151
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Nabavizadeh A, Bayat M, Kumar V, Gregory A, Webb J, Alizad A, Fatemi M. Viscoelastic biomarker for differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesion in ultra- low frequency range. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5737. [PMID: 30952880 PMCID: PMC6450913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign and malignant tumors differ in the viscoelastic properties of their cellular microenvironments and in their spatiotemporal response to very low frequency stimuli. These differences can introduce a unique viscoelastic biomarker in differentiation of benign and malignant tumors. This biomarker may reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies in breast patients. Although different methods have been developed so far for this purpose, none of them have focused on in vivo and in situ assessment of local viscoelastic properties in the ultra-low (sub-Hertz) frequency range. Here we introduce a new, noninvasive model-free method called Loss Angle Mapping (LAM). We assessed the performance results on 156 breast patients. The method was further improved by detection of out-of-plane motion using motion compensation cross correlation method (MCCC). 45 patients met this MCCC criterion and were considered for data analysis. Among this population, we found 77.8% sensitivity and 96.3% specificity (p < 0.0001) in discriminating between benign and malignant tumors using logistic regression method regarding the pre known information about the BIRADS number and size. The accuracy and area under the ROC curve, AUC, was 88.9% and 0.94, respectively. This method opens new avenues to investigate the mechanobiology behavior of different tissues in a frequency range that has not yet been explored in any in vivo patient studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Nabavizadeh
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Biomedical Informatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mahdi Bayat
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Viksit Kumar
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adriana Gregory
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeremy Webb
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Azra Alizad
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mostafa Fatemi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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152
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Anjos PHA, Carvalho GD, Lira SA, Miranda JA. Wrinkling and folding patterns in a confined ferrofluid droplet with an elastic interface. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:022608. [PMID: 30934336 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.022608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A thin elastic membrane lying on a fluid substrate deviates from its flat geometry on lateral compression. The compressed membrane folds and wrinkles into many distinct morphologies. We study a magnetoelastic variant of such a problem where a viscous ferrofluid, surrounded by a nonmagnetic fluid, is subjected to a radial magnetic field in a Hele-Shaw cell. Elasticity comes into play when the fluids are brought into contact, and due to a chemical reaction, the interface separating them becomes a gel-like elastic layer. A perturbative linear stability theory is used to investigate how the combined action of magnetic and elastic forces can lead to the development of smooth, low-amplitude, sinusoidal wrinkles at the elastic interface. In addition, a nonperturbative vortex sheet approach is employed to examine the emergence of highly nonlinear, magnetically driven, wrinkling and folding equilibrium shape structures. A connection between the magnetoelastic shape solutions induced by a radial magnetic field and those produced by nonmagnetic means through centrifugal forces is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H A Anjos
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriel D Carvalho
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Sérgio A Lira
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas 57072-900, Brazil
| | - José A Miranda
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco 50670-901, Brazil
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153
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Roy Choudhury A, Gupta S, Chaturvedi PK, Kumar N, Pandey D. Mechanobiology of Cancer Stem Cells and Their Niche. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT SOCIETY 2019; 12:17-27. [PMID: 31004332 PMCID: PMC6529500 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-019-00222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Though the existence of cancer stem cells remained enigmatic initially, over the time their participation in tumorigenesis and tumor progression has become highly evident. Today, they are also appreciated as the causal element for tumor heterogeneity and drug-resistance. Cancer stem cells activate a set of molecular pathways some of which are triggered by the unique mechanical properties of the tumor tissue stroma. A relatively new field called mechanobiology has emerged, which aims to critically evaluate the mechanical properties associated with biological events like tissue morphogenesis, cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions, cellular migration and also the development and progression of cancer. Development of more realistic model systems and biophysical instrumentation for observation and manipulation of cell-dynamics in real-time has invoked a hope for some novel therapeutic modalities against cancer in the future. This review discusses the fundamental concepts of cancer stem cells from an intriguing viewpoint of mechanobiology and some important breakthroughs to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Roy Choudhury
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Surabhi Gupta
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Chaturvedi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Deepak Pandey
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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154
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Bevilacqua C, Sánchez-Iranzo H, Richter D, Diz-Muñoz A, Prevedel R. Imaging mechanical properties of sub-micron ECM in live zebrafish using Brillouin microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:1420-1431. [PMID: 30891356 PMCID: PMC6420298 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.001420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we quantify the mechanical properties of the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) in live zebrafish using Brillouin microscopy. Optimization of the imaging conditions and parameters, combined with careful spectral analysis, allows us to resolve the thin ECM and distinguish its Brillouin frequency shift, a proxy for mechanical properties, from the surrounding tissue. High-resolution mechanical mapping further enables the direct measurement of the thickness of the ECM label-free and in-vivo. We find the ECM to be ~500 nm thick, and in very good agreement with electron microscopy quantification. Our results open the door for future studies that aim to investigate the role of ECM mechanics for zebrafish morphogenesis and axis elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bevilacqua
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Monterotondo, Italy
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Héctor Sánchez-Iranzo
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Dmitry Richter
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Prevedel
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Monterotondo, Italy
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155
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Petridou NI, Grigolon S, Salbreux G, Hannezo E, Heisenberg CP. Fluidization-mediated tissue spreading by mitotic cell rounding and non-canonical Wnt signalling. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:169-178. [PMID: 30559456 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis is driven by mechanical forces that elicit changes in cell size, shape and motion. The extent by which forces deform tissues critically depends on the rheological properties of the recipient tissue. Yet, whether and how dynamic changes in tissue rheology affect tissue morphogenesis and how they are regulated within the developing organism remain unclear. Here, we show that blastoderm spreading at the onset of zebrafish morphogenesis relies on a rapid, pronounced and spatially patterned tissue fluidization. Blastoderm fluidization is temporally controlled by mitotic cell rounding-dependent cell-cell contact disassembly during the last rounds of cell cleavages. Moreover, fluidization is spatially restricted to the central blastoderm by local activation of non-canonical Wnt signalling within the blastoderm margin, increasing cell cohesion and thereby counteracting the effect of mitotic rounding on contact disassembly. Overall, our results identify a fluidity transition mediated by loss of cell cohesion as a critical regulator of embryo morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edouard Hannezo
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
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156
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Pinheiro D, Bellaïche Y. Mechanical Force-Driven Adherens Junction Remodeling and Epithelial Dynamics. Dev Cell 2019; 47:3-19. [PMID: 30300588 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During epithelial tissue development, repair, and homeostasis, adherens junctions (AJs) ensure intercellular adhesion and tissue integrity while allowing for cell and tissue dynamics. Mechanical forces play critical roles in AJs' composition and dynamics. Recent findings highlight that beyond a well-established role in reinforcing cell-cell adhesion, AJ mechanosensitivity promotes junctional remodeling and polarization, thereby regulating critical processes such as cell intercalation, division, and collective migration. Here, we provide an integrated view of mechanosensing mechanisms that regulate cell-cell contact composition, geometry, and integrity under tension and highlight pivotal roles for mechanosensitive AJ remodeling in preserving epithelial integrity and sustaining tissue dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pinheiro
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yohanns Bellaïche
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 75005 Paris, France.
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157
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Thompson AJ, Pillai EK, Dimov IB, Foster SK, Holt CE, Franze K. Rapid changes in tissue mechanics regulate cell behaviour in the developing embryonic brain. eLife 2019; 8:e39356. [PMID: 30642430 PMCID: PMC6333438 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue mechanics is important for development; however, the spatio-temporal dynamics of in vivo tissue stiffness is still poorly understood. We here developed tiv-AFM, combining time-lapse in vivo atomic force microscopy with upright fluorescence imaging of embryonic tissue, to show that during development local tissue stiffness changes significantly within tens of minutes. Within this time frame, a stiffness gradient arose in the developing Xenopus brain, and retinal ganglion cell axons turned to follow this gradient. Changes in local tissue stiffness were largely governed by cell proliferation, as perturbation of mitosis diminished both the stiffness gradient and the caudal turn of axons found in control brains. Hence, we identified a close relationship between the dynamics of tissue mechanics and developmental processes, underpinning the importance of time-resolved stiffness measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia J Thompson
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Eva K Pillai
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Ivan B Dimov
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Sarah K Foster
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Christine E Holt
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Kristian Franze
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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158
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Bénazéraf B. Dynamics and mechanisms of posterior axis elongation in the vertebrate embryo. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:89-98. [PMID: 30283977 PMCID: PMC11105343 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
During development, the vertebrate embryo undergoes significant morphological changes which lead to its future body form and functioning organs. One of these noticeable changes is the extension of the body shape along the antero-posterior (A-P) axis. This A-P extension, while taking place in multiple embryonic tissues of the vertebrate body, involves the same basic cellular behaviors: cell proliferation, cell migration (of new progenitors from a posterior stem zone), and cell rearrangements. However, the nature and the relative contribution of these different cellular behaviors to A-P extension appear to vary depending upon the tissue in which they take place and on the stage of embryonic development. By focusing on what is known in the neural and mesodermal tissues of the bird embryo, I review the influences of cellular behaviors in posterior tissue extension. In this context, I discuss how changes in distinct cell behaviors can be coordinated at the tissue level (and between tissues) to synergize, build, and elongate the posterior part of the embryonic body. This multi-tissue framework does not only concern axis elongation, as it could also be generalized to morphogenesis of any developing organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Bénazéraf
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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159
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Nathwani B, Shih WM, Wong WP. Force Spectroscopy and Beyond: Innovations and Opportunities. Biophys J 2018; 115:2279-2285. [PMID: 30447991 PMCID: PMC6302248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Life operates at the intersection of chemistry and mechanics. Over the years, we have made remarkable progress in understanding life from a biochemical perspective and the mechanics of life at the single-molecule scale. Yet the full integration of physical and mechanical models into mainstream biology has been impeded by technical and conceptual barriers, including limitations in our ability to 1) easily measure and apply mechanical forces to biological systems, 2) scale these measurements from single-molecule characterization to more complex biomolecular systems, and 3) model and interpret biophysical data in a coherent way across length scales that span single molecules to cells to multicellular organisms. In this manuscript, through a look at historical and recent developments in force spectroscopy techniques and a discussion of a few exemplary open problems in cellular biomechanics, we aim to identify research opportunities that will help us reach our goal of a more complete and integrated understanding of the role of force and mechanics in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavik Nathwani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - William M Shih
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wesley P Wong
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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160
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Boromand A, Signoriello A, Ye F, O'Hern CS, Shattuck MD. Jamming of Deformable Polygons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:248003. [PMID: 30608748 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.248003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the deformable particle (DP) model for cells, foams, emulsions, and other soft particulate materials, which adds to the benefits and eliminates deficiencies of existing models. The DP model combines the ability to model individual soft particles with the shape-energy function of the vertex model, and adds arbitrary particle deformations. We focus on 2D deformable polygons with a shape-energy function that is minimized for area a_{0} and perimeter p_{0} and repulsive interparticle forces. We study the onset of jamming versus particle asphericity, A=p_{0}^{2}/4πa_{0}, and find that the packing fraction grows with A until reaching A^{*}=1.16 of the underlying Voronoi cells at confluence. We find that DP packings above and below A^{*} are solidlike, which helps explain the solid-to-fluid transition at A^{*} in the vertex model as a transition from tension- to compression-dominated regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Boromand
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Alexandra Signoriello
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Corey S O'Hern
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Mark D Shattuck
- Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
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161
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Erdemci-Tandogan G, Clark MJ, Amack JD, Manning ML. Tissue Flow Induces Cell Shape Changes During Organogenesis. Biophys J 2018; 115:2259-2270. [PMID: 30455043 PMCID: PMC6289824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In embryonic development, cell shape changes are essential for building functional organs, but in many cases, the mechanisms that precisely regulate these changes remain unknown. We propose that fluid-like drag forces generated by the motion of an organ through surrounding tissue could generate changes to its structure that are important for its function. To test this hypothesis, we study the zebrafish left-right organizer, Kupffer's vesicle (KV), using experiments and mathematical modeling. During development, monociliated cells that comprise KV undergo region-specific shape changes along the anterior-posterior axis that are critical for KV function: anterior cells become long and thin, whereas posterior cells become short and squat. Here, we develop a mathematical vertex-like model for cell shapes that incorporates both tissue rheology and cell motility and constrain the model parameters using previously published rheological data for the zebrafish tailbud as well as our own measurements of the KV speed. We find that drag forces due to dynamics of cells surrounding KV could be sufficient or work in concert with previously identified mechanisms to drive KV cell shape changes during KV development. More broadly, these results suggest that cell shape changes during embryonic development and beyond could be driven by dynamic forces not typically considered in models or experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madeline J Clark
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Jeffrey D Amack
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - M Lisa Manning
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
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162
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Stooke-Vaughan GA, Campàs O. Physical control of tissue morphogenesis across scales. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2018; 51:111-119. [PMID: 30390520 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During embryogenesis, tissues and organs are progressively shaped into their functional morphologies. While the information about tissue and organ shape is encoded genetically, the sculpting of embryonic structures in the 3D space is ultimately a physical process. The control of physical quantities involved in tissue morphogenesis originates at cellular and subcellular scales, but it is their emergent behavior at supracellular scales that guides morphogenetic events. In this review, we highlight the physical quantities that can be spatiotemporally tuned at supracellular scales to sculpt tissues and organs during embryonic development of animal species, and connect them to the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina A Stooke-Vaughan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Otger Campàs
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States; Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States; Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, United States.
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163
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Role of Extracellular Matrix in Development and Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103028. [PMID: 30287763 PMCID: PMC6213383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 644] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immense diversity of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins confers distinct biochemical and biophysical properties that influence cell phenotype. The ECM is highly dynamic as it is constantly deposited, remodelled, and degraded during development until maturity to maintain tissue homeostasis. The ECM’s composition and organization are spatiotemporally regulated to control cell behaviour and differentiation, but dysregulation of ECM dynamics leads to the development of diseases such as cancer. The chemical cues presented by the ECM have been appreciated as key drivers for both development and cancer progression. However, the mechanical forces present due to the ECM have been largely ignored but recently recognized to play critical roles in disease progression and malignant cell behaviour. Here, we review the ways in which biophysical forces of the microenvironment influence biochemical regulation and cell phenotype during key stages of human development and cancer progression.
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164
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Anlaş AA, Nelson CM. Tissue mechanics regulates form, function, and dysfunction. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 54:98-105. [PMID: 29890398 PMCID: PMC6214752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Morphogenesis encompasses the developmental processes that reorganize groups of cells into functional tissues and organs. The spatiotemporal patterning of individual cell behaviors is influenced by how cells perceive and respond to mechanical forces, and determines final tissue architecture. Here, we review recent work examining the physical mechanisms of tissue morphogenesis in vertebrate and invertebrate models, discuss how epithelial cells employ contractility to induce global changes that lead to tissue folding, and describe how tissue form itself regulates cell behavior. We then highlight novel tools to recapitulate these processes in engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alişya A Anlaş
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States.
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165
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Tang VW. Cell-cell adhesion interface: orthogonal and parallel forces from contraction, protrusion, and retraction. F1000Res 2018; 7. [PMID: 30345009 PMCID: PMC6173117 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15860.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial lateral membrane plays a central role in the integration of intercellular signals and, by doing so, is a principal determinant in the emerging properties of epithelial tissues. Mechanical force, when applied to the lateral cell-cell interface, can modulate the strength of adhesion and influence intercellular dynamics. Yet the relationship between mechanical force and epithelial cell behavior is complex and not completely understood. This commentary aims to provide an investigative look at the usage of cellular forces at the epithelial cell-cell adhesion interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian W Tang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA
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166
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Zhang J, Raghunathan R, Rippy J, Wu C, Finnell RH, Larin KV, Scarcelli G. Tissue biomechanics during cranial neural tube closure measured by Brillouin microscopy and optical coherence tomography. Birth Defects Res 2018; 111:991-998. [PMID: 30239173 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embryonic development involves the interplay of driving forces that shape the tissue and the mechanical resistance that the tissue offers in response. While increasing evidence has suggested the crucial role of physical mechanisms underlying embryo development, tissue biomechanics is not well understood because of the lack of techniques that can quantify the stiffness of tissue in situ with 3D high-resolution and in a noncontact manner. METHODS We used two all-optical techniques, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Brillouin microscopy, to map the longitudinal modulus of the tissue from mouse embryos in situ. RESULTS We acquired 2D mechanical maps of the neural tube region of embryos at embryonic day (E) 8.5 (n = 2) and E9.5 (n = 2) with submicron spatial resolution. We found the modulus of tissue varied distinctly within the neural tube region of the same embryo and between embryos at different development stages, suggesting our technique has enough sensitivity and spatial resolution to monitor the tissue mechanics during embryonic development in a noncontact and noninvasive manner. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the capability of OCT-guided Brillouin microscopy to quantify tissue longitudinal modulus of mouse embryos in situ, and observed distinct change in the modulus during the closure of cranial neural tube. Although this preliminary work cannot provide definitive conclusions on biomechanics of neural tube closure yet as a result of the limited number of samples, it provides an approach of quantifying the tissue mechanics during embryo development in situ, thus could be helpful in investigating the role of tissue biomechanics in the regulation of embryonic development. Our next study involving more embryo samples will investigate systematic changes in tissue mechanics during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitao Zhang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, Maryland
| | - Raksha Raghunathan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Justin Rippy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kirill V Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.,Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
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167
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Mongera A, Rowghanian P, Gustafson HJ, Shelton E, Kealhofer DA, Carn EK, Serwane F, Lucio AA, Giammona J, Campàs O. A fluid-to-solid jamming transition underlies vertebrate body axis elongation. Nature 2018; 561:401-405. [PMID: 30185907 PMCID: PMC6148385 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Just as in clay molding or glass blowing, sculpting biological structures requires the constituent material to locally flow like a fluid while maintaining overall mechanical integrity like a solid. Disordered soft materials, such as foams, emulsions and colloidal suspensions, switch from fluid-like to solid-like behaviors at a jamming transition1–4. Similarly, cell collectives have been shown to display glassy dynamics in 2D and 3D5,6 and jamming in cultured epithelial monolayers7,8, behaviors recently predicted theoretically9–11 and proposed to influence asthma pathobiology8 and tumor progression12. However, it is unknown if these seemingly universal behaviors occur in vivo and, specifically, if they play any functional role during embryonic morphogenesis. By combining direct in vivo measurements of tissue mechanics with analysis of cellular dynamics, we show that during vertebrate body axis elongation, posterior tissues undergo a jamming transition from a fluid-like behavior at the extending end, the mesodermal progenitor zone (MPZ), to a solid-like behavior in the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). We uncover an anteroposterior, N-cadherin-dependent gradient in yield stress that provides increasing mechanical integrity to the PSM, consistent with the tissue transiting from a wetter to a dryer foam-like architecture. Our results show that cell-scale stresses fluctuate rapidly (~1 min), enabling cell rearrangements and effectively ‘melting’ the tissue at the growing end. Persistent (>0.5 h) stresses at supracellular scales, rather than cell-scale stresses, guide morphogenetic flows in fluid-like tissue regions. Unidirectional axis extension is sustained by the reported PSM rigidification, which mechanically supports posterior, fluid-like tissues during remodeling prior to their maturation. The spatiotemporal control of fluid-like and solid-like tissue states may represent a generic physical mechanism of embryonic morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mongera
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Payam Rowghanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Hannah J Gustafson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Elijah Shelton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - David A Kealhofer
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Emmet K Carn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Friedhelm Serwane
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam A Lucio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - James Giammona
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Otger Campàs
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. .,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. .,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. .,Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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168
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Mechanical Mapping of Spinal Cord Growth and Repair in Living Zebrafish Larvae by Brillouin Imaging. Biophys J 2018; 115:911-923. [PMID: 30122291 PMCID: PMC6127462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of biological tissues are increasingly recognized as important factors in developmental and pathological processes. Most existing mechanical measurement techniques either necessitate destruction of the tissue for access or provide insufficient spatial resolution. Here, we show for the first time to our knowledge a systematic application of confocal Brillouin microscopy to quantitatively map the mechanical properties of spinal cord tissues during biologically relevant processes in a contact-free and nondestructive manner. Living zebrafish larvae were mechanically imaged in all anatomical planes during development and after spinal cord injury. These experiments revealed that Brillouin microscopy is capable of detecting the mechanical properties of distinct anatomical structures without interfering with the animal’s natural development. The Brillouin shift within the spinal cord remained comparable during development and transiently decreased during the repair processes after spinal cord transection. By taking into account the refractive index distribution, we explicitly determined the apparent longitudinal modulus and viscosity of different larval zebrafish tissues. Importantly, mechanical properties differed between tissues in situ and in excised slices. The presented work constitutes the first step toward an in vivo assessment of spinal cord tissue mechanics during regeneration, provides a methodical basis to identify key determinants of mechanical tissue properties, and allows us to test their relative importance in combination with biochemical and genetic factors during developmental and regenerative processes.
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169
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Herrera-Perez RM, Kasza KE. Biophysical control of the cell rearrangements and cell shape changes that build epithelial tissues. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2018; 51:88-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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170
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Chan CJ, Heisenberg CP, Hiiragi T. Coordination of Morphogenesis and Cell-Fate Specification in Development. Curr Biol 2018; 27:R1024-R1035. [PMID: 28950087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During animal development, cell-fate-specific changes in gene expression can modify the material properties of a tissue and drive tissue morphogenesis. While mechanistic insights into the genetic control of tissue-shaping events are beginning to emerge, how tissue morphogenesis and mechanics can reciprocally impact cell-fate specification remains relatively unexplored. Here we review recent findings reporting how multicellular morphogenetic events and their underlying mechanical forces can feed back into gene regulatory pathways to specify cell fate. We further discuss emerging techniques that allow for the direct measurement and manipulation of mechanical signals in vivo, offering unprecedented access to study mechanotransduction during development. Examination of the mechanical control of cell fate during tissue morphogenesis will pave the way to an integrated understanding of the design principles that underlie robust tissue patterning in embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chii J Chan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Takashi Hiiragi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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171
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Braun E, Keren K. HydraRegeneration: Closing the Loop with Mechanical Processes in Morphogenesis. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1700204. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erez Braun
- Department of Physics & Network Biology Research LaboratoriesTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Kinneret Keren
- Department of Physics & Network Biology Research LaboratoriesTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
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172
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White MD, Zenker J, Bissiere S, Plachta N. Instructions for Assembling the Early Mammalian Embryo. Dev Cell 2018; 45:667-679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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173
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Tanner K. Perspective: The role of mechanobiology in the etiology of brain metastasis. APL Bioeng 2018; 2:031801. [PMID: 31069312 PMCID: PMC6324204 DOI: 10.1063/1.5024394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor latency and dormancy are obstacles to effective cancer treatment. In brain
metastases, emergence of a lesion can occur at varying intervals from diagnosis
and in some cases following successful treatment of the primary tumor. Genetic
factors that drive brain metastases have been identified, such as those involved
in cell adhesion, signaling, extravasation, and metabolism. From this wealth of
knowledge, vexing questions still remain; why is there a difference in strategy
to facilitate outgrowth and why is there a difference in latency? One missing
link may be the role of tissue biophysics of the brain microenvironment in
infiltrating cells. Here, I discuss the mechanical cues that may influence
disseminated tumor cells in the brain, as a function of age and disease. I
further discuss in vitro and in vivo
preclinical models such as 3D culture systems and zebrafish to study the role of
the mechanical environment in brain metastasis in an effort of providing novel
targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandice Tanner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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174
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Rajagopal V, Holmes WR, Lee PVS. Computational modeling of single-cell mechanics and cytoskeletal mechanobiology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 10:e1407. [PMID: 29195023 PMCID: PMC5836888 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular cytoskeletal mechanics plays a major role in many aspects of human health from organ development to wound healing, tissue homeostasis and cancer metastasis. We summarize the state-of-the-art techniques for mathematically modeling cellular stiffness and mechanics and the cytoskeletal components and factors that regulate them. We highlight key experiments that have assisted model parameterization and compare the advantages of different models that have been used to recapitulate these experiments. An overview of feed-forward mechanisms from signaling to cytoskeleton remodeling is provided, followed by a discussion of the rapidly growing niche of encapsulating feedback mechanisms from cytoskeletal and cell mechanics to signaling. We discuss broad areas of advancement that could accelerate research and understanding of cellular mechanobiology. A precise understanding of the molecular mechanisms that affect cell and tissue mechanics and function will underpin innovations in medical device technologies of the future. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2018, 10:e1407. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1407 This article is categorized under: Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Rajagopal
- Cell Structure and Mechanobiology Group, Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - William R. Holmes
- Department of Physics and AstronomyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Peter Vee Sin Lee
- Cell and Tissue Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
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175
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Vennin C, Murphy KJ, Morton JP, Cox TR, Pajic M, Timpson P. Reshaping the Tumor Stroma for Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:820-838. [PMID: 29287624 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.11.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is accompanied by a fibrotic reaction that alters interactions between tumor cells and the stroma to promote tumor progression. Consequently, strategies to target the tumor stroma might be used to treat patients with pancreatic cancer. We review recently developed approaches for reshaping the pancreatic tumor stroma and discuss how these might improve patient outcomes. We also describe relationships between the pancreatic tumor extracellular matrix, the vasculature, the immune system, and metabolism, and discuss the implications for the development of stromal compartment-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vennin
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Kinghorn Cancer Center, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kendelle J Murphy
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Kinghorn Cancer Center, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK, The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas R Cox
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Kinghorn Cancer Center, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marina Pajic
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Kinghorn Cancer Center, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Kinghorn Cancer Center, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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176
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Broders-Bondon F, Nguyen Ho-Bouldoires TH, Fernandez-Sanchez ME, Farge E. Mechanotransduction in tumor progression: The dark side of the force. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1571-1587. [PMID: 29467174 PMCID: PMC5940296 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201701039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Broders-Bondon et al. review the pathological mechanical properties of tumor tissues and how abnormal mechanical signals result in oncogenic biochemical signals during tumor progression. Cancer has been characterized as a genetic disease, associated with mutations that cause pathological alterations of the cell cycle, adhesion, or invasive motility. Recently, the importance of the anomalous mechanical properties of tumor tissues, which activate tumorigenic biochemical pathways, has become apparent. This mechanical induction in tumors appears to consist of the destabilization of adult tissue homeostasis as a result of the reactivation of embryonic developmental mechanosensitive pathways in response to pathological mechanical strains. These strains occur in many forms, for example, hypervascularization in late tumors leads to high static hydrodynamic pressure that can promote malignant progression through hypoxia or anomalous interstitial liquid and blood flow. The high stiffness of tumors directly induces the mechanical activation of biochemical pathways enhancing the cell cycle, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and cell motility. Furthermore, increases in solid-stress pressure associated with cell hyperproliferation activate tumorigenic pathways in the healthy epithelial cells compressed by the neighboring tumor. The underlying molecular mechanisms of the translation of a mechanical signal into a tumor inducing biochemical signal are based on mechanically induced protein conformational changes that activate classical tumorigenic signaling pathways. Understanding these mechanisms will be important for the development of innovative treatments to target such mechanical anomalies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Broders-Bondon
- Mechanics and Genetics of Embryonic and Tumor Development Group, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR168, Inserm, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
| | - Thanh Huong Nguyen Ho-Bouldoires
- Mechanics and Genetics of Embryonic and Tumor Development Group, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR168, Inserm, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
| | - Maria-Elena Fernandez-Sanchez
- Mechanics and Genetics of Embryonic and Tumor Development Group, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR168, Inserm, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Farge
- Mechanics and Genetics of Embryonic and Tumor Development Group, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR168, Inserm, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
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177
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Dasgupta A, Merkel M, Clark MJ, Jacob AE, Dawson JE, Manning ML, Amack JD. Cell volume changes contribute to epithelial morphogenesis in zebrafish Kupffer's vesicle. eLife 2018; 7:30963. [PMID: 29376824 PMCID: PMC5800858 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
How epithelial cell behaviors are coordinately regulated to sculpt tissue architecture is a fundamental question in biology. Kupffer’s vesicle (KV), a transient organ with a fluid-filled lumen, provides a simple system to investigate the interplay between intrinsic cellular mechanisms and external forces during epithelial morphogenesis. Using 3-dimensional (3D) analyses of single cells we identify asymmetric cell volume changes along the anteroposterior axis of KV that coincide with asymmetric cell shape changes. Blocking ion flux prevents these cell volume changes and cell shape changes. Vertex simulations suggest cell shape changes do not depend on lumen expansion. Consistent with this prediction, asymmetric changes in KV cell volume and shape occur normally when KV lumen growth fails due to leaky cell adhesions. These results indicate ion flux mediates cell volume changes that contribute to asymmetric cell shape changes in KV, and that these changes in epithelial morphology are separable from lumen-generated forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnik Dasgupta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, United States
| | - Matthias Merkel
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, United States
| | - Madeline J Clark
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, United States
| | - Andrew E Jacob
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, United States
| | | | - M Lisa Manning
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Amack
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, United States
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178
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Holle AW, Young JL, Van Vliet KJ, Kamm RD, Discher D, Janmey P, Spatz JP, Saif T. Cell-Extracellular Matrix Mechanobiology: Forceful Tools and Emerging Needs for Basic and Translational Research. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1-8. [PMID: 29178811 PMCID: PMC5842374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular biophysical cues have a profound influence on a wide range of cell behaviors, including growth, motility, differentiation, apoptosis, gene expression, adhesion, and signal transduction. Cells not only respond to definitively mechanical cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) but can also sometimes alter the mechanical properties of the matrix and hence influence subsequent matrix-based cues in both physiological and pathological processes. Interactions between cells and materials in vitro can modify cell phenotype and ECM structure, whether intentionally or inadvertently. Interactions between cell and matrix mechanics in vivo are of particular importance in a wide variety of disorders, including cancer, central nervous system injury, fibrotic diseases, and myocardial infarction. Both the in vitro and in vivo effects of this coupling between mechanics and biology hold important implications for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Holle
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research , Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg , 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer L Young
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research , Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg , 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Krystyn J Van Vliet
- BioSystems & Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology , Singapore
| | - Roger D Kamm
- BioSystems & Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology , Singapore
| | | | | | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research , Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg , 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Taher Saif
- Department of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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179
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Kimelman D, Smith NL, Lai JKH, Stainier DYR. Regulation of posterior body and epidermal morphogenesis in zebrafish by localized Yap1 and Wwtr1. eLife 2017; 6:e31065. [PMID: 29283341 PMCID: PMC5773182 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate embryo undergoes a series of dramatic morphological changes as the body extends to form the complete anterior-posterior axis during the somite-forming stages. The molecular mechanisms regulating these complex processes are still largely unknown. We show that the Hippo pathway transcriptional coactivators Yap1 and Wwtr1 are specifically localized to the presumptive epidermis and notochord, and play a critical and unexpected role in posterior body extension by regulating Fibronectin assembly underneath the presumptive epidermis and surrounding the notochord. We further find that Yap1 and Wwtr1, also via Fibronectin, have an essential role in the epidermal morphogenesis necessary to form the initial dorsal and ventral fins, a process previously thought to involve bending of an epithelial sheet, but which we now show involves concerted active cell movement. Our results reveal how the Hippo pathway transcriptional program, localized to two specific tissues, acts to control essential morphological events in the vertebrate embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kimelman
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Natalie L Smith
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Jason Kuan Han Lai
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Didier YR Stainier
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
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180
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Abstract
D'Arcy Thompson was a proponent of applying mathematical and physical principles to biological systems, an approach that is becoming increasingly common in developmental biology. Indeed, the recent integration of quantitative experimental data, force measurements and mathematical modeling has changed our understanding of morphogenesis - the shaping of an organism during development. Emerging evidence suggests that the subcellular organization of contractile cytoskeletal networks plays a key role in force generation, while on the tissue level the spatial organization of forces determines the morphogenetic output. Inspired by D'Arcy Thompson's On Growth and Form, we review our current understanding of how biological forms are created and maintained by the generation and organization of contractile forces at the cell and tissue levels. We focus on recent advances in our understanding of how cells actively sculpt tissues and how forces are involved in specific morphogenetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Heer
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Adam C Martin
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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181
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Graner F, Riveline D. 'The Forms of Tissues, or Cell-aggregates': D'Arcy Thompson's influence and its limits. Development 2017; 144:4226-4237. [PMID: 29183936 DOI: 10.1242/dev.151233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In two chapters of his book On Growth and Form, D'Arcy Thompson used numerous biological and physical observations to show how principles from mathematics and physics - such as pressure differences, surface tension and viscosity - could explain cell shapes and packing within tissues. In this Review, we depict influences that enabled the genesis of his ideas, report examples of his visionary observations and trace his impact over the past 100 years. Recently, his ideas have been revisited as a new field of research emerged, linking cell-level physics with epithelial tissue structure and development. We critically discuss the potential and the limitations of both Thompson's and the modern approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Graner
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Denis Diderot - Paris 7, CNRS UMR 7057, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Daniel Riveline
- Laboratory of Cell Physics ISIS/IGBMC, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France .,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Physics Department, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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182
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Chiou K, Collins EMS. Why we need mechanics to understand animal regeneration. Dev Biol 2017; 433:155-165. [PMID: 29179947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are an important contributor to cell fate specification and cell migration during embryonic development in animals. Similarities between embryogenesis and regeneration, particularly with regards to pattern formation and large-scale tissue movements, suggest similarly important roles for physical forces during regeneration. While the influence of the mechanical environment on stem cell differentiation in vitro is being actively exploited in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, comparatively little is known about the role of stresses and strains acting during animal regeneration. In this review, we summarize published work on the role of physical principles and mechanical forces in animal regeneration. Novel experimental techniques aimed at addressing the role of mechanics in embryogenesis have greatly enhanced our understanding at scales from the subcellular to the macroscopic - we believe the time is ripe for the field of regeneration to similarly leverage the tools of the mechanobiological research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chiou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eva-Maria S Collins
- Physics Department, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Section of Cell&Developmental Biology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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183
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Huang G, Li F, Zhao X, Ma Y, Li Y, Lin M, Jin G, Lu TJ, Genin GM, Xu F. Functional and Biomimetic Materials for Engineering of the Three-Dimensional Cell Microenvironment. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12764-12850. [PMID: 28991456 PMCID: PMC6494624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cell microenvironment has emerged as a key determinant of cell behavior and function in development, physiology, and pathophysiology. The extracellular matrix (ECM) within the cell microenvironment serves not only as a structural foundation for cells but also as a source of three-dimensional (3D) biochemical and biophysical cues that trigger and regulate cell behaviors. Increasing evidence suggests that the 3D character of the microenvironment is required for development of many critical cell responses observed in vivo, fueling a surge in the development of functional and biomimetic materials for engineering the 3D cell microenvironment. Progress in the design of such materials has improved control of cell behaviors in 3D and advanced the fields of tissue regeneration, in vitro tissue models, large-scale cell differentiation, immunotherapy, and gene therapy. However, the field is still in its infancy, and discoveries about the nature of cell-microenvironment interactions continue to overturn much early progress in the field. Key challenges continue to be dissecting the roles of chemistry, structure, mechanics, and electrophysiology in the cell microenvironment, and understanding and harnessing the roles of periodicity and drift in these factors. This review encapsulates where recent advances appear to leave the ever-shifting state of the art, and it highlights areas in which substantial potential and uncertainty remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyou Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science,
Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical
Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufei Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Min Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Guorui Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials
and Structures, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Guy M. Genin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering &
Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis 63130, MO,
USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for
Engineering MechanoBiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis 63130,
MO, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
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184
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Naganathan SR, Oates AC. Mechanochemical coupling and developmental pattern formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coisb.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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185
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Das D, Chatti V, Emonet T, Holley SA. Patterned Disordered Cell Motion Ensures Vertebral Column Symmetry. Dev Cell 2017; 42:170-180.e5. [PMID: 28743003 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The biomechanics of posterior embryonic growth must be dynamically regulated to ensure bilateral symmetry of the spinal column. Throughout vertebrate trunk elongation, motile mesodermal progenitors undergo an order-to-disorder transition via an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and sort symmetrically into the left and right paraxial mesoderm. We combine theoretical modeling of cell migration in a tail-bud-like geometry with experimental data analysis to assess the importance of ordered and disordered cell motion. We find that increasing order in cell motion causes a phase transition from symmetric to asymmetric body elongation. In silico and in vivo, overly ordered cell motion converts normal anisotropic fluxes into stable vortices near the posterior tail bud, contributing to asymmetric cell sorting. Thus, disorder is a physical mechanism that ensures the bilateral symmetry of the spinal column. These physical properties of the tissue connect across scales such that patterned disorder at the cellular level leads to the emergence of organism-level order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipjyoti Das
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Veena Chatti
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thierry Emonet
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Scott A Holley
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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186
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Taormina MJ, Hay EA, Parthasarathy R. Passive and Active Microrheology of the Intestinal Fluid of the Larval Zebrafish. Biophys J 2017; 113:957-965. [PMID: 28834731 PMCID: PMC5567605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The fluids of the intestine serve as a physical barrier to pathogens, a medium for the diffusion of nutrients and metabolites, and an environment for commensal microbes. The rheological properties of intestinal mucus have therefore been the subject of many investigations, thus far limited to in vitro studies due to the difficulty of measurement in the natural context of the gut. This limitation especially hinders our understanding of how the gut microbiota interact with the intestinal space, since examination of this calls not only for in vivo measurement techniques, but for techniques that can be applied to model organisms in which the microbial state of the gut can be controlled. We have addressed this challenge with two complementary approaches. We performed passive microrheological measurements using thermally driven nanoparticles and active microrheology using micron-scale ellipsoidal magnetic microparticles, in both cases using light-sheet fluorescence microscopy to optically access the intestinal bulb of the larval zebrafish, a model vertebrate. We present viscosity measurements in germ-free animals (devoid of gut microbes), animals colonized by a single bacterial species, and conventionally reared animals, and find that in all cases, the mucin-rich intestinal liquid is well described as a Newtonian fluid. Surprisingly, despite known differences in the number of secretory cells in germ-free zebrafish and their conventional counterparts, the fluid viscosity for these two groups is very similar, as measured with either technique. Our study provides, to our knowledge, the first in vivo microrheological measurements of the intestinal space in living animals, and we comment on its implications for timescales of host-microbe interactions in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Taormina
- Department of Physics, Institute of Molecular Biology, Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Edouard A Hay
- Department of Physics, Institute of Molecular Biology, Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Raghuveer Parthasarathy
- Department of Physics, Institute of Molecular Biology, Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.
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187
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Stockinger P, Solon J. Tissue Morphogenesis: Take a Step Back and Relax! Curr Biol 2017; 27:R813-R815. [PMID: 28829970 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A recent study identified a molecular mechanism responsible for the relaxation of epithelia upon stretch. This relaxation is due to the activity of cytohesins, which locally inhibit actomyosin contractility at cellular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Stockinger
- Cell and Developmental Biology Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Jérôme Solon
- Cell and Developmental Biology Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
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188
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Coppola S, Carnevale I, Danen EHJ, Peters GJ, Schmidt T, Assaraf YG, Giovannetti E. A mechanopharmacology approach to overcome chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2017; 31:43-51. [PMID: 28867243 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly chemoresistant malignancy. This chemoresistant phenotype has been historically associated with genetic factors. Major biomedical research efforts were concentrated that resulted in the identification of subtypes characterized by specific genetic lesions and gene expression signatures that suggest important biological differences. However, to date, these distinct differences could not be exploited for therapeutic interventions. Apart from these genetic factors, desmoplasia and tumor microenvironment have been recognized as key contributors to PDAC chemoresistance. However, while several strategies targeting tumor-stroma have been explored including drugs against members of the Hedgehog family, they failed to meet the expectations in the clinical setting. These unsatisfactory clinical results suggest that, an important link between genetics and the influence of tumor microenvironment on PDAC chemoresistance remains to be elucidated. In this respect, mechanobiology is an emerging multidisciplinary field that encompasses cell and developmental biology as well as biophysics and bioengineering. Herein we provide a comprehensive overview of the key players in pancreatic cancer chemoresistance from the perspective of mechanobiology, and discuss novel experimental avenues such as elastic micropillar arrays that could provide fresh insights for the development of mechanobiology-targeted therapeutic approaches (know as mechanopharmacology) to overcome anticancer drug resistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Coppola
- Physics of Life Processes, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ilaria Carnevale
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Erik H J Danen
- Division of Toxicology, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Physics of Life Processes, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies, CNR-Nano, Pisa.
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189
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Hemery G, Keyes AC, Garaio E, Rodrigo I, Garcia JA, Plazaola F, Garanger E, Sandre O. Tuning Sizes, Morphologies, and Magnetic Properties of Monocore Versus Multicore Iron Oxide Nanoparticles through the Controlled Addition of Water in the Polyol Synthesis. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8232-8243. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gauvin Hemery
- LCPO, CNRS UMR 5629/Univ. Bordeaux/Bordeaux-INP, ENSCBP 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Anthony C. Keyes
- LCPO, CNRS UMR 5629/Univ. Bordeaux/Bordeaux-INP, ENSCBP 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Eneko Garaio
- Elektrizitatea
eta Elektronika Saila, UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Irati Rodrigo
- Elektrizitatea
eta Elektronika Saila, UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- BCMaterials, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Ed. 50, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Jose Angel Garcia
- BCMaterials, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Ed. 50, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Fisika Aplikatua II Saila, UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Elisabeth Garanger
- LCPO, CNRS UMR 5629/Univ. Bordeaux/Bordeaux-INP, ENSCBP 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Olivier Sandre
- LCPO, CNRS UMR 5629/Univ. Bordeaux/Bordeaux-INP, ENSCBP 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
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190
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191
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Hirashima T, Rens EG, Merks RMH. Cellular Potts modeling of complex multicellular behaviors in tissue morphogenesis. Dev Growth Differ 2017; 59:329-339. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hirashima
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences Kyoto University 53 Kawahara, Shogoin, Sakyo‐ku Kyoto 606‐8507 Japan
| | - Elisabeth G. Rens
- Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica Life Sciences Group Science Park 123 1098 XG Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Mathematical Institute Leiden University Niels Bohrweg 1 2333 CA Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Roeland M. H. Merks
- Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica Life Sciences Group Science Park 123 1098 XG Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Mathematical Institute Leiden University Niels Bohrweg 1 2333 CA Leiden the Netherlands
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192
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193
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Biomechanical properties measured in vivo. Nat Methods 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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194
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Bénazéraf B, Beaupeux M, Tchernookov M, Wallingford A, Salisbury T, Shirtz A, Shirtz A, Huss D, Pourquié O, François P, Lansford R. Multiscale quantification of tissue behavior during amniote embryo axis elongation. Development 2017; 144:4462-4472. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.150557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic axis elongation is a complex multi-tissue morphogenetic process responsible for the formation of the posterior part of the amniote body. How movements and growth are coordinated between the different posterior tissues (e.g. neural tube, axial and paraxial mesoderm, lateral plate, ectoderm, endoderm) to drive axis morphogenesis remain largely unknown. Here, we use quail embryos to quantify cell behavior and tissue movements during elongation. We quantify the tissue-specific contribution to axis elongation by using 3D volumetric techniques, then quantify tissue-specific parameters such as cell density and proliferation. To study cell behavior at a multi-tissue scale, we used high-resolution 4D imaging of transgenic quail embryos expressing fluorescent proteins. We developed specific tracking and image analysis techniques to analyze cell motion and compute tissue deformations in 4D. This analysis reveals extensive sliding between tissues during axis extension. Further quantification of tissue tectonics showed patterns of rotations, contractions and expansions, which are coherent with the multi-tissue behavior observed previously. Our approach defines a quantitative and multiscale method to analyze the coordination between tissue behaviors during early vertebrate embryo morphogenetic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Bénazéraf
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
- Department of Radiology and Developmental Neuroscience Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Mathias Beaupeux
- Ernest Rutherford Physics Building, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Tchernookov
- Ernest Rutherford Physics Building, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Allison Wallingford
- Department of Radiology and Developmental Neuroscience Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Tasha Salisbury
- Department of Radiology and Developmental Neuroscience Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Amelia Shirtz
- Department of Radiology and Developmental Neuroscience Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Andrew Shirtz
- Northern Michigan University Computer Science and Mathematics Department, Marquette, MI, 49855, USA
| | - David Huss
- Department of Radiology and Developmental Neuroscience Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paul François
- Ernest Rutherford Physics Building, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rusty Lansford
- Department of Radiology and Developmental Neuroscience Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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195
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Abstract
This mini-review discusses newly developed approaches to tuning hydrogel viscoelasticity and recent studies demonstrating an impact of viscoelasticity on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovijit Chaudhuri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
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