151
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Hu H, Gehart H, Artegiani B, LÖpez-Iglesias C, Dekkers F, Basak O, van Es J, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Begthel H, Korving J, van den Born M, Zou C, Quirk C, Chiriboga L, Rice CM, Ma S, Rios A, Peters PJ, de Jong YP, Clevers H. Long-Term Expansion of Functional Mouse and Human Hepatocytes as 3D Organoids. Cell 2018; 175:1591-1606.e19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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152
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Guo G, Zhou J, Yang X, Feng J, Shao Y, Jia T, Huang Q, Li Y, Zhong Y, Nagarkatti PS, Nagarkatti M. Role of MicroRNAs Induced by Chinese Herbal Medicines Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Brief Review. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1059-1067. [PMID: 30343602 PMCID: PMC6247546 DOI: 10.1177/1534735418805564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, noncoding small RNAs that regulate gene
expression, and consequently several important functions including early embryo
development, cell cycle, programmed cell death, cell differentiation, and
metabolism. While there are no effective treatments available against
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), some Chinese herbal medicines have been shown to
regulate growth, differentiation, invasion, and metastasis of HCC. Many studies
have shown that Chinese herbal medicines regulate the expression of miRNAs and
this may be associated with their ability to control the development of HCC. In
this article, the effects of Chinese herbal medicines on the expression of
miRNAs and their functions in the regulation of HCC have been reviewed and
discussed. miRNAs such as miRNA-221 and miRNA-222 mediated by Chinese herbal
medicines may be good biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Guo
- 1 Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Juhua Zhou
- 1 Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogaung Yang
- 2 Hangzhou Hesti Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Feng
- 2 Hangzhou Hesti Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Shao
- 1 Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Jia
- 1 Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- 1 Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Li
- 1 Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Zhong
- 3 University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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153
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O’Rourke JM, Sagar VM, Shah T, Shetty S. Carcinogenesis on the background of liver fibrosis: Implications for the management of hepatocellular cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4436-4447. [PMID: 30357021 PMCID: PMC6196335 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i39.4436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is now the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally and many patients have incurable disease. HCC predominantly occurs in the setting of liver cirrhosis and is a paradigm for inflammation-induced cancer. The causes of chronic liver disease promote the development of transformed or premalignant hepatocytes and predisposes to the development of HCC. For HCC to grow and progress it is now clear that it requires an immunosuppressive niche within the fibrogenic microenvironment of cirrhosis. The rationale for targeting this immunosuppression is supported by responses seen in recent trials with checkpoint inhibitors. With the impact of immunotherapy, HCC progression may be delayed and long term durable responses may be seen. This makes the management of the underlying liver cirrhosis in HCC even more crucial as studies demonstrate that measures of liver function are a major prognostic factor in HCC. In this review, we discuss the development of cancer in the setting of liver inflammation and fibrosis, reviewing the microenvironment that leads to this tumourigenic climate and the implications this has for patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Marie O’Rourke
- Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Vandana Mridhu Sagar
- Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Tahir Shah
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Shishir Shetty
- Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Biomedical Research, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
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154
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Muenzner JK, Kunze P, Lindner P, Polaschek S, Menke K, Eckstein M, Geppert CI, Chanvorachote P, Baeuerle T, Hartmann A, Schneider-Stock R. Generation and characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines with enhanced cancer stem cell potential. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:6238-6248. [PMID: 30280520 PMCID: PMC6237557 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes for cancer-related death worldwide with rapidly increasing incidence and mortality rates. As for other types of cancers, also in HCC cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible for tumour initiation, progression and therapy failure. However, as rare subpopulations of tumour tissue, CSCs are difficult to isolate, thus making the development of suitable and reliable model systems necessary. In our study, we generated HepG2 subclones with enriched CSC potential by application of the spheroid formation method and subsequent single-cell cloning. Analyses in several 2D and 3D cell culture systems as well as a panel of functional assays both in vitro and in vivo revealed that the generated subclones displayed characteristic and sustained features of tumour initiating cells as well as highly aggressive properties related to tumour progression and metastasis. These characteristics could clearly be correlated with the expression of CSC markers that might have prognostic value in the clinical HCC setting. Therefore, we conclude that our CSC enriched HepG2 clones certainly represent suitable model systems to study the role of CSCs during HCC initiation, progression and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julienne K Muenzner
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kunze
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pablo Lindner
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandra Polaschek
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kira Menke
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol I Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tobias Baeuerle
- Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen (PIPE), Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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155
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Wang W, Li S, Liu P, Sideras K, van de Werken HJG, van der Heide M, Cao W, Lavrijsen M, Peppelenbosch MP, Bruno M, Pan Q, Smits R. Oncogenic STRAP Supports Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth by Enhancing Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 17:521-531. [PMID: 30257989 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a key role in the onset and development of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), with about half of them acquiring mutations in either CTNNB1 or AXIN1. The serine/threonine kinase receptor-associated protein (STRAP), a scaffold protein, was recently shown to facilitate the aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colorectal cancers. However, the function of STRAP in HCC remains completely unknown. Here, increased levels of STRAP were observed in human and mouse HCCs. RNA sequencing of STRAP knockout clones generated by gene editing of Huh6 and Huh7 HCC cells revealed a significant reduction in expression of various metabolic and cell-cycle-related transcripts, in line with their general slower growth observed during culture. Importantly, Wnt/β-catenin signaling was impaired in all STRAP knockout/down cell lines tested, regardless of the underlying CTNNB1 or AXIN1 mutation. In accordance with β-catenin's role in (cancer) stem cell maintenance, the expressions of various stem cell markers, such as AXIN2 and LGR5, were reduced and concomitantly differentiation-associated genes were increased. Together, these results show that the increased STRAP protein levels observed in HCC provide growth advantage among others by enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These observations also identify STRAP as a new player in regulating β-catenin signaling in hepatocellular cancers. IMPLICATIONS: Elevated STRAP levels in hepatocellular cancers provide a growth advantage by enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pengyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kostandinos Sideras
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harmen J G van de Werken
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke van der Heide
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wanlu Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marla Lavrijsen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron Smits
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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156
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Necroptosis microenvironment directs lineage commitment in liver cancer. Nature 2018; 562:69-75. [PMID: 30209397 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer represents a major health problem. It comprises hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), which differ markedly with regards to their morphology, metastatic potential and responses to therapy. However, the regulatory molecules and tissue context that commit transformed hepatic cells towards HCC or ICC are largely unknown. Here we show that the hepatic microenvironment epigenetically shapes lineage commitment in mosaic mouse models of liver tumorigenesis. Whereas a necroptosis-associated hepatic cytokine microenvironment determines ICC outgrowth from oncogenically transformed hepatocytes, hepatocytes containing identical oncogenic drivers give rise to HCC if they are surrounded by apoptotic hepatocytes. Epigenome and transcriptome profiling of mouse HCC and ICC singled out Tbx3 and Prdm5 as major microenvironment-dependent and epigenetically regulated lineage-commitment factors, a function that is conserved in humans. Together, our results provide insight into lineage commitment in liver tumorigenesis, and explain molecularly why common liver-damaging risk factors can lead to either HCC or ICC.
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157
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Nepal C, O’Rourke CJ, Oliveira DVNP, Taranta A, Shema S, Gautam P, Calderaro J, Barbour A, Raggi C, Wennerberg K, Wang XW, Lautem A, Roberts LR, Andersen JB. Genomic perturbations reveal distinct regulatory networks in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology 2018; 68:949-963. [PMID: 29278425 PMCID: PMC6599967 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma remains a highly heterogeneous malignancy that has eluded effective patient stratification to date. The extent to which such heterogeneity can be influenced by individual driver mutations remains to be evaluated. Here, we analyzed genomic (whole-exome sequencing, targeted exome sequencing) and epigenomic data from 496 patients and used the three most recurrently mutated genes to stratify patients (IDH, KRAS, TP53, "undetermined"). Using this molecular dissection approach, each subgroup was determined to possess unique mutational signature preferences, comutation profiles, and enriched pathways. High-throughput drug repositioning in seven patient-matched cell lines, chosen to reflect the genetic alterations specific for each patient group, confirmed in silico predictions of subgroup-specific vulnerabilities linked to enriched pathways. Intriguingly, patients lacking all three mutations ("undetermined") harbored the most extensive structural alterations, while isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant tumors displayed the most extensive DNA methylome dysregulation, consistent with previous findings. CONCLUSION Stratification of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients based on occurrence of mutations in three classifier genes (IDH, KRAS, TP53) revealed unique oncogenic programs (mutational, structural, epimutational) that influence pharmacologic response in drug repositioning protocols; this genome dissection approach highlights the potential of individual mutations to induce extensive molecular heterogeneity and could facilitate advancement of therapeutic response in this dismal disease. (Hepatology 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Nepal
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Colm J. O’Rourke
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Douglas VNP Oliveira
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Andrzej Taranta
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Steven Shema
- Center for Cancer Research Genomics Core, National Cancer Institute, NIH Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Prson Gautam
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julien Calderaro
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Pathology, CHU Henri Mondor, F-94000, Créteil, France,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France,Inserm U955 Equipe 18, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | | | - Chiara Raggi
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xin W. Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Anja Lautem
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Lewis R. Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jesper B. Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark,Corresponding author: Jesper B Andersen, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) Department of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N Denmark, Phone: +45 35325834,
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158
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Clouth J, Liepa AM, Moeser G, Friedel H, Bernzen M, Trojan J, Garal-Pantaler E. Hepatocellular carcinoma after prior sorafenib treatment: incidence, healthcare utilisation and costs from German statutory health insurance claims data. HEALTH ECONOMICS REVIEW 2018; 8:18. [PMID: 30151607 PMCID: PMC6111015 DOI: 10.1186/s13561-018-0199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate both the number of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) eligible annually for second-line therapy following sorafenib in Germany and the healthcare costs accrued by patients meeting eligibility criteria. METHODS Patients with an HCC diagnosis and one or more sorafenib prescription were identified from samples of > 3 million insured persons in each of 2012, 2013 and 2014 using the anonymised Betriebskrankenkasse health insurance scheme database. Incidence rates from 2013 were extrapolated to the German population using data from the statutory health insurance system database and Robert Koch Institute. Resource use and cost data were collected for a subset of patients with follow-up data post-sorafenib. RESULTS Between 1032 and 1484 patients with HCC in Germany (893-1390 publicly insured patients) were estimated as likely to be eligible for second-line therapy after sorafenib annually. For post-sorafenib analyses, 117 patients were identified with HCC, one or more sorafenib prescription and considered potentially eligible for second-line treatment, 15 of whom were alive after 12 months' follow-up. Total mean costs per patient accrued in the 12 months after sorafenib treatment ended were €11,152 (hospital care, €6483 [58.1%]; outpatient prescriptions, €3137 [28.1%]). CONCLUSION The estimated number of publicly insured HCC patients annually eligible for second-line therapy in Germany was < 1400 and mean total costs accrued in the year after completion of sorafenib therapy were approximately €11,000 per patient for the German statutory healthcare system. These estimates can be used when evaluating the budgetary impact of new second-line therapies for advanced HCC in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Clouth
- Medical Affairs, Lilly Deutschland GmbH, Werner-Reimers-Str. 2-4, 61352 Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - Astra M. Liepa
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA
| | - Guido Moeser
- masem Research Institute GmbH, Unter den Eichen 5/G, D-65195 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Heiko Friedel
- Team Gesundheit GmbH, Rellinghauser Straße 93, 45128 Essen, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Trojan
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Medizinische Klinik 1, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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159
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Yao R, Zou H, Liao W. Prospect of Circular RNA in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Novel Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2018; 8:332. [PMID: 30191143 PMCID: PMC6115511 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CircRNA, a kind of tissue specific and covalently closed circular non-coding RNA is very abundant in eukaryocyte. Generally, circRNA is generated by back-splicing of protein-coding genes' pre-mRNA. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. Due to the characteristics of poor prognosis and high recurrence, the pathogenesis of HCC is highly concerned by researchers worldwide. Recent studies demonstrated that numerous circRNAs were differentially expressed in HCC tissues and normal liver tissues, which is closely related with the development and prognosis of HCC. However, the mechanism of circRNA in HCC remains unclear. In this review, we summarized the abnormal expressions of circRNAs in HCC, discussed its role, and potential mechanisms, and tried to explore the prospective values of circRNA in the diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzhi Yao
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Haifan Zou
- Department of Science Experiment Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Weijia Liao
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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160
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Wu MY, Yiang GT, Cheng PW, Chu PY, Li CJ. Molecular Targets in Hepatocarcinogenesis and Implications for Therapy. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7080213. [PMID: 30104473 PMCID: PMC6112027 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7080213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocarcinogenesis comprises of multiple, complex steps that occur after liver injury and usually involve several pathways, including telomere dysfunction, cell cycle, WNT/β-catenin signaling, oxidative stress and mitochondria dysfunction, autophagy, apoptosis, and AKT/mTOR signaling. Following liver injury, gene mutations, accumulation of oxidative stress, and local inflammation lead to cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and necrosis. The persistence of this vicious cycle in turn leads to further gene mutation and dysregulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-18, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, resulting in immune escape by means of the NF-κB and inflammasome signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize studies focusing on the roles of hepatocarcinogenesis and the immune system in liver cancer. In addition, we furnish an overview of recent basic and clinical studies to provide a strong foundation to develop novel anti-carcinogenesis targets for further treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yu Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Giuo-Teng Yiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Wen Cheng
- Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care & Management, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 704, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Jung Li
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
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161
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Ashida R, Okamura Y, Ohshima K, Kakuda Y, Uesaka K, Sugiura T, Ito T, Yamamoto Y, Sugino T, Urakami K, Kusuhara M, Yamaguchi K. CYP3A4 Gene Is a Novel Biomarker for Predicting a Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 14:445-453. [PMID: 29109094 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Project HOPE (High-tech Omics-based Patient Evaluation) began in 2014 using integrated gene expression profiling (GEP) of cancer tissues as well as diathesis of each patient who underwent operation at our Institution. The aim of this study was to identify novel genes displaying altered gene expression related to the survival and early recurrence after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using the results of integrated GEP analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study included 92 patients. Genes with aberrant expression were selected by the difference of expression levels with ≥10-fold change between tumor and non-tumor tissues. RESULTS GEP analysis showed that down-regulation was frequently observed in the PRSS8 (64%), CYP3A4 (61%) and EPCAM (57%) genes. Multivariate analysis revealed tumor stage ≥II (p=0.008) and down-regulation of the CYP3A4 gene (p=0.036) as independent predictor for overall survival. Furthermore, multivariate analysis identified maximum tumor diameter ≥74mm (p=0.008), presence of intrahepatic-metastasis (p=0.020), and down-regulation of CYP3A4 gene (p=0.019) as independent predictors for early recurrence. CONCLUSION CYP3A4 was identified as a novel tumor suppressor gene related to a poor prognosis in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ashida
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiyasu Okamura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ohshima
- Medical Genetics Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Kakuda
- Division of Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Uesaka
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Teiichi Sugiura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ito
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugino
- Division of Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Urakami
- Cancer Diagnostics Research Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kusuhara
- Regional Resources Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaguchi
- Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital and Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
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Mizuguchi A, Takai A, Shimizu T, Matsumoto T, Kumagai K, Miyamoto S, Seno H, Marusawa H. Genetic features of multicentric/multifocal intramucosal gastric carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1923-1934. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Mizuguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGraduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyoto Japan
| | - Atsushi Takai
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGraduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyoto Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGraduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyoto Japan
| | - Tomonori Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGraduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyoto Japan
| | - Ken Kumagai
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGraduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyoto Japan
| | - Shin'ichi Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGraduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyoto Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGraduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyoto Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Marusawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGraduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyoto Japan
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163
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The role of molecular enrichment on future therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2018; 69:237-247. [PMID: 29505843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) are characterised by considerable phenotypic and molecular heterogeneity. Treating HCC and designing clinical trials are particularly challenging because co-existing liver disease, present in most patients, limits aggressive therapeutic options. Positive results in recent phase III clinical trials have confirmed the high value of anti-angiogenic therapies for HCC in both first (sorafenib and lenvatinib) and second line (regorafenib and cabozantinib) treatment modalities. However, failure of several large randomised controlled clinical trials over the last 10 years underlines the necessity for innovative treatment strategies and implementation of translational findings to overcome the unmet clinical need. Furthermore, the promising results from novel immunotherapies are likely to complement the landscape of active compounds for HCC and will require a completely different approach to patients, as well as the development of prognostic/predictive biomarkers. Given our increasing understanding of the most abundant molecular alterations in HCC, effective enrichment of patients based on clinical and molecular biomarkers, as well as adaptive clinical trials, are now feasible and should be implemented. Herein, we aim to review important aspects of precision medicine approaches in HCC that might contribute to improving the molecular subclassification of patients in a clinical trial setting and pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies.
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164
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Liu M, Bamodu OA, Kuo KT, Lee WH, Lin YK, Wu ATH, M H, Tzeng YM, Yeh CT, Tsai JT. Downregulation of Cancer Stemness by Novel Diterpenoid Ovatodiolide Inhibits Hepatic Cancer Stem Cell-Like Traits by Repressing Wnt/[Formula: see text]-Catenin Signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:891-910. [PMID: 29792038 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The hierarchical tumor propagation or cancer stem cells (CSCs) model of carcinogenesis postulates that like physiologic adult stem cell (ASC), the CSCs positioned at the apex of any tumor population form the crux of tumor evolution with a constitutive regenerative capacity and differentiation potential. The propagation and recurrence of the characteristically heterogeneous and therapy-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), adds to accumulating evidence to support this CSCs model. Based on the multi-etiologic basis of HCC formation which among others, focuses on the disruption of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, this study evaluated the role of cembrane-type phytochemical, Ovatodiolide, in the modulation of the Wnt/[Formula: see text]-catenin pathway, and its subsequent effect on liver CSCs' activities. Our fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and quantitative RT-PCR analyses of side population (SP) indicated that CD133+ cells were [Formula: see text]-catenin-overexpressing, more aggressive, and resistant to the conventional anticancer agents, Cisplatin and Doxorubicin, when compared to [Formula: see text]-catenin-downregulated group. We demonstrated that marked upregulation of [Formula: see text]-catenin and its downstream targets effectively enhanced hepatosphere formation, with an associated induction of CD133, OCT4 and Sox2 expression and also caused an significant enhancement of HCC proliferation. However, treatment with Ovatodiolide induced downregulation of [Formula: see text]-catenin and its downstream effector genes, abolished hepatosphere formation and reversed the [Formula: see text]-catenin-associated enhancement of HCC growth. In summary, we demonstrated for the first time that Ovatodiolide suppressed the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, and inhibited the generation of liver CSCs; Thus, projecting Ovatodiolide as a putatively effective therapeutic agent for anti-HCC target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingche Liu
- * Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,† Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,‡‡ Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu
- §§ Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,¶¶ Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Tai Kuo
- ‡ Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hwa Lee
- § Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Kuang Lin
- ¶ Biostatistics and Research Consultation Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexander T H Wu
- ∥ The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao M
- ∥∥ Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yew-Min Tzeng
- *** Center for General Education, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan.,††† Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- §§ Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,¶¶ Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Ting Tsai
- ** Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,†† Department of Radiation Oncology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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165
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Mukaida N, Nakamoto Y. Emergence of immunotherapy as a novel way to treat hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:1839-1858. [PMID: 29740200 PMCID: PMC5937202 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i17.1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunity proceeds through multiple processes, which consist of antigen presentation by antigen presenting cells (APCs) to educate effector cells and destruction by the effector cytotoxic cells. However, tumor immunity is frequently repressed at tumor sites. Malignantly transformed cells rarely survive the attack by the immune system, but cells that do survive change their phenotypes to reduce their immunogenicity. The resultant cells evade the attack by the immune system and form clinically discernible tumors. Tumor microenvironments simultaneously contain a wide variety of immune suppressive molecules and cells to dampen tumor immunity. Moreover, the liver microenvironment exhibits immune tolerance to reduce aberrant immune responses to massively-exposed antigens via the portal vein, and immune dysfunction is frequently associated with liver cirrhosis, which is widespread in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Immune therapy aims to reduce tumor burden, but it is also expected to prevent non-cancerous liver lesions from progressing to HCC, because HCC develops or recurs from non-cancerous liver lesions with chronic inflammatory states and/or cirrhosis and these lesions cannot be cured and/or eradicated by local and/or systemic therapies. Nevertheless, cancer immune therapy should augment specific tumor immunity by using two distinct measures: enhancing the effector cell functions such as antigen presentation capacity of APCs and tumor cell killing capacity of cytotoxic cells, and reactivating the immune system in immune-suppressive tumor microenvironments. Here, we will summarize the current status and discuss the future perspective on immune therapy for HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance/genetics
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Immunotherapy/trends
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yasunari Nakamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
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166
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Ashida R, Okamura Y, Ohshima K, Kakuda Y, Uesaka K, Sugiura T, Ito T, Yamamoto Y, Sugino T, Urakami K, Kusuhara M, Yamaguchi K. The down-regulation of the CYP2C19 gene is associated with aggressive tumor potential and the poorer recurrence-free survival of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22058-22068. [PMID: 29774122 PMCID: PMC5955155 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Project HOPE (High-tech Omics-based Patient Evaluation) began in 2014 using integrated gene expression profiling (GEP) of cancer tissues as well as diathesis of each patient who underwent an operation at our institution. The aim of this study was to clarify the association between the expression of cytochrome P450s (CYP) genes and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study included 92 patients. Genes with aberrant expression were selected based on a ≥10-fold difference in the expression between tumor and non-tumor tissues. The GEP analysis showed that the down-regulated genes in tumor tissue were CYP3A4 in 56 patients (61%), CYP2C8 in 44 patients (48%), CYP2C19 in 30 patients (33%), CYP2D6 in 11 patients (12%), CYP3A5 in 7 patients (8%) and CYP1B1 in 2 patients (2%). There was no patients with down-regulation of the CYP17A1 gene. A multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of microscopic portal invasion (hazard ratio [HR] 2.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30–5.05 P = 0.006), the presence of intrahepatic-metastasis (HR 3.09 95% CI 1.52–6.29 P = 0.002) and down-regulation of the CYP2C19 gene (HR 3.69 95% CI 1.83–7.46 P < 0.001) were independent predictors for the recurrence-free survival (RFS). The down-regulation of the CYP2C19 gene were correlated with the RFS in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ashida
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yukiyasu Okamura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ohshima
- Medical Genetics Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Kakuda
- Division of Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Uesaka
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Teiichi Sugiura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ito
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugino
- Division of Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Urakami
- Cancer Diagnostics Research Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kusuhara
- Regional Resources Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaguchi
- Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital and Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
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167
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Seino S, Tsuchiya A, Watanabe Y, Kawata Y, Kojima Y, Ikarashi S, Yanai H, Nakamura K, Kumaki D, Hirano M, Funakoshi K, Aono T, Sakai T, Sakata J, Takamura M, Kawai H, Yamagiwa S, Wakai T, Terai S. Clinical outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma can be predicted by the expression of hepatic progenitor cell markers and serum tumour markers. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21844-21860. [PMID: 29774107 PMCID: PMC5955154 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The high heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) complicates stratification of HCC patients for treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive panel of HCC biomarkers related to tumour behaviour and cancer prognosis. Resected HCCs from 251 patients were stained for hepatic progenitor cell (HPC) markers epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1), and cytokeratin 19 (CK19). Staining patterns were analysed for their prognostic association with relapse-free survival and overall survival. α-Fetoprotein (AFP), lectin-reactive α-fetoprotein (AFP-L3), and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) were assessed as indicators of HPC protein expression. Expression pattern of HPC markers correlated with tumour malignancy indicated by high AFP/AFP-L3 serum levels, more frequent vascular invasion, and poorer tumour differentiation. EpCAM expression, DCP ≥300 mAU/ml, age ≥60, and Child-Pugh score grade B or C were independent prognostic factors of poor outcome and were used in a new scoring system for HCC prognosis after operation. Expression of two or more HPC markers was a significant predictor of poor HCC outcome and serum levels of AFP/AFP-L3 correlated with the expression of HPC proteins. Our study paved the way for further elucidation of the association among HPC markers, serum tumour markers, and HCC clinical outcome for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Seino
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Atsunori Tsuchiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuzo Kawata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kojima
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shunzo Ikarashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yanai
- Drug Discovery Laboratories, Chiome Bioscience Inc., 907 Nogawa, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa 216-0001, Japan
| | - Koji Nakamura
- Drug Discovery Laboratories, Chiome Bioscience Inc., 907 Nogawa, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa 216-0001, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kumaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata Prefectural Central Hospital, Joetsu-Shi, Niigata 943-0147, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hirano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata Prefectural Central Hospital, Joetsu-Shi, Niigata 943-0147, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Funakoshi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata Prefectural Central Hospital, Joetsu-Shi, Niigata 943-0147, Japan
| | - Takashi Aono
- Division of Surgery, Niigata Prefectural Central Hospital, Joetsu-Shi, Niigata 943-0147, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakai
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata Prefectural Central Hospital, Joetsu-Shi, Niigata 943-0147, Japan
| | - Jun Sakata
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masaaki Takamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kawai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamagiwa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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168
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Castven D, Fischer M, Becker D, Heinrich S, Andersen JB, Strand D, Sprinzl MF, Strand S, Czauderna C, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Roessler S, Weinmann A, Wörns MA, Thorgeirsson SS, Galle PR, Matter MS, Lang H, Marquardt JU. Adverse genomic alterations and stemness features are induced by field cancerization in the microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinomas. Oncotarget 2018; 8:48688-48700. [PMID: 28415775 PMCID: PMC5564717 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) commonly develops in chronically damaged liver tissues. The resulting regenerative and inflammatory processes create an adverse milieu that promotes tumor-initiation and progression. A better understanding of the hepatic tumor-microenvironment interaction might infer profound therapeutic implications. Integrative whole genome and transcriptome analyses of different tumor regions, the invasive tumor border and tumor-surrounding liver (SL) were performed to identify associated molecular alterations and integrated with our existing HCC database. Expression levels and localization of established CSC markers were assessed in pre-neoplastic lesions and confirmed in two independent patient cohorts using qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Our results indicate that genomic and transcriptomic profiles between SL and different tumor regions are quite distinct. Progressive increase in genetic alterations and activation of pathways related to proliferation as well as apoptosis were observed in the tumor tissue, while activation of stemness markers was present in cirrhotic SL and continuously decreased from pre-neoplastic lesions to HCC. Interestingly, the invasive tumor border was characterized by inflammatory and EMT-related gene sets as well as activation of pro-survival signaling. Consistently, integration of gene expression signatures with two independent HCC databases containing 300 HCCs revealed that border signatures are predictive of HCC patient survival. Prognostic significance of the permissive liver microenvironment might be a consequence of a pro-oncogenic field effect that is caused by chronic regenerative processes. Activation of key oncogenic features and immune-response signaling indicates that the cross-talk between tumor and microenvironment might be a promising therapeutic and/or preventive target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Castven
- Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Fischer
- Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Diana Becker
- Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Heinrich
- Department of Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Department of Health and Medical Science, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis Strand
- Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin F Sprinzl
- Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Strand
- Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carolin Czauderna
- Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Human Genetics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arndt Weinmann
- Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus A Wörns
- Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Snorri S Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter R Galle
- Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Hauke Lang
- Department of Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens U Marquardt
- Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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169
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Optimisation of quantitative miRNA panels to consolidate the diagnostic surveillance of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196081. [PMID: 29672637 PMCID: PMC5908085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating microRNAs (miRNA) are biomarkers for several neoplastic diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We performed a literature search, followed by experimental screening and validation in order to establish a miRNA panel in combination with the assessment of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and to evaluate its performance in HCC diagnostics. Methods Expression of miRNAs was quantified by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in 406 serum samples from 118 Vietnamese patients with hepatitis B (HBV)-related HCC, 69 patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC), 100 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and 119 healthy controls (HC). Results Three miRNAs (mir-21, mir-122, mir-192) were expressed differentially among the studied subgroups and positively correlated with AFP levels. The individual miRNAs mir-21, mir-122, mir192 or the triplex miRNA panel showed high diagnostic accuracy for HCC (HCC vs. CHB, AUC = 0.906; HCC vs. CHB+LC, AUC = 0.81; HCC vs. CHB+LC+HC, AUC = 0.854). When AFP levels were ≤20ng/ml, the triplex miRNA panel still was accurate in distinguishing HCC from the other conditions (CHB, AUC = 0.922; CHB+LC, AUC = 0.836; CHB+LC+HC, AUC = 0.862). When AFP levels were used in combination with the triplex miRNA panel, the diagnostic performance was significantly improved in discriminating HCC from the other groups (LC, AUC = 0.887; CHB, AUC = 0.948; CHB+LC, AUC = 0.887). Conclusions The three miRNAs mir-21, mir-122, mir-192, together with AFP, are biomarkers that may be applied to improve diagnostics of HCC in HBV patients, especially in HBV-related LC patients with normal AFP levels or HCC patients with small tumor sizes.
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170
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Ishihara E, Nishina H. The Hippo-YAP Pathway Regulates 3D Organ Formation and Homeostasis. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040122. [PMID: 29673177 PMCID: PMC5923377 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate body shape is formed by the specific sizes and shapes of its resident tissues and organs, whose alignments are essential for proper functioning. To maintain tissue and organ shape, and thereby function, it is necessary to remove senescent, transformed, and/or damaged cells, which impair function and can lead to tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying three-dimensional (3D) organ formation and homeostasis are not fully clear. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional co-activator that is involved in organ size control and tumorigenesis. Recently, we reported that YAP is essential for proper 3D body shape through regulation of cell tension by using a unique medaka fish mutant, hirame (hir). In Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells, active YAP-transformed cells are eliminated apically when surrounded by normal cells. Furthermore, in a mosaic mouse model, active YAP-expressing damaged hepatocytes undergo apoptosis and are eliminated from the liver. Thus, YAP functions in quantitative and quality control in organogenesis. In this review, we describe the various roles of YAP in vertebrates, including in the initiation of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ishihara
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nishina
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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171
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Zhong L, Wang Y, Cheng Y, Wang W, Lu B, Zhu L, Ma Y. Circular RNA circC3P1 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma growth and metastasis through miR-4641/PCK1 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:1044-1049. [PMID: 29608893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the recent years, increasing evidences identify circular RNAs (circRNAs) as a class of important regulators in various human cancers. Nevertheless, the functions and mechanisms of most circRNAs in cancer cells remain largely unknown. In this study, we found out a significantly downregulated circRNA circC3P1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. And our results indicated that circC3P1 expression level was negatively correlated with TNM stage, tumor size and vascular invasion in HCC. Moreover, we found that circC3P1 overexpression dramatically inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. In terms of mechanism, we found that circC3P1 could promote PCK1 expression through sponging miR-4641 in HCC cells. We showed that miR-4641 expression was negatively correlated with that of either circC3P1 or PCK1 in HCC tissues. Finally, by functional experiments, we demonstrated that knockdown of PCK1 significantly attenuated the effects of circC3P1 overexpression on HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In summary, our findings illustrated that circC3P1 acts as a tumor suppressor via enhancing PCK1 expression by sponging miR-4641 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhong
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Forth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Forth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Forth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wen Wang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Baoling Lu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Forth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Forth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Yingji Ma
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Forth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
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172
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O'Rourke CJ, Munoz-Garrido P, Aguayo EL, Andersen JB. Epigenome dysregulation in cholangiocarcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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173
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Gingold JA, Zhu D, Lee DF, Kaseb A, Chen J. Genomic Profiling and Metabolic Homeostasis in Primary Liver Cancers. Trends Mol Med 2018. [PMID: 29530485 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), the two most common primary liver cancers, represent the second most common cancer-related cause of death worldwide, with most cases being diagnosed at an advanced stage. Recent genome-wide studies have helped to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis and genetic heterogeneity of liver cancers. This review of the genetic landscape of HCC and iCCA discusses the most recent findings from genomic profiling and the current understanding of the pathways involved in the initiation and progression of liver cancer. We highlight recent insights gained from metabolic profiling of HCC and iCCA. This knowledge will be key to developing clinically useful diagnostic/prognostic profiles, building targeted molecular and immunologic therapies, and ultimately curing these complex and heterogeneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian A Gingold
- Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dung-Fang Lee
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ahmed Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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174
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Han B, Chao J, Yao H. Circular RNA and its mechanisms in disease: From the bench to the clinic. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 187:31-44. [PMID: 29406246 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 568] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The emerging recognition of the functional roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has given rise to a new perspective regarding our understanding of cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis. Unlike linear RNAs, circRNAs are covalently closed continuous loops that act as gene regulators in mammals, and their sequence composition determines the mode of circRNA biogenesis. The availability and integrated use of advanced genome analysis platforms have allowed the identification of a large number of these molecules. Their high abundance, stability and evolutionary conservation among species endow circRNAs with numerous potential functions, such as acting as microRNA (miRNA) sponges or binding to RNA-associated proteins to form RNA-protein complexes that regulate gene transcription. Moreover, circRNAs have been shown to be expressed in a tissue-specific manner and in pathological conditions, which has stimulated significant interest in their role in human disease and cancer. In this concise review, we outline the characteristics, functions and mechanisms of action of circRNAs as well as their involvement in different diseases. Although their exact roles and mechanisms of gene regulation remain to be clarified, circRNAs have potential applications as disease biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Chao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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175
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Cao K, Tait SWG. Apoptosis and Cancer: Force Awakens, Phantom Menace, or Both? INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 337:135-152. [PMID: 29551159 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic cell death serves as an important tumor suppressor mechanism at multiple steps during cancer progression. Equally, engagement of apoptosis represents a potent therapeutic effector mechanism. Nevertheless, the role of apoptosis in cancer may be more complex than previously thought. Indeed, various studies have found that apoptosis signaling also has oncogenic potential. In this review, we discuss how apoptosis can promote cancer and how these effects might be targeted to optimize apoptosis-inducing anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cao
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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176
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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177
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Merdrignac A, Angenard G, Allain C, Petitjean K, Bergeat D, Bellaud P, Fautrel A, Turlin B, Clément B, Dooley S, Sulpice L, Boudjema K, Coulouarn C. A novel transforming growth factor beta-induced long noncoding RNA promotes an inflammatory microenvironment in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:254-269. [PMID: 29507901 PMCID: PMC5831019 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a deadly liver primary cancer associated with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic opportunities. Active transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling is a hallmark of the iCCA microenvironment. However, the impact of TGFβ on the transcriptome of iCCA tumor cells has been poorly investigated. Here, we have identified a specific TGFβ signature of genes commonly deregulated in iCCA cell lines, namely HuCCT1 and Huh28. Novel coding and noncoding TGFβ targets were identified, including a TGFβ-induced long noncoding RNA (TLINC), formerly known as cancer susceptibility candidate 15 (CASC15). TLINC is a general target induced by TGFβ in hepatic and nonhepatic cell types. In iCCA cell lines, the expression of a long and short TLINC isoform was associated with an epithelial or mesenchymal phenotype, respectively. Both isoforms were detected in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The long isoform of TLINC was associated with a migratory phenotype in iCCA cell lines and with the induction of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 8, both in vitro and in resected human iCCA. TLINC was also identified as a tumor marker expressed in both epithelial and stroma cells. In nontumor livers, TLINC was only expressed in specific portal areas with signs of ductular reaction and inflammation. Finally, we provide experimental evidence of circular isoforms of TLINC, both in iCCA cells treated with TGFβ and in resected human iCCA. Conclusion: We identify a novel TGFβ-induced long noncoding RNA up-regulated in human iCCA and associated with an inflammatory microenvironment. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:254-269).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Merdrignac
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INRA, Université de Rennes, CHU Rennes, UMR 1241, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, Service de Chirurgie Hépatobiliaire et Digestive, Biosit, Biogenouest, Core Facility H2P2 and CRB Santé Rennes France
| | - Gaëlle Angenard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INRA, Université de Rennes, CHU Rennes, UMR 1241, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, Service de Chirurgie Hépatobiliaire et Digestive, Biosit, Biogenouest, Core Facility H2P2 and CRB Santé Rennes France
| | - Coralie Allain
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INRA, Université de Rennes, CHU Rennes, UMR 1241, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, Service de Chirurgie Hépatobiliaire et Digestive, Biosit, Biogenouest, Core Facility H2P2 and CRB Santé Rennes France
| | - Kilian Petitjean
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INRA, Université de Rennes, CHU Rennes, UMR 1241, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, Service de Chirurgie Hépatobiliaire et Digestive, Biosit, Biogenouest, Core Facility H2P2 and CRB Santé Rennes France
| | - Damien Bergeat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INRA, Université de Rennes, CHU Rennes, UMR 1241, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, Service de Chirurgie Hépatobiliaire et Digestive, Biosit, Biogenouest, Core Facility H2P2 and CRB Santé Rennes France
| | - Pascale Bellaud
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INRA, Université de Rennes, CHU Rennes, UMR 1241, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, Service de Chirurgie Hépatobiliaire et Digestive, Biosit, Biogenouest, Core Facility H2P2 and CRB Santé Rennes France
| | - Allain Fautrel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INRA, Université de Rennes, CHU Rennes, UMR 1241, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, Service de Chirurgie Hépatobiliaire et Digestive, Biosit, Biogenouest, Core Facility H2P2 and CRB Santé Rennes France
| | - Bruno Turlin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INRA, Université de Rennes, CHU Rennes, UMR 1241, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, Service de Chirurgie Hépatobiliaire et Digestive, Biosit, Biogenouest, Core Facility H2P2 and CRB Santé Rennes France
| | - Bruno Clément
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INRA, Université de Rennes, CHU Rennes, UMR 1241, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, Service de Chirurgie Hépatobiliaire et Digestive, Biosit, Biogenouest, Core Facility H2P2 and CRB Santé Rennes France
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Laurent Sulpice
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INRA, Université de Rennes, CHU Rennes, UMR 1241, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, Service de Chirurgie Hépatobiliaire et Digestive, Biosit, Biogenouest, Core Facility H2P2 and CRB Santé Rennes France
| | - Karim Boudjema
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INRA, Université de Rennes, CHU Rennes, UMR 1241, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, Service de Chirurgie Hépatobiliaire et Digestive, Biosit, Biogenouest, Core Facility H2P2 and CRB Santé Rennes France
| | - Cédric Coulouarn
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INRA, Université de Rennes, CHU Rennes, UMR 1241, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, Service de Chirurgie Hépatobiliaire et Digestive, Biosit, Biogenouest, Core Facility H2P2 and CRB Santé Rennes France
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178
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Deregulation of Frizzled Receptors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010313. [PMID: 29361730 PMCID: PMC5796257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have a substantial role in tumorigenesis and are described as a “cancer driver”. Aberrant expression or activation of GPCRs leads to the deregulation of downstream signaling pathways, thereby promoting cancer progression. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the Wnt signaling pathway is frequently activated and it is associated with an aggressive HCC phenotype. Frizzled (FZD) receptors, a family member of GPCRs, are known to mediate Wnt signaling. Accumulating findings have revealed the deregulation of FZD receptors in HCC and their functional roles have been implicated in HCC progression. Given the important role of FZD receptors in HCC, we summarize here the expression pattern of FZD receptors in HCC and their corresponding functional roles during HCC progression. We also further review and highlight the potential targeting of FZD receptors as an alternative therapeutic strategy in HCC.
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179
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Fu Y, Silverstein S, McCutcheon JN, Dyba M, Nath RG, Aggarwal M, Coia H, Bai A, Pan J, Jiang J, Kallakury B, Wang H, Zhang YW, Giaccone G, He AR, Chung FL. An endogenous DNA adduct as a prognostic biomarker for hepatocarcinogenesis and its prevention by Theaphenon E in mice. Hepatology 2018; 67:159-170. [PMID: 28718980 PMCID: PMC5912673 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, mainly because of its poor prognosis. A valid mechanism-based prognostic biomarker is urgently needed. γ-hydroxy-1,N2 -propanodeoxyguanosine (γ-OHPdG) is an endogenously formed mutagenic DNA adduct derived from lipid peroxidation. We examined the relationship of γ-OHPdG with hepatocarcinogenesis in two animal models and its potential role as a prognostic biomarker for recurrence in HCC patients. Bioassays were conducted in xeroderma pigmentosum group A knockout mice and diethylnitrosamine-injected mice, both prone to HCC development. γ-OHPdG levels in the livers of these animals were determined. The effects of antioxidant treatments on γ-OHPdG and hepatocarcinogenesis were examined. Using two independent sets of HCC specimens from patients, we examined the relationship between γ-OHPdG and survival or recurrence-free survival. γ-OHPdG levels in liver DNA showed an age-dependent increase and consistently correlated with HCC development in all three animal models. Theaphenon E treatment significantly decreased γ-OHPdG levels in the liver DNA of xeroderma pigmentosum group A knockout mice and remarkably reduced HCC incidence in these mice to 14% from 100% in the controls. It also effectively inhibited HCC development in the diethylnitrosamine-injected mice. Using clinical samples from two groups of patients, our study revealed that higher levels of γ-OHPdG are strongly associated with low survival (P < 0.0001) and low recurrence-free survival (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION These results support γ-OHPdG as a mechanism-based, biologically relevant biomarker for predicting the risk of HCC and its recurrence. (Hepatology 2018;67:159-170).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed. Dr. Fung-Lung Chung, Dept. of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road, LL 128A, Box 571465, Washington, D. C. 20057. Tel.: 202-687-3021; Fax: 202-687-1068; . Dr. Ying Fu, Dept. of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road, LL 128A, Box 571465, Washington, D. C. 20057. Tel.: 202-230-2320; Fax: 202-687-1068;
| | - Shana Silverstein
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Justine N. McCutcheon
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Marcin Dyba
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Raghu G. Nath
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Monika Aggarwal
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Heidi Coia
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Angela Bai
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jishen Pan
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jiji Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Hongkun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Giuseppe Giaccone
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Aiwu Ruth He
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Fung-Lung Chung
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed. Dr. Fung-Lung Chung, Dept. of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road, LL 128A, Box 571465, Washington, D. C. 20057. Tel.: 202-687-3021; Fax: 202-687-1068; . Dr. Ying Fu, Dept. of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road, LL 128A, Box 571465, Washington, D. C. 20057. Tel.: 202-230-2320; Fax: 202-687-1068;
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180
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Lu Y, Li W. Functional characterization of E2F3b in human HepG2 liver cancer cell line. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:3429-3439. [PMID: 29135049 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
E2F3 is a transcription factor that has been shown to be overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is well-known that the E2F3 gene encodes two proteins E2F3a and E2F3b. Therefore, the functions of the two distinct isoforms need to be clarified separately. To characterize the function of E2F3b in HCC, the effects of ectopic expression of E2F3b on cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and gene expression were investigated. E2F3b promoted G1/S phase transition and markedly increased cell proliferation, but had minor effect on apoptosis. Microarray analyses identified 366 differentially expressed genes (171 upregulated and 195 downregulated) in E2F3b- overexpressing cells. Differential expression of 16 genes relevant to cell cycle and cell proliferation were further verified by real-time PCR. Six genes, including CDC2, CCNE1, ARF, MAP4K2, MUSK, and PAX2 were confirmed to be upregulated by more than twofold; one gene, CCNA2 was validated to be downregulated by more than twofold. We also confirmed that E2F3b increased the protein levels of both cyclin E and Arf but did not affect cyclin D1 protein. These results suggest that E2F3b functions as an important promoter for cell proliferation and plays important roles in transcriptional regulation in HepG2 liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Lu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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181
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Kim D, Cho GS, Han C, Park DH, Park HK, Woo DH, Kim JH. Current Understanding of Stem Cell and Secretome Therapies in Liver Diseases. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:653-665. [PMID: 30603518 PMCID: PMC6171672 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver failure is one of the main risks of death worldwide, and it originates from repetitive injuries and inflammations of liver tissues, which finally leads to the liver cirrhosis or cancer. Currently, liver transplantation is the only effective treatment for the liver diseases although it has a limitation due to donor scarcity. Alternatively, cell therapy to regenerate and reconstruct the damaged liver has been suggested to overcome the current limitation of liver disease cures. Several transplantable cell types could be utilized for recovering liver functions in injured liver, including bone marrow cells, mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, macrophages, and stem cell-derived hepatocytes. Furthermore, paracrine effects of transplanted cells have been suggested as a new paradigm for liver disease cures, and this application would be a new strategy to cure liver failures. Therefore, here we reviewed the current status and challenges of therapy using stem cells for liver disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongkyu Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, NEXEL Co., Ltd., 9th Floor, 21 Wangsan-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02580 Korea
| | - Gun-Sik Cho
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, NEXEL Co., Ltd., 9th Floor, 21 Wangsan-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02580 Korea
| | - Choongseong Han
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, NEXEL Co., Ltd., 9th Floor, 21 Wangsan-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02580 Korea
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, #101 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuk Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Medical Center, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchonro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Park
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, #101 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Woo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, NEXEL Co., Ltd., 9th Floor, 21 Wangsan-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02580 Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Science Campus, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbu-gu, Seoul, 02841 Korea
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182
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Yan X, Wu J, Jiang Q, Cheng H, Han JDJ, Chen YG. CXXC5 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting TGF-β-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. J Mol Cell Biol 2017; 10:48-59. [DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Yan
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Quanlong Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Dong J Han
- Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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183
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Castelli G, Pelosi E, Testa U. Liver Cancer: Molecular Characterization, Clonal Evolution and Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9090127. [PMID: 28930164 PMCID: PMC5615342 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9090127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death. The major forms of primary liver cancer are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Both these tumors develop against a background of cirrhotic liver, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic liver damage and fibrosis. HCC is a heterogeneous disease which usually develops within liver cirrhosis related to various etiologies: hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (frequent in Asia and Africa), hepatitis C virus (HCV), chronic alcohol abuse, or metabolic syndrome (frequent in Western countries). In cirrhosis, hepatocarcinogenesis is a multi-step process where pre-cancerous dysplastic macronodules transform progressively into HCC. The patterns of genomic alterations observed in these tumors were recently identified and were instrumental for the identification of potential targeted therapies that could improve patient care. Liver cancer stem cells are a small subset of undifferentiated liver tumor cells, responsible for cancer initiation, metastasis, relapse and chemoresistance, enriched and isolated according to immunophenotypic and functional properties: cell surface proteins (CD133, CD90, CD44, EpCAM, OV-6, CD13, CD24, DLK1, α2δ1, ICAM-1 and CD47); the functional markers corresponding to side population, high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity and autofluorescence. The identification and definition of liver cancer stem cells requires both immunophenotypic and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana Castelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00141, Italy.
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00141, Italy.
| | - Ugo Testa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00141, Italy.
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184
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Cheng L, Zhu Y, Han H, Zhang Q, Cui K, Shen H, Zhang J, Yan J, Prochownik E, Li Y. MicroRNA-148a deficiency promotes hepatic lipid metabolism and hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2916. [PMID: 28703810 PMCID: PMC5550856 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are involved in many physiologic and disease processes by virtue of degrading specific mRNAs or inhibiting their translation. miR-148a has been implicated in the control of tumor growth and cholesterol and triglyceride homeostasis using in vitro or in vivo gene expression- and silencing-based approaches. Here miR-148a knockout (KO) mice were used to investigate the intrinsic role of miR-148a in liver physiology and hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. miR-148a downregulation was found to be correlated with poor clinical outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Under regular chow diet (RCD) or high fat diet (HFD), miR-148a deletion significantly accelerated DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Mechanistically, miR-148a deletion promotes lipid metabolic disorders in mice. Moreover, restoration of miR-148a reversed these defects. Finally, miR-148a was found to directly inhibit several key regulators of hepatocarcinogenesis and lipid metabolism. These findings reveal crucial roles for miR-148a in the hepatic lipid metabolism and hepatocarcinogenesis. They further identify miR-148a as a potential therapeutic target for certain liver diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yahui Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Han Han
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kaisa Cui
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hongxing Shen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jinxiang Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Edward Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Youjun Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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185
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YAP determines the cell fate of injured mouse hepatocytes in vivo. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16017. [PMID: 28681838 PMCID: PMC5504293 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of senescent, transformed or damaged cells can impair tissue function or lead to tumorigenesis; therefore, organisms have evolved quality control mechanisms to eliminate them. Here, we show that YAP activation induced by inactivation of the Hippo pathway specifically in damaged hepatocytes promotes their selective elimination by using in vivo mosaic analysis in mouse liver. These damaged hepatocytes migrate into the hepatic sinusoids, undergo apoptosis and are engulfed by Kupffer cells. In contrast, YAP activation in undamaged hepatocytes leads to proliferation. Cellular stresses such as ethanol that damage both liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatocytes switch cell fate from proliferation to migration/apoptosis in the presence of activated YAP. This involves the activation of CDC42 and Rac that regulate cell migration. Thus, we suggest that YAP acts as a stress sensor that induces elimination of injured cells to maintain tissue and organ homeostasis. Senescent and injured cells affect tissue functions and can drive tumorigenesis. Thus, efficient elimination of these cells is pivotal for tissue integrity. Here Miyamura et al. show that YAP acts as a cellular stress sensor and promotes the elimination of damaged cells to maintain tissue homeostasis.
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186
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Effects of quantum dots on the ROS amount of liver cancer stem cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 155:193-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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187
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Farshidfar F, Zheng S, Gingras MC, Newton Y, Shih J, Robertson AG, Hinoue T, Hoadley KA, Gibb EA, Roszik J, Covington KR, Wu CC, Shinbrot E, Stransky N, Hegde A, Yang JD, Reznik E, Sadeghi S, Pedamallu CS, Ojesina AI, Hess JM, Auman JT, Rhie SK, Bowlby R, Borad MJ, Zhu AX, Stuart JM, Sander C, Akbani R, Cherniack AD, Deshpande V, Mounajjed T, Foo WC, Torbenson M, Kleiner DE, Laird PW, Wheeler DA, McRee AJ, Bathe OF, Andersen JB, Bardeesy N, Roberts LR, Kwong LN. Integrative Genomic Analysis of Cholangiocarcinoma Identifies Distinct IDH-Mutant Molecular Profiles. Cell Rep 2017; 19:2878-2880. [PMID: 28658632 PMCID: PMC6141445 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive malignancy of the bile ducts, with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Here, we describe the integrated analysis of somatic mutations, RNA expression, copy number, and DNA methylation by The Cancer Genome Atlas, of a set of predominantly intrahepatic CCA cases, and propose a molecular classification scheme. We identified an IDH -mutant enriched subtype with distinct molecular features including low expression of chromatin modifiers, elevated expression of mitochondrial genes, and increased mitochondrial DNA copy number. Leveraging the multi-platform data, we observed that ARID1A exhibited DNA hypermethylation and decreased expression in the IDH -mutant subtype. More broadly, we found that IDH mutations are associated with an expanded histological spectrum of liver tumors with molecular features that stratify with CCA. Our studies reveal insights into the molecular pathogenesis and heterogeneity of cholangiocarcinoma and provide classification information of potential therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Farshidfar
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Arnie Charbonneau
Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Siyuan Zheng
- Departments of Genomic Medicine, Melanoma Medical Oncology,
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Pathology, and Translational Molecular
Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030,
USA
| | - Marie-Claude Gingras
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yulia Newton
- University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064,
USA
| | - Juliann Shih
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts
Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - A. Gordon Robertson
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC
Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Toshinori Hinoue
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand
Rapids, MI 49503
| | - Katherine A. Hoadley
- Departments of Genetics and Pathology and Laboratory
Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599,
USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ewan A. Gibb
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC
Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Jason Roszik
- Departments of Genomic Medicine, Melanoma Medical Oncology,
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Pathology, and Translational Molecular
Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030,
USA
| | - Kyle R. Covington
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chia-Chin Wu
- Departments of Genomic Medicine, Melanoma Medical Oncology,
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Pathology, and Translational Molecular
Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030,
USA
| | - Eve Shinbrot
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Apurva Hegde
- Departments of Genomic Medicine, Melanoma Medical Oncology,
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Pathology, and Translational Molecular
Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030,
USA
| | - Ju Dong Yang
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and
Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
55905, USA
| | - Ed Reznik
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
10005, USA
| | - Sara Sadeghi
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC
Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Chandra Sekhar Pedamallu
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts
Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Akinyemi I. Ojesina
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
35294, USA
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL
35806, USA
| | - Julian M. Hess
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts
Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - J. Todd Auman
- Departments of Genetics and Pathology and Laboratory
Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599,
USA
| | - Suhn K. Rhie
- University of Southern California, USC/Norris
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Reanne Bowlby
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC
Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Mitesh J. Borad
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic,
Scottsdale, AZ 85054, USA
| | | | - Andrew X Zhu
- Departments of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Josh M. Stuart
- University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064,
USA
| | - Chris Sander
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
10005, USA
| | - Rehan Akbani
- Departments of Genomic Medicine, Melanoma Medical Oncology,
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Pathology, and Translational Molecular
Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030,
USA
| | - Andrew D. Cherniack
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts
Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Taofic Mounajjed
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and
Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
55905, USA
| | - Wai Chin Foo
- Departments of Genomic Medicine, Melanoma Medical Oncology,
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Pathology, and Translational Molecular
Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030,
USA
| | - Michael Torbenson
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and
Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
55905, USA
| | | | - Peter W. Laird
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand
Rapids, MI 49503
| | - David A. Wheeler
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Autumn J. McRee
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Oliver F. Bathe
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Arnie Charbonneau
Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jesper B. Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of
Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lewis R. Roberts
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and
Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
55905, USA
| | - Lawrence N. Kwong
- Departments of Genomic Medicine, Melanoma Medical Oncology,
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Pathology, and Translational Molecular
Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030,
USA
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188
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Yao Z, Luo J, Hu K, Lin J, Huang H, Wang Q, Zhang P, Xiong Z, He C, Huang Z, Liu B, Yang Y. ZKSCAN1 gene and its related circular RNA (circZKSCAN1) both inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth, migration, and invasion but through different signaling pathways. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:422-437. [PMID: 28211215 PMCID: PMC5527481 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that circular RNA (circRNA) are involved in cancer development, but the regulation and function of human circRNA remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that ZKSCAN1, a zinc finger family gene, is expressed in both linear and circular (circZKSCAN1) forms of RNA in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and cell lines. Here, we analyzed a cohort of 102 patients and found that expression of both ZKSCAN1mRNA and circZKSCAN1 was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the HCC samples compared with that in matched adjacent nontumorous tissues by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The low expression level of ZKSCAN1 was only associated with tumor size (P = 0.032), while the cirZKSCAN1 levels varied in patients with different tumor numbers (P < 0.01), cirrhosis (P = 0.031), vascular invasion (P = 0.002), or microscopic vascular invasion (P = 0.002), as well as with the tumor grade (P < 0.001). Silencing both ZKSCAN1mRNA and circZKSCAN1 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In contrast, overexpression of both forms of RNA repressed HCC progression in vivo and in vitro. Silencing or overexpression of both forms of RNA did not interfere with each other. RNA-seq revealed a very different molecular basis for the observed effects; ZKSCAN1mRNA mainly regulated cellular metabolism, while circZKSCAN1 mediated several cancer-related signaling pathways, suggesting a nonredundant role for ZKSCAN1mRNA and circRNA. In conclusion, our results revealed two post-translational products (ZKSCAN1mRNA and circZKSCAN1) that cooperated closely with one another to inhibit growth, migration, and invasion of HCC. cirZKSCAN1 might be a useful marker for the diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Yao
- Department of General SurgeryThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jingyan Luo
- R&D Unit 602Forevergen Biosciences CenterGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Kunpeng Hu
- Department of General SurgeryThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jizong Lin
- Department of General SurgeryThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - He Huang
- Department of General SurgeryThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Qiangliang Wang
- Department of General SurgeryThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhiyong Xiong
- Department of General SurgeryThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Chonghua He
- R&D Unit 602Forevergen Biosciences CenterGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zejian Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgerySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of General SurgeryThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Liver TransplantationThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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189
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Song CQ, Li Y, Mou H, Moore J, Park A, Pomyen Y, Hough S, Kennedy Z, Fischer A, Yin H, Anderson DG, Conte D, Zender L, Wang XW, Thorgeirsson S, Weng Z, Xue W. Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen Identifies Regulators of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase as Suppressors of Liver Tumors in Mice. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:1161-1173.e1. [PMID: 27956228 PMCID: PMC6204228 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS It has been a challenge to identify liver tumor suppressors or oncogenes due to the genetic heterogeneity of these tumors. We performed a genome-wide screen to identify suppressors of liver tumor formation in mice, using CRISPR-mediated genome editing. METHODS We performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout screen of P53-null mouse embryonic liver progenitor cells that overexpressed MYC. We infected p53-/-;Myc;Cas9 hepatocytes with the mGeCKOa lentiviral library of 67,000 single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs), targeting 20,611 mouse genes, and transplanted the transduced cells subcutaneously into nude mice. Within 1 month, all the mice that received the sgRNA library developed subcutaneous tumors. We performed high-throughput sequencing of tumor DNA and identified sgRNAs increased at least 8-fold compared to the initial cell pool. To validate the top 10 candidate tumor suppressors from this screen, we collected data from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using the Cancer Genome Atlas and COSMIC databases. We used CRISPR to inactivate candidate tumor suppressor genes in p53-/-;Myc;Cas9 cells and transplanted them subcutaneously into nude mice; tumor formation was monitored and tumors were analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry. Mice with liver-specific disruption of p53 were given hydrodynamic tail-vein injections of plasmids encoding Myc and sgRNA/Cas9 designed to disrupt candidate tumor suppressors; growth of tumors and metastases was monitored. We compared gene expression profiles of liver cells with vs without tumor suppressor gene disrupted by sgRNA/Cas9. Genes found to be up-regulated after tumor suppressor loss were examined in liver cancer cell lines; their expression was knocked down using small hairpin RNAs, and tumor growth was examined in nude mice. Effects of the MEK inhibitors AZD6244, U0126, and trametinib, or the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib, were examined in human and mouse HCC cell lines. RESULTS We identified 4 candidate liver tumor suppressor genes not previously associated with liver cancer (Nf1, Plxnb1, Flrt2, and B9d1). CRISPR-mediated knockout of Nf1, a negative regulator of RAS, accelerated liver tumor formation in mice. Loss of Nf1 or activation of RAS up-regulated the liver progenitor cell markers HMGA2 and SOX9. RAS pathway inhibitors suppressed the activation of the Hmga2 and Sox9 genes that resulted from loss of Nf1 or oncogenic activation of RAS. Knockdown of HMGA2 delayed formation of xenograft tumors from cells that expressed oncogenic RAS. In human HCCs, low levels of NF1 messenger RNA or high levels of HMGA2 messenger RNA were associated with shorter patient survival time. Liver cancer cells with inactivation of Plxnb1, Flrt2, and B9d1 formed more tumors in mice and had increased levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Using a CRISPR-based strategy, we identified Nf1, Plxnb1, Flrt2, and B9d1 as suppressors of liver tumor formation. We validated the observation that RAS signaling, via mitogen-activated protein kinase, contributes to formation of liver tumors in mice. We associated decreased levels of NF1 and increased levels of its downstream protein HMGA2 with survival times of patients with HCC. Strategies to inhibit or reduce HMGA2 might be developed to treat patients with liver cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzimidazoles/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Butadienes/pharmacology
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytoskeletal Proteins
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- HMGA Proteins/genetics
- HMGA2 Protein/genetics
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Niacinamide/analogs & derivatives
- Niacinamide/pharmacology
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Phenylurea Compounds/pharmacology
- Prognosis
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Pyridones/pharmacology
- Pyrimidinones/pharmacology
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sorafenib
- Survival Analysis
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- ras Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Qing Song
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Yingxiang Li
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiwei Mou
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Jill Moore
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Angela Park
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Yotsawat Pomyen
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Soren Hough
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Zachary Kennedy
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Fischer
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Hao Yin
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Darryl Conte
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Lars Zender
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Department of Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Physiology I, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Snorri Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wen Xue
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.
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190
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Farshidfar F, Zheng S, Gingras MC, Newton Y, Shih J, Robertson AG, Hinoue T, Hoadley KA, Gibb EA, Roszik J, Covington KR, Wu CC, Shinbrot E, Stransky N, Hegde A, Yang JD, Reznik E, Sadeghi S, Pedamallu CS, Ojesina AI, Hess JM, Auman JT, Rhie SK, Bowlby R, Borad MJ, Zhu AX, Stuart JM, Sander C, Akbani R, Cherniack AD, Deshpande V, Mounajjed T, Foo WC, Torbenson MS, Kleiner DE, Laird PW, Wheeler DA, McRee AJ, Bathe OF, Andersen JB, Bardeesy N, Roberts LR, Kwong LN. Integrative Genomic Analysis of Cholangiocarcinoma Identifies Distinct IDH-Mutant Molecular Profiles. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2780-2794. [PMID: 28297679 PMCID: PMC5493145 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive malignancy of the bile ducts, with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Here, we describe the integrated analysis of somatic mutations, RNA expression, copy number, and DNA methylation by The Cancer Genome Atlas of a set of predominantly intrahepatic CCA cases and propose a molecular classification scheme. We identified an IDH mutant-enriched subtype with distinct molecular features including low expression of chromatin modifiers, elevated expression of mitochondrial genes, and increased mitochondrial DNA copy number. Leveraging the multi-platform data, we observed that ARID1A exhibited DNA hypermethylation and decreased expression in the IDH mutant subtype. More broadly, we found that IDH mutations are associated with an expanded histological spectrum of liver tumors with molecular features that stratify with CCA. Our studies reveal insights into the molecular pathogenesis and heterogeneity of cholangiocarcinoma and provide classification information of potential therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Farshidfar
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Siyuan Zheng
- Departments of Genomic Medicine, Melanoma Medical Oncology, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Pathology, and Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Gingras
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yulia Newton
- University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Juliann Shih
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - A Gordon Robertson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Toshinori Hinoue
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Katherine A Hoadley
- Departments of Genetics and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ewan A Gibb
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Jason Roszik
- Departments of Genomic Medicine, Melanoma Medical Oncology, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Pathology, and Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kyle R Covington
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chia-Chin Wu
- Departments of Genomic Medicine, Melanoma Medical Oncology, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Pathology, and Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eve Shinbrot
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Apurva Hegde
- Departments of Genomic Medicine, Melanoma Medical Oncology, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Pathology, and Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ju Dong Yang
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ed Reznik
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10005, USA
| | - Sara Sadeghi
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Chandra Sekhar Pedamallu
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Akinyemi I Ojesina
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Julian M Hess
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - J Todd Auman
- Departments of Genetics and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Suhn K Rhie
- USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Reanne Bowlby
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Mitesh J Borad
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Andrew X Zhu
- Departments of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Josh M Stuart
- University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Chris Sander
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10005, USA
| | - Rehan Akbani
- Departments of Genomic Medicine, Melanoma Medical Oncology, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Pathology, and Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrew D Cherniack
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Taofic Mounajjed
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Wai Chin Foo
- Departments of Genomic Medicine, Melanoma Medical Oncology, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Pathology, and Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael S Torbenson
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Peter W Laird
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - David A Wheeler
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Autumn J McRee
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Oliver F Bathe
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Lawrence N Kwong
- Departments of Genomic Medicine, Melanoma Medical Oncology, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Pathology, and Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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191
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Ohata Y, Shimada S, Akiyama Y, Mogushi K, Nakao K, Matsumura S, Aihara A, Mitsunori Y, Ban D, Ochiai T, Kudo A, Arii S, Tanabe M, Tanaka S. Acquired Resistance with Epigenetic Alterations Under Long-Term Antiangiogenic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1155-1165. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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192
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Ren KW, Li YH, Wu G, Ren JZ, Lu HB, Li ZM, Han XW. Quercetin nanoparticles display antitumor activity via proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in liver cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1299-1311. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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193
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Tan J, Song M, Zhou M, Hu Y. Antibiotic tigecycline enhances cisplatin activity against human hepatocellular carcinoma through inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 483:17-23. [PMID: 28069382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Targeting mitochondrial metabolism has been recently demonstrated to be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of various cancer. In this work, we demonstrate that antibiotic tigecycline is selectively against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage. Tigecycline is more effective in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of HCC than normal liver cells. Importantly, tigecycline significantly enhances the inhibitory effects of chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin in HCC in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, tigecycline specifically inhibits mitochondrial translation as shown by the decreased protein levels of Cox-1 and -2 but not Cox-4 or Grp78, and increased mRNA levels of Cox-1 and -2 but not Cox-4 in HCC cells exposed to tigecycline. In addition, tigecycline significantly induces mitochondrial dysfunction in HCC cells via decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, complex I and IV activities, mitochondrial respiration and ATP levels. Tigecycline also increases levels of mitochondrial superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and ROS levels. Consistent with oxidative stress, oxidative damage on DNA, protein and lipid are also observed in tigecycline-treated cells. Importantly, antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) reverses the effects of tigecycline, suggesting that oxidative stress is required for the action of tigecycline in HCC cells. We further show that HCC cells have higher level of mitochondrial biogenesis than normal liver cells which might explain the different sensitivity to tigecycline between HCC and normal liver cells. Our work is the first to demonstrate that tigecycline is a promising candidate for HCC treatment and highlight the therapeutic value of targeting mitochondrial metabolism in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tan
- Department of Hepatology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Meijun Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo, 315041, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Yaoren Hu
- Department of Hepatology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China.
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194
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Xue R, Li J, Bai F, Wang X, Ji J, Lu Y. A race to uncover a panoramic view of primary liver cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2017; 14:335-340. [PMID: 29372099 PMCID: PMC5785169 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2017.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruidong Xue
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, Beijing 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China.,Translational Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.,Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Li
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, Beijing 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China.,Translational Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, Beijing 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, Beijing 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Junfang Ji
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, Beijing 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yinying Lu
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, Beijing 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China
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195
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Abstract
Cancer cells possessing "stemness," or stem-cell properties, are referred to as cancer stem cells (CSC) or cancer-initiating cells. The concept that these cells rest at the apex of the cancer hierarchy is an evolving theme in cancer research. These cells are by definition primarily responsible for the initiation and propagation of tumors as well as relapse after therapy, and they are therefore of major scientific interest. Several studies indicate that hepatocellular carcinomas that harbor phenotypic features of stem cells and progenitor cells constitute a subclass of therapeutically challenging cancers that are associated with a particularly poor prognosis. We recently demonstrated that any cell type in the mouse hepatic lineage can undergo oncogenic reprogramming into a CSC by activating different cell type-specific pathways [<citeref rid="ref1">1</citeref>]. Identification of common and cell of origin-specific phenotypic and genetic changes could provide new therapeutic targets for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snorri S. Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive MSC 4262, Building 37, Room 4128B, Bethesda, MD 20892-4262, USA
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196
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Munoz-Garrido P, Andersen JB. Genetic Optimization of Liver Cancer Therapy: A Patient-Derived Primary Cancer Cell-Based Model. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:19-21. [PMID: 27888667 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Munoz-Garrido
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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197
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Teng KY, Han J, Zhang X, Hsu SH, He S, Wani NA, Barajas JM, Snyder LA, Frankel WL, Caligiuri MA, Jacob ST, Yu J, Ghoshal K. Blocking the CCL2-CCR2 Axis Using CCL2-Neutralizing Antibody Is an Effective Therapy for Hepatocellular Cancer in a Mouse Model. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 16:312-322. [PMID: 27980102 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma, a deadly disease, commonly arises in the setting of chronic inflammation. C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2/MCP1), a chemokine that recruits CCR2-positive immune cells to promote inflammation, is highly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Here, we examined the therapeutic efficacy of CCL2-CCR2 axis inhibitors against hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the miR-122 knockout (a.k.a. KO) mouse model. This mouse model displays upregulation of hepatic CCL2 expression, which correlates with hepatitis that progress to hepatocellular carcinoma with age. Therapeutic potential of CCL2-CCR2 axis blockade was determined by treating KO mice with a CCL2-neutralizing antibody (nAb). This immunotherapy suppressed chronic liver inflammation in these mice by reducing the population of CD11highGr1+ inflammatory myeloid cells and inhibiting expression of IL6 and TNFα in KO livers. Furthermore, treatment of tumor-bearing KO mice with CCL2 nAb for 8 weeks significantly reduced liver damage, hepatocellular carcinoma incidence, and tumor burden. Phospho-STAT3 (Y705) and c-MYC, the downstream targets of IL6, as well as NF-κB, the downstream target of TNFα, were downregulated upon CCL2 inhibition, which correlated with suppression of tumor growth. In addition, CCL2 nAb enhanced hepatic NK-cell cytotoxicity and IFNγ production, which is likely to contribute to the inhibition of tumorigenesis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CCL2 immunotherapy could be an effective therapeutic approach against inflammatory liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(2); 312-22. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Yu Teng
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jianfeng Han
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shu-Hao Hsu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shun He
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nissar A Wani
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Juan M Barajas
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Linda A Snyder
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Wendy L Frankel
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Samson T Jacob
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. .,Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kalpana Ghoshal
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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198
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Zhou L, Wen J, Huang Z, Nice EC, Huang C, Zhang H, Li Q. Redox proteomics screening cellular factors associated with oxidative stress in hepatocarcinogenesis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 11. [PMID: 27763721 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is a major global health problem being the sixth most common cancer and the third cause of cancer-related death, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) representing more than 90% of primary liver cancers. Mounting evidence suggests that, compared with their normal counterparts, many types of cancer cell have increased levels of ROS. Therefore, cancer cells need to combat high levels of ROS, especially at early stages of tumor development. Recent studies have revealed that ROS-mediated regulation of redox-sensitive proteins (redox sensors) is involved in the pathogenesis and/or progression of many human diseases, including cancer. Unraveling the altered functions of redox sensors and the underlying mechanisms in hepatocarcinogenesis is critical for the development of novel cancer therapeutics. For this reason, redox proteomics has been developed for the high-throughput screening of redox sensors, which will benefit the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of HCC. In this review, we will briefly introduce several novel redox proteomics techniques that are currently available to study various oxidative modifications in hepatocarcinogenesis and summarize the most important discoveries in the study of redox processes related to the development and progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Ji Wen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Visiting professor, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Qifu Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P. R. China
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199
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Genetic profiling of hepatocellular carcinoma using next-generation sequencing. J Hepatol 2016; 65:1031-1042. [PMID: 27262756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous disease, both clinically and from a molecular standpoint. The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has provided new opportunities to extensively analyze molecular defects in HCC samples. This has uncovered major cancer driver genes and associated oncogenic pathways operating in HCC. More sophisticated analyses of sequencing data have linked specific nucleotide patterns to external toxic agents and defined so-called 'mutational signatures' in HCC. Molecular signatures, taking into account intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity, and their functional validation could provide useful data to predict treatment response to molecular therapies. In this review we will focus on the current knowledge of deep sequencing in HCC and its foreseeable clinical impact.
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200
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Nishida N, Kudo M. Clinical Significance of Epigenetic Alterations in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Association with Genetic Mutations. Dig Dis 2016; 34:708-713. [PMID: 27750242 DOI: 10.1159/000448863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations is a hallmark of cancer genomes, including those in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Particularly, in human HCC, epigenetic changes are more frequently observed than genetic changes in a variety of cancer-related genes, suggesting a potential role for epigenetic alterations during hepatocarcinogenesis. Several environmental factors, such as inflammation, obesity, and steatosis, are reported to affect the epigenetic status in hepatocytes, which could play a role in HCC development. In addition, genetic mutations in histone modulators and chromatin regulators would be critical for the acceleration of epigenetic alteration. It is also possible that major genetic mutations of HCC, such as TP53 and CNTTB1 mutations, are associated with the disturbance of epigenetic integrity. For example, specific TP53 mutations frequently induced by aflatoxin B1 exposure might affect histone modifiers and nucleosome remodelers. Generally, epigenetic alteration is reversible, because of which dysregulation of transcription takes place, without affecting protein structure. Therefore, differentiation therapy is one of the potential approaches for HCC with advanced epigenetic alterations. On the other hand, a tumor carrying an accumulation of genetic mutations would result in many abnormal proteins that could be recognized as non-self and could be targets for immune reactions; thus, immune-checkpoint blockers should be effective for HCCs with genetic hypermutation. Although the emergence of genetic and epigenetic alterations could be linked to each other and there could be some crossover or convergence between these cancer pathways, characterization of the mutation spectrum of genetic and epigenetic alterations could influence future HCC treatment.
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