151
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Ju SA, Park SM, Joe Y, Chung HT, An WG, Kim BS. Anti-4-1BB antibody-based combination therapy augments antitumor immunity by enhancing CD11c +CD8 + T cells in renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:43. [PMID: 34976155 PMCID: PMC8674882 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the potential treatment strategies of incurable renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which is highly resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the present study established a combination therapy with immunostimulatory factor (ISTF) and anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to augment the antitumor response in a murine RCC model. ISTF isolated from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans stimulates macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells to produce IL-6, TNF-α, nitric oxide and major histocompatibility complex class II expression. 4-1BB (CD137) is expressed in activated immune cells, including activated T cells, and is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. The administration of anti-4-1BB mAbs promoted antitumor immunity via enhancing CD11c+CD8+ T cells. The CD11c+CD8+ T cells were characterized by high killing activity and IFN-γ-producing ability, representing a phenotype of active effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The present study showed that combination therapy with ISTF and anti-4-1BB mAbs promoted partial tumor regression with established RCC, but monotherapy with ISTF or anti-4-1BB mAbs did not. These effects were speculated to be caused by the increase in CD11c+CD8+ T cells in the spleen and tumor, and IFN-γ production. These insights into the effector mechanisms of the combination of ISTF and anti-4-1BB mAbs may be useful for targeting incurable RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-A Ju
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yeonsoo Joe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Won G An
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Sam Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
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152
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Kim SH, Park JH, Lee SJ, Lee HS, Jung JK, Lee YR, Cho HI, Kim JK, Kim K, Park CS, Lee CK. Efficient Anti-Tumor Immunotherapy Using Tumor Epitope-Coated Biodegradable Nanoparticles Combined With Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid and an Anti-PD1 Monoclonal Antibody. Immune Netw 2022; 22:e42. [DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sun-Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Jung
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Young-Ran Lee
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Hyun-Il Cho
- Research and Development Division, ViGenCell Inc., Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Kyungjae Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Chan-Su Park
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Chong-Kil Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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153
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Zhang T, Larson R, Dave K, Polson N, Zhang H. Developing patient-centric specifications for autologous chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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154
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Choudhury SM, Ma X, Dang W, Li Y, Zheng H. Recent Development of Ruminant Vaccine Against Viral Diseases. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:697194. [PMID: 34805327 PMCID: PMC8595237 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.697194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens of viral origin produce a large variety of infectious diseases in livestock. It is essential to establish the best practices in animal care and an efficient way to stop and prevent infectious diseases that impact animal husbandry. So far, the greatest way to combat the disease is to adopt a vaccine policy. In the fight against infectious diseases, vaccines are very popular. Vaccination's fundamental concept is to utilize particular antigens, either endogenous or exogenous to induce immunity against the antigens or cells. In light of how past emerging and reemerging infectious diseases and pandemics were handled, examining the vaccination methods and technological platforms utilized for the animals may provide some useful insights. New vaccine manufacturing methods have evolved because of developments in technology and medicine and our broad knowledge of immunology, molecular biology, microbiology, and biochemistry, among other basic science disciplines. Genetic engineering, proteomics, and other advanced technologies have aided in implementing novel vaccine theories, resulting in the discovery of new ruminant vaccines and the improvement of existing ones. Subunit vaccines, recombinant vaccines, DNA vaccines, and vectored vaccines are increasingly gaining scientific and public attention as the next generation of vaccines and are being seen as viable replacements to conventional vaccines. The current review looks at the effects and implications of recent ruminant vaccine advances in terms of evolving microbiology, immunology, and molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Mohiuddin Choudhury
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - XuSheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - YuanYuan Li
- Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - HaiXue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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155
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Pro-Inflammatory Serum Amyloid a Stimulates Renal Dysfunction and Enhances Atherosclerosis in Apo E-Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212582. [PMID: 34830462 PMCID: PMC8623330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute serum amyloid A (SAA) is an apolipoprotein that mediates pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic pathways. SAA-mediated signalling is diverse and includes canonical and acute immunoregulatory pathways in a range of cell types and organs. This study aimed to further elucidate the roles for SAA in the pathogenesis of vascular and renal dysfunction. Two groups of male ApoE-deficient mice were administered SAA (100 µL, 120 µg/mL) or vehicle control (100 µL PBS) and monitored for 4 or 16 weeks after SAA treatment; tissue was harvested for biochemical and histological analyses at each time point. Under these conditions, SAA administration induced crosstalk between NF-κB and Nrf2 transcriptional factors, leading to downstream induction of pro-inflammatory mediators and antioxidant response elements 4 weeks after SAA administration, respectively. SAA treatment stimulated an upregulation of renal IFN-γ with a concomitant increase in renal levels of p38 MAPK and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities, which is linked to tissue fibrosis. In the kidney of SAA-treated mice, the immunolocalisation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was markedly increased, and this was localised to the parietal epithelial cells lining Bowman’s space within glomeruli, which led to progressive renal fibrosis. Assessment of aortic root lesion at the study endpoint revealed accelerated atherosclerosis formation; animals treated with SAA also showed evidence of a thinned fibrous cap as judged by diffuse collagen staining. Together, this suggests that SAA elicits early renal dysfunction through promoting the IFN-γ-iNOS-p38 MAPK axis that manifests as the fibrosis of renal tissue and enhanced cardiovascular disease.
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156
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Targeted Therapies in Autoimmune Skin Diseases. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:969-975.e7. [PMID: 34756580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the established anti-inflammatory drugs with a broad range, new-targeted therapeutic approaches have emerged in the management of autoimmune skin diseases to increase efficacy and decrease adverse reactions on the basis of an improved molecular understanding of pathogenesis. Most inflammatory dermatoses are driven by misled immune responses physiologically directed at exogenous pathogens, that is, type 1 immunity against viral pathogens, type 2 immunity against parasites, and type 3 immunity against fungi and bacteria. Pathogenic hallmarks of these major immune reaction patterns are characterized within this article, and a comprehensive overview of current clinical trials evaluating targeted therapeutics for respective dermatoses is outlined.
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157
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Effect of Age on Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204798. [PMID: 34682920 PMCID: PMC8538457 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective but balanced cellular and inflammatory immune response may limit the severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), whereas uncontrolled inflammation leads to disease progression. Older age is associated with higher risk of COVID-19 and a worse outcome, but the underlying immunological mechanisms for this age-related difference are not clear. We investigated the impact of age on viral replication, inflammation, and innate and adaptive cellular immune responses in 205 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. During the early symptomatic phase of COVID-19, we found that patients above 65 years had significantly higher viral load, higher levels of proinflammatory markers, and inadequate mobilization and activation of monocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and CD8 T cells compared to those below 65 years. Our study points toward age-related deficiencies in the innate immune cellular response to SARS-CoV-2 as a potential cause of poorly controlled viral replication and inflammation during the early symptom phase and subsequent disease progression.
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158
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Mrahleh MA, Matar S, Jafar H, Wehaibi S, Aslam N, Awidi A. Human Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Primed by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interferon-γ Modulate the Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells of Type 1 Diabetic Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:732549. [PMID: 34650558 PMCID: PMC8506215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.732549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique immunomodulation and immunosuppressive potential of Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (WJ-MSCs) make them a promising therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes (T1D). The immunomodulatory effect of MSCs is exerted either by cell-cell contact or by secretome secretion. Cell-cell contact is a critical mechanism by which MSCs regulate immune-responses and generate immune regulatory cells such as tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) and regulatory T cell (Tregs). In this study, we primed WJ-MSCs with TNF-α and IFN-γ and investigated the immunomodulatory properties of primed WJ-MSCs on mature dendritic cells (mDCs) and activated T cells differentiated from mononuclear cells (MNCs) of T1D patient’s. Our findings revealed that primed WJ-MSCs impaired the antigen-mediated immunity, upregulated immune-tolerance genes and downregulated immune-response genes. We also found an increase in the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and suppression of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Significant upregulation of FOXP3, IL10 and TGFB1 augmented an immunosuppressive effect on adaptive T cell immunity which represented a strong evidence in support of the formation of Tregs. Furthermore, upregulation of many critical genes involved in the immune-tolerance mechanism (IDO1 and PTGES2/PTGS) was detected. Interestingly, upregulation of ENTPD1/NT5E genes express a strong evidence to switch immunostimulatory response toward immunoregulatory response. We conclude that WJ-MSCs primed by TNF-α and IFN-γ may represent a promising tool to treat the autoimmune disorders and can provide a new evidence to consider MSCs- based therapeutic approach for the treatment of TID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzan Matar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, The University of Jordan, School of Science, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hanan Jafar
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Anatomy & Histology, The University of Jordan, School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | - Suha Wehaibi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nazneen Aslam
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdalla Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Jordan, School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
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159
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Mohammad Mirzaei N, Su S, Sofia D, Hegarty M, Abdel-Rahman MH, Asadpoure A, Cebulla CM, Chang YH, Hao W, Jackson PR, Lee AV, Stover DG, Tatarova Z, Zervantonakis IK, Shahriyari L. A Mathematical Model of Breast Tumor Progression Based on Immune Infiltration. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11101031. [PMID: 34683171 PMCID: PMC8540934 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prominent type of cancer among women. Understanding the microenvironment of breast cancer and the interactions between cells and cytokines will lead to better treatment approaches for patients. In this study, we developed a data-driven mathematical model to investigate the dynamics of key cells and cytokines involved in breast cancer development. We used gene expression profiles of tumors to estimate the relative abundance of each immune cell and group patients based on their immune patterns. Dynamical results show the complex interplay between cells and molecules, and sensitivity analysis emphasizes the direct effects of macrophages and adipocytes on cancer cell growth. In addition, we observed the dual effect of IFN-γ on cancer proliferation, either through direct inhibition of cancer cells or by increasing the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Mohammad Mirzaei
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (N.M.M.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Sumeyye Su
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (N.M.M.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Dilruba Sofia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (N.M.M.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Maura Hegarty
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (N.M.M.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Mohamed H. Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.H.A.-R.); (C.M.C.); (D.G.S.)
| | - Alireza Asadpoure
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA;
| | - Colleen M. Cebulla
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.H.A.-R.); (C.M.C.); (D.G.S.)
| | - Young Hwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine (OCSSB), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (Y.H.C.); (Z.T.)
| | - Wenrui Hao
- Department of Mathematics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Pamela R. Jackson
- Mathematical NeuroOncology Lab, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA;
| | - Adrian V. Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA;
| | - Daniel G. Stover
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.H.A.-R.); (C.M.C.); (D.G.S.)
| | - Zuzana Tatarova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine (OCSSB), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (Y.H.C.); (Z.T.)
| | - Ioannis K. Zervantonakis
- Department of Bioengineering, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA;
| | - Leili Shahriyari
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (N.M.M.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence:
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160
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He H, Liao Q, Zhao C, Zhu C, Feng M, Liu Z, Jiang L, Zhang L, Ding X, Yuan M, Zhang X, Xu J. Conditioned CAR-T cells by hypoxia-inducible transcription amplification (HiTA) system significantly enhances systemic safety and retains antitumor efficacy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002755. [PMID: 34615704 PMCID: PMC8496395 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia is a striking feature of most solid tumors and could be used to discriminate tumors from normoxic tissues. Therefore, the design of hypoxia-conditioned Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells is a promising strategy to reduce on-target off-tumor toxicity in adoptive cell therapy. However, existing hypoxia-conditioned CAR-T designs have been only partially successful in enhancing safety profile but accompanied with reduced cytotoxic efficacy. Our goal is to further improve safety profile with retained excellent antitumor efficacy. Methods In this study, we designed and constructed a hypoxia-inducible transcription amplification system (HiTA-system) to control the expression of CAR in T (HiTA-CAR-T) cells. CAR expression was determined by Flow cytometry, and the activation and cytotoxicity of HiTA-CAR-T cells in vitro were evaluated in response to antigenic stimulations under hypoxic or normoxic conditions. The safety of HiTA-CAR-T cells was profiled in a mouse model for its on-target toxicity to normal liver and other tissues, and antitumor efficacy in vivo was monitored in murine xenograft models. Results Our results showed that HiTA-CAR-T cells are highly restricted to hypoxia for their CAR expression, activation and cytotoxicity to tumor cells in vitro. In a mouse model in vivo, HiTA-CAR-T cells targeting Her2 antigen showed undetectable CAR expression in all different normoxic tissues including human Her2-expresing liver, accordingly, no liver and systemic toxicity were observed; In contrast, regular CAR-T cells targeting Her2 displayed significant toxicity on human Her2-expression liver. Importantly, HiTA-CAR-T cells were able to achieve significant tumor suppression in murine xenograft models. Conclusion Our HiTA system showed a remarkable improvement in hypoxia-restricted transgene expression in comparison with currently available systems. HiTA-CAR-T cells presented significant antitumor activities in absence of any significant liver or systemic toxicity in vivo. This approach could be also applied to design CAR-T cell targeting other tumor antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qibin Liao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuisong Zhu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqi Feng
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoqun Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linxia Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangqing Ding
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yuan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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161
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Stoycheva D, Simsek H, Weber W, Hauser AE, Klotzsch E. External cues to drive B cell function towards immunotherapy. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:222-230. [PMID: 33636402 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy stands out as a powerful and promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cancer, infections, and autoimmune diseases. Adoptive immune therapies are usually centered on modified T cells and their specific expansion towards antigen-specific T cells against cancer and other diseases. However, despite their unmatched features, the potential of B cells in immunotherapy is just beginning to be explored. The main role of B cells in the immune response is to secrete antigen-specific antibodies and provide long-term protection against foreign pathogens. They further function as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and secrete pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and thus exert positive and negative regulatory stimuli on other cells involved in the immune response such as T cells. Therefore, while hyperactivation of B cells can cause autoimmunity, their dysfunctions lead to severe immunodeficiencies. Only suitably activated B cells can play an active role in the treatment of cancers, infections, and autoimmune diseases. As a result, studies have focused on B cell-targeted immunotherapies in recent years. For this, the development, functions, interactions with the microenvironment, and clinical importance of B cells should be well understood. In this review, we summarize the main events during B cell activation. From the viewpoint of mechanobiology we discuss the translation of external cues such as surface topology, substrate stiffness, and biochemical signaling into B cell functions. We further dive into current B cell-targeted therapy strategies and their clinical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: B cells are proving as a promising tool in the field of immunotherapy. B cells exhibit various functions such as antibody production, antigen presentation or secretion of immune-regulatory factors which can be utilized in the fight against oncological or immunological disorders. In this review we discuss the importance of external mechanobiological cues such as surface topology, substrate stiffness, and biochemical signaling on B cell function. We further summarize B cell-targeted therapy strategies and their clinical applications, as in the context of anti-tumor responses and autoimmune diseases.
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162
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Gong L, Kwong DLW, Dai W, Wu P, Wang Y, Lee AWM, Guan XY. The Stromal and Immune Landscape of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Its Implications for Precision Medicine Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:744889. [PMID: 34568077 PMCID: PMC8462296 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.744889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a cancer-dependent and dynamic process. The TME is often a complex ecosystem with immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting functions. Conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, primarily focus on inducing tumor apoptosis and hijacking tumor growth, whereas the tumor-protective microenvironment cannot be altered or destructed. Thus, tumor cells can quickly escape from extraneous attack and develop therapeutic resistance, eventually leading to treatment failure. As an Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancy, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is frequently infiltrated with varied stromal cells, making its microenvironment a highly heterogeneous and suppressive harbor protecting tumor cells from drug penetration, immune attack, and facilitating tumor development. In the last decade, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have emerged as promising options to treat advanced, metastatic, recurrent, and resistant NPC, but lack of understanding of the TME had hindered the therapeutic development and optimization. Single-cell sequencing of NPC-infiltrating cells has recently deciphered stromal composition and functional dynamics in the TME and non-malignant counterpart. In this review, we aim to depict the stromal landscape of NPC in detail based on recent advances, and propose various microenvironment-based approaches for precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanqi Gong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pingan Wu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anne Wing-Mui Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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163
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Seiringer P, Garzorz-Stark N, Eyerich K. T-Cell‒Mediated Autoimmunity: Mechanisms and Future Directions. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:804-810. [PMID: 34538423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
T cells are key drivers of autoimmunity in numerous noncommunicable inflammatory skin diseases by directly harming host tissue or through helping B cells in producing autoantibodies. Technological advances have contributed to identifying autoantigens, the Holy Grail of autoimmunity, in many inflammatory disorders of the skin. Novel therapeutic approaches such as chimeric (auto)antibody receptor T cells are a milestone on the way to finding individualized, well-tolerated, targeted therapies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on pathogenesis, immune response pattern‒related ontology, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options of autoimmune skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Seiringer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Helmholtz Center and Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Natalie Garzorz-Stark
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for molecular medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Dermatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kilian Eyerich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for molecular medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Dermatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Chang-Monteagudo A, Ochoa-Azze R, Climent-Ruiz Y, Macías-Abraham C, Rodríguez-Noda L, Valenzuela-Silva C, Sánchez-Ramírez B, Perez-Nicado R, Hernández-García T, Orosa-Vázquez I, Díaz-Hernández M, García-García MDLÁ, Jerez-Barceló Y, Triana-Marrero Y, Ruiz-Villegas L, Rodríguez-Prieto LD, Puga-Gómez R, Guerra-Chaviano PP, Zúñiga-Rosales Y, Marcheco-Teruel B, Rodríguez-Acosta M, Noa-Romero E, Enríquez-Puertas J, Porto-González D, Fernández-Medina O, Valdés-Zayas A, Chen GW, Herrera-Martínez L, Valdés-Balbín Y, García-Rivera D, Verez-Bencomo V. A single dose of SARS-CoV-2 FINLAY-FR-1A vaccine enhances neutralization response in COVID-19 convalescents, with a very good safety profile: An open-label phase 1 clinical trial. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2021; 4:100079. [PMID: 34541571 PMCID: PMC8442527 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2021.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a first step towards a vaccine protecting COVID-19 convalescents from reinfection, we evaluated FINLAY-FR-1A vaccine in a clinical trial. METHODS Thirty COVID-19 convalescents aged 22-57 years were studied: convalescents of mild COVID-19, asymptomatic convalescents, both with PCR-positive at the moment of diagnosis; and individuals with subclinical infection detected by viral-specific IgG. They received a single intramuscular injection of the FINLAY-FR-1A vaccine (50 µg of the recombinant dimeric receptor binding domain). The primary outcomes were safety and reactogenicity, assessed over 28 days after vaccination. The secondary outcome was vaccine immunogenicity. Humoral response at baseline and following vaccination was evaluated by ELISA and live-virus neutralization test. The effector T cellular response was also assessed. Cuban Public Registry of Clinical Trials, WHO-ICTRP: https://rpcec.sld.cu/en/trials/RPCEC00000349-En. FINDINGS No serious adverse events were reported. Minor adverse events were found, the most common, local pain: 3 (10%) and redness: 2 (6·7%). The vaccine elicited a >21 fold increase in IgG anti-RBD antibodies 28 days after vaccination. The median of inhibitory antibody titres (94·0%) was three times greater than that of the COVID-19 convalescent panel. Virus neutralization titres higher than 1:160 were found in 24 (80%) participants. There was also an increase in RBD-specific T cells producing IFN-γ and TNF-α. INTERPRETATION A single dose of the FINLAY-FR-1A vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 was an efficient booster of pre-existing natural immunity, with excellent safety profile. FUNDING Partial funding for this study was received from the Project-2020-20, Fondo de Ciencia e Innovación (FONCI), Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, Cuba. RESUMEN. ANTECEDENTES Como un primer paso hacia una vacuna que proteja a los convalecientes de COVID-19 de la reinfección, evaluamos la vacuna FINLAY-FR-1A en un ensayo clínico. MÉTODOS Se estudiaron treinta convalecientes de COVID-19 de 22 a 57 años: convalecientes de COVID-19 leve y convalecientes asintomáticos, ambos con prueba PCR positiva al momento del diagnóstico; e individuos con infección subclínica detectada por IgG específica viral. Los participantes recibieron una dosis única por vía intramuscular de la vacuna FINLAY-FR-1A (50 µg del dominio de unión al receptor recombinante dimérico del SARS CoV-2). Las variables de medida primarias fueron la seguridad y la reactogenicidad, evaluadas durante 28 días después de la vacunación. La variable secundaria, la inmunogenicidad. La respuesta humoral, al inicio del estudio y después de la vacunación, se evaluó por ELISA y mediante la prueba de neutralización del virus vivo. También se evaluó la respuesta de células T efectoras. Registro Público Cubano de Ensayos Clínicos, WHO-ICTRP: https://rpcec.sld.cu/en/trials/RPCEC00000349-En. RESULTADOS No se reportaron eventos adversos graves. Se encontraron eventos adversos leves, los más comunes, dolor local: 3 (10%) y enrojecimiento: 2 (6·7%). La vacuna estimuló un incremento >21 veces de los anticuerpos IgG anti-RBD 28 días después de la vacunación. La mediana de los títulos de anticuerpos inhibidores (94·0%) fue aproximadamente tres veces mayor que la del panel de convalecientes de COVID-19. Se encontraron títulos de neutralización viral superiores a 1:160 en 24 (80%) de los participantes. También hubo un aumento en las células T específicas de RBD que producen IFN-γ y TNF-α. INTERPRETACIÓN Una sola dosis de la vacuna FINLAY-FR-1A contra el SARS-CoV-2 reforzó eficazmente la inmunidad natural preexistente, con un excelente perfil de seguridad. FINANCIAMIENTO Se recibió un financiamiento parcial del Proyecto-2020-20, Fondo de Ciencia e Innovación (FONCI), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente, Cuba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Chang-Monteagudo
- National Institute of Hematology and Immunology, 8th Ave. N° 460 between 17 and 19 Streets, Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - Rolando Ochoa-Azze
- Finlay Vaccine Institute, 21st Ave. N° 19810 between 198 and 200 Streets, Atabey, Playa, Havana, Cuba
- Corresponding author: Rolando Ochoa-Azze, MD, PhD. Finlay Vaccine Institute, 21st Ave. N° 19810 between 198 and 200 Streets, Atabey, Playa, Havana, Cuba, Tel: (53) 72719131
| | - Yanet Climent-Ruiz
- Finlay Vaccine Institute, 21st Ave. N° 19810 between 198 and 200 Streets, Atabey, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Consuelo Macías-Abraham
- National Institute of Hematology and Immunology, 8th Ave. N° 460 between 17 and 19 Streets, Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - Laura Rodríguez-Noda
- Finlay Vaccine Institute, 21st Ave. N° 19810 between 198 and 200 Streets, Atabey, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Rocmira Perez-Nicado
- Finlay Vaccine Institute, 21st Ave. N° 19810 between 198 and 200 Streets, Atabey, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Tays Hernández-García
- Center of Molecular Immunology, 15 Ave. and 216 Street, Siboney, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Ivette Orosa-Vázquez
- Center of Molecular Immunology, 15 Ave. and 216 Street, Siboney, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Yanet Jerez-Barceló
- National Institute of Hematology and Immunology, 8th Ave. N° 460 between 17 and 19 Streets, Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yenisey Triana-Marrero
- National Institute of Hematology and Immunology, 8th Ave. N° 460 between 17 and 19 Streets, Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - Laura Ruiz-Villegas
- National Institute of Hematology and Immunology, 8th Ave. N° 460 between 17 and 19 Streets, Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - Luis Dairon Rodríguez-Prieto
- National Institute of Hematology and Immunology, 8th Ave. N° 460 between 17 and 19 Streets, Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Pedro Pablo Guerra-Chaviano
- National Coordinating Center of Clinical Trials, 5 Ave. between 60 and 62 Ave., Miramar, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yaíma Zúñiga-Rosales
- National Center of Medical Genetics, 31 Ave. N° 3102 and 146 Street, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Beatriz Marcheco-Teruel
- National Center of Medical Genetics, 31 Ave. N° 3102 and 146 Street, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Enrique Noa-Romero
- Research Center of Civil Defense. San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Anet Valdés-Zayas
- Center of Molecular Immunology, 15 Ave. and 216 Street, Siboney, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Guang-Wu Chen
- Chengdu Olisynn Biotech. Co. Ltd., People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yury Valdés-Balbín
- Finlay Vaccine Institute, 21st Ave. N° 19810 between 198 and 200 Streets, Atabey, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Dagmar García-Rivera
- Finlay Vaccine Institute, 21st Ave. N° 19810 between 198 and 200 Streets, Atabey, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Vicente Verez-Bencomo
- Finlay Vaccine Institute, 21st Ave. N° 19810 between 198 and 200 Streets, Atabey, Playa, Havana, Cuba
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Colombani T, Eggermont LJ, Hatfield SM, Rogers ZJ, Rezaeeyazdi M, Memic A, Sitkovsky MV, Bencherif SA. Oxygen-Generating Cryogels Restore T Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity in Hypoxic Tumors. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2102234. [PMID: 37745940 PMCID: PMC10516343 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumors are protected from antitumor immune responses due to their hypoxic microenvironments. Weakening hypoxia-driven immunosuppression by hyperoxic breathing of 60% oxygen has shown to be effective in unleashing antitumor immune cells against solid tumors. However, efficacy of systemic oxygenation is limited against solid tumors outside of lungs and has been associated with unwanted side effects. As a result, it is essential to develop targeted oxygenation alternatives to weaken tumor hypoxia as novel approaches to restore immune responses against cancer. Herein, we report on injectable oxygen-generating cryogels (O2-cryogels) to reverse tumor-induced hypoxia. These macroporous biomaterials were designed to locally deliver oxygen, inhibit the expression of hypoxia-inducible genes in hypoxic melanoma cells, and reduce the accumulation of immunosuppressive extracellular adenosine. Our data show that O2-cryogels enhance T cell-mediated secretion of cytotoxic proteins, restoring the killing ability of tumor-specific CTLs, both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, O2-cryogels provide a unique and safe platform to supply oxygen as a co-adjuvant in hypoxic tumors and have the potential to improve cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Colombani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Loek J. Eggermont
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen M. Hatfield
- New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zachary J. Rogers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Adnan Memic
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Makkah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michail V. Sitkovsky
- New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering (BMBI), UTC CNRS UMR 7338, University of Technology of Compiègne, Sorbonne University, 60203 Compiègne, France
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The role of CD8 + Granzyme B + T cells in the pathogenesis of Takayasu's arteritis. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 41:167-176. [PMID: 34494213 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05903-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE T cell-mediated immune response plays a key role in Takayasu arteritis (TAK). Although previous studies have showed the roles of CD4+T cell and its subsets in TAK, the change of CD8+ T cell subsets remains unclear. This study investigated the role of CD8+ T cell subsets in TAK. METHODS The study consisted of 56 TA patients and 51 healthy controls. The percentages of CD8+T cells, CD8+GranzymeB+ T cells, CD8+Perforin+ T cells, and CD8+IFN-γ+ T cells in blood samples were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS We found that the percentages of CD8+GranzymeB+ T cells (P = 0.030), CD8+Perforin+ T cells (P = 0.000), and CD8+IFN-γ+ T cells (P = 0.002) in CD8+T cells were higher in TAK patients compared to control group. After 6 months of treatment, the proportion of CD8+T cells in lymphocytes were significantly lower in TAK patients than the baseline assessment (P = 0.033). A lower ratio of CD8+GranzymeB+ T cells/CD8+ T cells were showed in TAK patents after treatment compared with TAK patients before treatments (P = 0.011). The change of CD8+GranzymeB+ T cells/CD8+ T cells ratio was positively correlated with the change of ITAS (r = 0.721, P = 0.002) and ITAS-A (r = 0.637, P = 0.008). Finally, the immunofluorescence staining showed the infiltration of CD8+ Granzyme B + cells in the aortic tissue of TAK patients. CONCLUSION Our results disclose that the CD8+ T lymphocytes may play a role in TAK pathogenesis. Targeting CD8+GranzymeB+ T lymphocytes or Granzyme B inhibitors could be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of TAK. Key Points • Our study investigated role the of CD8+ T cell subsets in TAK. • We found the percentages of CD8+GranzymeB+ T cells, CD8+Perforin+ T cells, and CD8+IFN-γ+ T cells in CD3+CD8+T cells were higher in TAK patients. • The proportion of CD8+T cells in lymphocytes and the ratio of CD8+GranzymeB+ T cells/CD8+ T cells were significantly lower in TAK patients after treatment.
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Garg SS, Sharma A, Gupta J. Immunomodulation and immunotherapeutics of COVID-19. Clin Immunol 2021; 231:108842. [PMID: 34461289 PMCID: PMC8393504 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 causes coronavirus disease 2019, a pandemic which was originated from Wuhan city of China. The pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide. The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 is characterized by a cytokine storm in the blood (cytokinemia) and tissues, especially the lungs. One of the major repercussions of this inflammatory process is the endothelial injury-causing intestinal bleeding, coagulopathy, and thromboembolism which result in various sudden and unexpected post-COVID complications including kidney failure, myocardial infarction, or multiorgan failure. In this review, we have summarized the immune responses, biochemical changes, and inflammatory responses in the human body after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The increased amount of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and involvement of complement proteins in inflammatory reaction increase the risk of occurrence of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourbh Suren Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Atulika Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Science, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Jeena Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
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Han L, Tu S, Shen P, Yan J, Huang Y, Ba X, Li T, Lin W, Li H, Yu K, Guo J, Huang Y, Qin K, Wang Y, Chen Z. A comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of alternate interferon signaling pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:20511-20533. [PMID: 34432649 PMCID: PMC8436925 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) signaling pathways play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Prior studies have mainly studied mixed alterations in the IFN signaling pathway in RA, but these studies have not been sufficient to elucidate how imbalanced IFN signaling subtly influences immune cells. Single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing makes it possible to better understand the alternations in the interferon signaling pathways in RA. In the present study, we found that IFN signaling pathways were activated in natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, T cells, B cells, and most immune cell subclasses in RA. We then explored and analyzed the connections between abnormal IFN signaling pathways and cellular functional changes in RA. Single-Cell rEgulatory Network Inference and Clustering (SCENIC) analysis and gene regulatory network (GRN) construction were also performed to identify key transcription factors in RA. Finally, we also investigated altered IFN signaling pathways in multiple RA peripheral blood samples, which indicated that abnormal IFN signaling pathways were universally observed in RA. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the delicate and precise regulation of IFN signaling in the immune system in RA. Furthermore, common alternations in IFN signaling pathway-related transcription factors could help to identify novel therapeutic targets for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Han
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shenghao Tu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Pan Shen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiahui Yan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xin Ba
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Weiji Lin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan Biobank, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kai Qin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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CD8 + T lymphocyte is a main source of interferon-gamma production in Takayasu's arteritis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17111. [PMID: 34429489 PMCID: PMC8384861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96632-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of Takayasu’s arteritis (TAK). However, the source of IFN-γ in TAK patients is not fully clear. We aimed to investigate the source of IFN-γ in TAK. 60 TAK patients and 35 health controls were enrolled. The lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry, cytokines were detected by Bio-plex. The correlation among lymphocyte subsets, cytokines and disease activity indexes was analyzed by person correlation. The level of serum IFN-γ in TAK patients was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The percentage of CD3+IFN-γ+ cells in peripheral blood CD3+ cells was significantly higher in TAK patients than that of healthy control group (P = 0.002). A higher proportion of CD3+CD8+IFN-γ+ cells/CD3+IFN-γ+ cells (40.23 ± 11.98% vs 35.12 ± 11.51%, P = 0.049), and a significantly lower CD3+CD4+IFN-γ+/ CD3+CD8+IFN-γ+ ratio (1.34 ± 0.62% vs 1.80 ± 1.33%, P = 0.027) were showed in the TAK group than that of control group. The CD3+CD8+IFN-γ+/CD3+IFN-γ+ ratio was positively correlated with CD3+IFN-γ+cells/ CD3+cells ratio (r = 0.430, P = 0.001), serum IFN-γ level (r = 0.318, P = 0.040) and IL-17 level (r = 0.326, P = 0.031). It was negatively correlated with CD3+CD4+IFN-γ+/CD3+IFN-γ+ ratio (r = − 0.845, P < 0.001). IFN-γ secreted by CD3+CD8 + T cells is an important source of serum IFN-γ in TAK patients.
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170
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Dai B, Hackney JA, Ichikawa R, Nguyen A, Elstrott J, Orozco LD, Sun KH, Modrusan Z, Gogineni A, Scherl A, Gubatan J, Habtezion A, Deswal M, Somsouk M, Faubion WA, Chai A, Sharafali Z, Hassanali A, Oh YS, Tole S, McBride J, Keir ME, Yi T. Dual targeting of lymphocyte homing and retention through α4β7 and αEβ7 inhibition in inflammatory bowel disease. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100381. [PMID: 34467254 PMCID: PMC8385326 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Anti-integrins are therapeutically effective for inflammatory bowel disease, yet the relative contribution of α4β7 and αEβ7 to gut lymphocyte trafficking is not fully elucidated. Here, we evaluate the effect of α4β7 and αEβ7 blockade using a combination of murine models of gut trafficking and longitudinal gene expression analysis in etrolizumab-treated patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Dual blockade of α4β7 and αEβ7 reduces CD8+ T cell accumulation in the gut to a greater extent than blockade of either integrin alone. Anti-αEβ7 reduces epithelial:T cell interactions and promotes egress of activated T cells from the mucosa into lymphatics. Inflammatory gene expression is greater in human intestinal αEβ7+ T cells. Etrolizumab-treated patients with CD display a treatment-specific reduction in inflammatory and cytotoxic intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) genes. Concurrent blockade of α4β7 and αEβ7 promotes reduction of cytotoxic IELs and inflammatory T cells in the gut mucosa through a stepwise inhibition of intestinal tissue entry and retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Dai
- Departments of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jason A. Hackney
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ryan Ichikawa
- Biomarker Discovery OMNI, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Allen Nguyen
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Justin Elstrott
- Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Luz D. Orozco
- Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kai-Hui Sun
- Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alvin Gogineni
- Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alexis Scherl
- Pathology, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - John Gubatan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aida Habtezion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Monika Deswal
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ma Somsouk
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - William A. Faubion
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Akiko Chai
- Product Development, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Zaineb Sharafali
- Product Development, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Azra Hassanali
- Product Development, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Young S. Oh
- Product Development, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Swati Tole
- Product Development, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jacqueline McBride
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mary E. Keir
- Biomarker Discovery OMNI, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Tangsheng Yi
- Departments of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Yonekura S, Ueda K. EVI2B Is a New Prognostic Biomarker in Metastatic Melanoma with IFNgamma Associated Immune Infiltration. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164110. [PMID: 34439264 PMCID: PMC8391972 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ecotropic viral integration site 2B (EVI2B) is a protein-coding gene known as a lymphocyte-specific marker in peripheral blood. However, the prognostic value of EVI2B expression in metastatic melanoma tissue and its detailed profile of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are still unclear. In publicly available datasets, we found that increased EVI2B was significantly associated with longer prognoses such as overall survival and disease-specific survival. The EVI2B-high melanoma tissue had a favorable distribution/clustering pattern of infiltrating lymphocytes with increased CD8+ T cells over regulatory T cells. Moreover, EVI2B expression correlated with multiple immunomodulatory genes including IFN-γ signature genes. In conclusion, EVI2B is a prognostic biomarker with IFN-γ associated immune infiltration in metastatic melanoma. Abstract Background: To assess the prognostic role and the antitumor immunological relevance of ecotropic viral integration site 2B (EVI2B) in metastatic melanoma. Methods: In this study, we integrated clinical data, mRNA expression data, and the distribution and fraction of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE65904 and GSE19234). Results: The univariate and multivariate analyses showed that higher gene expression of EVI2B was significantly associated with longer prognoses. The EVI2B-high melanoma tissue had favorable histological parameters such as a brisk global distribution pattern and clustering structure of TILs (i.e., Banfield and Raftery index) with enriched CD8+ T cells over regulatory T cells and increased cytotoxicity scores. In addition, EVI2B expression positively correlated with IFN-γ signature genes (CXCL10, CXCL9, HLA-DRA, IDO1, IFNG, and STAT1) and other various immunomodulatory genes. Conclusion: EVI2B is a novel prognostic biomarker with IFN-γ associated immune infiltration in metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Yonekura
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 94800 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Kosuke Ueda
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), 94800 Villejuif, France
- Department of Urology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan;
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172
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Conserved Gammaherpesvirus Protein Kinase Counters the Antiviral Effects of Myeloid Cell-Specific STAT1 Expression To Promote the Establishment of Splenic B Cell Latency. J Virol 2021; 95:e0085921. [PMID: 34132573 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00859-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gammaherpesviruses establish lifelong infections and are associated with B cell lymphomas. Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) infects epithelial and myeloid cells during acute infection, with subsequent passage of the virus to B cells, where physiological B cell differentiation is usurped to ensure the establishment of a chronic latent reservoir. Interferons (IFNs) represent a major antiviral defense system that engages the transcriptional factor STAT1 to attenuate diverse acute and chronic viral infections, including those of gammaherpesviruses. Correspondingly, global deficiency of type I or type II IFN signaling profoundly increases the pathogenesis of acute and chronic gammaherpesvirus infection, compromises host survival, and impedes mechanistic understanding of cell type-specific role of IFN signaling. Here, we demonstrate that myeloid-specific STAT1 expression attenuates acute and persistent MHV68 replication in the lungs and suppresses viral reactivation from peritoneal cells, without any effect on the establishment of viral latent reservoir in splenic B cells. All gammaherpesviruses encode a conserved protein kinase that antagonizes type I IFN signaling in vitro. Here, we show that myeloid-specific STAT1 deficiency rescues the attenuated splenic latent reservoir of the kinase-null MHV68 mutant. However, despite having gained access to splenic B cells, the protein kinase-null MHV68 mutant fails to drive B cell differentiation. Thus, while myeloid-intrinsic STAT1 expression must be counteracted by the gammaherpesvirus protein kinase to facilitate viral passage to splenic B cells, expression of the viral protein kinase continues to be required to promote optimal B cell differentiation and viral reactivation, highlighting the multifunctional nature of this conserved viral protein during chronic infection. IMPORTANCE IFN signaling is a major antiviral system of the host that suppresses replication of diverse viruses, including acute and chronic gammaherpesvirus infection. STAT1 is a critical member and the primary antiviral effector of IFN signaling pathways. Given the significantly compromised antiviral status of global type I or type II IFN deficiency, unabated gammaherpesvirus replication and pathogenesis hinders understanding of cell type-specific antiviral effects. In this study, a mouse model of myeloid-specific STAT1 deficiency unveiled site-specific antiviral effects of STAT1 in the lungs and peritoneal cavity, but not the spleen, of chronically infected hosts. Interestingly, expression of a conserved gammaherpesvirus protein kinase was required to counteract the antiviral effects of myeloid-specific STAT1 expression to facilitate latent infection of splenic B cells, revealing a cell type-specific virus-host antagonism during the establishment of chronic gammaherpesvirus infection.
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173
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Arvind V, Huang AH. Reparative and Maladaptive Inflammation in Tendon Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:719047. [PMID: 34350166 PMCID: PMC8327090 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.719047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries are common and debilitating, with non-regenerative healing often resulting in chronic disease. While there has been considerable progress in identifying the cellular and molecular regulators of tendon healing, the role of inflammation in tendon healing is less well understood. While inflammation underlies chronic tendinopathy, it also aids debris clearance and signals tissue repair. Here, we highlight recent findings in this area, focusing on the cells and cytokines involved in reparative inflammation. We also discuss findings from other model systems when research in tendon is minimal, and explore recent studies in the treatment of human tendinopathy to glean further insights into the immunobiology of tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Arvind
- Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alice H. Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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174
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Alinezhadbalalami N, Graybill PM, Imran KM, Verbridge SS, Allen IC, Davalos RV. Generation of Tumor-activated T cells using electroporation. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 142:107886. [PMID: 34303065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Expansion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is a crucial step in almost all cancer immunotherapeutic methods. Current techniques for expansion of tumor-reactive CTLs present major limitations. This study introduces a novel method to effectively produce and expand tumor-activated CTLs using high-voltage pulsed electric fields. We hypothesize that utilizing high-voltage pulsed electric fields may be an ideal method to activate and expand CTLs due to their non-thermal celldeath mechanism. Tumor cells were subjected to high-frequency irreversible electroporation (HFIRE) with various electric field magnitudes (1250, 2500 V/cm) and pulse widths (1, 5, and 10 µs), or irreversible electroporation (IRE) at 1250 V/cm. The treated tumor cells were subsequently cocultured with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells along with antigen-presenting cells. We show that tumor-activated CTLs can be produced and expanded when exposed to treated tumor cells. Our results suggest that CTLs are more effectively expanded when pulsed with HFIRE conditions that induce significant cell death (longer pulse widths and higher voltages). Activated CD8+ T cells demonstrate cytotoxicity to untreated tumor cells suggesting effector function of the activated CTLs. The activated CTLs produced with our technique could be used for clinical applications with the goal of targeting and eliminating the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Alinezhadbalalami
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, 325 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Sciences, Virginia Tech, Kelly Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Philip M Graybill
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Goodwin Hall, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Sciences, Virginia Tech, Kelly Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Khan Mohammad Imran
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, 1 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA; Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Sciences, Virginia Tech, Kelly Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Scott S Verbridge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, 325 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Sciences, Virginia Tech, Kelly Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Irving C Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Sciences, Virginia Tech, Kelly Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Rafael V Davalos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, 325 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Goodwin Hall, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Sciences, Virginia Tech, Kelly Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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175
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Zhao C, Zhang Y, Zheng H. The Effects of Interferons on Allogeneic T Cell Response in GVHD: The Multifaced Biology and Epigenetic Regulations. Front Immunol 2021; 12:717540. [PMID: 34305954 PMCID: PMC8297501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.717540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a potentially curative therapy for hematological malignancies. This beneficial effect is derived mainly from graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects mediated by alloreactive T cells. However, these alloreactive T cells can also induce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a life-threatening complication after allo-HSCT. Significant progress has been made in the dissociation of GVL effects from GVHD by modulating alloreactive T cell immunity. However, many factors may influence alloreactive T cell responses in the host undergoing allo-HSCT, including the interaction of alloreactive T cells with both donor and recipient hematopoietic cells and host non-hematopoietic tissues, cytokines, chemokines and inflammatory mediators. Interferons (IFNs), including type I IFNs and IFN-γ, primarily produced by monocytes, dendritic cells and T cells, play essential roles in regulating alloreactive T cell differentiation and function. Many studies have shown pleiotropic effects of IFNs on allogeneic T cell responses during GVH reaction. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are important to regulate IFNs’ production and function during GVHD. In this review, we discuss recent findings from preclinical models and clinical studies that characterize T cell responses regulated by IFNs and epigenetic mechanisms, and further discuss pharmacological approaches that modulate epigenetic effects in the setting of allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhao
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Zheng
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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176
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Gocher AM, Workman CJ, Vignali DAA. Interferon-γ: teammate or opponent in the tumour microenvironment? Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 22:158-172. [PMID: 34155388 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy offers substantive benefit to patients with various tumour types, in some cases leading to complete tumour clearance. However, many patients do not respond to immunotherapy, galvanizing the field to define the mechanisms of pre-existing and acquired resistance. Interferon-γ (IFNγ) is a cytokine that has both protumour and antitumour activities, suggesting that it may serve as a nexus for responsiveness to immunotherapy. Many cancer immunotherapies and chemotherapies induce IFNγ production by various cell types, including activated T cells and natural killer cells. Patients resistant to these therapies commonly have molecular aberrations in the IFNγ signalling pathway or express resistance molecules driven by IFNγ. Given that all nucleated cells can respond to IFNγ, the functional consequences of IFNγ production need to be carefully dissected on a cell-by-cell basis. Here, we review the cells that produce IFNγ and the different effects of IFNγ in the tumour microenvironment, highlighting the pleiotropic nature of this multifunctional and abundant cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Gocher
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Creg J Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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177
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Gokina NI, Fairchild RI, Prakash K, DeLance NM, Bonney EA. Deficiency in CD4 T Cells Leads to Enhanced Postpartum Internal Carotid Artery Vasoconstriction in Mice: The Role of Nitric Oxide. Front Physiol 2021; 12:686429. [PMID: 34220551 PMCID: PMC8242360 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.686429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of postpartum (PP) stroke is increased in complicated pregnancies. Deficiency in CD4 T cell subsets is associated with preeclampsia and may contribute to PP vascular disease, including internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis and stroke. We hypothesized that CD4 T cell deficiency in pregnancy would result in ICA dysregulation, including enhanced ICA vasoconstriction. We characterized the function, mechanical behavior, and structure of ICAs from C57BL/6 (WT) and CD4 deficient (CD4KO) mice, and assessed the role of NO in the control of ICA function at pre-conception and PP. WT and CD4KO mice were housed under pathogen-free conditions, mated to same-strain males, and allowed to litter or left virgin. At 3 days or 4 weeks PP, mice were euthanized. The responses to phenylephrine (PE), high K+ and acetylcholine (ACh) were assessed in pressurized ICAs before and after NOS inhibition. Passive lumen diameters were measured at 3–140 mmHg. eNOS and iNOS expression as well as the presence of T cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Constriction of WT ICAs to PE was not modified PP. In contrast, responses to PE were significantly increased in ICAs from PP as compared to virgin CD4KO mice. Constriction to high K+ was not enhanced PP. ICAs from WT and CD4KO mice were equally sensitive to ACh with a significant rightward shift of dose-response curves after L-NNA treatment. NOS inhibition enhanced PE constriction of ICAs from WT virgin and PP mice. Although a similar effect was detected in ICAs of virgin CD4KO mice, no such changes were observed in vessels from PP CD4KO mice. Passive arterial distensibility at physiological levels of pressure was not modified at PP. ICA diameters were significantly increased in PP with no change in vascular wall thickness. Comparison of eNOS expression in virgin, 3 days and 4 weeks PP revealed a reduced expression in ICA from CD4 KO vs. WT PP vessels which reached significance at 4 weeks PP. iNos expression was similar and decreased over the PP period in vessels from WT and CD4KO mice. Dysregulation of the CD4 T cell population in pregnancy may make ICA vulnerable to vasospasm due to decreased NO-dependent control of ICA constriction. This may lead to cerebral hypoperfusion and increase the risk of maternal PP stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I Gokina
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Rebecca I Fairchild
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Kirtika Prakash
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Nicole M DeLance
- Microscopy Imaging Center, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Bonney
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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178
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Abstract
Introduction: Innate immunity is armed with interferons (IFNs) that link innate immunity to adaptive immunity to generate long-term and protective immune responses against invading pathogens and tumors. However, regulation of IFN production is crucial because chronic IFN responses can have deleterious effects on both antitumor and antimicrobial immunity in addition to provoking autoinflammatory or autoimmune conditions.Areas covered: Here, we focus on the accumulated evidence on antimicrobial and antitumor activities of type I and II IFNs. We first summarize the intracellular and intercellular mechanisms regulating IFN production and signaling. Then, we discuss the mechanisms modulating the dual nature of IFNs for both antitumor and antimicrobial immune responses. Finally, we review the detrimental role of IFNs for induction of autoinflammation and autoimmunity.Expert opinion: The current evidence suggests that the dual role of IFNs for antimicrobial and antitumor immunity is dependent not only on the timing, administration route, and dose of IFNs but also on the type of pathogen/tumor. Therefore, we think that combinatorial therapies involving IFN-inducing adjuvants and immune-checkpoint blockers may offer therapeutic potential, especially for cancer, whereas infectious, autoinflammatory or autoimmune diseases require fine adjustment of timing, dose, and route of the administration for candidate IFN-based vaccines or immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Temizoz
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
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179
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Jarrell JA, Sytsma BJ, Wilson LH, Pan FL, Lau KHWJ, Kirby GTS, Lievano AA, Pawell RS. Numerical optimization of microfluidic vortex shedding for genome editing T cells with Cas9. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11818. [PMID: 34083685 PMCID: PMC8175688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic vortex shedding (µVS) can rapidly deliver mRNA to T cells with high yield and minimal perturbation of the cell state. The mechanistic underpinning of µVS intracellular delivery remains undefined and µVS-Cas9 genome editing requires further studies. Herein, we evaluated a series of µVS devices containing splitter plates to attenuate vortex shedding and understand the contribution of computed force and frequency on efficiency and viability. We then selected a µVS design to knockout the expression of the endogenous T cell receptor in primary human T cells via delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) with and without brief exposure to an electric field (eµVS). µVS alone resulted in an equivalent yield of genome-edited T cells relative to electroporation with improved cell quality. A 1.8-fold increase in editing efficiency was demonstrated with eµVS with negligible impact on cell viability. Herein, we demonstrate efficient processing of 5 × 106 cells suspend in 100 µl of cGMP OptiMEM in under 5 s, with the capacity of a single device to process between 106 to 108 in 1 to 30 s. Cumulatively, these results demonstrate the rapid and robust utility of µVS and eµVS for genome editing human primary T cells with Cas9 RNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Giles T S Kirby
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
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180
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Dai YH, Wang YF, Shen PC, Lo CH, Yang JF, Lin CS, Chao HL, Huang WY. Radiosensitivity index emerges as a potential biomarker for combined radiotherapy and immunotherapy. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:40. [PMID: 34078917 PMCID: PMC8172905 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of immunotherapy, there lacks of a reliable genomic predictor to identify optimal patient populations in combined radiotherapy and immunotherapy (CRI). The purpose of this study is to investigate whether genomic scores defining radiosensitivity are associated with immune response. Genomic data from Merged Microarray-Acquired dataset (MMD) were established and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were obtained. Based on rank-based regression model including 10 genes, radiosensitivity index (RSI) was calculated. A total of 12832 primary tumours across 11 major cancer types were analysed for the association with DNA repair, cellular stemness, macrophage polarisation, and immune subtypes. Additional 585 metastatic tissues were extracted from MET500. RSI was stratified into RSI-Low and RSI-High by a cutpoint of 0.46. Proteomic differential analysis was used to identify significant proteins according to RSI categories. Gene Set Variance Analysis (GSVA) was applied to measure the genomic pathway activity (18 genes for T-cell inflamed activity). Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed for survival analysis. RSI was significantly associated with homologous DNA repair, cancer stemness and immune-related molecular features. Lower RSI was associated with higher fraction of M1 macrophage. Differential proteomic analysis identified significantly higher TAP2 expression in RSI-Low colorectal tumours. In the TCGA cohort, dominant interferon-γ (IFN-γ) response was characterised by low RSI and predicted better response to programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade. In conclusion, in addition to radiation response, our study identified RSI to be associated with various immune-related features and predicted response to PD-1 blockade, thus, highlighting its potential as a candidate biomarker for CRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hong Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Fu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chien Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Lo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Fu Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Shu Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Lung Chao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Instititue of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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181
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Inoue T, Byrne T, Inoue M, Tait ME, Wall P, Wang A, Dermyer MR, Laklai H, Binder JJ, Lees C, Hollingsworth R, Maruri-Avidal L, Kirn DH, McDonald DM. Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Gene Modification and Cytokine Expression Effects on Tumor Infection, Immune Response, and Killing. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1481-1494. [PMID: 34045231 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic vaccinia viruses have promising efficacy and safety profiles in cancer therapy. Although antitumor activity can be increased by manipulating viral genes, the relative efficacy of individual modifications has been difficult to assess without side-by-side comparisons. This study sought to compare the initial antitumor activity after intravenous administration of five vaccinia virus variants of the same Western Reserve backbone and thymidine kinase gene deletion in RIP-Tag2 transgenic mice with spontaneous pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Tumors had focal regions of infection at 5 days after all viruses. Natural killer (NK) cells were restricted to these sites of infection, but CD8+ T cells and tumor cell apoptosis were widespread and varied among the viruses. Antitumor activity of virus VV-A34, bearing amino acid substitution A34K151E to increase viral spreading, and virus VV-IL2v, expressing a mouse IL2 variant (mIL2v) with attenuated IL2 receptor alpha subunit binding, was similar to control virus VV-GFP. However, antitumor activity was significantly greater after virus VV-A34/IL2v, which expressed mIL2v together with A34K151E mutation and viral B18R gene deletion, and virus VV-GMCSF that expressed mouse GM-CSF. Both viruses greatly increased expression of CD8 antigens Cd8a/Cd8b1 and cytotoxicity genes granzyme A, granzyme B, Fas ligand, and perforin-1 in tumors. VV-A34/IL2v led to higher serum IL2 and greater tumor expression of death receptor ligand TRAIL, but VV-GMCSF led to higher serum GM-CSF, greater expression of leukocyte chemokines and adhesion molecules, and more neutrophil recruitment. Together, the results show that antitumor activity is similarly increased by viral expression of GM-CSF or IL2v combined with additional genetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyoshi Inoue
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas Byrne
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mitsuko Inoue
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Madeline E Tait
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Annabel Wang
- Cancer Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer, La Jolla, California
| | - Michael R Dermyer
- Cancer Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer, La Jolla, California
| | - Hanane Laklai
- Cancer Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer, La Jolla, California
| | - Joseph J Binder
- Cancer Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer, La Jolla, California
| | - Clare Lees
- Cancer Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer, La Jolla, California
| | - Robert Hollingsworth
- Cancer Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer, La Jolla, California
| | | | | | - Donald M McDonald
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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182
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Shrivastava T, Singh B, Rizvi ZA, Verma R, Goswami S, Vishwakarma P, Jakhar K, Sonar S, Mani S, Bhattacharyya S, Awasthi A, Surjit M. Comparative Immunomodulatory Evaluation of the Receptor Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein; a Potential Vaccine Candidate Which Imparts Potent Humoral and Th1 Type Immune Response in a Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641447. [PMID: 34108961 PMCID: PMC8182375 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly emerged novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 has proven to be a threat to the human race globally, thus, vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 is an unmet need driving mass vaccination efforts. The receptor binding domain of the spike protein of this coronavirus has multiple neutralizing epitopes and is associated with viral entry. Here we have designed and characterized the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein fragment 330-526 as receptor binding domain 330-526 (RBD330-526) with two native glycosylation sites (N331 and N343); as a potential subunit vaccine candidate. We initially characterized RBD330-526 biochemically and investigated its thermal stability, humoral and T cell immune response of various RBD protein formulations (with or without adjuvant) to evaluate the inherent immunogenicity and immunomodulatory effect. Our result showed that the purified RBD immunogen is stable up to 72 h, without any apparent loss in affinity or specificity of interaction with the ACE2 receptor. Upon immunization in mice, RBD generates a high titer humoral response, elevated IFN-γ producing CD4+ cells, cytotoxic T cells, and robust neutralizing antibodies against live SARS-CoV-2 virus. Our results collectively support the potential of RBD330-526 as a promising vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Shrivastava
- Infection and Immunology, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
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183
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A cytokine receptor-masked IL2 prodrug selectively activates tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for potent antitumor therapy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2768. [PMID: 33986267 PMCID: PMC8119481 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22980-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As a potent lymphocyte activator, interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an FDA-approved treatment for multiple metastatic cancers. However, its clinical use is limited by short half-life, low potency, and severe in vivo toxicity. Current IL-2 engineering strategies exhibit evidence of peripheral cytotoxicity. Here, we address these issues by engineering an IL-2 prodrug (ProIL2). We mask the activity of a CD8 T cell-preferential IL-2 mutein/Fc fusion protein with IL2 receptor beta linked to a tumor-associated protease substrate. ProIL2 restores activity after cleavage by tumor-associated enzymes, and preferentially activates inside tumors, where it expands antigen-specific CD8 T cells. This significantly reduces IL-2 toxicity and mortality without compromising antitumor efficacy. ProIL2 also overcomes resistance of cancers to immune checkpoint blockade. Lastly, neoadjuvant ProIL2 treatment can eliminate metastatic cancer through an abscopal effect. Taken together, our approach presents an effective tumor targeting therapy with reduced toxicity.
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184
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Yamagata K, Uzu E, Yoshigai Y, Kato C, Tagami M. Oleic acid and oleoylethanolamide decrease interferon-γ-induced expression of PD-L1 and induce apoptosis in human lung carcinoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 903:174116. [PMID: 33957086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in cancer cells provides a reasonable avenue to prevent cancer progression. Although oleate is known to exert anti-cancer effects, its PD-L1 inhibitory effects have not been proven. This study investigated the effects of oleic acid and an oleic acid metabolite, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), on PD-L1 expression and biomarkers of tumorigenesis in several cancer cell lines, namely A549, HuH-7, MCF-7, DLD-1, and LoVo cells. Specifically, we analyzed the expression of PD-L1 and several apoptosis-related genes using RT-PCR. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-induced modulation of PD-L1 protein expression was investigated using western blotting. Results indicate that IFN-γ stimulation increased the expression of PD-L1 in the chosen cancer cell lines. The IFN-γ-induced expression of PD-L1 was greater in A549 cells, than in other cancerous cell lines. In A549 cells, oleic acid and OEA decreased IFN-γ-induced expression of PD-L1, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase 3. Oleic acid and OEA decreased IFN-γ-induced phosphorylation of STAT. These results indicate that oleic acid and OEA inhibit PD-1 expression, and induce apoptosis via STAT phosphorylation. Therefore, oleic acid and OEA may prevent cancer formation through STAT phosphorylation with IFN-γ. These findings provide novel insights into the anti-cancer effects of oleic acid-rich oil, such as olive oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamagata
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University (NUBS), Fujisawa, Japan.
| | - Erika Uzu
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University (NUBS), Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yuri Yoshigai
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University (NUBS), Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kato
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University (NUBS), Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Motoki Tagami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanraku Hospital, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
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185
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Park KS, Nam J, Son S, Moon JJ. Personalized combination nano-immunotherapy for robust induction and tumor infiltration of CD8 + T cells. Biomaterials 2021; 274:120844. [PMID: 33962217 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Identification of tumor-specific mutations, called neoantigens, offers new exciting opportunities for personalized cancer immunotherapy. However, it remains challenging to achieve robust induction of neoantigen-specific T cells and drive their infiltration into the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we have developed a novel polyethyleneimine (PEI)-based personalized vaccine platform carrying neoantigen peptides and CpG adjuvants in a compact nanoparticle (NP) for their spatio-temporally concerted delivery. The NP vaccine significantly enhanced activation and antigen cross-presentation of dendritic cells, resulting in strong priming of neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells with the frequency in the systemic circulation reaching as high as 23 ± 7% after a single subcutaneous administration. However, activated CD8+ T cells in circulation exhibited limited tumor infiltration, leading to poor anti-tumor efficacy. Notably, local administration of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist promoted tumor infiltration of vaccine-primed CD8+ T cells, thereby overcoming one of the major challenges in achieving strong anti-tumor efficacy with cancer vaccination. The NP vaccination combined with STING agonist therapy eliminated tumors in murine models of MC-38 colon carcinoma and B16F10 melanoma and established long-term immunological memory. Our approach provides a novel therapeutic strategy based on combination nano-immunotherapy for personalized cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Soo Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jutaek Nam
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sejin Son
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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186
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Lahman MC, Paulson KG, Nghiem PT, Chapuis AG. Quality Is King: Fundamental Insights into Tumor Antigenicity from Virus-Associated Merkel Cell Carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1897-1905. [PMID: 33863500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare skin malignancy that is a paradigm cancer for solid tumor immunotherapy. MCCs associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus (virus-positive MCC [VP-MCC]) or chronic UV exposure (virus-negative MCC [VN-MCC]) are anti-PD(L)1 responsive, despite VP-MCC's low mutational burden. This suggests that antigen quality, not merely mutation quantity, dictates immunotherapy responsiveness, and cell-based therapies targeting optimal antigens may be effective. Despite VP-MCC's antigenic homogeneity, diverse T-cell infiltration patterns are observed, implying microenvironment plasticity and multifactorial contributions to immune recognition. Moreover, VP-MCC exemplifies how antitumor adaptive immunity can provide tumor burden biomarkers for early detection and disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda C Lahman
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kelly G Paulson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA; Medical Oncology, Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA; Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Paul T Nghiem
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Aude G Chapuis
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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187
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PD1 blockade potentiates the therapeutic efficacy of photothermally-activated and MRI-guided low temperature-sensitive magnetoliposomes. J Control Release 2021; 332:419-433. [PMID: 33677010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of PD1 blockade on the therapeutic efficacy of novel doxorubicin-loaded temperature-sensitive liposomes. Herein, we report photothermally-activated, low temperature-sensitive magnetoliposomes (mLTSL) for efficient drug delivery and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The mLTSL were prepared by embedding small nitrodopamine palmitate (NDPM)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IO NPs) in the lipid bilayer of low temperature-sensitive liposomes (LTSL), using lipid film hydration and extrusion. Doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded mLTSL were characterized using dynamic light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, electron microscopy, spectrofluorimetry, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Photothermal experiments using 808 nm laser irradiation were conducted. In vitro photothermal DOX release studies and cytotoxicity was assessed using flow cytometry and resazurin viability assay, respectively. In vivo DOX release and tumor accumulation of mLTSL(DOX) were assessed using fluorescence and MR imaging, respectively. Finally, the therapeutic efficacy of PD1 blockade in combination with photothermally-activated mLTSL(DOX) in CT26-tumor model was evaluated by monitoring tumor growth, cytokine release and immune cell infiltration in the tumor tissue. Interestingly, efficient photothermal heating was obtained by varying the IO NPs content and the laser power, where on-demand burst DOX release was achievable in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, our mLTSL exhibited promising MR imaging properties with high transverse r2 relaxivity (333 mM-1 s-1), resulting in superior MR imaging in vivo. Furthermore, mLTSL(DOX) therapeutic efficacy was potentiated in combination with anti-PD1 mAb, resulting in a significant reduction in CT26 tumor growth via immune cell activation. Our study highlights the potential of combining PD1 blockade with mLTSL(DOX), where the latter could facilitate chemo/photothermal therapy and MRI-guided drug delivery.
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188
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Hypoxia-sensing CAR T cells provide safety and efficacy in treating solid tumors. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100227. [PMID: 33948568 PMCID: PMC8080111 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to identify and attack solid tumors has proven challenging, in large part because of the lack of tumor-specific targets to direct CAR binding. Tumor selectivity is crucial because on-target, off-tumor activation of CAR T cells can result in potentially lethal toxicities. This study presents a stringent hypoxia-sensing CAR T cell system that achieves selective expression of a pan-ErbB-targeted CAR within a solid tumor, a microenvironment characterized by inadequate oxygen supply. Using murine xenograft models, we demonstrate that, despite widespread expression of ErbB receptors in healthy organs, the approach provides anti-tumor efficacy without off-tumor toxicity. This dynamic on/off oxygen-sensing safety switch has the potential to facilitate unlimited expansion of the CAR T cell target repertoire for treating solid malignancies. A dual oxygen-sensing switch provides stringent hypoxia-dependent regulation of a CAR HypoxiCAR T cells deliver tumor-selective CAR expression and anti-tumor efficacy HypoxiCAR T cells prevent on-target, off-tumor activation and cytokine release syndrome HypoxiCAR provides a strategy to expand the CAR repertoire for solid malignancies
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189
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Alizadeh D, Wong RA, Gholamin S, Maker M, Aftabizadeh M, Yang X, Pecoraro JR, Jeppson JD, Wang D, Aguilar B, Starr R, Larmonier CB, Larmonier N, Chen MH, Wu X, Ribas A, Badie B, Forman SJ, Brown CE. IFNγ Is Critical for CAR T Cell-Mediated Myeloid Activation and Induction of Endogenous Immunity. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2248-2265. [PMID: 33837065 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells mediate potent antigen-specific antitumor activity; however, their indirect effects on the endogenous immune system are not well characterized. Remarkably, we demonstrate that CAR T-cell treatment of mouse syngeneic glioblastoma (GBM) activates intratumoral myeloid cells and induces endogenous T-cell memory responses coupled with feed-forward propagation of CAR T-cell responses. IFNγ production by CAR T cells and IFNγ responsiveness of host immune cells are critical for tumor immune landscape remodeling to promote a more activated and less suppressive tumor microenvironment. The clinical relevance of these observations is supported by studies showing that human IL13Rα2-CAR T cells activate patient-derived endogenous T cells and monocytes/macrophages through IFNγ signaling and induce the generation of tumor-specific T-cell responses in a responding patient with GBM. These studies establish that CAR T-cell therapy has the potential to shape the tumor microenvironment, creating a context permissible for eliciting endogenous antitumor immunity. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings highlight the critical role of IFNγ signaling for a productive CAR T-cell therapy in GBM. We establish that CAR T cells can activate resident myeloid populations and promote endogenous T-cell immunity, emphasizing the importance of host innate and adaptive immunity for CAR T-cell therapy of solid tumors.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2113.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Alizadeh
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Labs, Cellular Immunotherapy Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California.
| | - Robyn A Wong
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Labs, Cellular Immunotherapy Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Sharareh Gholamin
- Department of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Madeleine Maker
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Labs, Cellular Immunotherapy Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Maryam Aftabizadeh
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Labs, Cellular Immunotherapy Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Xin Yang
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Labs, Cellular Immunotherapy Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Joseph R Pecoraro
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Labs, Cellular Immunotherapy Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - John D Jeppson
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Labs, Cellular Immunotherapy Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Dongrui Wang
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Labs, Cellular Immunotherapy Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Brenda Aguilar
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Labs, Cellular Immunotherapy Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Renate Starr
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Labs, Cellular Immunotherapy Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Claire B Larmonier
- Department of Biopathology, Molecular Pathology Unit, Bergonié Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Larmonier
- CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Min-Hsuan Chen
- Core of Integrative Genomics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Core of Integrative Genomics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Department of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Behnam Badie
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Stephen J Forman
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Labs, Cellular Immunotherapy Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Christine E Brown
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Labs, Cellular Immunotherapy Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California.
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190
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Mahmoud HS, Almallah AA, Gad El-Hak HN, Aldayel TS, Abdelrazek HMA, Khaled HE. The effect of dietary supplementation with Nigella sativa (black seeds) mediates immunological function in male Wistar rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7542. [PMID: 33824353 PMCID: PMC8024296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of dietary Nigella sativa on the cell-mediated immune response. Eighteen male Wistar rats were divided equally into a control group and treated groups that received black seeds at rates of 30 and 50 g/kg in the diet (Sa30 and Sa50 groups, respectively, for 30 days. The weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and cell-mediated immune response were monitored after the injection of 0.1 mL of 10% phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The intumesce index, serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), interleukin-12 (IL-12), gamma interferon (γ-IF) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were determined. Histopathological examination and an immunohistochemistry analysis of splenic caspase-3 and CD8 were performed. Nigella sativa significantly improved the weight gain and FCR. Intumesce index of Sa50 group was significantly increased. Nigella sativa significantly increased TAC, CAT, IL-12, γ-IF and TNF-α. A histological examination of PHA-stimulated foot pads showed increased leukocyte infiltration and edema in a dose-dependent pattern. Splenic caspase-3 and CD8 showed significant decreases and increases, respectively, in the Sa30 and Sa50 groups. The results indicate that Nigella sativa seeds exhibit immunostimulatory function through their antioxidant potential, induction of cytokine production, promotion of CD8 expression and reduction of splenic apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Salah Mahmoud
- Center of Scientific Foundation for Experimental Studies and Research, Ismailia, 41511, Egypt
| | - Amani A Almallah
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Heba Nageh Gad El-Hak
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Tahany Saleh Aldayel
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Heba M A Abdelrazek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Howayda E Khaled
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Suez University, Ismailia, 43533, Egypt
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191
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Bhingardive V, Le Saux G, Edri A, Porgador A, Schvartzman M. Nanowire Based Guidance of the Morphology and Cytotoxic Activity of Natural Killer Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007347. [PMID: 33719212 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells is regulated by many chemical and physical cues, whose integration mechanism is still obscure. Here, a multifunctional platform is engineered for NK cell stimulation, to study the effect of the signal integration and spatial heterogeneity on NK cell function. The platform is based on nanowires, whose mechanical compliance and site-selective tip functionalization with antigens produce the physical and chemical stimuli, respectively. The nanowires are confined to micron-sized islands, which induce a splitting of the NK cells into two subpopulations with distinct morphologies and immune responses: NK cells atop the nanowire islands display symmetrical spreading and enhanced activation, whereas cells lying in the straits between the islands develop elongated profiles and show lower activation levels. The demonstrated tunability of NK cell cytotoxicity provides an important insight into the mechanism of their immune function and introduces a novel technological route for the ex vivo shaping of cytotoxic lymphocytes in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj Bhingardive
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Guillaume Le Saux
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Avishay Edri
- Genetics Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Angel Porgador
- Genetics Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Mark Schvartzman
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
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192
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Kumar S, Singh SK, Rana B, Rana A. Tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cell antitumor efficacy and exhaustion: molecular insights. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:951-967. [PMID: 33450394 PMCID: PMC8131230 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Host immunity has an essential role in the clinical management of cancers. Therefore, it is advantageous to choose therapies that can promote tumor cell death and concurrently boost host immunity. The dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME) determines whether an antineoplastic drug will elicit favorable or disparaging immune responses from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). CD8+ T cells are one of the primary tumor-infiltrating immune cells that deliver antitumor responses. Here, we review the influence of various factors in the TME on CD8+ T cell exhaustion and survival, and possible strategies for restoring CD8+ T cell effector function through immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Basabi Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA; University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA; University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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193
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Peng HY, Lucavs J, Ballard D, Das JK, Kumar A, Wang L, Ren Y, Xiong X, Song J. Metabolic Reprogramming and Reactive Oxygen Species in T Cell Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652687. [PMID: 33868291 PMCID: PMC8044852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells undergo metabolic reprogramming and multiple biological processes to satisfy their energetic and biosynthetic demands throughout their lifespan. Several of these metabolic pathways result in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The imbalance between ROS generation and scavenging could result in severe damage to the cells and potential cell death, ultimately leading to T cell-related diseases. Interestingly, ROS play an essential role in T cell immunity. Here, we introduce the important connectivity between T cell lifespan and the metabolic reprogramming among distinct T cell subsets. We also discuss the generation and sources of ROS production within T cell immunity as well as highlight recent research concerning the effects of ROS on T cell activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yun Peng
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jason Lucavs
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Darby Ballard
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Jugal Kishore Das
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Liqing Wang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Yijie Ren
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Xiaofang Xiong
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Jianxun Song
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
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194
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The HSP70-fused foot-and-mouth disease epitope elicits cellular and humoral immunity and drives broad-spectrum protective efficacy. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:42. [PMID: 33772029 PMCID: PMC7998017 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00304-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines have significant limitations, including side effects due to oil emulsions at the vaccination site, a narrow spectrum of protective efficacy, and incomplete host defenses mediated by humoral immunity alone. To overcome these limitations, new FMD vaccines must ensure improved safety with non-oil-based adjuvants, a broad spectrum of host defenses within/between serotypes, and the simultaneous induction of cellular and humoral immunity. We designed a novel, immune-potent, recombinant protein rpHSP70-AD that induces robust cellular immunity and elicits a broad spectrum of host defenses against FMD virus (FMDV) infections. We demonstrated that an oil emulsion-free vaccine containing rpHSP70-AD mediates early, mid-term, and long-term immunity and drives potent host protection against FMDV type O and A, suggesting its potential as an FMD vaccine adjuvant in mice and pigs. These results suggest a key strategy for establishing next-generation FMD vaccines, including novel adjuvants.
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195
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Moatasim Y, Kandeil A, Mostafa A, Kutkat O, Sayes ME, El Taweel AN, AlKhazindar M, AbdElSalam ET, El-Shesheny R, Kayali G, Ali MA. Impact of Individual Viral Gene Segments from Influenza A/H5N8 Virus on the Protective Efficacy of Inactivated Subtype-Specific Influenza Vaccine. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030368. [PMID: 33808583 PMCID: PMC8003407 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence in 2014, the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 virus has continuously and rapidly spread worldwide in the poultry sector resulting in huge economic losses. A typical inactivated H5N8 vaccine is prepared using the six internal genes from A/PR8/1934 (H1N1) and the two major antigenic proteins (HA and NA) from the circulating H5N8 strain with the HA modified to a low pathogenic form (PR8HA/NA-H5N8). The contribution of the other internal proteins from H5N8, either individually or in combination, to the overall protective efficacy of PR8-based H5N8 vaccine has not been investigated. Using reverse genetics, a set of PR8-based vaccines expressing the individual proteins from an H5N8 strain were rescued and compared to the parent PR8 and low pathogenic H5N8 strains and the commonly used PR8HA/NA-H5N8. Except for the PR8-based vaccine strains expressing the HA of H5N8, none of the rescued combinations could efficiently elicit virus-neutralizing antibodies. Compared to PR8, the non-HA viral proteins provided some protection to infected chickens six days post infection. We assume that this late protection was related to cell-based immunity rather than antibody-mediated immunity. This may explain the slight advantage of using full low pathogenic H5N8 instead of PR8HA/NA-H5N8 to improve protection by both the innate and the humoral arms of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassmin Moatasim
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, National Research Centre, Environmental Research Division, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (M.E.S.); (A.N.E.T.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, National Research Centre, Environmental Research Division, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (M.E.S.); (A.N.E.T.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, National Research Centre, Environmental Research Division, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (M.E.S.); (A.N.E.T.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Omnia Kutkat
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, National Research Centre, Environmental Research Division, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (M.E.S.); (A.N.E.T.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Mohamed El Sayes
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, National Research Centre, Environmental Research Division, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (M.E.S.); (A.N.E.T.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Ahmed N. El Taweel
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, National Research Centre, Environmental Research Division, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (M.E.S.); (A.N.E.T.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Maha AlKhazindar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamaa Street, Giza 12613, Egypt; (M.A.); (E.T.A.)
| | - Elsayed T. AbdElSalam
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamaa Street, Giza 12613, Egypt; (M.A.); (E.T.A.)
| | - Rabeh El-Shesheny
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, National Research Centre, Environmental Research Division, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (M.E.S.); (A.N.E.T.); (R.E.-S.)
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ghazi Kayali
- Human Link, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (G.K.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, National Research Centre, Environmental Research Division, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (M.E.S.); (A.N.E.T.); (R.E.-S.)
- Correspondence: (G.K.); (M.A.A.)
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196
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Reprograming of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Breast Tumor-Bearing Mice under Chemotherapy by Targeting Heme Oxygenase-1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030470. [PMID: 33809707 PMCID: PMC8002331 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent one of the most abundant components of the tumor microenvironment and play important roles in tumor development and progression. TAMs display plasticity and functional heterogeneity as reflected by distinct phenotypic subsets. TAMs with an M1 phenotype have proinflammatory and anti-tumoral properties whereas M2-like TAMs exert anti-inflammatory and pro-tumoral functions. Tumor cell debris generated during chemotherapy can stimulate primary tumor growth and recurrence. According to our previous study, phagocytic engulfment of breast tumor cell debris by TAMs attenuated chemotherapeutic efficacy through the upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). To verify the impact of HO-1 upregulation on the profile of macrophage polarization during cytotoxic therapy, we utilized a syngeneic murine breast cancer (4T1) model in which tumor bearing mice were treated with paclitaxel (PTX). PTX treatment markedly downregulated the surface expression of the M1 marker CD86 in infiltrated TAMs. Notably, there were significantly more cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in tumors of mice treated with PTX plus the HO-1 inhibitor, zinc protophorphyrin IX (ZnPP) than in mice treated with PTX alone. Interestingly, the tumor-inhibiting efficacy of PTX and ZnPP co-treatment was abrogated when macrophages were depleted by clodronate liposomes. Macrophage depletion also decreased the intratumoral CD8+ T cell population and downregulated the expression of Cxcl9 and Cxcl10. The expression of the M1 phenotype marker, CD86 was higher in mice injected with PTX plus ZnPP than that in mice treated with PTX alone. Conversely, the PTX-induced upregulation of the M2 marker gene, Il10 in CD11b+ myeloid cells from 4T1 tumor-bearing mice treated was dramatically reduced by the administration of the HO-1 inhibitor. Genetic ablation of HO-1 abolished the inhibitory effect of 4T1 tumor cell debris on expression of M1 marker genes, Tnf and Il12b, in LPS-stimulated BMDMs. HO-1-deficient BMDMs exposed to tumor cell debris also exhibited a diminished expression of the M2 macrophage marker, CD206. These findings, taken all together, provide strong evidence that HO-1 plays a pivotal role in the transition of tumor-inhibiting M1-like TAMs to tumor-promoting M2-like ones during chemotherapy.
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197
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Moratin H, Ickrath P, Scherzad A, Meyer TJ, Naczenski S, Hagen R, Hackenberg S. Investigation of the Immune Modulatory Potential of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Human Lymphocytes. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030629. [PMID: 33802496 PMCID: PMC7999554 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) are commonly used for a variety of applications in everyday life. In addition, due to its versatility, nanotechnology supports promising approaches in the medical sector. NP can act as drug-carriers in the context of targeted chemo- or immunotherapy, and might also exhibit autonomous immune-modulatory characteristics. Knowledge of potential immunosuppressive or stimulating effects of NP is indispensable for the safety of consumers as well as patients. In this study, primary human peripheral blood lymphocytes of 9 donors were treated with different sub-cytotoxic concentrations of ZnO-NP for the duration of 1, 2, or 3 days. Flow cytometry was performed to investigate changes in the activation profile and the proportion of T cell subpopulations. ZnO-NP applied in this study did not induce any significant alterations in the examined markers, indicating their lack of impairment in terms of immune modulation. However, physicochemical characteristics exert a major influence on NP-associated bioactivity. To allow a precise simulation of the complex molecular processes of immune modulation, a physiological model including the different components of an immune response is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Moratin
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (P.I.); Tel.: +49-931-201-21323 (H.M.)
| | - Pascal Ickrath
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (P.I.); Tel.: +49-931-201-21323 (H.M.)
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198
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Galiano-Landeira J, Torra A, Vila M, Bové J. CD8 T cell nigral infiltration precedes synucleinopathy in early stages of Parkinson's disease. Brain 2021; 143:3717-3733. [PMID: 33118032 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no consensus on the exact role of the adaptive immune system in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis, although there is increasing evidence that it is somehow involved. Moreover, T cell infiltration in the brain has not been thoroughly studied in Parkinson's disease and no study has assessed the infiltration in incidental Lewy body diseases cases that are considered to be early presymptomatic stages of the disease. In this study, we performed an immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence quantitative and phenotypic assessment of T cell infiltration in human substantia nigra pars compacta and analysed the correlations with neuronal death and synucleinopathy throughout different stages of the disease. We included two groups of incidental Lewy disease in the study. One of the groups, which is believed to be the earliest stage of the disease, showed α-synuclein aggregates only in the olfactory bulb. The second group also presented α-synuclein aggregates in the substantia nigra. We also assessed the formation of different α-synuclein aggregates throughout the different stages of the unified staging system for Lewy body disorders (I to IV). We found that CD8 T cells were increased in diagnosed Parkinson's disease cases compared to the control group and their density positively correlated with neuronal death. Some of the infiltrating CD8 T cells were indeed contacting dopaminergic neurons. No differences were found regarding CD4 T cells. In the earliest stage of the disease, when substantia nigra α-synuclein aggregation is absent, we found a robust CD8 T cell infiltration and no dopaminergic neuronal death yet. Conversely, in the next stage we found neuronal loss and a milder CD8 T cell infiltration. CD8 T cell infiltration paralleled that of α-synuclein accumulation and neuronal death throughout stages II to IV. We also confirmed that CD8 T cells in charge of immune surveillance and involved in the aetiopathogenesis of the disease are equipped with cytolytic enzymes (granzyme A, B and K) and/or proinflammatory cytokines (interferon gamma), and that phenotypic differences were observed between early and late stages of the disease. We also demonstrate that a high proportion of nigral CD8 T cells are tissue resident memory T cells. Our results show that nigral cytotoxic CD8 T cell infiltration is an earlier pathogenic event than α-synuclein aggregation and neuronal death and that it parallels the progression of neuronal death and synucleinopathy in Parkinson's disease. Overall, our study suggests that CD8 T cell cytotoxic attack may initiate and propagate neuronal death and synucleinopathy in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Galiano-Landeira
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Torra
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Vila
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Bové
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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199
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Jiang CT, Chen KG, Liu A, Huang H, Fan YN, Zhao DK, Ye QN, Zhang HB, Xu CF, Shen S, Xiong MH, Du JZ, Yang XZ, Wang J. Immunomodulating nano-adaptors potentiate antibody-based cancer immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1359. [PMID: 33649336 PMCID: PMC7921676 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulating effector immune cells via monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and facilitating the co-engagement of T cells and tumor cells via chimeric antigen receptor- T cells or bispecific T cell-engaging antibodies are two typical cancer immunotherapy approaches. We speculated that immobilizing two types of mAbs against effector cells and tumor cells on a single nanoparticle could integrate the functions of these two approaches, as the engineered formulation (immunomodulating nano-adaptor, imNA) could potentially associate with both cells and bridge them together like an 'adaptor' while maintaining the immunomodulatory properties of the parental mAbs. However, existing mAbs-immobilization strategies mainly rely on a chemical reaction, a process that is rough and difficult to control. Here, we build up a versatile antibody immobilization platform by conjugating anti-IgG (Fc specific) antibody (αFc) onto the nanoparticle surface (αFc-NP), and confirm that αFc-NP could conveniently and efficiently immobilize two types of mAbs through Fc-specific noncovalent interactions to form imNAs. Finally, we validate the superiority of imNAs over the mixture of parental mAbs in T cell-, natural killer cell- and macrophage-mediated antitumor immune responses in multiple murine tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Tao Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, PR China
| | - Kai-Ge Chen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, PR China
| | - An Liu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, PR China
| | - Hua Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, PR China
| | - Ya-Nan Fan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, PR China
| | - Dong-Kun Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, PR China
| | - Qian-Ni Ye
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, PR China
| | - Hou-Bing Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, PR China
| | - Cong-Fei Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, PR China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, PR China
| | - Song Shen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, PR China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Meng-Hua Xiong
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, PR China
| | - Jin-Zhi Du
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, PR China
| | - Xian-Zhu Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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200
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CD38 and Regulation of the Immune Response Cells in Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:6630295. [PMID: 33727923 PMCID: PMC7936891 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6630295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Understanding the functional mechanisms associated with metabolic reprogramming, which is a typical feature of cancer cells, is key to effective therapy. CD38, primarily a NAD + glycohydrolase and ADPR cyclase, is a multifunctional transmembrane protein whose abnormal overexpression in a variety of tumor types is associated with cancer progression. It is linked to VEGFR2 mediated angiogenesis and immune suppression as it favors the recruitment of suppressive immune cells like Tregs and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, thus helping immune escape. CD38 is expressed in M1 macrophages and in neutrophil and T cell-mediated immune response and is associated with IFNγ-mediated suppressor activity of immune responses. Targeting CD38 with anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies in hematological malignancies has shown excellent results. Bearing that in mind, targeting CD38 in other nonhematological cancer types, especially carcinomas, which are of epithelial origin with specific anti-CD38 antibodies alone or in combination with immunomodulatory drugs, is an interesting option that deserves profound consideration.
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