151
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Ion Channels of the Sarcolemma and Intracellular Organelles in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Role in the Dysregulation of Ion Homeostasis and a Possible Target for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032229. [PMID: 36768550 PMCID: PMC9917149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by the absence of the dystrophin protein and a properly functioning dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC) in muscle cells. DAPC components act as molecular scaffolds coordinating the assembly of various signaling molecules including ion channels. DMD shows a significant change in the functioning of the ion channels of the sarcolemma and intracellular organelles and, above all, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria regulating ion homeostasis, which is necessary for the correct excitation and relaxation of muscles. This review is devoted to the analysis of current data on changes in the structure, functioning, and regulation of the activity of ion channels in striated muscles in DMD and their contribution to the disruption of muscle function and the development of pathology. We note the prospects of therapy based on targeting the channels of the sarcolemma and organelles for the correction and alleviation of pathology, and the problems that arise in the interpretation of data obtained on model dystrophin-deficient objects.
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152
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Pan D, Xu L, Shi D, Guo M. Knowledge mapping of mitochondrial calcium uniporter from 2011 to 2022: A bibliometric analysis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1107328. [PMID: 36744031 PMCID: PMC9895098 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1107328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Calcium uptake research has a long history. However, the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) protein was first discovered in 2011. As investigations of mitochondrial calcium uniporter represent a new research hotspot, a comprehensive and objective perspective of the field is lacking. Hence, this bibliometric analysis aimed to provide the current study status and trends related to mitochondrial calcium uniporter research in the past decade. Methods: Articles were acquired from the Web of Science Core Collection database. We quantified and visualized information regarding annual publications, journals, cocited journals, countries/regions, institutions, authors, and cocited authors by using CiteSpace 5.8. R3 and VOSviewer. In addition, we analysed the citation and keyword bursts related to mitochondrial calcium uniporter studies. Results: From 2011 to 2022, 1,030 articles were published by 5,050 authors from 1,145 affiliations and 62 countries or regions. The country with the most published articles was the United States. The institution with the most published articles was the University of Padua. Rosario Rizzuto published the most articles and was also the most cocited author. Cell Calcium published the largest number of articles, whereas Journal of Biological Chemistry had the most cocitations. The top 5 keywords related to pathological processes were oxidative stress, cell death, permeability transition, apoptosis, and metabolism. MICU1, calcium, ryanodine receptor, ATP synthase and cyclophilin D were the top 5 keywords related to molecules. Conclusion: mitochondrial calcium uniporter research has grown stably over the last decade. Current studies focus on the structure of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex and its regulatory effect on mitochondrial calcium homeostasis. In addition, the potential role of mitochondrial calcium uniporter in different diseases has been explored. Current studies mostly involve investigations of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Our analysis provides guidance and new insights into further mitochondrial calcium uniporter research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Pan
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Gynecological Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dazhuo Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Dazhuo Shi, ; Ming Guo,
| | - Ming Guo
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Dazhuo Shi, ; Ming Guo,
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153
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Vilas-Boas EA, Cabral-Costa JV, Ramos VM, Caldeira da Silva CC, Kowaltowski AJ. Goldilocks calcium concentrations and the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation: Too much, too little, or just right. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102904. [PMID: 36642177 PMCID: PMC9947387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a key regulator in diverse intracellular signaling pathways and has long been implicated in metabolic control and mitochondrial function. Mitochondria can actively take up large amounts of Ca2+, thereby acting as important intracellular Ca2+ buffers and affecting cytosolic Ca2+ transients. Excessive mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ is known to be deleterious due to opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and consequent membrane potential dissipation, leading to mitochondrial swelling, rupture, and cell death. Moderate Ca2+ within the organelle, on the other hand, can directly or indirectly activate mitochondrial matrix enzymes, possibly impacting on ATP production. Here, we aimed to determine in a quantitative manner if extra- or intramitochondrial Ca2+ modulates oxidative phosphorylation in mouse liver mitochondria and intact hepatocyte cell lines. To do so, we monitored the effects of more modest versus supraphysiological increases in cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ on oxygen consumption rates. Isolated mitochondria present increased respiratory control ratios (a measure of oxidative phosphorylation efficiency) when incubated with low (2.4 ± 0.6 μM) and medium (22.0 ± 2.4 μM) Ca2+ concentrations in the presence of complex I-linked substrates pyruvate plus malate and α-ketoglutarate, respectively, but not complex II-linked succinate. In intact cells, both low and high cytosolic Ca2+ led to decreased respiratory rates, while ideal rates were present under physiological conditions. High Ca2+ decreased mitochondrial respiration in a substrate-dependent manner, mediated by mPTP. Overall, our results uncover a Goldilocks effect of Ca2+ on liver mitochondria, with specific "just right" concentrations that activate oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa A Vilas-Boas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - João Victor Cabral-Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor M Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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154
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Jacobs LJHC, Riemer J. Maintenance of small molecule redox homeostasis in mitochondria. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:205-223. [PMID: 36030088 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Compartmentalisation of eukaryotic cells enables fundamental otherwise often incompatible cellular processes. Establishment and maintenance of distinct compartments in the cell relies not only on proteins, lipids and metabolites but also on small redox molecules. In particular, small redox molecules such as glutathione, NAD(P)H and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) cooperate with protein partners in dedicated machineries to establish specific subcellular redox compartments with conditions that enable oxidative protein folding and redox signalling. Dysregulated redox homeostasis has been directly linked with a number of diseases including cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, metabolic diseases and ageing. In this review, we will summarise mechanisms regulating establishment and maintenance of redox homeostasis in the mitochondrial subcompartments of mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne J H C Jacobs
- Institute for Biochemistry and Center of Excellence for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Riemer
- Institute for Biochemistry and Center of Excellence for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Germany
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155
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Melnyk A, Lang S, Sicking M, Zimmermann R, Jung M. Co-chaperones of the Human Endoplasmic Reticulum: An Update. Subcell Biochem 2023; 101:247-291. [PMID: 36520310 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14740-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays central roles in the biogenesis of extracellular plus organellar proteins and in various signal transduction pathways. For these reasons, the ER comprises molecular chaperones, which are involved in import, folding, assembly, export, plus degradation of polypeptides, and signal transduction components, such as calcium channels, calcium pumps, and UPR transducers plus adenine nucleotide carriers/exchangers in the ER membrane. The calcium- and ATP-dependent ER lumenal Hsp70, termed immunoglobulin heavy-chain-binding protein or BiP, is the central player in all these activities and involves up to nine different Hsp40-type co-chaperones, i.e., ER membrane integrated as well as ER lumenal J-domain proteins, termed ERj or ERdj proteins, two nucleotide exchange factors or NEFs (Grp170 and Sil1), and NEF-antagonists, such as MANF. Here we summarize the current knowledge on the ER-resident BiP/ERj chaperone network and focus on the interaction of BiP with the polypeptide-conducting and calcium-permeable Sec61 channel of the ER membrane as an example for BiP action and how its functional cycle is linked to ER protein import and various calcium-dependent signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Melnyk
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sven Lang
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Mark Sicking
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Richard Zimmermann
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Jung
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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156
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Colussi DM, Stathopulos PB. From passage to inhibition: Uncovering the structural and physiological inhibitory mechanisms of MCUb in mitochondrial calcium regulation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22678. [PMID: 36538269 PMCID: PMC10107711 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201080r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+ ) regulation is critically implicated in the regulation of bioenergetics and cell fate. Ca2+ , a universal signaling ion, passively diffuses into the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) through voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC), where uptake into the matrix is tightly regulated across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex (mtCU). In recent years, immense progress has been made in identifying and characterizing distinct structural and physiological mechanisms of mtCU component function. One of the main regulatory components of the Ca2+ selective mtCU channel is the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter dominant-negative beta subunit (MCUb). The structural mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect(s) exerted by MCUb are poorly understood, despite high homology to the main mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) channel-forming subunits. In this review, we provide an overview of the structural differences between MCUb and MCU, believed to contribute to the inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. We highlight the possible structural rationale for the absent interaction between MCUb and the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake 1 (MICU1) gatekeeping subunit and a potential widening of the pore upon integration of MCUb into the channel. We discuss physiological and pathophysiological information known about MCUb, underscoring implications in cardiac function and arrhythmia as a basis for future therapeutic discovery. Finally, we discuss potential post-translational modifications on MCUb as another layer of important regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Colussi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter B Stathopulos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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157
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Werbner B, Tavakoli-Rouzbehani OM, Fatahian AN, Boudina S. The dynamic interplay between cardiac mitochondrial health and myocardial structural remodeling in metabolic heart disease, aging, and heart failure. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2023; 3:9. [PMID: 36742465 PMCID: PMC9894375 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2022.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a holistic perspective on the bi-directional relationship between cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and myocardial structural remodeling in the context of metabolic heart disease, natural cardiac aging, and heart failure. First, a review of the physiologic and molecular drivers of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction across a range of increasingly prevalent conditions such as metabolic syndrome and cardiac aging is presented, followed by a general review of the mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control (QC) in the heart. Several important mechanisms by which cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction triggers or contributes to structural remodeling of the heart are discussed: accumulated metabolic byproducts, oxidative damage, impaired mitochondrial QC, and mitochondrial-mediated cell death identified as substantial mechanistic contributors to cardiac structural remodeling such as hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis. Subsequently, the less studied but nevertheless important reverse relationship is explored: the mechanisms by which cardiac structural remodeling feeds back to further alter mitochondrial bioenergetic function. We then provide a condensed pathogenesis of several increasingly important clinical conditions in which these relationships are central: diabetic cardiomyopathy, age-associated declines in cardiac function, and the progression to heart failure, with or without preserved ejection fraction. Finally, we identify promising therapeutic opportunities targeting mitochondrial function in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Werbner
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Amir Nima Fatahian
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sihem Boudina
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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158
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Gineste C, Youhanna S, Vorrink SU, Henriksson S, Hernández A, Cheng AJ, Chaillou T, Buttgereit A, Schneidereit D, Friedrich O, Hultenby K, Bruton JD, Ivarsson N, Sandblad L, Lauschke VM, Westerblad H. Enzymatically dissociated muscle fibers display rapid dedifferentiation and impaired mitochondrial calcium control. iScience 2022; 25:105654. [PMID: 36479146 PMCID: PMC9720020 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells rapidly lose their physiological phenotype upon disruption of their extracellular matrix (ECM)-intracellular cytoskeleton interactions. By comparing adult mouse skeletal muscle fibers, isolated either by mechanical dissection or by collagenase-induced ECM digestion, we investigated acute effects of ECM disruption on cellular and mitochondrial morphology, transcriptomic signatures, and Ca2+ handling. RNA-sequencing showed striking differences in gene expression patterns between the two isolation methods with enzymatically dissociated fibers resembling myopathic phenotypes. Mitochondrial appearance was grossly similar in the two groups, but 3D electron microscopy revealed shorter and less branched mitochondria following enzymatic dissociation. Repeated contractions resulted in a prolonged mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation in enzymatically dissociated fibers, which was partially prevented by cyclophilin inhibitors. Of importance, muscle fibers of mice with severe mitochondrial myopathy show pathognomonic mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation during repeated contractions and this accumulation was concealed with enzymatic dissociation, making this an ambiguous method in studies of native intracellular Ca2+ fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Gineste
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabine U. Vorrink
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Henriksson
- Umeå Core Facility for Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andrés Hernández
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arthur J. Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Chaillou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Buttgereit
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Schneidereit
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Joseph D. Bruton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Ivarsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Sandblad
- Umeå Core Facility for Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Volker M. Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Håkan Westerblad
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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159
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Genovese I, Fornetti E, Ruocco G. Mitochondria inter-organelle relationships in cancer protein aggregation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1062993. [PMID: 36601538 PMCID: PMC9806238 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1062993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are physically associated with other organelles, such as ER and lysosomes, forming a complex network that is crucial for cell homeostasis regulation. Inter-organelle relationships are finely regulated by both tether systems, which maintain physical proximity, and by signaling cues that induce the exchange of molecular information to regulate metabolism, Ca2+ homeostasis, redox state, nutrient availability, and proteostasis. The coordinated action of the organelles is engaged in the cellular integrated stress response. In any case, pathological conditions alter functional communication and efficient rescue pathway activation, leading to cell distress exacerbation and eventually cell death. Among these detrimental signals, misfolded protein accumulation and aggregation cause major damage to the cells, since defects in protein clearance systems worsen cell toxicity. A cause for protein aggregation is often a defective mitochondrial redox balance, and the ER freshly translated misfolded proteins and/or a deficient lysosome-mediated clearance system. All these features aggravate mitochondrial damage and enhance proteotoxic stress. This review aims to gather the current knowledge about the complex liaison between mitochondria, ER, and lysosomes in facing proteotoxic stress and protein aggregation, highlighting both causes and consequences. Particularly, specific focus will be pointed to cancer, a pathology in which inter-organelle relations in protein aggregation have been poorly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Genovese
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Ilaria Genovese,
| | - Ersilia Fornetti
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ruocco
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy,Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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160
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Delgado BD, Long SB. Mechanisms of ion selectivity and throughput in the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade1516. [PMID: 36525497 PMCID: PMC9757755 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter, which regulates aerobic metabolism by catalyzing mitochondrial Ca2+ influx, is arguably the most selective ion channel known. The mechanisms for this exquisite Ca2+ selectivity have not been defined. Here, using a reconstituted system, we study the electrical properties of the channel's minimal Ca2+-conducting complex, MCU-EMRE, from Tribolium castaneum to probe ion selectivity mechanisms. The wild-type TcMCU-EMRE complex recapitulates hallmark electrophysiological properties of endogenous Uniporter channels. Through interrogation of pore-lining mutants, we find that a ring of glutamate residues, the "E-locus," serves as the channel's selectivity filter. Unexpectedly, a nearby "D-locus" at the mouth of the pore has diminutive influence on selectivity. Anomalous mole fraction effects indicate that multiple Ca2+ ions are accommodated within the E-locus. By facilitating ion-ion interactions, the E-locus engenders both exquisite Ca2+ selectivity and high ion throughput. Direct comparison with structural information yields the basis for selective Ca2+ conduction by the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce D. Delgado
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology, and Molecular Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephen B. Long
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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161
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Zhang W, Liu B, Wang Y, Zhang H, He L, Wang P, Dong M. Mitochondrial dysfunction in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1079989. [PMID: 36589421 PMCID: PMC9795033 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1079989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by the increased pulmonary vascular resistance due to pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. PAH has high disability, high mortality and poor prognosis, which is becoming a more common global health issue. There is currently no drug that can permanently cure PAH patients. The pathogenesis of PAH is still not fully elucidated. However, the role of metabolic theory in the pathogenesis of PAH is becoming clearer, especially mitochondrial metabolism. With the deepening of mitochondrial researches in recent years, more and more studies have shown that the occurrence and development of PAH are closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, redox homeostasis, enhanced glycolysis, and increased reactive oxygen species production, calcium dysregulation, mitophagy, etc. This review will further elucidate the relationship between mitochondrial metabolism and pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling. It might be possible to explore more comprehensive and specific treatment strategies for PAH by understanding these mitochondrial metabolic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Geratric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Hengli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Lang He
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China,Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Lang He, ; Pan Wang,
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Wenjiang District, Chengdu, China,Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Lang He, ; Pan Wang,
| | - Mingqing Dong
- Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China,Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Lang He, ; Pan Wang,
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162
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Patel A, Simkulet M, Maity S, Venkatesan M, Matzavinos A, Madesh M, Alevriadou BR. The mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter channel synergizes with fluid shear stress to induce mitochondrial Ca 2+ oscillations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21161. [PMID: 36476944 PMCID: PMC9729216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uniporter (MCU) channel is responsible for mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. Its expression was found to be upregulated in endothelial cells (ECs) under cardiovascular disease conditions. Since the role of MCU in regulating cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis in ECs exposed to shear stress (SS) is unknown, we studied mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics (that is known to decode cytosolic Ca2+ signaling) in sheared ECs. To understand cause-and-effect, we ectopically expressed MCU in ECs. A higher percentage of MCU-transduced ECs exhibited mitochondrial Ca2+ transients/oscillations, and at higher frequency, under SS compared to sheared control ECs. Transients/oscillations correlated with mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) flashes and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) flickers, and depended on activation of the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel and the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). A positive feedback loop composed of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake/mROS flashes/ΔΨm flickers and endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, in association with Piezo1 and eNOS, provided insights into the mechanism by which SS, under conditions of high MCU activity, may shape vascular EC energetics and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshar Patel
- grid.273335.30000 0004 1936 9887Vascular Mechanobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Cell, Gene, and Tissue Engineering, University at Buffalo – The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Matthew Simkulet
- grid.273335.30000 0004 1936 9887Vascular Mechanobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Cell, Gene, and Tissue Engineering, University at Buffalo – The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Soumya Maity
- grid.267309.90000 0001 0629 5880Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Manigandan Venkatesan
- grid.267309.90000 0001 0629 5880Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Anastasios Matzavinos
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Institute for Mathematical and Computational Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- grid.267309.90000 0001 0629 5880Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - B. Rita Alevriadou
- grid.273335.30000 0004 1936 9887Vascular Mechanobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Cell, Gene, and Tissue Engineering, University at Buffalo – The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
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163
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Rozenfeld M, Azoulay IS, Ben Kasus Nissim T, Stavsky A, Melamed M, Stutzmann G, Hershfinkel M, Kofman O, Sekler I. Essential role of the mitochondrial Na +/Ca 2+ exchanger NCLX in mediating PDE2-dependent neuronal survival and learning. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111772. [PMID: 36476859 PMCID: PMC10521900 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired phosphodiesterase (PDE) function and mitochondrial Ca2+ (i.e., [Ca2+]m) lead to multiple health syndromes by an unknown pathway. Here, we fluorescently monitor robust [Ca2+]m efflux mediated by the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger NCLX in hippocampal neurons sequentially evoked by caffeine and depolarization. Surprisingly, neuronal depolarization-induced Ca2+ transients alone fail to evoke strong [Ca2+]m efflux in wild-type (WT) neurons. However, pre-treatment with the selective PDE2 inhibitor Bay 60-7550 effectively rescues [Ca2+]m efflux similarly to caffeine. Moreover, PDE2 acts by diminishing mitochondrial cAMP, thus promoting NCLX phosphorylation at its PKA site. We find that the protection of neurons against excitotoxic insults, conferred by PDE2 inhibition in WT neurons, is NCLX dependent. Finally, the administration of Bay 60-7550 enhances new object recognition in WT, but not in NCLX knockout (KO), mice. Our results identify a link between PDE and [Ca2+]m signaling that may provide effective therapy for cognitive and ischemic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Rozenfeld
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ivana Savic Azoulay
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tsipi Ben Kasus Nissim
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alexandra Stavsky
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Moran Melamed
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Grace Stutzmann
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago Medical School, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michal Hershfinkel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ora Kofman
- Department of Psychology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Israel Sekler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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164
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Cervantes-Silva MP, Carroll RG, Wilk MM, Moreira D, Payet CA, O’Siorain JR, Cox SL, Fagan LE, Klavina PA, He Y, Drewinski T, McGinley A, Buel SM, Timmons GA, Early JO, Preston RJS, Hurley JM, Finlay DK, Schoen I, Javier Sánchez-García F, Mills KHG, Curtis AM. The circadian clock influences T cell responses to vaccination by regulating dendritic cell antigen processing. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7217. [PMID: 36470865 PMCID: PMC9722918 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells play a key role in processing and presenting antigens to naïve T cells to prime adaptive immunity. Circadian rhythms are known to regulate many aspects of immunity; however, the role of circadian rhythms in dendritic cell function is still unclear. Here, we show greater T cell responses when mice are immunised in the middle of their rest versus their active phase. We find a circadian rhythm in antigen processing that correlates with rhythms in both mitochondrial morphology and metabolism, dependent on the molecular clock gene, Bmal1. Using Mdivi-1, a compound that promotes mitochondrial fusion, we are able to rescue the circadian deficit in antigen processing and mechanistically link mitochondrial morphology and antigen processing. Furthermore, we find that circadian changes in mitochondrial Ca2+ are central to the circadian regulation of antigen processing. Our results indicate that rhythmic changes in mitochondrial calcium, which are associated with changes in mitochondrial morphology, regulate antigen processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P. Cervantes-Silva
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard G. Carroll
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mieszko M. Wilk
- grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Diana Moreira
- grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cloe A. Payet
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James R. O’Siorain
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shannon L. Cox
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lauren E. Fagan
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paula A. Klavina
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yan He
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tabea Drewinski
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan McGinley
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sharleen M. Buel
- grid.33647.350000 0001 2160 9198Department of Biological Sciences & Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA
| | - George A. Timmons
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James O. Early
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roger J. S. Preston
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer M. Hurley
- grid.33647.350000 0001 2160 9198Department of Biological Sciences & Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA
| | - David K. Finlay
- grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ingmar Schoen
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F. Javier Sánchez-García
- grid.418275.d0000 0001 2165 8782Immunoregulation Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - Kingston H. G. Mills
- grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annie M. Curtis
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
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165
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Mousa HH, Sharawy MH, Nader MA. Empagliflozin enhances neuroplasticity in rotenone-induced parkinsonism: Role of BDNF, CREB and Npas4. Life Sci 2022; 312:121258. [PMID: 36462721 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Parkinsonism is characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and impairment in neuroplasticity. Empagliflozin (EMPA) is an anti-diabetic drug that has been shown to improve cognitive dysfunctions and exerted antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in different models. This study aimed to determine the neuroprotective effects of EMPA against rotenone (ROT)-induced parkinsonism. MAIN METHODS ROT (1.5 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously three times per week for two successive weeks. Mice were treated with EMPA (3 and 10 mg/kg, orally) for one week prior ROT administration and for another two weeks along with ROT. After that, motor functions and histopathological changes were assessed, and brains were isolated for biochemical analyses and immunohistochemical investigation. KEY FINDINGS Results indicated that, in a dose dependent manner, EMPA improved motor functions and histopathological changes induced by ROT, increased brain content of reduced glutathione (GSH), dopamine (DA), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), inositol trisphosphate (IP3), calcium (Ca2+), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV (CaMKIV) and phospho-Protein kinase B (p-Akt) levels compared to ROT group. Additionally, EMPA decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and inactivated glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β). Improvement in neuroplasticity was also observed indicated by elevation in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and neuronal PAS domain Protein 4 (Npas4). SIGNIFICANCE EMPA improved motor functions possibly through improving neuroplasticity markers and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects in a dose dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hager H Mousa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Maha H Sharawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Manar A Nader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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166
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Yoo J. Structural basis of Ca 2+ uptake by mitochondrial calcium uniporter in mitochondria: a brief review. BMB Rep 2022; 55:528-534. [PMID: 36195565 PMCID: PMC9712701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles that perform various functions within cells. They are responsible for ATP production, cell-signal regulation, autophagy, and cell apoptosis. Because the mitochondrial proteins that perform these functions need Ca2+ ions for their activity, mitochondria have ion channels to selectively uptake Ca2+ ions from the cytoplasm. The ion channel known to play the most important role in the Ca2+ uptake in mitochondria is the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) holo-complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). This ion channel complex exists in the form of a complex consisting of the pore-forming protein through which the Ca2+ ions are transported into the mitochondrial matrix, and the auxiliary protein involved in regulating the activity of the Ca2+ uptake by the MCU holo-complex. Studies of this MCU holocomplex have long been conducted, but we didn't know in detail how mitochondria uptake Ca2+ ions through this ion channel complex or how the activity of this ion channel complex is regulated. Recently, the protein structure of the MCU holo-complex was identified, enabling the mechanism of Ca2+ uptake and its regulation by the MCU holo-complex to be confirmed. In this review, I will introduce the mechanism of action of the MCU holo-complex at the molecular level based on the Cryo-EM structure of the MCU holo-complex to help understand how mitochondria uptake the necessary Ca2+ ions through the MCU holo-complex and how these Ca2+ uptake mechanisms are regulated. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(11): 528-534].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea,Corresponding author. Tel: +82-2-820-5673; E-mail:
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167
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Arnst N, Redolfi N, Lia A, Bedetta M, Greotti E, Pizzo P. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Signaling and Bioenergetics in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:3025. [PMID: 36551781 PMCID: PMC9775979 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a hereditary and sporadic neurodegenerative illness defined by the gradual and cumulative loss of neurons in specific brain areas. The processes that cause AD are still under investigation and there are no available therapies to halt it. Current progress puts at the forefront the "calcium (Ca2+) hypothesis" as a key AD pathogenic pathway, impacting neuronal, astrocyte and microglial function. In this review, we focused on mitochondrial Ca2+ alterations in AD, their causes and bioenergetic consequences in neuronal and glial cells, summarizing the possible mechanisms linking detrimental mitochondrial Ca2+ signals to neuronal death in different experimental AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Arnst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Nelly Redolfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Annamaria Lia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Bedetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
- Study Centre for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
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168
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Quach TT, Stratton HJ, Khanna R, Mackey-Alfonso S, Deems N, Honnorat J, Meyer K, Duchemin AM. Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Dysproteostasis, Altered Calcium Signalosome to Selective Neuronal Vulnerability to AAV-Mediated Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214188. [PMID: 36430666 PMCID: PMC9694178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intense research into the multifaceted etiology of neurodegenerative diseases (ND), they remain incurable. Here we provide a brief overview of several major ND and explore novel therapeutic approaches. Although the cause (s) of ND are not fully understood, the accumulation of misfolded/aggregated proteins in the brain is a common pathological feature. This aggregation may initiate disruption of Ca++ signaling, which is an early pathological event leading to altered dendritic structure, neuronal dysfunction, and cell death. Presently, ND gene therapies remain unidimensional, elusive, and limited to modifying one pathological feature while ignoring others. Considering the complexity of signaling cascades in ND, we discuss emerging therapeutic concepts and suggest that deciphering the molecular mechanisms involved in dendritic pathology may broaden the phenotypic spectrum of ND treatment. An innovative multiplexed gene transfer strategy that employs silencing and/or over-expressing multiple effectors could preserve vulnerable neurons before they are lost. Such therapeutic approaches may extend brain health span and ameliorate burdensome chronic disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam T. Quach
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69677 Lyon, France
| | | | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Sabrina Mackey-Alfonso
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicolas Deems
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jérome Honnorat
- INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69677 Lyon, France
- French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Lyon, France
- SynatAc Team, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69677 Lyon, France
| | - Kathrin Meyer
- The Research Institute of Nationwide Children Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatric, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Duchemin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-614-293-5517; Fax: +1-614-293-7599
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169
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Pareek G. AAA+ proteases: the first line of defense against mitochondrial damage. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14350. [PMID: 36389399 PMCID: PMC9648348 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play essential cellular roles in Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, calcium homeostasis, and metabolism, but these vital processes have potentially deadly side effects. The production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the aggregation of misfolded mitochondrial proteins can lead to severe mitochondrial damage and even cell death. The accumulation of mitochondrial damage is strongly implicated in aging and several incurable diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. To oppose this, metazoans utilize a variety of quality control strategies, including the degradation of the damaged mitochondrial proteins by the mitochondrial-resident proteases of the ATPase Associated with the diverse cellular Activities (AAA+) family. This mini-review focuses on the quality control mediated by the mitochondrial-resident proteases of the AAA+ family used to combat the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and on how the failure of this mitochondrial quality control contributes to diseases.
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170
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Peng S, Gao J, Stojkov D, Yousefi S, Simon H. Established and emerging roles for mitochondria in neutrophils. Immunol Rev 2022; 314:413-426. [PMID: 36331270 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant innate immune cells in human blood, emerging as important players in a variety of diseases. Mitochondria are bioenergetic, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles critical for cell fate and function. Mitochondria have been overlooked in neutrophil research owing to the conventional view that neutrophils contain few, if any, competent mitochondria and do not rely on these organelles for adenosine triphosphate production. A growing body of evidence suggests that mitochondria participate in neutrophil biology at many levels, ranging from neutrophil development to chemotaxis, effector function, and cell death. Moreover, mitochondria and mitochondrial components, such as mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid, can be released by neutrophils to eliminate infection and/or shape immune response, depending on the specific context. In this review, we provide an update on the functional role of mitochondria in neutrophils, highlight mitochondria as key players in modulating the neutrophil phenotype and function during infection and inflammation, and discuss the possibilities and challenges to exploit the unique aspects of mitochondria in neutrophils for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Peng
- Institute of Pharmacology University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA
| | - Darko Stojkov
- Institute of Pharmacology University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Hans‐Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology University of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology Sechenov University Moscow Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology Kazan Federal University Kazan Russia
- Institute of Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School Neuruppin Germany
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171
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Yoo J. Structural basis of Ca 2+ uptake by mitochondrial calcium uniporter in mitochondria: a brief review. BMB Rep 2022; 55:528-534. [PMID: 36195565 PMCID: PMC9712701 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.11.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles that perform various functions within cells. They are responsible for ATP production, cell-signal regulation, autophagy, and cell apoptosis. Because the mitochondrial proteins that perform these functions need Ca2+ ions for their activity, mitochondria have ion channels to selectively uptake Ca2+ ions from the cytoplasm. The ion channel known to play the most important role in the Ca2+ uptake in mitochondria is the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) holo-complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). This ion channel complex exists in the form of a complex consisting of the pore-forming protein through which the Ca2+ ions are transported into the mitochondrial matrix, and the auxiliary protein involved in regulating the activity of the Ca2+ uptake by the MCU holo-complex. Studies of this MCU holocomplex have long been conducted, but we didn't know in detail how mitochondria uptake Ca2+ ions through this ion channel complex or how the activity of this ion channel complex is regulated. Recently, the protein structure of the MCU holo-complex was identified, enabling the mechanism of Ca2+ uptake and its regulation by the MCU holo-complex to be confirmed. In this review, I will introduce the mechanism of action of the MCU holo-complex at the molecular level based on the Cryo-EM structure of the MCU holo-complex to help understand how mitochondria uptake the necessary Ca2+ ions through the MCU holo-complex and how these Ca2+ uptake mechanisms are regulated. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(11): 528-534].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
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172
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Abstract
The analogy of mitochondria as powerhouses has expired. Mitochondria are living, dynamic, maternally inherited, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that actively transduce biological information. We argue that mitochondria are the processor of the cell, and together with the nucleus and other organelles they constitute the mitochondrial information processing system (MIPS). In a three-step process, mitochondria (1) sense and respond to both endogenous and environmental inputs through morphological and functional remodeling; (2) integrate information through dynamic, network-based physical interactions and diffusion mechanisms; and (3) produce output signals that tune the functions of other organelles and systemically regulate physiology. This input-to-output transformation allows mitochondria to transduce metabolic, biochemical, neuroendocrine, and other local or systemic signals that enhance organismal adaptation. An explicit focus on mitochondrial signal transduction emphasizes the role of communication in mitochondrial biology. This framework also opens new avenues to understand how mitochondria mediate inter-organ processes underlying human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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173
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Bertolini MS, Docampo R. MICU1 and MICU2 potentiation of Ca 2+ uptake by the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter of Trypanosoma cruzi and its inhibition by Mg 2. Cell Calcium 2022; 107:102654. [PMID: 36166935 PMCID: PMC10433726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, which is important to regulate bioenergetics, cell death and cytoplasmic Ca2+ signaling, is mediated via the calcium uniporter complex (MCUC). In animal cells the MCUC is regulated by the mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 and 2 dimer (MICU1/MICU2), which has been proposed to act as gatekeeper preventing mitochondrial Ca2+ overload at low cytosolic Ca2+ levels. In contrast to animal cells, knockout of either MICU1 or MICU2 in Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, did not allow Ca2+ uptake at low extramitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]ext) and it was though that in the absence of one MICU the other would replace its role. However, previous attempts to knockout both genes were unsuccessful. Here, we designed a strategy to generate TcMICU1/TcMICU2 double knockout cell lines using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Ablation of both genes was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analyses. The absence of both proteins did not allow Ca2+ uptake at low [Ca2+]ext, significantly decreased the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake at different [Ca2+]ext, without dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased the [Ca2+]ext set point needed for Ca2+ uptake, as we have seen with TcMICU1-KO and TcMICU2-KO cells. Mg2+ was found to be a negative regulator of MCUC-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake at different [Ca2+]ext. Occlusion of the MCUC pore by Mg2+ could partially explain the lack of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake at low [Ca2+]ext in TcMICU1/TcMICU2-KO cells. In addition, TcMICU1/TcMICU2-KO epimastigotes had a lower growth rate, while infective trypomastigotes have a reduced capacity to invade host cells and to replicate within them as amastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara S Bertolini
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Roberto Docampo
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
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174
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Hool LC. Elucidating the role of the L-type calcium channel in excitability and energetics in the heart: The ISHR 2020 Research Achievement Award Lecture. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 172:100-108. [PMID: 36041287 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading health burden worldwide and with the rising rates in obesity and type II diabetes and ongoing effects of long COVID, it is anticipated that the burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality will increase. Calcium is essential to cardiac excitation and contraction. The main route for Ca2+ influx is the L-type Ca2+ channel (Cav1.2) and embryos that are homozygous null for the Cav1.2 gene are lethal at day 14 postcoitum. Acute changes in Ca2+ influx through the channel contribute to arrhythmia and sudden death, and chronic increases in intracellular Ca2+ contribute to pathological hypertrophy and heart failure. We use a multidisciplinary approach to study the regulation of the channel from the molecular level through to in vivo CRISPR mutant animal models. Here we describe some examples of our work from over 2 decades studying the role of the channel under physiological and pathological conditions. Our single channel analysis of purified human Cav1.2 protein in proteoliposomes has contributed to understanding direct molecular regulation of the channel including identifying the critical serine involved in the "fight or flight" response. Using the same approach we identified the cysteine responsible for altered function during oxidative stress. Chronic activation of the L-type Ca2+ channel during oxidative stress occurs as a result of persistent glutathionylation of the channel that contributes to the development of hypertrophy. We describe for the first time that activation of the channel alters mitochondrial function (and energetics) on a beat-to-beat basis via movement of cytoskeletal proteins. In translational studies we have used this response to "report" mitochondrial function in models of cardiomyopathy and to test efficacy of novel therapies to prevent cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia C Hool
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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175
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Bigham NP, Huang Z, Spivey J, Woods JJ, MacMillan SN, Wilson JJ. Carboxylate-Capped Analogues of Ru265 Are MCU Inhibitor Prodrugs. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17299-17312. [PMID: 36260092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is a transmembrane protein that resides on the inner membrane of the mitochondria and mediates calcium uptake into this organelle. Given the critical role of mitochondrial calcium trafficking in cellular function, inhibitors of this channel have arisen as tools for studying the biological relevance of this process and as potential therapeutic agents. In this study, four new analogues of the previously reported Ru-based MCU inhibitor [ClRu(NH3)4(μ-N)Ru(NH3)4Cl]Cl3 (Ru265) are reported. These compounds, which bear axial carboxylate ligands, are of the general formula [(RCO2)Ru(NH3)4(μ-N)Ru(NH3)4(O2CR)]X3, where X = NO3- or CF3SO3- and R = H (1), CH3 (2), CH2CH3 (3), and (CH2)2CH3 (4). These complexes were fully characterized by IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. X-ray crystal structures of 1 and 3 were obtained, revealing the expected presence of both the linear Ru(μ-N)Ru core and axial formate and propionate ligands. The axial carboxylate ligands of complexes 1-4 are displaced by water in buffered aqueous solution to give the aquated compound Ru265'. The kinetics of these processes were measured by 1H NMR spectroscopy, revealing half-lives that span 5.9-9.9 h at 37 °C. Complex 1 with axial formate ligands underwent aquation approximately twice as fast as the other compounds. In vitro cytotoxicity and mitochondrial membrane potential measurements carried out in HeLa and HEK293T cells demonstrated that none of these four complexes negatively affects cell viability or mitochondrial function. The abilities of 1-4 to inhibit mitochondrial calcium uptake in permeabilized HEK293T cells were assessed and compared to that of Ru265. Fresh solutions of 1-4 are approximately 2-fold less potent than Ru265 with IC50 values in the range of 14.7-19.1 nM. Preincubating 1-4 in aqueous buffers for longer time periods to allow for the aquation reactions to proceed increases their potency of mitochondrial uptake inhibition to match that of Ru265. This result indicates that 1-4 are aquation-activated prodrugs of Ru265'. Finally, 1-4 were shown to inhibit mitochondrial calcium uptake in intact, nonpermeabilized cells, revealing their value as tools and potential therapeutic agents for mitochondrial calcium-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Bigham
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zhouyang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jesse Spivey
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Joshua J Woods
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Robert F. Smith School of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Samantha N MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Justin J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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176
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Fundamental roles for inter-organelle communication in aging. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1389-1402. [PMID: 36305642 PMCID: PMC9704535 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Advances in public health have nearly doubled life expectancy over the last century, but this demographic shift has also changed the landscape of human illness. Today, chronic and age-dependent diseases dominate the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Targeting the underlying molecular, genetic and cell biological drivers of the aging process itself appears to be an increasingly viable strategy for developing therapeutics against these diseases of aging. Towards this end, one of the most exciting developments in cell biology over the last decade is the explosion of research into organelle contact sites and related mechanisms of inter-organelle communication. Identification of the molecular mediators of inter-organelle tethering and signaling is now allowing the field to investigate the consequences of aberrant organelle interactions, which frequently seem to correlate with age-onset pathophysiology. This review introduces the major cellular roles for inter-organelle interactions, including the regulation of organelle morphology, the transfer of ions, lipids and other metabolites, and the formation of hubs for nutrient and stress signaling. We explore how these interactions are disrupted in aging and present findings that modulation of inter-organelle communication is a promising avenue for promoting longevity. Through this review, we propose that the maintenance of inter-organelle interactions is a pillar of healthy aging. Learning how to target the cellular mechanisms for sensing and controlling inter-organelle communication is a key next hurdle for geroscience.
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177
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Cheng X, Yan Z, Su Z, Liu J. The transforming growth factor beta ligand TIG-2 modulates the function of neuromuscular junction and muscle energy metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:962974. [PMID: 36385772 PMCID: PMC9650414 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.962974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the physiological function of TGF-β (the transforming growth factor beta) family ligands is import for understanding the role of TGF-β in animals' development and aging. Here, we investigate the function of TIG-2, one of the ligands in Caenorhabditis elegans TGF-β family, in animals' behavioral modulation. Our results show that a loss-of-function mutation in tig-2 gene result in slower locomotion speed in the early adulthood and an increased density of cholinergic synapses, but a decreased neurotransmitter release at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). Further tissue-specific rescue results reveal that neuronal and intestinal TIG-2 are essential for the formation of cholinergic synapses at NMJs. Interestingly, tig-2(ok3416) mutant is characterized with reduced muscle mitochondria content and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, although the function of muscle acetylcholine receptors and the morphology muscle fibers in the mutant are comparable to that in wild-type animals. Our result suggests that TIG-2 from different neuron and intestine regulates worm locomotion by modulating synaptogenesis and neurotransmission at NMJs, as well as energy metabolism in postsynaptic muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Cheng
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhenzhen Yan
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zexiong Su
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jie Liu
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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178
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Ruberti C, Feitosa-Araujo E, Xu Z, Wagner S, Grenzi M, Darwish E, Lichtenauer S, Fuchs P, Parmagnani AS, Balcerowicz D, Schoenaers S, de la Torre C, Mekkaoui K, Nunes-Nesi A, Wirtz M, Vissenberg K, Van Aken O, Hause B, Costa A, Schwarzländer M. MCU proteins dominate in vivo mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in Arabidopsis roots. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4428-4452. [PMID: 35938694 PMCID: PMC9614509 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling is central to plant development and acclimation. While Ca2+-responsive proteins have been investigated intensely in plants, only a few Ca2+-permeable channels have been identified, and our understanding of how intracellular Ca2+ fluxes is facilitated remains limited. Arabidopsis thaliana homologs of the mammalian channel-forming mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) protein showed Ca2+ transport activity in vitro. Yet, the evolutionary complexity of MCU proteins, as well as reports about alternative systems and unperturbed mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in knockout lines of MCU genes, leave critical questions about the in vivo functions of the MCU protein family in plants unanswered. Here, we demonstrate that MCU proteins mediate mitochondrial Ca2+ transport in planta and that this mechanism is the major route for fast Ca2+ uptake. Guided by the subcellular localization, expression, and conservation of MCU proteins, we generated an mcu triple knockout line. Using Ca2+ imaging in living root tips and the stimulation of Ca2+ transients of different amplitudes, we demonstrated that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake became limiting in the triple mutant. The drastic cell physiological phenotype of impaired subcellular Ca2+ transport coincided with deregulated jasmonic acid-related signaling and thigmomorphogenesis. Our findings establish MCUs as a major mitochondrial Ca2+ entry route in planta and link mitochondrial Ca2+ transport with phytohormone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elias Feitosa-Araujo
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, D-48143, Germany
| | - Zhaolong Xu
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milan, I-20133, Italy
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | | | - Matteo Grenzi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milan, I-20133, Italy
| | - Essam Darwish
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Physiology Section, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Sophie Lichtenauer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, D-48143, Germany
| | | | | | - Daria Balcerowicz
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, B-2020, Belgium
| | - Sébastjen Schoenaers
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, B-2020, Belgium
| | - Carolina de la Torre
- NGS Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, D-68167, Germany
| | - Khansa Mekkaoui
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Markus Wirtz
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Kris Vissenberg
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, B-2020, Belgium
- Department of Agriculture, Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology Lab, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, 71410, Greece
| | | | - Bettina Hause
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Alex Costa
- Authors for correspondence: (A.C); (M.S.)
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179
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Blagov AV, Sukhorukov VN, Orekhov AN, Sazonova MA, Melnichenko AA. Significance of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Progression of Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12725. [PMID: 36361513 PMCID: PMC9653869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of multiple sclerosis and the complexity of its etiology and pathogenesis require further study of the factors underlying the progression of this disease. The prominent role of mitochondria in neurons makes this organelle a vulnerable target for CNS diseases. The purpose of this review is to consider the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, as well as to propose new promising therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring mitochondrial function in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Blagov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita A. Sazonova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra A. Melnichenko
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
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180
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Tow BD, Deb A, Neupane S, Patel SM, Reed M, Loper AB, Eliseev RA, Knollmann BC, Györke S, Liu B. SR-Mitochondria Crosstalk Shapes Ca Signalling to Impact Pathophenotype in Disease Models Marked by Dysregulated Intracellular Ca Release. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:2819-2832. [PMID: 34677619 PMCID: PMC9724772 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Diastolic Ca release (DCR) from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca release channel ryanodine receptor (RyR2) has been linked to multiple cardiac pathologies, but its exact role in shaping divergent cardiac pathologies remains unclear. We hypothesize that the SR-mitochondria interplay contributes to disease phenotypes by shaping Ca signalling. METHODS AND RESULTS A genetic model of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT2 model of CASQ2 knockout) and a pre-diabetic cardiomyopathy model of fructose-fed mice (FFD), both marked by DCR, are employed in this study. Mitochondria Ca (mCa) is modulated by pharmacologically targeting mitochondria Ca uniporter (MCU) or permeability transition pore (mPTP), mCa uptake, and extrusion mechanisms, respectively. An MCU activator abolished Ca waves in CPVT2 but exacerbated waves in FFD cells. Mechanistically this is ascribed to mitochondria's function as a Ca buffer or source of reactive oxygen species (mtROS) to exacerbate RyR2 functionality, respectively. Enhancing mCa uptake reduced and elevated mtROS production in CPVT2 and FFD, respectively. In CPVT2, mitochondria took up more Ca in permeabilized cells, and had higher level of mCa content in intact cells vs. FFD. Conditional ablation of MCU in the CPVT2 model caused lethality and cardiac remodelling, but reduced arrhythmias in the FFD model. In parallel, CPVT2 mitochondria also employ up-regulated mPTP-mediated Ca efflux to avoid mCa overload, as seen by elevated incidence of MitoWinks (an indicator of mPTP-mediated Ca efflux) vs. FFD. Both pharmacological and genetic inhibition of mPTP promoted mtROS production and exacerbation of myocyte Ca handling in CPVT2. Further, genetic inhibition of mPTP exacerbated arrhythmias in CPVT2. CONCLUSION In contrast to FFD, which is more susceptible to mtROS-dependent RyR2 leak, in CPVT2 mitochondria buffer SR-derived DCR to mitigate Ca-dependent pathological remodelling and rely on mPTP-mediated Ca efflux to avoid mCa overload. SR-mitochondria interplay contributes to the divergent pathologies by disparately shaping intracellular Ca signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Tow
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, 295 Lee Blvd, Starkville, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Arpita Deb
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, 295 Lee Blvd, Starkville, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Shraddha Neupane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, 295 Lee Blvd, Starkville, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Shuchi M Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, 295 Lee Blvd, Starkville, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Meagan Reed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, 295 Lee Blvd, Starkville, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Anna-Beth Loper
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, 295 Lee Blvd, Starkville, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Roman A Eliseev
- epartment of Orthopedics, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, New York 14624, USA
| | - Björn C Knollmann
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215B Garland Ave, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
| | - Sándor Györke
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, 473 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, 295 Lee Blvd, Starkville, Mississippi, 39762, USA
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181
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MCU knockdown in hippocampal neurons improves memory performance of an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1528-1539. [PMID: 36239352 PMCID: PMC9828087 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and degenerative disorder accompanied by cognitive decline, which could be promoted by mitochondrial dysfunction induced by mitochondrial Ca 2+ (mCa 2+) homeostasis Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), a key channel of mCa 2+ uptake, may be a target for AD treatment. In the present study, we reveal for the first time that MCU knockdown in hippocampal neurons improves the memory performance of APP/PS1/tau mice through radial arm maze task. Western blot analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Golgi staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and ELISA results demonstrate that MCU knockdown in hippocampal neurons upregulates the levels of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin (SYP), and increases the numbers of synapses and dendritic spines. Meanwhile, MCU knockdown in hippocampal neurons decreases the neuroinflammatory response induced by astrogliosis and high levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, and improves the PINK1-Parkin mitophagy signaling pathway and increases the level of Beclin-1 but decreases the level of P62. In addition, MCU knockdown in hippocampal neurons recovers the average volume and number of mitochondria. These data confirm that MCU knockdown in hippocampal neurons improves the memory performance of APP/PS1/tau mice through ameliorating the synapse structure and function, relieving the inflammation response and recovering mitophagy, indicating that MCU inhibition has the potential to be developed as a novel therapy for AD.
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182
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Tsai CW, Rodriguez MX, Van Keuren AM, Phillips CB, Shushunov HM, Lee JE, Garcia AM, Ambardekar AV, Cleveland JC, Reisz JA, Proenza C, Chatfield KC, Tsai MF. Mechanisms and significance of tissue-specific MICU regulation of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3661-3676.e8. [PMID: 36206740 PMCID: PMC9557913 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, mediated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, regulates oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, and intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Previous studies suggest that non-neuronal uniporters are exclusively regulated by a MICU1-MICU2 heterodimer. Here, we show that skeletal-muscle and kidney uniporters also complex with a MICU1-MICU1 homodimer and that human/mouse cardiac uniporters are largely devoid of MICUs. Cells employ protein-importation machineries to fine-tune the relative abundance of MICU1 homo- and heterodimers and utilize a conserved MICU intersubunit disulfide to protect properly assembled dimers from proteolysis by YME1L1. Using the MICU1 homodimer or removing MICU1 allows mitochondria to more readily take up Ca2+ so that cells can produce more ATP in response to intracellular Ca2+ transients. However, the trade-off is elevated ROS, impaired basal metabolism, and higher susceptibility to death. These results provide mechanistic insights into how tissues can manipulate mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake properties to support their unique physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Madison X Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anna M Van Keuren
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Charles B Phillips
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hannah M Shushunov
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jessica E Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anastacia M Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Amrut V Ambardekar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joseph C Cleveland
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Catherine Proenza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kathryn C Chatfield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ming-Feng Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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183
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The mitochondrial calcium uniporter of pulmonary type 2 cells determines severity of acute lung injury. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5837. [PMID: 36192486 PMCID: PMC9529882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Lung Injury (ALI) due to inhaled pathogens causes high mortality. Underlying mechanisms are inadequately understood. Here, by optical imaging of live mouse lungs we show that a key mechanism is the viability of cytosolic Ca2+ buffering by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) in the lung’s surfactant-secreting, alveolar type 2 cells (AT2). The buffering increased mitochondrial Ca2+ and induced surfactant secretion in wild-type mice, but not in mice with AT2-specific MCU knockout. In the knockout mice, ALI due to intranasal LPS instillation caused severe pulmonary edema and mortality, which were mitigated by surfactant replenishment prior to LPS instillation, indicating surfactant’s protective effect against alveolar edema. In wild-type mice, intranasal LPS, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa decreased AT2 MCU. Loss of MCU abrogated buffering. The resulting mortality was reduced by spontaneous recovery of MCU expression, or by MCU replenishment. Enhancement of AT2 mitochondrial buffering, hence endogenous surfactant secretion, through MCU replenishment might be a therapy against ALI. Acute lung injury caused by inhalation of pathogens leads to mortality, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show in mice that that loss of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) of alveolar type 2 cells (AT2) impaired mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering and surfactant secretion, and increased mortality, in response to LPS instillation, suggesting the MCU as a potential therapeutic target in ALI.
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184
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Zhang L, Dietsche F, Seitaj B, Rojas-Charry L, Latchman N, Tomar D, Wüst RC, Nickel A, Frauenknecht KB, Schoser B, Schumann S, Schmeisser MJ, Vom Berg J, Buch T, Finger S, Wenzel P, Maack C, Elrod JW, Parys JB, Bultynck G, Methner A. TMBIM5 loss of function alters mitochondrial matrix ion homeostasis and causes a skeletal myopathy. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/10/e202201478. [PMID: 35715207 PMCID: PMC9206080 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
TMBIM5 deficiency reduces mitochondrial K+/H+ exchange. Mutation of the channel pore in mice destabilizes the protein and results in increased embryonic lethality and a skeletal myopathy. Ion fluxes across the inner mitochondrial membrane control mitochondrial volume, energy production, and apoptosis. TMBIM5, a highly conserved protein with homology to putative pH-dependent ion channels, is involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial cristae architecture, ATP production, and apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that overexpressed TMBIM5 can mediate mitochondrial calcium uptake. Under steady-state conditions, loss of TMBIM5 results in increased potassium and reduced proton levels in the mitochondrial matrix caused by attenuated exchange of these ions. To identify the in vivo consequences of TMBIM5 dysfunction, we generated mice carrying a mutation in the channel pore. These mutant mice display increased embryonic or perinatal lethality and a skeletal myopathy which strongly correlates with tissue-specific disruption of cristae architecture, early opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, reduced calcium uptake capability, and mitochondrial swelling. Our results demonstrate that TMBIM5 is an essential and important part of the mitochondrial ion transport system machinery with particular importance for embryonic development and muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Bruno Seitaj
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liliana Rojas-Charry
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadina Latchman
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rob Ci Wüst
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Nickel
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Bm Frauenknecht
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, LMU Clinic, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Schumann
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael J Schmeisser
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Vom Berg
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Finger
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jan B Parys
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Axel Methner
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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185
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Zampese E, Wokosin DL, Gonzalez-Rodriguez P, Guzman JN, Tkatch T, Kondapalli J, Surmeier WC, D’Alessandro KB, De Stefani D, Rizzuto R, Iino M, Molkentin JD, Chandel NS, Schumacker PT, Surmeier DJ. Ca 2+ channels couple spiking to mitochondrial metabolism in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp8701. [PMID: 36179023 PMCID: PMC9524841 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp8701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
How do neurons match generation of adenosine triphosphate by mitochondria to the bioenergetic demands of regenerative activity? Although the subject of speculation, this coupling is still poorly understood, particularly in neurons that are tonically active. To help fill this gap, pacemaking substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons were studied using a combination of optical, electrophysiological, and molecular approaches. In these neurons, spike-activated calcium (Ca2+) entry through Cav1 channels triggered Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum, which stimulated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation through two complementary Ca2+-dependent mechanisms: one mediated by the mitochondrial uniporter and another by the malate-aspartate shuttle. Disrupting either mechanism impaired the ability of dopaminergic neurons to sustain spike activity. While this feedforward control helps dopaminergic neurons meet the bioenergetic demands associated with sustained spiking, it is also responsible for their elevated oxidant stress and possibly to their decline with aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Zampese
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - David L. Wokosin
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Patricia Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Jaime N. Guzman
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Tatiana Tkatch
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Jyothisri Kondapalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - William C. Surmeier
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Karis B. D’Alessandro
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Diego De Stefani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Masamitsu Iino
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchi Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Jeffery D. Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Navdeep S. Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Paul T. Schumacker
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - D. James Surmeier
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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186
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Bachkoenig OA, Gottschalk B, Malli R, Graier WF. An unexpected effect of risperidone reveals a nonlinear relationship between cytosolic Ca 2+ and mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2022; 90:13-35. [PMID: 36368872 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria actively contribute to cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. The molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release are well characterized and are attributed to the multi-protein assembly of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUC) and the mitochondrial sodium-calcium exchanger (NCLX), respectively. Hence, Ca2+ transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) into the mitochondrial matrix has been quantitatively visualized on the subcellular level using targeted fluorescent biosensors. However, a correlation between the amplitude of cytosolic Ca2+ elevation with that in the mitochondrial matrix has not been investigated in detail so far. In the present study, we combined the Ca2+-mobilizing agonist histamine with the H1-receptor antagonist risperidone to establish a well-tunable experimental approach allowing the correlation between low, slow, high, and fast cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ signals in response to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-triggered ER Ca2+ release. Our present data confirm a defined threshold in cytosolic Ca2+, which is necessary for the activation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Moreover, our data support the hypothesis of different modes of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake depending on the source of the ion (i.e., ER vs SOCE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf A Bachkoenig
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Gottschalk
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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187
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MCU Inhibitor Ruthenium Red Alleviates the Osteoclastogenesis and Ovariectomized Osteoporosis via Suppressing RANKL-Induced ROS Production and NFATc1 Activation through P38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7727006. [PMID: 36148414 PMCID: PMC9489416 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7727006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disorder of bone metabolism that is extremely common in elderly patients as well as in postmenopausal women. The main manifestation is that the bone resorption capacity is greater than the bone formation capacity, which eventually leads to a decrease in bone mass, increasing the risk of fracture. There is growing evidence that inhibiting osteoclast formation and resorption ability can be effective in treating and preventing the occurrence of osteoporosis. Our study is the first time to explore the role of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and its inhibitor ruthenium red (RR) in bone metabolism, clarifying the specific mechanism by which it inhibits osteoclast formation in vitro and plays a therapeutic role in osteoporosis in vivo. We verified the suppressive effects of RR on the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL-)-induced differentiation and bone resorption function of osteoclasts in vitro. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production stimulated by RANKL and the expression level of P38 MAPK/NFATc1 were also found to be inhibited by RR. Moreover, the promotion of RR on osteogenesis differentiation was investigated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red S (ARS) staining and the detection of osteogenesis-specific gene expression levels by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting. Moreover, in ovariectomy (OVX-)-induced osteoporosis models, RR can downregulate the expression and function of the MCU, relieving bone loss and promoting osteogenesis to present a therapeutic effect on osteoporosis. This new finding will provide an important direction for the study of RR and MCU in the study of bone metabolism therapy targets.
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188
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Campbell T, Slone J, Huang T. Mitochondrial Genome Variants as a Cause of Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182835. [PMID: 36139411 PMCID: PMC9496904 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are small double-membraned organelles responsible for the generation of energy used in the body in the form of ATP. Mitochondria are unique in that they contain their own circular mitochondrial genome termed mtDNA. mtDNA codes for 37 genes, and together with the nuclear genome (nDNA), dictate mitochondrial structure and function. Not surprisingly, pathogenic variants in the mtDNA or nDNA can result in mitochondrial disease. Mitochondrial disease primarily impacts tissues with high energy demands, including the heart. Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy is characterized by the abnormal structure or function of the myocardium secondary to genetic defects in either the nDNA or mtDNA. Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy can be isolated or part of a syndromic mitochondrial disease. Common manifestations of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy are a phenocopy of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and cardiac conduction defects. The underlying pathophysiology of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy is complex and likely involves multiple abnormal processes in the cell, stemming from deficient oxidative phosphorylation and ATP depletion. Possible pathophysiology includes the activation of alternative metabolic pathways, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, dysfunctional mitochondrial dynamics, abnormal calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial iron overload. Here, we highlight the clinical assessment of mtDNA-related mitochondrial cardiomyopathy and offer a novel hypothesis of a possible integrated, multivariable pathophysiology of disease.
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189
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Wang L, Yang Z, He X, Pu S, Yang C, Wu Q, Zhou Z, Cen X, Zhao H. Mitochondrial protein dysfunction in pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:974480. [PMID: 36157077 PMCID: PMC9489860 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.974480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for neuronal function and cell survival. Besides the well-known bioenergetics, additional mitochondrial roles in calcium signaling, lipid biogenesis, regulation of reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis are pivotal in diverse cellular processes. The mitochondrial proteome encompasses about 1,500 proteins encoded by both the nuclear DNA and the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA. Mutations in the nuclear or mitochondrial genome, or combinations of both, can result in mitochondrial protein deficiencies and mitochondrial malfunction. Therefore, mitochondrial quality control by proteins involved in various surveillance mechanisms is critical for neuronal integrity and viability. Abnormal proteins involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, mitophagy, import machinery, ion channels, and mitochondrial DNA maintenance have been linked to the pathogenesis of a number of neurological diseases. The goal of this review is to give an overview of these pathways and to summarize the interconnections between mitochondrial protein dysfunction and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyun Yang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiumei He
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Shiming Pu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Zuping Zhou
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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190
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Xue K, Wu D, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Shen H, Yao J, Huang X, Li X, Zhou Z, Wang Z, Qiu Y. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter engages UCP1 to form a thermoporter that promotes thermogenesis. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1325-1341.e6. [PMID: 35977541 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-mediated adaptive thermogenesis protects mammals against hypothermia and metabolic dysregulation. Whether and how mitochondrial calcium regulates this process remains unclear. Here, we show that mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) recruits UCP1 through essential MCU regulator (EMRE) to form an MCU-EMRE-UCP1 complex upon adrenergic stimulation. This complex formation increases mitochondrial calcium uptake to accelerate the tricarboxylic acid cycle and supply more protons that promote uncoupled respiration, functioning as a thermogenic uniporter. Mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (MICU1) negatively regulates thermogenesis probably through inhibiting thermogenic uniporter formation. Accordingly, the deletion of Mcu or Emre in brown adipocytes markedly impairs thermogenesis and exacerbates obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Remarkably, the enhanced assembly of the thermogenic uniporter via Micu1 knockout or expressing linked EMRE-UCP1 results in opposite phenotypes. Thus, we have uncovered a "thermoporter" that provides a driving force for the UCP1 operation in thermogenesis, which could be leveraged to combat obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Xue
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yushuang Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yiheng Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hongyu Shen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingfei Yao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xun Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinmeng Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhao Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yifu Qiu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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191
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Bolaños P, Calderón JC. Excitation-contraction coupling in mammalian skeletal muscle: Blending old and last-decade research. Front Physiol 2022; 13:989796. [PMID: 36117698 PMCID: PMC9478590 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.989796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The excitation–contraction coupling (ECC) in skeletal muscle refers to the Ca2+-mediated link between the membrane excitation and the mechanical contraction. The initiation and propagation of an action potential through the membranous system of the sarcolemma and the tubular network lead to the activation of the Ca2+-release units (CRU): tightly coupled dihydropyridine and ryanodine (RyR) receptors. The RyR gating allows a rapid, massive, and highly regulated release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The release from triadic places generates a sarcomeric gradient of Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]) depending on the distance of a subcellular region from the CRU. Upon release, the diffusing Ca2+ has multiple fates: binds to troponin C thus activating the contractile machinery, binds to classical sarcoplasmic Ca2+ buffers such as parvalbumin, adenosine triphosphate and, experimentally, fluorescent dyes, enters the mitochondria and the SR, or is recycled through the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) mechanisms. To commemorate the 7th decade after being coined, we comprehensively and critically reviewed “old”, historical landmarks and well-established concepts, and blended them with recent advances to have a complete, quantitative-focused landscape of the ECC. We discuss the: 1) elucidation of the CRU structures at near-atomic resolution and its implications for functional coupling; 2) reliable quantification of peak sarcoplasmic [Ca2+] using fast, low affinity Ca2+ dyes and the relative contributions of the Ca2+-binding mechanisms to the whole concert of Ca2+ fluxes inside the fibre; 3) articulation of this novel quantitative information with the unveiled structural details of the molecular machinery involved in mitochondrial Ca2+ handing to understand how and how much Ca2+ enters the mitochondria; 4) presence of the SOCE machinery and its different modes of activation, which awaits understanding of its magnitude and relevance in situ; 5) pharmacology of the ECC, and 6) emerging topics such as the use and potential applications of super-resolution and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) in ECC. Blending the old with the new works better!
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Affiliation(s)
- Pura Bolaños
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Centre of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Juan C. Calderón
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Juan C. Calderón,
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192
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Ding C, Hong Y, Che Y, He T, Wang Y, Zhang S, Wu J, Xu W, Hou J, Hao H, Cao L. Bile acid restrained T cell activation explains cholestasis aggravated hepatitis B virus infection. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22468. [PMID: 35913801 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200332r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cholestasis is a common complication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, characterized by increased intrahepatic and plasma bile acid levels. Cholestasis was found negatively associated with hepatitis outcome, however, the exact mechanism by which cholestasis impacts anti-viral immunity and impedes HBV clearance remains elusive. Here, we found that cholestatic mice are featured with dysfunctional T cells response, as indicated by decreased sub-population of CD25+ /CD69+ CD4+ and CD8+ cells, while CTLA-4+ CD4+ and CD8+ subsets were increased. Mechanistically, bile acids disrupt intracellular calcium homeostasis via inhibiting mitochondria calcium uptake and elevating cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, leading to STIM1 and ORAI1 decoupling and impaired store-operated Ca2+ entry which is essential for NFAT signaling and T cells activation. Moreover, in a transgenic mouse model of HBV infection, we confirmed that cholestasis compromised both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells activation resulting in poor viral clearance. Collectively, our results suggest that bile acids play pivotal roles in anti-HBV infection via controlling T cells activation and metabolism and that targeting the regulation of bile acids may be a therapeutic strategy for host-virus defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Che
- State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shule Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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193
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Sandroni PB, Fisher-Wellman KH, Jensen BC. Adrenergic Receptor Regulation of Mitochondrial Function in Cardiomyocytes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:364-377. [PMID: 35170492 PMCID: PMC9365878 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Adrenergic receptors (ARs) are G protein-coupled receptors that are stimulated by catecholamines to induce a wide array of physiological effects across tissue types. Both α1- and β-ARs are found on cardiomyocytes and regulate cardiac contractility and hypertrophy through diverse molecular pathways. Acute activation of cardiomyocyte β-ARs increases heart rate and contractility as an adaptive stress response. However, chronic β-AR stimulation contributes to the pathobiology of heart failure. By contrast, mounting evidence suggests that α1-ARs serve protective functions that may mitigate the deleterious effects of chronic β-AR activation. Here, we will review recent studies demonstrating that α1- and β-ARs differentially regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, mitochondrial calcium handling, and oxidative phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes. We will identify potential mechanisms of these actions and focus on the implications of these findings for the modulation of contractile function in the uninjured and failing heart. Collectively, we hope to elucidate important physiological processes through which these well-studied and clinically relevant receptors stimulate and fuel cardiac contraction to contribute to myocardial health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton B. Sandroni
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute
| | - Kelsey H. Fisher-Wellman
- East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology
- East Carolina University Diabetes and Obesity Institute
| | - Brian C. Jensen
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology
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194
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Rueter J, Rimbach G, Huebbe P. Functional diversity of apolipoprotein E: from subcellular localization to mitochondrial function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:499. [PMID: 36018414 PMCID: PMC9418098 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human apolipoprotein E (APOE), originally known for its role in lipid metabolism, is polymorphic with three major allele forms, namely, APOEε2, APOEε3, and APOEε4, leading to three different human APOE isoforms. The ε4 allele is a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD); therefore, the vast majority of APOE research focuses on its role in AD pathology. However, there is increasing evidence for other functions of APOE through the involvement in other biological processes such as transcriptional regulation, mitochondrial metabolism, immune response, and responsiveness to dietary factors. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the potential novel functions of APOE and their characterization. The detection of APOE in various cell organelles points to previously unrecognized roles in mitochondria and others, although it is actually considered a secretory protein. Furthermore, numerous interactions of APOE with other proteins have been detected, providing indications for new metabolic pathways involving APOE. The present review summarizes the current evidence on APOE beyond its original role in lipid metabolism, to change the perspective and encourage novel approaches to future research on APOE and its isoform-dependent role in the cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Rueter
- Devision of Food Science, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Devision of Food Science, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Patricia Huebbe
- Devision of Food Science, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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195
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Liu M, Lv J, Pan Z, Wang D, Zhao L, Guo X. Mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure and its therapeutic implications. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:945142. [PMID: 36093152 PMCID: PMC9448986 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.945142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP consumption in heart is very intensive to support muscle contraction and relaxation. Mitochondrion is the power plant of the cell. Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been believed as the primary mechanism responsible for the inability of energy generation and utilization in heart failure. In addition, emerging evidence has demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction also contributes to calcium dysregulation, oxidative stress, proteotoxic insults and cardiomyocyte death. These elements interact with each other to form a vicious circle in failing heart. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of heart failure has attracted increasing attention. The complex signaling of mitochondrial quality control provides multiple targets for maintaining mitochondrial function. Design of therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction holds promise for the prevention and treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaosen Liu
- Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialan Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongfei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liding Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaogang Guo,
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196
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Suriya Muthukumaran N, Velusamy P, Akino Mercy CS, Langford D, Natarajaseenivasan K, Shanmughapriya S. MicroRNAs as Regulators of Cancer Cell Energy Metabolism. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1329. [PMID: 36013278 PMCID: PMC9410355 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To adapt to the tumor environment or to escape chemotherapy, cancer cells rapidly reprogram their metabolism. The hallmark biochemical phenotype of cancer cells is the shift in metabolic reprogramming towards aerobic glycolysis. It was thought that this metabolic shift to glycolysis alone was sufficient for cancer cells to meet their heightened energy and metabolic demands for proliferation and survival. Recent studies, however, show that cancer cells rely on glutamine, lipid, and mitochondrial metabolism for energy. Oncogenes and scavenging pathways control many of these metabolic changes, and several metabolic and tumorigenic pathways are post-transcriptionally regulated by microRNA (miRNAs). Genes that are directly or indirectly responsible for energy production in cells are either negatively or positively regulated by miRNAs. Therefore, some miRNAs play an oncogenic role by regulating the metabolic shift that occurs in cancer cells. Additionally, miRNAs can regulate mitochondrial calcium stores and energy metabolism, thus promoting cancer cell survival, cell growth, and metastasis. In the electron transport chain (ETC), miRNAs enhance the activity of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c, and these apoptosome proteins are directed towards the ETC rather than to the apoptotic pathway. This review will highlight how miRNAs regulate the enzymes, signaling pathways, and transcription factors of cancer cell metabolism and mitochondrial calcium import/export pathways. The review will also focus on the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells to promote survival, proliferation, growth, and metastasis with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential of miRNAs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prema Velusamy
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Dauphin, PA 17033, USA
| | - Charles Solomon Akino Mercy
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dianne Langford
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kalimuthusamy Natarajaseenivasan
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Santhanam Shanmughapriya
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Dauphin, PA 17033, USA
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197
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Zhang L, Au-Yeung CL, Huang C, Yeung TL, Ferri-Borgogno S, Lawson BC, Kwan SY, Yin Z, Wong ST, Thomas V, Lu KH, Yip KP, Sham JSK, Mok SC. Ryanodine receptor 1-mediated Ca2+ signaling and mitochondrial reprogramming modulate uterine serous cancer malignant phenotypes. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:242. [PMID: 35953818 PMCID: PMC9373370 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uterine serous cancer (USC) is the most common non-endometrioid subtype of uterine cancer, and is also the most aggressive. Most patients will die of progressively chemotherapy-resistant disease, and the development of new therapies that can target USC remains a major unmet clinical need. This study sought to determine the molecular mechanism by which a novel unfavorable prognostic biomarker ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1) identified in advanced USC confers their malignant phenotypes, and demonstrated the efficacy of targeting RYR1 by repositioned FDA-approved compounds in USC treatment. Methods TCGA USC dataset was analyzed to identify top genes that are associated with patient survival or disease stage, and can be targeted by FDA-approved compounds. The top gene RYR1 was selected and the functional role of RYR1 in USC progression was determined by silencing and over-expressing RYR1 in USC cells in vitro and in vivo. The molecular mechanism and signaling networks associated with the functional role of RYR1 in USC progression were determined by reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA), Western blot, and transcriptomic profiling analyses. The efficacy of the repositioned compound dantrolene on USC progression was determined using both in vitro and in vivo models. Results High expression level of RYR1 in the tumors is associated with advanced stage of the disease. Inhibition of RYR1 suppressed proliferation, migration and enhanced apoptosis through Ca2+-dependent activation of AKT/CREB/PGC-1α and AKT/HK1/2 signaling pathways, which modulate mitochondrial bioenergetics properties, including oxidative phosphorylation, ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS production and TCA metabolites, and glycolytic activities in USC cells. Repositioned compound dantrolene suppressed USC progression and survival in mouse models. Conclusions These findings provided insight into the mechanism by which RYR1 modulates the malignant phenotypes of USC and could aid in the development of dantrolene as a repurposed therapeutic agent for the treatment of USC to improve patient survival. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02419-w.
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198
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Xian H, Watari K, Sanchez-Lopez E, Offenberger J, Onyuru J, Sampath H, Ying W, Hoffman HM, Shadel GS, Karin M. Oxidized DNA fragments exit mitochondria via mPTP- and VDAC-dependent channels to activate NLRP3 inflammasome and interferon signaling. Immunity 2022; 55:1370-1385.e8. [PMID: 35835107 PMCID: PMC9378606 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) escaping stressed mitochondria provokes inflammation via cGAS-STING pathway activation and, when oxidized (Ox-mtDNA), it binds cytosolic NLRP3, thereby triggering inflammasome activation. However, it is unknown how and in which form Ox-mtDNA exits stressed mitochondria in non-apoptotic macrophages. We found that diverse NLRP3 inflammasome activators rapidly stimulated uniporter-mediated calcium uptake to open mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTP) and trigger VDAC oligomerization. This occurred independently of mtDNA or reactive oxygen species, which induce Ox-mtDNA generation. Within mitochondria, Ox-mtDNA was either repaired by DNA glycosylase OGG1 or cleaved by the endonuclease FEN1 to 500-650 bp fragments that exited mitochondria via mPTP- and VDAC-dependent channels to initiate cytosolic NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Ox-mtDNA fragments also activated cGAS-STING signaling and gave rise to pro-inflammatory extracellular DNA. Understanding this process will advance the development of potential treatments for chronic inflammatory diseases, exemplified by FEN1 inhibitors that suppressed interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production and mtDNA release in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Xian
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kosuke Watari
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Lopez
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph Offenberger
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Janset Onyuru
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Harini Sampath
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Wei Ying
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gerald S Shadel
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Lan T, Zhang K, Lin F, He Q, Wu S, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Quan F. Effects of MICU1-Mediated Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake on Energy Metabolism and Quality of Vitrified-Thawed Mouse Metaphase II Oocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158629. [PMID: 35955764 PMCID: PMC9368797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oocyte vitrification has been widely used in the treatment of infertility and fertility preservation. However, vitrification-induced mitochondrial damage adversely affects oocyte development. Several studies have reported that mitochondrial calcium uptake protein 1 (MICU1) regulates the uptake of mitochondrial calcium by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and subsequently controls aerobic metabolism and oxidative stress in mitochondria, but research considering oocytes remains unreported. We evaluated whether the addition of MICU1 modulators enhances mitochondrial activity, pyruvate metabolism, and developmental competence after warming of MII oocytes. Methods: Retrieved MII oocytes of mice were classified as vitrified or control groups. After thawing, oocytes of vitrified group were cultured with or without DS16570511 (MICU1 inhibitor) and MCU-i4 (MICU1 activator) for 2 h. Results: Mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration, pyruvate dephosphorylation level, and MICU1 expression of MII oocytes were significantly increased after vitrification. These phenomena were further exacerbated by the addition of MCU-i4 and reversed by the addition of DS16570511 after warming. However, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in vitrified-warmed MII oocytes drop significantly after vitrification, which was improved after MCU-i4 treatment and decreased significantly after DS16570511 treatment. The vitrification process was able to elicit a development competence reduction. After parthenogenetic activation, incubation of the thawed oocytes with MCU-i4 did not alter the cleavage and blastocyst rates. Moreover, incubation of the thawed oocytes with DS16570511 reduced the cleavage and blastocyst rates. Conclusions: MICU1-mediated increasing mitochondrial calcium uptake after vitrification of the MII oocytes promoted the pyruvate oxidation, and this process may maintain oocyte development competence by compensating for the consumption of ATP under stress state.
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Stamerra CA, Di Giosia P, Giorgini P, Ferri C, Sukhorukov VN, Sahebkar A. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology and Emerging Therapies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9530007. [PMID: 35958017 PMCID: PMC9363184 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9530007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria ensure the supply of cellular energy through the production of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. The alteration of this process, called mitochondrial dysfunction, leads to a reduction in ATP and an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial dysfunction can be caused by mitochondrial/nuclear DNA mutations, or it can be secondary to pathological conditions such as cardiovascular disease, aging, and environmental stress. The use of therapies aimed at the prevention/correction of mitochondrial dysfunction, in the context of the specific treatment of cardiovascular diseases, is a topic of growing interest. In this context, the data are conflicting since preclinical studies are numerous, but there are no large randomized studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Andrea Stamerra
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Building Delta 6, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mazzoni Hospital, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Paolo Di Giosia
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Building Delta 6, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mazzoni Hospital, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Paolo Giorgini
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Building Delta 6, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Building Delta 6, San Salvatore Hospital, Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, Moscow 121609, Russia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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