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Battaglin F, Naseem M, Puccini A, Lenz HJ. Molecular biomarkers in gastro-esophageal cancer: recent developments, current trends and future directions. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:99. [PMID: 30008616 PMCID: PMC6042434 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastro-esophageal adenocarcinomas (GEA) represent a severe global health burden and despite improvements in the multimodality treatment of these malignancies the prognosis of patients remains poor. HER2 overexpression/amplification has been the first predictive biomarker approved in clinical practice to guide patient selection for targeted treatment with trastuzumab in advanced gastric and gastro-esophageal junction cancers. More recently, immunotherapy has been approved for the treatment of GEA and PD-L1 expression is now a biomarker required for the administration of pembrolizumab in these diseases. Significant progress has been made in recent years in dissecting the genomic makeup of GEA in order to identify distinct molecular subtypes linked to distinct patterns of molecular alterations. GEA have been found to be highly heterogeneous malignances, representing a challenge for biomarkers discovery and targeted treatment development. The current review focuses on an overview of established and novel promising biomarkers in GEA, covering recent molecular classifications from TCGA and ACRG. Main elements of molecular heterogeneity are discussed, as well as emerging mechanisms of primary and secondary resistance to HER2 targeted treatment and recent biomarker-driven trials. Future perspectives on the role of epigenetics, miRNA/lncRNA and liquid biopsy, and patient-derived xenograft models as a new platform for molecular-targeted drug discovery in GEA are presented. Our knowledge on the genomic landscape of GEA continues to evolve, uncovering the high heterogeneity and deep complexity of these tumors. The availability of new technologies and the identification of promising novel biomarker will be critical to optimize targeted treatment development in a setting where therapeutic options are currently lacking. Nevertheless, clinical validation of novel biomarkers and treatment strategies still represents an issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Battaglin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 5410, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Madiha Naseem
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 5410, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Alberto Puccini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 5410, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
- Oncologia Medica 1, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 5410, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
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152
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Shu Y, Zhang W, Hou Q, Zhao L, Zhang S, Zhou J, Song X, Zhang Y, Jiang D, Chen X, Wang P, Xia X, Liao F, Yin D, Chen X, Zhou X, Zhang D, Yin S, Yang K, Liu J, Fu L, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhang J, An Y, Cheng H, Zheng B, Sun H, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Xie D, Ouyang L, Wang P, Zhang W, Qiu M, Fu X, Dai L, He G, Yang H, Cheng W, Yang L, Liu B, Li W, Dong B, Zhou Z, Wei Y, Peng Y, Xu H, Hu J. Prognostic significance of frequent CLDN18-ARHGAP26/6 fusion in gastric signet-ring cell cancer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2447. [PMID: 29961079 PMCID: PMC6026495 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) has specific epidemiology and oncogenesis in gastric cancer, however, with no systematical investigation for prognostic genomic features. Here we report a systematic investigation conducted in 1868 Chinese gastric cancer patients indicating that signet-ring cells content was related to multiple clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes. We thus perform whole-genome sequencing on 32 pairs of SRC samples, and identify frequent CLDN18-ARHGAP26/6 fusion (25%). With 797 additional patients for validation, prevalence of CLDN18-ARHGAP26/6 fusion is noticed to be associated with signet-ring cell content, age at diagnosis, female/male ratio, and TNM stage. Importantly, patients with CLDN18-ARHGAP26/6 fusion have worse survival outcomes, and get no benefit from oxaliplatin/fluoropyrimidines-based chemotherapy, which is consistent with the fact of chemo-drug resistance acquired in CLDN18-ARHGAP26 introduced cell lines. Overall, this study provides insights into the clinical and genomic features of SRCC, and highlights the importance of frequent CLDN18-ARHGAP26/6 fusions in chemotherapy response for SRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Precision Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weihan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianqian Hou
- Precision Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linyong Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shouyue Zhang
- Precision Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiankang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohai Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinzu Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuyang Xia
- Precision Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Liao
- Precision Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dandan Yin
- Precision Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Precision Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Duyu Zhang
- Precision Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Senlin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Leilei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuelan Wang
- Precision Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junlong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunfei An
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Cheng
- WuxiNextCODE, 200131, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- WuxiNextCODE, 200131, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yinglan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Xie
- Precision Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Qiu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanshuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Biao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zongguang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Heng Xu
- Precision Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jiankun Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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153
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Jung SH, Kim SY, An CH, Lee SH, Jung ES, Park HC, Kim MS, Chung YJ, Lee SH. Clonal Structures of Regionally Synchronous Gastric Adenomas and Carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:4715-4725. [PMID: 29945994 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Gastric adenoma (GA) is a premalignant lesion that precedes intestinal-type gastric carcinoma (GC). However, genetic progression mechanisms from GA to GC have not been clarified.Experimental Design: We performed whole-exome sequencing-based mutational analyses for 15 synchronous pairs of attached GAs and GCs.Results: There was no significant difference in the number of driver mutations or copy-number alterations between GAs and GCs. Well-known mutations of TP53, APC, RNF43, and RPL22 were recurrently detected in synchronous GA/GC pairs. In addition, we discovered novel KDM6A, PREX2, FAT1, KMT2C, GLI3, and RPL22 mutations and hypermutation in GAs, but did not identify recurrent drivers for GA-to-GC progression. Clonal structure analyses revealed that most GA/GC pairs exhibit parallel evolution with early divergence rather than stepwise evolution during GA-to-GC progression. Of note, three cases were identified as clonally nonrelated GA/GC pairs despite the lack of histologic differences. We found differences in dominant mutational signatures 1, 6, 15, and 17 in GA/GC trunks, GA branches, and GC branches. Compared with our previous work on synchronous colon adenoma/carcinoma genome structures, where most drivers were in the trunk with parallel evolution, synchronous GA/GC genomes showed a different model of parallel evolution, with many drivers in the branches.Conclusions: The preferred sequence of mutational events during GA-to-GC progression might be more context-dependent than colon adenoma progression. Our results show that nonclonal synchronous GA/GC is common and that GA genomes have already acquired distinct genomic alterations, suggesting caution in the diagnosis of synchronous GA and GC, especially in residual or recurrent cases. Clin Cancer Res; 24(19); 4715-25. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Jung
- Department of Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Young Kim
- Department of Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyeok An
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hak Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sun Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Chun Park
- Department of Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- Department of Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Department of Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Department of Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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154
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Alimbetov D, Askarova S, Umbayev B, Davis T, Kipling D. Pharmacological Targeting of Cell Cycle, Apoptotic and Cell Adhesion Signaling Pathways Implicated in Chemoresistance of Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061690. [PMID: 29882812 PMCID: PMC6032165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs target a physiological differentiating feature of cancer cells as they tend to actively proliferate more than normal cells. They have well-known side-effects resulting from the death of highly proliferative normal cells in the gut and immune system. Cancer treatment has changed dramatically over the years owing to rapid advances in oncology research. Developments in cancer therapies, namely surgery, radiotherapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy and selective treatment methods due to better understanding of tumor characteristics, have significantly increased cancer survival. However, many chemotherapeutic regimes still fail, with 90% of the drug failures in metastatic cancer treatment due to chemoresistance, as cancer cells eventually develop resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Chemoresistance is caused through genetic mutations in various proteins involved in cellular mechanisms such as cell cycle, apoptosis and cell adhesion, and targeting those mechanisms could improve outcomes of cancer therapy. Recent developments in cancer treatment are focused on combination therapy, whereby cells are sensitized to chemotherapeutic agents using inhibitors of target pathways inducing chemoresistance thus, hopefully, overcoming the problems of drug resistance. In this review, we discuss the role of cell cycle, apoptosis and cell adhesion in cancer chemoresistance mechanisms, possible drugs to target these pathways and, thus, novel therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dauren Alimbetov
- Laboratory of bioengineering and regenerative medicine, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Z05H0P9 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Sholpan Askarova
- Laboratory of bioengineering and regenerative medicine, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Z05H0P9 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Bauyrzhan Umbayev
- Laboratory of bioengineering and regenerative medicine, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Z05H0P9 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Terence Davis
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - David Kipling
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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155
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Sun H, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Chen J, Han X, Huang D, Ren X, Jia Y, Fan Q, Tian W, Zhao Y. Aberrant methylation of FAT4 and SOX11 in peripheral blood leukocytes and their association with gastric cancer risk. J Cancer 2018; 9:2275-2283. [PMID: 30026822 PMCID: PMC6036714 DOI: 10.7150/jca.24797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Aberrant DNA methylation, especially tumor suppressor gene hypermethylation, is a well-recognized biomarker of initial tumorogenesis stages. FAT4 and SOX11 are putative tumor suppressor genes and can be down-regulated by hypermethylation in various cancers tissues. However, in peripheral blood leukocytes, the association between these two genes methylation status, as well as the effects of gene-environment interactions, and gastric cancer (GC) risk remain unclear. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study including 375 cases and 394 controls was conducted. Peripheral blood leukocytes DNA methylation status were detected by methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) assay. Logistic regression was adopted to analyze the relationship of FAT4 and SOX11 methylation with GC susceptibility. Results: Positive methylation (Pm) and total positive methylation (Tpm) of FAT4 were significantly increased the risk of GC (OR = 2.204, 95% CI: 1.168-4.159, P = 0.015; OR = 1.583, 95% CI: 1.031-2.430, P = 0.036, respectively). Compared with controls, cases exhibited higher SOX11 Pm frequencies with OR of 2.530 (95% CI: 1.289-4.969, P = 0.007). Nonetheless, no statistically significant association between SOX11 Tpm and GC risk was observed. Additionally, interactions between FAT4 Tpm and increased consumption of freshwater fish (≥1 times/week) displayed an antagonistic effect on GC (OR = 0.328, 95% CI: 0.142-0.762, P = 0.009), and high salt intake interacted with SOX11 Tpm also showed statistically significant (OR = 0.490, 95% CI: 0.242-0.995, P = 0.048). Conclusions:FAT4 aberrant methylation in peripheral blood leukocytes and gene-environment interactions were associated with the risk of GC, while SOX11 was controversial and needed to be more investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiyun Ren
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yunhe Jia
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, The third affiliated hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Qing Fan
- Xiangfang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yashuang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
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156
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Qiu YS, Liao GJ, Jiang NN. REG3A overexpression suppresses gastric cancer cell invasion, proliferation and promotes apoptosis through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:3167-3174. [PMID: 29512686 PMCID: PMC5881806 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. In recent years some essential factors for resolution were identified, but the clinical trials still lack the effective methods to treat or monitor the disease progression. Regenerating islet-derived 3α (REG3A) is a member of REG protein family. Previous studies have investigated the altered expression of REG3A in various cancers. In this investigtion we aimed at the biological function and the underlying molecular mechanism of REG3A in GC. We found that REG3A was significantly downregulated in GC and closely related with patient prognoses. REG3A overexpression suppressed the invasion and proliferation promoting apoptosis of GC cells. While REG3A knockdown promoted the invasion, and proliferation suppressing apoptosis of GC cells. It was further found that REG3A performed its biological functions mainly through phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt-GSK3β signaling pathway axis. REG3A may be a promising therapeutic strategy for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guang-Jun Liao
- Department of Bone Tumor, Yantai Shan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Ning-Ning Jiang
- Department of Bone Tumor, Yantai Shan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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157
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De Mello RA, Castelo-Branco L, Castelo-Branco P, Pozza DH, Vermeulen L, Palacio S, Salzberg M, Lockhart AC. What Will We Expect From Novel Therapies to Esophageal and Gastric Malignancies? Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2018; 38:249-261. [PMID: 30231398 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_198805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer and gastric cancer are aggressive diseases for which treatment approaches are facing a new era. Some molecular pathways, such as VEGF, EGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor, PIK3CA, and PARP-1, have been studied, and novel targeted drugs are presumed to be developed in the near future. From The Cancer Genome Atlas report, 80% of Epstein-Barr virus tumors and 42% of tumors with microsatellite instability have PIK3CA mutations, suggesting that this pathway could be reevaluated as a possible target for new systemic treatment of gastric cancer. Notably, higher PARP-1 expression can be found in gastric cancer, which might be related to more advanced disease and worse prognosis. In addition, PD-L1 expression, high microsatellite instability, and mismatch repair deficiency can be found in gastric cancer, thus suggesting that immunotherapy may also play a role in those patients. We discuss trends related to the potential of novel therapies for patients with esophageal and gastric cancers in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Andrade De Mello
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, Campus Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Research Centre, Division of Medical Oncology, Hospital São Mateus, NOHC Clinic, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Algarve Hospital and University Center, Department of Oncology, Faro, Portugal; Portuguese Public Health School, Nova University, Lisbon, Portugal; Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and the Division of Medical Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Luis Castelo-Branco
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, Campus Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Research Centre, Division of Medical Oncology, Hospital São Mateus, NOHC Clinic, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Algarve Hospital and University Center, Department of Oncology, Faro, Portugal; Portuguese Public Health School, Nova University, Lisbon, Portugal; Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and the Division of Medical Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, Campus Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Research Centre, Division of Medical Oncology, Hospital São Mateus, NOHC Clinic, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Algarve Hospital and University Center, Department of Oncology, Faro, Portugal; Portuguese Public Health School, Nova University, Lisbon, Portugal; Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and the Division of Medical Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Daniel Humberto Pozza
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, Campus Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Research Centre, Division of Medical Oncology, Hospital São Mateus, NOHC Clinic, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Algarve Hospital and University Center, Department of Oncology, Faro, Portugal; Portuguese Public Health School, Nova University, Lisbon, Portugal; Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and the Division of Medical Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, Campus Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Research Centre, Division of Medical Oncology, Hospital São Mateus, NOHC Clinic, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Algarve Hospital and University Center, Department of Oncology, Faro, Portugal; Portuguese Public Health School, Nova University, Lisbon, Portugal; Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and the Division of Medical Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Sofia Palacio
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, Campus Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Research Centre, Division of Medical Oncology, Hospital São Mateus, NOHC Clinic, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Algarve Hospital and University Center, Department of Oncology, Faro, Portugal; Portuguese Public Health School, Nova University, Lisbon, Portugal; Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and the Division of Medical Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Matthew Salzberg
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, Campus Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Research Centre, Division of Medical Oncology, Hospital São Mateus, NOHC Clinic, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Algarve Hospital and University Center, Department of Oncology, Faro, Portugal; Portuguese Public Health School, Nova University, Lisbon, Portugal; Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and the Division of Medical Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - A Craig Lockhart
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center, Campus Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Research Centre, Division of Medical Oncology, Hospital São Mateus, NOHC Clinic, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Algarve Hospital and University Center, Department of Oncology, Faro, Portugal; Portuguese Public Health School, Nova University, Lisbon, Portugal; Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and the Division of Medical Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
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158
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Chivu-Economescu M, Matei L, Necula LG, Dragu DL, Bleotu C, Diaconu CC. New therapeutic options opened by the molecular classification of gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:1942-1961. [PMID: 29760539 PMCID: PMC5949709 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i18.1942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most lethal and aggressive cancers, being the third cause of cancer related death worldwide. Even with radical gastrectomy and the latest generation of molecular chemotherapeutics, the numbers of recurrence and mortality remains high. This is due to its biological heterogeneity based on the interaction between multiple factors, from genomic to environmental factors, diet or infections with various pathogens. Therefore, understanding the molecular characteristics at a genomic level is critical to develop new treatment strategies. Recent advances in GC molecular classification provide the unique opportunity to improve GC therapy by exploiting the biomarkers and developing novel targeted therapy specific to each subtype. This article highlights the molecular characteristics of each subtype of gastric cancer that could be considered in shaping a therapeutic decision, and also presents the completed and ongoing clinical trials addressed to those targets. The implementation of the novel molecular classification system will allow a preliminary patient selection for clinical trials, a mandatory issue if it is desired to test the efficacy of a certain inhibitor to the given target. This will represent a substantial advance as well as a powerful tool for targeted therapy. Nevertheless, translating the scientific results into new personalized treatment opportunities is needed in order to improve clinical care, the survival and quality of life of patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Chivu-Economescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Lilia Matei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Laura G Necula
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
- Nicolae Cajal Institute, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest 040441, Romania
| | - Denisa L Dragu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Carmen C Diaconu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
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159
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Oliveira DM, Laudanna C, Migliozzi S, Zoppoli P, Santamaria G, Grillone K, Elia L, Mignogna C, Biamonte F, Sacco R, Corcione F, Viglietto G, Malanga D, Rizzuto A. Identification of different mutational profiles in cancers arising in specific colon segments by next generation sequencing. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23960-23974. [PMID: 29844865 PMCID: PMC5963617 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the mutational profiles of cancers arising in different colon segments. To this aim, we have analyzed 37 colon cancer samples by use of the Ion AmpliSeq™ Comprehensive Cancer Panel. Overall, we have found 307 mutated genes, most of which already implicated in the development of colon cancer. Among these, 15 genes were mutated in tumors originating in all six colon segments and were defined "common genes" (i.e. APC, PIK3CA, TP53) whereas 13 genes were preferentially mutated in tumors originating only in specific colon segments and were defined "site-associated genes" (i.e. BLNK, PTPRD). In addition, the presence of mutations in 10 of the 307 identified mutated genes (NBN, SMUG1, ERBB2, PTPRT, EPHB1, ALK, PTPRD, AURKB, KDR and GPR124) were found to be of clinical relevance. Among clinically relevant genes, NBN and SMUG1 were identified as independent prognostic factors that predicted poor survival in colon cancer patients. In conclusion, the findings reported here indicate that tumors arising in different colon segments present differences in the type and/or frequency of genetic variants, with two of them being independent prognostic factors that predict poor survival in colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte Mendes Oliveira
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmelo Laudanna
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Simona Migliozzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pietro Zoppoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gianluca Santamaria
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Katia Grillone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura Elia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Chiara Mignogna
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Flavia Biamonte
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosario Sacco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Donatella Malanga
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonia Rizzuto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
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160
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Zhao Y, Scott A, Zhang P, Hao Y, Feng X, Somasundaram S, Khalil AM, Willis J, Wang Z. Regulation of paxillin-p130-PI3K-AKT signaling axis by Src and PTPRT impacts colon tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:48782-48793. [PMID: 27447856 PMCID: PMC5564724 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor T (PTPRT) is frequently mutated in a variety of human cancers including colorectal cancer. Here we report that PTPRT knockout increases the size of mouse colon tumors in the Apcmin+/− genetic background, suggesting that inactivation of PTPRT promotes tumor progression. We previously demonstrated that PTPRT dephosphorylates paxillin at tyrosine-Y88 residue. Consistently, phosphorylation of Y88 paxillin (pY88) is up-regulated in colon tumors derived from Apcmin+/− Ptprt−/− mice. An important downstream effector of pY88 paxillin is the oncogene Akt. Here, we show that pY88 paxillin impacts the Akt pathway by regulating the interaction between p130cas and the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3-Kinase. Additionally, while pY88 paxillin is a substrate of the tumor suppressor phosphatase PTPRT, the corresponding kinase has not been previously identified. In this study, we demonstrate that the oncogenic kinase Src directly phosphorylates paxillin at Y88. Moreover, colorectal cancer cells that express high levels of pY88 paxillin are sensitive to dasatinib treatment, suggesting that pY88 paxillin may serve as a predictive biomarker for Src family kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Anthony Scott
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Yujun Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Xiujing Feng
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Saigopal Somasundaram
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Ahmad M Khalil
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Joseph Willis
- Department of Pathology, Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Zhenghe Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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161
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Zhu YP, Sheng LL, Wu J, Yang M, Cheng XF, Wu NN, Ye XB, Cai J, Wang L, Shen Q, Wu JQ. Loss of ARID1A expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Hum Pathol 2018; 78:28-35. [PMID: 29689245 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of the frequently mutated AT-rich interacting domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A), an SWI/SNF subunit, is associated with poor prognosis in various tumors. This study observed and analyzed ARID1A expression and its correlation with prognosis in gastric carcinoma. Postoperative sections of 98 patients with primary gastric cancer and 40 patients with gastric benign lesions were examined by immunohistochemistry. ARID1A deficiency was observed in 19.39% of gastric cancer tissues, 4.08% of matched paracancerous tissues, and 2.5% of normal gastric mucosa tissues. ARID1A expression was significantly down-regulated in gastric cancer tissues compared with paracancerous tissues (P = .001) and normal gastric mucosa tissues (P = .011). ARID1A deletion significantly correlated with tumor size (P = .022), lymph node metastasis (P = .030), and tumor differentiation (P = .009). In the 90 gastric cancer tissues with tumor stages II and III, the clinical outcome of the ARID1A-negative patients was significantly poorer than that of the ARID1A-positive patients (P = .005). Univariate analysis revealed that tumor invasion depth (P = .025), stage (P = .032), poor differentiation (P = .046), lymph node metastasis (P = .038), and ARID1A expression (P = .023) were significantly related to the overall survival of gastric cancer patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that tumor invasion depth (P = .029) and ARID1A expression (P = .031) were independent factors that indicate poor prognosis. In conclusion, the loss of ARID1A expression in gastric cancer patients significantly correlated with poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ping Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Li Li Sheng
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006,China
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Xian Feng Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Ning Ni Wu
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Xiao Bing Ye
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Juan Cai
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Oncology, Nantong Cancer Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China.
| | - Jian Qiu Wu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China.
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162
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Mutation hotspots at CTCF binding sites coupled to chromosomal instability in gastrointestinal cancers. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1520. [PMID: 29670109 PMCID: PMC5906695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03828-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-specific driver mutations in non-coding genomic regions remain undefined for most cancer types. Here, we unbiasedly analyze 212 gastric cancer (GC) whole genomes to identify recurrently mutated non-coding regions in GC. Applying comprehensive statistical approaches to accurately model background mutational processes, we observe significant enrichment of non-coding indels (insertions/deletions) in three gastric lineage-specific genes. We further identify 34 mutation hotspots, of which 11 overlap CTCF binding sites (CBSs). These CBS hotspots remain significant even after controlling for a genome-wide elevated mutation rate at CBSs. In 3 out of 4 tested CBS hotspots, mutations are nominally associated with expression change of neighboring genes. CBS hotspot mutations are enriched in tumors showing chromosomal instability, co-occur with neighboring chromosomal aberrations, and are common in gastric (25%) and colorectal (19%) tumors but rare in other cancer types. Mutational disruption of specific CBSs may thus represent a tissue-specific mechanism of tumorigenesis conserved across gastrointestinal cancers. The impact of non-coding somatic mutations in gastric cancer is unknown. Here, using whole genome sequencing data from 212 gastric tumors, the authors identify recurring mutations at specific CTCF binding sites that are common across gastrointestinal cancers and associated with chromosomal instability.
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163
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Wen KW, Grenert JP, Joseph NM, Shafizadeh N, Huang A, Hosseini M, Kakar S. Genomic profile of appendiceal goblet cell carcinoid is distinct compared to appendiceal neuroendocrine tumor and conventional adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol 2018; 77:166-174. [PMID: 29634977 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Goblet cell carcinoid (GCC) is a rare appendiceal tumor with unique morphologic features that shows glandular and neuroendocrine differentiation on immunohistochemistry. An additional component of adenocarcinoma (AC) can be present (GCC-AC). Both GCC and GCC-AC are staged and treated like AC. The histogenesis and genetic alterations underlying GCC and GCC-AC are unclear. Capture-based next-generation DNA sequencing targeting 479 cancer genes was performed on 19 appendiceal tumors: 4 GCC, 9 GCC-AC, 3 neuroendocrine tumors (NET), and 3 AC (2 conventional, 1 mucinous). Somatic coding mutations were not seen in any NET. Pathogenic (P)/likely pathogenic (LP) mutations were present in 1 GCC, 8 GCC-AC and all 3 AC cases. P/LP mutations in chromatin remodeling genes were seen in 4 (44.4%) GCC-AC cases, but not in NET, GCC or AC. In GCC-AC, P/LP mutations in ARID1A and RHOA were each present in 3 cases, and KDM6A and SOX9 mutations were each seen in 2 cases. APC and KRAS mutations were present in 1 conventional AC case, but were not observed in any GCC or GCC-AC. This limited series reveals mutations in SOX9, RHOA, and chromatin-modifier genes in goblet cell tumors, and shows that the mutational profile of GCC/GCC-AC is distinct from NET and conventional appendiceal AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwun Wah Wen
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 91343, United States
| | - James P Grenert
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 91343, United States
| | - Nancy M Joseph
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 91343, United States
| | | | - Anne Huang
- Vista Pathology, Medford, OR 97504, United States
| | - Mojgan Hosseini
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
| | - Sanjay Kakar
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 91343, United States.
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164
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Identification of genomic aberrations associated with lymph node metastasis in diffuse-type gastric cancer. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-11. [PMID: 29622765 PMCID: PMC5938030 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-017-0009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) is a GC subtype with heterogeneous clinical outcomes. Lymph node metastasis of DGC heralds a dismal progression, which hampers the curative treatment of patients. However, the genomic heterogeneity of DGC remains unknown. To identify genomic variations associated with lymph node metastasis in DGC, we performed whole exome sequencing on 23 cases of DGC and paired non-tumor tissues and compared the mutation profiles according to the presence (N3, n = 13) or absence (N0, n = 10) of regional lymph node metastasis. Overall, we identified 185 recurrently mutated genes in DGC, which included a significant novel mutation at CMTM2, as well as previously known mutations at CDH1, RHOA, and TP53. Noticeably, CMTM2 expression could predict the prognostic outcomes of DGC but not intestinal-type GC (IGC), indicating pivotal roles of CMTM2 in DGC progression. In addition, we identified a recurrent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of DNA copy numbers at the 3p12-pcen locus in DGC. A comparison of N0 and N3 tumors showed that N3 tumors exhibited more frequent DNA copy number aberrations, including copy-neutral LOH and mutations of CpTpT trinucleotides, than N0 tumors (P = 0.2 × 10-3). In conclusion, DGCs have distinct profiles of somatic mutations and DNA copy numbers according to the status of lymph node metastasis, and this might be helpful in delineating the pathobiology of DGC.
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165
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Azarkhazin F, Tehrani GA. Detecting promoter methylation pattern of apoptotic genes Apaf1 and Caspase8 in gastric carcinoma patients undergoing chemotherapy. J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 9:295-302. [PMID: 29755768 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2017.12.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation patterns in cells dysregulation CpG island methylation of genes involved in cancer leads to increased levels of the cancer. Restoration of the apoptotic route in tumor cells of stomach in order for placing Casp8 and Apaf1 genes is a proper approach for new treatments of gastric cancer. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the pattern of methylation promoter in apoptotic genes of Casp8 and Apaf1 and gastric carcinoma in patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from 30 samples of FFPE tumor, normal tissues and blood samples. Hyper-methylation analysis of Casp8 and Apaf1 genes was conducted using MSP method; the results were analyzed through electrophoresis on agarose gel and software spss20. Results In this study, methylation rate of Apaf1 gene with (P>0.05) was not significant but methylation rate of Casp8 gene with (P<0.05) was significant. In addition, there was a significant relationship between Apaf1 gene methylation in blood with stage (P<0.05), Apaf1 gene methylation in tissue with stage (P<0.05) and grade (P<0.01) and between Casp8 gene methylation in blood with age (P<0.001) of patients but no significant relationship was seen for other factors. Conclusions Our results suggest that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and can be utilized as prognostic biomarkers for it. Also no significant difference between Casp8 and Apaf1 promoter hypermethylation in blood and tissue samples indicated that methylation status of blood sample can be early and non-invasive diagnostic marker in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Azarkhazin
- Department of Genetics, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
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166
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Abudureheman A, Ainiwaer J, Hou Z, Niyaz M, Turghun A, Hasim A, Zhang H, Lu X, Sheyhidin I. High MLL2 expression predicts poor prognosis and promotes tumor progression by inducing EMT in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018. [PMID: 29532228 PMCID: PMC5948284 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background MLL2 has been identified as one of the most frequently mutated genes in a variety of cancers including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, its clinical significance and prognostic value in ESCC has not been elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression and role of MLL2 in ESCC. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and qRT-PCR were used to examine the expression profile of MLL2. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to investigate the clinical and prognostic significance of MLL2 expression in Kazakh ESCC patients. Furthermore, to evaluate the biological function of MLL2 in ESCC, we applied the latest gene editing technique CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout MLL2 in ESCC cell line Eca109. MTT, colony formation, flow cytometry, scratch wound-healing and transwell migration assays were performed to investigate the effect of MLL2 on ESCC cell proliferation and migration. The correlation between MLL2 and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) was investigated by Western blot assay in vitro and IHC in ESCC tissue, respectively. Results Both mRNA and protein expression levels of MLL2 were significantly overexpressed in ESCC patients. High expression of MLL2 was significantly correlated with TNM stage (P = 0.037), tumor differentiation (P = 0.032) and tumor size (P = 0.035). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that patients with low MLL2 expression had a better overall survival than those with high MLL2 expression. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that lymph node metastasis and tumor differentiation were independent prognostic factors. Knockout of MLL2 in Eca109 inhibited cell proliferation and migration ability, induced cell cycle arrest at G1 stage, but it had no significant effect on apoptosis. In addition, knockout of MLL2 could inhibit EMT by up-regulation of E-Cadherin and Smad7 as well as down-regulation of Vimentin and p-Smad2/3 in ESCC cells. In cancer tissues, the expression of E-Cadherin was negatively correlated with MLL2 expression while Vimentin expression was positively correlated with MLL2 expression. Conclusion Our results indicate that overexpression of MLL2 predicts poor clinical outcomes and facilitates ESCC tumor progression, and it may exert oncogenic role via activation of EMT. MLL2 may be used as a novel prognostic factor and therapeutic target for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abulajiang Abudureheman
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Julaiti Ainiwaer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Hou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Madiniyat Niyaz
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdugheni Turghun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ayshamgul Hasim
- Department of Pathology of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ilyar Sheyhidin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
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Ge S, Xia X, Ding C, Zhen B, Zhou Q, Feng J, Yuan J, Chen R, Li Y, Ge Z, Ji J, Zhang L, Wang J, Li Z, Lai Y, Hu Y, Li Y, Li Y, Gao J, Chen L, Xu J, Zhang C, Jung SY, Choi JM, Jain A, Liu M, Song L, Liu W, Guo G, Gong T, Huang Y, Qiu Y, Huang W, Shi T, Zhu W, Wang Y, He F, Shen L, Qin J. A proteomic landscape of diffuse-type gastric cancer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1012. [PMID: 29520031 PMCID: PMC5843664 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) is a subtype of gastric cancer with the worst prognosis and few treatment options. Here we present a dataset from 84 DGC patients, composed of a proteome of 11,340 gene products and mutation information of 274 cancer driver genes covering paired tumor and nearby tissue. DGC can be classified into three subtypes (PX1-3) based on the altered proteome alone. PX1 and PX2 exhibit dysregulation in the cell cycle and PX2 features an additional EMT process; PX3 is enriched in immune response proteins, has the worst survival, and is insensitive to chemotherapy. Data analysis revealed four major vulnerabilities in DGC that may be targeted for treatment, and allowed the nomination of potential immunotherapy targets for DGC patients, particularly for those in PX3. This dataset provides a rich resource for information and knowledge mining toward altered signaling pathways in DGC and demonstrates the benefit of proteomic analysis in cancer molecular subtyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Ge
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xia Xia
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chen Ding
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bei Zhen
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jinwen Feng
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- Center for Bioinformatics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiajia Yuan
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yumei Li
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhongqi Ge
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lianhai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jiayuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yumei Lai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lin Chen
- General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Chunchao Zhang
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jong Min Choi
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Antrix Jain
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mingwei Liu
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lei Song
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wanlin Liu
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Gaigai Guo
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Tongqing Gong
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yin Huang
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wenwen Huang
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Tieliu Shi
- Center for Bioinformatics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yi Wang
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fuchu He
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Lin Shen
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Jun Qin
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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168
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Yang L, Yang G, Ding Y, Dai Y, Xu S, Guo Q, Xie A, Hu G. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway Radiosensitizes Pancreatic Cancer Cells with ARID1A Deficiency in Vitro. J Cancer 2018; 9:890-900. [PMID: 29581767 PMCID: PMC5868153 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is among the most aggressive human cancers, and is resistant to regular chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The AT-rich interactive domain containing protein 1A (ARID1A) gene, a crucial chromatin remodeling gene, mutates frequently in a broad spectrum of cancers, including pancreatic cancer. Recent evidence suggests that ARID1A acts as tumor suppressor and plays an important role in DNA damage repair (DDR). However, the effect of ARID1A on the radiosensitivity of pancreatic cancer remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the involvement of ARID1A depletion in the radioresistance of pancreatic cancer cells, and explored the underlying mechanisms. The results reveal that knockdown of ARID1A enhances the radioresistance of pancreatic cancer cells through suppressing apoptosis, impairing G2-M checkpoint arrest, strengthening DDR, and accompanying activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, upon inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway by PI3K-inhibitor LY294002 or AKT-inhibitor mk2206, the radiosensitivity of ARID1A-deficient pancreatic cancer cells is improved in vitro via increased apoptosis and weakened DDR. Taken together, these data suggest that loss of ARID1A expression enhances radioresistance of pancreatic cancer through activation of PI3K/AKT pathway, which maybe a promising target for radiosensitization of ARID1A-deficient pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Guanghai Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yingjun Ding
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 N 10 th St, Oklahoma City, OK, US, 73104
| | - Yuhong Dai
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Sanpeng Xu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyun Guo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Aini Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Guangyuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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169
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Qiu YS, Jiang NN, Zhou Y, Yu KY, Gong HY, Liao GJ. LMO3 promotes gastric cancer cell invasion and proliferation through Akt-mTOR and Akt-GSK3β signaling. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2755-2763. [PMID: 29436606 PMCID: PMC5846634 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the biological functions of LIM domain only 3 (LMO3) in gastric cancer (GC) investigated and the underlying molecular mechanisms. It was revealed that the expression of LMO3 was significantly upregulated in GC tissues. A GC tissue microarray (n=164) indicated that LMO3 expression was closely associated with clinicopathological factors, as well as overall survival and disease-free survival of patients. After knockdown of LMO3 in MGC-803 and SGC-7901 cells, the invasion and proliferation were obviously suppressed. Furthermore, LMO3 knockdown suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β signaling. An inhibitor of mTOR, dactolisib, abrogated recombinant LMO3 protein-induced GC cell invasion and proliferation, while an inhibitor of GSK3β, CHIR-98014, only abrogated rLMO3 protein-induced proliferation. These results suggested that LMO3 promotes GC cell invasion and proliferation mainly through Akt/mTOR and Akt/GSK3β signaling. LMO3 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for GC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Song Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Ning-Ning Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Kuai-Yun Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Jun Liao
- Department of Bone Tumors, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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170
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Yang Y, Bao W, Sang Z, Yang Y, Lu M, Xi X. Microarray pathway analysis indicated that mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and insulin growth factor 1 signaling pathways were inhibited by small interfering RNA against AT-rich interactive domain 1A in endometrial cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:1829-1838. [PMID: 29399196 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) are frequently observed in endometrial cancer (EC) but the molecular mechanisms linking the genetic changes remain to be fully understood. The present study aimed to elucidate the influence of ARID1A mutations on signaling pathways. Missense, synonymous and nonsense heterozygous ARID1A mutations in the EC HEC-1-A cell line were verified by Sanger sequencing. Mutated ARID1A small interfering RNA was transfected into HEC-1-A cells. Biochemical microarray analysis revealed 13 upregulated pathways, 17 downregulated pathways, 14 significantly affected disease states and functions, 662 upstream and 512 downstream genes in mutated ARID1A-depleted HEC-1-A cells, among which the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) signaling pathways were the 2 most downregulated pathways. Furthermore, the forkhead box protein O1 pathway was upregulated, while the IGF1 receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1 and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit b pathways were downregulated. Carcinoma tumorigenesis, tumor cell mitosis and tumor cell death were significantly upregulated disease states and functions, while cell proliferation and tumor growth were significantly downregulated. The results of the present study suggested that ARID1A may be a potential prognostic and therapeutic molecular drug target for the prevention of EC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyu Sang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Yongbing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Xi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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171
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Arnaud O, Le Loarer F, Tirode F. BAFfling pathologies: Alterations of BAF complexes in cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 419:266-279. [PMID: 29374542 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To activate or repress specific genes, chromatin is constantly modified by chromatin-remodeling complexes. Among these complexes, the SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermenting (SWI/SNF) complex, also referred to as BRG1-Associated Factor (BAF) complex, moves the nucleosome along chromatin using energy provided by ATP hydrolysis. In mammalian organisms, the SWI/SNF complex is composed of 10-15 subunits, depending on cell type, and a defect in one of these subunits can have dramatic consequences. In this review we will focus on the alterations identified in the SWI/SNF (BAF) complex subunits that lead to cancerous pathologies. While SMARCB1 was the first mutated subunit to be reported in a majority of malignant rhabdoid tumors, the advent of next-generation sequencing allowed the discovery of mutations in various SWI/SNF subunits within a broad spectrum of cancers. In most cases, the mutation leads to a loss of expression or to a truncated subunit unable to perform its function. Even though it is now commonly acknowledged that approximately 20% of all cancers present a mutation in a SWI/SNF subunit, some cancers are associated to a specific alteration of a SWI/SNF subunit, which acts either as tumor suppressor genes or as oncogenes, and therefore constitute diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Consistently, therapeutic strategies targeting SWI/SNF subunits or the genes affected downstream have been revealed to treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophelie Arnaud
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008, Lyon, France
| | | | - Franck Tirode
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008, Lyon, France; Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008, Lyon, France.
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172
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Genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal tissues have differential impacts on cancer risk among tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:1328-1333. [PMID: 29358395 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717340115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic alterations are both involved in carcinogenesis, and their low-level accumulation in normal tissues constitutes cancer risk. However, their relative importance has never been examined, as measurement of low-level mutations has been difficult. Here, we measured low-level accumulations of genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal tissues with low, intermediate, and high cancer risk and analyzed their relative effects on cancer risk in the esophagus and stomach. Accumulation of genetic alterations, estimated as a frequency of rare base substitution mutations, significantly increased according to cancer risk in esophageal mucosae, but not in gastric mucosae. The mutation patterns reflected the exposure to lifestyle risk factors. In contrast, the accumulation of epigenetic alterations, measured as DNA methylation levels of marker genes, significantly increased according to cancer risk in both tissues. Patients with cancer (high-risk individuals) were precisely discriminated from healthy individuals with exposure to risk factors (intermediate-risk individuals) by a combination of alterations in the esophagus (odds ratio, 18.2; 95% confidence interval, 3.69-89.9) and by only epigenetic alterations in the stomach (odds ratio, 7.67; 95% confidence interval, 2.52-23.3). The relative importance of epigenetic alterations upon genetic alterations was 1.04 in the esophagus and 2.31 in the stomach. The differential impacts among tissues will be critically important for effective cancer prevention and precision cancer risk diagnosis.
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173
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Tahara T, Shibata T, Okamoto Y, Yamazaki J, Kawamura T, Horiguchi N, Okubo M, Nakano N, Ishizuka T, Nagasaka M, Nakagawa Y, Ohmiya N. Mutation spectrum of TP53 gene predicts clinicopathological features and survival of gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:42252-60. [PMID: 27323394 PMCID: PMC5173132 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim TP53 gene is frequently mutated in gastric cancer (GC), but the relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis is conflicting. Here, we screened TP53 mutation spectrum of 214 GC patients in relation to their clinicopathological features and prognosis. Results TP53 nonsilent mutations were detected in 80 cases (37.4%), being frequently occurred as C:G to T:A single nucleotide transitions at 5′-CpG-3′ sites. TP53 mutations occurred more frequently in differentiated histologic type than in undifferentiated type in the early stage (48.6% vs. 7%, P=0.0006), while the mutations correlated with venous invasion among advanced stage (47.7% vs. 20.7%, P=0.04). Subset of GC with TP53 hot spot mutations (R175, G245, R248, R273, R282) presented significantly worse overall survival and recurrence free survival compared to others (both P=0.001). Methods Matched biopsies from GC and adjacent tissues from 214 patients were used for the experiment. All coding regions of TP53 gene (exon2 to exon11) were examined using Sanger sequencing. Conclusion Our data suggest that GC with TP53 mutations seems to develop as differentiated histologic type and show aggressive biological behavior such as venous invasion. Moreover, our data emphasizes the importance of discriminating TP53 hot spot mutations (R175, G245, R248, R273, R282) to predict worse overall survival and recurrence free survival of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomitsu Tahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jumpei Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Horiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masaaki Okubo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Naoko Nakano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Ishizuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Nagasaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Naoki Ohmiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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174
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MAPK activation and HRAS mutation identified in pituitary spindle cell oncocytoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37054-37063. [PMID: 27175596 PMCID: PMC5095058 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary spindle cell oncocytoma (SCO) is an uncommon primary pituitary neoplasm that presents with mass effect on adjacent neurovascular structures, similar to non-hormone-producing pituitary adenomas. To determine the molecular etiology of SCO, we performed exome sequencing on four SCO cases, with matched normal controls, to assess somatic mutations and copy number alterations. Our analysis revealed a low mutation rate and a copy-neutral profile, consistent with the low-grade nature of this tumor. However, we identified a co-occurring somatic HRAS (p.Q61R) activating point mutation and MEN1 frameshift mutation (p.L117fs) present in a primary and recurrent tumor from one patient. Other SCOs demonstrated mutations in SND1 and FAT1, which are associated with MAPK pathway activation. Immunohistochemistry across the SCO cohort demonstrated robust MAPK activity in all cases (n=4), as evidenced by strong phospho-ERK staining, while phospho-AKT levels suggested only basal levels of PI3K pathway activation. Taken together, this identifies the MAPK signaling pathway as a novel therapeutic target for spindle cell oncocytoma, which may offer a powerful adjunct for aggressive tumors refractory to surgical resection.
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175
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Lim CH, Cho YK, Kim SW, Choi MG, Rhee JK, Chung YJ, Lee SH, Kim TM. The chronological sequence of somatic mutations in early gastric carcinogenesis inferred from multiregion sequencing of gastric adenomas. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39758-39767. [PMID: 27175599 PMCID: PMC5129968 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation profiles and intratumoral heterogeneity are not well understood for benign gastric adenomas, some of which progress into malignant gastric adenocarcinomas. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing of three microsatellite stable (MSS) and two microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) gastric adenomas with three regional tumor biopsies per case. We observed that the mutation abundance of benign gastric adenomas was comparable to those of gastric adenocarcinomas, suggesting that the mutational makeup for gastric carcinogenesis may already be achieved in benign adenomas. The extent of intratumoral heterogeneity was more substantial for MSS genomes in that only 1% - 14% of somatic mutations were common across the regional biopsies or 'public', while 50% - 94% of mutations were public in MSI-H gastric adenomas. We observed biallelic, loss-of-functional events of APC with truncating mutations and/or 5q losses for all cases, mostly as public events. All MSS gastric adenomas also harbored ARID2 truncating mutations, often as multiple, region-specific ones indicative of convergent evolution. Hotspot missense mutations on known cancer genes such as ERBB2 and KRAS were largely observed as region-specific aberrations. These findings suggest that biallelic functional APC inactivation initiates the gastric carcinogenesis and is followed by mutations of histone modifiers and then activation of known cancer-related genes. As the first exome-wide multi-region mutational profiling of gastric adenomas, our study provides clues on the chronological sequence of somatic mutations and their clonal architectures in early gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hyun Lim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Yu Kyung Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Myung-Gyu Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Je-Keun Rhee
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, South Korea.,Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Sug-Hyung Lee
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Tae-Min Kim
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
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176
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Chromatin remodeling gene AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A suppresses gastric cancer cell proliferation by targeting PIK3CA and PDK1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46127-46141. [PMID: 27323812 PMCID: PMC5216786 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A) was frequently mutated in cancers. The modulation mechanism of ARID1A for PI3K/AKT signaling in gastric cancer (GC) remains elusive. Here, we found that depletion of endogenous ARID1A enhanced the in vitro proliferation, colony formation, cellular growth, nutrient uptake and in vivo xenograft tumor growth of GC cells. PI3K/AKT activation by ARID1A-silencing was profiled using a phospho-protein antibody array. The phosphorylation of PDK1, AKT, GSK3β and 70S6K, and the protein and mRNA expressions of PI3K and PDK1, were upregulated by ARID1A-silencing. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay revealed that ARID1A-involved SWI/SNF complex inhibited PIK3CA and PDK1 transcription by direct binding to their promoters. Serial deletion mutation analyses revealed that the ARID1A central region containing the HIC1-binding domain, but not the ARID DNA-binding domain and the C-terminal domain, was essential for the inhibition of GC cell growth, PI3K/AKT pathway phosphorylation and its transcriptional modulation activity of PIK3CA and PDK1. The proliferation, cellular growth and glucose consumption of ARID1A-deficient GC cells were efficiently prohibited by allosteric inhibitors mk2206 and LY294002, which targeting AKT and PI3K, respectively. Both inhibitors also downregulated the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT pathway in ARID1A-deficient GC cells. Such cells were sensitized to the treatment of LY294002, and AT7867, another inhibitor of AKT and p70S6K. The administration of LY294002 alone inhibited the in vivo growth of ARID1A- deficient GC cells in mouse xenograft model. Our study provides a novel insight into the modulatory function and mechanism of ARID1A in PI3K/AKT signaling in GC.
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177
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Chen M, Yang Y, Liu Y, Chen C. The Role of Chromosome Deletions in Human Cancers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1044:135-148. [PMID: 29956295 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0593-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome deletions are a hallmark of human cancers. These chromosome abnormalities have been observed for over than a century and frequently associated with poor prognosis. However, their functions and potential underlying mechanisms remain elusive until recently. Recent technique breakthroughs, including cancer genomics, high throughput library screening and genome editing, opened a new era in the mechanistic studying of chromosome deletions in human cancer. In this chapter, we will focus on the latest studies on the functions of chromosome deletions in human cancers, especially hematopoietic malignancies and try to persuade the readers that these chromosome alterations could play significant roles in the genesis and drug responses of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chen
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China.
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178
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Jiang X, Liu Z, Xia Y, Luo J, Xu J, He X, Tao H. Low FAT4 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Oncotarget 2017; 9:5137-5154. [PMID: 29435168 PMCID: PMC5797039 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of Fat atypical cadherin 4 (FAT4) in gastric cancer (GC) progression. Immunohistochemical analysis showed lower FAT4 expression in tumor tissues from GC patients than in normal gastric epithelium. Lower FAT4 expression was associated with poor prognosis, tumor size and invasion, and lymph node and distant metastases. Multivariate analysis showed that TNM stage, lymph node and distant metastases, Lauren classification, and FAT4 expression were independent prognostic factors in GC. Methylation-specific PCR analysis showed increased FAT4 promoter methylation in GC tumor tissues and cell lines. Higher FAT4 promoter methylation was associated with low FAT4 expression and a poor prognosis. BGC-823 cells showed increased FAT4 expression upon treatment with 5-azacytidine, demethylating agent. FAT4 knockdown in BGC-823 cells led to increased cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness. Moreover, xenografts of BGC-823 cells with FAT4 knockdown showed enhanced tumor growth and metastasis in nude mice. These findings demonstrate that low FAT4 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengchuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingjie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jungang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji Xu
- Department of Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xujun He
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Houquan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
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179
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Youssef O, Sarhadi V, Ehsan H, Böhling T, Carpelan-Holmström M, Koskensalo S, Puolakkainen P, Kokkola A, Knuutila S. Gene mutations in stool from gastric and colorectal neoplasia patients by next-generation sequencing. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:8291-8299. [PMID: 29307989 PMCID: PMC5743500 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i47.8291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study cancer hotspot mutations by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in stool DNA from patients with different gastrointestinal tract (GIT) neoplasms.
METHODS Stool samples were collected from 87 Finnish patients diagnosed with various gastric and colorectal neoplasms, including benign tumors, and from 14 healthy controls. DNA was isolated from stools by using the PSP® Spin Stool DNA Plus Kit. For each sample, 20 ng of DNA was used to construct sequencing libraries using the Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 or Ion AmpliSeq Colon and Lung Cancer panel v2. Sequencing was performed on Ion PGM. Torrent Suite Software v.5.2.2 was used for variant calling and data analysis.
RESULTS NGS was successful in assaying 72 GIT samples and 13 healthy controls, with success rates of the assay being 78% for stomach neoplasia and 87% for colorectal tumors. In stool specimens from patients with gastric neoplasia, five hotspot mutations were found in APC, CDKN2A and EGFR genes, in addition to seven novel mutations. From colorectal patients, 20 mutations were detected in AKT1, APC, ERBB2, FBXW7, KIT, KRAS, NRAS, SMARCB1, SMO, STK11 and TP53. Healthy controls did not exhibit any hotspot mutations, except for two novel ones. APC and TP53 were the most frequently mutated genes in colorectal neoplasms, with five mutations, followed by KRAS with two mutations. APC was the most commonly mutated gene in stools of patients with premalignant/benign GIT lesions.
CONCLUSION Our results show that in addition to colorectal neoplasms, mutations can also be assayed from stool specimens of patients with gastric neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Youssef
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Virinder Sarhadi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Homa Ehsan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tom Böhling
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | | | - Selja Koskensalo
- The HUCH Gastrointestinal Clinic, University Central Hospital of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Pauli Puolakkainen
- The HUCH Gastrointestinal Clinic, University Central Hospital of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Arto Kokkola
- The HUCH Gastrointestinal Clinic, University Central Hospital of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Sakari Knuutila
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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180
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Druliner BR, Vera D, Johnson R, Ruan X, Apone LM, Dimalanta ET, Stewart FJ, Boardman L, Dennis JH. Comprehensive nucleosome mapping of the human genome in cancer progression. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13429-45. [PMID: 26735342 PMCID: PMC4924652 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered chromatin structure is a hallmark of cancer, and inappropriate regulation of chromatin structure may represent the origin of transformation. Important studies have mapped human nucleosome distributions genome wide, but the role of chromatin structure in cancer progression has not been addressed. We developed a MNase-Transcription Start Site Sequence Capture method (mTSS-seq) to map the nucleosome distribution at human transcription start sites genome-wide in primary human lung and colon adenocarcinoma tissue. Here, we confirm that nucleosome redistribution is an early, widespread event in lung (LAC) and colon (CRC) adenocarcinoma. These altered nucleosome architectures are consistent between LAC and CRC patient samples indicating that they may serve as important early adenocarcinoma markers. We demonstrate that the nucleosome alterations are driven by the underlying DNA sequence and potentiate transcription factor binding. We conclude that DNA-directed nucleosome redistributions are widespread early in cancer progression. We have proposed an entirely new hierarchical model for chromatin-mediated genome regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke R Druliner
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Daniel Vera
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America.,The Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ruth Johnson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyang Ruan
- Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lynn M Apone
- New England Biolabs Inc., Ipswich, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eileen T Dimalanta
- New England Biolabs Inc., Ipswich, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fiona J Stewart
- New England Biolabs Inc., Ipswich, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lisa Boardman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jonathan H Dennis
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America.,The Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America.,Institute of Molecular Biophysics, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
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181
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Qiu YS, Liao GJ, Jiang NN. DNA Methylation-Mediated Silencing of Regenerating Protein 1 Alpha (REG1A) Affects Gastric Cancer Prognosis. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:5834-5843. [PMID: 29222406 PMCID: PMC5737223 DOI: 10.12659/msm.904706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cause of cancer-related deaths. The clinical trials still lack the effective methods to treat or monitor the disease progression. In this research, the biological function and the underlying molecular mechanism of regenerating protein 1 alpha (REG1A) in GC were investigated. Material/Methods Gene expression omnibus (GEO), KMplot datasets and GC tissue microarray (n=164) were used to analyze the expression of REG1A and related patient prognoses in GC. Transwell matrigel assay, flow cytometry analysis and CCK8 cell viability assay were performed to detect the biological functions of REG1A. Western blotting and real-time PCR were used to detect the REG1A expression and PI3K/Akt related signaling. Results It was found that the expression of REG1A was significantly downregulated in GC and closely related with clinicopathological findings or patient prognoses. REG1A overexpression could suppress the invasion, cell viability and promote the apoptosis of GC cells. Moreover, we found that the epigenetic methylation suppressed the expression level of REG1A in GC, and REG1A overexpression could suppress the phosphorylation of Akt or GSK3β signaling. Conclusions Taken together, REG1A regulates cell invasion, apoptosis and viability in GC through activating PI3K/Akt-GSK3β signaling. REG1A may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Song Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Guang-Jun Liao
- Department of Bone Tumor, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Ning-Ning Jiang
- Department of Bone Tumor, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
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182
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Xu N, Wang L, Sun P, Xu S, Fu S, Sun Z. Low Arid1a Expression Correlates with Poor Prognosis and Promotes Cell Proliferation and Metastasis in Osteosarcoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 25:875-881. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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183
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Bidirectional alteration of Cav-1 expression is associated with mitogenic conversion of its function in gastric tumor progression. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:766. [PMID: 29141593 PMCID: PMC5688627 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is frequently altered in many human cancers and both tumor suppression and promotion functions of Cav-1 have been suggested based on its expression status. However, it remains unanswered how Cav-1 provokes opposite effects in different cancers or different phases of tumor progression. Methods To explore the implication of Cav-1 alteration in gastric tumorigenesis, the expression and mutational status of Cav-1 and its effects on tumor cell growth were characterized. Results A substantial fraction of primary tumors and cell lines displayed abnormally low or high Cav-1 mRNA expression, indicating the bidirectional alteration of Cav-1 in gastric cancers. While allelic imbalance and mutational alterations of the Cav-1 gene were rarely detected, aberrant promoter hyper- or hypo-methylation showed a tight correlation with bidirectional alteration of its expression. Abnormally low and high Cav-1 expression was more frequently observed in early and advanced cancers, respectively, suggesting the oncogenic switch of its function in tumor progression. Cell cycle progression, DNA synthesis, and colony forming ability were markedly decreased by Cav-1 transfection in low-expressing tumor cells but by its depletion in high-expressing cells. Interestingly, Cav-1 exerted opposite effects on MEK-ERK signaling in these two cell types through the reciprocal regulation of the RAF-ERK negative feedback loop. A feedback inhibition of RAF by ERK was stimulated by restoration of Cav-1 expression in low-expressing cells but by it depletion in high-expressing cells. As predicted, the opposite effects of Cav-1 on both tumor cell growth and inhibitory RAF phosphorylation were abolished if ERK is depleted. Conclusion Bidirectional alteration of Cav-1 is linked to its opposite effects on gastric tumor cell growth, which stem from the reciprocal control on the RAF-ERK negative feedback loop.
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184
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Loss of HDAC-Mediated Repression and Gain of NF-κB Activation Underlie Cytokine Induction in ARID1A- and PIK3CA-Mutation-Driven Ovarian Cancer. Cell Rep 2017; 17:275-288. [PMID: 27681437 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ARID1A is frequently mutated in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) and often co-exists with activating mutations of PIK3CA. Although induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines has been observed in this cancer, the mechanism by which the two mutations synergistically activate cytokine genes remains elusive. Here, we established an in vitro model of OCCC by introducing ARID1A knockdown and mutant PIK3CA into a normal human ovarian epithelial cell line, resulting in cell transformation and cytokine gene induction. We demonstrate that loss of ARID1A impairs the recruitment of the Sin3A-HDAC complex, while the PIK3CA mutation releases RelA from IκB, leading to cytokine gene activation. We show that an NF-κB inhibitor partly attenuates the proliferation of OCCC and improves the efficacy of carboplatin both in cell culture and in a mouse model. Our study thus reveals the mechanistic link between ARID1A/PIK3CA mutations and cytokine gene induction in OCCC and suggests that NF-κB inhibition could be a potential therapeutic option.
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185
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Okawa R, Banno K, Iida M, Yanokura M, Takeda T, Iijima M, Kunitomi-Irie H, Nakamura K, Adachi M, Umene K, Nogami Y, Masuda K, Kobayashi Y, Tominaga E, Aoki D. Aberrant chromatin remodeling in gynecological cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5107-5113. [PMID: 29113150 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms are a current focus in studies investigating cancer. Chromatin remodeling alters chromatin structure and regulates gene expression, and aberrant chromatin remodeling is involved in carcinogenesis. AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A) and SWItch/sucrose non-fermentable-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4 are remodeling factors that are mutated in numerous types of cancer. In gynecological cancer, ARID1A mutations have been identified in 46-57% of clear cell carcinoma and 30% of endometrioid carcinoma. Mutations of chromodomain helicase, DNA-binding protein 4 have been detected in 17-21% of endometrial serous cancer, and mutations of ARID1A and mixed-lineage leukemia 3 occur in 36 and 27% of uterine carcinosarcoma, respectively. These data suggest that aberrant chromatin remodeling is a potential cause of cancer, and have led to the development of novel proteins targeting these processes. Additional accumulation of information on the mechanisms of chromatin remodeling and markers for these events may promote personalized anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichiro Okawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kouji Banno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Miho Iida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Megumi Yanokura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Moito Iijima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Haruko Kunitomi-Irie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kanako Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masataka Adachi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Umene
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuya Nogami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenta Masuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Tominaga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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186
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Li L, Zhao J, Huang S, Wang Y, Zhu L, Cao Y, Xiong J, Deng J. MiR-93-5p promotes gastric cancer-cell progression via inactivation of the Hippo signaling pathway. Gene 2017; 641:240-247. [PMID: 29045821 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
MiR-93-5p has been previously found to be associated with gastric cancer (GC) tumorigenesis; however, the current understanding of its function in this context remains largely incomplete. In the present study, we showed that miR-93-5p was upregulated in GC tissues. We also demonstrated that miR-93-5p overexpression promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance of SGC-7901 cells in vitro, and conversely, that endogenously silencing miR-93-5p expression induced the opposite effects in HGC-27 cells. Overexpression of miR-93-5p was found to inactivate the Hippo pathway, and furthermore, miR-93-5p knockdown activated Hippo signaling. MiR-93-5p upregulation was also shown to inhibit the expression of two well-characterized Hippo pathway regulators, protocadherin Fat 4 (FAT4), and large tumor suppressors 2 (LATS2), at both the mRNA and protein level. Additionally, the results of bioinformatics analyses and luciferase reporter assays indicated that miR-93-5p directly targets the 3'-UTR of FAT4 and LATS2. Taken together, these results demonstrate that miR-93-5p promotes GC-cell progression via the inactivation of the Hippo signaling pathway, and thus, represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, PR China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China.
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China.
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187
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Digital PCR identifies changes in CDH1 (E-cadherin) transcription pattern in intestinal-type gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18811-18820. [PMID: 27861150 PMCID: PMC5386649 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin is a cell-cell adhesion protein encoded by CDH1 tumor-suppressor gene. CDH1 inactivating mutations, leading to loss of protein expression, are common in gastric cancer of the diffuse histotype, while alternative mechanisms modulating E-cadherin expression characterize the more common intestinal histotype. These mechanisms are still poorly understood. CDH1 intron 2 has recently emerged as a cis-modulator of E-cadherin expression, encoding non-canonical transcripts. One in particular, CDH1a, proved to be expressed in gastric cancer cell lines, while being absent in the normal stomach. For the first time, we evaluated by digital PCR the expression of CDH1 and CDH1a transcripts in cancer and normal tissue samples from 32 patients with intestinal-type gastric cancer. We found a significant decrease in CDH1 expression in tumors compared to normal counterparts (P = 0.001), which was especially evident in 76% of cases. CDH1a was detected at extremely low levels in 47% of tumors, but not in normal mucosa. A trend was observed of having less CDH1 in tumors expressing CDH1atranscript. The majority of tumors with both a decrease in CDH1 and presence of CDH1a also showed a decrease in miR-101 expression levels. On the whole, the decrease of CDH1 transcript, corresponding to the canonical protein, and the presence of CDH1a, corresponding to an alternative isoform, are likely to perturb E-cadherin-mediated signaling and cell-cell adhesion, thus contributing to intestinal-type gastric carcinogenesis.
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188
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Kohmoto T, Masuda K, Naruto T, Tange S, Shoda K, Hamada J, Saito M, Ichikawa D, Tajima A, Otsuji E, Imoto I. Construction of a combinatorial pipeline using two somatic variant calling methods for whole exome sequence data of gastric cancer. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2017; 64:233-240. [PMID: 28954988 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.64.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput next-generation sequencing is a powerful tool to identify the genotypic landscapes of somatic variants and therapeutic targets in various cancers including gastric cancer, forming the basis for personalized medicine in the clinical setting. Although the advent of many computational algorithms leads to higher accuracy in somatic variant calling, no standard method exists due to the limitations of each method. Here, we constructed a new pipeline. We combined two different somatic variant callers with different algorithms, Strelka and VarScan 2, and evaluated performance using whole exome sequencing data obtained from 19 Japanese cases with gastric cancer (GC); then, we characterized these tumors based on identified driver molecular alterations. More single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions/deletions were detected by Strelka and VarScan 2, respectively. SNVs detected by both tools showed higher accuracy for estimating somatic variants compared with those detected by only one of the two tools and accurately showed the mutation signature and mutations of driver genes reported for GC. Our combinatorial pipeline may have an advantage in detection of somatic mutations in GC and may be useful for further genomic characterization of Japanese patients with GC to improve the efficacy of GC treatments. J. Med. Invest. 64: 233-240, August, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kohmoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Kiyoshi Masuda
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Takuya Naruto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Shoichiro Tange
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Katsutoshi Shoda
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University.,Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Junichi Hamada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University.,Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Masako Saito
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University.,Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Issei Imoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
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189
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Whole-exome sequencing reveals genetic variants in ERC1 and KCNG4 associated with complete hydatidiform mole in Chinese Han women. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75264-75271. [PMID: 29088863 PMCID: PMC5650418 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) is a rare pregnancy-related disease with invasive potential. The genetics underlying the sporadic form of CHM have not been addressed previously, but maternal genetic variants may be involved in biparental CHM. We performed whole-exome sequencing of 51 patients with CHM and 47 healthy women to identify genetic variants associated with CHM. In addition, candidate variants were analyzed using single base extension and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry in 199 CHM patients and 400 healthy controls. We validated candidate variants using Sanger sequencing in 250 cases and 652 controls, including 205 new controls. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms, c.G48C(p.Q16H) inERC1 and c.G1114A(p.G372S) in KCNG4, were associated with an increased risk of CHM (p<0.05). These variants may contribute to the pathogenesis of CHM and could be used to screen pregnant women for this genetic abnormality.
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190
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191
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192
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Visser E, Franken IA, Brosens LAA, de Leng WWJ, Strengman E, Offerhaus JA, Ruurda JP, van Hillegersberg R. Targeted next-generation sequencing of commonly mutated genes in esophageal adenocarcinoma patients with long-term survival. Dis Esophagus 2017; 30:1-8. [PMID: 28859360 DOI: 10.1093/dote/dox058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Survival of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma remains poor and individual differences in prognosis remain unexplained. This study investigated whether gene mutations can explain why patients with high-risk (pT3-4, pN+) esophageal adenocarcinoma survive past 5 years after esophagectomy. Six long-term survivors (LTS) (≥5 years survival without recurrence) and six short-term survivors (STS) (<2 years survival due to recurrence) who underwent resection without neoadjuvant therapy for high-risk esophageal adenocarcinoma were included. Targeted next-generation sequencing of 16 genes related to esophageal adenocarcinoma was performed. Mutations were compared between the LTS and STS and described in comparison with literature. A total of 48 mutations in 10 genes were identified. In the LTS, the median number of mutated genes per sample was 5 (range: 0-5) and the samples together harbored 22 mutations in 8 genes: APC (n = 1), CDH11 (n = 2), CDKN2A (n = 2), FAT4 (n = 5), KRAS (n = 1), PTPRD (n = 1), TLR4 (n = 8), and TP53 (n = 2). The median number of mutated genes per sample in the STS was 4 (range: 1-8) and in total 26 mutations were found in six genes: CDH11 (n = 5), FAT4 (n = 7), SMAD4 (n = 1), SMARCA4 (n = 1), TLR4 (n = 7), and TP53 (n = 5). CDH11, CDKN2A, FAT4, TLR4, and TP53 were mutated in at least 2 LTS or STS, exceeding mutation rates in literature. Mutations across the LTS and STS were found in 10 of the 16 genes. The results warrant future studies to investigate a larger range of genes in a larger sample size. This may result in a panel with prognostic genes, to predict individual prognosis and to select effective individualized therapy for patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Visser
- Departments of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - I A Franken
- Departments of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L A A Brosens
- Departments of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W W J de Leng
- Departments of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Strengman
- Departments of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J A Offerhaus
- Departments of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J P Ruurda
- Departments of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R van Hillegersberg
- Departments of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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193
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Maeda M, Nakajima T, Oda I, Shimazu T, Yamamichi N, Maekita T, Asada K, Yokoi C, Ando T, Yoshida T, Nanjo S, Fujishiro M, Gotoda T, Ichinose M, Ushijima T. High impact of methylation accumulation on metachronous gastric cancer: 5-year follow-up of a multicentre prospective cohort study. Gut 2017; 66:1721-1723. [PMID: 28003322 PMCID: PMC5561365 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Maeda
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakajima
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Oda
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Prevention Division, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takao Maekita
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Asada
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chizu Yokoi
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ando
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeichi Yoshida
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Sohachi Nanjo
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takuji Gotoda
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Ichinose
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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194
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Lee D, Yu EJ, Ham IH, Hur H, Kim YS. AKT inhibition is an effective treatment strategy in ARID1A-deficient gastric cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:4153-4159. [PMID: 28860825 PMCID: PMC5574587 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s139664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The At-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) is frequently mutated in gastric cancers (GCs) with a poor prognosis. Growing evidence indicates that loss of ARID1A expression leads to activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway by AKT phosphorylation. We aim to investigate the different sensitivity for the AKT inhibitor in ARID1A-deficient GC cells. Methods After transfection using siRNA or shRNA, the effect of ARID1A knockdown on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was evaluated by Western blot analysis. ARID1A-knockdown cells were treated with AKT inhibitor (GSK690693), 5-fluorouracil, or cisplatin, alone or in combination. Viability and apoptosis were analyzed using EZ-CYTOX cell viability assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Results ARID1A depletion accelerated the phosphorylation of AKT and S6 in a dose-dependent manner and led to an increased proliferation of MKN-1, MKN-28, and KATO-III GC cells (P<0.001). ARID1A-deficient cells were more vulnerable to GSK690693 in comparison to the controls (P<0.001), even at very low doses. Flow cytometry confirmed the increased apoptosis in ARID1A-deficient cells treated with GSK690693 (0.01 μmol/L; P<0.001). In contrast to our expectations, ARID1A depletion did not cause resistance to 5-fluorouracil or cisplatin. Addition of GSK690693 to the conventional chemotherapy induced more decreased cell viability in ARID1A-knockdown cells (P<0.01). Conclusion Loss of ARID1A expression is a surrogate marker for the activation of the AKT signaling pathway and is also a reliable biomarker to predict the response for the AKT inhibitor. We anticipate that appropriate patient selection based on ARID1A expression in the tumor tissue will increase the drug sensitivity for the AKT inhibition and improve the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakeun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Yu
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hye Ham
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Hur
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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195
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Mutation Clusters from Cancer Exome. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8080201. [PMID: 28809811 PMCID: PMC5575665 DOI: 10.3390/genes8080201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We apply our statistically deterministic machine learning/clustering algorithm *K-means (recently developed in https://ssrn.com/abstract=2908286) to 10,656 published exome samples for 32 cancer types. A majority of cancer types exhibit a mutation clustering structure. Our results are in-sample stable. They are also out-of-sample stable when applied to 1389 published genome samples across 14 cancer types. In contrast, we find in- and out-of-sample instabilities in cancer signatures extracted from exome samples via nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), a computationally-costly and non-deterministic method. Extracting stable mutation structures from exome data could have important implications for speed and cost, which are critical for early-stage cancer diagnostics, such as novel blood-test methods currently in development.
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196
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Xu JF, Zhao ZG, Ye LL, Zhuge W, Han Z, Zhang TM, Ye SS, Chen WJ, Zhu S, Shi L, Zhang J, Guo AZ, Xue XY, Shen X. Prognostic significance of Daxx NCR (Nuclear/Cytoplasmic Ratio) in gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2017; 6:2063-2075. [PMID: 28812328 PMCID: PMC5603835 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to regulating apoptosis via its interaction with the death domain of Fas receptor, death domain associated protein 6 (Daxx) is also known to be involved in transcriptional regulation, suggesting that the function of Daxx depends on its subcellular localization. In this study, we aimed to explore Daxx subcellular localization in gastric cancer (GC) cells and correlate the findings with clinical data in GC patients. Seventy pairs of tissue samples (GC and adjacent normal tissue) were analyzed immunohistochemically for Daxx expression and localization (nuclear and cytoplasmic). The Daxx Nuclear/Cytoplasmic ratio (Daxx NCR) values in tissue microarray data with 522 tumor samples were further analyzed. The defined Prior cohort (n = 277, treatment between 2006 and 2009) and Recent cohort (n = 245, treatment between 2010 and 2011) were then used to examine the relationship between Daxx NCR and clinical data. The Daxx NCR was found to be clinically informative and significantly higher in GC tissue. Using Daxx NCR (risk ratio = 2.0), both the Prior and Recent cohorts were divided into high‐ and low‐risk groups. Relative to the low‐risk group, the high‐risk patients had a shorter disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in both cohorts. Importantly, postoperative chemotherapy was found having differential effect on high‐ and low‐risk patients. Such chemotherapy brought no survival benefit, (and could potentially be detrimental,) to high‐risk patients after surgery. Daxx NCR could be used as a prognosis factor in GC patients, and may help select the appropriate population to benefit from chemotherapy after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Guang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Le-le Ye
- Basic Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weishan Zhuge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Te-Ming Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Si-Si Ye
- Basic Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Jing Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanli Zhu
- Basic Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinhua First People 's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ai-Zhen Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yangpu Hosptial, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Xue
- Basic Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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197
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Okabe A, Funata S, Matsusaka K, Namba H, Fukuyo M, Rahmutulla B, Oshima M, Iwama A, Fukayama M, Kaneda A. Regulation of tumour related genes by dynamic epigenetic alteration at enhancer regions in gastric epithelial cells infected by Epstein-Barr virus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7924. [PMID: 28801683 PMCID: PMC5554293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with tumours such as Burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and gastric cancer. We previously showed that EBV(+) gastric cancer presents an extremely high-methylation epigenotype and this aberrant DNA methylation causes silencing of multiple tumour suppressor genes. However, the mechanisms that drive EBV infection-mediated tumorigenesis, including other epigenomic alteration, remain unclear. We analysed epigenetic alterations induced by EBV infection especially at enhancer regions, to elucidate their contribution to tumorigenesis. We performed ChIP sequencing on H3K4me3, H3K4me1, H3K27ac, H3K27me3, and H3K9me3 in gastric epithelial cells infected or not with EBV. We showed that repressive marks were redistributed after EBV infection, resulting in aberrant enhancer activation and repression. Enhancer dysfunction led to the activation of pathways related to cancer hallmarks (e.g., resisting cell death, disrupting cellular energetics, inducing invasion, evading growth suppressors, sustaining proliferative signalling, angiogenesis, and tumour-promoting inflammation) and inactivation of tumour suppressive pathways. Deregulation of cancer-related genes in EBV-infected gastric epithelial cells was also observed in clinical EBV(+) gastric cancer specimens. Our analysis showed that epigenetic alteration associated with EBV-infection may contribute to tumorigenesis through enhancer activation and repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Okabe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sayaka Funata
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsusaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroe Namba
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukuyo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bahityar Rahmutulla
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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198
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Ye G, Huang K, Yu J, Zhao L, Zhu X, Yang Q, Li W, Jiang Y, Zhuang B, Liu H, Shen Z, Wang D, Yan L, Zhang L, Zhou H, Hu Y, Deng H, Liu H, Li G, Qi X. MicroRNA-647 Targets SRF-MYH9 Axis to Suppress Invasion and Metastasis of Gastric Cancer. Theranostics 2017; 7:3338-3353. [PMID: 28900514 PMCID: PMC5595136 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in regulating tumour development and progression. Here we show that miR-647 is repressed in gastric cancer (GC), and associated with GC metastasis. Moreover, we identify that miR-647 can suppress GC cell migration and invasion in vitro. Mechanistically, we confirm miR-647 directly binds to the 3' untranslated regions of SRF mRNA, and SRF binds to the CArG box located at the MYH9 promoter. CCG-1423, an inhibitor of RhoA/SRF-mediated gene transcription, inhibits the expression of MYH9, especially in SRF downregulated cells. Overexpression of miR-647 inhibits MGC 80-3 cells' metastasis in orthotropic GC models, but increasing SRF expression in these cells reverses this change. Importantly, we found the synergistic inhibition effect of CCG-1423 and agomir-647, an engineered miRNA mimic, on cancer metastasis in orthotropic GC models. Our study demonstrates that miR-647 functions as a tumor metastasis suppressor in GC by targeting SRF/MYH9 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengtai Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Kunzhai Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Liying Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Qingbin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Wende Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal, Guangdong Laboratory Animal Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Yuming Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Baoxiong Zhuang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Hao Liu
- Leder Human Biology and Translational Medicine, Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Zhiyong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Da Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Haipeng Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Yanfeng Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Haijun Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
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199
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Sohn BH, Hwang JE, Jang HJ, Lee HS, Oh SC, Shim JJ, Lee KW, Kim EH, Yim SY, Lee SH, Cheong JH, Jeong W, Cho JY, Kim J, Chae J, Lee J, Kang WK, Kim S, Noh SH, Ajani JA, Lee JS. Clinical Significance of Four Molecular Subtypes of Gastric Cancer Identified by The Cancer Genome Atlas Project. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:4441-4449. [PMID: 28747339 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project recently uncovered four molecular subtypes of gastric cancer: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), microsatellite instability (MSI), genomically stable (GS), and chromosomal instability (CIN). However, their clinical significances are currently unknown. We aimed to investigate the relationship between subtypes and prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.Experimental Design: Gene expression data from a TCGA cohort (n = 262) were used to develop a subtype prediction model, and the association of each subtype with survival and benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy was tested in 2 other cohorts (n = 267 and 432). An integrated risk assessment model (TCGA risk score) was also developed.Results: EBV subtype was associated with the best prognosis, and GS subtype was associated with the worst prognosis. Patients with MSI and CIN subtypes had poorer overall survival than those with EBV subtype but better overall survival than those with GS subtype (P = 0.004 and 0.03 in two cohorts, respectively). In multivariate Cox regression analyses, TCGA risk score was an independent prognostic factor [HR, 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2-1.9; P = 0.001]. Patients with the CIN subtype experienced the greatest benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.16-0.94; P = 0.03) and those with the GS subtype had the least benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.36-1.89; P = 0.65).Conclusions: Our prediction model successfully stratified patients by survival and adjuvant chemotherapy outcomes. Further development of the prediction model is warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 1-9. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hwa Sohn
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jun-Eul Hwang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Jang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Hyun-Sung Lee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sang Cheul Oh
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Wook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eui Hyun Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sun Young Yim
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sang Ho Lee
- Department of Surgery, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woojin Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yong Cho
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joohee Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jungsoo Chae
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Kim
- Department of surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Noh
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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200
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Jia F, Teer JK, Knepper TC, Lee JK, Zhou HH, He YJ, McLeod HL. Discordance of Somatic Mutations Between Asian and Caucasian Patient Populations with Gastric Cancer. Mol Diagn Ther 2017; 21:179-185. [PMID: 28039579 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-016-0250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in response to cancer treatments have been observed among racially and ethnically diverse gastric cancer (GC) patient populations. In the era of targeted therapy, mutation profiling of cancer is a crucial aspect of making therapeutic decisions. Mapping driver gene mutations for the GC patient population as a whole has significant potential to advance precision therapy. METHODS GC patients with sequencing data (N = 473) were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; n = 295), Moffitt Cancer Center Total Cancer Care™ (TCC; n = 33), and three published studies (n = 145). In addition, relevant somatic mutation frequency data were obtained from cBioPortal, the TCC database, and an in-house analysis tool, as well as relevant publications. RESULTS We found that the somatic mutation rates of several driver genes vary significantly between GC patients of Asian and Caucasian descent, with substantial variation across different geographic regions. Non-parametric statistical tests were performed to examine the significant differences in protein-altering somatic mutations between Asian and Caucasian GC patient groups. The frequencies of somatic mutations of five genes were: APC (Asian: Caucasian 6.06 vs. 14.40%, p = 0.0076), ARIDIA (20.7 vs. 32.1%, p = 0.01), KMT2A (4.04 vs. 12.35%, p = 0.003), PIK3CA (9.6 vs. 18.52%, p = 0.01), and PTEN (2.52 vs. 9.05%, p = 0.008), showing significant differences between Asian and Caucasian GC patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study found significant differences in protein-altering somatic mutation frequencies in diverse geographic populations. In particular, we found that the somatic patterns may offer better insight and important opportunities for both targeted drug development and precision therapeutic strategies between Asian and Caucasian GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Jia
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Division of Population Science, DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jamie K Teer
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Todd C Knepper
- Division of Population Science, DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jae K Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Jing He
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Division of Population Science, DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Howard L McLeod
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Division of Population Science, DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
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