151
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Smith RJ, Anderson RI, Haun HL, Mulholland PJ, Griffin WC, Lopez MF, Becker HC. Dynamic c-Fos changes in mouse brain during acute and protracted withdrawal from chronic intermittent ethanol exposure and relapse drinking. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12804. [PMID: 31288295 PMCID: PMC7579841 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol dependence promotes neuroadaptations in numerous brain areas, leading to escalated drinking and enhanced relapse vulnerability. We previously developed a mouse model of ethanol dependence and relapse drinking in which repeated cycles of chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) vapor exposure drive a significant escalation of voluntary ethanol drinking. In the current study, we used this model to evaluate changes in neuronal activity (as indexed by c‐Fos expression) throughout acute and protracted withdrawal from CIE (combined with or without a history of ethanol drinking). We analyzed c‐Fos protein expression in 29 brain regions in mice sacrificed 2, 10, 26, and 74 hours or 7 days after withdrawal from 5 cycles of CIE. Results revealed dynamic time‐ and brain region‐dependent changes in c‐Fos activity over the time course of withdrawal from CIE exposure, as compared with nondependent air‐exposed control mice, beginning with markedly low expression levels upon removal from the ethanol vapor chambers (2 hours), reflecting intoxication. c‐Fos expression was enhanced during acute CIE withdrawal (10 and 26 hours), followed by widespread reductions at the beginning of protracted withdrawal (74 hours) in several brain areas. Persistent reductions in c‐Fos expression were observed during prolonged withdrawal (7 days) in prelimbic cortex, nucleus accumbens shell, dorsomedial striatum, paraventricular nucleus of thalamus, and ventral subiculum. A history of ethanol drinking altered acute CIE withdrawal effects and caused widespread reductions in c‐Fos that persisted during extended abstinence even without CIE exposure. These data indicate that ethanol dependence and relapse drinking drive long‐lasting neuroadaptations in several brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J. Smith
- Department of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Rachel I. Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Harold L. Haun
- Department of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Patrick J. Mulholland
- Department of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
- Charleston Alcohol Research Center Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - William C. Griffin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
- Charleston Alcohol Research Center Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Marcelo F. Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
- Charleston Alcohol Research Center Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Howard C. Becker
- Department of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
- Charleston Alcohol Research Center Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veteran Affairs Medical Center Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
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152
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Xia F, Kheirbek MA. Circuit-Based Biomarkers for Mood and Anxiety Disorders. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:902-915. [PMID: 32917408 PMCID: PMC7606349 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mood and anxiety disorders are complex heterogeneous syndromes that manifest in dysfunctions across multiple brain regions, cell types, and circuits. Biomarkers using brain-wide activity patterns in humans have proven useful in distinguishing between disorder subtypes and identifying effective treatments. In order to improve biomarker identification, it is crucial to understand the basic circuitry underpinning brain-wide activity patterns. Leveraging a large repertoire of techniques, animal studies have examined roles of specific cell types and circuits in driving maladaptive behavior. Recent advances in multiregion recording techniques, data-driven analysis approaches, and machine-learning-based behavioral analysis tools can further push the boundary of animal studies and bridge the gap with human studies, to assess how brain-wide activity patterns encode and drive emotional behavior. Together, these efforts will allow identifying more precise biomarkers to enhance diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Xia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Mazen A Kheirbek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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153
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A projection from the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus to the shell of the nucleus accumbens contributes to footshock stress-induced social avoidance. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 13:100266. [PMID: 33344719 PMCID: PMC7739169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) is an area of the dorsal midline thalamus that contributes to footshock induced anxiety. The PVT sends a dense projection to the shell of the nucleus accumbens (NAcSh) and the present study explored if this projection is involved in the behavioral changes produced by a single exposure of rats to inescapable footshocks. The inhibitory Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) hM4Di was transduced in PVT neurons that project to the NAcSh. Rats were exposed to an episode of moderately intense footshock (1.5 mA × 2 s × 5) and assigned to either high-responder (HR) or low-responder groups (LR) according to their level of fear generalization 24 h later. The effect of chemogenetic inhibition of the PVT-NAcSh projection on anxiety- and fear-like behaviors was assessed at approximately 2 weeks post-footshock. HR showed a higher level of social avoidance compared to non-shocked animals and LR. The elevated level of social avoidance was attenuated in the HR treated with the hM4Di agonist clozapine (0.01 mg/kg, i.p.) or clozapine N-oxide (CNO) administrations in the NAcSh while avoidance of open spaces and contextual fear expression were not affected. Analysis of protein product of the early to immediate gene cfos indicated that these effects were mediated by dynorphin neurons in the NAcSh. This study provides evidence for a role of a projection from the PVT to the NAcSh in stress-induced social avoidance independent of anxiety to non-social stimuli and contextual fear mechanisms.
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154
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Abstract
Addiction is commonly identified with habitual nonmedical self-administration of drugs. It is usually defined by characteristics of intoxication or by characteristics of withdrawal symptoms. Such addictions can also be defined in terms of the brain mechanisms they activate; most addictive drugs cause elevations in extracellular levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Animals unable to synthesize or use dopamine lack the conditioned reflexes discussed by Pavlov or the appetitive behavior discussed by Craig; they have only unconditioned consummatory reflexes. Burst discharges (phasic firing) of dopamine-containing neurons are necessary to establish long-term memories associating predictive stimuli with rewards and punishers. Independent discharges of dopamine neurons (tonic or pacemaker firing) determine the motivation to respond to such cues. As a result of habitual intake of addictive drugs, dopamine receptors expressed in the brain are decreased, thereby reducing interest in activities not already stamped in by habitual rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A Wise
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA; .,Behavioral Genetics Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA;
| | - Mykel A Robble
- Behavioral Genetics Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA;
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155
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McGinty JF, Otis JM. Heterogeneity in the Paraventricular Thalamus: The Traffic Light of Motivated Behaviors. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:590528. [PMID: 33177999 PMCID: PMC7596164 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.590528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) is highly interconnected with brain areas that control reward-seeking behavior. Despite this known connectivity, broad manipulations of PVT often lead to mixed, and even opposing, behavioral effects, clouding our understanding of how PVT precisely contributes to reward processing. Although the function of PVT in influencing reward-seeking is poorly understood, recent studies show that forebrain and hypothalamic inputs to, and nucleus accumbens (NAc) and amygdalar outputs from, PVT are strongly implicated in PVT responses to conditioned and appetitive or aversive stimuli that determine whether an animal will approach or avoid specific rewards. These studies, which have used an array of chemogenetic, optogenetic, and calcium imaging technologies, have shown that activity in PVT input and output circuits is highly heterogeneous, with mixed activity patterns that contribute to behavior in highly distinct manners. Thus, it is important to perform experiments in precisely defined cell types to elucidate how the PVT network contributes to reward-seeking behaviors. In this review, we describe the complex heterogeneity within PVT circuitry that appears to influence the decision to seek or avoid a reward and point out gaps in our understanding that should be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline F. McGinty
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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156
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Eacret D, Veasey SC, Blendy JA. Bidirectional Relationship between Opioids and Disrupted Sleep: Putative Mechanisms. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:445-453. [PMID: 32198209 PMCID: PMC7562980 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.119107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of Americans suffer from opiate use disorder, and over 100 die every day from opioid overdoses. Opioid use often progresses into a vicious cycle of abuse and withdrawal, resulting in very high rates of relapse. Although the physical and psychologic symptoms of opiate withdrawal are well-documented, sleep disturbances caused by chronic opioid exposure and withdrawal are less well-understood. These substances can significantly disrupt sleep acutely and in the long term. Yet poor sleep may influence opiate use, suggesting a bidirectional feed-forward interaction between poor sleep and opioid use. The neurobiology of how opioids affect sleep and how disrupted sleep affects opioid use is not well-understood. Here, we will summarize what is known about the effects of opioids on electroencephalographic sleep in humans and in animal models. We then discuss the neurobiology interface between reward-related brain regions that mediate arousal and wakefulness as well as the effect of opioids in sleep-related brain regions and neurotransmitter systems. Finally, we summarize what is known of the mechanisms underlying opioid exposure and sleep. A critical review of such studies, as well as recommendations of studies that evaluate the impact of manipulating sleep during withdrawal, will further our understanding of the cyclical feedback between sleep and opioid use. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: We review recent studies on the mechanisms linking opioids and sleep. Opioids affect sleep, and sleep affects opioid use; however, the biology underlying this relationship is not understood. This review compiles recent studies in this area that fill this gap in knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Eacret
- Departments of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (D.E., J.A.B.) and Medicine (S.C.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - S C Veasey
- Departments of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (D.E., J.A.B.) and Medicine (S.C.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - J A Blendy
- Departments of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (D.E., J.A.B.) and Medicine (S.C.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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157
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Allostatic Changes in the cAMP System Drive Opioid-Induced Adaptation in Striatal Dopamine Signaling. Cell Rep 2020; 29:946-960.e2. [PMID: 31644915 PMCID: PMC6871051 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids are powerful addictive agents that alter dopaminergic influence
on reward signaling in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus accumbens.
Repeated opioid exposure triggers adaptive changes, shifting reward valuation to
the allostatic state underlying tolerance. However, the cellular substrates and
molecular logic underlying such allostatic changes are not well understood.
Here, we report that the plasticity of dopamine-induced cyclic AMP (cAMP)
signaling in MSNs serves as a cellular substrate for drug-induced allostatic
adjustments. By recording cAMP responses to optically evoked dopamine in brain
slices from mice subjected to various opioid exposure paradigms, we define
profound neuronal-type-specific adaptations. We find that opioid exposure pivots
the initial hyper-responsiveness of D1-MSNs toward D2-MSN dominance as
dependence escalates. Presynaptic dopamine transporters and postsynaptic
phosphodiesterases critically enable cell-specific adjustments of cAMP that
control the balance between opponent D1-MSN and D2-MSN channels. We propose a
quantitative model of opioid-induced allostatic adjustments in cAMP signal
strength that balances circuit activity. Muntean et al. examine how opioid exposure influences cyclic AMP (cAMP)
responses to dopamine in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). They describe
allostatic adaptations in the processing of dopaminergic signals by D1-MSN and
D2-MSN populations as opioid administration progresses from acute exposure to
chronic use, and they define molecular elements contributing to the process.
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158
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Cortical and Thalamic Interaction with Amygdala-to-Accumbens Synapses. J Neurosci 2020; 40:7119-7132. [PMID: 32763909 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1121-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) regulates emotional and motivational responses, a function mediated, in part, by integrating and prioritizing extensive glutamatergic projections from limbic and paralimbic brain regions. Each of these inputs is thought to encode unique aspects of emotional and motivational arousal. The projections do not operate alone, but rather are often activated simultaneously during motivated behaviors, during which they can interact and coordinate in shaping behavioral output. To understand the anatomic and physiological bases underlying these interprojection interactions, the current study in mice of both sexes focused on how the basolateral amygdala projection (BLAp) to the NAcSh regulates, and is regulated by, projections from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFCp) and paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVTp). Using a dual-color SynaptoTag technique combined with a backfilling spine imaging strategy, we found that all three afferent projections primarily targeted the secondary dendrites of NAcSh medium spiny neurons, forming putative synapses. We detected a low percentage of BLAp contacts closely adjacent to mPFCp or PVTp presumed synapses, and, on some rare occasions, the BLAp formed heterosynaptic interactions with mPFCp or PVTp profiles or appeared to contact the same spines. Using dual-rhodopsin optogenetics, we detected signs of dendritic summation of BLAp with PVTp and mPFCp inputs. Furthermore, high-frequency activation of BLAp synchronous with the PVTp or mPFCp resulted in a transient enhancement of the PVTp, but not mPFCp, transmission. These results provide anatomic and functional indices that the BLAp interacts with the mPFCp and PVTp for informational processing within the NAcSh.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The nucleus accumbens regulates emotional and motivational responses by integrating extensive glutamatergic projections, but the anatomic and physiological bases on which these projections integrate and interact remain underexplored. Here, we used dual-color synaptic markers combined with backfilling of nucleus accumbens medium spiny neurons to reveal some unique anatomic alignments of presumed synapses from the basolateral amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, and paraventricular nucleus of thalamus. We also used dual-rhodopsin optogenetics in brain slices, which reveal a nonlinear interaction between some, but not all, projections. These results provide compelling anatomic and physiological mechanisms through which different glutamatergic projections to the nucleus accumbens, and possibly different aspects of emotional and motivational arousal, interact with each other for final behavioral output.
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159
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Keyes PC, Adams EL, Chen Z, Bi L, Nachtrab G, Wang VJ, Tessier-Lavigne M, Zhu Y, Chen X. Orchestrating Opiate-Associated Memories in Thalamic Circuits. Neuron 2020; 107:1113-1123.e4. [PMID: 32679036 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Disrupting memories that associate environmental cues with drug experiences holds promise for treating addiction, yet accessing the distributed neural network that stores such memories is challenging. Here, we show that the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) orchestrates the acquisition and maintenance of opiate-associated memories via projections to the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). PVT→CeA activity associates morphine reward to the environment, whereas transient inhibition of the PVT→NAc pathway during retrieval causes enduring protection against opiate-primed relapse. Using brain-wide activity mapping, we revealed distributed network activities that are altered in non-relapsing mice, which enabled us to find that activating the downstream NAc→lateral hypothalamus (LH) pathway also prevents relapse. These findings establish the PVT as a key node in the opiate-associated memory network and demonstrate the potential of targeting the PVT→NAc→LH pathway for treating opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piper C Keyes
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eliza L Adams
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zijun Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Linlin Bi
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gregory Nachtrab
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vickie J Wang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Yingjie Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Xiaoke Chen
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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160
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Paraventricular Thalamus Activity during Motivational Conflict Highlights the Nucleus as a Potential Constituent in the Neurocircuitry of Addiction. J Neurosci 2020; 40:726-728. [PMID: 31969491 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1945-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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161
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Interactions between prelimbic cortex and basolateral amygdala contribute to morphine-induced conditioned taste aversion in conditioning and extinction. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 172:107248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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162
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Nordman JC, Ma X, Gu Q, Potegal M, Li H, Kravitz AV, Li Z. Potentiation of Divergent Medial Amygdala Pathways Drives Experience-Dependent Aggression Escalation. J Neurosci 2020; 40:4858-4880. [PMID: 32424020 PMCID: PMC7326350 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0370-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heightened aggression can be serious concerns for the individual and society at large and are symptoms of many psychiatric illnesses, such as post-traumatic stress disorder. The circuit and synaptic mechanisms underlying experience-induced aggression increase, however, are poorly understood. Here we find that prior attack experience leading to an increase in aggressive behavior, known as aggression priming, activates neurons within the posterior ventral segment of the medial amygdala (MeApv). Optogenetic stimulation of MeApv using a synaptic depression protocol suppresses aggression priming, whereas high-frequency stimulation enhances aggression, mimicking attack experience. Interrogation of the underlying neural circuitry revealed that the MeApv mediates aggression priming via synaptic connections with the ventromedial hypothalamus (VmH) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). These pathways undergo NMDAR-dependent synaptic potentiation after attack. Furthermore, we find that the MeApv-VmH synapses selectively control attack duration, whereas the MeApv-BNST synapses modulate attack frequency, both with no effect on social behavior. Synaptic potentiation of the MeApv-VmH and MeApv-BNST pathways contributes to increased aggression induced by traumatic stress, and weakening synaptic transmission at these synapses blocks the effect of traumatic stress on aggression. These results reveal a circuit and synaptic basis for aggression modulation by experience that can be potentially leveraged toward clinical interventions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Heightened aggression can have devastating social consequences and may be associated with psychiatric disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder. The circuit and synaptic mechanisms underlying experience-induced aggression escalation, however, are poorly understood. Here we identify two aggression pathways between the posterior ventral segment of the medial amygdala and its downstream synaptic partners, the ventromedial hypothalamus and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis that undergo synaptic potentiation after attack and traumatic stress to enhance aggression. Notably, weakening synaptic transmission in these circuits blocks aggression priming, naturally occurring aggression, and traumatic stress-induced aggression increase. These results illustrate a circuit and synaptic basis of aggression modulation by experience, which can be potentially targeted for clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Nordman
- Section on Synapse Development and Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Section on Synapse Development and Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Qinhua Gu
- Section on Synapse Development and Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Michael Potegal
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - He Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Alexxai V Kravitz
- Eating and Addiction Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Zheng Li
- Section on Synapse Development and Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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163
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Qu L, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang X, Li N, Ge S, Wang J, Wang GJ, Volkow ND, Lang B, Wang P, Wu H, Zeng J, Fu J, Li J, Zhang Y, Wang X. Decreased Neuronal Excitability in Medial Prefrontal Cortex during Morphine Withdrawal is associated with enhanced SK channel activity and upregulation of small GTPase Rac1. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:7369-7383. [PMID: 32641997 PMCID: PMC7330845 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Neuroadaptations in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) play a role in the disruption of control-reward circuits in opioid addiction. Small Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium (SK) channels in the mPFC have been implicated in neuronal excitability changes during morphine withdrawal. However, the mechanism that modulates SK channels during withdrawal is still unknown. Methods: Rats were exposed for one week to daily morphine injections (10 mg·kg-1 s.c.) followed by conditional place preference (CPP) assessment. One week after withdrawal, electrophysiological, morphological and molecular biological methods were applied to investigate the effects of morphine on SK channels in mPFC, including infralimbic (IL), prelimbic (PrL) cortices and NAc (core and shell). We verified the hypothesis that Rac1, a member of Rho family of small GTPases, implicated in SK channel regulation, modulate SK channel neuroadaptations during opiate withdrawal. Results: One week after morphine withdrawal, the neuronal excitability of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in IL was decreased, but not in PrL. Whereas, the excitability was increased in NAc-shell, but not in NAc-core. In mPFC, the expression of the SK3 subunit was enhanced after one-week of withdrawal compared to controls. In the IL, Rac1 signaling was increased during withdrawal, and the Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 disrupted SK current, which increased neuronal firing. Suppression of Rac1 inhibited morphine-induced CPP and expression of SK channels in IL. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential value of SK channels and the upstream molecule Rac1, which may throw light on the therapeutic mechanism of neuromodulation treatment for opioid dependence.
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164
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Zhang XY, Li Q, Dong Y, Yan W, Song K, Lin YQ, Sun YG. Mu-Opioid Receptors Expressed in Glutamatergic Neurons are Essential for Morphine Withdrawal. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:1095-1106. [PMID: 32451910 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although opioids still remain the most powerful pain-killers, the chronic use of opioid analgesics is largely limited by their numerous side-effects, including opioid dependence. However, the mechanism underlying this dependence is largely unknown. In this study, we used the withdrawal symptoms precipitated by naloxone to characterize opioid dependence in mice. We determined the functional role of mu-opioid receptors (MORs) expressed in different subpopulations of neurons in the development of morphine withdrawal. We found that conditional deletion of MORs from glutamatergic neurons expressing vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2+) largely eliminated the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms. In contrast, conditional deletion of MORs expressed in GABAergic neurons had a limited effect on morphine withdrawal. Consistently, mice with MORs deleted from Vglut2+ glutamatergic neurons also showed no morphine-induced locomotor hyperactivity. Furthermore, morphine withdrawal and morphine-induced hyperactivity were not significantly affected by conditional knockout of MORs from dorsal spinal neurons. Taken together, our data indicate that the development of morphine withdrawal is largely mediated by MORs expressed in Vglut2+ glutamatergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yan Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ye Dong
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kun Song
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong-Qin Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan-Gang Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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165
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Lüscher C, Robbins TW, Everitt BJ. The transition to compulsion in addiction. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:247-263. [PMID: 32231315 PMCID: PMC7610550 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Compulsion is a cardinal symptom of drug addiction (severe substance use disorder). However, compulsion is observed in only a small proportion of individuals who repeatedly seek and use addictive substances. Here, we integrate accounts of the neuropharmacological mechanisms that underlie the transition to compulsion with overarching learning theories, to outline how compulsion develops in addiction. Importantly, we emphasize the conceptual distinctions between compulsive drug-seeking behaviour and compulsive drug-taking behaviour (that is, use). In the latter, an individual cannot stop using a drug despite major negative consequences, possibly reflecting an imbalance in frontostriatal circuits that encode reward and aversion. By contrast, an individual may compulsively seek drugs (that is, persist in seeking drugs despite the negative consequences of doing so) when the neural systems that underlie habitual behaviour dominate goal-directed behavioural systems, and when executive control over this maladaptive behaviour is diminished. This distinction between different aspects of addiction may help to identify its neural substrates and new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lüscher
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Barry J Everitt
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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166
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Lee C, Lavoie A, Liu J, Chen SX, Liu BH. Light Up the Brain: The Application of Optogenetics in Cell-Type Specific Dissection of Mouse Brain Circuits. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:18. [PMID: 32390806 PMCID: PMC7193678 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The exquisite intricacies of neural circuits are fundamental to an animal’s diverse and complex repertoire of sensory and motor functions. The ability to precisely map neural circuits and to selectively manipulate neural activity is critical to understanding brain function and has, therefore been a long-standing goal for neuroscientists. The recent development of optogenetic tools, combined with transgenic mouse lines, has endowed us with unprecedented spatiotemporal precision in circuit analysis. These advances greatly expand the scope of tractable experimental investigations. Here, in the first half of the review, we will present applications of optogenetics in identifying connectivity between different local neuronal cell types and of long-range projections with both in vitro and in vivo methods. We will then discuss how these tools can be used to reveal the functional roles of these cell-type specific connections in governing sensory information processing, and learning and memory in the visual cortex, somatosensory cortex, and motor cortex. Finally, we will discuss the prospect of new optogenetic tools and how their application can further advance modern neuroscience. In summary, this review serves as a primer to exemplify how optogenetics can be used in sophisticated modern circuit analyses at the levels of synapses, cells, network connectivity and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Lee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andreanne Lavoie
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jiashu Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simon X Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Center for Neural Dynamics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bao-Hua Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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167
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Hu H, Cui Y, Yang Y. Circuits and functions of the lateral habenula in health and in disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:277-295. [PMID: 32269316 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed exponentially growing interest in the lateral habenula (LHb) owing to new discoveries relating to its critical role in regulating negatively motivated behaviour and its implication in major depression. The LHb, sometimes referred to as the brain's 'antireward centre', receives inputs from diverse limbic forebrain and basal ganglia structures, and targets essentially all midbrain neuromodulatory systems, including the noradrenergic, serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. Its unique anatomical position enables the LHb to act as a hub that integrates value-based, sensory and experience-dependent information to regulate various motivational, cognitive and motor processes. Dysfunction of the LHb may contribute to the pathophysiology of several psychiatric disorders, especially major depression. Recently, exciting progress has been made in identifying the molecular and cellular mechanisms in the LHb that underlie negative emotional state in animal models of drug withdrawal and major depression. A future challenge is to translate these advances into effective clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan Hu
- Department of Psychiatry of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,The MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, China. .,Fountain-Valley Institute for Life Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yihui Cui
- The MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- The MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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168
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Blum K, Baron D, McLaughlin T, Gold MS. Molecular neurological correlates of endorphinergic/dopaminergic mechanisms in reward circuitry linked to endorphinergic deficiency syndrome (EDS). J Neurol Sci 2020; 411:116733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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169
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Lafferty CK, Britt JP. Off-Target Influences of Arch-Mediated Axon Terminal Inhibition on Network Activity and Behavior. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:10. [PMID: 32269514 PMCID: PMC7109268 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaerhodopsin (ArchT)-mediated photoinhibition of axon terminals is commonly used to test the involvement of specific long-range neural projections in behavior. Although sustained activation of this opsin in axon terminals has the unintended consequence of enhancing spontaneous vesicle release, it is unclear whether this desynchronized signaling is consequential for ArchT’s behavioral effects. Here, we compare axon terminal and cell body photoinhibition of nucleus accumbens (NAc) afferents to test the utility of these approaches for uncovering pathway-specific contributions of neural circuits to behavior. First, in brain slice recordings we confirmed that ArchT photoinhibition of glutamatergic axons reduces evoked synaptic currents and increases spontaneous transmitter release. A further consequence was increased interneuron activity, which served to broadly suppress glutamate input via presynaptic GABAB receptors. In vivo, axon terminal photoinhibition increased feeding and reward-seeking behavior irrespective of the afferent pathway targeted. These behavioral effects are comparable to those obtained with broad inhibition of NAc neurons. In contrast, cell body inhibition of excitatory NAc afferents revealed a pathway-specific contribution of thalamic input to feeding behavior and amygdala input to reward-seeking under extinction conditions. These findings underscore the off-target behavioral consequences of ArchT-mediated axon terminal inhibition while highlighting cell body inhibition as a valuable alternative for pathway-specific optogenetic silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K Lafferty
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Britt
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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170
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Lin R, Liang J, Wang R, Yan T, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Feng Q, Sun F, Li Y, Li A, Gong H, Luo M. The Raphe Dopamine System Controls the Expression of Incentive Memory. Neuron 2020; 106:498-514.e8. [PMID: 32145184 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The brain dopamine (DA) system participates in forming and expressing memory. Despite a well-established role of DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area in memory formation, the exact DA circuits that control memory expression remain unclear. Here, we show that DA neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and their medulla input control the expression of incentive memory. DRN DA neurons are activated by both rewarding and aversive stimuli in a learning-dependent manner and exhibit elevated activity during memory recall. Disrupting their physiological activity or DA synthesis blocks the expression of natural appetitive and aversive memories as well as drug memories associated with opioids. Moreover, a glutamatergic pathway from the lateral parabrachial nucleus to the DRN selectively regulates the expression of reward memories associated with opioids or foods. Our study reveals a specialized DA subsystem important for memory expression and suggests new targets for interventions against opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lin
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Jingwen Liang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ruiyu Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China; School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ting Yan
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Youtong Zhou
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yang Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiru Feng
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fangmiao Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yulong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Anan Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou 215100, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou 215100, China
| | - Minmin Luo
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China.
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171
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Nucleus Accumbens Cell Type- and Input-Specific Suppression of Unproductive Reward Seeking. Cell Rep 2020; 30:3729-3742.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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172
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Chisholm A, Iannuzzi J, Rizzo D, Gonzalez N, Fortin É, Bumbu A, Batallán Burrowes AA, Chapman CA, Shalev U. The role of the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus in the augmentation of heroin seeking induced by chronic food restriction. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12708. [PMID: 30623532 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronic disorder that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and involves cycling between periods of compulsive drug use, abstinence, and relapse. In both human addicts and animal models of addiction, chronic food restriction has been shown to increase rates of relapse. Previously, our laboratory has demonstrated a robust increase in drug seeking following a period of withdrawal in chronically food-restricted rats compared with sated rats. To date, the neural mechanisms that mediate the effect of chronic food restriction on drug seeking have not been elucidated. However, the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) appears to be a promising target to investigate. The objective of the current study was to examine the role of the PVT in the augmentation of heroin seeking induced by chronic food restriction. Male Long-Evans rats were trained to self-administer heroin for 10 days. Rats were then removed from the training chambers and experienced a 14-day withdrawal period with either unrestricted (sated) or mildly restricted (FDR) access to food. On day 14, rats underwent a 1-hour heroin-seeking test under extinction conditions, during which neural activity in the PVT was either inhibited or increased using pharmacological or chemogenetic approaches. Unexpectedly, inhibition of the PVT did not alter heroin seeking in food-restricted or sated rats, while enhancing neural activity in the PVT-attenuated heroin seeking in food-restricted rats. These results indicate that PVT activity can modulate heroin seeking induced by chronic food restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Chisholm
- Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology/Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie ComportementaleConcordia University Montreal Canada
| | - Jessica Iannuzzi
- Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology/Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie ComportementaleConcordia University Montreal Canada
| | - Damaris Rizzo
- Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology/Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie ComportementaleConcordia University Montreal Canada
| | - Natasha Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology/Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie ComportementaleConcordia University Montreal Canada
| | - Émilie Fortin
- Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology/Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie ComportementaleConcordia University Montreal Canada
| | - Alexandra Bumbu
- Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology/Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie ComportementaleConcordia University Montreal Canada
| | - Ariel A. Batallán Burrowes
- Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology/Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie ComportementaleConcordia University Montreal Canada
| | - C. Andrew Chapman
- Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology/Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie ComportementaleConcordia University Montreal Canada
| | - Uri Shalev
- Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology/Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie ComportementaleConcordia University Montreal Canada
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173
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Wang X, Chou XL, Zhang LI, Tao HW. Zona Incerta: An Integrative Node for Global Behavioral Modulation. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:82-87. [PMID: 31864676 PMCID: PMC7439563 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Zona incerta (ZI) is a largely inhibitory subthalamic region connecting with many brain areas. Early studies have suggested involvement of ZI in various functions such as visceral activities, arousal, attention, and locomotion, but the specific roles of different ZI subdomains or cell types have not been well examined. Recent studies combining optogenetics, behavioral assays, neural tracing, and neural activity-recording reveal novel functional roles of ZI depending on specific input-output connectivity patterns. Here, we review these studies and summarize functions of ZI into four categories: sensory integration, behavioral output control, motivational drive, and neural plasticity. In view of these new findings, we propose that ZI serves as an integrative node for global modulation of behaviors and physiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Wang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Xiao-Lin Chou
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Li I Zhang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Huizhong Whit Tao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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174
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Fang W. Deciphering functional brain circuitry during morphine withdrawal with dynamic manganese-enhanced MRI. Neurosci Lett 2020; 716:134655. [PMID: 31783083 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Withdrawal plays a key role in the development of addiction, and several brain regions, such as the extended amygdala, are functional during this stage. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) is a promising method for directly studying neural activity during morphine withdrawal, versus functional MRI, which is based on hemodynamic alterations. The functional brain circuitry associated with morphine withdrawal has not been thoroughly investigated, and there are very few longitudinal studies utilizing MEMRI to explore brain activity during this stage. In our experiments, we revealed essential brain regions involved in morphine withdrawal by application of a novel dynamic MEMRI approach, and demonstrated dynamic alterations of functional brain activities in these associated brain regions. Our results demonstrate that the dynamic MEMRI approach is an effective method that may be applied to reveal dynamic alterations in functional brain activity during morphine withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenheng Fang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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175
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Kruyer A, Chioma VC, Kalivas PW. The Opioid-Addicted Tetrapartite Synapse. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:34-43. [PMID: 31378302 PMCID: PMC6898767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Opioid administration in preclinical models induces long-lasting adaptations in reward and habit circuitry. The latest research demonstrates that in the nucleus accumbens, opioid-induced excitatory synaptic plasticity involves presynaptic and postsynaptic elements as well as adjacent astroglial processes and the perisynaptic extracellular matrix. We outline opioid-induced modifications within each component of the tetrapartite synapse and provide a neurobiological perspective on how these adaptations converge to produce addiction-related behaviors in rodent models. By incorporating changes observed at each of the excitatory synaptic compartments into a unified framework of opioid-induced glutamate dysregulation, we highlight new avenues for restoring synaptic homeostasis that might limit opioid craving and relapse vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kruyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Vivian C Chioma
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Peter W Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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176
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Welsch L, Bailly J, Darcq E, Kieffer BL. The Negative Affect of Protracted Opioid Abstinence: Progress and Perspectives From Rodent Models. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:54-63. [PMID: 31521334 PMCID: PMC6898775 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is characterized by the development of a negative emotional state that develops after a history of long-term exposure to opioids. OUD represents a true challenge for treatment and relapse prevention. Human research has amply documented emotional disruption in individuals with an opioid substance use disorder, at both behavioral and brain activity levels; however, brain mechanisms underlying this particular facet of OUD are only partially understood. Animal research has been instrumental in elucidating genes and circuits that adapt to long-term opioid use or are modified by acute withdrawal, but research on long-term consequences of opioid exposure and their relevance to the negative affect of OUD remains scarce. In this article, we review the literature with a focus on two questions: 1) Do we have behavioral models in rodents, and what do they tell us? and 2) What do we know about the neuronal populations involved? Behavioral rodent models have successfully recapitulated behavioral signs of the OUD-related negative affect, and several neurotransmitter systems were identified (i.e., serotonin, dynorphin, corticotropin-releasing factor, oxytocin). Circuit mechanisms driving the negative mood of prolonged abstinence likely involve the 5 main reward-aversion brain centers (i.e., nucleus accumbens, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, amygdala, habenula, and raphe nucleus), all of which express mu opioid receptors and directly respond to opioids. Future work will identify the nature of these mu opioid receptor-expressing neurons throughout reward-aversion networks, characterize their adapted phenotype in opioid abstinent animals, and hopefully position these primary events in the broader picture of mu opioid receptor-associated brain aversion networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Welsch
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Bailly
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Darcq
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Lina Kieffer
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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177
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Timing of Morphine Administration Differentially Alters Paraventricular Thalamic Neuron Activity. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0377-19.2019. [PMID: 31801741 PMCID: PMC6920517 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0377-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) is a brain region involved in regulating arousal, goal-oriented behaviors, and drug seeking, all key factors playing a role in substance use disorder. Given this, we investigated the temporal effects of administering morphine, an opioid with strongly addictive properties, on PVT neuronal function in mice using acute brain slices. Here, we show that morphine administration and electrophysiological recordings that occur during periods of animal inactivity (light cycle) elicit increases in PVT neuronal function during a 24-h abstinence time point. Furthermore, we show that morphine-induced increases in PVT neuronal activity at 24-h abstinence are occluded when morphine administration and recordings are performed during an animals' active state (dark cycle). Based on our electrophysiological results combined with previous findings demonstrating that PVT neuronal activity regulates drug-seeking behaviors, we investigated whether timing morphine administration with periods of vigilance (dark cycle) would decrease drug-seeking behaviors in an animal model of substance use disorder. We found that context-induced morphine-seeking behaviors were intact regardless of the time morphine was administered (e.g., light cycle or dark cycle). Our electrophysiological results suggest that timing morphine with various states of arousal may impact the firing of PVT neurons during abstinence. Although, this may not impact context-induced drug-seeking behaviors.
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178
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Cell-Type- and Endocannabinoid-Specific Synapse Connectivity in the Adult Nucleus Accumbens Core. J Neurosci 2019; 40:1028-1041. [PMID: 31831522 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1100-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a mesocorticolimbic structure that integrates cognitive, emotional and motor functions. Although its role in psychiatric disorders is widely acknowledged, the understanding of its circuitry is not complete. Here, we combined optogenetic and whole-cell recordings to draw a functional portrait of excitatory disambiguated synapses onto D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the adult male mouse NAc core. Comparing synaptic properties of ventral hippocampus (vHipp), basolateral amygdala (BLA) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) inputs revealed a hierarchy of synaptic inputs that depends on the identity of the postsynaptic target MSN. Thus, the BLA is the dominant excitatory pathway onto D1 MSNs (BLA > PFC = vHipp) while PFC inputs dominate D2 MSNs (PFC > vHipp > BLA). We also tested the hypothesis that endocannabinoids endow excitatory circuits with pathway- and cell-specific plasticity. Thus, whereas CB1 receptors (CB1R) uniformly depress excitatory pathways regardless of MSNs identity, TRPV1 receptors (TRPV1R) bidirectionally control inputs onto the NAc core in a pathway-specific manner. Finally, we show that the interplay of TRPV1R/CB1R shapes plasticity at BLA-NAc synapses. Together these data shed new light on synapse and circuit specificity in the adult NAc core and illustrate how endocannabinoids contribute to pathway-specific synaptic plasticity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We examined the impact of connections from the ventral hippocampus (vHipp,) basolateral amygdala (BLA) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) onto identified medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the adult accumbens core. We found BLA inputs were strongest at D1 MSNs while PFC inputs dominate D2 MSNs. Pathway- and cell-specific circuit control was also facilitated by endocannabinoids that endow bidirectional synaptic plasticity at identified BLA-NAc synapses. These data provide mechanistic insights on synapse and circuit specificity in the adult NAc core.
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179
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µ-opioid receptor-mediated downregulation of midline thalamic pathways to basal and central amygdala. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17837. [PMID: 31780740 PMCID: PMC6882837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain µ-opioid receptors (MOR) mediate reward and help coping with pain, social rejection, anxiety and depression. The dorsal midline thalamus (dMT) integrates visceral/emotional signals and biases behavior towards aversive or defensive states through projections to the amygdala. While a dense MOR expression in the dMT has been described, the exact cellular and synaptic mechanisms of µ-opioidergic modulation in the dMT-amygdala circuitry remain unresolved. Here, we hypothesized that MORs are important negative modulators of dMT-amygdala excitatory networks. Using retrograde tracers and targeted channelrhodopsin expression in combination with patch-clamp electrophysiology, we found that projections of dMT neurons onto both basal amygdala principal neurons (BA PN) and central amygdala (CeL) neurons are attenuated by stimulation of somatic or synaptic MORs. Importantly, dMT efferents to the amygdala drive feedforward excitation of centromedial amygdala neurons (CeM), which is dampened by MOR activation. This downregulation of excitatory activity in dMT-amygdala networks puts the µ-opioid system in a position to ameliorate aversive or defensive behavioral states associated with stress, withdrawal, physical pain or social rejection.
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180
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Loureiro M, Achargui R, Flakowski J, Van Zessen R, Stefanelli T, Pascoli V, Lüscher C. Social transmission of food safety depends on synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex. Science 2019; 364:991-995. [PMID: 31171697 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw5842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
When an animal is facing unfamiliar food, its odor, together with semiochemicals emanating from a conspecific, can constitute a safety message and authorize intake. The piriform cortex (PiC) codes olfactory information, and the inactivation of neurons in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) can acutely trigger consumption. However, the neural circuit and cellular substrate of transition of olfactory perception into value-based actions remain elusive. We detected enhanced activity after social transmission between two mice in neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) that target the NAc and receive projections from the PiC. Exposure to a conspecific potentiated the excitatory postsynaptic currents in NAc projectors, whereas blocking transmission from PiC to mPFC prevented social transmission. Thus, synaptic plasticity in the mPFC is a cellular substrate of social transmission of food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Loureiro
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ridouane Achargui
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Flakowski
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ruud Van Zessen
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Stefanelli
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Pascoli
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Lüscher
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. .,Clinic of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospital, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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181
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Kato TM, Fujimori-Tonou N, Mizukami H, Ozawa K, Fujisawa S, Kato T. Presynaptic dysregulation of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus causes depression-like behavior. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16506. [PMID: 31712646 PMCID: PMC6848207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52984-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) is a part of epithalamus and sends outputs to emotion-related brain areas such as the medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala. Various functional roles of the PVT in emotion-related behaviors are drawing attention. Here, we investigated the effect of manipulation of PVT neurons on the firing patterns of medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) neurons and depression-like behavior. Extracellular single-unit recordings revealed that acute activation of PVT neurons by hM3Dq, an activation type of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs), and administration of clozapine N-oxide (CNO) caused firing rate changes in mPFC neurons. Moreover, chronic presynaptic inhibition in PVT neurons by tetanus toxin (TeTX) increased the proportion of interneurons among firing neurons in mPFC and shortened the immobility time in the forced swimming test, whereas long-term activation of PVT neurons by hM3Dq caused recurrent hypoactivity episodes. These findings suggest that PVT neurons regulate the excitation/inhibition balance in the mPFC and mood stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki M Kato
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Fundamental Cell Technology, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriko Fujimori-Tonou
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mizukami
- Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keiya Ozawa
- Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Fujisawa
- Laboratory for Systems Neurophysiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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182
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Neuromodulators and Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity in Learning and Memory: A Steered-Glutamatergic Perspective. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9110300. [PMID: 31683595 PMCID: PMC6896105 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9110300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathways underlying the induction and maintenance of long-term synaptic plasticity have been extensively investigated revealing various mechanisms by which neurons control their synaptic strength. The dynamic nature of neuronal connections combined with plasticity-mediated long-lasting structural and functional alterations provide valuable insights into neuronal encoding processes as molecular substrates of not only learning and memory but potentially other sensory, motor and behavioural functions that reflect previous experience. However, one key element receiving little attention in the study of synaptic plasticity is the role of neuromodulators, which are known to orchestrate neuronal activity on brain-wide, network and synaptic scales. We aim to review current evidence on the mechanisms by which certain modulators, namely dopamine, acetylcholine, noradrenaline and serotonin, control synaptic plasticity induction through corresponding metabotropic receptors in a pathway-specific manner. Lastly, we propose that neuromodulators control plasticity outcomes through steering glutamatergic transmission, thereby gating its induction and maintenance.
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183
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Alves PN, Foulon C, Karolis V, Bzdok D, Margulies DS, Volle E, Thiebaut de Schotten M. An improved neuroanatomical model of the default-mode network reconciles previous neuroimaging and neuropathological findings. Commun Biol 2019; 2:370. [PMID: 31633061 PMCID: PMC6787009 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is constituted of multiple networks of functionally correlated brain areas, out of which the default-mode network (DMN) is the largest. Most existing research into the DMN has taken a corticocentric approach. Despite its resemblance with the unitary model of the limbic system, the contribution of subcortical structures to the DMN may be underappreciated. Here, we propose a more comprehensive neuroanatomical model of the DMN including subcortical structures such as the basal forebrain, cholinergic nuclei, anterior and mediodorsal thalamic nuclei. Additionally, tractography of diffusion-weighted imaging was employed to explore the structural connectivity, which revealed that the thalamus and basal forebrain are of central importance for the functioning of the DMN. The contribution of these neurochemically diverse brain nuclei reconciles previous neuroimaging with neuropathological findings in diseased brains and offers the potential for identifying a conserved homologue of the DMN in other mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Nascimento Alves
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, BCBlab, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris, France
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHULN, Lisbon, Portugal
- Language Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Chris Foulon
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, BCBlab, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris, France
- Computational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX USA
| | - Vyacheslav Karolis
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, BCBlab, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris, France
- FMRIB centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- INRIA, Parietal Team, Saclay, France
- Neurospin, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniel S. Margulies
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, BCBlab, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Volle
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, BCBlab, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris, France
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, BCBlab, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris, France
- Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche CENIR, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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184
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Hypothalamic neuronal circuits regulating hunger-induced taste modification. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4560. [PMID: 31594935 PMCID: PMC6783447 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The gustatory system plays a critical role in sensing appetitive and aversive taste stimuli for evaluating food quality. Although taste preference is known to change depending on internal states such as hunger, a mechanistic insight remains unclear. Here, we examine the neuronal mechanisms regulating hunger-induced taste modification. Starved mice exhibit an increased preference for sweetness and tolerance for aversive taste. This hunger-induced taste modification is recapitulated by selective activation of orexigenic Agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus projecting to the lateral hypothalamus, but not to other regions. Glutamatergic, but not GABAergic, neurons in the lateral hypothalamus function as downstream neurons of AgRP neurons. Importantly, these neurons play a key role in modulating preferences for both appetitive and aversive tastes by using distinct pathways projecting to the lateral septum or the lateral habenula, respectively. Our results suggest that these hypothalamic circuits would be important for optimizing feeding behavior under fasting. Hunger modulates perception of good and bad tastes. Here, the authors report that orexigenic AgRP neurons in the hypothalamus mediate these effects through glutamatergic lateral hypothalamic neurons that send distinct projections to the lateral septum and lateral habenula.
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185
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Abstract
The gustatory system plays a critical role in sensing appetitive and aversive taste stimuli for evaluating food quality. Although taste preference is known to change depending on internal states such as hunger, a mechanistic insight remains unclear. Here, we examine the neuronal mechanisms regulating hunger-induced taste modification. Starved mice exhibit an increased preference for sweetness and tolerance for aversive taste. This hunger-induced taste modification is recapitulated by selective activation of orexigenic Agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus projecting to the lateral hypothalamus, but not to other regions. Glutamatergic, but not GABAergic, neurons in the lateral hypothalamus function as downstream neurons of AgRP neurons. Importantly, these neurons play a key role in modulating preferences for both appetitive and aversive tastes by using distinct pathways projecting to the lateral septum or the lateral habenula, respectively. Our results suggest that these hypothalamic circuits would be important for optimizing feeding behavior under fasting.
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186
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Zhang R, Volkow ND. Brain default-mode network dysfunction in addiction. Neuroimage 2019; 200:313-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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187
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Campus P, Covelo IR, Kim Y, Parsegian A, Kuhn BN, Lopez SA, Neumaier JF, Ferguson SM, Solberg Woods LC, Sarter M, Flagel SB. The paraventricular thalamus is a critical mediator of top-down control of cue-motivated behavior in rats. eLife 2019; 8:e49041. [PMID: 31502538 PMCID: PMC6739869 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cues in the environment can elicit complex emotional states, and thereby maladaptive behavior, as a function of their ascribed value. Here we capture individual variation in the propensity to attribute motivational value to reward-cues using the sign-tracker/goal-tracker animal model. Goal-trackers attribute predictive value to reward-cues, and sign-trackers attribute both predictive and incentive value. Using chemogenetics and microdialysis, we show that, in sign-trackers, stimulation of the neuronal pathway from the prelimbic cortex (PrL) to the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) decreases the incentive value of a reward-cue. In contrast, in goal-trackers, inhibition of the PrL-PVT pathway increases both the incentive value and dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens shell. The PrL-PVT pathway, therefore, exerts top-down control over the dopamine-dependent process of incentive salience attribution. These results highlight PrL-PVT pathway as a potential target for treating psychopathologies associated with the attribution of excessive incentive value to reward-cues, including addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Campus
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Ignacio R Covelo
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Aram Parsegian
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Brittany N Kuhn
- Neuroscience Graduate ProgramUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Sofia A Lopez
- Neuroscience Graduate ProgramUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - John F Neumaier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Susan M Ferguson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Leah C Solberg Woods
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemUnited States
| | - Martin Sarter
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Neuroscience Graduate ProgramUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Shelly B Flagel
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
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188
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Madayag AC, Gomez D, Anderson EM, Ingebretson AE, Thomas MJ, Hearing MC. Cell-type and region-specific nucleus accumbens AMPAR plasticity associated with morphine reward, reinstatement, and spontaneous withdrawal. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2311-2324. [PMID: 31201496 PMCID: PMC6698404 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence that morphine-related pathologies reflect adaptations in NAc glutamate signaling, substantial gaps in basic information remain. The current study examines the impact of non-contingent acute, repeated, and withdrawal-inducing morphine dosing regimens on glutamate transmission in D1- or D2-MSNs in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) and core (NAcC) sub-regions in hopes of identifying excitatory plasticity that may contribute to unique facets of opioid addiction-related behavior. Following an acute morphine injection (10 mg/kg), average miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) amplitude mediated by AMPA-type glutamate receptors was increased at D1-MSNs in the both the NAcShl and NAcC, whereas only the frequency of events was elevated at D2-MSNs in the NAcSh. In contrast, spontaneous somatic withdrawal induced by escalating dose of repeated morphine twice per day (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 mg/kg) enhanced mEPSC frequency specifically at D2-MSNs in the NAcSh. Similar to previous findings, excitatory drive was elevated at NAcSh D1-MSNs after 10-14 days home cage abstinence. Following abstinence, an acute drug re-exposure produced a rapid and enduring endocytosis of GluA2-containing AMPARs at D1-MSNs in the shell, that when blocked by an intra-NAc shell infusion of the Tat-GluA23Y peptide, increased reinstatement of morphine place preference-a phenomenon distinctly different than effects previously found with cocaine. The present study is the first to directly identify unique circuit specific adaptations in NAc glutamate synaptic transmission associated with morphine-related acute reward and somatic withdrawal as well as post-abstinence short-term plasticity. Moreover, while differing classes of abused drugs (i.e., psychostimulants and opioids) produce seemingly similar bidirectional plasticity in the NAc following drug re-exposure, our findings indicate this plasticity has distinct behavioral consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aric C Madayag
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Devan Gomez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Eden M Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Anna E Ingebretson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Mark J Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Matthew C Hearing
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
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189
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Abstract
The striatum is essential for learning which actions lead to reward and for implementing those actions. Decades of experimental and theoretical work have led to several influential theories and hypotheses about how the striatal circuit mediates these functions. However, owing to technical limitations, testing these hypotheses rigorously has been difficult. In this Review, we briefly describe some of the classic ideas of striatal function. We then review recent studies in rodents that take advantage of optical and genetic methods to test these classic ideas by recording and manipulating identified cell types within the circuit. This new body of work has provided experimental support of some longstanding ideas about the striatal circuit and has uncovered critical aspects of the classic view that are incorrect or incomplete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Cox
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Ilana B Witten
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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190
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Locus coeruleus-CA1 projections are involved in chronic depressive stress-induced hippocampal vulnerability to transient global ischaemia. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2942. [PMID: 31270312 PMCID: PMC6610150 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and transient ischaemic attack represent the common psychological and neurological diseases, respectively, and are tightly associated. However, studies of depression-affected ischaemic attack have been limited to epidemiological evidences, and the neural circuits underlying depression-modulated ischaemic injury remain unknown. Here, we find that chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) and chronic footshock stress (CFS) exacerbate CA1 neuron loss and spatial learning/memory impairment after a short transient global ischaemia (TGI) attack in mice. Whole-brain mapping of direct outputs of locus coeruleus (LC)-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, Th:) positive neurons reveals that LC-CA1 projections are decreased in CSDS or CFS mice. Furthermore, using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs)-based chemogenetic tools, we determine that Th:LC-CA1 circuit is necessary and sufficient for depression-induced aggravated outcomes of TGI. Collectively, we suggest that Th:LC-CA1 pathway plays a crucial role in depression-induced TGI vulnerability and offers a potential intervention for preventing depression-related transient ischaemic attack.
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191
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Demiral ŞB, Tomasi D, Wiers CE, Manza P, Shokri-Kojori E, Studentsova Y, Wang GJ, Volkow ND. Methylphenidate's effects on thalamic metabolism and functional connectivity in cannabis abusers and healthy controls. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1389-1397. [PMID: 30504928 PMCID: PMC6785138 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) is a first line treatment for ADHD and is also misused as a purported cognitive enhancer, yet its effects on brain function are still poorly understood. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies showed that MPH altered cortico-striatal resting functional connectivity (RFC). Here we investigated the effects of MPH in thalamic connectivity since the thalamus modulates striato-cortical signaling. We hypothesized that MPH would increase thalamic connectivity and metabolism, and that this response would be blunted in cannabis abusers. For this purpose, we measured RFC in seven thalamic nuclei using fMRI and brain glucose metabolism using positron emission tomography (PET) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in sixteen healthy controls and thirteen participants with cannabis use disorder (CUD) twice after placebo and after MPH (0.5 mg/kg, iv). MPH significantly increased thalamo-cerebellar connectivity and cerebellar metabolism to the same extent in both groups. Group comparisons revealed that in CUD compared to controls, metabolism in nucleus accumbens was lower for the placebo and MPH measures, that MPH-induced increases in thalamic metabolism were blunted, and that enhanced negative connectivity between thalamus and accumbens in CUD was normalized by MPH (reducing negative connectivity). Our findings identify the thalamus as a target of MPH, which increased its metabolism and connectivity. The reduced metabolism in nucleus accumbens and the disrupted thalamo-accumbens connectivity (enhanced negative connectivity) in CUD is consistent with impaired reactivity of the brain reward's circuit. MPH's normalization of thalamo-accumbens connectivity (reduced negative connectivity) brings forth its potential therapeutic value in CUD, which merits investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şükrü Barış Demiral
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Behavioral Biology Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Corinde E. Wiers
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Peter Manza
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Ehsan Shokri-Kojori
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Yana Studentsova
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA ,0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dNational Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
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192
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Ingusci S, Verlengia G, Soukupova M, Zucchini S, Simonato M. Gene Therapy Tools for Brain Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:724. [PMID: 31312139 PMCID: PMC6613496 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders affecting the central nervous system (CNS) are still incompletely understood. Many of these disorders lack a cure and are seeking more specific and effective treatments. In fact, in spite of advancements in knowledge of the CNS function, the treatment of neurological disorders with modern medical and surgical approaches remains difficult for many reasons, such as the complexity of the CNS, the limited regenerative capacity of the tissue, and the difficulty in conveying conventional drugs to the organ due to the blood-brain barrier. Gene therapy, allowing the delivery of genetic materials that encodes potential therapeutic molecules, represents an attractive option. Gene therapy can result in a stable or inducible expression of transgene(s), and can allow a nearly specific expression in target cells. In this review, we will discuss the most commonly used tools for the delivery of genetic material in the CNS, including viral and non-viral vectors; their main applications; their advantages and disadvantages. We will discuss mechanisms of genetic regulation through cell-specific and inducible promoters, which allow to express gene products only in specific cells and to control their transcriptional activation. In addition, we will describe the applications to CNS diseases of post-transcriptional regulation systems (RNA interference); of systems allowing spatial or temporal control of expression [optogenetics and Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs)]; and of gene editing technologies (CRISPR/Cas9, Zinc finger proteins). Particular attention will be reserved to viral vectors derived from herpes simplex type 1, a potential tool for the delivery and expression of multiple transgene cassettes simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Ingusci
- Department of Medical Sciences and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Verlengia
- Department of Medical Sciences and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marie Soukupova
- Department of Medical Sciences and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Zucchini
- Department of Medical Sciences and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Technopole of Ferrara, LTTA Laboratory for Advanced Therapies, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Simonato
- Department of Medical Sciences and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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193
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Xia X, Fan L, Cheng C, Yao R, Deng H, Zhao D, Li H, Jiang T. Interspecies Differences in the Connectivity of Ventral Striatal Components Between Humans and Macaques. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:623. [PMID: 31258468 PMCID: PMC6587664 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the evolutionarily conserved functions of the ventral striatal components have been used as a priori knowledge for further study, whether these functions are conserved between species remains unclear. In particular, whether macroscopic connectivity supports this given the disproportionate volumetric differences between species in the brain regions that project to the ventral striatum, including the prefrontal and limbic areas, has not been established In this study, the human and macaque striatum was first tractographically parcellated to define the ventral striatum and its two subregions, the nucleus accumbens (Acb)-like and the neurochemically unique domains of the Acb and putamen (NUDAPs)-like divisions. Our results revealed a similar topographical distribution of the connectivity-based ventral striatal components in the two primate brains. Successively, a set of targets was extracted to construct a connectivity fingerprint to characterize these parcellation results, enabling cross-species comparisons. Our results indicated that the connectivity fingerprints of the ventral striatum-like divisions were dissimilar in the two species. We localized this difference to specific targets to analyze possible interspecies functional modifications. Our results also revealed interspecies-convergent connectivity ratio fingerprints of the target group to these two ventral striatum-like subregions. This convergence may suggest synchronous connectional changes of these ventral striatal components during primate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoluan Xia
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingzhong Fan
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Yao
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - HongXia Deng
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dongqin Zhao
- Experimental Teaching Center, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haifang Li
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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194
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Otis JM, Zhu M, Namboodiri VMK, Cook CA, Kosyk O, Matan AM, Ying R, Hashikawa Y, Hashikawa K, Trujillo-Pisanty I, Guo J, Ung RL, Rodriguez-Romaguera J, Anton ES, Stuber GD. Paraventricular Thalamus Projection Neurons Integrate Cortical and Hypothalamic Signals for Cue-Reward Processing. Neuron 2019; 103:423-431.e4. [PMID: 31196673 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The paraventricular thalamus (PVT) is an interface for brain reward circuits, with input signals arising from structures, such as prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus, that are broadcast to downstream limbic targets. However, the precise synaptic connectivity, activity, and function of PVT circuitry for reward processing are unclear. Here, using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging, we find that PVT neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens (PVT-NAc) develop inhibitory responses to reward-predictive cues coding for both cue-reward associative information and behavior. The multiplexed activity in PVT-NAc neurons is directed by opposing activity patterns in prefrontal and lateral hypothalamic afferent axons. Further, we find that prefrontal cue encoding may maintain accurate cue-reward processing, as optogenetic disruption of this encoding induced long-lasting effects on downstream PVT-NAc cue responses and behavioral cue discrimination. Together, these data reveal that PVT-NAc neurons act as an interface for reward processing by integrating relevant inputs to accurately inform reward-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Otis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - ManHua Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Vijay M K Namboodiri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cory A Cook
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Oksana Kosyk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ana M Matan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rose Ying
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yoshiko Hashikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Koichi Hashikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ivan Trujillo-Pisanty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jiami Guo
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Randall L Ung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jose Rodriguez-Romaguera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - E S Anton
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Garret D Stuber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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195
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt M Fraser
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Patricia H Janak
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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196
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Dong G, Wang L, Du X, Potenza MN. Gender-related differences in neural responses to gaming cues before and after gaming: implications for gender-specific vulnerabilities to Internet gaming disorder. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 13:1203-1214. [PMID: 30272247 PMCID: PMC6234325 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds More males than females play video games and develop problems with gaming. However, little is known regarding how males and females who game on the Internet may differ with respect to neural responses to gaming cues. Methods Behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were recorded from 40 female and 68 male Internet gamers. This study included three components including participation in a pre-gaming cue-craving task, 30 min of online gaming and a post-gaming cue-elicited-craving task. Group differences were examined at pre-gaming, post-gaming and post- vs pre-gaming times. Correlations between brain responses and behavioral performance were calculated. Results Gaming-related cues elicited higher cravings in male vs female subjects. Prior to gaming, males demonstrated greater activations in the striatum, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), inferior frontal cortex and bilateral declive. Following gaming, male subjects demonstrated greater activations in the medial frontal gyrus and bilateral middle temporal gyri. In a post–pre comparison, male subjects demonstrated greater thalamic activation than did female subjects. Conclusions Short-term gaming elicited in males vs females more craving-related activations to gaming cues. These results suggest neural mechanisms for why males may be more vulnerable than females in developing Internet gaming disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangheng Dong
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Child Study Center, and National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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197
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Wang X, Chou X, Peng B, Shen L, Huang JJ, Zhang LI, Tao HW. A cross-modality enhancement of defensive flight via parvalbumin neurons in zona incerta. eLife 2019; 8:42728. [PMID: 30985276 PMCID: PMC6486150 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to adjust defensive behavior is critical for animal survival in dynamic environments. However, neural circuits underlying the modulation of innate defensive behavior remain not well-understood. In particular, environmental threats are commonly associated with cues of multiple sensory modalities. It remains to be investigated how these modalities interact to shape defensive behavior. In this study, we report that auditory-induced defensive flight behavior can be facilitated by somatosensory input in mice. This cross-modality modulation of defensive behavior is mediated by the projection from the primary somatosensory cortex (SSp) to the ventral sector of zona incerta (ZIv). Parvalbumin (PV)-positive neurons in ZIv, receiving direct input from SSp, mediate the enhancement of the flight behavior via their projections to the medial posterior complex of thalamus (POm). Thus, defensive flight can be enhanced in a somatosensory context-dependent manner via recruiting PV neurons in ZIv, which may be important for increasing survival of prey animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Wang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Xiaolin Chou
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Bo Peng
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Li Shen
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Junxiang J Huang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States.,Graduate Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Li I Zhang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Huizhong W Tao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
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198
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Zhou J, Wu B, Lin X, Dai Y, Li T, Zheng W, Guo W, Vakal S, Chen X, Chen JF. Accumbal Adenosine A 2A Receptors Enhance Cognitive Flexibility by Facilitating Strategy Shifting. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:130. [PMID: 31031594 PMCID: PMC6470273 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The deficits of cognitive flexibility (including attentional set-shifting and reversal learning) concomitant with dysfunction of the striatum are observed in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Rodent and human studies have identified the striatum [particularly the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and nucleus accumbens (NAc)] as the critical locus for control of cognitive flexibility, but the effective neuromodulator and pharmacological control of cognitive flexibility remains to be determined. The adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) are highly enriched in the striatopallidal neurons where they integrate dopamine and glutamate signals to modulate several cognitive behaviors, but their contribution to cognitive flexibility control is unclear. In this study, by coupling an automated operant cognitive flexibility task with striatal subregional knockdown (KD) of the A2AR via the Cre-loxP strategy, we demonstrated that NAc A2AR KD improved cognitive flexibility with enhanced attentional set-shifting and reversal learning by decreasing regressive and perseverative errors, respectively. This facilitation was not attributed to mnemonic process or motor activity as NAc A2AR KD did not affect the visual discrimination, lever-pressing acquisition, and locomotor activity, but was associated with increased attention and motivation as evident by the progressive ratio test (PRT). In contrast to NAc A2ARs, DMS A2ARs KD neither affected visual discrimination nor improved set-shifting nor reversal learning, but promoted the effort-related motivation. Thus, NAc and DMS A2ARs exert dissociable controls of cognitive flexibility with NAc A2ARs KD selectively enhancing cognitive flexibility by facilitating strategy shifting with increased motivation/attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Zhou
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Beibei Wu
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangxiang Lin
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Dai
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wu Zheng
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sergii Vakal
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingjun Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
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199
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200
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Kim J, Lee S, Fang YY, Shin A, Park S, Hashikawa K, Bhat S, Kim D, Sohn JW, Lin D, Suh GSB. Rapid, biphasic CRF neuronal responses encode positive and negative valence. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:576-585. [PMID: 30833699 PMCID: PMC6668342 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) that is released from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is essential for mediating stress response by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. CRF-releasing PVN neurons receive inputs from multiple brain regions that convey stressful events, but their neuronal dynamics on the timescale of behavior remain unknown. Here, our recordings of PVN CRF neuronal activity in freely behaving mice revealed that CRF neurons are activated immediately by a range of aversive stimuli. By contrast, CRF neuronal activity starts to drop within a second of exposure to appetitive stimuli. Optogenetic activation or inhibition of PVN CRF neurons was sufficient to induce a conditioned place aversion (CPA) or preference (CPP), respectively. Furthermore, CPA or CPP induced by natural stimuli was significantly decreased by manipulating PVN CRF neuronal activity. Together, these findings suggest that the rapid, biphasic responses of PVN CRF neurons encode the positive and negative valences of stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jineun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongju Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Ya Fang
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seahyung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Koichi Hashikawa
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shreelatha Bhat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayu Lin
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Greg S B Suh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. .,Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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