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Moussa H, Merlin C, Dezanet C, Balan L, Medjahdi G, Ben-Attia M, Schneider R. Trace amounts of Cu²⁺ ions influence ROS production and cytotoxicity of ZnO quantum dots. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 304:532-542. [PMID: 26619052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) was used as ligand to prepare ZnO@APTMS, Cu(2+)-doped ZnO (ZnO:Cu@APTMS) and ZnO quantum dots (QDs) with chemisorbed Cu(2+) ions at their surface (ZnO@APTMS/Cu). The dots have a diameter of ca. 5 nm and their crystalline and phase purities and composition were established by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopies and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The effect of Cu(2+) location on the ability of the QDs to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light irradiation was investigated. Results obtained demonstrate that all dots are able to produce ROS (OH, O2(-), H2O2 and (1)O2) and that ZnO@APTMS/Cu QDs generate more OH and O2(-) radicals and H2O2 than ZnO@APTMS and ZnO:Cu@APTMS QDs probably via mechanisms associating photo-induced charge carriers and Fenton reactions. In cytotoxicity experiments conducted in the dark or under light exposure, ZnO@APTMS/Cu QDs appeared slightly more deleterious to Escherichia coli cells than the two other QDs, therefore pointing out the importance of the presence of Cu(2+) ions at the periphery of the nanocrystals. On the other hand, with the lack of photo-induced toxicity, it can be inferred that ROS production cannot explain the cytotoxicity associated to the QDs. Our study demonstrates that both the production of ROS from ZnO QDs and their toxicity may be enhanced by chemisorbed Cu(2+) ions, which could be useful for medical or photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Moussa
- CNRS and Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France; Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Christophe Merlin
- CNRS and Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME), CNRS UMR 7564, 15 Avenue du Charmois, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Clément Dezanet
- CNRS and Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France
| | - Lavinia Balan
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), CNRS UMR 7361, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Ghouti Medjahdi
- CNRS and Université de Lorraine, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), UMR CNRS 7198, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Mossadok Ben-Attia
- Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Raphaël Schneider
- CNRS and Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France.
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152
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Yang Q, Lin TS, Burton C, Park SH, Ma Y. Physicochemical insights of irradiation-enhanced hydroxyl radical generation from ZnO nanoparticles. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:482-491. [PMID: 30090362 PMCID: PMC6061809 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00384a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) has raised environmental and human health concerns owing to their significant cytotoxicity. Although their cytotoxic effects have been associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS), the physicochemical mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains poorly understood. In this study, the physicochemical properties of ZnO NPs were systematically investigated in relation to their effect on ROS generation. Factors that were found to affect hydroxyl radical (˙OH) generation included: NP concentration, irradiation, NP hydrodynamic size, localized pH, ionic strength, NP zeta-potential, and dissolved oxygen levels. The mechanism by which ˙OH was generated under alkaline conditions was found to obey first-order reaction kinetics that followed the conversion of OH- anions and dissolved O2 to ˙OH. Based on these findings, we propose that ZnO NP cytotoxicity involves ˙OH adsorption to the nanoparticle surface, creating a highly localized source of ROS capable of potentiating oxidative damage to cellular structures. This hypothesis was evaluated with time-resolved intracellular calcium [Ca] i imaging that irradiated ZnO NPs triggered cytoplasmic calcium influxes and facilitated nuclear degradation. Together these findings present a novel physicochemical mechanism for ˙OH generation from ZnO NPs with significant implications for nanoparticle cytotoxicity and their relation to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Single Nanoparticle , Single Cell , and Single Molecule Monitoring , Missouri University of Science and Technology , Rolla , MO 65409 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1-573-341-6220
| | - Tien-Sung Lin
- Department of Chemistry , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , MO 63130 , USA
| | - Casey Burton
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Single Nanoparticle , Single Cell , and Single Molecule Monitoring , Missouri University of Science and Technology , Rolla , MO 65409 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1-573-341-6220
| | - Sung-Ho Park
- Department of Chemistry , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , MO 63130 , USA
| | - Yinfa Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Single Nanoparticle , Single Cell , and Single Molecule Monitoring , Missouri University of Science and Technology , Rolla , MO 65409 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1-573-341-6220
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153
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Liu J, Feng X, Wei L, Chen L, Song B, Shao L. The toxicology of ion-shedding zinc oxide nanoparticles. Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; 46:348-84. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2015.1137864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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154
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Oosterwijk MTT, Feber ML, Burello E. Proposal for a risk banding framework for inhaled low aspect ratio nanoparticles based on physicochemical properties. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:780-93. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1132344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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155
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Vale G, Mehennaoui K, Cambier S, Libralato G, Jomini S, Domingos RF. Manufactured nanoparticles in the aquatic environment-biochemical responses on freshwater organisms: A critical overview. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 170:162-174. [PMID: 26655660 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The enormous investments in nanotechnology have led to an exponential increase of new manufactured nano-enabled materials whose impact in the aquatic systems is still largely unknown. Ecotoxicity and nanosafety studies mostly resulted in contradictory results and generally failed to clearly identify biological patterns that could be related specifically to nanotoxicity. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the most discussed nanotoxicity mechanism in literature. ROS can induce oxidative stress (OS), resulting in cyto- and genotoxicity. The ROS overproduction can trigger the induction of anti-oxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidases (GPx), which are used as biomarkers of response. A critical overview of the biochemical responses induced by the presence of NPs on freshwater organisms is performed with a strong interest on indicators of ROS and general stress. A special focus will be given to the NPs transformations, including aggregation, and dissolution, in the exposure media and the produced biochemical endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Vale
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Torre Sul Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Harry Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Kahina Mehennaoui
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Sebastien Cambier
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, Venice, Italy.
| | - Stéphane Jomini
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine, UMR 7360, Campus Bridoux rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France.
| | - Rute F Domingos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Torre Sul Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 7154, Université Paris Diderot, 75205 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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156
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Jiang W, Lin S, Chang CH, Ji Z, Sun B, Wang X, Li R, Pon N, Xia T, Nel AE. Implications of the Differential Toxicological Effects of III-V Ionic and Particulate Materials for Hazard Assessment of Semiconductor Slurries. ACS NANO 2015; 9:12011-12025. [PMID: 26549624 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Because of tunable band gaps, high carrier mobility, and low-energy consumption rates, III-V materials are attractive for use in semiconductor wafers. However, these wafers require chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) for polishing, which leads to the generation of large quantities of hazardous waste including particulate and ionic III-V debris. Although the toxic effects of micron-sized III-V materials have been studied in vivo, no comprehensive assessment has been undertaken to elucidate the hazardous effects of submicron particulates and released III-V ionic components. Since III-V materials may contribute disproportionately to the hazard of CMP slurries, we obtained GaP, InP, GaAs, and InAs as micron- (0.2-3 μm) and nanoscale (<100 nm) particles for comparative studies of their cytotoxic potential in macrophage (THP-1) and lung epithelial (BEAS-2B) cell lines. We found that nanosized III-V arsenides, including GaAs and InAs, could induce significantly more cytotoxicity over a 24-72 h observation period. In contrast, GaP and InP particulates of all sizes as well as ionic GaCl3 and InCl3 were substantially less hazardous. The principal mechanism of III-V arsenide nanoparticle toxicity is dissolution and shedding of toxic As(III) and, to a lesser extent, As(V) ions. GaAs dissolves in the cell culture medium as well as in acidifying intracellular compartments, while InAs dissolves (more slowly) inside cells. Chelation of released As by 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid interfered in GaAs toxicity. Collectively, these results demonstrate that III-V arsenides, GaAs and InAs nanoparticles, contribute in a major way to the toxicity of III-V materials that could appear in slurries. This finding is of importance for considering how to deal with the hazard potential of CMP slurries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sijie Lin
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Bingbing Sun
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiang Wang
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ruibin Li
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nanetta Pon
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tian Xia
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles , 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - André E Nel
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles , 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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157
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Torres-Duarte C, Adeleye AS, Pokhrel S, Mädler L, Keller AA, Cherr GN. Developmental effects of two different copper oxide nanomaterials in sea urchin (Lytechinus pictus) embryos. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:671-9. [PMID: 26643145 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1107145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanomaterials (nano-CuOs) are widely used and can be inadvertently introduced into estuarine and marine environments. We analyzed the effects of different nano-CuOs (a synthesized and a less-pure commercial form), as well as ionic copper (CuSO4) on embryo development in the white sea urchin, a well-known marine model. After 96 h of development with both nano-CuO exposures, we did not detect significant oxidative damage to proteins but did detect decreases in total antioxidant capacity. We show that the physicochemical characteristics of the two nano-CuOs play an essential role in their toxicities. Both nano-CuOs were internalized by embryos and their differential dissolution was the most important toxicological parameter. The synthesized nano-CuO showed greater toxicity (EC50 = 450 ppb of copper) and had increased dissolution (2.5% by weight over 96 h) as compared with the less-pure commercial nano-CuO (EC50 = 5395 ppb of copper, 0.73% dissolution by weight over 96 h). Copper caused specific developmental abnormalities in sea urchin embryos including disruption of the aboral-oral axis as a result in changes to the redox environment caused by dissolution of internalized nano-CuO. Abnormal skeleton formation also occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adeyemi S Adeleye
- b Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , USA
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- c Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering , University of Bremen , Bremen , Germany , and
| | - Lutz Mädler
- c Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering , University of Bremen , Bremen , Germany , and
| | - Arturo A Keller
- b Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , USA
| | - Gary N Cherr
- a Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California , Davis , Bodega Bay, CA , USA .,d Department of Environmental Toxicology and Nutrition , University of California , Davis , CA , USA
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158
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Imani R, Drašler B, Kononenko V, Romih T, Eleršič K, Jelenc J, Junkar I, Remškar M, Drobne D, Kralj-Iglič V, Iglič A. Growth of a Novel Nanostructured ZnO Urchin: Control of Cytotoxicity and Dissolution of the ZnO Urchin. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:441. [PMID: 26573932 PMCID: PMC4646880 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-1145-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The applications of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs) in implantable wireless devices, such as diagnostic nanobiosensors and nanobiogenerators, have recently attracted enormous attention due to their unique properties. However, for these implantable nanodevices, the biocompatibility and the ability to control the behaviour of cells in contact with ZnO NWs are demanded for the success of these implantable devices, but to date, only a few contrasting results from their biocompatibility can be found. There is a need for more research about the biocompatibility of ZnO nanostructures and the adhesion and viability of cells on the surface of ZnO nanostructures. Here, we introduce synthesis of a new nature-inspired nanostructured ZnO urchin, with the dimensions of the ZnO urchin's acicula being controllable. To examine the biocompatibility and behaviour of cells in contact with the ZnO urchin, the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cell line was chosen as an in vitro experimental model. The results of the viability assay indicated that, compared to control, the number of viable cells attached to the surface of the ZnO urchin and its surrounding area were reduced. The measurements of the Zn contents of cell media confirmed ZnO dissolution, which suggests that the ZnO dissolution in cell culture medium could lead to cytotoxicity. A purposeful reduction of ZnO cytotoxicity was achieved by surface coating of the ZnO urchin with poly(vinylidene fluorid-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), which changed the material matrix to slow the Zn ion release and consequently reduce the cytotoxicity of the ZnO urchin without reducing its functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Imani
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia.
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Barbara Drašler
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Veno Kononenko
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tea Romih
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Kristina Eleršič
- Department of Surface Engineering and Optoelectronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Janez Jelenc
- Solid State Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ita Junkar
- Department of Surface Engineering and Optoelectronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Maja Remškar
- Solid State Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Veronika Kralj-Iglič
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia.
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159
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Tuli HS, Kashyap D, Bedi SK, Kumar P, Kumar G, Sandhu SS. Molecular aspects of metal oxide nanoparticle (MO-NPs) mediated pharmacological effects. Life Sci 2015; 143:71-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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160
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Feliu N, Pelaz B, Zhang Q, Del Pino P, Nyström A, Parak WJ. Nanoparticle dosage-a nontrivial task of utmost importance for quantitative nanosafety research. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 8:479-92. [PMID: 26589577 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
For a detailed and correct understanding of effects of colloidal nanoparticles exposed to organisms, a correlation of such effects to the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles is a necessity. Such correlation is complex by the fact that many physicochemical parameters such as size, shape, surface charge, and colloidal stability are interlinked, and nontrivial to experimentally determine. This review aims to give an overview regarding such correlations. Particular focus will be given on the role of determining nanoparticle concentrations, which is the basis for most quantitative toxicity evaluations. A comparison of mass versus particle number concentrations is given, and their respective differences are highlighted. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:479-492. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1378 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Feliu
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beatriz Pelaz
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Qian Zhang
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Nyström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,CIC BiomaGUNE, San Sebastian, Spain
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161
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Zhu S, Xu X, Rong R, Li B, Wang X. Evaluation of zinc-doped magnetite nanoparticle toxicity in the liver and kidney of mice after sub-chronic intragastric administration. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015; 5:97-106. [PMID: 30090329 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00292c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been approved for clinical use due to their salient super-paramagnetic properties and low toxicity. Zn2+ doped SPIONs possess significantly higher magnetic susceptibility than that of conventional SPIONs. Here we evaluated the potential toxicity of Zn2+ doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 NPs) in the liver and kidney of mice after repeated intragastric administration for 30 days. Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 NPs did not cause significant changes in their body weights and the coefficients of the liver and kidney, but increased the levels of Fe and Zn in the two organs. Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 NP induced slight oxidative stress in the liver and kidney, which could be successfully counteracted by their intrinsic antioxidant systems and had no observable hazardous effects on the histopathology, ultrastructure and functions of the two organs. These results demonstrated that high-performance magnetic Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 NPs did not produce apparent toxicity in the liver and kidney of mice even after sub-chronic intragastric administration. In addition, Zn2+ doping not only markedly enhanced magnetic susceptibility of Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 NPs but also significantly increased the stability of Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 NPs in biological conditions, making them appropriate for use in magnetic resonance imaging and drug delivery by the oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , 230026 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 551 63603214
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , 230026 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 551 63603214
| | - Rui Rong
- Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , 230026 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 551 63603214
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , 230026 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 551 63603214
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , 230026 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 551 63603214
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162
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Enhancement of 2-chlorophenol photocatalytic degradation in the presence Co2+-doped ZnO nanoparticles under direct solar radiation. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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163
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Acute and subacute pulmonary toxicity and mortality in mice after intratracheal instillation of ZnO nanoparticles in three laboratories. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 85:84-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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164
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Ganesan S, Anaimalai Thirumurthi N, Raghunath A, Vijayakumar S, Perumal E. Acute and sub-lethal exposure to copper oxide nanoparticles causes oxidative stress and teratogenicity in zebrafish embryos. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:554-67. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santhanamari Ganesan
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology; Bharathiar University; Coimbatore - 641 046 Tamilnadu India
| | | | - Azhwar Raghunath
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology; Bharathiar University; Coimbatore - 641 046 Tamilnadu India
| | - Savitha Vijayakumar
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology; Bharathiar University; Coimbatore - 641 046 Tamilnadu India
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology; Bharathiar University; Coimbatore - 641 046 Tamilnadu India
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165
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Bondarenko OM, Ivask A, Kahru A, Vija H, Titma T, Visnapuu M, Joost U, Pudova K, Adamberg S, Visnapuu T, Alamäe T. Bacterial polysaccharide levan as stabilizing, non-toxic and functional coating material for microelement-nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 136:710-20. [PMID: 26572404 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Levan, fructose-composed biopolymer of bacterial origin, has potential in biotechnology due to its prebiotic and immunostimulatory properties. In this study levan synthesized by levansucrase from Pseudomonas syringae was thoroughly characterized and used as multifunctional biocompatible coating material for microelement-nanoparticles (NPs) of selenium, iron and cobalt. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), hydrodynamic size measurements (DLS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed the interaction of levan with NPs. Levan stabilized the dispersions of NPs, decreased their toxicity and had protective effect on human intestinal cells Caco-2. In addition, levan attached to cobalt NPs remained accessible as a substrate for the colon bacteria Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. We suggest that the combination of levan and nutritionally important microelements in the form of NPs serves as a first step towards a novel "2 in 1" approach for food supplements to provide safe and efficient delivery of microelements for humans and support beneficial gut microbiota with nutritional oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesja M Bondarenko
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Angela Ivask
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Anne Kahru
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Heiki Vija
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Tiina Titma
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Meeri Visnapuu
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Urmas Joost
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Ksenia Pudova
- Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; Competence Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies, Akadeemia tee 15A, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Signe Adamberg
- Competence Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies, Akadeemia tee 15A, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Triinu Visnapuu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Tiina Alamäe
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.
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166
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Naskar A, Bera S, Bhattacharya R, Roy SS, Jana S. Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of polyethylene glycol coupled zinc oxide-chemically converted graphene nanocomposite on human OAW42 ovarian cancer cells. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Naskar
- Sol-Gel Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute; P.O. Jadavpur University; 196 Raja S.C. Mullick Road West Bengal Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Susanta Bera
- Sol-Gel Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute; P.O. Jadavpur University; 196 Raja S.C. Mullick Road West Bengal Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Rahul Bhattacharya
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology; P.O. Jadavpur University; 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road West Bengal Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Sib Sankar Roy
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology; P.O. Jadavpur University; 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road West Bengal Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Sunirmal Jana
- Sol-Gel Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute; P.O. Jadavpur University; 196 Raja S.C. Mullick Road West Bengal Kolkata 700032 India
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167
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Sun B, Pokhrel S, Dunphy DR, Zhang H, Ji Z, Wang X, Wang M, Liao YP, Chang CH, Dong J, Li R, Mädler L, Brinker CJ, Nel AE, Xia T. Reduction of Acute Inflammatory Effects of Fumed Silica Nanoparticles in the Lung by Adjusting Silanol Display through Calcination and Metal Doping. ACS NANO 2015; 9:9357-9372. [PMID: 26200133 PMCID: PMC4687969 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The production of pyrogenic (fumed) silica is increasing worldwide at a 7% annual growth rate, including expanded use in food, pharmaceuticals, and other industrial products. Synthetic amorphous silica, including fumed silica, has been generally recognized as safe for use in food products by the Food and Drug Administration. However, emerging evidence from experimental studies now suggests that fumed silica could be hazardous due to its siloxane ring structure, high silanol density, and "string-of-pearl-like" aggregate structure, which could combine to cause membrane disruption, generation of reactive oxygen species, pro-inflammatory effects, and liver fibrosis. Based on this structure-activity analysis (SAA), we investigated whether calcination and rehydration of fumed silica changes its hazard potential in the lung due to an effect on silanol density display. This analysis demonstrated that the accompanying change in surface reactivity could indeed impact cytokine production in macrophages and acute inflammation in the lung, in a manner that is dependent on siloxane ring reconstruction. Confirmation of this SAA in vivo, prompted us to consider safer design of fumed silica properties by titanium and aluminum doping (0-7%), using flame spray pyrolysis. Detailed characterization revealed that increased Ti and Al doping could reduce surface silanol density and expression of three-membered siloxane rings, leading to dose-dependent reduction in hydroxyl radical generation, membrane perturbation, potassium efflux, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and cytotoxicity in THP-1 cells. The reduction of NLRP3 inflammasome activation was also confirmed in bone-marrow-derived macrophages. Ti doping, and to a lesser extent Al doping, also ameliorated acute pulmonary inflammation, demonstrating the possibility of a safer design approach for fumed silica, should that be required for specific use circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Sun
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Darren R. Dunphy
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Xiang Wang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Meiying Wang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Juyao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Ruibin Li
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Lutz Mädler
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - C. Jeffrey Brinker
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
- Self-Assembled Materials Department, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800 MS1349, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - André E. Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to or
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to or
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168
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Wang MM, Wang YC, Wang XN, Liu Y, Zhang H, Zhang JW, Huang Q, Chen SP, Hei TK, Wu LJ, Xu A. Mutagenicity of ZnO nanoparticles in mammalian cells: Role of physicochemical transformations under the aging process. Nanotoxicology 2015; 9:972-82. [PMID: 25676621 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.992816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) potentially undergo physicochemical transformation in the environment, which may lead to unexpected environmental and health risks. The "aging" process is essential for better understanding the toxicity and fate of NPs in the environment. However, the mutagenic effects of aged ZnO NPs are still unexplored. The present study focused on investigating the physicochemical transformation during aging process and clarifying the mutagenicity of naturally aged ZnO NPs in human-hamster hybrid (AL) cells. It was found that ZnO NPs underwent sophisticated physicochemical transformations with aging regardless of original morphology or size, such as the microstructural changes, the formation of hydrozincite (Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6) and the release of free zinc ions. Interestingly, the aged ZnO NPs were investigated to be able to result in much lower cytotoxicity while relatively high degree mutation than fresh ZnO NPs. With characterization of the soluble and insoluble fractions of aged ZnO NPs suspension, together with the control measurements using metal chelator (TPEN) and endocytosis inhibitor (Nystatin), it was revealed that the release of zinc ions and nanoparticle uptake made significantly different contributions to the mutagenicity of fresh and aged ZnO NPs. This study clearly demonstrated that the physicochemical transformation of ZnO NPs with aging plays important and comprehensive roles in the ZnO NPs-induced mutagenicity in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei M Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province , Hefei , Anhui , PR China
| | - Yi C Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province , Hefei , Anhui , PR China
| | - Xi N Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province , Hefei , Anhui , PR China
| | - Yun Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province , Hefei , Anhui , PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province , Hefei , Anhui , PR China
| | - Jian W Zhang
- b School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , PR China , and
| | - Qing Huang
- a Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province , Hefei , Anhui , PR China
| | - Shao P Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province , Hefei , Anhui , PR China
| | - Tom K Hei
- c Department of Radiation Oncology , Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University , NY , USA
| | - Li J Wu
- a Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province , Hefei , Anhui , PR China
| | - An Xu
- a Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province , Hefei , Anhui , PR China
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169
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Aluminum doping tunes band gap energy level as well as oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles in MCF-7 cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13876. [PMID: 26347142 PMCID: PMC4561961 DOI: 10.1038/srep13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether Aluminum (Al) doping tunes band gap energy level as well as selective cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Pure and Al-doped ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by a simple sol-gel method. Characterization study confirmed the formation of single phase of AlxZn1-xO nanocrystals with the size range of 33–55 nm. Al-doping increased the band gap energy of ZnO nanoparticles (from 3.51 eV for pure to 3.87 eV for Al-doped ZnO). Al-doping also enhanced the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress response of ZnO nanoparticles in MCF-7 cells. The IC50 for undoped ZnO nanoparticles was 44 μg/ml while for the Al-doped ZnO counterparts was 31 μg/ml. Up-regulation of apoptotic genes (e.g. p53, bax/bcl2 ratio, caspase-3 & caspase-9) along with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential suggested that Al-doped ZnO nanoparticles induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through mitochondrial pathway. Importantly, Al-doping did not change the benign nature of ZnO nanoparticles towards normal cells suggesting that Al-doping improves the selective cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles toward MCF-7 cells without affecting the normal cells. Our results indicated a novel approach through which the inherent selective cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles against cancer cells can be further improved.
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170
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Abdelmonem AM, Pelaz B, Kantner K, Bigall NC, Del Pino P, Parak WJ. Charge and agglomeration dependent in vitro uptake and cytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 153:334-338. [PMID: 26387023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the surface charge and the state of agglomeration of ZnO nanoparticles on cellular uptake and viability are investigated. For this purpose, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by colloidal routes and their physicochemical properties were investigated in detail. Three different surface modifications were investigated, involving coatings with the amphiphilic polymer poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride)-graft-dodecyl, mercaptoundecanoic acid, and L-arginine, which provide the nanoparticles with either a negative or a positive zeta-potential. The hydrodynamic diameters and zeta-potentials of all three nanoparticle species were investigated at different pH values and NaCl concentrations by means of dynamic light scattering and laser Doppler anemometry, respectively. The three differently modified ZnO nanoparticle species of similar sizes were also investigated in respect to their cellular uptake by 3T3 fibroblasts and HeLa cells, and their effect on cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Pelaz
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Kantner
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nadja C Bigall
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany; CIC Biomagune, San Sebastian, Spain.
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171
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Bonfanti P, Moschini E, Saibene M, Bacchetta R, Rettighieri L, Calabri L, Colombo A, Mantecca P. Do Nanoparticle Physico-Chemical Properties and Developmental Exposure Window Influence Nano ZnO Embryotoxicity in Xenopus laevis? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015. [PMID: 26225989 PMCID: PMC4555250 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120808828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The growing global production of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) suggests a realistic increase in the environmental exposure to such a nanomaterial, making the knowledge of its biological reactivity and its safe-by-design synthesis mandatory. In this study, the embryotoxicity of ZnONPs (1-100 mg/L) specifically synthesized for industrial purposes with different sizes, shapes (round, rod) and surface coatings (PEG, PVP) was tested using the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX) to identify potential target tissues and the most sensitive developmental stages. The ZnONPs did not cause embryolethality, but induced a high incidence of malformations, in particular misfolded gut and abdominal edema. Smaller, round NPs were more effective than the bigger, rod ones, and PEGylation determined a reduction in embryotoxicity. Ingestion appeared to be the most relevant exposure route. Only the embryos exposed from the stomodeum opening showed anatomical and histological lesions to the intestine, mainly referable to a swelling of paracellular spaces among enterocytes. In conclusion, ZnONPs differing in shape and surface coating displayed similar toxicity in X. laevis embryos and shared the same target organ. Nevertheless, we cannot exclude that the physico-chemical characteristics may influence the severity of such effects. Further research efforts are mandatory to ensure the synthesis of safer nano-ZnO-containing products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Bonfanti
- Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, POLARIS Research Centre, University of Milano Bicocca, 1 Piazza della Scienza, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Elisa Moschini
- Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, POLARIS Research Centre, University of Milano Bicocca, 1 Piazza della Scienza, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Melissa Saibene
- Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, POLARIS Research Centre, University of Milano Bicocca, 1 Piazza della Scienza, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Renato Bacchetta
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 26 via Celoria, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Lorenzo Calabri
- Tec Star S.r.l., Viale Europa, 40, 41011 Campogalliano, Italy.
| | - Anita Colombo
- Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, POLARIS Research Centre, University of Milano Bicocca, 1 Piazza della Scienza, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Paride Mantecca
- Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, POLARIS Research Centre, University of Milano Bicocca, 1 Piazza della Scienza, 20126 Milan, Italy.
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172
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Saptarshi SR, Duschl A, Lopata AL. Biological reactivity of zinc oxide nanoparticles with mammalian test systems: an overview. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2075-92. [PMID: 26135328 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have useful physicochemical advantages, and are used extensively. This has raised concerns regarding their potential toxicity. ZnO NP attributes that contribute to cytotoxicity and immune reactivity, however, seem to vary across literature considerably. Largely, dissolution and generation of reactive oxygen species appear to be the most commonly reported paradigms. Moreover, ZnO NP size and shape may also contribute toward their overall nano-bio interactions. Analysis is further complicated by factors such as adsorption of proteins on the NP surface, which may influence their bioreactivity. The main aim of this review is to give a systematic overview of the postulates explaining cytotoxic, inflammatory and genotoxic effects of ZnO NPs when exposed to different types of cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti R Saptarshi
- Molecular Immunology Group, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery & Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Albert Duschl
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andreas L Lopata
- Molecular Immunology Group, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery & Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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173
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Watson CY, Molina RM, Louzada A, Murdaugh KM, Donaghey TC, Brain JD. Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on Kupffer cell phagosomal motility, bacterial clearance, and liver function. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:4173-84. [PMID: 26170657 PMCID: PMC4492628 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s82807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zinc oxide engineered nanoparticles (ZnO ENPs) have potential as nanomedicines due to their inherent properties. Studies have described their pulmonary impact, but less is known about the consequences of ZnO ENP interactions with the liver. This study was designed to describe the effects of ZnO ENPs on the liver and Kupffer cells after intravenous (IV) administration. Materials and methods First, pharmacokinetic studies were conducted to determine the tissue distribution of neutron-activated 65ZnO ENPs post-IV injection in Wistar Han rats. Then, a noninvasive in vivo method to assess Kupffer cell phagosomal motility was employed using ferromagnetic iron particles and magnetometry. We also examined whether prior IV injection of ZnO ENPs altered Kupffer cell bactericidal activity on circulating Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Serum and liver tissues were collected to assess liver-injury biomarkers and histological changes, respectively. Results We found that the liver was the major site of initial uptake of 65ZnO ENPs. There was a time-dependent decrease in tissue levels of 65Zn in all organs examined, refecting particle dissolution. In vivo magnetometry showed a time-dependent and transient reduction in Kupffer cell phagosomal motility. Animals challenged with P. aeruginosa 24 hours post-ZnO ENP injection showed an initial (30 minutes) delay in vascular bacterial clearance. However, by 4 hours, IV-injected bacteria were cleared from the blood, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys. Seven days post-ZnO ENP injection, creatine phosphokinase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in serum were significantly increased. Histological evidence of hepatocyte damage and marginated neutrophils were observed in the liver. Conclusion Administration of ZnO ENPs transiently inhibited Kupffer cell phagosomal motility and later induced hepatocyte injury, but did not alter bacterial clearance from the blood or killing in the liver, spleen, lungs, or kidneys. Our data show that diminished Kupffer cell organelle motion correlated with ZnO ENP-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Y Watson
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramon M Molina
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andressa Louzada
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly M Murdaugh
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas C Donaghey
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph D Brain
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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174
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Silver nanoparticles affects the expression of biomarker genes mRNA in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-015-2144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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175
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Rai M, Ingle AP, Birla S, Yadav A, Santos CAD. Strategic role of selected noble metal nanoparticles in medicine. Crit Rev Microbiol 2015; 42:696-719. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2015.1018131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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176
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Hatipoglu MK, Keleştemur S, Altunbek M, Culha M. Source of cytotoxicity in a colloidal silver nanoparticle suspension. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:195103. [PMID: 25904404 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/19/195103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly used in a variety of applications because of their potential antimicrobial activity and their plasmonic and conductivity properties. In this study, we investigated the source of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production on human dermal fibroblast and human lung cancer (A549) cell lines upon exposure to AgNP colloidal suspensions prepared with the simplest and most commonly used Lee–Meisel method with a variety of reaction times and the concentrations of the reducing agent. The AgNPs synthesized with shorter reaction times were more cytotoxic and genotoxic due to the presence of a few nanometer-sized AgNP seeds. The suspensions prepared with an increased citrate concentration were not cytotoxic, but they induced more ROS generation on A549 cells due to the high citrate concentration. The genotoxicity of the suspension decreased significantly at the higher citrate concentrations. The analysis of both transmission electron microscopy images from the dried droplet areas of the colloidal suspensions and toxicity data indicated that the AgNP seeds were the major source of toxicity. The completion of the nucleation step and the formation of larger AgNPs effectively decreased the toxicity.
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177
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Lin S, Taylor AA, Zhaoxia J, Chang CH, Kinsinger NM, Ueng W, Walker SL, Nel AE. Understanding the transformation, speciation, and hazard potential of copper particles in a model septic tank system using zebrafish to monitor the effluent. ACS NANO 2015; 9:2038-48. [PMID: 25625504 PMCID: PMC4412597 DOI: 10.1021/nn507216f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although copper-containing nanoparticles are used in commercial products such as fungicides and bactericides, we presently do not understand the environmental impact on other organisms that may be inadvertently exposed. In this study, we used the zebrafish embryo as a screening tool to study the potential impact of two nano Cu-based materials, CuPRO and Kocide, in comparison to nanosized and micron-sized Cu and CuO particles in their pristine form (0-10 ppm) as well as following their transformation in an experimental wastewater treatment system. This was accomplished by construction of a modeled domestic septic tank system from which effluents could be retrieved at different stages following particle introduction (10 ppm). The Cu speciation in the effluent was identified as nondissolvable inorganic Cu(H2PO2)2 and nondiffusible organic Cu by X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT), and Visual MINTEQ software. While the nanoscale materials, including the commercial particles, were clearly more potent (showing 50% hatching interference above 0.5 ppm) than the micron-scale particulates with no effect on hatching up to 10 ppm, the Cu released from the particles in the septic tank underwent transformation into nonbioavailable species that failed to interfere with the function of the zebrafish embryo hatching enzyme. Moreover, we demonstrate that the addition of humic acid, as an organic carbon component, could lead to a dose-dependent decrease in Cu toxicity in our high content zebrafish embryo screening assay. Thus, the use of zebrafish embryo screening, in combination with the effluents obtained from a modeled exposure environment, enables a bioassay approach to follow the change in the speciation and hazard potential of Cu particles instead of difficult-to-perform direct particle tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Lin
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alicia A. Taylor
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA
| | - Ji Zhaoxia
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Nichola M. Kinsinger
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA
| | - William Ueng
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sharon L. Walker
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA
- Corresponding Author: André E. Nel, M.D., Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, UCLA School of Medicine, 52–175 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1680., Tel: (310) 825-6620, Fax: (310) 206-8107, ; Sharon L. Walker, Ph.D., Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside, CA 92521., Tel: (951)827-6094,
| | - André E. Nel
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Corresponding Author: André E. Nel, M.D., Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, UCLA School of Medicine, 52–175 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1680., Tel: (310) 825-6620, Fax: (310) 206-8107, ; Sharon L. Walker, Ph.D., Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside, CA 92521., Tel: (951)827-6094,
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178
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Li L, Hu L, Zhou Q, Huang C, Wang Y, Sun C, Jiang G. Sulfidation as a natural antidote to metallic nanoparticles is overestimated: CuO sulfidation yields CuS nanoparticles with increased toxicity in medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:2486-2495. [PMID: 25625586 DOI: 10.1021/es505878f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidation is considered as a natural antidote to toxicity of metallic nanoparticles (NPs). The detoxification contribution from sulfidation, however, may vary depending on sulfidation mechanisms. Here we present the dissolution-precipitation instead of direct solid-state-shell mechanism to illustrate the process of CuO-NPs conversion to CuS-NPs in aqueous solutions. Accordingly, the CuS-NPs at environmentally relevant concentrations showed much stronger interference on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryo hatching than CuO-NPs, which was probably due to elevated free copper ions released from CuS-NPs, leading to significant increase in oxidative stress and causing toxicity in embryos. The larval length was significantly reduced by CuS-NPs, however, no other obviously abnormal morphological features were identified in the hatched larvae. Co-introduction of a metal ion chelator [ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)] could abolish the hatching inhibition induced by CuS-NPs, indicating free copper ions released from CuS-NPs play an important role in hatching interference. This work documents for the first time that sulfidation as a natural antidote to metallic NPs is being overestimated, which has far reaching implications for risk assessment of metallic NPs in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 18, Shuangqing Road, Haidian, Beijing 100085, China
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179
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Soenen SJ, Parak WJ, Rejman J, Manshian B. (Intra)cellular stability of inorganic nanoparticles: effects on cytotoxicity, particle functionality, and biomedical applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:2109-35. [PMID: 25757742 DOI: 10.1021/cr400714j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefaan J Soenen
- Biomedical MRI Unit/MoSAIC, Department of Medicine, KULeuven , B3000 Leuven, Belgium
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180
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Roy R, Das M, Dwivedi PD. Toxicological mode of action of ZnO nanoparticles: Impact on immune cells. Mol Immunol 2015; 63:184-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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181
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Kaweeteerawat C, Ivask A, Liu R, Zhang H, Chang CH, Low-Kam C, Fischer H, Ji Z, Pokhrel S, Cohen Y, Telesca D, Zink J, Mädler L, Holden PA, Nel A, Godwin H. Toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles in Escherichia coli correlates with conduction band and hydration energies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:1105-12. [PMID: 25563693 DOI: 10.1021/es504259s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide nanoparticles (MOx NPs) are used for a host of applications, such as electronics, cosmetics, construction, and medicine, and as a result, the safety of these materials to humans and the environment is of considerable interest. A prior study of 24 MOx NPs in mammalian cells revealed that some of these materials show hazard potential. Here, we report the growth inhibitory effects of the same series of MOx NPs in the bacterium Escherichia coli and show that toxicity trends observed in E. coli parallel those seen previously in mammalian cells. Of the 24 materials studied, only ZnO, CuO, CoO, Mn2O3, Co3O4, Ni2O3, and Cr2O3 were found to exert significant growth inhibitory effects; these effects were found to relate to membrane damage and oxidative stress responses in minimal trophic media. A correlation of the toxicological data with physicochemical parameters of MOx NPs revealed that the probability of a MOx NP being toxic increases as the hydration enthalpy becomes less negative and as the conduction band energy approaches those of biological molecules. These observations are consistent with prior results observed in mammalian cells, revealing that mechanisms of toxicity of MOx NPs are consistent across two very different taxa. These results suggest that studying nanotoxicity in E. coli may help to predict toxicity patterns in higher organisms.
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182
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Fukui H, Iwahashi H, Endoh S, Nishio K, Yoshida Y, Hagihara Y, Horie M. Ascorbic acid attenuates acute pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation caused by zinc oxide nanoparticles. J Occup Health 2015; 57:118-25. [PMID: 25735507 DOI: 10.1539/joh.14-0161-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is known that inhalation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) induces acute pulmonary dysfunction, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and injury, but there are no reports on how to prevent these adverse effects. We have previously reported that the pulmonary symptoms caused by ZnO NPs were associated with oxidative stress; in the present study, we therefore investigated the use of ascorbic acid (AA), which is known as vitamin C, to prevent these toxic effects. METHODS A ZnO NP dispersion was introduced into rat lungs by intratracheal injection, and thereafter a 1% aqueous AA solution was given as drinking water. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected at 1 day and 1 week after injection, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured. In addition, expression of the chemokine cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractants (CINCs), HO-1, and metallothionein-1 (MT-1) genes in the lungs were determined. RESULTS Acute oxidative stress induced by ZnO NPs was suppressed by supplying AA. Increases in LDH activity and IL-6 concentration were also suppressed by AA, as was the expression of the CINC-1, CINC-3, and HO-1 genes. CONCLUSIONS Oral intake of AA prevents acute pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation caused by ZnO NPs. Intake of AA after unanticipated exposure to ZnO NPs is possibly the first effective treatment for the acute pulmonary dysfunction they cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Fukui
- Health Research Institute (HRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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183
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Yin H, Chen R, Casey PS, Ke PC, Davis TP, Chen C. Reducing the cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles by a pre-formed protein corona in a supplemented cell culture medium. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14870g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) remains a critical concern considering that they are a common constituent in cosmetics and sunscreen formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yin
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)
- Manufacturing Flagship
- Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Rui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Philip S. Casey
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)
- Manufacturing Flagship
- Australia
| | - Pu Chun Ke
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing
- China
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184
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Ruyra À, Yazdi A, Espín J, Carné-Sánchez A, Roher N, Lorenzo J, Imaz I, Maspoch D. Synthesis, culture medium stability, and in vitro and in vivo zebrafish embryo toxicity of metal-organic framework nanoparticles. Chemistry 2014; 21:2508-18. [PMID: 25504892 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are among the most attractive porous materials available today. They have garnered much attention for their potential utility in many different areas such as gas storage, separation, catalysis, and biomedicine. However, very little is known about the possible health or environmental risks of these materials. Here, the results of toxicity studies on sixteen representative uncoated MOF nanoparticles (nanoMOFs), which were assessed for cytotoxicity to HepG2 and MCF7 cells in vitro, and for toxicity to zebrafish embryos in vivo, are reported. Interestingly, there is a strong correlation between their in vitro toxicity and their in vivo toxicity. NanoMOFs were ranked according to their respective in vivo toxicity (in terms of the amount and severity of phenotypic changes observed in the treated zebrafish embryos), which varied widely. Altogether these results show different levels of toxicity of these materials; however, leaching of solubilized metal ions plays a main role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngels Ruyra
- ICN2 (ICN-CSIC), Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia, Esfera UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona (Spain); Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Parc de Recerca UAB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona (Spain)
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185
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Hua J, Vijver MG, Richardson MK, Ahmad F, Peijnenburg WJGM. Particle-specific toxic effects of differently shaped zinc oxide nanoparticles to zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:2859-2868. [PMID: 25244315 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A general approach is proposed that allows for quantifying the relative toxic contribution of ions released from metallic nanoparticles and of the particles themselves, as exemplified for the case of differently shaped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) exposed to zebrafish embryos. First of all, the toxicity of suspensions of ZnO nanoparticles (NP(total))--nanospheres, nanosticks, cuboidal submicron particles (SMPs), and Zn(NO3)2--to the embryos was assessed. The observed toxicity of ZnO NP(total) is assumed to result from the combined effect of the particles present in the suspensions (NP(particle)) and of the dissolved Zn(2+) ions released from the particles (NP(ion)). Different addition models were used to explicitly account for the toxicity of NP(particle). The median lethal concentrations (LC50) of NP(particle) of nanospheres, nanosticks, and SMPs were found to range between 7.1 mg Zn/L and 11.9 mg Zn/L (i.e., to differ by a factor of 1.7). Behavioral performance showed no significant differences among all types of the NP(particle). The median effective concentrations (EC50) of the particles were found to range between 1.0 mg Zn/L and 2.2 mg Zn/L. At the LC50 of each particle suspension, the main contribution to lethality to zebrafish embryos was from the NP(particle) (52%-72%). For hatching inhibition, the NP(particle) was responsible for 38% to 83% of the adverse effects observed. The ZnO nanosticks were more toxic than any of the other NPs with regard to the endpoints mortality and hatching inhibition. The main contribution to toxicity to zebrafish embryos was from the NP(particle) at the LC50 and EC50 of each particle suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hua
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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186
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Johnson BM, Fraietta JA, Gracias DT, Hope JL, Stairiker CJ, Patel PR, Mueller YM, McHugh MD, Jablonowski LJ, Wheatley MA, Katsikis PD. Acute exposure to ZnO nanoparticles induces autophagic immune cell death. Nanotoxicology 2014; 9:737-48. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.974709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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187
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Yokel RA, Hussain S, Garantziotis S, Demokritou P, Castranova V, Cassee FR. The Yin: An adverse health perspective of nanoceria: uptake, distribution, accumulation, and mechanisms of its toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2014; 1:406-428. [PMID: 25243070 PMCID: PMC4167411 DOI: 10.1039/c4en00039k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This critical review evolved from a SNO Special Workshop on Nanoceria panel presentation addressing the toxicological risks of nanoceria: accumulation, target organs, and issues of clearance; how exposure dose/concentration, exposure route, and experimental preparation/model influence the different reported effects of nanoceria; and how can safer by design concepts be applied to nanoceria? It focuses on the most relevant routes of human nanoceria exposure and uptake, disposition, persistence, and resultant adverse effects. The pulmonary, oral, dermal, and topical ocular exposure routes are addressed as well as the intravenous route, as the latter provides a reference for the pharmacokinetic fate of nanoceria once introduced into blood. Nanoceria reaching the blood is primarily distributed to mononuclear phagocytic system organs. Available data suggest nanoceria's distribution is not greatly affected by dose, shape, or dosing schedule. Significant attention has been paid to the inhalation exposure route. Nanoceria distribution from the lung to the rest of the body is less than 1% of the deposited dose, and from the gastrointestinal tract even less. Intracellular nanoceria and organ burdens persist for at least months, suggesting very slow clearance rates. The acute toxicity of nanoceria is very low. However, large/accumulated doses produce granuloma in the lung and liver, and fibrosis in the lung. Toxicity, including genotoxicity, increases with exposure time; the effects disappear slowly, possibly due to nanoceria's biopersistence. Nanoceria may exert toxicity through oxidative stress. Adverse effects seen at sites distal to exposure may be due to nanoceria translocation or released biomolecules. An example is elevated oxidative stress indicators in the brain, in the absence of appreciable brain nanoceria. Nanoceria may change its nature in biological environments and cause changes in biological molecules. Increased toxicity has been related to greater surface Ce3+, which becomes more relevant as particle size decreases and the ratio of surface area to volume increases. Given its biopersistence and resulting increased toxicity with time, there is a risk that long-term exposure to low nanoceria levels may eventually lead to adverse health effects. This critical review provides recommendations for research to resolve some of the many unknowns of nanoceria's fate and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Yokel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, US ; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, US
| | - Salik Hussain
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, US
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, US
| | | | - Vincent Castranova
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, US ; West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, US
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- Centre for Sustainability, Environmental & Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands ; Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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188
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Holden PA, Klaessig F, Turco RF, Priester JH, Rico CM, Avila-Arias H, Mortimer M, Pacpaco K, Gardea-Torresdey JL. Evaluation of exposure concentrations used in assessing manufactured nanomaterial environmental hazards: are they relevant? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:10541-51. [PMID: 25158225 DOI: 10.1021/es502440s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) are increasingly produced and used in consumer goods, yet our knowledge regarding their environmental risks is limited. Environmental risks are assessed by characterizing exposure levels and biological receptor effects. As MNMs have rarely been quantified in environmental samples, our understanding of exposure level is limited. Absent direct measurements, environmental MNM concentrations are estimated from exposure modeling. Hazard, the potential for effects on biological receptors, is measured in the laboratory using a range of administered MNM concentrations. Yet concerns have been raised regarding the "relevancy" of hazard assessments, particularly when the administered MNM concentrations exceed those predicted to occur in the environment. What MNM concentrations are administered in hazard assessments and which are "environmentally relevant"? This review regards MNM concentrations in hazard assessments, from over 600 peer-reviewed articles published between 2008 and 2013. Some administered MNM concentrations overlap with, but many diverge from, predicted environmental concentrations. Other uncertainties influence the environmental relevance of current hazard assessments and exposure models, including test conditions, bioavailable concentrations, mode of action, MNM production volumes, and model validation. Therefore, it may be premature for MNM risk research to sanction information on the basis of concentration "environmental relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Holden
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5131, United States
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189
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Hsu A, Liu F, Leung YH, Ma APY, Djurišić AB, Leung FCC, Chan WK, Lee HK. Is the effect of surface modifying molecules on antibacterial activity universal for a given material? NANOSCALE 2014; 6:10323-10331. [PMID: 25072881 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02366h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial activity of nanomaterials is strongly dependent on their properties, and their stability and toxicity can be varied using surface coatings. We investigated the effect of different surface modifying molecules on the antibacterial properties of two ZnO nanoparticle samples. We found that the starting surface properties of the nanoparticles have significant effects on the attachment of the surface modifying molecules and consequent antibacterial activity. Two out of five investigated surface modifying molecules not only had a significant difference in the magnitude of their effect on different nanoparticles, but also resulted in the opposite effects on two ZnO nanoparticle samples (an enhancement of antibacterial activity for one and a reduction of antibacterial activity for the other ZnO sample). This indicates that no general rule on the effect of a specific molecule on the toxicity of a metal oxide nanoparticle can be derived without knowing the nanoparticle properties, due to the fact that surface modifier attachment onto the surface is affected by the initial surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hsu
- Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
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190
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Konduru NV, Murdaugh KM, Sotiriou GA, Donaghey TC, Demokritou P, Brain JD, Molina RM. Bioavailability, distribution and clearance of tracheally-instilled and gavaged uncoated or silica-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:44. [PMID: 25183210 PMCID: PMC4237897 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-014-0044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticle pharmacokinetics and biological effects are influenced by several factors. We assessed the effects of amorphous SiO2 coating on the pharmacokinetics of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) following intratracheal (IT) instillation and gavage in rats. METHODS Uncoated and SiO2-coated ZnO NPs were neutron-activated and IT-instilled at 1 mg/kg or gavaged at 5 mg/kg. Rats were followed over 28 days post-IT, and over 7 days post-gavage. Tissue samples were analyzed for 65Zn radioactivity. Pulmonary responses to instilled NPs were also evaluated at 24 hours. RESULTS SiO2-coated ZnO elicited significantly higher inflammatory responses than uncoated NPs. Pulmonary clearance of both 65ZnO NPs was biphasic with a rapid initial t1/2 (0.2 - 0.3 hours), and a slower terminal t1/2 of 1.2 days (SiO2-coated ZnO) and 1.7 days (ZnO). Both NPs were almost completely cleared by day 7 (>98%). With IT-instilled 65ZnO NPs, significantly more 65Zn was found in skeletal muscle, liver, skin, kidneys, cecum and blood on day 2 in uncoated than SiO2-coated NPs. By 28 days, extrapulmonary levels of 65Zn from both NPs significantly decreased. However, 65Zn levels in skeletal muscle, skin and blood remained higher from uncoated NPs. Interestingly, 65Zn levels in bone marrow and thoracic lymph nodes were higher from coated 65ZnO NPs. More 65Zn was excreted in the urine from rats instilled with SiO2-coated 65ZnO NPs. After 7 days post-gavage, only 7.4% (uncoated) and 6.7% (coated) of 65Zn dose were measured in all tissues combined. As with instilled NPs, after gavage significantly more 65Zn was measured in skeletal muscle from uncoated NPs and less in thoracic lymph nodes. More 65Zn was excreted in the urine and feces with coated than uncoated 65ZnO NPs. However, over 95% of the total dose of both NPs was eliminated in the feces by day 7. CONCLUSIONS Although SiO2-coated ZnO NPs were more inflammogenic, the overall lung clearance rate was not affected. However, SiO2 coating altered the tissue distribution of 65Zn in some extrapulmonary tissues. For both IT instillation and gavage administration, SiO2 coating enhanced transport of 65Zn to thoracic lymph nodes and decreased transport to the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ramon M Molina
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston 02115, MA, USA.
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191
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Javed Y, Lartigue L, Hugounenq P, Vuong QL, Gossuin Y, Bazzi R, Wilhelm C, Ricolleau C, Gazeau F, Alloyeau D. Biodegradation mechanisms of iron oxide monocrystalline nanoflowers and tunable shield effect of gold coating. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:3325-37. [PMID: 24797733 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the relation between the structure and the reactivity of nanomaterials in the organism is a crucial step towards efficient and safe biomedical applications. The multi-scale approach reported here, allows following the magnetic and structural transformations of multicore maghemite nanoflowers in a medium mimicking intracellular lysosomal environment. By confronting atomic-scale and macroscopic information on the biodegradation of these complex nanostuctures, we can unravel the mechanisms involved in the critical alterations of their hyperthermic power and their Magnetic Resonance imaging T1 and T2 contrast effect. This transformation of multicore nanoparticles with outstanding magnetic properties into poorly magnetic single core clusters highlights the harmful influence of cellular medium on the therapeutic and diagnosis effectiveness of iron oxide-based nanomaterials. As biodegradation occurs through surface reactivity mechanism, we demonstrate that the inert activity of gold nanoshells can be exploited to protect iron oxide nanostructures. Such inorganic nanoshields could be a relevant strategy to modulate the degradability and ultimately the long term fate of nanomaterials in the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Javed
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR 7162 CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
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192
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Hua J, Vijver MG, Ahmad F, Richardson MK, Peijnenburg WJGM. Toxicity of different-sized copper nano- and submicron particles and their shed copper ions to zebrafish embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:1774-82. [PMID: 24839162 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Three sizes of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs; 25 nm, 50 nm, and 100 nm), 1 submicron-sized particle, and Cu(NO3 )2 were added to the culture buffer of zebrafish embryos from 24 h postfertilization to 120 h postfertilization. In suspensions of Cu NPs and the Cu submicron-sized particle, the main contribution to the toxicity to zebrafish embryos was from the particle form of Cu particles (Cu NPparticle , >71%) rather than from dissolved Cu from the Cu particles (Cu NPion ). All particles tested as well as copper nitrate inhibited hatching, altered behavioral responses, and increased the incidence of malformations. Different kinds of abnormalities were observed in the morphology and behavior of the zebrafish embryos, depending on the particle size of the Cu suspensions tested. The median lethal concentrations of Cu NPparticle (25 nm, 50 nm, and 100 nm), the submicron-sized particle, and copper nitrate were 0.58 mg/L, 1.65 mg/L, 1.90 mg/L, 0.35 mg/L, and 0.70 mg/L, respectively. Submicron-sized particles and copper nitrate were more toxic than Cu NPs, and smaller Cu NPs were more toxic than larger Cu NPs. Dissolution of Cu NPs and the subsequent ion toxicity was not the primary mechanism of Cu NP toxicity in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hua
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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193
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Triboulet S, Aude-Garcia C, Armand L, Gerdil A, Diemer H, Proamer F, Collin-Faure V, Habert A, Strub JM, Hanau D, Herlin N, Carrière M, Van Dorsselaer A, Rabilloud T. Analysis of cellular responses of macrophages to zinc ions and zinc oxide nanoparticles: a combined targeted and proteomic approach. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:6102-6114. [PMID: 24788578 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00319e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two different zinc oxide nanoparticles, as well as zinc ions, are used to study the cellular responses of the RAW 264 macrophage cell line. A proteomic screen is used to provide a wide view of the molecular effects of zinc, and the most prominent results are cross-validated by targeted studies. Furthermore, the alteration of important macrophage functions (e.g. phagocytosis) by zinc is also investigated. The intracellular dissolution/uptake of zinc is also studied to further characterize zinc toxicity. Zinc oxide nanoparticles dissolve readily in the cells, leading to high intracellular zinc concentrations, mostly as protein-bound zinc. The proteomic screen reveals a rather weak response in the oxidative stress response pathway, but a strong response both in the central metabolism and in the proteasomal protein degradation pathway. Targeted experiments confirm that carbohydrate catabolism and proteasome are critical determinants of sensitivity to zinc, which also induces DNA damage. Conversely, glutathione levels and phagocytosis appear unaffected at moderately toxic zinc concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Triboulet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, UMR CNRS-CEA-UJF 5249, iRTSV/LCBM, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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194
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Luo M, Shen C, Feltis BN, Martin LL, Hughes AE, Wright PFA, Turney TW. Reducing ZnO nanoparticle cytotoxicity by surface modification. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:5791-8. [PMID: 24740013 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00458b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticulate zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most widely used engineered nanomaterials and its toxicology has gained considerable recent attention. A key aspect for controlling biological interactions at the nanoscale is understanding the relevant nanoparticle surface chemistry. In this study, we have determined the disposition of ZnO nanoparticles within human immune cells by measurement of total Zn, as well as the proportions of extra- and intracellular dissolved Zn as a function of dose and surface coating. From this mass balance, the intracellular soluble Zn levels showed little difference in regard to dose above a certain minimal level or to different surface coatings. PEGylation of ZnO NPs reduced their cytotoxicity as a result of decreased cellular uptake arising from a minimal protein corona. We conclude that the key role of the surface properties of ZnO NPs in controlling cytotoxicity is to regulate cellular nanoparticle uptake rather than altering either intracellular or extracellular Zn dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdeng Luo
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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195
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George S, Gardner H, Seng EK, Chang H, Wang C, Yu Fang CH, Richards M, Valiyaveettil S, Chan WK. Differential effect of solar light in increasing the toxicity of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles to a fish cell line and zebrafish embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:6374-82. [PMID: 24811346 DOI: 10.1021/es405768n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of silver (Ag) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) in consumer products and their inevitable seepage into the environment prompted us to investigate their potential toxicity to a fish cell line (BF-2) and zebrafish embryos under dark and Simulated Solar Light (SSL) exposure conditions. Using high throughput screening (HTS) platforms, we showed that the oxidative stress-dependent cytotoxicity and embryonic toxicity of NPs were significantly increased upon exposure to SSL. While, the toxicity of TiO2 NPs under SSL exposure could be explained by hydroxyl radical generation, the enhanced toxicity of Ag NPs under SSL exposure was due to surface oxidation and physicochemical modification of Ag NPs and shedding of Ag+, leading to an increased bioavailability of silver. Our observations that solar light could induce physicochemical transformation of TiO2 and Ag NPs and enhance their toxic potential emphasizes the need for conducting future toxicity studies under environmentally relevant exposure conditions to guide decision making on the safe handling of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saji George
- Centre for Sustainable Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic , Singapore 569830
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196
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Carrillo-Carrión C, Nazarenus M, Paradinas SS, Carregal-Romero S, Almendral MJ, Fuentes M, Pelaz B, del Pino P, Hussain I, Clift MJD, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Liang XJ, Parak WJ. Metal ions in the context of nanoparticles toward biological applications. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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197
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Zhang H, Pokhrel S, Ji Z, Meng H, Wang X, Lin S, Chang CH, Li L, Li R, Sun B, Wang M, Liao YP, Liu R, Xia T, Mädler L, Nel AE. PdO doping tunes band-gap energy levels as well as oxidative stress responses to a Co₃O₄ p-type semiconductor in cells and the lung. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6406-20. [PMID: 24673286 PMCID: PMC4410908 DOI: 10.1021/ja501699e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
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We demonstrate through PdO doping
that creation of heterojunctions
on Co3O4 nanoparticles can quantitatively adjust
band-gap and Fermi energy levels to study the impact of metal oxide
nanoparticle semiconductor properties on cellular redox homeostasis
and hazard potential. Flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) was used to synthesize
a nanoparticle library in which the gradual increase in the PdO content
(0–8.9%) allowed electron transfer from Co3O4 to PdO to align Fermi energy levels across the heterojunctions.
This alignment was accompanied by free hole accumulation at the Co3O4 interface and production of hydroxyl radicals.
Interestingly, there was no concomitant superoxide generation, which
could reflect the hole dominance of a p-type semiconductor.
Although the electron flux across the heterojunctions induced upward
band bending, the Ec levels of the doped
particles showed energy overlap with the biological redox potential
(BRP). This allows electron capture from the redox couples that maintain
the BRP from −4.12 to −4.84 eV, causing disruption of
cellular redox homeostasis and induction of oxidative stress. PdO/Co3O4 nanoparticles showed significant increases in
cytotoxicity at 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL, which was enhanced
incrementally by PdO doping in BEAS-2B and RAW 264.7 cells. Oxidative
stress presented as a tiered cellular response involving superoxide
generation, glutathione depletion, cytokine production, and cytotoxicity
in epithelial and macrophage cell lines. A progressive series of acute
pro-inflammatory effects could also be seen in the lungs of animals
exposed to incremental PdO-doped particles. All considered, generation
of a combinatorial PdO/Co3O4 nanoparticle library
with incremental heterojunction density allowed us to demonstrate
the integrated role of Ev, Ec, and Ef levels in the generation
of oxidant injury and inflammation by the p-type
semiconductor, Co3O4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, Jilin, China
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198
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Kwon D, Jeon SK, Yoon TH. Impact of agglomeration on the bioaccumulation of sub-100nm sized TiO2. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 116:277-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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199
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Sotiriou GA, Watson C, Murdaugh KM, Darrah TH, Pyrgiotakis G, Elder A, Brain JD, Demokritou P. Engineering safer-by-design, transparent, silica-coated ZnO nanorods with reduced DNA damage potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2014; 1:144-153. [PMID: 24955241 PMCID: PMC4060637 DOI: 10.1039/c3en00062a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles absorb UV light efficiently while remaining transparent in the visible light spectrum rendering them attractive in cosmetics and polymer films. Their broad use, however, raises concerns regarding potential environmental health risks and it has been shown that ZnO nanoparticles can induce significant DNA damage and cytotoxicity. Even though research on ZnO nanoparticle synthesis has made great progress, efforts on developing safer ZnO nanoparticles that maintain their inherent optoelectronic properties while exhibiting minimal toxicity are limited. Here, a safer-by-design concept was pursued by hermetically encapsulating ZnO nanorods in a biologically inert, nanothin amorphous SiO2 coating during their gas-phase synthesis. It is demonstrated that the SiO2 nanothin layer hermetically encapsulates the core ZnO nanorods without altering their optoelectronic properties. Furthermore, the effect of SiO2 on the toxicological profile of the core ZnO nanorods was assessed using the Nano-Cometchip assay by monitoring DNA damage at a cellular level using human lymphoblastoid cells (TK6). Results indicate significantly lower DNA damage (>3 times) for the SiO2-coated ZnO nanorods compared to uncoated ones. Such an industry-relevant, scalable, safer-by-design formulation of nanostructured materials can liberate their employment in nano-enabled products and minimize risks to the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios A. Sotiriou
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christa Watson
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kimberly M. Murdaugh
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Thomas H. Darrah
- School of Earth Sciences, 231 Mendenhall Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Georgios Pyrgiotakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alison Elder
- University of Rochester, Department of Environmental Medicine, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Joseph D. Brain
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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200
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Adamcakova-Dodd A, Stebounova LV, Kim JS, Vorrink SU, Ault AP, O'Shaughnessy PT, Grassian VH, Thorne PS. Toxicity assessment of zinc oxide nanoparticles using sub-acute and sub-chronic murine inhalation models. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:15. [PMID: 24684892 PMCID: PMC3994238 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-11-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are used in many commercial products and the potential for human exposure is increasing, few in vivo studies have addressed their possible toxic effects after inhalation. We sought to determine whether ZnO NPs induce pulmonary toxicity in mice following sub-acute or sub-chronic inhalation exposure to realistic exposure doses. METHODS Mice (C57Bl/6) were exposed to well-characterized ZnO NPs (3.5 mg/m3, 4 hr/day) for 2 (sub-acute) or 13 (sub-chronic) weeks and necropsied immediately (0 wk) or 3 weeks (3 wks) post exposure. Toxicity was assessed by enumeration of total and differential cells, determination of total protein, lactate dehydrogenase activity and inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid as well as measurements of pulmonary mechanics. Generation of reactive oxygen species was assessed in the lungs. Lungs were evaluated for histopathologic changes and Zn content. Zn concentration in blood, liver, kidney, spleen, heart, brain and BAL fluid was measured. RESULTS An elevated concentration of Zn2+ was detected in BAL fluid immediately after exposures, but returned to baseline levels 3 wks post exposure. Dissolution studies showed that ZnO NPs readily dissolved in artificial lysosomal fluid (pH 4.5), but formed aggregates and precipitates in artificial interstitial fluid (pH 7.4). Sub-acute exposure to ZnO NPs caused an increase of macrophages in BAL fluid and a moderate increase in IL-12(p40) and MIP-1α, but no other inflammatory or toxic responses were observed. Following both sub-acute and sub-chronic exposures, pulmonary mechanics were no different than sham-exposed animals. CONCLUSIONS Our ZnO NP inhalation studies showed minimal pulmonary inflammation, cytotoxicity or lung histopathologic changes. An elevated concentration of Zn in the lung and BAL fluid indicates dissolution of ZnO NPs in the respiratory system after inhalation. Exposure concentration, exposure mode and time post exposure played an important role in the toxicity of ZnO NPs. Exposure for 13 wks with a cumulative dose of 10.9 mg/kg yielded increased lung cellularity, but other markers of toxicity did not differ from sham-exposed animals, leading to the conclusion that ZnO NPs have low sub-chronic toxicity by the inhalation route.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter S Thorne
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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