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152
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Copper-free azide–alkyne cycloaddition of targeting peptides to porous silicon nanoparticles for intracellular drug uptake. Biomaterials 2014; 35:1257-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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153
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Rytkönen J, Arukuusk P, Xu W, Kurrikoff K, Langel U, Lehto VP, Närvänen A. Porous silicon-cell penetrating peptide hybrid nanocarrier for intracellular delivery of oligonucleotides. Mol Pharm 2013; 11:382-90. [PMID: 24341621 DOI: 10.1021/mp4002624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The largest obstacle to the use of oligonucleotides as therapeutic agents is the delivery of these large and negatively charged biomolecules through cell membranes into intracellular space. Mesoporous silicon (PSi) is widely recognized as a potential material for drug delivery purposes due to its several beneficial features like large surface area and pore volume, high loading capacity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. In the present study, PSi nanoparticles stabilized by thermal oxidation or thermal carbonization and subsequently modified by grafting aminosilanes on the surface are utilized as an oligonucleotide carrier. Splice correcting oligonucleotides (SCOs), a model oligonucleotide drug, were loaded into the positively charged PSi nanoparticles with a loading degree as high as 14.3% (w/w). Rapid loading was achieved by electrostatic interactions, with the loading efficiencies reaching 100% within 5 min. The nanoparticles were shown to deliver and release SCOs, in its biologically active form, inside cells when formulated together with cell penetrating peptides (CPP). The biological effect was monitored with splice correction assay and confocal microscopy utilizing HeLa pLuc 705 cells. Furthermore, the use of PSi carrier platform in oligonucleotide delivery did not reduce the cell viability. Additionally, the SCO-CPP complexes formed in the pores of the carrier were stabilized against proteolytic digestion. The advantageous properties of protecting and releasing the cargo and the possibility to further functionalize the carrier surface make the hybrid nanoparticles a potential system for oligonucleotide delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Rytkönen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland , Yliopistonranta 1, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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154
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Zhang H, Shahbazi MA, Mäkilä EM, da Silva TH, Reis RL, Salonen JJ, Hirvonen JT, Santos HA. Diatom silica microparticles for sustained release and permeation enhancement following oral delivery of prednisone and mesalamine. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9210-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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155
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Liu D, Herranz-Blanco B, Mäkilä E, Arriaga LR, Mirza S, Weitz DA, Sandler N, Salonen J, Hirvonen J, Santos HA. Microfluidic templated mesoporous silicon-solid lipid microcomposites for sustained drug delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:12127-12134. [PMID: 24175755 DOI: 10.1021/am403999q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge for a drug-delivery system is to engineer stable drug carriers with excellent biocompatibility, monodisperse size, and controllable release profiles. In this study, we used a microfluidic technique to encapsulate thermally hydrocarbonized porous silicon (THCPSi) microparticles within solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) to overcome the drawbacks accompanied by THCPSi microparticles. Formulation and process factors, such as lipid matrixes, organic solvents, emulsifiers, and methods to evaporate the organic solvents, were all evaluated and optimized to prepare monodisperse stable SLMs. FTIR analysis together with confocal images showed the clear deposition of THCPSi microparticles inside the monodisperse SLM matrix. The formation of monodisperse THCPSi-solid lipid microcomposites (THCPSi-SLMCs) not only altered the surface hydrophobicity and morphology of THCPSi microparticles but also remarkably enhanced their cytocompatibility with intestinal (Caco-2 and HT-29) cancer cells. Regardless of the solubility of the loaded therapeutics (aqueous insoluble, fenofibrate and furosemide; aqueous soluble, methotrexate and ranitidine) and the pH values of the release media (1.2, 5.0, and 7.4), the time for the release of 50% of the payloads from THCPSi-SLMC was at least 1.3 times longer than that from the THCPSi microparticles. The sustained release of both water-soluble and -insoluble drugs together with a reduced burst-release effect from monodisperse THCPSi-SLMC was achieved, indicating the successful encapsulation of THCPSi microparticles into the SLM matrix. The fabricated THCPSi-SLMCs exhibited monodisperse spherical morphology, enhanced cytocompatibility, and prolonged both water-soluble and -insoluble drug release, which makes it an attractive controllable drug-delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfei Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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156
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Xia B, Zhang W, Shi J, Xiao SJ. Engineered stealth porous silicon nanoparticles via surface encapsulation of bovine serum albumin for prolonging blood circulation in vivo. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:11718-11724. [PMID: 24138109 DOI: 10.1021/am403380e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent porous silicon nanoparticles (PSiNPs) have been widely used as drug delivery. However, fast biodegradation and short blood circulation have been major challenges for their biomedical applications. Herein, bovine serum albumin was readily encapsulated onto alkyl-terminated PSiNPs surfaces via hydrophobic interaction, which could significantly improve their water-dispersibility and long-term stability under physiological conditions. Furthermore, compared with PSiNPs alone, PSiNPs coated with bovine serum albumin remarkably reduced nonspecific cellular uptake in vitro and prolonged blood circulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology (Ministry of Education of China), Advanced Analysis & Testing Center, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
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157
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Srinivasan S, Alexander JF, Driessen WH, Leonard F, Ye H, Liu X, Arap W, Pasqualini R, Ferrari M, Godin B. Bacteriophage Associated Silicon Particles: Design and Characterization of a Novel Theranostic Vector with Improved Payload Carrying Potential. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:10.1039/C3TB20595A. [PMID: 24409342 PMCID: PMC3881592 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20595a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There has been extensive research on the use of nanovectors for cancer therapy. Targeted delivery of nanotherapeutics necessitates two important characteristics; the ability to accumulate at the disease locus after overcoming sequential biological barriers and the ability to carry a substantial therapeutic payload. Successful combination of the above two features is challenging, especially in solid porous materials where chemical conjugation of targeting entities on the particle surface will generally prevent successful loading of the therapeutic substance. In this study, we propose a novel strategy for decorating the surface of mesoporous silicon particles with targeting entities (bacteriophage) and gold nanoparticles (AuNP) while maintaining their payload carrying potential. The resulting Bacteriophage Associated Silicon Particles (BASP) demonstrates efficient encapsulation of macromolecules and therapeutic nanoparticles into the porous structures. In vitro targeting data show enhanced targeting efficiency with about four orders of magnitude lower concentration of bacteriophage. In vivo targeting data suggest that BASP maintain their integrity following intravenous administration in mice and display up to three fold higher accumulation in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wouter H. Driessen
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, David H. Koch Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Hu Ye
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xuewu Liu
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wadih Arap
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, David H. Koch Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, David H. Koch Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Biana Godin
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
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158
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Shahbazi MA, Hamidi M, Mäkilä EM, Zhang H, Almeida PV, Kaasalainen M, Salonen JJ, Hirvonen JT, Santos HA. The mechanisms of surface chemistry effects of mesoporous silicon nanoparticles on immunotoxicity and biocompatibility. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7776-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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159
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Nieto A, Hou H, Sailor MJ, Freeman WR, Cheng L. Ocular silicon distribution and clearance following intravitreal injection of porous silicon microparticles. Exp Eye Res 2013; 116:161-8. [PMID: 24036388 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Porous silicon (pSi) microparticles have been investigated for intravitreal drug delivery and demonstrated good biocompatibility. With the appropriate surface chemistry, pSi can reside in vitreous for months or longer. However, ocular distribution and clearance pathway of its degradation product, silicic acid, are not well understood. In the current study, rabbit ocular tissue was collected at different time point following fresh pSi (day 1, 5, 9, 16, and 21) or oxidized pSi (day 3, 7, 14, 21, and 35) intravitreal injection. In addition, dual-probe simultaneous microdialysis of aqueous and vitreous humor was performed following a bolus intravitreal injection of 0.25 mL silicic acid (150 μg/mL) and six consecutive microdialysates were collected every 20 min. Silicon was quantified from the samples using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. The study showed that following the intravitreal injection of oxidized pSi, free silicon was consistently higher in the aqueous than in the retina (8.1 ± 6.5 vs. 3.4 ± 3.9 μg/mL, p = 0.0031). The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of the retina was only about 24% that of the aqueous. The mean residence time was 16 days for aqueous, 13 days for vitreous, 6 days for retina, and 18 days for plasma. Similarly, following intravitreal fresh pSi, free silicon was also found higher in aqueous than in retina (7 ± 4.7 vs. 3.4 ± 4.1 μg/mL, p = 0.014). The AUC for the retina was about 50% of the AUC for the aqueous. The microdialysis revealed the terminal half-life of free silicon in the aqueous was 30 min and 92 min in the vitreous; the AUC for aqueous accounted for 38% of the AUC for vitreous. Our studies indicate that aqueous humor is a significant pathway for silicon egress from the eye following intravitreal injection of pSi crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Nieto
- Jacobs Retina Center at Shiley Eye Center at University of California, San Diego, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, USA
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160
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Kinnari PJ, Hyvönen MLK, Mäkilä EM, Kaasalainen MH, Rivinoja A, Salonen JJ, Hirvonen JT, Laakkonen PM, Santos HA. Tumour homing peptide-functionalized porous silicon nanovectors for cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9134-41. [PMID: 24008034 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tumour targeting nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated great potential for enhancing anticancer drug delivery to tumour sites and for reducing the side effects of chemotherapy. However, many nanoparticulate delivery systems still lack efficient tumour accumulation. In this work, we present a porous silicon (PSi) nanovector functionalized with a tumour-homing peptide, which targets the mammary-derived growth inhibitor (MDGI) expressing cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, thereby enhancing the accumulation of the NPs in the tumours. We demonstrated that the tumour homing peptide (herein designated as CooP) functionalized thermally hydrocarbonized PSi (THCPSi) NPs homed specifically to the subcutaneous MDGI-expressing xenograft tumours. The THCPSi-CooP NPs were stable in human plasma and their uptake by MDGI-expressing cancer cells measured by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry was significantly increased compared to the non-functionalized THCPSi NPs. After intravenous injections into nude mice bearing MDGI-expressing tumours, effective targeting was detected and THCPSi-CooP NPs showed ~9-fold higher accumulation in the tumour site compared to the control THCPSi NPs. Accumulation of both NPs in the vital organs was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi J Kinnari
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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161
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Bimbo LM, Denisova OV, Mäkilä E, Kaasalainen M, De Brabander JK, Hirvonen J, Salonen J, Kakkola L, Kainov D, Santos HA. Inhibition of influenza A virus infection in vitro by saliphenylhalamide-loaded porous silicon nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2013; 7:6884-6893. [PMID: 23889734 DOI: 10.1021/nn402062f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause recurrent epidemics in humans, with serious threat of lethal worldwide pandemics. The occurrence of antiviral-resistant virus strains and the emergence of highly pathogenic influenza viruses have triggered an urgent need to develop new anti-IAV treatments. One compound found to inhibit IAV, and other virus infections, is saliphenylhalamide (SaliPhe). SaliPhe targets host vacuolar-ATPase and inhibits acidification of endosomes, a process needed for productive virus infection. The major obstacle for the further development of SaliPhe as antiviral drug has been its poor solubility. Here, we investigated the possibility to increase SaliPhe solubility by loading the compound in thermally hydrocarbonized porous silicon (THCPSi) nanoparticles. SaliPhe-loaded nanoparticles were further investigated for the ability to inhibit influenza A infection in human retinal pigment epithelium and Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, and we show that upon release from THCPSi, SaliPhe inhibited IAV infection in vitro and reduced the amount of progeny virus in IAV-infected cells. Overall, the PSi-based nanosystem exhibited increased dissolution of the investigated anti-IAV drug SaliPhe and displayed excellent in vitro stability, low cytotoxicity, and remarkable reduction of viral load in the absence of organic solvents. This proof-of-principle study indicates that PSi nanoparticles could be used for efficient delivery of antivirals to infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Bimbo
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
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162
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Sharma R, Xu Y, Kim SW, Schueller MJ, Alexoff D, Smith SD, Wang W, Schlyer D. Carbon-11 radiolabeling of iron-oxide nanoparticles for dual-modality PET/MR imaging. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:7476-7483. [PMID: 23832243 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr02519e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Dual-modality imaging, using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) simultaneously, is a powerful tool to gain valuable information correlating structure with function in biomedicine. The advantage of this dual approach is that the strengths of one modality can balance the weaknesses of the other. However, success of this technique requires developing imaging probes suitable for both. Here, we report on the development of a nanoparticle labeling procedure via covalent bonding with carbon-11 PET isotope. Carbon-11 in the form of [(11)C]methyl iodide was used as a methylation agent to react with carboxylic acid (-COOH) and amine (-NH2) functional groups of ligands bound to the nanoparticles (NPs). The surface coating ligands present on superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPIO NPs) were radiolabeled to achieve dual-modality PET/MR imaging capabilities. The proof-of-concept dual-modality PET/MR imaging using the radiolabeled SPIO NPs was demonstrated in an in vivo experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Sharma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
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163
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Maier-Flaig F, Kübel C, Rinck J, Bocksrocker T, Scherer T, Prang R, Powell AK, Ozin GA, Lemmer U. looking inside a working SiLED. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:3539-45. [PMID: 23822764 DOI: 10.1021/nl400975u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate for the first time morphological and compositional changes of silicon quantum dot (SiQD) light-emitting diodes (SiLEDs) upon device operation. By means of advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis including energy filtered TEM (EFTEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, we observe drastic morphological changes and degradation for SiLEDs operated under high applied voltage ultimately leading to device failure. However, SiLEDs built from size-separated SiQDs operating under normal conditions show no morphological and compositional changes and the biexponential loss in electroluminescence seems to be correlated to chemical and physical degradation of the SiQDs. By contrast, we found that, for SiLEDs fabricated from polydisperse SiQDs, device degradation is more pronounced with three main modes of failure contributing to the reduced overall lifetime compared to those prepared from size-separated SiQDs. With this newfound knowledge, it is possible to devise ways to increase the lifetimes of SiLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Maier-Flaig
- Light Technology Institute (LTI) and DFG Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
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164
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Abstract
Porous silicon (pSi) is a nanostructured carrier system that has received considerable attention over the past 10 years, for use in a wide variety of biomedical applications, including biosensing, biomedical imaging, tissue scaffolds and drug delivery. This interest is due to several key features of pSi, including excellent in vivo biocompatibility, the ease of surface chemistry modification and the control over its 3D porous network structure. With control of these physical parameters pSi has successfully been used for the delivery of a variety of therapeutics, ranging from small-molecule drugs to larger peptide/protein-type therapeutics. In this review, the authors provide a brief overview of pSi fabrication methods, particularly with regard to the need to passivate the highly reactive Si-Hx surface species of native pSi, typically via thermal oxidation, hydrocarbonization or hydrosilylation. This surface modification, in turn, controls both the loading and release of therapeutics. The authors will then report on specific case studies of leading examples on the use of pSi as a therapeutic-delivery system. Specifically, the first reported in vivo study that demonstrated the use of pSi to improve the delivery of a Biopharmaceutical Classification System Class 2 poorly soluble drug (indomethacin), by using thermally oxidized pSi, is discussed, as well as highlighting a study that determined the biodistribution of 18F-radiolabeled thermally hydrocarbonized pSi after oral dosing. The authors also report on the development of composite pSi–poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles for the controlled delivery of protein therapeutics. Finally, the use of pSi in the delivery of bioactives, such as the successful use of thermally carbonized pSi to deliver Melanotan II, an unspecific agonist for the melanocortin receptors that are involved in controlling fluid uptake is discussed. With a growing body of literature reporting the successful use of pSi to deliver a range of therapeutics, we are entering what may be a golden age for this drug-delivery system, which may finally see the long-held promises finally achieved.
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165
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Co-delivery of a hydrophobic small molecule and a hydrophilic peptide by porous silicon nanoparticles. J Control Release 2013; 170:268-78. [PMID: 23756152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems offer remarkable opportunities for clinical treatment. However, there are several challenges when they are employed to deliver multiple cargos/payloads, particularly concerning the synchronous delivery of small molecular weight drugs and relatively larger peptides. Since porous silicon (PSi) nanoparticles (NPs) can easily contain high payloads of drugs with various properties, we evaluated their carrier potential in multi-drug delivery for co-loading of the hydrophobic drug indomethacin and the hydrophilic human peptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36). Sequential loading of these two drugs into the PSi NPs enhanced the drug release rate of each drug and also their amount permeated across Caco-2 and Caco-2/HT29 cell monolayers. Regardless of the loading approach used, dual or single, the drug permeation profiles were in good correlation with their drug release behaviour. Furthermore, the permeation studies indicated the critical role of the mucus intestinal layer and the paracellular resistance in the permeation of the therapeutic compounds across the intestinal wall. Loading with PYY3-36 also greatly improved the cytocompatibility of the PSi NPs. Conformational analysis indicated that the PYY3-36 could still display biological activity after release from the PSi NPs and permeation across the intestinal cell monolayers. These results are the first demonstration of the promising potential of PSi NPs for simultaneous multi-drug delivery of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds.
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166
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Martinez JO, Boada C, Yazdi IK, Evangelopoulous M, Brown BS, Liu X, Ferrari M, Tasciotti E. Short and long term, in vitro and in vivo correlations of cellular and tissue responses to mesoporous silicon nanovectors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:1722-1733. [PMID: 23255523 PMCID: PMC3707147 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of nanomaterials and their influence on and interactions with the biology of cells and tissues are still partially unknown. Multistage nanovectors based on mesoporous silicon have been extensively studied for drug delivery, thermal heating, and improved diagnostic imaging. Here, the short- and long-term changes occurring in human cells upon the internalization of mesoporous silicon nanovectors (MSV) are analyzed. Using qualitative and quantitative techniques as well as in vitro and in vivo biochemical, cellular, and functional assays, it is demonstrated that MSV do not cause any significant acute or chronic effects on cells and tissues. In vitro cell toxicity and viability are analyzed, as well as the maintenance of cell phase cycling and the architecture upon the internalization of MSV. In addition, it is evaluated whether MSV produce any pro-inflammatory responses and its biocompatibility in vivo is studied. The biodistribution of MSV is followed using longitudinal in vivo imaging and organ accumulation is assessed using quantitative elemental and fluorescent techniques. Finally, a thorough pathological analysis of collected tissues demonstrates a mild transient systemic response in the liver that dissipates upon the clearance of particles. It is proposed that future endeavors aimed at understanding the toxicology of naked drug carriers should be designed to address their impact using in vitro and in vivo short- and long-term evaluations of systemic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan O Martinez
- Department of Nanomedicine The Methodist Hospital Research Institute 6670 Bertner Ave. MS R7-414 Houston, TX 77030 (USA); Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX USA
| | - Christian Boada
- Department of Nanomedicine The Methodist Hospital Research Institute 6670 Bertner Ave. MS R7-414 Houston, TX 77030 (USA); Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud TEC de Monterrery Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Iman K. Yazdi
- Department of Nanomedicine The Methodist Hospital Research Institute 6670 Bertner Ave. MS R7-414 Houston, TX 77030 (USA); Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston Houston, TX USA
| | - Michael Evangelopoulous
- Department of Nanomedicine The Methodist Hospital Research Institute 6670 Bertner Ave. MS R7-414 Houston, TX 77030 (USA)
| | - Brandon S Brown
- Department of Nanomedicine The Methodist Hospital Research Institute 6670 Bertner Ave. MS R7-414 Houston, TX 77030 (USA); Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX USA
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine The Methodist Hospital Research Institute 6670 Bertner Ave. MS R7-414 Houston, TX 77030 (USA)
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine The Methodist Hospital Research Institute 6670 Bertner Ave. MS R7-414 Houston, TX 77030 (USA)
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167
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Secret E, Smith K, Dubljevic V, Moore E, Macardle P, Delalat B, Rogers ML, Johns TG, Durand JO, Cunin F, Voelcker NH. Antibody-functionalized porous silicon nanoparticles for vectorization of hydrophobic drugs. Adv Healthc Mater 2013. [PMID: 23203914 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We describe the preparation of biodegradable porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNP) functionalized with cancer cell targeting antibodies and loaded with the hydrophobic anti-cancer drug camptothecin. Orientated immobilization of the antibody on the pSiNP is achieved using novel semicarbazide based bioconjugate chemistry. To demonstrate the generality of this targeting approach, the three antibodies MLR2, mAb528 and Rituximab are used, which target neuroblastoma, glioblastoma and B lymphoma cells, respectively. Successful targeting is demonstrated by means of flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry both with cell lines and primary cells. Cell viability assays after incubation with pSiNPs show selective killing of cells expressing the receptor corresponding to the antibody attached on the pSiNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Secret
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM2-UM1, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, France
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168
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Wu CC, Sailor MJ. Selective functionalization of the internal and the external surfaces of mesoporous silicon by liquid masking. ACS NANO 2013; 7:3158-3167. [PMID: 23451853 DOI: 10.1021/nn305574e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A general approach for selective, differential functionalization of the interior and exterior surfaces of mesoporous Si is reported. The method employs two immiscible liquids, one inert and the other chemically reactive with the porous Si nanostructure. First, a porous Si sample is prepared by electrochemical etch and then it is mildly oxidized, which places a thin layer of silicon oxide at the surface. The inner pore walls of the partially oxidized porous Si film are then infiltrated with an inert liquid (octane). The sample is then immersed in aqueous solution containing hydrogen fluoride (HF), which serves as the reactive liquid. The hydrophobic phase is retained in the interior of the porous nanostructure, and HF(aq) attacks only the exposed surfaces of the oxidized porous Si sample, generating a hydrophobic, hydrogen-terminated (Si-H) outer layer. The reaction is self-limiting due to the immiscibility of octane and water, and the extent of penetration of the Si-H surface into the porous layer is dependent on the time of exposure to HF(aq). The Si-H surface can then be modified by thermal hydrosilylation (1-dodecene or 10-bromo-1-decene) in a subsequent step, resulting in a bifunctional porous Si film containing hydrophobic pore entrances to hydrophilic inner pores. The hydrophobic dodecyl species at the mouths of the pores is found to form a barrier for molecular transport; it decreases the rate of leaching (into water) of a rhodamine test molecule that is preloaded into the sample by >8 fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Wu
- Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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169
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Abstract
The dramatic increase in the use of nanoparticles (NP) in industry and research has raised questions about the potential toxicity of such materials. Unfortunately, not enough is known about how the novel, technologically-attractive properties of NPs correlate with the interactions that may take place at the nano/bio interface. The academic, industrial, and regulatory communities are actively seeking answers to the growing concerns on the impact of nanotechnology on humans. In this Account we adopt quantum dots (QDs) as an illustrative example of the difficulties associated with the development of a rational science-based approach to nanotoxicology. The optical properties of QDs are far superior to those of organic dyes in terms of emission and absorption bandwidths, quantum yield, and resistance to photobleaching. Moreover, QDs may be decorated with targeting moieties or drugs and, therefore, are candidates for site-specific medical imaging and for drug delivery, for example in cancer treatment. Earlier this year researchers demonstrated that QD-based imaging using monkeys caused no adverse effects although QDs accumulated in lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver, and spleen for up to 3 months after injection. Such persistence of QDs in live animals does, however, raise concerns about the safety of using QDs both in the laboratory and in the clinic. Researchers anticipate that QDs will be increasingly used not only in clinical applications but also in various manufactured products. For example, QD-solar cells have emerged as viable contenders to complement or replace dye-sensitized solar cells; CdTe/CdS thin film cells have already captured approximately 10 percent of the global market, and in addition, QDs can serve as components of sensors and as emitting materials in LEDs. Given the clear indications that QDs will inevitably become components of a wide range of manufactured and consumer products, researchers and policy makers need to understand the possible health risks associated with exposure to QDs. In this Account, we initially review the known mechanisms by which QDs can damage cells, including oxidative stress elicited by reactive oxygen species (ROS). We discuss lesser-known impairments induced in cells by nanomolar to picomolar concentrations of QDs, which imply that cadmium-containing QDs can exert genotoxic, epigenetic, and metalloestrogenic effects. These observations strongly suggest that minute concentrations of QDs could be sufficient to cause long lasting, even transgenerational, effects. We also consider various modes by which humans could be exposed to QDs in their work or through the environment. Although considerable advances have been made in enhancing the stability and overall quality of QDs, over time they can partially degrade in the environment or in biological systems, and eventually cause small, but cumulative undesirable effects. A combination of toxicological, genetic, epigenetic and imaging approaches is required to create comprehensive guidelines for evaluating the nanotoxicity of nanomaterials, including QDs. Prior to biological investigations with these materials, an indispensible step must be the full characterization of NPs by complementary techniques. Specifically, the concentration, size, charge, and ligand stability of NPs in biological media must be known if we are to understand fully how the properties of nanoparticles and of their biological environment contribute to cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise M. Winnik
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, CP 6128 Succursale Centre Ville, Montreal QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
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170
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Wang H, Jiang W, Yuan L, Wang L, Chen H. Reductase-like activity of silicon nanowire arrays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:1800-1805. [PMID: 23388083 DOI: 10.1021/am3031322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazol)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) reduction method is widely used for measuring cell viability and proliferation. However, when MTT was used to study cells on silicon nanowire arrays (SiNWAs), the measured viability was much higher than normal values, resulting in a misleading estimate of cell viability. Our results demonstrated that the apparent high viability of cells is due to the fact that the SiNWAs itself was capable of reducing MTT in the absence of cells. In the presence of coenzyme, its reducing capacity was enhanced, thus showing the reductase-like function of SiNWAs. Furthermore, the chemical composition and nanostructure of Si surface had a strong influence on MTT reduction with the HF-treated SiNWAs (H-SiNWAs) showing significant reducing capacity. For example, the reduction capacity of H-SiNWAs samples was significantly higher than that of HF-treated planar silicon, whereas Piranha-treated SiNWAs and planar silicon did not reduce MTT. H-SiNWAs were also used for the reduction of azo dyes and showed a decolorization rate of more than 65% and as high as 90%. These findings suggest the potential use of SiNWAs as enzyme-mimics in biotechnology and environmental chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
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171
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Sapsford KE, Algar WR, Berti L, Gemmill KB, Casey BJ, Oh E, Stewart MH, Medintz IL. Functionalizing nanoparticles with biological molecules: developing chemistries that facilitate nanotechnology. Chem Rev 2013; 113:1904-2074. [PMID: 23432378 DOI: 10.1021/cr300143v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 824] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim E Sapsford
- Division of Biology, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
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172
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Gupta B, Zhu Y, Guan B, Reece PJ, Gooding JJ. Functionalised porous silicon as a biosensor: emphasis on monitoring cells in vivo and in vitro. Analyst 2013; 138:3593-615. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00081h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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173
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Pace S, Sciacca B, Geobaldo F. Surface modification of porous silicon microparticles by sonochemistry. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42830c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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174
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Xia B, Zhang W, Shi J, Xiao S. Fluorescence quenching in luminescent porous silicon nanoparticles for the detection of intracellular Cu2+. Analyst 2013; 138:3629-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00503h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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175
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Seventy-two-hour release formulation of the poorly soluble drug silybin based on porous silica nanoparticles: In vitro release kinetics and in vitro/in vivo correlations in beagle dogs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 48:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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176
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Kovalainen M, Mönkäre J, Kaasalainen M, Riikonen J, Lehto VP, Salonen J, Herzig KH, Järvinen K. Development of Porous Silicon Nanocarriers for Parenteral Peptide Delivery. Mol Pharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300494p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miia Kovalainen
- School of Pharmacy,
Pharmaceutical
Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Mönkäre
- School of Pharmacy,
Pharmaceutical
Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Martti Kaasalainen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Joakim Riikonen
- Department of Applied Physics,
Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Department of Applied Physics,
Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarno Salonen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine & Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Department
of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristiina Järvinen
- School of Pharmacy,
Pharmaceutical
Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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177
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Jaganathan H, Godin B. Biocompatibility assessment of Si-based nano- and micro-particles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1800-19. [PMID: 22634160 PMCID: PMC3465530 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Silicon is one of the most abundant chemical elements found on the Earth. Due to its unique chemical and physical properties, silicon based materials and their oxides (e.g. silica) have been used in several industries such as building and construction, electronics, food industry, consumer products and biomedical engineering/medicine. This review summarizes studies on effects of silicon and silica nano- and micro-particles on cells and organs following four main exposure routes, namely, intravenous, pulmonary, dermal and oral. Further, possible genotoxic effects of silica based nanoparticles are discussed. The review concludes with an outlook on improving and standardizing biocompatibility assessment for nano- and micro-particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamsa Jaganathan
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Biana Godin
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX
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178
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Xu W, Riikonen J, Lehto VP. Mesoporous systems for poorly soluble drugs. Int J Pharm 2012; 453:181-97. [PMID: 22990124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of inorganic mesoporous materials in formulations of poorly water-soluble drugs to enhance their dissolution and permeation behavior is a rapidly growing area in pharmaceutical materials research. The benefits of mesoporous materials in drug delivery applications stem from their large surface area and pore volume. These properties enable the materials to accommodate large amounts of payload molecules, protect them from premature degradation, and promote controlled and fast release. As carriers with various morphologies and chemical surface properties can be produced, these materials may even promote adsorption from the gastrointestinal tract to the systemic circulation. The main concern regarding their clinical applications is still the safety aspect even though most of them have been reported to be safely excreted, and a rather extensive toxicity screening has already been conducted with the most frequently studied mesoporous materials. In addition, the production of the materials on a large scale and at a reasonable cost may be a challenge when considering the utilization of the materials in industrial processes. However, if mesoporous materials could be employed in the industrial crystallization processes to produce hybrid materials with poorly soluble compounds, and hence to enhance their oral bioavailability, this might open new avenues for the pharmaceutical industry to employ nanotechnology in their processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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179
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Santos HA, Hirvonen J. Nanostructured porous silicon materials: potential candidates for improving drug delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:1281-4. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hélder A Santos
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Helsinki, FI-0014, Finland
| | - Jouni Hirvonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Helsinki, FI-0014, Finland
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180
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Xu Z, Wang D, Guan M, Liu X, Yang Y, Wei D, Zhao C, Zhang H. Photoluminescent silicon nanocrystal-based multifunctional carrier for pH-regulated drug delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:3424-3431. [PMID: 22758606 DOI: 10.1021/am300877v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A core-shell structured multifunctional carrier with nanocrystalline silicon (ncSi) as the core and a water-soluble block copolymer as the shell based on a poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) inner shell and polyethylene glycol (MPEG) outer shell (ncSi-MPM) was synthesized for drug delivery. The morphology, composition, and properties of the resulting ncSi-MPM were determined by comprehensive multianalytical characterization, including (1)H NMR spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, XPS spectroscopy, TEM, DLS, and fluorescence spectroscopy analyses. The size of the resulting ncSi-MPM nanocarriers ranged from 40 to 110 nm under a simulated physiological environment. The loading efficiency of model drug doxorubicin (DOX) was approximately 6.1-7.4 wt % for ncSi-MPM and the drug release was pH controlled. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that DOX-loaded ncSi-MPM showed high anticancer activity against Hela cells. Hemolysis percentages (<2%) of ncSi-MPM were within the scope of safe values. Fluorescent imaging studies showed that the nanocarriers could be used as a tracker at the cellular level. Integration of the above functional components may result in ncSi-MPM becoming a promising multifunctional carrier for drug delivery and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, §School of Basic Medical Science, ⊥School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, China
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181
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Hon NK, Shaposhnik Z, Diebold ED, Tamanoi F, Jalali B. Tailoring the biodegradability of porous silicon nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:3416-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nick K. Hon
- Electrical Engineering Department, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095‐1489
| | - Zory Shaposhnik
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095‐1489
| | - Eric D. Diebold
- Electrical Engineering Department, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095‐1489
| | - Fuyuhiko Tamanoi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095‐1489
| | - Bahram Jalali
- Electrical Engineering Department, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095‐1489
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095‐1489
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182
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Oral bioavailability of silymarin formulated as a novel 3-day delivery system based on porous silica nanoparticles. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:2104-12. [PMID: 22343518 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop porous silica nanoparticles (PSNs) as a carrier to improve oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs, using silymarin as a model. PSNs were synthesized by reverse microemulsion and ultrasonic corrosion methods. A 3-day release formulation consisting of a silymarin solid dispersion, a hydrophilic gel matrix and silymarin-loaded PSNs was prepared. In vitro release studies indicated that both the silymarin-loaded PSNs and the 3-day release formulation showed a typical sustained-release pattern over a long period, about 72 h. The in vivo studies revealed that the 3-day release formulation gave a significantly higher plasma concentration and larger area under the concentration-time curves than commercial tablets when orally administered to beagle dogs. This implies that the prepared 3-day release formulation significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of silymarin, suggesting that PSNs can be used as promising drug carriers for oral sustained release systems. Thus providing a technically feasible approach for improving the oral bioavailability and long-term efficacy of poorly soluble drugs.
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183
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Kaasalainen M, Mäkilä E, Riikonen J, Kovalainen M, Järvinen K, Herzig KH, Lehto VP, Salonen J. Effect of isotonic solutions and peptide adsorption on zeta potential of porous silicon nanoparticle drug delivery formulations. Int J Pharm 2012; 431:230-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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184
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Native and Complexed IGF-1: Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetics in Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2012; 2012:626417. [PMID: 22778966 PMCID: PMC3384888 DOI: 10.1155/2012/626417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder of childhood characterized by selective death of cortical neurons. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is important in embryonic development and is considered as a potential therapeutic agent for several disorders of peripheral and central nervous systems. In circulation IGF-1 is mainly bound to its carrier protein IGFBP-3. As a therapeutic agent IGF-1 has shown to be more active as free than complexed form. However, this may cause side effects during the prolonged treatment. In addition to IGFBP-3 the bioavailability of IGF-1 can be modulated by using mesoporous silicon nanoparticles (NPs) which are optimal carriers for sustained release of unstable peptide hormones like IGF-1. In this study we compared biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and bioavailability of radiolabeled free IGF-1, IGF-1/IGFBP-3, and IGF-1/NP complexes in a Cln1-/- knockout mouse model. IGF-1/NP was mainly accumulated in liver and spleen in all studied time points, whereas minor and more constant amounts were measured in other organs compared to free IGF-1 or IGF-1/IGFBP-3. Also concentration of IGF-1/NP in blood was relatively high and stable during studied time points suggesting continuous release of IGF-1 from the particles.
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185
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Bimbo LM, Sarparanta M, Mäkilä E, Laaksonen T, Laaksonen P, Salonen J, Linder MB, Hirvonen J, Airaksinen AJ, Santos HA. Cellular interactions of surface modified nanoporous silicon particles. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:3184-3192. [PMID: 22508528 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30397c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the self-assembly of hydrophobin class II (HFBII) on the surface of thermally hydrocarbonized porous silicon (THCPSi) nanoparticles was investigated. The HFBII-coating converted the hydrophobic particles into more hydrophilic ones, improved the particles' cell viability in both HT-29 and Caco-2 cell lines compared to uncoated particles, and enhanced the particles' cellular association. The amount of HFBII adsorbed onto the particles was also successfully quantified by both the BCA assay and a HPLC method. Importantly, the permeation of a poorly water-soluble drug, indomethacin, loaded into THCPSi particles across Caco-2 monolayers was not affected by the protein coating. In addition, (125)I-radiolabelled HFBII did not extensively permeate the Caco-2 monolayer and was found to be stably adsorbed onto the THCPSi nanoparticles incubated in pH 7.4, which renders the particles the possibility for further track-imaging applications. The results highlight the potential of HFBII coating for improving wettability, increasing biocompatibility and possible intestinal association of PSi nanoparticulates for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Bimbo
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
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186
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Liu Y, Welch MJ. Nanoparticles labeled with positron emitting nuclides: advantages, methods, and applications. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:671-82. [PMID: 22242601 PMCID: PMC3329595 DOI: 10.1021/bc200264c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, positron emitter labeled nanoparticles have been widely used in and substantially improved for a range of diagnostic biomedical research. However, given growing interest in personalized medicine and translational research, a major challenge in the field will be to develop disease-specific nanoprobes with facile and robust radiolabeling strategies and that provide imaging stability, enhanced sensitivity for disease early stage detection, optimized in vivo pharmacokinetics for reduced nonspecific organ uptake, and improved targeting for elevated efficacy. This review briefly summarizes the major applications of nanoparticles labeled with positron emitters for cardiovascular imaging, lung diagnosis, and tumor theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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187
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Sarparanta MP, Bimbo LM, Mäkilä EM, Salonen JJ, Laaksonen PH, Helariutta AK, Linder MB, Hirvonen JT, Laaksonen TJ, Santos HA, Airaksinen AJ. The mucoadhesive and gastroretentive properties of hydrophobin-coated porous silicon nanoparticle oral drug delivery systems. Biomaterials 2012; 33:3353-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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188
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Shi J, Karlsson HL, Johansson K, Gogvadze V, Xiao L, Li J, Burks T, Garcia-Bennett A, Uheida A, Muhammed M, Mathur S, Morgenstern R, Kagan VE, Fadeel B. Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 protects against toxicity induced by silica nanoparticles but not by zinc oxide nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2012; 6:1925-38. [PMID: 22303956 PMCID: PMC3314313 DOI: 10.1021/nn2021056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 (MGST1) is an antioxidant enzyme located predominantly in the mitochondrial outer membrane and endoplasmic reticulum and has been shown to protect cells from lipid peroxidation induced by a variety of cytostatic drugs and pro-oxidant stimuli. We hypothesized that MGST1 may also protect against nanomaterial-induced cytotoxicity through a specific effect on lipid peroxidation. We evaluated the induction of cytotoxicity and oxidative stress by TiO(2), CeO(2), SiO(2), and ZnO in the human MCF-7 cell line with or without overexpression of MGST1. SiO(2) and ZnO nanoparticles caused dose- and time-dependent toxicity, whereas no obvious cytotoxic effects were induced by nanoparticles of TiO(2) and CeO(2). We also noted pronounced cytotoxicity for three out of four additional SiO(2) nanoparticles tested. Overexpression of MGST1 reversed the cytotoxicity of the main SiO(2) nanoparticles tested and for one of the supplementary SiO(2) nanoparticles but did not protect cells against ZnO-induced cytotoxic effects. The data point toward a role of lipid peroxidation in SiO(2) nanoparticle-induced cell death. For ZnO nanoparticles, rapid dissolution was observed, and the subsequent interaction of Zn(2+) with cellular targets is likely to contribute to the cytotoxic effects. A direct inhibition of MGST1 by Zn(2+) could provide a possible explanation for the lack of protection against ZnO nanoparticles in this model. Our data also showed that SiO(2) nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity is mitigated in the presence of serum, potentially through masking of reactive surface groups by serum proteins, whereas ZnO nanoparticles were cytotoxic both in the presence and in the absence of serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Shi
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna L. Karlsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Johansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Gogvadze
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisong Xiao
- Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jiangtian Li
- Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Terrance Burks
- Functional Materials Microelectronics and Applied Physics, School of Information and Communication Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, 16440 Kista, Sweden
| | - Alfonso Garcia-Bennett
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Abdusalam Uheida
- Functional Materials Microelectronics and Applied Physics, School of Information and Communication Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, 16440 Kista, Sweden
| | - Mamoun Muhammed
- Functional Materials Microelectronics and Applied Physics, School of Information and Communication Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, 16440 Kista, Sweden
| | - Sanjay Mathur
- Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ralf Morgenstern
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Address correspondence to
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189
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Vale N, Mäkilä E, Salonen J, Gomes P, Hirvonen J, Santos HA. New times, new trends for ethionamide: In vitro evaluation of drug-loaded thermally carbonized porous silicon microparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 81:314-23. [PMID: 22418076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become a worldwide problem and a major public health concern. The mechanisms of resistance are fairly well characterized for most agents, but MDR limits the therapeutic usefulness of both new and classical medicines against TB. Ethionamide (ETA) is a thioamide antibiotic and one of the most widely used drugs as second line agent for the treatment of MDR-TB. Over the years, some studies have emerged to improve the bioavailability of this drug and of its active metabolites. However, inactive metabolites of ETA are still a major drawback in its application against TB. Porous silicon (PSi) materials can be applied to improve the dissolution behavior of poorly water-soluble compounds and to overcome toxicity and other drug-related problems in oral delivery. In the present work, we have loaded ETA into thermally carbonized-PSi (TCPSi) microparticles and studied the solubility, toxicity, permeability, and metabolic profiles of the PSi-loaded drug. The solubility and permeability of ETA was clearly enhanced after loaded into TCPSi particles at different pH-values. ETA was in general toxic at concentrations above 0.50mM to HepG2, Caco-2, and RAW macrophage cells, but the toxicity was drastically reduced when the drug was loaded into the microparticles. ETA showed a fast metabolization process in the presence of the TCPSi particles. In addition, new thiolated metabolites were identified from incubation of ETA-loaded PSi with HepG2 liver cells, which opens new perspectives toward both the understanding of ETA metabolism and the development of novel ETA-based systems with improved efficacy against MDR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Vale
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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190
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Sarparanta M, Bimbo LM, Rytkönen J, Mäkilä E, Laaksonen TJ, Laaksonen P, Nyman M, Salonen J, Linder MB, Hirvonen J, Santos HA, Airaksinen AJ. Intravenous Delivery of Hydrophobin-Functionalized Porous Silicon Nanoparticles: Stability, Plasma Protein Adsorption and Biodistribution. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:654-63. [DOI: 10.1021/mp200611d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jussi Rytkönen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ermei Mäkilä
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics,
Department of Physics and Astronomy, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland
| | | | - Päivi Laaksonen
- Nanobiomaterials, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, FI-02044
VTT, Finland
| | | | - Jarno Salonen
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics,
Department of Physics and Astronomy, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland
| | - Markus B. Linder
- Nanobiomaterials, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, FI-02044
VTT, Finland
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191
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Kotkovskiy GE, Kuzishchin YA, Martynov IL, Chistyakov AA, Nabiev I. The photophysics of porous silicon: technological and biomedical implications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:13890-902. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42019h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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192
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Ohta S, Shen P, Inasawa S, Yamaguchi Y. Size- and surface chemistry-dependent intracellular localization of luminescent silicon quantum dot aggregates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31112g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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193
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van de Ven AL, Mack A, Dunner K, Ferrari M, Serda R. Preparation, characterization, and cellular associations of silicon logic-embedded vectors. Methods Enzymol 2012; 508:1-16. [PMID: 22449918 PMCID: PMC3763508 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-391860-4.00001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Logic-embedded vectors (LEVs) have been introduced as a means to overcome sequential, biological barriers that prevent particle-based drug delivery systems from reaching their targets. In this chapter, we address the challenge of fabricating and optimizing LEVs to reach non-endosomal targets. We describe the general preparation, characterization, and cellular association of porous silicon-based LEVs. A specific example of LEV fabrication from start to finish, along with optimization and troubleshooting information, is presented to serve as a template for future designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L. van de Ven
- Department of Nanomedicine, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Aaron Mack
- Department of Nanomedicine, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Kenneth Dunner
- High Resolution Microscopy Imaging Facility, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- President and CEO, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Rita Serda
- Department of Nanomedicine, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030
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194
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Tahvanainen M, Rotko T, Mäkilä E, A. Santos H, Neves D, Laaksonen T, Kallonen A, Hämäläinen K, Peura M, Serimaa R, Salonen J, Hirvonen J, Peltonen L. Tablet preformulations of indomethacin-loaded mesoporous silicon microparticles. Int J Pharm 2012; 422:125-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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195
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Pastor E, Matveeva E, Valle-Gallego A, Goycoolea FM, Garcia-Fuentes M. Protein delivery based on uncoated and chitosan-coated mesoporous silicon microparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 88:601-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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196
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Bimbo LM, Mäkilä E, Raula J, Laaksonen T, Laaksonen P, Strommer K, Kauppinen EI, Salonen J, Linder MB, Hirvonen J, Santos HA. Functional hydrophobin-coating of thermally hydrocarbonized porous silicon microparticles. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9089-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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197
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Mesoporous Silicon (PSi) for Sustained Peptide Delivery: Effect of PSi Microparticle Surface Chemistry on Peptide YY3-36 Release. Pharm Res 2011; 29:837-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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198
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Sarparanta M, Mäkilä E, Heikkilä T, Salonen J, Kukk E, Lehto VP, Santos HA, Hirvonen J, Airaksinen AJ. 18F-Labeled Modified Porous Silicon Particles for Investigation of Drug Delivery Carrier Distribution in Vivo with Positron Emission Tomography. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1799-806. [DOI: 10.1021/mp2001654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirkka Sarparanta
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ermei Mäkilä
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Heikkilä
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland
| | - Jarno Salonen
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland
| | - Edwin Kukk
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hélder A. Santos
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni Hirvonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu J. Airaksinen
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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199
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Henderson EJ, Shuhendler AJ, Prasad P, Baumann V, Maier-Flaig F, Faulkner DO, Lemmer U, Wu XY, Ozin GA. Colloidally stable silicon nanocrystals with near-infrared photoluminescence for biological fluorescence imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:2507-16. [PMID: 21739601 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent silicon nanocrystals (ncSi) are showing great promise as photoluminescent tags for biological fluorescence imaging, with size-dependent emission that can be tuned into the near-infrared biological window and reported lack of toxicity. Here, colloidally stable ncSi with NIR photoluminescence are synthesized from (HSiO1.5)n sol-gel glasses and are used in biological fluorescence imaging. Modifications to the thermal processing conditions of (HSiO1.5)n sol-gel glasses, the development of new ncSi oxide liberation chemistry, and an appropriate alkyl surface passivation scheme lead to the formation of colloidally stable ncSi with photoluminescence centered at 955 nm. Water solubility and biocompatibility are achieved through encapsulation of the hydrophobic alkyl-capped ncSi within PEG-terminated solid lipid nanoparticles. Their applicability to biological imaging is demonstrated with the in-vitro fluorescence labelling of human breast tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6
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200
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Shen P, Ohta S, Inasawa S, Yamaguchi Y. Selective labeling of the endoplasmic reticulum in live cells with silicon quantum dots. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8409-11. [PMID: 21698318 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12713f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and novel approach was developed to obtain water-dispersible silicon quantum dots (Si-QDs) of low toxicity that were able to selectively label the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in live cells. A block copolymer (Pluronic F127) was used to coat the surface of Si-QDs. Si-QDs form aggregates with diameters of 20-40 nm and show an outstanding optical stability upon UV irradiation. Our F127-treated Si-QDs would be a powerful tool for long-term real-time observation of the ER in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shen
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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