151
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Meng F, Miao P, Wang B, Tang Y, Yin J. Identification of glutathione by voltammetric analysis with rolling circle amplification. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 943:58-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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152
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Mechanistic evaluation and transcriptional signature of a glutathione S-transferase omega 1 inhibitor. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13084. [PMID: 27703239 PMCID: PMC5059489 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1) is an atypical GST isoform that is overexpressed in several cancers and has been implicated in drug resistance. Currently, no small-molecule drug targeting GSTO1 is under clinical development. Here we show that silencing of GSTO1 with siRNA significantly impairs cancer cell viability, validating GSTO1 as a potential new target in oncology. We report on the development and characterization of a series of chloroacetamide-containing potent GSTO1 inhibitors. Co-crystal structures of GSTO1 with our inhibitors demonstrate covalent binding to the active site cysteine. These potent GSTO1 inhibitors suppress cancer cell growth, enhance the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin and inhibit tumour growth in colon cancer models as single agent. Bru-seq-based transcription profiling unravelled novel roles for GSTO1 in cholesterol metabolism, oxidative and endoplasmic stress responses, cytoskeleton and cell migration. Our findings demonstrate the therapeutic utility of GSTO1 inhibitors as anticancer agents and identify the novel cellular pathways under GSTO1 regulation in colorectal cancer. Glutathione S-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1) is an atypical GST isoform overexpressed in several cancers that has been implicated in drug resistance. Here the authors identify a small molecule inhibitor of GSTO1 that effectively inhibits tumor growth in colon cancer models, and establish its mechanism of action.
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153
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Guo Y, Cui JY, Lu H, Klaassen CD. Effect of nine diets on mRNAs of phase-II conjugation enzymes in livers of mice. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:645-654. [PMID: 27686132 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1213926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. Phase-II enzymes are important in metabolizing many xenobiotics including prescription drugs and chemical carcinogens. Whereas it is known that diet can alter the expression of phase-II conjugation enzymes, the previous studies are limited in using only two or three diets and examining only a few enzymes. 2. Adult male C57BL6 mice were fed one of nine diets for 3 weeks. Of the 87 genes encoding major hepatic phase-II enzymes, approximately one-half (43) were altered by at least one diet. Diet restriction altered the hepatic expression of the most genes encoding phase-II enzymes (27), followed by lab chow (15), atherogenic diet (13), high-fat diet (10), western diet (7), high-fructose diet (5), and essential fatty acid-deficient diet (3), whereas the low n-3 fatty acid diet had no effect on the hepatic expression of these phase-II enzymes. 3. This comprehensive study provides detailed information on which conjugation enzymes are changed by these diets, and these data can be used to further investigate the mechanism for these changes in messenger RNAs, and whether these changes result in alterations in enzyme activity and drug action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- a Department of Internal Medicine , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA.,b Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , P.R. China , and
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- a Department of Internal Medicine , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA
| | - Hong Lu
- a Department of Internal Medicine , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA.,c Department of Pharmacology , SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, NY , USA
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- a Department of Internal Medicine , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA
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154
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Bolton JL, Dunlap T. Formation and Biological Targets of Quinones: Cytotoxic versus Cytoprotective Effects. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 30:13-37. [PMID: 27617882 PMCID: PMC5241708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Quinones represent a class of toxicological intermediates, which can create a variety of hazardous effects in vivo including, acute cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and carcinogenesis. In contrast, quinones can induce cytoprotection through the induction of detoxification enzymes, anti-inflammatory activities, and modification of redox status. The mechanisms by which quinones cause these effects can be quite complex. The various biological targets of quinones depend on their rate and site of formation and their reactivity. Quinones are formed through a variety of mechanisms from simple oxidation of catechols/hydroquinones catalyzed by a variety of oxidative enzymes and metal ions to more complex mechanisms involving initial P450-catalyzed hydroxylation reactions followed by two-electron oxidation. Quinones are Michael acceptors, and modification of cellular processes could occur through alkylation of crucial cellular proteins and/or DNA. Alternatively, quinones are highly redox active molecules which can redox cycle with their semiquinone radical anions leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and ultimately the hydroxyl radical. Production of ROS can alter redox balance within cells through the formation of oxidized cellular macromolecules including lipids, proteins, and DNA. This perspective explores the varied biological targets of quinones including GSH, NADPH, protein sulfhydryls [heat shock proteins, P450s, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), glutathione S-transferase (GST), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, (NQO1), kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), IκB kinase (IKK), and arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR)], and DNA. The evidence strongly suggests that the numerous mechanisms of quinone modulations (i.e., alkylation versus oxidative stress) can be correlated with the known pathology/cytoprotection of the parent compound(s) that is best described by an inverse U-shaped dose-response curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy L Bolton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Tareisha Dunlap
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
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155
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Piscopo M, Ricciardiello M, Palumbo G, Troisi J. Selectivity of metal bioaccumulation and its relationship with glutathione S-transferase levels in gonadal and gill tissues of Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to Ni (II), Cu (II) and Cd (II). RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-016-0564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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156
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GSTP1 Methylation and Protein Expression in Prostate Cancer: Diagnostic Implications. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:4358292. [PMID: 27594734 PMCID: PMC4995330 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4358292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
GSTP1 belongs to the GSTs family, a group of enzymes involved in detoxification of exogenous substances and it also plays an important role in cell cycle regulation. Its dysregulation correlates with a large variety of tumors, in particular with prostate cancer. We investigated GSTP1 methylation status with methylation specific PCR (MS-PCR) in prostate cancer (PCa) and in benign tissue of 56 prostatectomies. We also performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) so as to correlate gene methylation with gene silencing. GSTP1 appears methylated in PCa and not in healthy tissue; IHC confirmed that methylation leads to protein underexpression (p < 0.001). GSTP1 is highly expressed in basal cell layer and luminal cells in benign glands while in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) it stains only basal cell layer, whereas PCa glands are completely negative. We demonstrated that methylation leads to underexpression of GSTP1. The progressive loss of GSTP1 expression from healthy glands to PIN and to PCa glands underlines its involvement in early carcinogenesis.
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157
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Gruber HE, Riley FE, Hoelscher GL, Ingram JA, Bullock L, Hanley EN. Human annulus progenitor cells: Analyses of this viable endogenous cell population. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:1351-60. [PMID: 27249627 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Back pain and intervertebral disc degeneration have growing socioeconomic/health care impacts. Increasing research efforts address use of stem and progenitor cell-based replacement therapies to repopulate and regenerate the disc. Data presented here on the innate human annulus progenitor cells: (i) assessed osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic potentials of cultured human annulus cells; and (ii) defined progenitor-cell related gene expression patterns. Verification of the presence of progenitor cells within primary human disc tissue also used immunohistochemical identification of cell surface markers and microarray analyses. Differentiation analysis in cell cultures demonstrated a viable progenitor cell pool within Thompson grades III-IV discs. Osteogenesis was present in 8 out of 11 cultures (73%), chondrogenesis in 8 of 11 (73%), and adipogenesis in 6 of 6 (100%). Immunolocalization was positive for CD29, CD44, CD105, and CD14 (mean values 80.2%, 81.5%, 85.1%, and 88.6%, respectively); localization of CD45 and CD34 was negative in disc tissue. Compared to controls, surgical discs showed significantly downregulated genes with recognized progenitor cell functions: TCF7L2 (2.7 fold), BMI1 (3.8 fold), FGF receptor 2 (2 fold), PAFAH1B1 (2.3 fold), and GSTP1 (9 fold). Compared to healthier grade I/II discs, grade III/IV discs showed significantly upregulated XRCC5 (3.6 fold), TCF7L2 (6 fold), GSTP1 (3.7 fold), and BMI1 (3 fold). Additional significant cell marker analyses showed expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha, CD90, CD73, and STRO-1. Statement of Clinical Significance: Findings provide the first identification of progenitor cells in annulus specimens from older, more degenerate discs (in contrast to earlier studies of healthier discs or nondegenerative specimens from teenagers). Findings also increase knowledge on progenitor cells present in the disc and suggest their value in potential future utilization for regeneration and disc cell therapy. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1351-1360, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Gruber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Calorina, 20226
| | - Frank E Riley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Calorina, 20226
| | - Gretchen L Hoelscher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Calorina, 20226
| | - Jane A Ingram
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Calorina, 20226
| | - Letitia Bullock
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Calorina, 20226
| | - Edward N Hanley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Calorina, 20226
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158
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Al-Qattan MN, Mordi MN, Mansor SM. Assembly of ligands interaction models for glutathione-S-transferases from Plasmodium falciparum, human and mouse using enzyme kinetics and molecular docking. Comput Biol Chem 2016; 64:237-249. [PMID: 27475235 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione-s-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes that principally catalyze the conjugation of electrophilic compounds to the endogenous nucleophilic glutathione substrate, besides, they have other non-catalytic functions. The Plasmodium falciparum genome encodes a single isoform of GST (PfGST) which is involved in buffering the toxic heme, thus considered a potential anti-malarial target. In mammals several classes of GSTs are available, each of various isoforms. The human (human GST Pi-1 or hGSTP1) and mouse (murine GST Mu-1 or mGSTM1) GST isoforms control cellular apoptosis by interaction with signaling proteins, thus considered as potential anti-cancer targets. In the course of GSTs inhibitors development, the models of ligands interactions with GSTs are used to guide rational molecular modification. In the absence of X-ray crystallographic data, enzyme kinetics and molecular docking experiments can aid in addressing ligands binding modes to the enzymes. METHODS Kinetic studies were used to investigate the interactions between the three GSTs and each of glutathione, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, cibacron blue, ethacrynic acid, S-hexyl glutathione, hemin and protoporphyrin IX. Since hemin displacement is intended for PfGST inhibitors, the interactions between hemin and other ligands at PfGST binding sites were studied kinetically. Computationally determined binding modes and energies were interlinked with the kinetic results to resolve enzymes-ligands interaction models at atomic level. RESULTS The results showed that hemin and cibacron blue have different binding modes in the three GSTs. Hemin has two binding sites (A and B) with two binding modes at site-A depending on presence of GSH. None of the ligands were able to compete hemin binding to PfGST except ethacrynic acid. Besides bind differently in GSTs, the isolated anthraquinone moiety of cibacron blue is not maintaining sufficient interactions with GSTs to be used as a lead. Similarly, the ethacrynic acid uses water bridges to mediate interactions with GSTs and at least the conjugated form of EA is the true hemin inhibitor, thus EA may not be a suitable lead. CONCLUSIONS Glutathione analogues with bulky substitution at thiol of cysteine moiety or at γ-amino group of γ-glutamine moiety may be the most suitable to provide GST inhibitors with hemin competition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohd Nizam Mordi
- Centre For Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Gelugor 11700 Penang, Malaysia
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159
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Weich N, Ferri C, Moiraghi B, Bengió R, Giere I, Pavlovsky C, Larripa IB, Fundia AF. GSTM1 and GSTP1, but not GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms are associated with chronic myeloid leukemia risk and treatment response. Cancer Epidemiol 2016; 44:16-21. [PMID: 27454607 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is associated to the BCR-ABL1 oncogene and can successfully be treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, it remains still under investigation which molecular factors may influence CML risk or varying responses to TKIs. The aim of this study was to assess the role of Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) genetic polymorphisms in CML susceptibility and TKI clinical outcome. MATERIALS Deletion polymorphisms in GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes and the single nucleotide polymorphism in GSTP1 c.319A>G (rs1695; p.105Ile>Val) were genotyped by PCR methods in 141 CML treated patients and 141 sex- and age-matched healthy individuals. RESULTS Individual analysis of each GST gene showed no association with CML risk. A trend toward significance (p=0.07) for a recessive model was found for GSTP1 (OR: 2.04; CI: 0.94-4.4). However, the combined analysis showed that GSTM1-null/GSTP1-GG as well as GSTT1-null/GSTP1-GG were associated with CML development (p=0.03; OR: 3.54 CI: 1.2-14.57; p=0.05; OR: 12.65; CI: 1.17-21.5). The relationship with treatment outcome showed that the presence of GSTM1 gene was significantly linked with an inferior rate of major molecular response (p=0.048) and poor event free-survival (EFS) (p=0.02). Furthermore, a group of patients with GSTP1-GG genotype were significantly associated with reduced EFS comparing to those carrying other GSTP1 genotypes (p=0.049). GSTP1-GG genotypes had short time to treatment failure in a group of patients unresponsive to TKIs comparing to other GSTP1 genotypes (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the significance of GSTM1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms on CML susceptibility and response to TKIs in the Argentinean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Weich
- Laboratorio de Genética Hematológica, IMEX, CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian Ferri
- Laboratorio de Genética Hematológica, IMEX, CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Moiraghi
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Raquel Bengió
- Departamento de Hemato-oncología, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Irene B Larripa
- Laboratorio de Genética Hematológica, IMEX, CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariela F Fundia
- Laboratorio de Genética Hematológica, IMEX, CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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160
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Fagegaltier D, Falciatori I, Czech B, Castel S, Perrimon N, Simcox A, Hannon GJ. Oncogenic transformation of Drosophila somatic cells induces a functional piRNA pathway. Genes Dev 2016; 30:1623-35. [PMID: 27474441 PMCID: PMC4973292 DOI: 10.1101/gad.284927.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Germline genes often become re-expressed in soma-derived human cancers as "cancer/testis antigens" (CTAs), and piRNA (PIWI-interacting RNA) pathway proteins are found among CTAs. However, whether and how the piRNA pathway contributes to oncogenesis in human neoplasms remain poorly understood. We found that oncogenic Ras combined with loss of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway reactivates a primary piRNA pathway in Drosophila somatic cells coincident with oncogenic transformation. In these cells, Piwi becomes loaded with piRNAs derived from annotated generative loci, which are normally restricted to either the germline or the somatic follicle cells. Negating the pathway leads to increases in the expression of a wide variety of transposons and also altered expression of some protein-coding genes. This correlates with a reduction in the proliferation of the transformed cells in culture, suggesting that, at least in this context, the piRNA pathway may play a functional role in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Fagegaltier
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - Ilaria Falciatori
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Czech
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Norbert Perrimon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Amanda Simcox
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Gregory J Hannon
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; The New York Genome Center, New York, New York 10011, USA
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161
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Tumer TB, Savranoglu S, Atmaca P, Terzioglu G, Sen A, Arslan S. Modulatory role of GSTM1 null genotype on the frequency of micronuclei in pesticide-exposed agricultural workers. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 32:1942-1951. [PMID: 26381689 DOI: 10.1177/0748233715599876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the extent of genotoxic risk and the association between null GSTM1/GSTT1 and GSTP1 Ile105Val variants and cellular DNA damage, as measured by micronucleus (MN) assay in a group of agricultural workers from Denizli, Turkey. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 116 subjects, including 58 workers who were occupationally exposed to pesticides and 58 healthy unexposed controls. The MN frequencies of each individual were assessed by cytokinesis-blocked micronuclei assays on lymphocytes. Genotypes for different GST variants were determined using polymerase chain reaction-based methods. A significant 3.4-fold increase in MN frequency was observed in workers compared with the controls ( p < 0.001). Among the GST genotypes, only the GSTM1 null genotype was found to be significantly associated with an increased MN frequency in workers ( p = 0.01). Individuals with a concomitant null GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype demonstrated a significant ( p = 0.01) increase in MN frequency compared with those with functional isozymes in the exposed worker group. The association of the GSTM1 null genotype with higher MN frequency suggests that it may be a modifier of genotoxic risk in individuals exposed to pesticides and may thus be a candidate susceptibility biomarker for human biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Boyunegmez Tumer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Seda Savranoglu
- Graduate Program of Biology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Pelin Atmaca
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Gulsum Terzioglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Alaattin Sen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Sevki Arslan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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162
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Chaurasia MK, Ravichandran G, Nizam F, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Arshad A, Harikrishnan R, Arockiaraj J. In-silico analysis and mRNA modulation of detoxification enzymes GST delta and kappa against various biotic and abiotic oxidative stressors. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 54:353-363. [PMID: 27109581 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the comprehensive comparative information of two different detoxification enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) delta and kappa from freshwater giant prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (designated as MrGSTD and MrGSTK) by investigating their in-silico characters and mRNA modulation against various biotic and abiotic oxidative stressors. The physico-chemical properties of these cDNA and their polypeptide structure were analyzed using various bioinformatics program. The analysis indicated the variation in size of the polypeptides, presence or absence of domains and motifs and structure. Homology and phylogenetic analysis revealed that MrGSTD shared maximum identity (83%) with crustaceans GST delta, whereas MrGSTK fell in arthropods GST kappa. It is interesting to note that MrGSTD and MrGSTK shared only 21% identity; it indicated their structural difference. Structural analysis indicated that MrGSTD to be canonical dimer like shape and MrGSTK appeared to be butterfly dimer like shape, in spite of four β-sheets being conserved in both GSTs. Tissue specific gene expression analysis showed that both MrGSTD and MrGSTK are highly expressed in immune organs such as haemocyte and hepatopancreas, respectively. To understand the role of mRNA modulation of MrGSTD and MrGSTK, the prawns were inducted with oxidative stressors such as bacteria (Vibrio harveyi), virus [white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)] and heavy metal, cadmium (Cd). The analysis revealed an interesting fact that both MrGSTD and MrGSTK showed higher (P < 0.05) up-regulation at 48 h post-challenge, except MrGSTD stressed with bacteria, where it showed up-regulation at 24 h post-challenge. Overall, the results suggested that GSTs are diverse in their structure and possibly conferring their potential involvement in immune protection in crustaceans. However, further study is necessary to focus their functional differences at proteomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Chaurasia
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gayathri Ravichandran
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Faizal Nizam
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziz Arshad
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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163
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Chen J, Zhou J, Wu J, Zhang G, Kang L, Ben J, Wang Y, Qin B, Guan H. Aberrant Epigenetic Alterations of Glutathione-S-Transferase P1 in Age-Related Nuclear Cataract. Curr Eye Res 2016; 42:402-410. [PMID: 27348130 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1185129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lihua Kang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jindong Ben
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bai Qin
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huaijin Guan
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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164
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Karabulut NP, Frishman D. Sequence- and Structure-Based Analysis of Tissue-Specific Phosphorylation Sites. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157896. [PMID: 27332813 PMCID: PMC4917084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation is the most widespread and well studied reversible posttranslational modification. Discovering tissue-specific preferences of phosphorylation sites is important as phosphorylation plays a role in regulating almost every cellular activity and disease state. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of global and tissue-specific sequence and structure properties of phosphorylation sites utilizing recent proteomics data. We identified tissue-specific motifs in both sequence and spatial environments of phosphorylation sites. Target site preferences of kinases across tissues indicate that, while many kinases mediate phosphorylation in all tissues, there are also kinases that exhibit more tissue-specific preferences which, notably, are not caused by tissue-specific kinase expression. We also demonstrate that many metabolic pathways are differentially regulated by phosphorylation in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Pinar Karabulut
- Department of Genome Oriented Bioinformatics, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Dmitrij Frishman
- Department of Genome Oriented Bioinformatics, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
- St Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St Petersburg, Russia
- * E-mail:
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165
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McMillan DH, van der Velden JL, Lahue KG, Qian X, Schneider RW, Iberg MS, Nolin JD, Abdalla S, Casey DT, Tew KD, Townsend DM, Henderson CJ, Wolf CR, Butnor KJ, Taatjes DJ, Budd RC, Irvin CG, van der Vliet A, Flemer S, Anathy V, Janssen-Heininger YM. Attenuation of lung fibrosis in mice with a clinically relevant inhibitor of glutathione- S-transferase π. JCI Insight 2016; 1:85717. [PMID: 27358914 PMCID: PMC4922427 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.85717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a debilitating lung disease characterized by excessive collagen production and fibrogenesis. Apoptosis in lung epithelial cells is critical in IPF pathogenesis, as heightened loss of these cells promotes fibroblast activation and remodeling. Changes in glutathione redox status have been reported in IPF patients. S-glutathionylation, the conjugation of glutathione to reactive cysteines, is catalyzed in part by glutathione-S-transferase π (GSTP). To date, no published information exists linking GSTP and IPF to our knowledge. We hypothesized that GSTP mediates lung fibrogenesis in part through FAS S-glutathionylation, a critical event in epithelial cell apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that GSTP immunoreactivity is increased in the lungs of IPF patients, notably within type II epithelial cells. The FAS-GSTP interaction was also increased in IPF lungs. Bleomycin- and AdTGFβ-induced increases in collagen content, α-SMA, FAS S-glutathionylation, and total protein S-glutathionylation were strongly attenuated in Gstp-/- mice. Oropharyngeal administration of the GSTP inhibitor, TLK117, at a time when fibrosis was already apparent, attenuated bleomycin- and AdTGFβ-induced remodeling, α-SMA, caspase activation, FAS S-glutathionylation, and total protein S-glutathionylation. GSTP is an important driver of protein S-glutathionylation and lung fibrosis, and GSTP inhibition via the airways may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. McMillan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Jos L.J. van der Velden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Karolyn G. Lahue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Xi Qian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Robert W. Schneider
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Martina S. Iberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - James D. Nolin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Sarah Abdalla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Dylan T. Casey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Danyelle M. Townsend
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Colin J. Henderson
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - C. Roland Wolf
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly J. Butnor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Douglas J. Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | | | | | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Stevenson Flemer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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166
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Electrochemical detection of glutathione based on Hg(2+)-mediated strand displacement reaction strategy. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:664-668. [PMID: 27240014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in numerous cellular functions, and the abnormal GSH expression is closely related with many dangerous human diseases. In this work, we have proposed a simple but sensitive electrochemical method for quantitative detection of GSH based on an Hg(2+)-mediated strand displacement reaction. Owing to the specific binding of Hg(2+) with T-T mismatches, helper DNA can bind to 3' terminal of probe DNA 1 and initiate the displacement of probe DNA 2 immobilized on an electrode surface. However, Hg(2+)-mediated strand displacement reaction can be inhibited by the chelation of GSH with Hg(2+), thereby leading to an obvious electrochemical response obtained from methylene blue that is modified onto the probe DNA. Our method can sensitively detect GSH in a wide linear range from 0.5nM to 5μM with a low detection limit of 0.14nM, which can also easily distinguish target molecules in complex serum samples and even cell extractions. Therefore, this method may have great potential to monitor GSH in the physiological and pathological condition in the future.
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167
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Louie SM, Grossman EA, Crawford LA, Ding L, Camarda R, Huffman TR, Miyamoto DK, Goga A, Weerapana E, Nomura DK. GSTP1 Is a Driver of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Metabolism and Pathogenicity. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:567-578. [PMID: 27185638 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancers possess fundamentally altered metabolism that fuels their pathogenicity. While many metabolic drivers of breast cancers have been identified, the metabolic pathways that mediate breast cancer malignancy and poor prognosis are less well understood. Here, we used a reactivity-based chemoproteomic platform to profile metabolic enzymes that are enriched in breast cancer cell types linked to poor prognosis, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and breast cancer cells that have undergone an epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like state of heightened malignancy. We identified glutathione S-transferase Pi 1 (GSTP1) as a novel TNBC target that controls cancer pathogenicity by regulating glycolytic and lipid metabolism, energetics, and oncogenic signaling pathways through a protein interaction that activates glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. We show that genetic or pharmacological inactivation of GSTP1 impairs cell survival and tumorigenesis in TNBC cells. We put forth GSTP1 inhibitors as a novel therapeutic strategy for combatting TNBCs through impairing key cancer metabolism and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Louie
- Departments of Chemistry and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Grossman
- Departments of Chemistry and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lisa A Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Lucky Ding
- Departments of Chemistry and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Roman Camarda
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tucker R Huffman
- Departments of Chemistry and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David K Miyamoto
- Departments of Chemistry and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andrei Goga
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Daniel K Nomura
- Departments of Chemistry and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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168
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Benhar M, Shytaj IL, Stamler JS, Savarino A. Dual targeting of the thioredoxin and glutathione systems in cancer and HIV. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1630-9. [PMID: 27135880 PMCID: PMC4855928 DOI: 10.1172/jci85339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the use of antioxidants for the treatment of cancer and HIV/AIDS has been proposed for decades, new insights gained from redox research have suggested a very different scenario. These new data show that the major cellular antioxidant systems, the thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione (GSH) systems, actually promote cancer growth and HIV infection, while suppressing an effective immune response. Mechanistically, these systems control both the redox- and NO-based pathways (nitroso-redox homeostasis), which subserve innate and cellular immune defenses. Dual inhibition of the Trx and GSH systems synergistically kills neoplastic cells in vitro and in mice and decreases resistance to anticancer therapy. Similarly, the population of HIV reservoir cells that constitutes the major barrier to a cure for AIDS is exquisitely redox sensitive and could be selectively targeted by Trx and GSH inhibitors. Trx and GSH inhibition may lead to a reprogramming of the immune response, tilting the balance between the immune system and cancer or HIV in favor of the former, allowing elimination of diseased cells. Thus, therapies based on silencing of the Trx and GSH pathways represent a promising approach for the cure of both cancer and AIDS and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Benhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Jonathan S. Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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169
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Genomic instability and cellular stress in organ biopsies and peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with colorectal cancer and predisposing pathologies. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14852-64. [PMID: 26046795 PMCID: PMC4558120 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and polyps, are common colorectal pathologies in western society and are risk factors for development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Genomic instability is a cancer hallmark and is connected to changes in chromosomal structure, often caused by double strand break formation (DSB), and aneuploidy. Cellular stress, may contribute to genomic instability. In colorectal biopsies and peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with IBD, polyps and CRC, we evaluated 1) genomic instability using the γH2AX assay as marker of DSB and micronuclei in mononuclear lymphocytes kept under cytodieresis inhibition, and 2) cellular stress through expression and cellular localization of glutathione-S-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1). Colon biopsies showed γH2AX increase starting from polyps, while lymphocytes already from IBD. Micronuclei frequency began to rise in lymphocytes of subjects with polyps, suggesting a systemic genomic instability condition. Colorectal tissues lost GSTO1 expression but increased nuclear localization with pathology progression. Lymphocytes did not change GSTO1 expression and localization until CRC formation, where enzyme expression was increased. We propose that the growing genomic instability found in our patients is connected with the alteration of cellular environment. Evaluation of genomic damage and cellular stress in colorectal pathologies may facilitate prevention and management of CRC.
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170
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Cuzzolin A, Sturlese M, Deganutti G, Salmaso V, Sabbadin D, Ciancetta A, Moro S. Deciphering the Complexity of Ligand–Protein Recognition Pathways Using Supervised Molecular Dynamics (SuMD) Simulations. J Chem Inf Model 2016; 56:687-705. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cuzzolin
- Molecular
Modeling Section
(MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Sturlese
- Molecular
Modeling Section
(MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Deganutti
- Molecular
Modeling Section
(MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- Molecular
Modeling Section
(MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Sabbadin
- Molecular
Modeling Section
(MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Ciancetta
- Molecular
Modeling Section
(MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular
Modeling Section
(MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, Padova, Italy
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171
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Zhang SM, Loker ES, Sullivan JT. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns activate expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, immunity and detoxification in the amebocyte-producing organ of the snail Biomphalaria glabrata. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 56:25-36. [PMID: 26592964 PMCID: PMC5335875 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The anterior pericardial wall of the snail Biomphalaria glabrata has been identified as a site of hemocyte production, hence has been named the amebocyte-producing organ (APO). A number of studies have shown that exogenous abiotic and biotic substances, including pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), are able to stimulate APO mitotic activity and/or enlarge its size, implying a role for the APO in innate immunity. The molecular mechanisms underlying such responses have not yet been explored, in part due to the difficulty in obtaining sufficient APO tissue for gene expression studies. By using a modified RNA extraction technique and microarray technology, we investigated transcriptomic responses of APOs dissected from snails at 24 h post-injection with two bacterial PAMPs, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PGN), or with fucoidan (FCN), which may mimic fucosyl-rich glycan PAMPs on sporocysts of Schistosoma mansoni. Based upon the number of genes differentially expressed, LPS exhibited the strongest activity, relative to saline-injected controls. A concurrent activation of genes involved in cell proliferation, immune response and detoxification metabolism was observed. A gene encoding checkpoint 1 kinase, a key regulator of mitosis, was highly expressed after stimulation by LPS. Also, seven different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases that play an essential role in protein synthesis were found to be highly expressed. In addition to stimulating genes involved in cell proliferation, the injected substances, especially LPS, also induced expression of a number of immune-related genes including arginase, peptidoglycan recognition protein short form, tumor necrosis factor receptor, ficolin, calmodulin, bacterial permeability increasing proteins and E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Importantly, significant up-regulation was observed in four GiMAP (GTPase of immunity-associated protein) genes, a result which provides the first evidence suggesting an immune role of GiMAP in protostome animals. Moreover, altered expression of genes encoding cytochrome P450, glutathione-S-transferase, multiple drug resistance protein as well as a large number of genes encoding enzymes associated with degradation and detoxification metabolism was elicited in response to the injected substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ming Zhang
- Center for Evolutionarily and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Eric S Loker
- Center for Evolutionarily and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Parasite Division, Museum of Southwestern Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - John T Sullivan
- Department of Biology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
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172
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Mian OY, Khattab MH, Hedayati M, Coulter J, Abubaker-Sharif B, Schwaninger JM, Veeraswamy RK, Brooks JD, Hopkins L, Shinohara DB, Cornblatt B, Nelson WG, Yegnasubramanian S, DeWeese TL. GSTP1 Loss results in accumulation of oxidative DNA base damage and promotes prostate cancer cell survival following exposure to protracted oxidative stress. Prostate 2016; 76:199-206. [PMID: 26447830 PMCID: PMC4734373 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic silencing of glutathione S-transferase π (GSTP1) is a hallmark of transformation from normal prostatic epithelium to adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The functional significance of this loss is incompletely understood. The present study explores the effects of restored GSTP1 expression on glutathione levels, accumulation of oxidative DNA damage, and prostate cancer cell survival following oxidative stress induced by protracted, low dose rate ionizing radiation (LDR). METHODS GSTP1 protein expression was stably restored in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. The effect of GSTP1 restoration on protracted LDR-induced oxidative DNA damage was measured by GC-MS quantitation of modified bases. Reduced and oxidized glutathione levels were measured in control and GSTP1 expressing populations. Clonogenic survival studies of GSTP1- transfected LNCaP cells after exposure to protracted LDR were performed. Global gene expression profiling and pathway analysis were performed. RESULTS GSTP1 expressing cells accumulated less oxidized DNA base damage and exhibited decreased survival compared to control LNCaP-Neo cells following oxidative injury induced by protracted LDR. Restoration of GSTP1 expression resulted in changes in modified glutathione levels that correlated with GSTP1 protein levels in response to protracted LDR-induced oxidative stress. Survival differences were not attributable to depletion of cellular glutathione stores. Gene expression profiling and pathway analysis following GSTP1 restoration suggests this protein plays a key role in regulating prostate cancer cell survival. CONCLUSIONS The ubiquitous epigenetic silencing of GSTP1 in prostate cancer results in enhanced survival and accumulation of potentially promutagenic DNA adducts following exposure of cells to protracted oxidative injury suggesting a protective, anti-neoplastic function of GSTP1. The present work provides mechanistic backing to the tumor suppressor function of GSTP1 and its role in prostate carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Y. Mian
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mohamed H. Khattab
- School of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mohammad Hedayati
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan Coulter
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Budri Abubaker-Sharif
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
- School of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - James D. Brooks
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Lisa Hopkins
- St. Peters University Hospital Breast Center in New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Debika Biswal Shinohara
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - William G. Nelson
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- School of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Theodore L. DeWeese
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
- School of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
- Correspondence to: Theodore L. DeWeese, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-5678.
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173
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Schadich E, Hlaváč J, Volná T, Varanasi L, Hajdúch M, Džubák P. Effects of Ginger Phenylpropanoids and Quercetin on Nrf2-ARE Pathway in Human BJ Fibroblasts and HaCaT Keratinocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2173275. [PMID: 26942188 PMCID: PMC4749771 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2173275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin and phenylpropanoids are well known chemoprotective compounds identified in many plants. This study was aimed at determining their effects on activation of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant response element (Nrf2-ARE) signalling pathway and expression of its important downstream effector phase II detoxification enzyme glutathione-S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) in BJ foreskin fibroblasts and skin HaCaT keratinocytes. Cell lines and their corresponding Nrf2-ARE luciferase reporter cells were treated by ginger phenylpropanoids and quercetin for 10 h and the level of Nrf2 activity was subsequently determined. Both, ginger phenylpropanoids and quercetin, significantly increased the level of Nrf2 activity. Subsequent western blot analyses of proteins showed the increased expression level of glutathione-S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) in BJ cells but not in HaCaT cells. Such phenomenon of unresponsive downstream target expression in HaCaT cells was consistent with previous studies showing a constitutive expression of their GSTP1. Thus, while both ginger phenylpropanoids and quercetin have the property of increasing the level of Nrf2 both in HaCaT and in BJ cells, their effects on its downstream signalling were mediated only in BJ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermin Schadich
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hlaváč
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Volná
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lakshman Varanasi
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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174
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Burke MT, Isbel N, Barraclough KA, Jung JW, Wells JW, Staatz CE. Genetics and nonmelanoma skin cancer in kidney transplant recipients. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 16:161-72. [PMID: 25616102 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) have a 65- to 250-fold greater risk than the general population of developing nonmelanoma skin cancer. Immunosuppressive drugs combined with traditional risk factors such as UV radiation exposure are the main modifiable risk factors for skin cancer development in transplant recipients. Genetic variation affecting immunosuppressive drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics has been associated with other transplant complications and may contribute to differences in skin cancer rates between KTRs. Genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding the prednisolone receptor, GST enzyme, MC1R, MTHFR enzyme and COX-2 enzyme have been shown to increase the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer in KTRs. Genetic association studies may improve our understanding of how genetic variation affects skin cancer risk and potentially guide immunosuppressive treatment and skin cancer screening in at risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Burke
- Department of Nephrology, University of Queensland at the Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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175
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Turk S, Kulaksiz Erkmen G, Dalmizrak O, Ogus IH, Ozer N. Purification of Glutathione S-Transferase pi from Erythrocytes and Evaluation of the Inhibitory Effect of Hypericin. Protein J 2015; 34:434-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-015-9638-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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176
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Usarek E, Graboń W, Kaźmierczak B, Barańczyk-Kuźma A. Targeting the expression of glutathione- and sulfate-dependent detoxification enzymes in HepG2 cells by oxygen in minimal and amino acid enriched medium. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 100:82-6. [PMID: 26599691 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit specific metabolism allowing them to survive and proliferate in various oxygen conditions and nutrients' availability. Hepatocytes are highly active metabolically and thus very sensitive to hypoxia. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of oxygen on the expression of phase II detoxification enzymes in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) cultured in minimal and rich media (with nonessential amino acids and GSH). The cells were cultured at 1% hypoxia, 10% tissue normoxia, and 21% atmospheric normoxia. The total cell count was determined by trypan blue exclusion dye and the expression on mRNA level by RT-PCR. The result indicated that the expression of glutathione-dependent enzymes (GSTA, M, P, and GPX2) was sensitive to oxygen and medium type. At 1% hypoxia the enzyme expression (with the exception of GSTA) was higher in minimal compared to rich medium, whereas at 10% normoxia it was higher in the rich medium. The expression was oxygen-dependent in both types of medium. Among phenol sulfotransferase SULT1A1 was not sensitive to studied factors, whereas the expression of SULT1A3 was depended on oxygen only in minimal medium. It can be concluded that in HepG2 cells, the detoxification by conjugation with glutathione and, to a lower extent with sulfate, may be affected by hypoxia and/or limited nutrients' availability. Besides, because the data obtained at 10% oxygen significantly differ from those at 21%, the comparative studies on hypoxia should be performed in relation to 10% but not 21% oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Usarek
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Graboń
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Kaźmierczak
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Barańczyk-Kuźma
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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177
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Lee SK, Lee DR, Choi BK, Palaniyandi SA, Yang SH, Suh JW. Glutathione S-transferase pi (GST-pi) inhibition and anti-inflammation activity of the ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp. strain MJM 8637. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 22:744-51. [PMID: 26587003 PMCID: PMC4625359 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the anti-cancer properties of soil-borne actinobacteria, MJM 8637, the glutathione S-transferase pi (GST-pi) assay, anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α assay, the level of antioxidant potential by DPPH radical scavenging activity, NO scavenging activity, and ABTS radical scavenging activity in ethyl acetate extract were determined. The 16S rDNA sequencing analysis revealed that Streptomyces sp. strain MJM 8637, which was isolated from Hambak Mountain, Korea, has 99.5% similarity to Streptomyces atratus strain NBRC 3897. The physiological and the morphological characteristics of the strain MJM 8637 were also identified. The ethyl acetate extract of MJM 8637 inhibited TNF-α production approximately 61.8% at concentration 100 μg/ml. The IC50 value of the strain MJM 8637 extract on GST-pi was identified to be 120.2 ± 1.6 μg/ml. In DPPH, NO, and ABTS radical scavenging assays, the IC50 values of the strain MJM 8637 extract were found to be 977.2 μg/ml, 1143.7 μg/ml, and 454.4 μg/ml, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of the strain MJM 8637 showed 97.2 ± 1.3% of cell viability at 100 μg/ml in RAW 264.7 cell viability assay. The results obtained from this study suggest that the ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp. strain MJM 8637 could be considered as a potential source of drug for the cancers that have multidrug resistance with its GST-pi inhibition and anti-inflammation activities, and low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Kwon Lee
- Center for Neutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ryung Lee
- Center for Neutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea ; Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Keun Choi
- Center for Neutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sasikumar Arunachalam Palaniyandi
- Center for Neutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea ; Interdisciplinary Program of Biomodulation, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Center for Neutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea ; Interdisciplinary Program of Biomodulation, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Won Suh
- Center for Neutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea ; Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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178
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You BR, Park WH. Auranofin induces mesothelioma cell death through oxidative stress and GSH depletion. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:546-51. [PMID: 26530353 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma is an aggressive tumor associated with asbestos exposure. Auranofin as an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) affects many biological processes such as inflammation and proliferation. In the present study, we investigated the cellular effects of auranofin on patient-derived mesothelioma cells in relation to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels. Basal TrxR1 levels have no difference between mesothelial cells and certain mesothelioma cells. In particular, ADA, CON and Hmeso mesothelioma cells showed lower levels of TrxR1 expression. Auranofin inhibited the proliferation of mesothelioma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Among mesothelioma cells were ADA and CON cells sensitive to auranofin. This agent also induced caspase-independent apoptosis and necrosis in ADA cells. In addition, auranofin increased ROS levels including O2(•-) and induced GSH depletion in mesothelioma cells. While N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) prevented cell death and decreased ROS levels in auranofin-treated mesothelioma cells, L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) intensified apoptosis and GSH depletion in these cells. In conclusion, auranofin induced mesothelioma cell death through oxidative stress and the death was regulated by the status of GSH content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ra You
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561‑180, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Park
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561‑180, Republic of Korea
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179
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Curcumin inhibits development and cell adhesion in Dictyostelium discoideum: Implications for YakA signaling and GST enzyme function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:275-81. [PMID: 26449461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The molecular basis for nutraceutical properties of the polyphenol curcumin (Curcuma longa, Turmeric) is complex, affecting multiple factors that regulate cell signaling and homeostasis. Here, we report the effect of curcumin on cellular and developmental mechanisms in the eukaryotic model, Dictyostelium discoideum. Dictyostelium proliferation was inhibited in the presence of curcumin, which also suppressed the prestarvation marker, discoidin I, members of the yakA-mediated developmental signaling pathway, and expression of the extracellular matrix/cell adhesion proteins (DdCAD and csA). This resulted in delayed chemotaxis, adhesion, and development of the organism. In contrast to the inhibitory effects on developmental genes, curcumin induced gstA gene expression, overall GST activity, and generated production of reactive oxygen species. These studies expand our knowledge of developmental and biochemical signaling influenced by curcumin, and lends greater consideration of GST enzyme function in eukaryotic cell signaling, development, and differentiation.
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180
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Gomez GVB, de Oliveira C, Rinck-Junior JA, de Moraes AM, Lourenço GJ, Lima CSP. XPC (A2920C), XPF (T30028C), TP53 (Arg72Pro), and GSTP1 (Ile105Val) polymorphisms in prognosis of cutaneous melanoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3163-71. [PMID: 26427666 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate whether XPC A2920C, XPF T30028C, TP53 Arg72Pro, and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphisms alter outcomes of cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients. DNA from 237 CM patients seen at the University of Campinas Teaching Hospital from April 2000 to February 2014 was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism assays. The prognostic impact of genotypes of polymorphisms on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of CM patients were examined using the Kaplan-Meier probability estimates and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. At 60 months of follow-up, shorter PFS and OS were seen in patients with XPF CC genotype (48.9 vs. 66.7 %, P = 0.002; 77.9 vs. 83.5 %, P = 0.006, respectively) and XPF CC + TP53 ArgArg (43.6 vs. 65.9 %, P = 0.007; 71.6 vs. 84.8 %, P = 0.006, respectively) compared with those with remaining genotypes (Kaplan-Meier estimates). Patients with XPF CC (hazard ratio (HR) 2.45, P = 0.002; HR 3.77, P = 0.005) and XPF CC + TP53 ArgArg (HR 2.67, P = 0.009; HR 4.04, P = 0.03) genotypes had more chance to present tumor progression in univariate and multivariate analyses, whereas patients with XPF CC (HR 2.78, P = 0.009) and XPF CC + TP53 ArgArg (HR 3.84, P = 0.01) genotypes were under greater risk of progressing to death in univariate analysis, compared with those with the remaining genotypes. The data suggest, for the first time, that inherited abnormalities in DNA repair pathway related to XPF 30028C and TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphisms act as prognostic factors for PFS and OS of CM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Vilas Bôas Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Alexander Fleming, 181, Barão Geraldo, São Paulo, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cristiane de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Alexander Fleming, 181, Barão Geraldo, São Paulo, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Augusto Rinck-Junior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Alexander Fleming, 181, Barão Geraldo, São Paulo, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Aparecida Machado de Moraes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Alexander Fleming, 181, Barão Geraldo, São Paulo, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Jacob Lourenço
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Alexander Fleming, 181, Barão Geraldo, São Paulo, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carmen Silvia Passos Lima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Alexander Fleming, 181, Barão Geraldo, São Paulo, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil.
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181
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Cebula M, Schmidt EE, Arnér ESJ. TrxR1 as a potent regulator of the Nrf2-Keap1 response system. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:823-53. [PMID: 26058897 PMCID: PMC4589110 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE All cells must maintain a balance between oxidants and reductants, while allowing for fluctuations in redox states triggered by signaling, altered metabolic flow, or extracellular stimuli. Furthermore, they must be able to rapidly sense and react to various challenges that would disrupt the redox homeostasis. RECENT ADVANCES Many studies have identified Keap1 as a key sensor for oxidative or electrophilic stress, with modification of Keap1 by oxidation or electrophiles triggering Nrf2-mediated transcriptional induction of enzymes supporting reductive and detoxification pathways. However, additional mechanisms for Nrf2 regulation are likely to exist upstream of, or in parallel with, Keap1. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we propose that the mammalian selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) is a potent regulator of Nrf2. A high chemical reactivity of TrxR1 and its vital role for the thioredoxin (Trx) system distinguishes TrxR1 as a prime target for electrophilic challenges. Chemical modification of the selenocysteine (Sec) in TrxR1 by electrophiles leads to rapid inhibition of thioredoxin disulfide reductase activity, often combined with induction of NADPH oxidase activity of the derivatized enzyme, thereby affecting many downstream redox pathways. The notion of TrxR1 as a regulator of Nrf2 is supported by many publications on effects in human cells of selenium deficiency, oxidative stress or electrophile exposure, as well as the phenotypes of genetic mouse models. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Investigation of the role of TrxR1 as a regulator of Nrf2 activation will facilitate further studies of redox control in diverse cells and tissues of mammals, and possibly also in animals of other classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Cebula
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edward E Schmidt
- 2 Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University , Bozeman, Montana
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
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182
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Matthus E, Wu LB, Ueda Y, Höller S, Becker M, Frei M. Loci, genes, and mechanisms associated with tolerance to ferrous iron toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2015; 128:2085-98. [PMID: 26152574 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A genome-wide association study in rice yielded loci and candidate genes associated with tolerance to iron toxicity, and revealed biochemical mechanisms associated with tolerance in contrasting haplotypes. Iron toxicity is a major nutrient disorder affecting rice. Therefore, understanding the genetic and physiological mechanisms associated with iron toxicity tolerance is crucial in adaptive breeding and biofortification. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) by exposing a population of 329 accessions representing all subgroups of rice to ferrous iron stress (1000 ppm, 5 days). Expression patterns and sequence polymorphisms of candidate genes were investigated, and physiological hypotheses related to candidate loci were tested using a subset of contrasting haplotypes. Both iron including and excluding tolerant genotypes were observed, and shoot iron concentrations explained around 15.5 % of the variation in foliar symptom formation. GWAS for seven traits yielded 20 SNP markers exceeding a significance threshold of -log10 P > 4.0, which represented 18 distinct loci. One locus mapped for foliar symptom formation on chromosome 1 contained two putative glutathione-S-transferases, which were strongly expressed under iron stress and showed sequence polymorphisms in complete linkage disequilibrium with the most significant SNP. Contrasting haplotypes for this locus showed significant differences in dehydroascorbate reductase activity, which affected the plants' redox status under iron stress. We conclude that maintaining foliar redox homeostasis under iron stress represented an important tolerance mechanism associated with a locus identified through GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Matthus
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) - Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Straße 13, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Lin-Bo Wu
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) - Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Straße 13, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Yoshiaki Ueda
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) - Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Straße 13, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Stefanie Höller
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) - Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Straße 13, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Mathias Becker
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) - Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Straße 13, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Michael Frei
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) - Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Straße 13, Bonn, 53115, Germany.
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183
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Lin CH, Lin XX, Lin L, Wang JM, Lin ZX, Lin JM. Development of LC–MS method for analysis of paclitaxel-inhibited growth and enhanced therapeutic response in human glioblastoma cells. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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184
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Okamura T, Antoun G, Keir ST, Friedman H, Bigner DD, Ali-Osman F. Phosphorylation of Glutathione S-Transferase P1 (GSTP1) by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Promotes Formation of the GSTP1-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) Complex and Suppresses JNK Downstream Signaling and Apoptosis in Brain Tumor Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30866-78. [PMID: 26429914 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.656140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Under normal physiologic conditions, the glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) protein exists intracellularly as a dimer in reversible equilibrium with its monomeric subunits. In the latter form, GSTP1 binds to the mitogen-activated protein kinase, JNK, and inhibits JNK downstream signaling. In tumor cells, which frequently are characterized by constitutively high GSTP1 expression, GSTP1 undergoes phosphorylation by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at tyrosine residues 3, 7, and 198. Here we report on the effect of this EGFR-dependent GSTP1 tyrosine phosphorylation on the interaction of GSTP1 with JNK, on the regulation of JNK downstream signaling by GSTP1, and on tumor cell survival. Using in vitro and in vivo growing human brain tumors, we show that tyrosine phosphorylation shifts the GSTP1 dimer-monomer equilibrium to the monomeric state and facilitates the formation of the GSTP1-JNK complex, in which JNK is functionally inhibited. Targeted mutagenesis and functional analysis demonstrated that the increased GSTP1 binding to JNK results from phosphorylation of the GSTP1 C-terminal Tyr-198 by EGFR and is associated with a >2.5-fold decrease in JNK downstream signaling and a significant suppression of both spontaneous and drug-induced apoptosis in the tumor cells. The findings define a novel mechanism of regulatory control of JNK signaling that is mediated by the EGFR/GSTP1 cross-talk and provides a survival advantage for tumors with activated EGFR and high GSTP1 expression. The results lay the foundation for a novel strategy of dual EGFR/GSTP1 for treating EGFR+ve, GSTP1 expressing GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen T Keir
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center
| | - Henry Friedman
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke Cancer Institute and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Darell D Bigner
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke Cancer Institute and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710 Pathology and
| | - Francis Ali-Osman
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke Cancer Institute and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710 Pathology and
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185
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Huang YC, Huang HL, Yeh CN, Lin KJ, Yu CS. Investigation of brain tumors using (18)F-fluorobutyl ethacrynic amide and its metabolite with positron emission tomography. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:1877-85. [PMID: 26244025 PMCID: PMC4521672 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s78404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, imaging of malignant glioma remains challenging. In positron emission tomography-related diagnostic imaging, differential tumor uptake of 3′-deoxy-3′-[18F] fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) has been shown to reflect the levels of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. However, additional biomarkers for tumors are urgently required. Aberrant levels of glutathione transferase (GST) activity have been hypothesized to constitute such a novel diagnostic marker. Here, a C6 rat glioma tumor model was used to assess the ability of the positron emission tomography tracers, [18F]FLT and 18F-fluorobutyl ethacrynic amide ([18F]FBuEA), to indicate reactive oxygen species-induced stress responses as well as detoxification-related processes in tumors. Using a GST activity assay, we were able to demonstrate that FBuEA is more readily catalyzed by GST-π than by GST-α. Furthermore, we showed that FBuEA-GS, a metabolite of FBuEA, elicits greater cytotoxicity in tumor cells than in normal fibroblast cells. Finally, in vitro and in vivo investigation of radiotracer distribution of [18F]FBuEA and [18F] FBuEA-GS revealed preferential accumulation in C6 glioma tumor cells over normal fibroblast cells for [18F]FBuEA-GS but not for [18F]FBuEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Lien Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ju Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shan Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan ; Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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186
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Aly MRE, Gobouri AA, Abdel Hafez SH, Saad HA. Synthesis, reactions, and biological activity of some triazine derivatives containing sulfa drug moieties. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162015040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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187
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Tesei D, Marzban G, Marchetti-Deschmann M, Tafer H, Arcalis E, Sterflinger K. Proteome of tolerance fine-tuning in the human pathogen black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis. J Proteomics 2015; 128:39-57. [PMID: 26189359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis is a worldwide distributed agent of primary and secondary diseases in both immunocompromised and healthy humans, with a high prevalence in human-made environments. Since thermo-tolerance has a crucial role in the fungus persistence in man-dominated habitat and in its pathogenicity, three incubation temperatures (37, 45, 1 °C) and two time spans (1 h, 1 week) were selected to simulate different environmental conditions and to investigate the effect of temperature on the proteome of E. dermatitidis CBS 525.76. Using a novel protocol for protein extraction from black yeasts, 2-D DIGE could be applied for characterization of changes in total protein spot abundance among the experimental conditions. A total of 32 variable proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Data about protein functions, localization and pathways were also obtained. A typical stress response under non-optimal temperature could not be observed at the proteome level, whereas a reduction of the metabolic activity, mostly concerning processes as the general carbon metabolism, was detected after exposure to cold. These results suggest that a fine protein modulation takes place following temperature treatment and a repertoire of stable protein might be at the base of E. dermatitidis adaptation to altered growth conditions. SIGNIFICANCE E. dermatitidis is a pathogenic black yeast causing neurotropic infections, systemic and subcutaneous disease in a wide range of hosts, including humans. The discovery of the fungus high prevalence in man-made habitats, including sauna facilities, drinking water and dishwashers, generated concern and raised questions about the infection route. In the present work - which is the first contribution on E. dermatitidis proteome - the effect of different temperature conditions on the fungus protein pattern have been analyzed by using a gel-based approach and the temperature responsive proteins have been identified. The absence of a typical stress response following the exposure to non-optimal temperature was detected at the proteome level, along with a general reduction of the metabolic activity after exposure to cold. These results suggest that a very fine regulation of the protein expression as well as adaptations involving a basic set of stable proteins may be at the base of E. dermatitidis enormous ecological plasticity, which plays a role in the fungus distribution, also enabling the transition from natural to human habitat and to the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Tesei
- VIBT Extremophile Center, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gorji Marzban
- Plant Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Marchetti-Deschmann
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-IAC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hakim Tafer
- VIBT Extremophile Center, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elsa Arcalis
- Institute for Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katja Sterflinger
- VIBT Extremophile Center, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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188
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Pan XD, Yang ZP, Tang QL, Peng T, Zhang ZB, Zhou SG, Wang GX, He B, Zang LQ. Expression and function of GSTA1 in lung cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:8631-5. [PMID: 25374180 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.20.8631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) appears to be primarily involved in detoxification processes, but possible roles in lung cancer remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and function of GSTA1 in lung cancer cells. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed to assess expression in cancer cell lines and the normal lung cells, then verify the A549 cells line with stable overexpression. Localization of GSTA1 proteins was assessed by cytoimmunofluorescence. Three double-strand DNA oligoRNAs (SiRNAs) were synthesized prior to being transfected into A549 cells with Lipofectamine 2000, and then the most efficient SiRNA was selected. Expression of the GSTA1 gene in the transfected cells was determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting. The viability of the transfected cells were assessed by MTT. Results showed that the mRNA and protein expression of A549 cancer cells was higher than in MRC-5 normal cells. Cytoimmunofluorescence demonstrated GSTA1 localization in the cell cytoplasm and/or membranes. Transfection into A549 cells demonstrated that down-regulated expression could inhibit cell viability. Our data indicated that GSTA1 expression may be a target molecule in early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Diao Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Guang dong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou, China E-mail :
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189
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KIM AREUMDASEUL, ZHANG RUI, HAN XIA, KANG KYOUNGAH, PIAO MEIJING, MAENG YOUNGHEE, CHANG WEONYOUNG, HYUN JINWON. Involvement of glutathione and glutathione metabolizing enzymes in human colorectal cancer cell lines and tissues. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4314-4319. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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190
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Thiazolides promote apoptosis in colorectal tumor cells via MAP kinase-induced Bim and Puma activation. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1778. [PMID: 26043078 PMCID: PMC4669824 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While many anticancer therapies aim to target the death of tumor cells, sophisticated resistance mechanisms in the tumor cells prevent cell death induction. In particular enzymes of the glutathion-S-transferase (GST) family represent a well-known detoxification mechanism, which limit the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs in tumor cells. Specifically, GST of the class P1 (GSTP1-1) is overexpressed in colorectal tumor cells and renders them resistant to various drugs. Thus, GSTP1-1 has become an important therapeutic target. We have recently shown that thiazolides, a novel class of anti-infectious drugs, induce apoptosis in colorectal tumor cells in a GSTP1-1-dependent manner, thereby bypassing this GSTP1-1-mediated drug resistance. In this study we investigated in detail the underlying mechanism of thiazolide-induced apoptosis induction in colorectal tumor cells. Thiazolides induce the activation of p38 and Jun kinase, which is required for thiazolide-induced cell death. Activation of these MAP kinases results in increased expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homologs Bim and Puma, which inducibly bind and sequester Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL leading to the induction of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Of interest, while an increase in intracellular glutathione levels resulted in increased resistance to cisplatin, it sensitized colorectal tumor cells to thiazolide-induced apoptosis by promoting increased Jun kinase activation and Bim induction. Thus, thiazolides may represent an interesting novel class of anti-tumor agents by specifically targeting tumor resistance mechanisms, such as GSTP1-1.
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191
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Ramm C, Wachholtz M, Amundsen K, Donze T, Heng-Moss T, Twigg P, Palmer NA, Sarath G, Baxendale F. Transcriptional Profiling of Resistant and Susceptible Buffalograsses in Response to Blissus occiduus (Hemiptera: Blissidae) Feeding. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:1354-62. [PMID: 26470264 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding plant resistance mechanisms at a molecular level would provide valuable insights into the biological pathways impacted by insect feeding, and help explain specific plant tolerance mechanisms. As a first step in this process, we conducted next-generation sequencing using RNA extracted from chinch bug-tolerant and -susceptible buffalograss genotypes at 7 and 14 d after chinch bug feeding. Sequence descriptions and gene ontology terms were assigned to 1,701 differentially expressed genes. Defense-related transcripts were differentially expressed within the chinch bug-tolerant buffalograss, Prestige, and susceptible buffalograss, 378. Interestingly, four peroxidase transcripts had higher basal expression in tolerant control plants compared with susceptible control plants. Defense-related transcripts, including two peroxidase genes, two catalase genes, several cytochrome P450 transcripts, a glutathione s-transferase, and a WRKY gene were upregulated within the Prestige transcriptome in response to chinch bug feeding. The majority of observed transcripts with oxidoreductase activity, including nine peroxidase genes and a catalase gene, were downregulated in 378 in response to initial chinch bug feeding. The observed difference in transcript expression between these two buffalograss genotypes provides insight into the mechanism(s) of resistance, specifically buffalograss tolerance to chinch bug feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Ramm
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | | | - Keenan Amundsen
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Teresa Donze
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Tiffany Heng-Moss
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583.
| | - Paul Twigg
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska, Kearney, NE 68449
| | - Nathan A Palmer
- Grain, Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit, USDA-ARS & Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Gautam Sarath
- Grain, Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit, USDA-ARS & Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Fred Baxendale
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
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192
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Nagy T, Kovács V, Hardi P, Veres TG, Takács I, Jancsó G, Sinay L, Fazekas G, Pintér Ö, Arató E. Inhibition of Glutathione S-Transferase by Ethacrynic Acid Augments Ischemia-Reperfusion Damage and Apoptosis and Attenuates the Positive Effect of Ischemic Postconditioning in a Bilateral Acute Hindlimb Ischemia Rat Model. J Vasc Res 2015; 52:53-61. [PMID: 26045187 DOI: 10.1159/000381984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We studied the effects of the inhibition of the endogene antioxidant glutathione-S-transferase (GST) by ethacrynic acid (EA) on ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and postconditioning (PC) in the lower extremities. We aimed to examine the oxidative stress parameters (OSP), inflammatory response and activation of proapoptotic signaling proteins (PSP) after revascularization surgery. METHODS Sixty Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: control, IR, PC, EA-control, IR and administration of EA (IR/EA) and PC and administration of EA (PC/EA). The IR, PC, IR/EA and PC/EA groups underwent 60 min of infrarenal aortic cross-clamping. After that, PC was performed in the PC and PC/EA groups. In 3 of the groups, the animals were treated with EA (EA-control, IR/EA and PC/EA groups) as well. The ischemia was followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Blood samples and biopsy specimens were collected from the quadriceps muscle. Plasma malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, thiol/sulfhydryl group levels, TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations and superoxide-dismutase enzyme activity were measured. RESULTS The levels of the OSP and the inflammatory proteins were higher in the EA-administered groups. The ratio of phosphorylated PSP was higher in the EA-administered groups and the protective effect of PC did not develop. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of GST by EA augmented the IR damage. GST inhibition was associated with a different activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases and the PSP, regulating these pathways in the process of apoptosis and PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Nagy
- Departments of Surgical Research and Techniques, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Passaia G, Margis-Pinheiro M. Glutathione peroxidases as redox sensor proteins in plant cells. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 234:22-6. [PMID: 25804806 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases are thiol-based enzymes that catalyze the reduction of H2O2 and hydroperoxides to H2O or alcohols, they mitigate the toxicity of these compounds to the cell mainly using thioredoxin as an electron donor. Additionally, certain redox sensor and signaling functions are being ascribed to these enzymes in prokaryotes, fungi, and plants. We review the evolutionary history, enzymatic and biochemical evidence that make GPX proteins, in addition to being peroxiredoxins, important candidates for acting as redox sensor proteins in plants: (i) the lower peroxidase activity of Cys-GPX; (ii) the thiol catalytic center; (iii) the capacity to interact with regulatory proteins. All these characteristics suggest that at the basal level, plant GPXs have an important role in redox signal transduction in addition to their peroxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Passaia
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
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194
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Li H, Yu B, Li J, Su L, Yan M, Zhang J, Li C, Zhu Z, Liu B. Characterization of differentially expressed genes involved in pathways associated with gastric cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125013. [PMID: 25928635 PMCID: PMC4415781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the patterns of gene expression in gastric cancer, a total of 26 paired gastric cancer and noncancerous tissues from patients were enrolled for gene expression microarray analyses. Limma methods were applied to analyze the data, and genes were considered to be significantly differentially expressed if the False Discovery Rate (FDR) value was < 0.01, P-value was <0.01 and the fold change (FC) was >2. Subsequently, Gene Ontology (GO) categories were used to analyze the main functions of the differentially expressed genes. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, we found pathways significantly associated with the differential genes. Gene-Act network and co-expression network were built respectively based on the relationships among the genes, proteins and compounds in the database. 2371 mRNAs and 350 lncRNAs considered as significantly differentially expressed genes were selected for the further analysis. The GO categories, pathway analyses and the Gene-Act network showed a consistent result that up-regulated genes were responsible for tumorigenesis, migration, angiogenesis and microenvironment formation, while down-regulated genes were involved in metabolism. These results of this study provide some novel findings on coding RNAs, lncRNAs, pathways and the co-expression network in gastric cancer which will be useful to guide further investigation and target therapy for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Beiqin Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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195
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Tsolis KC, Bei ES, Papathanasiou I, Kostopoulou F, Gkretsi V, Kalantzaki K, Malizos K, Zervakis M, Tsezou A, Economou A. Comparative proteomic analysis of hypertrophic chondrocytes in osteoarthritis. Clin Proteomics 2015; 12:12. [PMID: 25945082 PMCID: PMC4415313 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-015-9085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multi-factorial disease leading progressively to loss of articular cartilage and subsequently to loss of joint function. While hypertrophy of chondrocytes is a physiological process implicated in the longitudinal growth of long bones, hypertrophy-like alterations in chondrocytes play a major role in OA. We performed a quantitative proteomic analysis in osteoarthritic and normal chondrocytes followed by functional analyses to investigate proteome changes and molecular pathways involved in OA pathogenesis. Methods Chondrocytes were isolated from articular cartilage of ten patients with primary OA undergoing knee replacement surgery and six normal donors undergoing fracture repair surgery without history of joint disease and no OA clinical manifestations. We analyzed the proteome of chondrocytes using high resolution mass spectrometry and quantified it by label-free quantification and western blot analysis. We also used WebGestalt, a web-based enrichment tool for the functional annotation and pathway analysis of the differentially synthesized proteins, using the Wikipathways database. ClueGO, a Cytoscape plug-in, is also used to compare groups of proteins and to visualize the functionally organized Gene Ontology (GO) terms and pathways in the form of dynamical network structures. Results The proteomic analysis led to the identification of a total of ~2400 proteins. 269 of them showed differential synthesis levels between the two groups. Using functional annotation, we found that proteins belonging to pathways associated with regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, EGF/EGFR, TGF-β, MAPK signaling, integrin-mediated cell adhesion, and lipid metabolism were significantly enriched in the OA samples (p ≤10−5). We also observed that the proteins GSTP1, PLS3, MYOF, HSD17B12, PRDX2, APCS, PLA2G2A SERPINH1/HSP47 and MVP, show distinct synthesis levels, characteristic for OA or control chondrocytes. Conclusion In this study we compared the quantitative changes in proteins synthesized in osteoarthritic compared to normal chondrocytes. We identified several pathways and proteins to be associated with OA chondrocytes. This study provides evidence for further testing on the molecular mechanism of the disease and also propose proteins as candidate markers of OA chondrocyte phenotype. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12014-015-9085-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos C Tsolis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - FoRTH, Iraklio, Greece ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ekaterini S Bei
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Technical Univ. of Crete, Chania, Greece
| | - Ioanna Papathanasiou
- Department of Biology, University of Thessaly, Faculty of Medicine, Larissa, Greece ; Institute for Research & Technology-Thessaly/Centre for Research & Technology-Hellas (CE.R.T.H), Larissa, Greece
| | - Fotini Kostopoulou
- Department of Biology, University of Thessaly, Faculty of Medicine, Larissa, Greece ; Institute for Research & Technology-Thessaly/Centre for Research & Technology-Hellas (CE.R.T.H), Larissa, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Gkretsi
- Institute for Research & Technology-Thessaly/Centre for Research & Technology-Hellas (CE.R.T.H), Larissa, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Kalantzaki
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Technical Univ. of Crete, Chania, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Malizos
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Thessaly, Faculty of Medicine, Larissa, Greece
| | - Michalis Zervakis
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Technical Univ. of Crete, Chania, Greece
| | - Aspasia Tsezou
- Department of Biology, University of Thessaly, Faculty of Medicine, Larissa, Greece ; Institute for Research & Technology-Thessaly/Centre for Research & Technology-Hellas (CE.R.T.H), Larissa, Greece
| | - Anastassios Economou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - FoRTH, Iraklio, Greece ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
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196
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Graziani G, Artuso S, De Luca A, Muzi A, Rotili D, Scimeca M, Atzori MG, Ceci C, Mai A, Leonetti C, Levati L, Bonanno E, Tentori L, Caccuri AM. A new water soluble MAPK activator exerts antitumor activity in melanoma cells resistant to the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 95:16-27. [PMID: 25795251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recovery of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) or activation of alternative pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, are involved in acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors which represent the first-line treatment of BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma. We recently demonstrated that 6-((7-nitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-4-yl)thio)hexan-1-ol (NBDHEX) and its water soluble analog 2-(2-(2-((7-nitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-4-yl)thio)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol (MC3181) trigger apoptosis in BRAF V600E mutated melanoma cells through activation of the MAPK c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Herein, we investigated whether NBDHEX and MC3181 might exert antitumor activity against BRAF V600E mutated human melanoma cells rendered resistant to the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. To this aim we generated a subline of A375 melanoma resistant in vitro and in vivo to vemurafenib (A375-VR8) and characterized by NRAS G13R mutation, high basal levels of CRAF protein and phospho-activation of AKT. In these cells ERK phosphorylation was not significantly down-modulated by vemurafenib concentrations capable of abrogating ERK phosphorylation in sensitive A375 cells. Both NBDHEX and MC3181 induced marked antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in A375-VR8 cells and, at equitoxic concentrations, caused a strong phosphorylation of JNK, p38, and of the downstream mediators of apoptosis ATF2 and p53. Drug treatment further increased ERK phosphorylation, which was required for the cellular response to the NBD derivatives, as apoptosis was antagonized by the ERK inhibitor FR180204. Finally, in vivo administration of MC3181 provoked JNK activation at the tumor site and markedly reduced A375-VR8 growth. These evidences strongly suggest that the activation of multiple pro-apoptotic MAPK pathways by MC3181 might represent a new strategy for the treatment of melanoma resistant to BRAF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Artuso
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Anastasia De Luca
- The NAST Centre for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology & Innovative Instrumentation, University of "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Muzi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; TMALab s.r.l., Spin-off of University of "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Ceci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy; Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Leonetti
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Lauretta Levati
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata" - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Bonanno
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; TMALab s.r.l., Spin-off of University of "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Tentori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Caccuri
- The NAST Centre for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology & Innovative Instrumentation, University of "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
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197
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Biochemical and functional characterization of the glutathione S-transferase from Trichinella spiralis. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:2007-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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198
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Credle JJ, Forcelli PA, Delannoy M, Oaks AW, Permaul E, Berry DL, Duka V, Wills J, Sidhu A. α-Synuclein-mediated inhibition of ATF6 processing into COPII vesicles disrupts UPR signaling in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 76:112-125. [PMID: 25725420 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) monitors the folding environment within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Accumulation of misfolded proteins within the ER activates the UPR resulting in the execution of adaptive or non-adaptive signaling pathways. α-Synuclein (α-syn) whose accumulation and aggregation define the pathobiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been shown to inhibit ER-Golgi transit of COPII vesicles. ATF6, a protective branch of the UPR, is processed via COPII mediated ER-Golgi transit following its activation via ER stress. Using cellular PD models together with biochemical reconstitution assays, we showed that α-syn inhibited processing of ATF6 directly through physical interactions and indirectly through restricted incorporation into COPII vesicles. Impaired ATF6 signaling was accompanied by decreased ER-associated degradation (ERAD) function and increased pro-apoptotic signaling. The mechanism by which α-syn inhibits ATF6 signaling expands our understanding of the role ER stress and the UPR play in neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel J Credle
- Department of Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Patrick A Forcelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Michael Delannoy
- SOM Microscope Facility, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Adam W Oaks
- Department of Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Eva Permaul
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Deborah L Berry
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Valeriy Duka
- Department of Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Jonathan Wills
- Department of Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Anita Sidhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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199
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Zhang J, Grek C, Ye ZW, Manevich Y, Tew KD, Townsend DM. Pleiotropic functions of glutathione S-transferase P. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 122:143-75. [PMID: 24974181 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420117-0.00004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP) is one member of the GST superfamily that is prevalently expressed in mammals. Known to possess catalytic activity through deprotonating glutathione allowing formation of thioether bonds with electrophilic substrates, more recent discoveries have broadened our understanding of the biological roles of this protein. In addition to catalytic detoxification, other properties so far ascribed to GSTP include chaperone functions, regulation of nitric oxide pathways, regulation of a variety of kinase signaling pathways, and participation in the forward reaction of protein S-glutathionylation. The expression of GSTP has been linked with cancer and other human pathologies and more recently even with drug addiction. With respect to human health, polymorphic variants of GSTP may determine individual susceptibility to oxidative stress and/or be critical in the design and development of drugs that have used redox pathways as a discovery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Christina Grek
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Zhi-Wei Ye
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yefim Manevich
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Professor and Chairman, Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, John C. West Chair of Cancer Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
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200
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Beyerle J, Frei E, Stiborova M, Habermann N, Ulrich CM. Biotransformation of xenobiotics in the human colon and rectum and its association with colorectal cancer. Drug Metab Rev 2015; 47:199-221. [PMID: 25686853 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2014.996649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In humans, the liver is generally considered to be the major organ contributing to drug metabolism, but studies during the last years have suggested an important role of the extra-hepatic drug metabolism. The gastrointestinal tract (GI-tract) is the major path of entry for a wide variety of compounds including food, and orally administered drugs, but also compounds - with neither nutrient nor other functional value - such as carcinogens. These compounds are metabolized by a large number of enzymes, including the cytochrome P450 (CYP), the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family, the uridine 5'-diphospho- glucuronosyltransferase (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase - UGT) superfamily, alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, sulfotransferases, etc. These enzymes can either inactivate carcinogens or, in some cases, generate reactive species with higher reactivity compared to the original compound. Most data in this field of research originate from animal or in vitro studies, wherein human studies are limited. Here, we review the human studies, in particular the studies on the phenotypic expression of these enzymes in the colon and rectum to get an impression of the actual enzyme levels in this primary organ of exposure. The aim of this review is to give a summary of currently available data on the relation between the CYP, the GST and the UGT biotransformation system and colorectal cancer obtained from clinical and epidemiological studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolantha Beyerle
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) , Heidelberg , Germany
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