on-chip-based approach, the demonstrated method has a potential to perform in a high-throughput format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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171
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Hsiao VKS, Waldeisen JR, Zheng Y, Lloyd PF, Bunning TJ, Huang TJ. Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized nanoporous polymeric gratings: fabrication and application in biosensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b711200a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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172
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Kilian KA, Böcking T, Gaus K, King-Lacroix J, Gal M, Gooding JJ. Hybrid lipid bilayers in nanostructured silicon: a biomimetic mesoporous scaffold for optical detection of cholera toxin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:1936-8. [PMID: 17695235 DOI: 10.1039/b702762a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cholera toxin levels are optically detected by affinity capture within hybrid lipid bilayer membranes formed in the nanostructures of porous silicon photonic crystals.
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173
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174
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Sarkar A, Kaganove SN, Dvornic PR, Satoh PS. Colorimetric Biosensors Based on Polydiacetylene (PDA) and Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) Dendrimers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00323910500402714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Sarkar
- a Michigan Molecular Institute , Midland , MI , 48640 , USA
| | | | | | - Paul S. Satoh
- b Neogen Corporation , 620 Lesher Place, Lansing , MI , 48912 , USA
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175
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Schwartz MP, Derfus AM, Alvarez SD, Bhatia SN, Sailor MJ. The smart Petri dish: a nanostructured photonic crystal for real-time monitoring of living cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:7084-90. [PMID: 16863264 PMCID: PMC3530423 DOI: 10.1021/la060420n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The intensity of light scattered from a porous Si photonic crystal is used to monitor physiological changes in primary rat hepatocytes. The cells are seeded on the surface of a porous Si photonic crystal that has been filled with polystyrene and treated with an O2 plasma. Light resonant with the photonic crystal is scattered by the cell layer and detected as an optical peak with a charge-coupled-device spectrometer. It is demonstrated that exposure of hepatocytes to the toxins cadmium chloride or acetaminophen leads to morphology changes that cause a measurable increase in scattered intensity. The increase in signal occurs before traditional assays are able to detect a decrease in viability, demonstrating the potential of the technique as a complementary tool for cell viability studies. The scattering method presented here is noninvasive and can be performed in real time, representing a significant advantage compared to other techniques for in vitro monitoring of cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Department 0358, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
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176
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Koyama H. Photoluminescence properties of porous silicon layers prepared by electrochemical etching in extremely dilute HF solutions. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-006-9165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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177
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Stefano LD, Rotiroti L, Rea I, Moretti L, Francia GD, Massera E, Lamberti A, Arcari P, Sanges C, Rendina I. Porous silicon-based optical biochips. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4258/8/7/s37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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178
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Thomas JC, Pacholski C, Sailor MJ. Delivery of nanogram payloads using magnetic porous silicon microcarriers. LAB ON A CHIP 2006; 6:782-7. [PMID: 16738731 DOI: 10.1039/b516121e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A transport and delivery system for nanogram quantities of molecular species that does not use microfluidic channels, pumps, or valves is described. Microparticles consisting of magnetic porous silicon are prepared, and loading and delivery of an enzymatic payload are demonstrated. The high porosity (60%) porous Si host particles are made magnetic by infusion of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (30 nm-diameter magnetite, Fe(3)O(4)) under oxidative conditions. After magnetite incorporation, the porous microparticle is still empty enough to accommodate nanogram quantities of a molecular payload; the enzymes horseradish peroxidase or pronase E are used in the present work. The assembly can be transported to a microliter water droplet containing the enzyme substrate with the aid of an external magnetic field. The enzyme is released into the droplet upon contact. The particles can be transported through air or a hydrocarbon liquid without loss in enzymatic activity of the payload.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
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179
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De Stefano L, Rotiroti L, Rendina I, Moretti L, Scognamiglio V, Rossi M, D'Auria S. Porous silicon-based optical microsensor for the detection of l-glutamine. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 21:1664-7. [PMID: 16207529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Revised: 07/11/2005] [Accepted: 08/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The molecular binding between the glutamine-binding protein (GlnBP) from Escherichia coli and L-glutamine (Gln) is optically transduced by means of a biosensor based on porous silicon nano-technology. The sensor operates by the measurement of the interferometric fringes in the reflectivity spectrum of a porous silicon Fabry-Perot layer. The binding event is revealed as a shift in wavelength of the fringes. Due to the hydrophobic interaction with the Si-H terminated surface of the porous silicon, the GlnBP protein, which acts as a molecular probe for Gln, penetrates and links into the pores of the porous silicon matrix. We can thus avoid any preliminary functionalization process of the porous layer surface, which is also prevented from oxidation, at least for few cycles of wet measurements. The binding of Gln to GlnBP has also been investigated at different concentration of GlnBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca De Stefano
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Department of Naples, National Council of Research, Italy.
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180
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Gooding JJ. Biosensor technology for detecting biological warfare agents: Recent progress and future trends. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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181
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Latham JC, Markov DA, Sørensen HS, Bornhop DJ. Photobiotin Surface Chemistry Improves Label-Free Interferometric Sensing of Biochemical Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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182
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Xia B, Xiao SJ, Guo DJ, Wang J, Chao J, Liu HB, Pei J, Chen YQ, Tang YC, Liu JN. Biofunctionalisation of porous silicon (PS) surfaces by using homobifunctional cross-linkers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b511175g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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183
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Abstract
The term "smart dust" originally referred to miniature wireless semiconductor devices made using fabrication techniques derived from the microelectronics industry. These devices incorporate sensing, computing and communications in a centimetre-sized package. This article discusses the construction of much smaller silicon-based systems, using the tools of nanotechnology. The synthesis of millimetre- to micron-sized functional photonic crystals made from porous silicon is described. It is shown how the various optical, chemical, and mechanical properties can be harnessed to perform sensing, signal processing, communication and motive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Sailor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, m/c 0358, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
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184
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Xia B, Li J, Xiao SJ, Guo DJ, Wang J, Pan Y, You XZ. A Simple Method for Covalent Immobilization of Proteins on Porous Silicon Surfaces. CHEM LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2005.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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185
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Létant SE, Kane SR, Hart BR, Hadi MZ, Cheng TC, Rastogi VK, Reynolds JG. Hydrolysis of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors--organophosphorus acid anhydrolase enzyme immobilization on photoluminescent porous silicon platforms. Chem Commun (Camb) 2004:851-3. [PMID: 15700058 DOI: 10.1039/b412215a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on the immobilization of an OPAA enzyme on luminescent porous silicon devices, and on the utilization of this new platform to hydrolyze p-nitrophenyl-soman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia E Létant
- University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
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186
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Steinem C, Janshoff A, Lin VSY, Völcker NH, Reza Ghadiri M. DNA hybridization-enhanced porous silicon corrosion: mechanistic investigations and prospect for optical interferometric biosensing. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.06.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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187
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de Smet LCPM, Pukin AV, Stork GA, Ric de Vos CH, Visser GM, Zuilhof H, Sudhölter EJR. Syntheses of alkenylated carbohydrate derivatives toward the preparation of monolayers on silicon surfaces. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:2599-605. [PMID: 15476721 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2004] [Accepted: 09/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This note describes the synthesis of different alkenylated carbohydrate derivatives suitable for direct attachment to hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces. The derivatives were alkenylated at the C-1 position, while the remaining hydroxyl groups were protected. The development of such new carbohydrate-based sensing elements opens the access to new classes of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis C P M de Smet
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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188
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Effect of Linker for Immobilization of Glutathione on BSA-Assembled Controlled Pore Glass Beads. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2004. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2004.25.9.1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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189
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Shi J, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Baeyens WR, Garcı́a-Campaña AM. Recent developments in nanomaterial optical sensors. Trends Analyt Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-9936(04)00519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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190
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Lim SH, Kim BW. Application of an interferometric biosensor chip to biomonitoring an endocrine discruptor. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02932994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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191
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Létant SE, Hart BR, Van Buuren AW, Terminello LJ. Functionalized silicon membranes for selective bio-organism capture. NATURE MATERIALS 2003; 2:391-395. [PMID: 12717430 DOI: 10.1038/nmat888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2002] [Accepted: 03/27/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Membranes with various pore size, length, morphology and density have been synthesized from diverse materials for size-exclusion-based separation. An example is the sterilization of intravenous lines by exclusion of bacteria and viruses using polyvinylidene fluoride membranes with 0.1-microm-diameter pores. Chemically specific filtration has recently been addressed for small molecules. Nevertheless, specific bio-organism immobilization and detection remains a great technical challenge in many biomedical applications, such as decontamination or analysis of air and liquids such as drinking water and body fluids. To achieve this goal, materials with controlled pore diameter, length and surface chemistry are required. In this letter, we present the first functionalized silicon membranes and demonstrate their ability to selectively capture simulated bio-organisms. These extremely versatile and rigid devices open the door to a new class of materials that are able to recognize the external fingerprints of bio-organisms-such as size and outer membrane proteins-for specific capture and detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia E Létant
- Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
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192
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Cunin F, Schmedake TA, Link JR, Li YY, Koh J, Bhatia SN, Sailor MJ. Biomolecular screening with encoded porous-silicon photonic crystals. NATURE MATERIALS 2002; 1:39-41. [PMID: 12618846 DOI: 10.1038/nmat702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2002] [Accepted: 01/07/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to encode or label small particles or beads for use in high-throughput screening and bioassay applications focus on either spatially differentiated, on-chip arrays or random distributions of encoded beads. Attempts to encode large numbers of polymeric, metallic or glass beads in random arrays or in fluid suspension have used a variety of entities to provide coded elements (bits)--fluorescent molecules, molecules with specific vibrational signatures, quantum dots, or discrete metallic layers. Here we report a method for optically encoding micrometre-sized nanostructured particles of porous silicon. We generate multilayered porous films in crystalline silicon using a periodic electrochemical etch. This results in photonic crystals with well-resolved and narrow optical reflectivity features, whose wavelengths are determined by the etching parameters. Millions of possible codes can be prepared this way. Micrometre-sized particles are then produced by ultrasonic fracture, mechanical grinding or by lithographic means. A simple antibody-based bioassay using fluorescently tagged proteins demonstrates the encoding strategy in biologically relevant media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Cunin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, USA
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193
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Yoon HC, Lee D, Kim HS. Reversible affinity interactions of antibody molecules at functionalized dendrimer monolayer: affinity-sensing surface with reusability. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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194
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Morphology and luminescence of porous GaN generated via Pt-assisted electroless etching. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1116/1.1521428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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195
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Holec T, Chvojka T, Jelı́nek I, Jindřich J, Němec I, Pelant I, Valenta J, Dian J. Determination of sensoric parameters of porous silicon in sensing of organic vapors. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4931(01)00394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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196
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Chan S, Horner SR, Fauchet PM, Miller BL. Identification of Gram negative bacteria using nanoscale silicon microcavities. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:11797-8. [PMID: 11716737 DOI: 10.1021/ja016555r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Chan
- Center for Future Health, Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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197
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Birkert O, Haake HM, Schütz A, Mack J, Brecht A, Jung G, Gauglitz G. A streptavidin surface on planar glass substrates for the detection of biomolecular interaction. Anal Biochem 2000; 282:200-8. [PMID: 10873274 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2000.4615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Based on the requirements of biomolecular interaction analysis on direct optical transducers, a streptavidin surface is examined. A general protocol was developed allowing the immobilization of biotinylated compounds using the rife biotin-streptavidin system. This type of surface modification can be applied to all biosensors using glass surfaces as sensor devices. Reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS), a label-free, direct optical method was used to demonstrate the quality of the transducer surfaces. The surface modification is based on an aminofunctionalized polyethylene glycol layer covalently bound to the silica surface of the transducer and shows very little nonspecific binding. Biotin molecules can be easily coupled on such layers. Streptavidin followed by a biotinylated estrone derivative was immobilized by incubation of the biotinylated transducer surface. For the streptavidin layer we obtained interference signals corresponding to a protein monolayer. Finally, using a surface prepared as described above, biomolecular interaction experiments with an antibody against estrone were carried out to show the quality of the transducer surface. With RIfS all of the affinity-based surface modifications can be detected online and time resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Birkert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany
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198
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Yoon HC, Hong MY, Kim HS. Affinity biosensor for avidin using a double functionalized dendrimer monolayer on a gold electrode. Anal Biochem 2000; 282:121-8. [PMID: 10860508 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2000.4608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an affinity biosensor system based on avidin-biotin interaction on a gold electrode. As the building block of an affinity-sensing monolayer, a fourth-generation (G4) poly(amidoamine) dendrimer having partial ferrocenyl-tethered surface groups was prepared and used. The unmodified surface amine groups from dendrimers were functionalized with biotinamidocaproate, and the biotinylated and electroactive dendritic monolayer was constructed on a gold electrode for the affinity-sensing surface interacting with avidin. An electrochemical signal from the affinity biosensor was generated by free glucose oxidase in electrolyte, depending on the degree of coverage of the sensing surface with avidin. The sensor signal decreased correlatively with increasing avidin concentration and approached a minimum level when the sensing surface was fully covered with avidin. The detection limit of avidin was about 4.5 pM, and the sensor signal was linear ranging from 1.5 pM to 10 nM under optimized conditions. From the kinetic analysis using the biotinylated glucose oxidase, an active enzyme coverage of 2.5 x 10(-12) mol/cm(2) on the avidin-pretreated surface was registered, which demonstrates the formation of a spatially ordered and compact protein layer on the derivatized electrode surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1, Kusung-dong, Yusung-ku, Taejon, 305-701, Korea
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