151
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Kerpal C, Richert S, Storey JG, Pillai S, Liddell PA, Gust D, Mackenzie SR, Hore PJ, Timmel CR. Chemical compass behaviour at microtesla magnetic fields strengthens the radical pair hypothesis of avian magnetoreception. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3707. [PMID: 31420558 PMCID: PMC6697675 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11655-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The fact that many animals, including migratory birds, use the Earth's magnetic field for orientation and compass-navigation is fascinating and puzzling in equal measure. The physical origin of these phenomena has not yet been fully understood, but arguably the most likely hypothesis is based on the radical pair mechanism (RPM). Whilst the theoretical framework of the RPM is well-established, most experimental investigations have been conducted at fields several orders of magnitude stronger than the Earth's. Here we use transient absorption spectroscopy to demonstrate a pronounced orientation-dependence of the magnetic field response of a molecular triad system in the field region relevant to avian magnetoreception. The chemical compass response exhibits the properties of an inclination compass as found in migratory birds. The results underline the feasibility of a radical pair based avian compass and also provide further guidelines for the design and operation of exploitable chemical compass systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kerpal
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance (CÆSR), Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Sabine Richert
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance (CÆSR), Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Jonathan G Storey
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance (CÆSR), Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Smitha Pillai
- School of Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Paul A Liddell
- School of Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Devens Gust
- School of Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Stuart R Mackenzie
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - P J Hore
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Christiane R Timmel
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance (CÆSR), Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
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152
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Shikata T, Takahashi F, Nishide H, Shigenobu S, Kamei Y, Sakamoto S, Yuasa K, Nishiyama Y, Yamasaki Y, Uchiyama I. RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Genes Related to Photoreception, Nutrient Uptake, and Toxicity in a Noxious Red-Tide Raphidophyte Chattonella antiqua. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1764. [PMID: 31417538 PMCID: PMC6685483 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture industries are under threat from noxious red tides, but harm can be mitigated by precautions such as early harvesting and restricting fish feeding to just before the outbreak of a red tide. Therefore, accurate techniques for forecasting red-tide outbreaks are strongly needed. Omics analyses have the potential to expand our understanding of the eco-physiology of these organisms at the molecular level, and to facilitate identification of molecular markers for forecasting their population dynamics and occurrence of damages to fisheries. Red tides of marine raphidophytes, especially Chattonella species, often extensively harm aquaculture industries in regions with a temperate climate around the world. A red tide of Chattonella tends to develop just after an input of nutrients along the coast. Chattonella displays diurnal vertical migration regulated by a weak blue light, so it photosynthesizes in the surface layer during the daytime and takes up nutrients in the bottom layer during the nighttime. Superoxide produced by Chattonella cells is a strong candidate for the cause of its toxicity to bacteria and fishes. Here we conducted mRNA-seq of Chattonella antiqua to identify genes with functions closely related to the dynamics of the noxious red tide, such as photosynthesis, photoreception, nutrient uptake, and superoxide production. The genes related to photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis and nutrient uptake had high similarity with those of model organisms of plants and algae and other red-tide microalgae. We identified orthologous genes of photoreceptors such as aureochrome (newly five genes), the cryptochrome/photolyase (CRY/PHR) family (6-4PHR, plant CRY or cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer [CPD] Class III, CPD Class II, and CRY-DASH), and phytochrome (four genes), which regulate various physiological processes such as flagellar motion and cell cycle in model organisms. Six orthologous genes of NADPH oxidase, which produces superoxide on the cell membrane, were found and divided into two types: one with 5-6 transmembrane domains and another with 11 transmembrane domains. The present study should open the way for analyzing the eco-physiological features of marine raphidophytes at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Shikata
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Hatsukaiti, Japan
| | - Fumio Takahashi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Nishide
- Laboratory of Genome Informatics, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Setsuko Sakamoto
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Hatsukaiti, Japan
| | - Kouki Yuasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nishiyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Environmental Biology, Department of Applied Aquabiology, National Fisheries University, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Ikuo Uchiyama
- Laboratory of Genome Informatics, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
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153
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Su D, Kabir MP, Orozco-Gonzalez Y, Gozem S, Gadda G. Fluorescence Properties of Flavin Semiquinone Radicals in Nitronate Monooxygenase. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1646-1652. [PMID: 30748074 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent cofactors like flavins can be exploited to probe their local environment with spatial and temporal resolution. Although the fluorescence properties of the oxidized and two-electron-reduced states of flavins have been studied extensively, this is not the case for the one-electron-reduced state. Both the neutral and anionic semiquinones have proven particularly challenging to examine, as they are unstable in solution and are transient, short-lived species in many catalytic cycles. Here, we report that the nitronate monooxygenase (NMO) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 is capable of stabilizing both semiquinone forms anaerobically for hours, thus enabling us to study their spectroscopy in a constant protein environment. We found that in the active site of NMO, the anionic semiquinone exhibits no fluorescence, whereas the neutral semiquinone radical shows a relatively strong fluorescence, with a behavior that violates the Kasha-Vavilov rule. These fluorescence properties are discussed in the context of time-dependent density functional theory calculations, which reveal low-lying dark states in both systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Su
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St. SE, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Mohammad Pabel Kabir
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St. SE, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Yoelvis Orozco-Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St. SE, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Samer Gozem
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St. SE, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Giovanni Gadda
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St. SE, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA.,Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmond Ave., Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.,Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5090, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
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154
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He G, Liu J, Dong H, Sun J. The Blue-Light Receptor CRY1 Interacts with BZR1 and BIN2 to Modulate the Phosphorylation and Nuclear Function of BZR1 in Repressing BR Signaling in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:689-703. [PMID: 30763615 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The blue-light receptor cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) primarily mediates blue-light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. We report here that CRY1 inhibits hypocotyl elongation by repressing brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. A genetic interaction assay reveals the negative regulatory effect of CRY1 on the function of BZR1, a core transcription factor in the BR signaling pathway. We demonstrated that CRY1 interacts with the DNA-binding domain of BZR1 to interfere with the DNA-binding ability of BZR1, and represses its transcriptional activity. Furthermore, we found that CRY1 promotes the phosphorylation of BZR1 and inhibits the nuclear accumulation of BZR1. Interestingly, we discovered that CRY1 interacts with the GSK3-like kinase BIN2 and enhances the interaction of BIN2 and BZR1 in a light-dependent manner. Our findings revealed that CRY1 negatively regulates the function of BZR1 through at least two mechanisms: interfering with the DNA-binding ability of BZR1 and promoting the phosphorylation of BZR1. Therefore, we uncover a novel CRY1-BIN2-BZR1 regulatory module that mediates crosstalk between blue light and BR signaling to coordinate plant growth in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua He
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huixue Dong
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiaqiang Sun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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155
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Sakaguchi J, Matsushita T, Watanabe Y. DWARF4 accumulation in root tips is enhanced via blue light perception by cryptochromes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1615-1629. [PMID: 30620085 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroid (BR) signalling is known to be coordinated with light signalling in above ground tissue. Many studies focusing on the shade avoidance response in above ground tissue or hypocotyl elongation in darkness have revealed the contribution of the BR signalling pathway to these processes. We previously analysed the expression of DWARF 4 (DWF4), a key BR biosynthesis enzyme, and revealed that light perception in above ground tissues triggered DWF4 accumulation in root tips. To determine the required wavelength of light and photoreceptors responsible for this regulation, we studied DWF4-GUS marker plants grown in several monochromatic light conditions. We revealed that monochromatic blue LED light could induce DWF4 accumulation in primary root tips and root growth as much as white light, whereas monochromatic red LED could not. Consistent with this, a cryptochrome1/2 double mutant showed retarded root growth under white light whereas a phytochromeA/B double mutant did not. Taken together, our data strongly indicated that blue light signalling was important for DWF4 accumulation in root tips and root growth. Furthermore, DWF4 accumulation patterns in primary root tips were not altered by auxin or sugar treatment. Therefore, we hypothesize that blue light signalling from the shoot tissue is different from auxin and sugar signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sakaguchi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | | | - Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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156
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Garza ZCF, Born M, Hilbers PAJ, van Riel NAW, Liebmann J. Visible Blue Light Therapy: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Curr Med Chem 2019; 25:5564-5577. [PMID: 28748760 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170727112206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visible light is absorbed by photoacceptors in pigmented and non-pigmented mammalian cells, activating signaling cascades and downstream mechanisms that lead to the modulation of cellular processes. Most studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications of UV and the red to near infrared regions of the visible spectrum. Considerably less effort has been dedicated to the blue, UV-free part of the spectrum. OBJECTIVE In this review, we discuss the current advances in the understanding of the molecular photoacceptors, signaling mechanisms, and corresponding therapeutic opportunities of blue light photoreception in non-visual mammalian cells in the context of inflammatory skin conditions. METHODS The literature was scanned for peer-reviewed articles focusing on the molecular mechanisms, cellular effects, and therapeutic applications of blue light. RESULTS At a molecular level, blue light is absorbed by flavins, porphyrins, nitrosated proteins, and opsins; inducing the generation of ROS, nitric oxide release, and the activation of G protein coupled signaling. Limited and contrasting results have been reported on the cellular effects of blue light induced signaling. Some investigations describe a regulation of proliferation and differentiation or a modulation of inflammatory parameters; others show growth inhibition and apoptosis. Regardless of the elusive underlying mechanism, clinical studies show that blue light is beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions. CONCLUSION To strengthen the use of blue light for therapeutic purposes, further in depth studies are clearly needed with regard to its underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms, and their translation into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z C Félix Garza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - M Born
- Philips GmbH, Innovative Technologies, Aachen, Germany
| | - P A J Hilbers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - N A W van Riel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - J Liebmann
- Philips GmbH, Innovative Technologies, Aachen, Germany
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157
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Luccioni L, Krzymuski M, Sánchez-Lamas M, Karayekov E, Cerdán PD, Casal JJ. CONSTANS delays Arabidopsis flowering under short days. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:923-932. [PMID: 30468542 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Long days (LD) promote flowering of Arabidopsis thaliana compared with short days (SD) by activating the photoperiodic pathway. Here we show that growth under very-SD (3 h) or darkness (on sucrose) also accelerates flowering on a biological scale, indicating that SD actively repress flowering compared with very-SD. CONSTANS (CO) repressed flowering under SD, and the early flowering of co under SD required FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). FT was expressed at a basal level in the leaves under SD, but these levels were not enhanced in co. This indicates that the action of CO in A. thaliana is not the mirror image of the action of its homologue in rice. In the apex, CO enhanced the expression of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) around the time when FT expression is important to promote flowering. Under SD, the tfl1 mutation was epistatic to co and in turn ft was epistatic to tfl1. These observations are consistent with the long-standing but not demonstrated model where CO can inhibit FT induction of flowering by affecting TFL1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Luccioni
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. San Martín 4453, 1417, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Krzymuski
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. San Martín 4453, 1417, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Elizabeth Karayekov
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. San Martín 4453, 1417, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo D Cerdán
- IIBBA-CONICET, Fundación Instituto Leloir, C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge J Casal
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. San Martín 4453, 1417, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IIBBA-CONICET, Fundación Instituto Leloir, C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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158
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Xu L, Wen B, Shao W, Yao P, Zheng W, Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Zhu G. Impacts of Cys392, Asp393, and ATP on the FAD Binding, Photoreduction, and the Stability of the Radical State of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Cryptochrome. Chembiochem 2019; 20:940-948. [PMID: 30548754 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant cryptochromes (CRYs) are blue-light receptors that regulate light-dependent growth, development, and circadian rhythms. A flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor is bound to the photolyase homology region (PHR) of plant CRYs and can be photoreduced to a neutral radical state under blue light. This photoreaction can trigger subsequent signal transduction. Plant CRYs can also bind an ATP molecule adjacent to FAD in a pocket of the PHR. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii contains a single plant CRY, named Chlamydomonas photolyase homologue 1 (CPH1). In CPH1, Cys392 and Asp393 are located near the FAD cofactor. Here we have shown that replacing Cys392 with Ser has little effect on the properties of CPH1. The C392N mutant, however, showed a faster photoreduction rate than wild-type CPH1, together with a significantly lower oxidation rate of the neutral radical state. Substituting an Asn residue for Asp393 in CPH1 improved the binding affinity for FAD as well as the stability of the neutral radical, but photoreduction in the case of this mutant was severely inhibited. In the presence of ATP, CPH1 and its mutants exhibited significantly higher binding affinity for FAD and slower oxidation of the neutral radical. These results reveal that the residues at site 392 and the presence of ATP can tune the stability of the neutral radical, that the Asp residue at site 393 is crucial for photoreduction, and that the photoreduction rate is not determined merely by the stability of the neutral radical in CPH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wannan Medical College, 22# Wenchang West Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wen
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Anhui Normal University, 1# Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Wengui Shao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wannan Medical College, 22# Wenchang West Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Yao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wannan Medical College, 22# Wenchang West Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wannan Medical College, 22# Wenchang West Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wannan Medical College, 22# Wenchang West Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wannan Medical College, 22# Wenchang West Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Guoping Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Anhui Normal University, 1# Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, P. R. China
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159
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Abstract
Circadian oscillators are networks of biochemical feedback loops that generate 24-hour rhythms in organisms from bacteria to animals. These periodic rhythms result from a complex interplay among clock components that are specific to the organism, but share molecular mechanisms across kingdoms. A full understanding of these processes requires detailed knowledge, not only of the biochemical properties of clock proteins and their interactions, but also of the three-dimensional structure of clockwork components. Posttranslational modifications and protein–protein interactions have become a recent focus, in particular the complex interactions mediated by the phosphorylation of clock proteins and the formation of multimeric protein complexes that regulate clock genes at transcriptional and translational levels. This review covers the structural aspects of circadian oscillators, and serves as a primer for this exciting realm of structural biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Saini
- Center for Biocrystallographic Research, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Max-Planck-Institut für Pflanzenzüchtungsforschung, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mariusz Jaskolski
- Center for Biocrystallographic Research, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Seth J Davis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Pflanzenzüchtungsforschung, Cologne, Germany. .,Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.
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160
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Xu P, Lian H, Xu F, Zhang T, Wang S, Wang W, Du S, Huang J, Yang HQ. Phytochrome B and AGB1 Coordinately Regulate Photomorphogenesis by Antagonistically Modulating PIF3 Stability in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:229-247. [PMID: 30576873 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phytochrome B (phyB), the primary red light photoreceptor, promotes photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis by interacting with the basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional factor PIF3 and inducing its phosphorylation and degradation. Heterotrimeric G proteins are known to regulate various developmental processes in plants and animals. In Arabidopsis, the G-protein β subunit AGB1 is known to repress photomorphogenesis. However, whether and how phyB and AGB1 coordinately regulate photomorphogenesis are largely unknown. Here we show that phyB physically interacts with AGB1 in a red light-dependent manner and that AGB1 interacts directly with PIF3. Moreover, we demonstrate that the AGB1-PIF3 interaction inhibits the association of PIF3 with phyB, leading to reduced phosphorylation and degradation of PIF3, whereas the phyB-AGB1 interaction represses the association of PIF3 with AGB1, resulting in enhanced phosphorylation and degradation of PIF3. Our results suggest that phyB and AGB1 antagonistically regulate PIF3 stability by dynamically interacting with each other and PIF3. This dynamic mechanism may allow plants to balance phyB and G-protein signaling to optimize photomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongli Lian
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Shasha Du
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jirong Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Hong-Quan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
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161
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Kabir MP, Orozco-Gonzalez Y, Gozem S. Electronic spectra of flavin in different redox and protonation states: a computational perspective on the effect of the electrostatic environment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16526-16537. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02230a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study discusses how UV/vis absorption spectra of flavin in different redox and protonation states are shifted by the nearby electrostatic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samer Gozem
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
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162
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Yang LW, Wen XH, Fu JX, Dai SL. ClCRY2 facilitates floral transition in Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium by affecting the transcription of circadian clock-related genes under short-day photoperiods. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:58. [PMID: 30393540 PMCID: PMC6210193 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants sense photoperiod signals to confirm the optimal flowering time. Previous studies have shown that Cryptochrome2 (CRY2) functions to promote floral transition in the long-day plant (LDP) Arabidopsis; however, the function and molecular mechanism by which CRY2 regulates floral transition in short-day plants (SDPs) is still unclear. In this study, we identified a CRY2 homologous gene, ClCRY2, from Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium, a typical SDP. The morphological changes in the C. lavandulifolium shoot apex and ClFTs expression analysis under SD conditions showed that adult C. lavandulifolium completed the developmental transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth after eight SDs. Meanwhile, ClCRY2 mRNA exhibited an increasing trend from 0 to 8 d of SD treatment. ClCRY2 overexpression in wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis and C. lavandulifolium resulted in early flowering. The transcript levels of the CONSTANS-like (COL) genes ClCOL1, ClCOL4, and ClCOL5, and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) homologous gene ClFT1 were upregulated in ClCRY2 overexpression (ClCRY2-OE) C. lavandulifolium under SD conditions. The transcript levels of some circadian clock-related genes, including PSEUDO-REPONSE REGULATOR 5 (PRR5), ZEITLUPE (ZTL), FLAVIN-BINDING KELCH REPEAT F-BOX 1 (FKF1), and GIGANTEA (GI-1 and GI-2), were upregulated in ClCRY2-OE C. lavandulifolium, while the expression levels of other circadian clock-related genes, such as EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3), ELF4, LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY), PRR73, and REVEILLE8 (RVE8), were downregulated in ClCRY2-OE C. lavandulifolium under SD conditions. Taken together, the results suggest that ClCRY2 promotes floral transition by fine-tuning the expression of circadian clock-related gene, ClCOLs and ClFT1 in C. lavandulifolium under SD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-wen Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-hui Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 P. R. China
| | - Jian-xin Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 P. R. China
| | - Si-lan Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 P. R. China
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163
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Yan H, Zhou B, He W, Nie Y, Li Y. Expression characterisation of cyclophilin BrROC1 during light treatment and abiotic stresses response in Brassica rapa subsp. rapa 'Tsuda'. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:1223-1232. [PMID: 32291012 DOI: 10.1071/fp18029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ROC1 is a prototypic peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) of the plant cytosol belonging to the large subfamily of cyclophilins that are associated with diverse functions through foldase, scaffolding, chaperoning or other unknown activities. Although many functions of plant cyclophilins have been reported, the molecular basis of stress-responsive expression of plant cyclophilins is still largely unknown. To characterise the roles of BrROC1 during light treatment and their responses in various abiotic stresses, we identified BrROC1 genes and characterised their expression patterns in Brassica rapa subsp. rapa 'Tsuda'. Our results showed that BrROC1 genes are multi-family genes. Transcript level analysis showed BrROC1-2 expressed higher than BrROC1-1 in 0 to 6-day-old seedlings under natural light. Moreover, BrROC1-2 genes were also induced to highly express in the cotyledon, upper hypocotyls and lower hypocotyls of seedlings under UV-A and blue-light treatment. In addition, the transcript level of BrROC1-1 was higher in pigment tissues than that in unpigment tissues (cotyledon and lower hypocotyl) under UV-A and blue-light treatment. Furthermore, when the unpigment epidermis (shaded light) of 2-month-old 'Tsuda' turnip roots was exposed to UV-A light, transcript levels of the BrROC1-1 and BrROC1-2 were significantly increased with time prolongation. These two BrROC1 genes might be involved in UV-A-induced anthocyanin synthesis in the root epidermis of 'Tsuda' turnip, which accumulates high levels of anthocyanin. These two BrROC1 genes were also induced to be regulated by abiotic stresses such as high or low temperature, dehydration, osmotic and salt stresses. Then, the results indicate that BrROC1 genes are involved in light induction response and may play important roles in adaptation of plants to various environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wei He
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuzhe Nie
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
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164
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Lian H, Xu P, He S, Wu J, Pan J, Wang W, Xu F, Wang S, Pan J, Huang J, Yang HQ. Photoexcited CRYPTOCHROME 1 Interacts Directly with G-Protein β Subunit AGB1 to Regulate the DNA-Binding Activity of HY5 and Photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:1248-1263. [PMID: 30176372 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Light and the heterotrimeric G-protein are known to antagonistically regulate photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. However, whether light and G-protein coordinate the regulation of photomorphogenesis is largely unknown. Here we show that the blue light photoreceptor cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) physically interacts with the G-protein β subunit, AGB1, in a blue light-dependent manner. We also show that AGB1 directly interacts with HY5, a basic leucine zipper transcriptional factor that acts as a critical positive regulator of photomorphogenesis, to inhibit its DNA-binding activity. Genetic studies suggest that CRY1 acts partially through AGB1, and AGB1 acts partially through HY5 to regulate photomorphogenesis. Moreover, we demonstrate that blue light-triggered interaction of CRY1 with AGB1 promotes the dissociation of HY5 from AGB1. Our results suggest that the CRY1 signaling mechanism involves positive regulation of the DNA-binding activity of HY5 mediated by the CRY1-AGB1 interaction, which inhibits the association of AGB1 with HY5. We propose that the antagonistic regulation of HY5 DNA-binding activity by CRY1 and AGB1 may allow plants to balance light and G-protein signaling and optimize photomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Lian
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pengbo Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shengbo He
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jian Pan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junsong Pan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jirong Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Hong-Quan Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
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165
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Wang Q, Zuo Z, Wang X, Liu Q, Gu L, Oka Y, Lin C. Beyond the photocycle-how cryptochromes regulate photoresponses in plants? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 45:120-126. [PMID: 29913346 PMCID: PMC6240499 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRYs) are blue light receptors that mediate light regulation of plant growth and development. Land plants possess various numbers of cryptochromes, CRY1 and CRY2, which serve overlapping and partially redundant functions in different plant species. Cryptochromes exist as physiologically inactive monomers in darkness; photoexcited cryptochromes undergo homodimerization to increase their affinity to the CRY-signaling proteins, such as CIBs (CRY2-interacting bHLH), PIFs (Phytochrome-Interacting Factors), AUX/IAA (Auxin/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID), and the COP1-SPAs (Constitutive Photomorphogenesis 1-Suppressors of Phytochrome A) complexes. These light-dependent protein-protein interactions alter the activity of the CRY-signaling proteins to change gene expression and developmental programs in response to light. In the meantime, photoexcitation also changes the affinity of cryptochromes to the CRY-regulatory proteins, such as BICs (Blue-light Inhibitors of CRYs) and PPKs (Photoregulatory Protein Kinases), to modulate the activity, modification, or abundance of cryptochromes and photosensitivity of plants in response to the changing light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, UCLA-FAFU Joint Research Center on Plant Proteomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Zecheng Zuo
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, UCLA-FAFU Joint Research Center on Plant Proteomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Qing Liu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, UCLA-FAFU Joint Research Center on Plant Proteomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lianfeng Gu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, UCLA-FAFU Joint Research Center on Plant Proteomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yoshito Oka
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, UCLA-FAFU Joint Research Center on Plant Proteomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chentao Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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166
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Nuclear movement and positioning in plant cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 82:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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167
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Eckel M, Steinchen W, Batschauer A. ATP boosts lit state formation and activity of Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:389-403. [PMID: 30044014 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochrome (cry) blue light photoreceptors have important roles in the regulation of plant development. Their photocycle includes redox changes of their flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) chromophore, which is fully oxidised in the dark state and semi-reduced in the signalling-active lit state. The two Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochromes, cry1 and cry2, and the plant-type cryptochrome CPH1 from Chlamydomonas rheinhardtii bind ATP and other nucleotides. Binding of ATP affects the photocycle of these photoreceptors and causes structural alterations. However, the exact regions that undergo structural changes have not been defined, and most importantly it is not known whether ATP binding affects the biological activity of these photoreceptors in planta. Here we present studies on the effect of ATP on Arabidopsis cry2. Recombinant cry2 protein showed a high affinity for ATP (KD of 1.09 ± 0.48 μm). Binding of ATP and other adenines promoted photoreduction of the FAD chromophore in vitro and caused structural changes, particularly in α-helix 21 which links the photosensory domain with the C-terminal extension. The constructed cry2Y399A mutant was unable to bind ATP and did not show enhancement of photoreduction by ATP. When this mutant gene was expressed in Arabidopsis null cry2 mutant plants it retained some biological activity, which was, however, lower than that of the wild type. Our results indicate that binding of ATP to cry2, and most likely to other plant-type cryptochromes, is not essential but boosts the formation of the signalling state and biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Eckel
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology and Photobiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wieland Steinchen
- Faculty of Chemistry and LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alfred Batschauer
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology and Photobiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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168
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Matiiv AB, Chekunova EM. Aureochromes - Blue Light Receptors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:662-673. [PMID: 30195323 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918060044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A variety of living organisms including bacteria, fungi, animals, and plants use blue light (BL) to adapt to changing ambient light. Photosynthetic forms (plants and algae) require energy of light for photosynthesis, movements, development, and regulation of activity. Several complex light-sensitive systems evolved in eukaryotic cells to use the information of light efficiently with photoreceptors selectively absorbing various segments of the solar spectrum, being the first components in the light signal transduction chain. They are most diverse in algae. Photosynthetic stramenopiles, which received chloroplasts from red algae during secondary symbiosis, play an important role in ecosystems and aquaculture, being primary producers. These taxa acquired the ability to use BL for regulation of such processes as phototropism, chloroplast photo-relocation movement, and photomorphogenesis. A new type of BL receptor - aureochrome (AUREO) - was identified in Vaucheria frigida in 2007. AUREO consists of two domains: bZIP (basic-region leucine zipper) domain and LOV (light-oxygen-voltage-sensing) domain, and thus this photoreceptor is a BL-sensitive transcription factor. This review presents current data on the structure, mechanisms of action, and biochemical features of aureochromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Matiiv
- St. Petersburg State University, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - E M Chekunova
- St. Petersburg State University, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
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169
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Jones MA. Using light to improve commercial value. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:47. [PMID: 30181887 PMCID: PMC6119199 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The plasticity of plant morphology has evolved to maximize reproductive fitness in response to prevailing environmental conditions. Leaf architecture elaborates to maximize light harvesting, while the transition to flowering can either be accelerated or delayed to improve an individual's fitness. One of the most important environmental signals is light, with plants using light for both photosynthesis and as an environmental signal. Plants perceive different wavelengths of light using distinct photoreceptors. Recent advances in LED technology now enable light quality to be manipulated at a commercial scale, and as such opportunities now exist to take advantage of plants' developmental plasticity to enhance crop yield and quality through precise manipulation of a crops' lighting regime. This review will discuss how plants perceive and respond to light, and consider how these specific signaling pathways can be manipulated to improve crop yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Alan Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ UK
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170
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Iwata T, Nagai T, Ito S, Osoegawa S, Iseki M, Watanabe M, Unno M, Kitagawa S, Kandori H. Hydrogen Bonding Environments in the Photocycle Process around the Flavin Chromophore of the AppA-BLUF domain. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:11982-11991. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Iwata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagai
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Shota Ito
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Osoegawa
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Mineo Iseki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Watanabe
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, Nishi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-1202, Japan
| | - Masashi Unno
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Shinya Kitagawa
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Kandori
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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171
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Liu Y, Li X, Ma D, Chen Z, Wang JW, Liu H. CIB1 and CO interact to mediate CRY2-dependent regulation of flowering. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201845762. [PMID: 30126927 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201845762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptochromes are photolyase-like photoreceptors. Arabidopsis CRY2 (cryptochrome 2) primarily mediates the photoperiodic regulation of floral initiation. CRY2 has been shown to promote FT (FLOWERING LOCUS T) mRNA expression in response to blue light by suppressing the degradation of the CO (CONSTANS) protein and activating CIB1 (CRY2-interacting bHLH1). Although CIB1 and CO are both transcriptional activators of FT, their relationship is unknown. Here, we show that CIB1 physically interacts with CO and promotes FT transcription in a CO-dependent manner. CRY2, CIB1, and CO form a protein complex in response to blue light to activate FT transcription, and the complex is regulated by the photoperiod and peaks at dusk along with higher FT expression. We also determined that CRY2 was recruited to the FT chromatin by CIB1 and CO and that all three proteins are bound to the same region within the FT promoter. Therefore, there is crosstalk between the CRY2-CO and CRY2-CIBs pathways, and CIB1 and CO act together to regulate FT transcription and flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingbang Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziru Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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172
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Kang X, Xu G, Lee B, Chen C, Zhang H, Kuang R, Ni M. HRB2 and BBX21 interaction modulates Arabidopsis ABI5 locus and stomatal aperture. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1912-1925. [PMID: 29748960 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Blue light triggers the opening of stomata in the morning to allow CO2 uptake and water loss through transpiration. During the day, plants may experience periodic drought and accumulate abscisic acid (ABA). ABA antagonizes blue light signalling through phosphatidic acid and reduces stomatal aperture. This study reveals a molecular mechanism by which two light signalling proteins interact to repress ABA signalling in the control of stomatal aperture. A hypersensitive to red and blue 2 (hrb2) mutant has a defective ATP-dependent chromatin-remodelling factor, PKL, in the chromodomain/helicase/DNA binding family. HRB2 enhances the light-induced expression of a B-box transcription factor gene, BBX21. BBX21 binds a T/G box in the ABI5 promoter and recruits HRB2 to modulate the chromatin structure at the ABI5 locus. Mutation in either HRB2 or BBX21 led to reduced water loss and ABA hypersensitivity. This hypersensitivity to ABA was well explained by the enhanced expression of the ABA signalling gene ABI5 in both mutants. Indeed, stomatal aperture was significantly reduced by ABI5 overexpression in the absence or presence of ABA under monochromatic light conditions. Overall, we present a regulatory loop in which two light signalling proteins repress ABA signalling to sustain gas exchange when plants experience periodic drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Kang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Byungha Lee
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Huanan Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Rui Kuang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Min Ni
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
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173
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Wang S, Li L, Xu P, Lian H, Wang W, Xu F, Mao Z, Zhang T, Yang H. CRY1 interacts directly with HBI1 to regulate its transcriptional activity and photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3867-3881. [PMID: 29860272 PMCID: PMC6054188 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRYs) are blue light photoreceptors that mediate various light responses in plants and animals. In Arabidopsis, there are two homologous CRYs, CRY1 and CRY2, which mediate blue light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation. It is known that CRY2 interacts with CIB1, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional factor, to regulate transcription and floral induction. In this study, we performed yeast two-hybrid screening and identified CIB1 as a CRY1-interacting protein. Moreover, we demonstrated that CRY1 physically interacted with the close homolog of CIB1, HBI1, which is known to act downstream of brassinosteroid (BR) and gibberellin acid (GA) signaling pathways to promote hypocotyl elongation, in a blue light-dependent manner. Transgenic and genetic interaction studies showed that overexpression of HBI1 resulted in enhanced hypocotyl elongation under blue light and that HBI1 acted downstream of CRYs to promote hypocotyl elongation. Genome-wide gene expression analysis indicated that CRYs and HBI1 antagonistically regulated the expression of genes involved in regulating cell elongation. Moreover, we demonstrated that CRY1-HBI1 interaction led to inhibition of HBI1's DNA binding activity and its target gene expression. Together, our results suggest that HBI1 acts as a new CRY1-interacting protein and that the signaling mechanism of CRY1 involves repression of HBI1 transcriptional activity by direct CRY1-HBI1 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengbo Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Lian
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- State Key laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilei Mao
- State Key laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongquan Yang
- State Key laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence:
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174
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Zeng Z, Wei J, Liu Y, Zhang W, Mabe T. Magnetoreception of Photoactivated Cryptochrome 1 in Electrochemistry and Electron Transfer. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:4752-4759. [PMID: 31458694 PMCID: PMC6641772 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochromes are flavoproteins whose photochemistry is important for crucial functions associated with phototropism and circadian clocks. In this report, we, for the first time, observed a magnetic response of the cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) immobilized at a gold electrode with illumination of blue light. These results present the magnetic field-enhanced photoinduced electron transfer of CRY1 to the electrode by voltammetry, exhibiting magnetic responsive rate constant and electrical current changes. A mechanism of the electron transfer, which involves photoinduced radicals in the CRY, is sensitive to the weak magnetic field; and the long-lived free radical FAD•- is responsible for the detected electrochemical Faradaic current. As a photoreceptor, the finding of a 5.7% rate constant change in electron transfer corresponding to a 50 μT magnetic field may be meaningful in regulation of magnetic field signaling and circadian clock function under an electromagnetic field.
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175
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Xu F, He S, Zhang J, Mao Z, Wang W, Li T, Hua J, Du S, Xu P, Li L, Lian H, Yang HQ. Photoactivated CRY1 and phyB Interact Directly with AUX/IAA Proteins to Inhibit Auxin Signaling in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:523-541. [PMID: 29269022 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Light is a key environmental cue that inhibits hypocotyl cell elongation through the blue and red/far-red light photoreceptors cryptochrome- and phytochrome-mediated pathways in Arabidopsis. In contrast, as a pivotal endogenous phytohormone auxin promotes hypocotyl elongation through the auxin receptors TIR1/AFBs-mediated degradation of AUX/IAA proteins (AUX/IAAs). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the antagonistic interaction of light and auxin signaling remain unclear. Here, we report that light inhibits auxin signaling through stabilization of AUX/IAAs by blue and red light-dependent interactions of cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) and phytochrome B with AUX/IAAs, respectively. Blue light-triggered interactions of CRY1 with AUX/IAAs inhibit the associations of TIR1 with AUX/IAAs, leading to the repression of auxin-induced degradation of these proteins. Our results indicate that photoreceptors share AUX/IAAs with auxin receptors as the same direct downstream signaling components. We propose that antagonistic regulation of AUX/IAA protein stability by photoreceptors and auxin receptors allows plants to balance light and auxin signals to optimize their growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shengbo He
- School of Agriculture and Biology/School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology/School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhilei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology/School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jie Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shasha Du
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Pengbo Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology/School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology/School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongli Lian
- School of Agriculture and Biology/School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hong-Quan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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176
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Chen HJ, Fu TY, Yang SL, Hsieh HL. FIN219/JAR1 and cryptochrome1 antagonize each other to modulate photomorphogenesis under blue light in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007248. [PMID: 29561841 PMCID: PMC5880400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant development is affected by the integration of light and phytohormones, including jasmonates (JAs). To address the molecular mechanisms of possible interactions between blue light and JA signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana, we used molecular and transgenic approaches to understand the regulatory relationships between FAR-RED INSENSITIVE 219 (FIN219)/JASMONATE RESISTANT1 (JAR1) and the blue-light photoreceptor cryptochrome1 (CRY1). FIN219 overexpression in the wild type resulted in a short-hypocotyl phenotype under blue light. However, FIN219 overexpression in cry1, cry2 and cry1cry2 double mutant backgrounds resulted in phenotypes similar to their respective mutant backgrounds, which suggests that FIN219 function may require blue light photoreceptors. Intriguingly, FIN219 overexpression in transgenic plants harboring ectopic expression of the C terminus of CRY1 (GUS-CCT1), which exhibits a hypersensitive short-hypocotyl phenotype in all light conditions including darkness, led to a rescued phenotype under all light conditions except red light. Further expression studies showed mutual suppression between FIN219 and CRY1 under blue light. Strikingly, FIN219 overexpression in GUS-CCT1 transgenic lines (FIN219-OE/GUS-CCT1) abolished GUS-CCT1 fusion protein under blue light, whereas GUS-CCT1 fusion protein was stable in the fin219-2 mutant background (fin219-2/GUS-CCT1). Moreover, FIN219 strongly interacted with COP1 under blue light, and methyl JA (MeJA) treatment enhanced the interaction between FIN219 and GUS-CCT1 under blue light. Furthermore, FIN219 level affected GUS-CCT1 seedling responses such as anthocyanin accumulation and bacterial resistance under various light conditions and MeJA treatment. Thus, FIN219/JAR1 and CRY1 antagonize each other to modulate photomorphogenic development of seedlings and stress responses in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Ju Chen
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Yu Fu
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Li Yang
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Liang Hsieh
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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177
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Li M, Luo Q, Mallano AI, Jing Y, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Li W. GmPLP1, a PAS/LOV protein, functions as a possible new type of blue light photoreceptor in soybean. Gene 2018; 645:170-178. [PMID: 29248583 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Light is one of the most important environmental factors for the growth and development of plants. To adapt to changes in day length, the photoreception and transmission of the light signals in plants mainly depend on the various light receptor proteins. The PAS/LOV protein (PLP) has a PAS domain in the N-terminal and LOV domain in the C-terminal and has been confirmed as a new type of blue light receptor in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the role of its counterpart in soybean remains largely unclear. In this study, the expression pattern of the GmPLP1 under different light qualities was determined by real-time RT-PCR analysis using the cultivar 'DongNong 42', a photosensitive soybean cultivar, suggesting that GmPLP1 was affected by the circadian clock and was a dark-induced gene. Moreover, the mRNA abundance increased significantly under blue light. Further analysis revealed that overexpression of GmPLP1 displayed the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation under blue light, and the expression of CRY1, CRY2, CKL3, CKL4, BIT1, and HY5 were simultaneously increased in GmPLP1-transgenic Arabidopsis, suggesting that the shortened hypocotyl was associated with the up-regulation of these genes. Taken together, our results suggest that GmPLP1, which is a new possible type of blue light photoreceptor in soybean, plays an important role in the blue light signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qiulan Luo
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetic, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Ali Inayat Mallano
- Department of Biotechnology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan
| | - Ya Jing
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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178
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Zhou T, Meng L, Ma Y, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Yang D, Bian M. Overexpression of sweet sorghum cryptochrome 1a confers hypersensitivity to blue light, abscisic acid and salinity in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:251-264. [PMID: 29098377 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This work provides the bioinformatics, expression pattern and functional analyses of cryptochrome 1a from sweet sorghum (SbCRY1a), together with an exploration of the signaling mechanism mediated by SbCRY1a. Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is considered to be an ideal candidate for biofuel production due to its high efficiency of photosynthesis and the ability to maintain yield under harsh environmental conditions. Blue light receptor cryptochromes regulate multiple aspects of plant growth and development. Here, we reported the function and signal mechanism of sweet sorghum cryptochrome 1a (SbCRY1a) to explore its potential for genetic improvement of sweet sorghum varieties. SbCRY1a transcripts experienced almost 24 h diurnal cycling; however, its protein abundance showed no oscillation. Overexpression of SbCRY1a in Arabidopsis rescued the phenotype of cry1 mutant in a blue light-specific manner and regulated HY5 accumulation under blue light. SbCRY1a protein was present in both nucleus and cytoplasm. The photoexcited SbCRY1a interacted directly with a putative RING E3 ubiquitin ligase constitutive photomorphogenesis 1 (COP1) from sweet sorghum (SbCOP1) instead of SbSPA1 to suppress SbCOP1-SbHY5 interaction responding to blue light. These observations indicate that the function and signaling mechanism of cryptochromes are basically conservative between monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Moreover, SbCRY1a-overexpressed transgenic Arabidopsis showed oversensitive to abscisic acid (ABA) and salinity. The ABA-responsive gene ABI5 was up-regulated evidently in SbCRY1a transgenic lines, suggesting that SbCRY1a might regulate ABA signaling through the HY5-ABI5 regulon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhou
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Lingyang Meng
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Agronomy College of Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Wood Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yunyun Zhang
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zhenming Yang
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Deguang Yang
- Agronomy College of Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Wood Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Mingdi Bian
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China.
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179
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Liu CC, Ahammed GJ, Wang GT, Xu CJ, Chen KS, Zhou YH, Yu JQ. Tomato CRY1a plays a critical role in the regulation of phytohormone homeostasis, plant development, and carotenoid metabolism in fruits. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:354-366. [PMID: 29046014 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Blue light photoreceptors, cryptochromes (CRYs), regulate multiple aspects of plant growth and development. However, our knowledge of CRYs is predominantly based on model plant Arabidopsis at early growth stage. In this study, we elucidated functions of CRY1a gene in mature tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants by using cry1a mutants and CRY1a-overexpressing lines (OE-CRY1a-1 and OE-CRY1a-2). In comparison with wild-type plants, cry1a mutants are relatively tall, accumulate low biomass, and bear more fruits, whereas OE-CRY1a plants are short stature, and they not only flower lately but also bear less fruits. RNA-seq, qRT-PCR, and LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that biosynthesis of gibberellin, cytokinin, and jasmonic acid was down-regulated by CRY1a. Furthermore, DNA replication was drastically inhibited in leaves of OE-CRY1a lines, but promoted in cry1a mutants with concomitant changes in the expression of cell cycle genes. However, CRY1a positively regulated levels of soluble sugars, phytofluene, phytoene, lycopene, and ß-carotene in the fruits. The results indicate the important role of CRY1a in plant growth and have implications for molecular interventions of CRY1a aimed at improving agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Chao Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guo-Ting Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chang-Jie Xu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kun-Song Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jing-Quan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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180
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Oguchi R, Onoda Y, Terashima I, Tholen D. Leaf Anatomy and Function. THE LEAF: A PLATFORM FOR PERFORMING PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93594-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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181
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Raboanatahiry N, Chao H, Dalin H, Pu S, Yan W, Yu L, Wang B, Li M. QTL Alignment for Seed Yield and Yield Related Traits in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1127. [PMID: 30116254 PMCID: PMC6083399 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide consumption of oil is increasing with the growing population in need for edible oil and the expansion of industry using biofuels. Then, demand for high yielding varieties of oil crops is always increasing. Brassica napus (rapeseed) is one of the most important oil crop in the world, therefore, increasing rapeseed yield through breeding is inevitable in order to cater for the high demand of vegetable oil and high-quality protein for live stocks. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis is a powerful tool to identify important loci and which is also valuable for molecular marker assisted breeding. Seed-yield (SY) is a complex trait that is controlled by multiple loci and is affected directly by seed weight, seeds per silique and silique number. Some yield-related traits, such as plant height, biomass yield, flowering time, and so on, also affect the SY indirectly. This study reports the assembly of QTLs identified for seed-yield and yield-related traits in rapeseed, in one unique map. A total of 972 QTLs for seed-yield and yield-related were aligned into the physical map of B. napus Darmor-bzh and 92 regions where 198 QTLs overlapped, could be discovered on 16 chromosomes. Also, 147 potential candidate genes were discovered in 65 regions where 131 QTLs overlapped, and might affect nine different traits. At the end, interaction network of candidate genes was studied, and showed nine genes that could highly interact with the other genes, and might have more influence on them. The present results would be helpful to develop molecular markers for yield associated traits and could be used for breeding improvement in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Raboanatahiry
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| | - Hongbo Chao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| | - Hou Dalin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| | - Shi Pu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Longjiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Maoteng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
- *Correspondence: Maoteng Li,
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182
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Schroeder L, Oldemeyer S, Kottke T. Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy on Plant Cryptochrome—Relevance of Proton Transfer and ATP Binding for Signaling. J Phys Chem A 2017; 122:140-147. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b10249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Schroeder
- Physical and Biophysical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße
25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sabine Oldemeyer
- Physical and Biophysical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße
25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tilman Kottke
- Physical and Biophysical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße
25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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183
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Du H, Shi Y, Li D, Fan W, Wang G, Wang C. Screening and identification of key genes regulating fall dormancy in alfalfa leaves. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188964. [PMID: 29211806 PMCID: PMC5718555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fall dormancy (FD) determines the adaptation of an alfalfa variety and affects alfalfa production and quality. However, the molecular mechanism underlying FD remains poorly understood. Here, 44 genes regulating FD were identified by comparison of the transcriptomes from leaves of Maverick (fall-dormant alfalfa) and CUF101(non-fall-dormant), during FD and non-FD and were classified them depending on their function. The transcription of IAA-amino acid hydrolase ILR1-like 1, abscisic acid receptor PYL8, and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase-3 in Maverick leaves was regulated by daylength and temperature, and the transcription of the abscisic acid receptor PYL8 was mainly affected by daylength. The changes in the expression of these genes and the abundance of their messenger RNA (mRNA) in Maverick leaves differed from those in CUF101 leaves, as evidenced by the correlation analysis of their mRNA abundance profiles obtained from April to October. The present findings suggested that these genes are involved in regulating FD in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqi Du
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Defeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenna Fan
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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184
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Transcriptome profiling of PeCRY1 transgenic Populus tomentosa. Genes Genomics 2017; 40:349-359. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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185
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Oakenfull RJ, Davis SJ. Shining a light on the Arabidopsis circadian clock. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2571-2585. [PMID: 28732105 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock provides essential timing information to ensure optimal growth to prevailing external environmental conditions. A major time-setting mechanism (zeitgeber) in clock synchronization is light. Differing light wavelengths, intensities, and photoperiodic duration are processed for the clock-setting mechanism. Many studies on light-input pathways to the clock have focused on Arabidopsis thaliana. Photoreceptors are specific chromic proteins that detect light signals and transmit this information to the central circadian oscillator through a number of different signalling mechanisms. The most well-characterized clock-mediating photoreceptors are cryptochromes and phytochromes, detecting blue, red, and far-red wavelengths of light. Ultraviolet and shaded light are also processed signals to the oscillator. Notably, the clock reciprocally generates rhythms of photoreceptor action leading to so-called gating of light responses. Intermediate proteins, such as Phytochrome interacting factors (PIFs), constitutive photomorphogenic 1 (COP1) and EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3), have been established in signalling pathways downstream of photoreceptor activation. However, the precise details for these signalling mechanisms are not fully established. This review highlights both historical and recent efforts made to understand overall light input to the oscillator, first looking at how each wavelength of light is detected, this is then related to known input mechanisms and their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth J Davis
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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186
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Duanmu D, Rockwell NC, Lagarias JC. Algal light sensing and photoacclimation in aquatic environments. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2558-2570. [PMID: 28245058 PMCID: PMC5705019 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Anoxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes arose in ancient oceans ~3.5 billion years ago. The evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis by cyanobacteria followed soon after, enabling eukaryogenesis and the evolution of complex life. The Archaeplastida lineage dates back ~1.5 billion years to the domestication of a cyanobacterium. Eukaryotic algae have subsequently radiated throughout oceanic/freshwater/terrestrial environments, adopting distinctive morphological and developmental strategies for adaptation to diverse light environments. Descendants of the ancestral photosynthetic alga remain challenged by a typical diurnally fluctuating light supply ranging from ~0 to ~2000 μE m-2 s-1 . Such extreme changes in light intensity and variations in light quality have driven the evolution of novel photoreceptors, light-harvesting complexes and photoprotective mechanisms in photosynthetic eukaryotes. This minireview focuses on algal light sensors, highlighting the unexpected roles for linear tetrapyrroles (bilins) in the maintenance of functional chloroplasts in chlorophytes, sister species to streptophyte algae and land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Duanmu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Corresponding authors: Deqiang Duanmu, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. Tel:+86-27-87282101; Fax:+86-27-87282469; ; J. Clark Lagarias, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis CA 95616. Tel: 530-752-1865; Fax: 530-752-3085;
| | - Nathan C. Rockwell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis CA 95616
| | - J. Clark Lagarias
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis CA 95616
- Corresponding authors: Deqiang Duanmu, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. Tel:+86-27-87282101; Fax:+86-27-87282469; ; J. Clark Lagarias, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis CA 95616. Tel: 530-752-1865; Fax: 530-752-3085;
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187
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Wilde A, Mullineaux CW. Light-controlled motility in prokaryotes and the problem of directional light perception. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2017; 41:900-922. [PMID: 29077840 PMCID: PMC5812497 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural light environment is important to many prokaryotes. Most obviously, phototrophic prokaryotes need to acclimate their photosynthetic apparatus to the prevailing light conditions, and such acclimation is frequently complemented by motility to enable cells to relocate in search of more favorable illumination conditions. Non-phototrophic prokaryotes may also seek to avoid light at damaging intensities and wavelengths, and many prokaryotes with diverse lifestyles could potentially exploit light signals as a rich source of information about their surroundings and a cue for acclimation and behavior. Here we discuss our current understanding of the ways in which bacteria can perceive the intensity, wavelength and direction of illumination, and the signal transduction networks that link light perception to the control of motile behavior. We discuss the problems of light perception at the prokaryotic scale, and the challenge of directional light perception in small bacterial cells. We explain the peculiarities and the common features of light-controlled motility systems in prokaryotes as diverse as cyanobacteria, purple photosynthetic bacteria, chemoheterotrophic bacteria and haloarchaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Wilde
- Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre of Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Conrad W. Mullineaux
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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188
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König S, Eisenhut M, Bräutigam A, Kurz S, Weber APM, Büchel C. The Influence of a Cryptochrome on the Gene Expression Profile in the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum under Blue Light and in Darkness. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1914-1923. [PMID: 29016997 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms, albeit being only distantly related with higher plants, harbor a plant-like cryptochrome (CryP) that was proposed to act as a photoreceptor required for the regulation of some photosynthetic proteins. Plant cryptochromes are involved in the regulation of developmental processes relevant only to multicellular organisms. Their role in the unicellular diatoms to date is mostly enigmatic. To elucidate the function of this plant-like cryptochrome in a unicellular species, we examined the role of CryP in the regulation of transcription in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum by comparative RNA-seq of wild type and CryP knock-down mutants, under prolonged darkness and one hour after onset of blue light. In total, mRNAs of 12,298 genes were identified and more than 70% of the genes could be sorted into functional bins. CryP influenced groups of transcripts in three different ways: some transcripts displayed altered expression under blue light only, others independent of the light condition, and, surprisingly, some were influenced by CryP only in darkness. Genes regulated in any condition were distributed over almost all functional categories. CryP exerted an influence on two other photoreceptors: the genes encoding phytochrome and CPF1, another cryptochrome, which were down-regulated by CryP independent of the light condition. However, the regulatory responses of the affected photoreceptors on transcriptional output were independent. The influence of CryP on the expression of other photoreceptors hints to the existence of a regulatory signaling network in diatoms that includes several cryptochromes and phytochrome, whereby CryP acts as a regulator of transcript abundance under light as well as in darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah König
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Max von Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marion Eisenhut
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Bräutigam
- IPK Gatersleben, Network Analysis and Modeling, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Samantha Kurz
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Max von Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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189
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Ganesan M, Lee HY, Kim JI, Song PS. Development of transgenic crops based on photo-biotechnology. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2469-2486. [PMID: 28010046 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The phenotypes associated with plant photomorphogenesis such as the suppressed shade avoidance response and de-etiolation offer the potential for significant enhancement of crop yields. Of many light signal transducers and transcription factors involved in the photomorphogenic responses of plants, this review focuses on the transgenic overexpression of the photoreceptor genes at the uppermost stream of the signalling events, particularly phytochromes, crytochromes and phototropins as the transgenes for the genetic engineering of crops with improved harvest yields. In promoting the harvest yields of crops, the photoreceptors mediate the light regulation of photosynthetically important genes, and the improved yields often come with the tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity and heavy metal ions. As a genetic engineering approach, the term photo-biotechnology has been coined to convey the idea that the greater the photosynthetic efficiency that crop plants can be engineered to possess, the stronger the resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Development of GM crops based on photoreceptor transgenes (mainly phytochromes, crytochromes and phototropins) is reviewed with the proposal of photo-biotechnology that the photoreceptors mediate the light regulation of photosynthetically important genes, and the improved yields often come with the added benefits of crops' tolerance to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markkandan Ganesan
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute and Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Hyo-Yeon Lee
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute and Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Korea
| | - Jeong-Il Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Pill-Soon Song
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute and Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Korea
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190
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König S, Juhas M, Jäger S, Kottke T, Büchel C. The cryptochrome-photolyase protein family in diatoms. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 217:15-19. [PMID: 28720252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The cryptochrome - photolyase family (CPF) consists of homologous flavoproteins having completely different functions involving DNA repair, circadian rhythm and/or photoreception. From the original photolyases, working either as (6-4) or cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyases, the animal- and plant-type cryptochromes, respectively, evolved and also the more intermediate DASH cryptochromes. Whereas animal cryptochromes work mostly in clock-related functions, plant cryptochromes are also directly involved in developmental processes such as hypocotyl elongation or flower induction. In diatoms, all types of cryptochromes and photolyases were predicted from genome sequences. However, up to now only two proteins have been characterised in more detail, CPF1 and CryP. CPF1 is related to animal-type cryptochromes, but works as a (6-4) photolyase in addition to having photoreceptor functions. It was shown to interact with the CLOCK:Bmal1 heterodimer in a heterologous system, and thus is probably involved in clock-related processes. Moreover, CPF1 directly influences transcription. The latter was also true for CryP, which is a cryptochrome distantly related to plant-type cryptochromes. In addition, CryP influences light-harvesting protein accumulation. For all diatom cryptochromes, down-stream signalling has to proceed via interaction partners different from the classical proteins involved in cryptochrome signalling in higher plants, because these candidates are missing in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah König
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias Juhas
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Jäger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tilman Kottke
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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191
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Liu F, Wang Y, Ding Z, Zhao L, Xiao J, Wang L, Ding S. Transcriptomic analysis of flower development in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.)). Gene 2017; 631:39-51. [PMID: 28844668 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Flowering is a critical and complicated process in plant development, involving interactions of numerous endogenous and environmental factors, but little is known about the complex network regulating flower development in tea plants. In this study, de novo transcriptome assembly and gene expression analysis using Illumina sequencing technology were performed. Transcriptomic analysis assembles gene-related information involved in reproductive growth of C. sinensis. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the annotated unigenes revealed that the majority of sequenced genes were associated with metabolic and cellular processes, cell and cell parts, catalytic activity and binding. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and plant hormone signal transduction were enriched among the DEGs. Furthermore, 207 flowering-associated unigenes were identified from our database. Some transcription factors, such as WRKY, ERF, bHLH, MYB and MADS-box were shown to be up-regulated in floral transition, which might play the role of progression of flowering. Furthermore, 14 genes were selected for confirmation of expression levels using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The comprehensive transcriptomic analysis presents fundamental information on the genes and pathways which are involved in flower development in C. sinensis. Our data also provided a useful database for further research of tea and other species of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- School of Biological Science and Winery Engineering, Taishan University, Taian 271021, China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Fruit Tree and Tea Workstation of Weihai City, 264200, China
| | - Shibo Ding
- Rizhao Tea Research Institute of Shandong, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, China
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192
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Zhang M, Wang L, Zhong D. Photolyase: Dynamics and electron-transfer mechanisms of DNA repair. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 632:158-174. [PMID: 28802828 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photolyase, a flavoenzyme containing flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) molecule as a catalytic cofactor, repairs UV-induced DNA damage of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproduct using blue light. The FAD cofactor, conserved in the whole protein superfamily of photolyase/cryptochromes, adopts a unique folded configuration at the active site that plays a critical functional role in DNA repair. Here, we review our comprehensive characterization of the dynamics of flavin cofactor and its repair photocycles by different classes of photolyases on the most fundamental level. Using femtosecond spectroscopy and molecular biology, significant advances have recently been made to map out the entire dynamical evolution and determine actual timescales of all the catalytic processes in photolyases. The repair of CPD reveals seven electron-transfer (ET) reactions among ten elementary steps by a cyclic ET radical mechanism through bifurcating ET pathways, a direct tunneling route mediated by the intervening adenine and a two-step hopping path bridged by the intermediate adenine from the cofactor to damaged DNA, through the conserved folded flavin at the active site. The unified, bifurcated ET mechanism elucidates the molecular origin of various repair quantum yields of different photolyases from three life kingdoms. For 6-4 photoproduct repair, a similar cyclic ET mechanism operates and a new cyclic proton transfer with a conserved histidine residue at the active site of (6-4) photolyases is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dongping Zhong
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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193
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Nohr D, Paulus B, Rodriguez R, Okafuji A, Bittl R, Schleicher E, Weber S. Bestimmung des Radikal-Radikal-Abstands in lichtaktiven Proteinen im angeregten Zustand und dessen Bedeutung für die biologische Magnetorezeption. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nohr
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Bernd Paulus
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Ryan Rodriguez
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Asako Okafuji
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Robert Bittl
- Fachbereich Physik; Freie Universität Berlin; Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Erik Schleicher
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Stefan Weber
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
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194
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Orth C, Niemann N, Hennig L, Essen LO, Batschauer A. Hyperactivity of the Arabidopsis cryptochrome (cry1) L407F mutant is caused by a structural alteration close to the cry1 ATP-binding site. J Biol Chem 2017. [PMID: 28634231 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.788869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cryptochromes (cry) act as UV-A/blue light receptors. The prototype, Arabidopsis thaliana cry1, regulates several light responses during the life cycle, including de-etiolation, and is also involved in regulating flowering time. The cry1 photocycle is initiated by light absorption by its FAD chromophore, which is most likely fully oxidized (FADox) in the dark state and photoreduced to the neutral flavin semiquinone (FADH°) in its lit state. Cryptochromes lack the DNA-repair activity of the closely related DNA photolyases, but they retain the ability to bind nucleotides such as ATP. The previously characterized L407F mutant allele of Arabidopsis cry1 is biologically hyperactive and seems to mimic the ATP-bound state of cry1, but the reason for this phenotypic change is unclear. Here, we show that cry1L407F can still bind ATP, has less pronounced photoreduction and formation of FADH° than wild-type cry1, and has a dark reversion rate 1.7 times lower than that of the wild type. The hyperactivity of cry1L407F is not related to a higher FADH° occupancy of the photoreceptor but is caused by a structural alteration close to the ATP-binding site. Moreover, we show that ATP binds to cry1 in both the dark and the lit states. This binding was not affected by cry1's C-terminal extension, which is important for signal transduction. Finally, we show that a recently discovered chemical inhibitor of cry1, 3-bromo-7-nitroindazole, competes for ATP binding and thereby diminishes FADH° formation, which demonstrates that both processes are important for cry1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Orth
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology and Photobiology, Philipps-Universität, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nils Niemann
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology and Photobiology, Philipps-Universität, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lars Hennig
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars-Oliver Essen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Philipps-Universität, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Alfred Batschauer
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology and Photobiology, Philipps-Universität, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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195
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Nohr D, Paulus B, Rodriguez R, Okafuji A, Bittl R, Schleicher E, Weber S. Determination of Radical-Radical Distances in Light-Active Proteins and Their Implication for Biological Magnetoreception. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nohr
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Bernd Paulus
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Ryan Rodriguez
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Asako Okafuji
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Robert Bittl
- Department of Physics; Freie Universität Berlin; Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Erik Schleicher
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
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196
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Nießner C, Winklhofer M. Radical-pair-based magnetoreception in birds: radio-frequency experiments and the role of cryptochrome. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2017; 203:499-507. [PMID: 28612234 PMCID: PMC5522499 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-017-1189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The radical-pair hypothesis of magnetoreception has gained a lot of momentum, since the flavoprotein cryptochrome was postulated as a structural candidate to host magnetically sensitive chemical reactions. Here, we first discuss behavioral tests using radio-frequency magnetic fields (0.1-10 MHz) to specifically disturb a radical-pair-based avian magnetic compass sense. While disorienting effects of broadband RF magnetic fields have been replicated independently in two competing labs, the effects of monochromatic RF magnetic fields administered at the electronic Larmor frequency (~1.3 MHz) are disparate. We give technical recommendations for future RF experiments. We then focus on two candidate magnetoreceptor proteins in birds, Cry1a and Cry1b, two splice variants of the same gene (Cry1). Immunohistochemical studies have identified Cry1a in the outer segments of the ultraviolet/violet-sensitive cone photoreceptors and Cry1b in the cytosol of retinal ganglion cells. The identification of the host neurons of these cryptochromes and their subcellular expression patterns presents an important advance, but much work lies ahead to gain some functional understanding. In particular, interaction partners of cryptochrome Cry1a and Cry1b remain to be identified. A candidate partner for Cry4 was previously suggested, but awaits independent replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Nießner
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience, Deutschordenstr 46, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Winklhofer
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences IBU, School of Mathematics and Science, University of Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
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197
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Phosphorylation and negative regulation of CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 by PINOID in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:6617-6622. [PMID: 28584104 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702984114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) plays crucial roles in various cellular processes via its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in organisms, ranging from fungi to humans. As a key component in regulating various biological events, COP1 itself is precisely controlled at multiple layers. Here, we report a negative regulator of COP1, PINOID (PID), which positively mediates photomorphogenic development. Specifically, PID genetically and physically interacts with COP1 and directly phosphorylates COP1 at Ser20. As a result, this posttranslational modification serves to repress COP1 activity and promote photomorphogenesis. Our findings signify a key regulatory mechanism for precisely maintaining COP1 activity, thereby ensuring appropriate development in plants.
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198
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Molecular cloning and function analysis of ClCRY1a and ClCRY1b , two genes in Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium that play vital roles in promoting floral transition. Gene 2017; 617:32-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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199
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Abstract
Innumerable breakthroughs in many fundamental areas of biology have come from unbiased screens and selections for mutations, either across the genome or within a gene. However, long-standing hurdles to key elements of mutant hunts (mutagenesis, phenotypic characterization, and linkage of phenotype to genotype) have limited the organisms in which mutant hunts could be used. These hurdles are now being eliminated by an explosion of new technologies. We believe that a renewed emphasis on unbiased mutant hunts, in both existing model systems and in those where genetics is just now becoming feasible, will lead to new seminal discoveries and surprises.
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200
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Sommer C, Dietz MS, Patschkowski T, Mathes T, Kottke T. Light-Induced Conformational Changes in the Plant Cryptochrome Photolyase Homology Region Resolved by Selective Isotope Labeling and Infrared Spectroscopy. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:881-887. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Sommer
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Bielefeld Germany
| | - Marina S. Dietz
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Bielefeld Germany
| | - Thomas Patschkowski
- Proteome and Metabolome Research (Bio 27); Department of Biology; Bielefeld University; Bielefeld Germany
| | - Tilo Mathes
- Department of Biology; Experimental Biophysics; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Tilman Kottke
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Bielefeld Germany
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