151
|
Zhang J, Luo W, Li Q, Xu R, Wang Q, Huang Q. Peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2018; 227:298-304. [PMID: 29132072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that dysfunction of BDNF is a possible contributor to the pathology and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Several studies have found changes of peripheral BDNF levels in ADHD, but findings are not always consistent. The aim of our study was to assess the association between peripheral BDNF levels and ADHD by using a meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic search of Pubmed, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure identified 10 articles encompassing a sample of 1183 individuals for the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was performed in a fixed/random effect model by using the software Review Manager 5.2. RESULTS Our meta-analysis suggests that peripheral BDNF levels did not differ significantly between ADHD and controls with the standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.62 (95% CI -0.12 to 1.35, p = 0.10). However, it is intriguing that BDNF levels were significantly higher in males with ADHD compared with controls (SMD = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.14-0.84, p = 0.006), whereas there was no difference in BDNF levels between ADHD female patients and control groups (SMD = 0.21,95% CI = -0.44 to 0.86, p = 0.53). LIMITATIONS High heterogeneity was noted across sampled studies, which may be a function of sample size, participants sampled, variations in study design, or other factors. CONCLUSIONS We found that though there was no significantly difference in peripheral BDNF levels between ADHD patients and control groups overall, BDNF levels were significantly higher in males with ADHD compared with controls. Our results suggested a sex-specific association between peripheral blood BDNF levels and ADHD male patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China; Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wanjun Luo
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiyang Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruoting Xu
- Department of Neurology, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China; First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiqiong Wang
- Department of Neonatology, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qitao Huang
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China; Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Krivoy A, Hochman E, Sendt KV, Hollander S, Vilner Y, Selakovic M, Weizman A, Taler M. Association between serum levels of glutamate and neurotrophic factors and response to clozapine treatment. Schizophr Res 2018; 192:226-231. [PMID: 28599751 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clozapine is the only available therapy for about 30% of schizophrenia patients otherwise refractory to antipsychotics. Unfortunately, the mechanism of action of the drug is still unknown and there are no biomarkers that can predict a positive response to clozapine. We aimed to examine serum neurotrophins and glutamate levels as putative biomarkers for clozapine response based on the hypothesized mode-of-action of the compound. Blood samples of 89 chronic schizophrenia patients maintained on clozapine were analyzed in a cross-sectional design. Serum brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), neurotrophic growth factor (NGF), glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and glutamate were determined. Differences between responders and non-responders to clozapine and correlation between clinical and biological measures were analyzed. Our sample consisted of 54 (61%) responders and 35 (39%) non-responders. Responders had higher mean BDNF levels than non-responders (2066±814 vs. 1668±820pg/ml, p<0.05. respectively) and higher serum glutamate levels (1.61±2.2 vs. 0.66±0.9pg/ml, respectively, p<0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between serum glutamate levels and positive symptoms among the clozapine-responder group (rho=0.47, p<0.005). High serum levels of BDNF and glutamate were associated with response to clozapine, while glutamate levels correlated with the psychosis severity in clozapine responders only. Large-scale, prospective longitudinal studies are needed to support these findings and the assumption that serum glutamate and BDNF can discriminate between clozapine responders and non-responders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Krivoy
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute Of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Eldar Hochman
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - Kyra-Verena Sendt
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute Of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Hollander
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - Yael Vilner
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - Mirjana Selakovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Sismanoglio General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - Michal Taler
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Belbasis L, Köhler CA, Stefanis N, Stubbs B, van Os J, Vieta E, Seeman MV, Arango C, Carvalho AF, Evangelou E. Risk factors and peripheral biomarkers for schizophrenia spectrum disorders: an umbrella review of meta-analyses. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2018; 137:88-97. [PMID: 29288491 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically appraise the meta-analyses of observational studies on risk factors and peripheral biomarkers for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. METHODS We conducted an umbrella review to capture all meta-analyses and Mendelian randomization studies that examined associations between non-genetic risk factors and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. For each eligible meta-analysis, we estimated the summary effect size estimate, its 95% confidence and prediction intervals and the I2 metric. Additionally, evidence for small-study effects and excess significance bias was assessed. RESULTS Overall, we found 41 eligible papers including 98 associations. Sixty-two associations had a nominally significant (P-value <0.05) effect. Seventy-two of the associations exhibited large or very large between-study heterogeneity, while 13 associations had evidence for small-study effects. Excess significance bias was found in 18 associations. Only five factors (childhood adversities, cannabis use, history of obstetric complications, stressful events during adulthood, and serum folate level) showed robust evidence. CONCLUSION Despite identifying 98 associations, there is only robust evidence to suggest that cannabis use, exposure to stressful events during childhood and adulthood, history of obstetric complications, and low serum folate level confer a higher risk for developing schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The evidence on peripheral biomarkers for schizophrenia spectrum disorders remains limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Belbasis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - C A Köhler
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará Medical School, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - N Stefanis
- Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - B Stubbs
- Department of Physiotherapy, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J van Os
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - E Vieta
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M V Seeman
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Complutense University of Madrid Medical School, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - A F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - E Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Association study of BDNF and DRD3 genes with alcohol use disorder in Schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2018; 671:1-6. [PMID: 29357295 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a leading risk factor of disease burden in the world. It is also commonly comorbid with over 20% of schizophrenia patients. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) have been implicated in alcohol drinking behaviour. Previous genetic studies of the BDNF and DRD3 genes produced mixed findings; however, only one study investigated two BDNF genetic markers with alcohol dependence in schizophrenia patients. We investigated 15 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DRD3 and four SNPs in BDNF for possible association with alcohol abuse or dependence in schizophrenia patients of European ancestry (N = 195). The patients were assessed for the occurrence of alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Patient Edition (SCID-I/P). We found the BDNF Val66Met to be associated with alcohol dependence (p = 0.004). We also found haplotypes across BDNF to be nominally associated with alcohol dependence. Analyses of DRD3 markers and haplotypes yielded mostly negative findings. Our findings support a role of the BDNF gene in alcohol dependence in schizophrenia patients. Larger samples are required to confirm our findings, particularly those of BDNF haplotypes.
Collapse
|
155
|
Ohnuma T, Nishimon S, Takeda M, Sannohe T, Katsuta N, Arai H. Carbonyl Stress and Microinflammation-Related Molecules as Potential Biomarkers in Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:82. [PMID: 29593588 PMCID: PMC5859354 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This literature review primarily aims to summarize our research, comprising both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, and discuss the possibility of using microinflammation-related biomarkers as peripheral biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with schizophrenia. To date, several studies have been conducted on peripheral biomarkers to recognize the potential markers for the diagnosis of schizophrenia and to determine the state and effects of therapy in patients with schizophrenia. Research has established a correlation between carbonyl stress, an environmental factor, and the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia. In addition, studies on biomarkers related to these stresses have achieved results that are either replicable or exhibit consistent increases or decreases in patients with schizophrenia. For instance, pentosidine, an advanced glycation end product (AGE), is considerably elevated in patients with schizophrenia; however, low levels of vitamin B6 [a detoxifier of reactive carbonyl compounds (RCOs)] have also been reported in some patients with schizophrenia. Another study on peripheral markers of carbonyl stress in patients with schizophrenia revealed a correlation of higher levels of glyceraldehyde-derived AGEs with higher neurotoxicity and lower levels of soluble receptors capable of diminishing the effects of AGEs. Furthermore, studies on evoked microinflammation-related biomarkers (e.g., soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1) have reported relatively consistent results, suggesting the involvement of microinflammation in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. We believe that our cross-sectional and longitudinal studies as well as various previous inflammation marker studies that could be interpreted from several perspectives, such as mild localized encephalitis and microvascular disturbance, highlighted the importance of early intervention as prevention and distinguished the possible exclusion of inflammations in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Ohnuma
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Nishimon
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayu Takeda
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sannohe
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narimasa Katsuta
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Heii Arai
- Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Abstract
Exploration of neuroimmune mechanisms is vital to the understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of mental disorders. Inflammatory and immune mechanisms are increasingly understood to underpin a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, with an ever-expanding evidence base drawn from basic science to large-scale epidemiological data. Unravelling of these mechanisms should lead to biomarker discovery and potential new avenues for therapeutics that modulate immunological mechanisms. Identification of neuroimmune biomarkers is vital to improving diagnosis, stratification and treatment of mental disorders. There is an urgent clinical need for new therapeutic approaches with poor treatment response and treatment resistance a major problem for many psychiatric disorders including depression and schizophrenia. Neurodegenerative psychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's also have clear neuroimmune underpinnings and manifest an urgent clinical need for improvements in diagnosis and research towards transformative disease-modifying treatments. This chapter provides some background on the role of the neuroimmune system in mental illness, exploring the role for biomarkers, in addition to reviewing the current state of knowledge in this exciting field. We also reflect on the inherent challenges and methodological pitfalls faced by research in this field, including the complexity of conceptualising multidimensional mental disorders and the dynamic shifting sands of the immune system.
Collapse
|
157
|
Atake K, Nakamura T, Ueda N, Hori H, Katsuki A, Yoshimura R. The Impact of Aging, Psychotic Symptoms, Medication, and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor on Cognitive Impairment in Japanese Chronic Schizophrenia Patients. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:232. [PMID: 29896133 PMCID: PMC5987164 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia can result in considerable difficulty in performing functions of daily life or social rehabilitation. Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is related to various factors, such as the psychotic severity, aging, medication, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). To date, however, no studies investigating the impact of these factors on cognitive functioning in chronic schizophrenia patients have been performed. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify those factors that influence the cognitive functioning in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Methods: Sixty-five of 116 long-term hospitalized chronic schizophrenia patients (63.8 ± 12.1 years old, M/F = 29/36) were enrolled this cross-sectional study. We investigated the relationship among the patients' age, psychotic severity, treatment medication, serum BDNF levels, and cognitive functioning (measured by the Japanese-language version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia; BACS-J). Additionally, we performed a multivariable linear regression analysis. Results: According to the partial correlation analysis, certain parameters [i.e., age, chlorpromazine (CP) equivalent, biperiden (BP) equivalent, and serum BDNF] were significantly correlated with cognitive functioning, including working memory (WM), motor function (MF), attention and processing speed (AP), and executive function (EF). For the multivariate analysis, the MF component, which had the highest correlation, was selected as the dependent variable, and the independent variables included age, Manchester Scale for chronic psychosis (ManS) total score, CP equivalent, BP equivalent, serum BDNF, estimated full scale IQ, and years of education. According to the multiple regression analysis of this model, R (multiple regression coefficient) was 0.542, the adjusted R2 (coefficient of determination) was 0.201, and only BP equivalent (β = -0.305, p = 0.030), but not age, ManS score, CP equivalent, or serum BDNF, could significantly explain MF at the 5% significant level. Conclusion: In conclusion, aging, medication (administering more antipsychotics or anticholinergics), and serum BDNF concentration are significantly correlated with cognitive dysfunction in chronic schizophrenia patients but not with the severity of psychotic symptoms. Furthermore, only the anticholinergic dosage had a significant causal relationship with MF. Thus, the use of anticholinergics in chronic schizophrenia patients with deteriorating cognitive functioning must be reconsidered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyokazu Atake
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | | | - Hikaru Hori
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Asuka Katsuki
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Reiji Yoshimura
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Bakirhan A, Yalcin Sahiner S, Sahiner IV, Safak Y, Goka E. Association of serum brain derived neurotropic factor with duration of drug-naive period and positive-negative symptom scores in drug naive schizophrenia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189373. [PMID: 29287075 PMCID: PMC5747443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to compare the serum brain derived neurotropic factor (BNDF) levels of patients with schizophrenia who had never received an antipsychotic treatment with those of a control group. Also, to analyze the relationship between the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) scores and BDNF levels of the patients during the period they were drug-naive. Materials and methods The sample of the study comprised patients who presentedto the Psychiatry Clinic and were admitted after a distinctive schizophrenia diagnosis was made in accordance with the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) diagnosis classification and who were not using and never had any antipsychotic medicine. A total of 160 participants were included in the study, 80 of whom had schizophrenia patients and 80 constituted the age- and sex-matched healthy control group. Before the start of the treatment, the serum samples to be checked for the BDNF levels were collected from the patients. Results The difference between the average BDNF levels of the groups were statistically significant (t = -5.25; p˂.001). An analysis as to whether there was a relation between the BDNF levels and the drug-naïve duration indicated no correlations. An examination of the relationship between PANSS scores and BDNF levels of the patients yielded no correlations. Discussion Serum BDNF levels seem to be one of the indicators of schizophrenia and its progress; nevertheless, we still do not have sufficient information about this neurotropic factor. In light of our study, the neurodevelopmental changes that occur at disease onset of the illness prominently affect the progress of the illness, which highlights the importance of the treatment in the early stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahim Bakirhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Elbistan State Hospital, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Yasir Safak
- Department of Psychiatry, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erol Goka
- Department of Psychiatry, Numune Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
de Bartolomeis A, Buonaguro EF, Latte G, Rossi R, Marmo F, Iasevoli F, Tomasetti C. Immediate-Early Genes Modulation by Antipsychotics: Translational Implications for a Putative Gateway to Drug-Induced Long-Term Brain Changes. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:240. [PMID: 29321734 PMCID: PMC5732183 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing amount of research aims at recognizing the molecular mechanisms involved in long-lasting brain architectural changes induced by antipsychotic treatments. Although both structural and functional modifications have been identified following acute antipsychotic administration in humans, currently there is scarce knowledge on the enduring consequences of these acute changes. New insights in immediate-early genes (IEGs) modulation following acute or chronic antipsychotic administration may help to fill the gap between primary molecular response and putative long-term changes. Moreover, a critical appraisal of the spatial and temporal patterns of IEGs expression may shed light on the functional "signature" of antipsychotics, such as the propensity to induce motor side effects, the potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying the differences between antipsychotics beyond D2 dopamine receptor affinity, as well as the relevant effects of brain region-specificity in their mechanisms of action. The interest for brain IEGs modulation after antipsychotic treatments has been revitalized by breakthrough findings such as the role of early genes in schizophrenia pathophysiology, the involvement of IEGs in epigenetic mechanisms relevant for cognition, and in neuronal mapping by means of IEGs expression profiling. Here we critically review the evidence on the differential modulation of IEGs by antipsychotics, highlighting the association between IEGs expression and neuroplasticity changes in brain regions impacted by antipsychotics, trying to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underpinning the effects of this class of drugs on psychotic, cognitive and behavioral symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta F Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Latte
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Rossi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Marmo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Binford SS, Hubbard EM, Flowers E, Miller BL, Leutwyler H. Serum BDNF Is Positively Associated With Negative Symptoms in Older Adults With Schizophrenia. Biol Res Nurs 2017; 20:63-69. [PMID: 29050493 DOI: 10.1177/1099800417735634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Older adults with chronic schizophrenia are at greater risk for functional disability and poorer health outcomes than those without serious mental illness. These individuals comprise 1-2% of the elderly population in the United States and are projected to number approximately 15 million by 2030. The symptoms of schizophrenia can be disabling for individuals, significantly reducing quality of life. Often, the negative symptoms (NS) are the most resistant to treatment and are considered a marker of illness severity, though they are challenging to measure objectively. Biomarkers can serve as objective indicators of health status. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a potential biomarker for schizophrenia and may serve as an important indicator of illness severity. METHODS A cross-sectional study with 30 older adults with chronic schizophrenia. Participants were assessed on serum levels of BDNF and psychiatric symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale). Pearson's bivariate correlations (two-tailed) and linear regression models were used. RESULTS A significant positive association ( p < .05) was found between higher serum levels of BDNF and greater severity for the NS items of passive, apathetic, social withdrawal, and emotional withdrawal. In multivariate analyses, the association remained significant. CONCLUSIONS Although the association between BDNF and NS was not in the expected direction, the data corroborate findings from previous work in patients with schizophrenia. It is possible that higher serum levels of BDNF reflect compensatory neuronal mechanisms resulting from neurodevelopmental dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasha S Binford
- 1 Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,2 Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erin M Hubbard
- 2 Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elena Flowers
- 3 Department of Physiological Nursing, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- 1 Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heather Leutwyler
- 2 Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Kudlek Mikulic S, Mihaljevic-Peles A, Sagud M, Bajs Janovic M, Ganoci L, Grubisin J, Kuzman Rojnic M, Vuksan Cusa B, Bradaš Z, Božina N. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor serum and plasma levels in the treatment of acute schizophrenia with olanzapine or risperidone: 6-week prospective study. Nord J Psychiatry 2017; 71:513-520. [PMID: 28671000 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2017.1340518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotics have been the mainstay of the treatment of schizophrenia, and their potential role in neuroprotection could be related to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). So far different effects on both serum and plasma levels of BDNF were reported related to the various antipsychotic treatments. Aim of this study was to investigate the influence of olanzapine or risperidone on both plasma and serum levels of BDNF in patients with acute schizophrenia. For 50 participants with acute episode of schizophrenia both plasma and serum BDNF, along with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impression scale, were assessed pretreatment and post treatment - after 6 weeks of either risperidone or olanzapine. Results show that a weak correlation between pretreatment plasma and serum levels of BNDF was found no longer significant after 6 weeks of treatment. Antipsychotics, olanzapine and risperidone showed no significant effect on post treatment plasma and serum levels of BDNF. Pretreatment plasma level of BDNF and PANSS positive subscale were positively correlated. Post treatment serum level of BDNF and Clinical Global Impression were negatively correlated. In conclusion, plasma and serum BDNF levels could be different markers to some extent with regard to clinical symptoms, response to therapy and outcome. The interrelation between serum and plasma BDNF should be established in further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alma Mihaljevic-Peles
- b Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine , Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Marina Sagud
- b Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine , Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Maja Bajs Janovic
- a Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Lana Ganoci
- c Department of Laboratory Diagnostics , Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Jasmina Grubisin
- a Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Martina Kuzman Rojnic
- b Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine , Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Bjanka Vuksan Cusa
- a Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia.,d Faculty of Medicine , Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek , Osijek , Croatia
| | - Zoran Bradaš
- a Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Nada Božina
- e Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medicine , Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Lv F, Chen S, Wang L, Jiang R, Tian H, Li J, Yao Y, Zhuo C. The role of microbiota in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder and the possibility of targeting microbiota as a treatment option. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100899-100907. [PMID: 29246029 PMCID: PMC5725071 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of interactions between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract has been increasingly recognized in recent years. It has been proposed that dysregulation and abnormalities in the brain-gut axis contribute to the etiology of a variety of central nervous system disorders. Particularly, dysbiosis, or impaired microbiota, has been implicated in multiple neurological and psychological disorders. The present paper reviews current evidence and theories concerning the possible mechanisms by which microbiota dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. Clinical trials that investigated the possibility of treating both illnesses by correcting and rebalancing microbiota with probiotics are also reviewed. Overall, despite the accumulated knowledge in this field, more studies are warranted and required to further our understanding of the brain-gut axis and the possibility of targeting microbiota as a treatment option for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Lv
- The department of rehabilition, The Second Affiliated Hosptial of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Suling Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Ronghuan Jiang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army, General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Tian
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yudong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Tarpada SP, Morris MT. Physical Activity Diminishes Symptomatic Decline in Chronic Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review. PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN 2017; 47:29-40. [PMID: 28936008 PMCID: PMC5601086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity has been shown to positively influence a number of parameters in chronic schizophrenia, including cognition, social well being, and quality of life. Here, we present a systematic review of randomized controlled trials reporting on reduction of positive and negative symptoms using PANSS grading after the implementation of a physical activity protocol. Review of 64 articles yielded 6 relevant to our discussion. We found that physical activity significantly improved aggregate total PANSS score as well as positive symptoms PANSS score. While negative PANSS score showe a trend toward improvement, this was nonsignificant. Overall, we find the various forms of physical activity discussed within to be an appropriate adjunct to standard pharmacotherapy for the reduction of symptoms in chronic schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip P Tarpada
- Mr. Tarpada, BA, and Morris, BA, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Matthew T Morris
- Mr. Tarpada, BA, and Morris, BA, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Kelly JR, Minuto C, Cryan JF, Clarke G, Dinan TG. Cross Talk: The Microbiota and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:490. [PMID: 28966571 PMCID: PMC5605633 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans evolved within a microbial ecosystem resulting in an interlinked physiology. The gut microbiota can signal to the brain via the immune system, the vagus nerve or other host-microbe interactions facilitated by gut hormones, regulation of tryptophan metabolism and microbial metabolites such as short chain fatty acids (SCFA), to influence brain development, function and behavior. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may play a role in shaping cognitive networks encompassing emotional and social domains in neurodevelopmental disorders. Drawing upon pre-clinical and clinical evidence, we review the potential role of the gut microbiota in the origins and development of social and emotional domains related to Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia. Small preliminary clinical studies have demonstrated gut microbiota alterations in both ASD and schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. However, we await the further development of mechanistic insights, together with large scale longitudinal clinical trials, that encompass a systems level dimensional approach, to investigate whether promising pre-clinical and initial clinical findings lead to clinical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College CorkCork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, University College CorkCork, Ireland
| | - Chiara Minuto
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College CorkCork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, University College CorkCork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College CorkCork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College CorkCork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College CorkCork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, University College CorkCork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College CorkCork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, University College CorkCork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Yoga for Schizophrenia: a Review of Efficacy and Neurobiology. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-017-0125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
166
|
|
167
|
A meta-analysis of peripheral blood nerve growth factor levels in patients with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1306-1312. [PMID: 28070123 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins particularly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) are crucial modulators in the neurodevelopment and maintenance of central and peripheral nervous systems. Neurotrophin hypothesis of schizophrenia (SCZ) postulated that the changes in the brains of SCZ patients are the result of disturbances of developing processes involving neurotrophic factors. This hypothesis was mainly supported by the abnormal regulation of BDNF in SCZ, especially the decreased peripheral blood BDNF levels in SCZ patients validated by several meta-analyses. However, the regulation of NGF in SCZ remains unclear because of the inconsistent findings from the clinical studies. Therefore, we undertook, to the best of our knowledge, the first systematic review with a meta-analysis to quantitatively summarize the peripheral blood NGF data in SCZ patients compared with healthy control (HC) subjects. A systematic search of Pubmed, PsycINFO and Web of Science identified 13 articles encompassing a sample of 1693 individuals for the meta-analysis. Random-effects meta-analysis showed that patients with SCZ had significantly decreased peripheral blood levels of NGF when compared with the HC subjects (Hedges's g=-0.633, 95% confidence interval (CI)=-0.948 to -0.318, P<0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed reduced NGF levels both in serum (Hedges's g=-0.671, 95% CI=-1.259 to -0.084, P=0.025) and plasma (Hedges's g=-0.621, 95% CI=-0.980 to -0.261, P<0.001) of the patients, and in drug-free (Hedges's g=-0.670, 95% CI=-1.118 to -0.222, P=0.003) and medicated (Hedges's g=-0.357, 95% CI=-0.592 to -0.123, P=0.003) patients with SCZ. Furthermore, meta-regression analyses showed that age, gender and sample size had no moderating effects on the outcome of the meta-analysis, whereas disease severity might be a confounding factor for the meta-analysis. These results demonstrated that patients with SCZ are accompanied by the decreased peripheral blood NGF levels, strengthening the clinical evidence of an abnormal neurotrophin profile in the patients with SCZ.
Collapse
|
168
|
Nord CL, Valton V, Wood J, Roiser JP. Power-up: A Reanalysis of 'Power Failure' in Neuroscience Using Mixture Modeling. J Neurosci 2017; 37:8051-8061. [PMID: 28706080 PMCID: PMC5566862 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3592-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, evidence for endemically low statistical power has cast neuroscience findings into doubt. If low statistical power plagues neuroscience, then this reduces confidence in the reported effects. However, if statistical power is not uniformly low, then such blanket mistrust might not be warranted. Here, we provide a different perspective on this issue, analyzing data from an influential study reporting a median power of 21% across 49 meta-analyses (Button et al., 2013). We demonstrate, using Gaussian mixture modeling, that the sample of 730 studies included in that analysis comprises several subcomponents so the use of a single summary statistic is insufficient to characterize the nature of the distribution. We find that statistical power is extremely low for studies included in meta-analyses that reported a null result and that it varies substantially across subfields of neuroscience, with particularly low power in candidate gene association studies. Therefore, whereas power in neuroscience remains a critical issue, the notion that studies are systematically underpowered is not the full story: low power is far from a universal problem.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Recently, researchers across the biomedical and psychological sciences have become concerned with the reliability of results. One marker for reliability is statistical power: the probability of finding a statistically significant result given that the effect exists. Previous evidence suggests that statistical power is low across the field of neuroscience. Our results present a more comprehensive picture of statistical power in neuroscience: on average, studies are indeed underpowered-some very seriously so-but many studies show acceptable or even exemplary statistical power. We show that this heterogeneity in statistical power is common across most subfields in neuroscience. This new, more nuanced picture of statistical power in neuroscience could affect not only scientific understanding, but potentially policy and funding decisions for neuroscience research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla L Nord
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AZ, United Kingdom, and
| | - Vincent Valton
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AZ, United Kingdom, and
| | - John Wood
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London Medical School, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P Roiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AZ, United Kingdom, and
| |
Collapse
|
169
|
Huang TL, Lo LH, Shiea J, Su H. Rapid and simple analysis of disease-associated biomarkers of Taiwanese patients with schizophrenia using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 473:75-81. [PMID: 28807542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is an extremely sensitive analytical tool for characterizing biological compounds in bio samples. In this study, we applied MALDI-TOF MS to assess potential protein biomarkers in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with schizophrenia in the acute phase, recovery phase and healthy controls in Taiwan. METHODS We recruited 40 participants, including 20 pairs of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in the acute phase, after four-week treatment with drug in the recovery phase, and 20 healthy controls. The schizophrenic patients were diagnosed using Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID), and severity was assessed by a positive and negative symptom scale at baseline and at endpoint following four-week treatment with drug. The patients' PBMCs biomarkers were rapidly measured using a technique that combines MALDI-TOF MS and principle component analysis. A receiver operating characteristic curve was created for the evaluated biomarker. RESULTS Significant differences in α-defensins 1-3 were found between the patients in acute phase with schizophrenia and the healthy controls, but not between the schizophrenic patients in recovery phase and healthy controls or between the schizophrenic patients in acute phase and in recovery phase. CONCLUSIONS α-Defensins can be biomarkers of Taiwanese patients with schizophrenia, thus supporting the hypothesis that the inflammatory response and immunity system is correlated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Moreover, the result also implies that α-defensins may be related in schizophrenia-associated disease not in efficacy of drug-treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiao-Lai Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Genomic and Proteomic Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Hua Lo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jentaie Shiea
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Skibinska M, Groszewska A, Kapelski P, Rajewska-Rager A, Pawlak J, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Szczepankiewicz A, Twarowska-Hauser J. Val66Met functional polymorphism and serum protein level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in acute episode of schizophrenia and depression. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 70:55-59. [PMID: 29331787 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) influences neuron differentiation during development as well as the synaptic plasticity and neuron survival in adulthood. BDNF has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and depression. Val66Met polymorphism and BDNF serum level are potential biomarkers in neuropsychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of BDNF gene Val66Met functional polymorphism on serum BDNF concentration in patients with schizophrenia, during depression episode and in healthy control group. METHODS 183 participants were recruited (61 patients with depressive episode, 56 females with schizophrenia, 66 healthy controls) from Polish population. Serum BDNF levels were measured using ELISA method. Val66Met polymorphism was genotyped using PCR- RFLP method. RESULTS Serum BDNF levels were not associated with Val66Met polymorphism in either of the groups. A significant increase of BDNF level in schizophrenia (p = 0.0005) and depression (p = 0.026) comparing to the control group has been observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the functional Val66Met BDNF polymorphism is not associated with BDNF serum levels, which is in line with previous findings. Replication studies on larger groups are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Skibinska
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Agata Groszewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Pawel Kapelski
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Pawlak
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Twarowska-Hauser
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Chiou YJ, Huang TL. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factors in Taiwanese patients with drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia: Effects of antipsychotics. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:382-391. [PMID: 27643618 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1224925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) are known to be related to the psychopathology of schizophrenia. However, studies focussing on drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia are still rare. METHODS Over a 5-year period, we investigated the serum BDNF levels in patients with first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia and compared them to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We also explored the association between antipsychotic doses, positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scores, and serum BDNF levels before and after a 4-week antipsychotic treatment. RESULTS The baseline serum BDNF levels of 34 patients were significantly lower than those of the controls (df = 66, P = .001). Although the PANSS scores of 20 followed-up patients improved significantly after antipsychotic treatment, the elevation of the serum BDNF levels was not statistically significant (P = .386). In addition, Pearson's correlation test showed significant correlations between pre-treatment negative scale scores and percentage changes in BDNF (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS The peripheral BDNF levels in Taiwanese patients with drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia, compared with healthy controls, did not elevate after antipsychotic treatment, and pre-treatment negative symptoms played a pivotal role in trajectories of serum BDNF levels. Large samples will be needed in future studies to verify these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Chiou
- a Department of Psychiatry , Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Tiao-Lai Huang
- a Department of Psychiatry , Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
Chen S, Jiang H, Liu Y, Hou Z, Yue Y, Zhang Y, Zhao F, Xu Z, Li Y, Mou X, Li L, Wang T, Zhao J, Han C, Sui Y, Wang M, Yang Z, Lu Y, Zhu Y, Li J, Shen X, Sun F, Chen Q, Chen H, Yuan Y. Combined serum levels of multiple proteins in tPA-BDNF pathway may aid the diagnosis of five mental disorders. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6871. [PMID: 28761093 PMCID: PMC5537244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders are severe, disabling conditions with unknown etiology and are commonly misdiagnosed when clinical symptomology criteria are solely used. Our previous work indicated that combination of serum levels of multiple proteins in tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway improved accuracy of diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we measured serum levels of tPA, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), BDNF, precursor-BDNF (proBDNF), tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) and neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR) in patients with paranoid schizophrenia (SZ, n = 34), MDD (n = 30), bipolar mania (BM, n = 30), bipolar depression (BD, n = 22), panic disorder (PD, n = 30), and healthy controls (HCs, n = 30) by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to analyze diagnostic potential of these proteins. We found, compared with HCs, that serum tPA and proBDNF were lower in SZ, BM and BD; TrkB was lower in SZ and BD; and p75NTR was declined in SZ and BM. ROC analysis showed that combined serum level of tPA, PAI-1, BDNF, proBDNF, TrkB and p75NTR was better than any single protein in accuracy of diagnosis and differentiation, suggesting that the combination of multiple serum proteins levels in tPA-BDNF pathway may have a potential for a diagnostic panel in mental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Chen
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China.,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Haitang Jiang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China.,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Neuropsychiatric, Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Hou
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China.,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Yue
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China.,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yuqun Zhang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China.,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Fuying Zhao
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China.,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China.,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China.,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Mou
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China.,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China.,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China.,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P.R. China
| | - Chongyang Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiu Sui
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P.R. China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Changshu, Suzhou, 215500, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Changshu, Suzhou, 215500, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215600, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215600, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Jingjiang, Taizhou, 214500, P.R. China
| | - Qingsong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Jingjiang, Taizhou, 214500, P.R. China
| | - Huanxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400175, P.R. China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China. .,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in Individuals With Schizophrenia and Healthy Aging: Testing the Accelerated Aging Hypothesis of Schizophrenia. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2017; 19:36. [PMID: 28534294 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-017-0794-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Schizophrenia has been hypothesized to be a syndrome of accelerated aging. Brain plasticity is vulnerable to the normal aging process and affected in schizophrenia: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important neuroplasticity molecule. The present review explores the accelerated aging hypothesis of schizophrenia by comparing changes in BDNF expression in schizophrenia with aging-associated changes. RECENT FINDINGS Individuals with schizophrenia show patterns of increased overall mortality, metabolic abnormalities, and cognitive decline normally observed later in life in the healthy population. An overall decrease is observed in BDNF expression in schizophrenia compared to healthy controls and in older individuals compared to a younger cohort. There is a marked decrease in BDNF levels in the frontal regions and in the periphery among older individuals and those with schizophrenia; however, data for BDNF expression in the occipital, parietal, and temporal cortices and the hippocampus is inconclusive. Accelerated aging hypothesis is supported based on frontal regions and peripheral studies; however, further studies are needed in other brain regions.
Collapse
|
174
|
Dinoff A, Herrmann N, Swardfager W, Lanctôt KL. The effect of acute exercise on blood concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy adults: a meta-analysis. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:1635-1646. [PMID: 28493624 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that one mechanism through which physical activity provides benefits to cognition and mood is via increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations. Some studies have reported immediate benefits to mood and various cognitive domains after a single session of exercise. This meta-analysis sought to determine the effect of a single exercise session on concentrations of BDNF in peripheral blood, in order to evaluate the potential role of BDNF in mediating the beneficial effects of exercise on brain health. MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Source, and CINAHL databases were searched for original, peer-reviewed reports of peripheral blood BDNF concentrations before and after acute exercise interventions. Risk of bias within studies was assessed using standardized criteria. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were generated from random effects models. Risk of publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and Egger's test. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored in subgroup analyses. In 55 studies that met inclusion criteria, concentrations of peripheral blood BDNF were higher after exercise (SMD = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.46-0.72, P < 0.001). In meta-regression analysis, greater duration of exercise was associated with greater increases in BDNF. Subgroup analyses revealed an effect in males but not in females, and a greater BDNF increase in plasma than serum. Acute exercise increased BDNF concentrations in the peripheral blood of healthy adults. This effect was influenced by exercise duration and may be different across genders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Dinoff
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Agrawal R, Kalmady SV, Venkatasubramanian G. In SilicoModel-driven Assessment of the Effects of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Deficiency on Glutamate and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: Implications for Understanding Schizophrenia Pathophysiology. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 15:115-125. [PMID: 28449558 PMCID: PMC5426484 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2017.15.2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective Deficient brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the important mechanisms underlying the neuroplasticity abnormalities in schizophrenia. Aberration in BDNF signaling pathways directly or circuitously influences neurotransmitters like glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). For the first time, this study attempts to construct and simulate the BDNF-neurotransmitter network in order to assess the effects of BDNF deficiency on glutamate and GABA. Methods Using CellDesigner, we modeled BDNF interactions with calcium influx via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)- Calmodulin activation; synthesis of GABA via cell cycle regulators protein kinase B, glycogen synthase kinase and β-catenin; transportation of glutamate and GABA. Steady state stability, perturbation time-course simulation and sensitivity analysis were performed in COPASI after assigning the kinetic functions, optimizing the unknown parameters using random search and genetic algorithm. Results Study observations suggest that increased glutamate in hippocampus, similar to that seen in schizophrenia, could potentially be contributed by indirect pathway originated from BDNF. Deficient BDNF could suppress Glutamate decarboxylase 67-mediated GABA synthesis. Further, deficient BDNF corresponded to impaired transport via vesicular glutamate transporter, thereby further increasing the intracellular glutamate in GABAergic and glutamatergic cells. BDNF also altered calcium dependent neuroplasticity via NMDAR modulation. Sensitivity analysis showed that Calmodulin, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and CREB regulated transcription coactivator-1 played significant role in this network. Conclusion The study presents in silicoquantitative model of biochemical network constituting the key signaling molecules implicated in schizophrenia pathogenesis. It provides mechanistic insights into putative contribution of deficient BNDF towards alterations in neurotransmitters and neuroplasticity that are consistent with current understanding of the disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rimjhim Agrawal
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Sunil Vasu Kalmady
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Zhang W, Daly KM, Liang B, Zhang L, Li X, Li Y, Lin DT. BDNF rescues prefrontal dysfunction elicited by pyramidal neuron-specific DTNBP1 deletion in vivo. J Mol Cell Biol 2017; 9:117-131. [PMID: 27330059 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjw029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (Dtnbp1) is one of the earliest identified schizophrenia susceptibility genes. Reduced expression of DTNBP1 is commonly found in brain areas of schizophrenic patients. Dtnbp1-null mutant mice exhibit abnormalities in behaviors and impairments in neuronal activities. However, how diminished DTNBP1 expression contributes to clinical relevant features of schizophrenia remains to be illustrated. Here, using a conditional Dtnbp1 knockout mouse line, we identified an in vivo schizophrenia-relevant function of DTNBP1 in pyramidal neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We demonstrated that DTNBP1 elimination specifically in pyramidal neurons of the mPFC impaired mouse pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) behavior and reduced perisomatic GABAergic synapses. We further revealed that loss of DTNBP1 in pyramidal neurons diminished activity-dependent secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Finally, we showed that chronic BDNF infusion in the mPFC fully rescued both GABAergic synaptic dysfunction and PPI behavioral deficit induced by DTNBP1 elimination from pyramidal neurons. Our findings highlight brain region- and cell type-specific functions of DTNBP1 in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and underscore BDNF restoration as a potential therapeutic strategy for schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kathryn M Daly
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Bo Liang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xuan Li
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Da-Ting Lin
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.,The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.,The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
van den Buuse M, Biel D, Radscheit K. Does genetic BDNF deficiency in rats interact with neurotransmitter control of prepulse inhibition? Implications for schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 75:192-198. [PMID: 28192174 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested a role of BDNF in the development of schizophrenia. For example, post-mortem studies have shown significantly reduced levels of BDNF protein expression in the brain of schizophrenia patients. We investigated the relationship between reduced levels of BDNF in the brain and the regulation of prepulse inhibition (PPI), a behavioral endophenotype of schizophrenia. We used BDNF heterozygous mutant rats which display a 50% decrease of mature BDNF protein levels. Previously, we observed normal baseline PPI and responses to the dopamine D1/D2 receptor agonist, apomorphine, in these rats. Here, we focused on the effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, its interaction with mGluR2/3 and mGluR5 receptors, and the PPI response to serotonergic drugs. MK-801 administration caused a dose-dependent reduction of PPI and increase of startle amplitudes. Baseline PPI and the effect of 0.02-0.1mg/kg of MK-801 were not significantly altered in male or female BDNF heterozygous rats, although the MK-801-induced increase in startle levels was reduced. Co-treatment with the mGluR2/3 agonist, LY379,268, or the mGluR5 antagonist, MPEP, did not alter the effect of MK-801 on PPI in controls or BDNF mutant rats. Treatment with the serotonin-1A receptor agonist, 8-OH-DPAT, the serotonin-2A receptor agonist, DOI, or the serotonin releaser, fenfluramine, induced differential effects on PPI and startle but these effects were not different between the genotypes. These results show that a significant decrease of BDNF protein expression does not lead to reduced PPI at baseline or changes in the regulation of PPI via NMDA receptors or serotonergic mechanisms. These findings in a genetic rat model of BDNF deficiency do not support a role for similar reductions of BDNF levels in schizophrenia in the disruption of PPI, widely reported as an endophenotype of the illness. The potential implications of these results for our understanding of changes in PPI and BDNF expression in schizophrenia are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten van den Buuse
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; The College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Davina Biel
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Institute of Psychology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Kathrin Radscheit
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
|
179
|
Perkovic MN, Erjavec GN, Strac DS, Uzun S, Kozumplik O, Pivac N. Theranostic Biomarkers for Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E733. [PMID: 28358316 PMCID: PMC5412319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly heritable, chronic, severe, disabling neurodevelopmental brain disorder with a heterogeneous genetic and neurobiological background, which is still poorly understood. To allow better diagnostic procedures and therapeutic strategies in schizophrenia patients, use of easy accessible biomarkers is suggested. The most frequently used biomarkers in schizophrenia are those associated with the neuroimmune and neuroendocrine system, metabolism, different neurotransmitter systems and neurotrophic factors. However, there are still no validated and reliable biomarkers in clinical use for schizophrenia. This review will address potential biomarkers in schizophrenia. It will discuss biomarkers in schizophrenia and propose the use of specific blood-based panels that will include a set of markers associated with immune processes, metabolic disorders, and neuroendocrine/neurotrophin/neurotransmitter alterations. The combination of different markers, or complex multi-marker panels, might help in the discrimination of patients with different underlying pathologies and in the better classification of the more homogenous groups. Therefore, the development of the diagnostic, prognostic and theranostic biomarkers is an urgent and an unmet need in psychiatry, with the aim of improving diagnosis, therapy monitoring, prediction of treatment outcome and focus on the personal medicine approach in order to improve the quality of life in patients with schizophrenia and decrease health costs worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Suzana Uzun
- Clinic for Psychiatry Vrapce, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Nela Pivac
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
180
|
Buyang Huanwu Decoction Ameliorates Poststroke Depression via Promoting Neurotrophic Pathway Mediated Neuroprotection and Neurogenesis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4072658. [PMID: 28373887 PMCID: PMC5360955 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4072658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective. The aim of the present research is to investigate the therapeutic effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) in poststroke depression (PSD) animal model and illustrate its underlying mechanism via promoting neurotrophic pathway mediated neuroprotection and neurogenesis. Methods. To induce PSD rat model, isolation housed rats that received middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery successively suffered from chronic mild stress (CMS) treatment for consecutive twenty-one days. Meanwhile, rats were correspondingly given vehicle, BHD, and fluoxetine. Then, neurologic function was scored and depressive-like behaviors were assessed by sucrose preference test, locomotor activity, novelty-suppressed feeding test, and forced swim test. Thereafter, the neuroprotection and neurogenesis related molecular markers and signaling were detected. Results. We firstly observed a significant neurological function recovery and antidepressants effect of BHD after MCAO together with CMS treatment. Our study also found that treatment with BHD and fluoxetine can significantly rescue neurons from apoptosis and promote neurogenesis in the CA3 and DG regions in the hippocampus. Notably, BHD and fluoxetine treatment can activate BDNF/ERK/CREB signaling. Conclusion. The results suggest that BHD is a promising candidate for treating PSD. Its curative effects can be attributed to neurotrophic pathway mediated neuroprotection and neurogenesis.
Collapse
|
181
|
Rao S, Martínez-Cengotitabengoa M, Yao Y, Guo Z, Xu Q, Li S, Zhou X, Zhang F. Peripheral blood nerve growth factor levels in major psychiatric disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 86:39-45. [PMID: 27898323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) plays crucial roles in promoting neural growth and survival, and mediating synaptic and morphological plasticity. Several studies investigated the correlation between peripheral NGF levels and major psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD); however, the findings were inconsistent. This meta-analysis sought to investigate blood NGF levels in patients with psychiatric disorders compared with healthy subjects and examined potential effects of blood fraction, medication and disease status. A total of 21 eligible studies, encompassing 1342 patients suffering from psychiatric disorders and 1225 healthy subjects, were enrolled in the present meta-analysis. No obvious publication bias was observed either for SCZ, MDD or BPD by the Begg's test (P > 0.05). Random-effects meta-analysis showed that SCZ (Z = 2.14, P = 0.033, SMD = -1.08, 95% CI = -2.07 to -0.09) and MDD (Z = 2.57, P = 0.010, SMD = -0.61, 95% CI = -1.08 to -0.14) patients had significantly reduced NGF levels, compared with healthy controls. Notably, this decrease was enhanced in un-medicated patients of SCZ (P = 0.004) and medicated or chronic patients of MDD (P < 0.001). No significant difference of NGF levels was observed between BPD patients and controls (P > 0.05). These results supported an association between the reduction of NGF levels and psychiatric disorders. It remains unclear whether the change of NGF levels is a prerequisite for its function in psychiatric disorders development or merely an epiphenomenon unrelated to the pathophysiologic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuquan Rao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Mónica Martínez-Cengotitabengoa
- Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; National Distance Education University (UNED), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhiyun Guo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Qi Xu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10005, China
| | - Suiyan Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xianli Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214151, China
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
Safety and Efficacy of Adjunctive Θ Burst Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Right Inferior Parietal Lobule in Schizophrenia Patients With First-Rank Symptoms: A Pilot, Exploratory Study. J ECT 2017; 33:43-51. [PMID: 27428476 DOI: 10.1097/yct.0000000000000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND First-rank symptoms (FRS) in schizophrenia have been found to be associated with various cognitive and biological markers. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to modulate such factors. We hypothesized that rTMS adjunctive to antipsychotics will be safe and effective in treatment of FRS in schizophrenia. METHODS Schizophrenia patients with FRS randomly received either active or sham-magnetic resonance imaging navigated continuous Θ burst stimulation (cTBS)-rTMS to right inferior parietal lobule for 2 weeks; assessments were repeated. While primary outcome variables were safety profile, FRS and overall psychopathology; secondary outcomes were γ oscillatory activity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, and self-monitoring function. RESULTS No significant adverse events were reported in either group. None of the outcome measures showed sufficient power on the time by group analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study fails to demonstrate whether or not adjunctive cTBS to right inferior parietal lobule could significantly alleviate FRS. We also fail to provide evidence for whether this protocol has any effect on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, self-monitoring function, and right hemispheric γ oscillations.
Collapse
|
183
|
Misiak B, Krefft M, Bielawski T, Moustafa AA, Sąsiadek MM, Frydecka D. Toward a unified theory of childhood trauma and psychosis: A comprehensive review of epidemiological, clinical, neuropsychological and biological findings. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 75:393-406. [PMID: 28216171 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing body of research focused on the relationship between childhood trauma and the risk of developing psychosis. Numerous studies, including many large-scale population-based studies, controlling for possible mediating variables, provide persuasive evidence of a dose-response association and are indicative of a causal relationship. Existing evidence supports the specificity model, showing differential associations between particular adversities and clinical symptoms, with cumulative adversity causing less favorable clinical and functional outcomes in psychotic patients. To date, several psychological and biological models have been proposed to search for underlying developmental trajectories leading to the onset of psychosis, influencing psychopathological manifestation and negative functional outcomes due to a history of childhood trauma. In this article, we provide a unified review on the relationship between childhood trauma and psychosis by integrating results of epidemiological, clinical, neuropsychological and biological studies. The question whether psychosis with a positive history of childhood trauma should be considered as a new psychotic phenotype, requiring specific therapeutic interventions, warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Misiak
- Department of Genetics, 1 Marcinkowski Street, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Maja Krefft
- Department of Psychiatry, 10 Pasteur Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bielawski
- Department of Psychiatry, 10 Pasteur Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Marcs Institute of Brain and Behaviour, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria M Sąsiadek
- Department of Genetics, 1 Marcinkowski Street, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Frydecka
- Department of Psychiatry, 10 Pasteur Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Khademul Islam ABMM. Intronic miRNA miR-3666 Modulates its Host Gene FOXP2 Functions in Neurodevelopment and May Contribute to Pathogenesis of Neurological Disorders Schizophrenia and Autism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.15406/jabb.2017.02.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
185
|
Mostaid MS, Lee TT, Chana G, Sundram S, Shannon Weickert C, Pantelis C, Everall I, Bousman C. Peripheral Transcription of NRG-ErbB Pathway Genes Are Upregulated in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:225. [PMID: 29163244 PMCID: PMC5681734 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of peripheral gene expression patterns of transcripts within the NRG-ErbB signaling pathway, other than neuregulin-1 (NRG1), among patients with schizophrenia and more specifically treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is limited. The present study built on our previous work demonstrating elevated levels of NRG1 EGFα, EGFβ, and type I(Ig2) containing transcripts in TRS by investigating 11 NRG-ErbB signaling pathway mRNA transcripts (NRG2, ErbB1, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4, PIK3CD, PIK3R3, AKT1, mTOR, P70S6K, eIF4EBP1) in whole blood of TRS patients (N = 71) and healthy controls (N = 57). We also examined the effect of clozapine exposure on transcript levels using cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 15 healthy individuals. Five transcripts (ErbB3, PIK3CD, AKT1, P70S6K, eIF4EBP1) were significantly elevated in TRS patients compared to healthy controls but only expression of P70S6K (Pcorrected = 0.018), a protein kinase linked to protein synthesis, cell growth, and cell proliferation, survived correction for multiple testing using the Benjamini-Hochberg method. Investigation of clinical factors revealed that ErbB2, PIK3CD, PIK3R3, AKT1, mTOR, and P70S6K expression were negatively correlated with duration of illness. However, no transcript was associated with chlorpromazine equivalent dose or clozapine plasma levels, the latter supported by our in vitro PBMC clozapine exposure experiment. Taken together with previously published NRG1 results, our findings suggest an overall upregulation of transcripts within the NRG-ErbB signaling pathway among individuals with schizophrenia some of which attenuate over duration of illness. Follow-up studies are needed to determine if the observed peripheral upregulation of transcripts within the NRG-ErbB signaling pathway are specific to TRS or are a general blood-based marker of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Shaki Mostaid
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ting Ting Lee
- Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gursharan Chana
- Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Suresh Sundram
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,NorthWestern Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University and Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,NorthWestern Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian Everall
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,NorthWestern Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chad Bousman
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
186
|
De Picker LJ, Morrens M, Chance SA, Boche D. Microglia and Brain Plasticity in Acute Psychosis and Schizophrenia Illness Course: A Meta-Review. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:238. [PMID: 29201010 PMCID: PMC5696326 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia poses a tremendous health, social, and economic burden upon patients and society, indicating current treatment options remain inadequate. Recent findings from several lines of evidence have pointed to the importance of immune system involvement in not only premorbid neurodevelopmental but also subsequent symptom generation and aging processes of brain change in schizophrenia. In this meta-review, we use the summarized evidence from recent quantitative systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses of several subspecialties to critically evaluate the hypothesis that immune-related processes shape the symptomatic presentation and illness course of schizophrenia, both directly and indirectly through altered neuroplasticity. METHODS We performed a data search in PubMed for English language SRs and meta-analyses from 2010 to 2017. The methodological quality of the SRs was assessed with the AMSTAR instrument. In addition, we review in this paper 11 original publications on translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in schizophrenia. RESULTS We reviewed 26 SRs and meta-analyses. Evidence from clinical observational studies of inflammatory or immunological markers and randomized controlled drug trials of immunomodulatory compounds as add-on in the treatment of schizophrenia suggests psychotic exacerbations are accompanied by immunological changes different from those seen in non-acute states, and that the symptoms of schizophrenia can be modified by compounds such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and minocycline. Information derived from post-mortem brain tissue analysis and PET neuroimaging studies to evaluate microglial activation have added new perspectives to the available evidence, yet these results are very heterogeneous. Each research domain comes with unique opportunities as well as inherent limitations. A better understanding of the (patho-)physiology of microglial cells and their role in neuroplasticity is key to interpreting the immune-related findings in the context of schizophrenia illness exacerbations and progression. CONCLUSION Evidence from clinical studies analyzing patients' blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples, neuroimaging and post-mortem brain tissue suggests that aberrant immune responses may define schizophrenia illness' course through altered neuroplasticity representing abnormal aging processes. Most findings are however prone to bias and confounding, and often non-specific to schizophrenia, and a multidisciplinary translational approach is needed to consolidate these findings and link them to other schizophrenia hypotheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia J De Picker
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Psychiatric Center St. Norbertus, Duffel, Belgium
| | - Manuel Morrens
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Psychiatric Center St. Norbertus, Duffel, Belgium
| | - Steven A Chance
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Delphine Boche
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Lo LH, Shiea J, Huang TL. Rapid detection of alteration of serum IgG in patients with schizophrenia after risperidone treatment by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:2645-2649. [PMID: 27699909 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The aim of the study was to use a technique that combines acid hydrolysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in order to detect the serum biomarkers of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia both before and after four-week antipsychotic treatment with risperidone. METHODS During this study's two-year period, inpatients were diagnosed with schizophrenia using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. Severity was then evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale both at baseline and at endpoint following four-week treatment with risperidone. The patients' serum biomarkers were quickly measured using acid hydrolysis and MALDI-TOF MS. The resulting peptides were then analyzed using MALDI-TOF MS. We constructed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the evaluated biomarkers. RESULTS We recruited 20 pairs of participants for this study. The experimental group was treated with serum protein with HCl for 10 minutes to effectively hydrolyze abundant proteins. The target peptide, the immunoglobulin gamma chain (IgG), was then rapidly detected using this manner. A significant difference was found in the IgG levels of patients with schizophrenia before and after antipsychotic treatment. We constructed a ROC curve based on the IgG, and the area under said curve was 0.969. In comparison to conventional detection protocols, this method takes only minutes to complete and is also less costly. CONCLUSIONS This study found that applying acid hydrolysis with MALDI-TOF MS technology could rapidly differentiate serum IgG levels in patients with schizophrenia before and after being treated with risperidone. This IgG difference may enhance the understanding of mechanism of antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Lo
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jentaie Shiea
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- National Sun Yat-Sen University-Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, Taiwan
| | - Tiao-Lai Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Genomic and Proteomic Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor in physiological and pathological conditions. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 131:123-138. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that plays a key role in the central nervous system, promoting synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and neuroprotection. The BDNF gene structure is very complex and consists of multiple 5′-non-coding exons, which give rise to differently spliced transcripts, and one coding exon at the 3′-end. These multiple transcripts, together with the complex transcriptional regulatory machinery, lead to a complex and fine regulation of BDNF expression that can be tissue and stimulus specific. BDNF effects are mainly mediated by the high-affinity, tropomyosin-related, kinase B receptor and involve the activation of several downstream cascades, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase, phospholipase C-γ and phosphoinositide-3-kinase pathways. BDNF exerts a wide range of effects on neuronal function, including the modulation of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Importantly, alterations in BDNF expression and function are involved in different brain disorders and represent a major downstream mechanism for stress response, which has important implications in psychiatric diseases, such as major depressive disorders and schizophrenia. In the present review, we have summarized the main features of BDNF in relation to neuronal plasticity, stress response and pathological conditions, and discussed the role of BDNF as a possible target for pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments in the context of psychiatric illnesses.
Collapse
|
189
|
ŞİMŞEK Ş, GENÇOĞLAN S, YÜKSEL T, KAPLAN İ, AKTAŞ H, ALACA R. Evaluation of the Relationship between Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor Levels and the Stroop Interference Effect in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2016; 53:348-352. [PMID: 28360811 PMCID: PMC5353043 DOI: 10.5152/npa.2016.10234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In addition, impairment in executive functions has been reported in children with ADHD. This study investigated the presence of a relationship between Stroop test scores and BDNF levels in children with ADHD. METHODS The study was conducted in the Department of Child Psychiatry at Dicle University. The study included 49 children between 6 and 15 years of age (M/F: 42/7), who were diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV, and who did not receive previous therapy. Similar in terms of age and gender to the ADHD group, 40 children were selected in the control group. The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Present and Lifetime version was administered to all participants. Parents and teachers were administered Turgay DSM-IV-based Child and Adolescent Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale to measure symptom severity in children with ADHD. Children with ADHD underwent the Stroop test. BDNF levels were evaluated in serum by ELISA. RESULTS The ADHD and control groups did not differ in terms of BDNF levels. BDNF levels did not differ between ADHD subtypes. There was also no relationship between the Stroop test interference scores and BDNF levels. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study are in line with those in studies that demonstrated no significant role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Şeref ŞİMŞEK
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Salih GENÇOĞLAN
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Yüzüncü Yıl University School of Medicine, Van, Turkey
| | - Tuğba YÜKSEL
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - İbrahim KAPLAN
- Department of Biochemistry, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin AKTAŞ
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Rümeysa ALACA
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Nuernberg GL, Aguiar B, Bristot G, Fleck MP, Rocha NS. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor increase during treatment in severe mental illness inpatients. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e985. [PMID: 27959329 PMCID: PMC5290335 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Meta-analytical evidence suggests that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is altered in various psychiatric disorders. However, meta-analyses may be hampered by the heterogeneity of BDNF assays, lack of BDNF standard values and heterogeneity among the populations included in the studies. To address these issues, our study aimed to test, in a 'true-to-life' setting, the hypothesis that the serum BDNF level is nonspecifically reduced in acute severe mental illness (SMI) patients and increases during inpatient treatment. Consecutive samples of 236 inpatients with SMI and 100 healthy controls were recruited. SMI includes schizophrenia and severe mood disorders, and is characterized in the sample by the presence of at least 2 years of psychiatric treatment and disability. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze BDNF serum levels at admission and upon discharge controlled by confounding factors. BDNF levels increased significantly between admission and discharge in SMI patients. BDNF levels showed significant reductions compared with controls both at admission and upon discharge. In addition, BDNF levels showed no difference among SMI patient diagnostic subgroups (unipolar depression, bipolar depression, schizophrenia and manic episode). The increase but non-restoration of BDNF levels, even with the general acute improvement of clinical scores, may reflect the progression of the disorder characteristically seen in these patients. BDNF levels could be considered as a marker for the presence of a nonspecific psychiatric disorder and possibly a transdiagnostic and nonspecific marker of disease activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G L Nuernberg
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences: Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences: Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenue Ramiro Barcellos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90035-903, Brazil. E-mail:
| | - B Aguiar
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - G Bristot
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M P Fleck
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences: Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - N S Rocha
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences: Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe disorder affecting approximately 1% of the population. Historically, alterations of dopaminergic function were considered the primary cause of schizophrenia. However, for many patients, drugs that alter dopaminergic function do not consistently lead to resolution of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Thus, there is an increased interest in pathophysiologic processes that result in altered neurodevelopment and plasticity associated with schizophrenia. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin involved in neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, cognition, and neurotransmission. Genetic polymorphism, expression, and function of BDNF have been implicated in psychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia. This review discusses BDNF, its role in neurologic processes, and the evidence implicating BDNF in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Gören
- Associate Professor, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island; Senior Clinical Pharmacist Specialist, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Instructor in Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
The human BDNF gene: peripheral gene expression and protein levels as biomarkers for psychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e958. [PMID: 27874848 PMCID: PMC5314126 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates the survival and growth of neurons, and influences synaptic efficiency and plasticity. The human BDNF gene consists of 11 exons, and distinct BDNF transcripts are produced through the use of alternative promoters and splicing events. The majority of the BDNF transcripts can be detected not only in the brain but also in the blood cells, although no study has yet investigated the differential expression of BDNF transcripts at the peripheral level. This review provides a description of the human BDNF gene structure as well as a summary of clinical and preclinical evidence supporting the role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. We will discuss several mechanisms as possibly underlying BDNF modulation, including epigenetic mechanisms. We will also discuss the potential use of peripheral BDNF as a biomarker for psychiatric disorders, focusing on the factors that can influence BDNF gene expression and protein levels. Within this context, we have also characterized, for we believe the first time, the expression of BDNF transcripts in the blood, with the aim to provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms and signaling that may regulate peripheral BDNF gene expression levels.
Collapse
|
193
|
The Efficacy of Non-Pharmacological Interventions on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101766. [PMID: 27783051 PMCID: PMC5085790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the relationship between non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) and peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in schizophrenia patients. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to review the efficacy of NPIs on peripheral serum and plasma BDNF in subjects with schizophrenia (including schizoaffective disorder). Meta-analyses were conducted to examine the effects of NPIs on blood BDNF levels by using the standardized mean differences (SMDs) between the intervention groups and controls. In total, six randomized controlled trials with 289 participants were included. Of them, five studies used exercise, physical training or diet products. One study used cognitive training. Overall, the BDNF levels in the NPI group increased significantly compared with the control groups (SMD = 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.07 to 1.83, p = 0.03). Subgroup analyses indicated beneficial effects of a non-exercise intervention on peripheral BDNF levels (SMD = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.74, p = 0.01). Meta-regression analyses showed that the completion rate influenced the variation in SMD (p = 0.01). Despite insufficient evidence to draw a conclusion, our results suggest that use of NPIs as adjunctive treatments, specifically non-exercise interventions, may affect positively serum or plasma BDNF in patients with schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
194
|
Schoenrock SA, Tarantino LM. Developmental vitamin D deficiency and schizophrenia: the role of animal models. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 15:45-61. [PMID: 26560996 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder that affects 1% of the US population. Based on twin and genome-wide association studies, it is clear that both genetics and environmental factors increase the risk for developing schizophrenia. Moreover, there is evidence that conditions in utero, either alone or in concert with genetic factors, may alter neurodevelopment and lead to an increased risk for schizophrenia. There has been progress in identifying genetic loci and environmental exposures that increase risk, but there are still considerable gaps in our knowledge. Furthermore, very little is known about the specific neurodevelopmental mechanisms upon which genetics and the environment act to increase disposition to developing schizophrenia in adulthood. Vitamin D deficiency during the perinatal period has been hypothesized to increase risk for schizophrenia in humans. The developmental vitamin D (DVD) deficiency hypothesis of schizophrenia arises from the observation that disease risk is increased in individuals who are born in winter or spring, live further from the equator or live in urban vs. rural settings. These environments result in less exposure to sunlight, thereby reducing the initial steps in the production of vitamin D. Rodent models have been developed to characterize the behavioral and developmental effects of DVD deficiency. This review focuses on these animal models and discusses the current knowledge of the role of DVD deficiency in altering behavior and neurobiology relevant to schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Schoenrock
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Neurobiology Curriculum, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L M Tarantino
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
195
|
Huang TL, Lin CC, Chen RF, Lee CT. Higher blood MLL1 mRNA and BDNF promoter IV on histone H3K4me3 levels in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2016; 243:207-9. [PMID: 27419650 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the blood levels of mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) mRNA and BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor) exon IV promoter on histone Histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) in peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia and controls. Over one year, 36 patients with schizophrenia and 32 controls were recruited. Psychiatric diagnoses were made based on DSM-IV criteria. Higher blood MLL1 mRNA and BDNF exon IV promoter on H3K4me3 levels were noted in patients with schizophrenia than in controls. The results showed that blood MLL1 mRNA and BDNF exon IV on H3K4me3 levels might be involved in the psychopathology of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiao-Lai Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Chuen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Fu Chen
- Department of Medical Research & Development, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Chang Bing, Changhua 505, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Te Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
The Effect of Exercise Training on Resting Concentrations of Peripheral Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF): A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163037. [PMID: 27658238 PMCID: PMC5033477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms through which physical activity supports healthy brain function remain to be elucidated. One hypothesis suggests that increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mediates some cognitive and mood benefits. This meta-analysis sought to determine the effect of exercise training on resting concentrations of BDNF in peripheral blood. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Source, and CINAHL databases were searched for original, peer-reviewed reports of peripheral blood BDNF concentrations before and after exercise interventions ≥ 2 weeks. Risk of bias was assessed using standardized criteria. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were generated from random effects models. Risk of publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored in subgroup analyses. Results In 29 studies that met inclusion criteria, resting concentrations of peripheral blood BDNF were higher after intervention (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17–0.60, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses suggested a significant effect in aerobic (SMD = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.33–0.99, p < 0.001) but not resistance training (SMD = 0.07, 95% CI: -0.15–0.30, p = 0.52) interventions. No significant difference in effect was observed between males and females, nor in serum vs plasma. Conclusion Aerobic but not resistance training interventions increased resting BDNF concentrations in peripheral blood.
Collapse
|
197
|
Strzelecki D, Kałużyńska O, Wysokiński A. BDNF serum levels in schizophrenic patients during treatment augmentation with sarcosine (results of the PULSAR study). Psychiatry Res 2016; 242:54-60. [PMID: 27262086 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Finding a relationship between schizophrenia symptoms severity and initial level of BDNF and its changes during augmentation of antipsychotic treatment with sarcosine. METHOD 57 individuals with schizophrenia with predominantly negative symptoms completed a 6-month RCT prospective study. The patients received 2g of sarcosine (n=27) or placebo (n=30) daily. At the beginning, after 6 weeks and 6 months BDNF levels were measured. Severity of symptoms was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS). RESULTS BDNF serum levels were stable after 6 weeks and 6 months in both groups. We noted improvement in negative symptoms, general psychopathology and total PANSS score in sarcosine group comparing to placebo, however there was no correlations between serum BDNF concentrations and PANSS scores in all assessments. Initial serum BDNF concentrations cannot be used as a predictor of the improvement resulting from adding sarcosine. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that either BDNF is not involved in the NMDA-dependent mechanism of sarcosine action or global changes in BDNF concentrations induced by amino-acid cannot be detected in blood assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Olga Kałużyńska
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Adam Wysokiński
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
198
|
Mizuno Y, Hofer A, Suzuki T, Frajo-Apor B, Wartelsteiner F, Kemmler G, Saruta J, Tsukinoki K, Mimura M, Fleischhacker WW, Uchida H. Clinical and biological correlates of resilience in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A cross-sectional study. Schizophr Res 2016; 175:148-153. [PMID: 27185483 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The concept of resilience is relevant in understanding the heterogeneous outcomes noted in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, clinical and biological correlates of resilience in these populations have rarely been investigated. We aimed to identify key correlates of subjective resilience in such patients using comprehensive assessments and to explore associations between resilience levels and peripheral biomarkers. METHOD 180 subjects with DSM-IV schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and healthy controls (60 per group) were included. Demographic and clinical variables were assessed by means of interview and various psychometric scales. Furthermore, blood and saliva samples were obtained for the assessment of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and alpha-amylase levels. Cross-sectional associations with resilience, as assessed by the 25-item Resilience Scale were sought. RESULTS Resilience Scale total scores were significantly higher in healthy individuals (130.1, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 124.8-135.4) compared to subjects with schizophrenia (109.9, 95% CI: 104.6-115.2, p<0.001) and bipolar disorder (119.0, 95% CI: 113.8-124.3, p=0.012), while the difference between patient groups was non-significant (p=0.055). Self-esteem, spirituality, quality of life, and hopelessness were correlated with resilience in all three groups. In addition, internalized stigma and depression were relevant factors in the schizophrenia and bipolar disorder group, respectively. Correlations between resilience levels and peripheral biomarkers did not reach significance. CONCLUSION Although causal relationships must be confirmed in prospective studies, our results have implications in developing psychological interventions to enhance resilience in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The biological correlates of resilience in these populations warrant further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Mizuno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alex Hofer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Takefumi Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Inokashira Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Beatrice Frajo-Apor
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabienne Wartelsteiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Kemmler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Juri Saruta
- Division of Environmental Pathology, Department of Oral Science, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tsukinoki
- Division of Environmental Pathology, Department of Oral Science, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Geriatric Mental Health Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Abstract
Recent meta-analyses of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have reported lower levels in patients with schizophrenia. However, most studies did not consider the potential confounding effects of time of collection, age, sex, smoking, and obesity. Here, we sought to examine differences in serum BDNF between medicated patients with schizophrenia compared with control subjects, taking into consideration the potential confounders of serum BDNF. Serum was obtained from a sample of fasted blood collected from all participants, and BDNF was assayed on a commercially available kit. After adjusting for potential confounders, there was no statistically significant difference between cases and control subjects (p = 0.261). In the model, body mass index emerged as the most significant predictor of serum BDNF (β = 0.22, p = 0.009). The present study did not support a role for serum BDNF as a biomarker in schizophrenia. This could be due to the nonspecific nature of serum BDNF and its association with both mental and physical conditions.
Collapse
|
200
|
Kandola A, Hendrikse J, Lucassen PJ, Yücel M. Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:373. [PMID: 27524962 PMCID: PMC4965462 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise (AE) has been widely praised for its potential benefits to cognition and overall brain and mental health. In particular, AE has a potent impact on promoting the function of the hippocampus and stimulating neuroplasticity. As the evidence-base rapidly builds, and given most of the supporting work can be readily translated from animal models to humans, the potential for AE to be applied as a therapeutic or adjunctive intervention for a range of human conditions appears ever more promising. Notably, many psychiatric and neurological disorders have been associated with hippocampal dysfunction, which may underlie the expression of certain symptoms common to these disorders, including (aspects of) cognitive dysfunction. Augmenting existing treatment approaches using AE based interventions may promote hippocampal function and alleviate cognitive deficits in various psychiatric disorders that currently remain untreated. Incorporating non-pharmacological interventions into clinical treatment may also have a number of other benefits to patient well being, such as limiting the risk of adverse side effects. This review incorporates both animal and human literature to comprehensively detail how AE is associated with cognitive enhancements and stimulates a cascade of neuroplastic mechanisms that support improvements in hippocampal functioning. Using the examples of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, the utility and implementation of an AE intervention to the clinical domain will be proposed, aimed to reduce cognitive deficits in these, and related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Kandola
- Brain and Mental Health Lab, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, MelbourneVIC, Australia; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joshua Hendrikse
- Brain and Mental Health Lab, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Centre for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Murat Yücel
- Brain and Mental Health Lab, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|