151
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Maluquer de Motes C. Autophagy takes the STING out of DNA sensing. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 19:125-126. [PMID: 34728794 PMCID: PMC8752732 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00797-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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152
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Dendritic cell migration in inflammation and immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2461-2471. [PMID: 34302064 PMCID: PMC8298985 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the key link between innate immunity and adaptive immunity and play crucial roles in both the promotion of immune defense and the maintenance of immune tolerance. The trafficking of distinct DC subsets across lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues is essential for DC-dependent activation and regulation of inflammation and immunity. DC chemotaxis and migration are triggered by interactions between chemokines and their receptors and regulated by multiple intracellular mechanisms, such as protein modification, epigenetic reprogramming, metabolic remodeling, and cytoskeletal rearrangement, in a tissue-specific manner. Dysregulation of DC migration may lead to abnormal positioning or activation of DCs, resulting in an imbalance of immune responses and even immune pathologies, including autoimmune responses, infectious diseases, allergic diseases and tumors. New strategies targeting the migration of distinct DC subsets are being explored for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases and the development of novel DC-based vaccines. In this review, we will discuss the migratory routes and immunological consequences of distinct DC subsets, the molecular basis and regulatory mechanisms of migratory signaling in DCs, and the association of DC migration with the pathogenesis of autoimmune and infectious diseases.
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153
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Chen L, Cao SQ, Lin ZM, He SJ, Zuo JP. NOD-like receptors in autoimmune diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1742-1756. [PMID: 33589796 PMCID: PMC8564530 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00603-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are chronic immune diseases characterized by dysregulation of immune system, which ultimately results in a disruption in self-antigen tolerance. Cumulative data show that nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) play essential roles in various autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, multiple sclerosis (MS), etc. NLR proteins, consisting of a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR), a central nucleotide-binding domain, and an N-terminal effector domain, form a group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that mediate the immune response by specifically recognizing cellular pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and triggering numerous signaling pathways, including RIP2 kinase, caspase-1, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and so on. Based on their N-terminal domain, NLRs are divided into five subfamilies: NLRA, NLRB, NLRC, NLRP, and NLRX1. In this review, we briefly describe the structures and signaling pathways of NLRs, summarize the recent progress on NLR signaling in the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases, as well as highlight numerous natural products and synthetic compounds targeting NLRs for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Shi-qi Cao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ze-min Lin
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Shi-jun He
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jian-ping Zuo
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China ,grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
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154
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Chabanon RM, Rouanne M, Lord CJ, Soria JC, Pasero P, Postel-Vinay S. Targeting the DNA damage response in immuno-oncology: developments and opportunities. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:701-717. [PMID: 34376827 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and substantially improved patient outcome with regard to multiple tumour types. However, most patients still do not benefit from such therapies, notably because of the absence of pre-existing T cell infiltration. DNA damage response (DDR) deficiency has recently emerged as an important determinant of tumour immunogenicity. A growing body of evidence now supports the concept that DDR-targeted therapies can increase the antitumour immune response by (1) promoting antigenicity through increased mutability and genomic instability, (2) enhancing adjuvanticity through the activation of cytosolic immunity and immunogenic cell death and (3) favouring reactogenicity through the modulation of factors that control the tumour-immune cell synapse. In this Review, we discuss the interplay between the DDR and anticancer immunity and highlight how this dynamic interaction contributes to shaping tumour immunogenicity. We also review the most innovative preclinical approaches that could be used to investigate such effects, including recently developed ex vivo systems. Finally, we highlight the therapeutic opportunities presented by the exploitation of the DDR-anticancer immunity interplay, with a focus on those in early-phase clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman M Chabanon
- ATIP-Avenir Group, Inserm Unit U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Mathieu Rouanne
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Inserm Unit U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Département d'Urologie, Hôpital Foch, Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, Suresnes, France
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jean-Charles Soria
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médicine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Philippe Pasero
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Postel-Vinay
- ATIP-Avenir Group, Inserm Unit U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
- Faculté de Médicine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
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155
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Cui Y, Zhang Z, Zhou X, Zhao Z, Zhao R, Xu X, Kong X, Ren J, Yao X, Wen Q, Guo F, Gao S, Sun J, Wan Q. Microglia and macrophage exhibit attenuated inflammatory response and ferroptosis resistance after RSL3 stimulation via increasing Nrf2 expression. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:249. [PMID: 34717678 PMCID: PMC8557003 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many neurological diseases involve neuroinflammation, during which overproduction of cytokines by immune cells, especially microglia, can aggregate neuronal death. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered cell metabolism-related form of cell death and RSL3 is a well-known inducer of cell ferroptosis. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of RSL3 in neuroinflammation and sensitivity of different type of microglia and macrophage to ferroptosis. METHODS Here, we used quantitative RT-PCR analysis and ELISA analysis to analyze the production of proinflammatory cytokine production of microglia and macrophages after lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation. We used CCK8, LDH, and flow cytometry analysis to evaluate the sensitivity of different microglia and macrophages to RSL3-induced ferroptosis. Western blot was used to test the activation of inflammatory signaling pathway and knockdown efficiency. SiRNA-mediated interference was conducted to knockdown GPX4 or Nrf2 in BV2 microglia. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS was performed to evaluate systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation severity in in vivo conditions. RESULTS We found that ferroptosis inducer RSL3 inhibited lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammation of microglia and peritoneal macrophages (PMs) in a cell ferroptosis-independent manner, whereas cell ferroptosis-conditioned medium significantly triggered inflammation of microglia and PMs. Different type of microglia and macrophages showed varied sensitivity to RSL3-induced ferroptosis. Mechanistically, RSL3 induced Nrf2 protein expression to inhibit RNA Polymerase II recruitment to transcription start site of proinflammatory cytokine genes to repress cytokine transcription, and protect cells from ferroptosis. Furthermore, simultaneously injection of RSL3 and Fer-1 ameliorated LPS-induced neuroinflammation in in vivo conditions. CONCLUSIONS These data revealed the proinflammatory role of ferroptosis in microglia and macrophages, identified RSL3 as a novel inhibitor of LPS-induced inflammation, and uncovered the molecular regulation of microglia and macrophage sensitivity to ferroptosis. Thus, targeting ferroptosis in diseases by using RSL3 should consider both the pro-ferroptosis effect and the anti-inflammation effect to achieve optimal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cui
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhaolong Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road 16, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road 16, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road 16, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangyu Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road 16, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jinyang Ren
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xujin Yao
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qian Wen
- Department of Biomedical Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Feifei Guo
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shengli Gao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jiangdong Sun
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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156
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Willment JA. Fc-conjugated C-type lectin receptors: Tools for understanding host-pathogen interactions. Mol Microbiol 2021; 117:632-660. [PMID: 34709692 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of soluble fusion proteins of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) used in the detection of exogenous and endogenous ligands has helped resolve the roles of PRRs in the innate immune response to pathogens, how they shape the adaptive immune response, and function in maintaining homeostasis. Using the immunoglobulin (Ig) crystallizable fragment (Fc) domain as a fusion partner, the PRR fusion proteins are soluble, stable, easily purified, have increased affinity due to the Fc homodimerization properties, and consequently have been used in a wide range of applications such as flow cytometry, screening of protein and glycan arrays, and immunofluorescent microscopy. This review will predominantly focus on the recognition of pathogens by the cell membrane-expressed glycan-binding proteins of the C-type lectin receptor (CLR) subgroup of PRRs. PRRs bind to conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as glycans, usually located within or on the outer surface of the pathogen. Significantly, many glycans structures are identical on both host and pathogen (e.g. the Lewis (Le) X glycan), allowing the use of Fc CLR fusion proteins with known endogenous and/or exogenous ligands as tools to identify pathogen structures that are able to interact with the immune system. Screens of highly purified pathogen-derived cell wall components have enabled identification of many unique PAMP structures recognized by CLRs. This review highlights studies using Fc CLR fusion proteins, with emphasis on the PAMPs found in fungi, bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The structure and unique features of the different CLR families is presented using examples from a broad range of microbes whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Willment
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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157
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Wang Y, Luo W, Huang L, Xiao J, Song X, Li F, Ma Y, Wang X, Jin F, Liu P, Zhu Y, Kitazato K, Wang Y, Ren Z. A novel lncRNA linc-AhRA negatively regulates innate antiviral response in murine microglia upon neurotropic herpesvirus infection. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:9623-9651. [PMID: 34646390 PMCID: PMC8490526 DOI: 10.7150/thno.64880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the primary cellular source of type I interferons (I-IFNs) in the brain upon neurotropic virus infection. Although the I-IFN-based antiviral innate immune response is crucial for eliminating viruses, overproduction led to immune disorders. Therefore, the relatively long-lasting I-IFNs must be precisely controlled, but the regulatory mechanism for the innate antiviral response in microglia remains largely unknown. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are being recognized as crucial factors in numerous diseases, but their regulatory roles in the innate antiviral response in microglia are undefined. Methods: The high-throughput RNA sequencing was performed to obtain differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) in primary microglia infected with or without the neurotropic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). We selected four DELs ranked in the top 15 in basic level and their fold change induced by HSV-1, i.e., FPKMHSV-1/FPKMCells.We subsequently found a key lncRNA affecting the innate antiviral response of microglia significantly. We next used dual-luciferase reporter assays, bioinformatical tools, and truncation mutants of both lncRNA and targeted proteins to elucidate the downstream and upstream mechanism of action of lncRNA. Further, we established microglia-specific knock-in (KI) mice to investigate the role of lncRNA in vivo. Results: We identified a long intergenic non-coding RNA, linc-AhRA, involved in regulating the innate antiviral response in murine microglia. linc-AhRA is activated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and restricts I-IFN production in microglia upon neurotropic herpesvirus infection and innate immune stimulation. Mechanistically, linc-AhRA binds to both tripartite motif-containing 27 (TRIM27) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) through its conserved 117nt fragment as a molecular scaffold to enhance TRIM27-TBK1 interaction. This interaction facilitates the TRIM27-mediated ubiquitination of TBK1 and results in ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation of TBK1. Consequently, linc-AhRA suppresses I-IFN production through facilitating TBK1 degradation and limits the microglial innate immune response against neurotropic herpesvirus infection. Microglia-specific KI of linc-AhRA mice shows a weakened antiviral immune response upon neurotropic herpesvirus challenge due to a reduction of TBK1 in microglia. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that linc-AhRA is a negative regulator of I-IFN production in microglia to avoid excessive autoimmune responses. These findings uncover a previously unappreciated role for lncRNA conserved fragments in the innate antiviral response, providing a strong foundation for developing nucleotide drugs based on conserved functional fragments within lncRNAs.
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158
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Li S, Cao L, Zhang Z, Kuang M, Chen L, Zhao Y, Luo Y, Yin Z, You F. Cytosolic and nuclear recognition of virus and viral evasion. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:30. [PMID: 35006471 PMCID: PMC8607372 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of host defense, which responds rapidly to viral infection. Innate recognition of viruses is mediated by a set of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that sense viral genomic nucleic acids and/or replication intermediates. PRRs are mainly localized either to the endosomes, the plasma membrane or the cytoplasm. Recent evidence suggested that several proteins located in the nucleus could also act as viral sensors. In turn, these important elements are becoming the target for most viruses to evade host immune surveillance. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in the study of viral recognition and evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siji Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Cao
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zeming Zhang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Kuang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Luoying Chen
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchi Zhao
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Luo
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fuping You
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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159
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Jung KH, Seong SY. Role of inflammasomes in neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke. ENCEPHALITIS 2021; 1:89-97. [PMID: 37470048 PMCID: PMC10295893 DOI: 10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease for which there is no effective medical treatment. In the era of extensive reperfusion strategies, established neuroprotectant candidates and novel therapeutic drugs with better targets are promising for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Such targets include the inflammasome pathway, which contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Following ischemic stroke, damage-associated molecular patterns from damaged cells activate inflammasomes, incur inflammatory responses, and induce cell death. Therefore, inhibiting inflammasome pathways has great promise for treatment of ischemic stroke. However, the efficacy and safety of inflammasome inhibitors remain controversial, and better upstream targets are needed for effective modulation. Herein, the roles of the inflammasome in ischemic injury caused by stroke are reviewed and the potential of neuroprotectants targeting the inflammasome is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Hwa Jung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Seong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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160
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Muñoz-Moreno R, Martínez-Romero C, García-Sastre A. Induction and Evasion of Type-I Interferon Responses during Influenza A Virus Infection. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:a038414. [PMID: 32661015 PMCID: PMC8485741 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are contagious pathogens and one of the leading causes of respiratory tract infections in both humans and animals worldwide. Upon infection, the innate immune system provides the first line of defense to neutralize or limit the replication of invading pathogens, creating a fast and broad response that brings the cells into an alerted state through the secretion of cytokines and the induction of the interferon (IFN) pathway. At the same time, IAVs have developed a plethora of immune evasion mechanisms in order to avoid or circumvent the host antiviral response, promoting viral replication. Herein, we will review and summarize already known and recently described innate immune mechanisms that host cells use to fight IAV viral infections as well as the main strategies developed by IAVs to overcome such powerful defenses during this fascinating virus-host interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Muñoz-Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Carles Martínez-Romero
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
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161
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Trained Immunity as an Adaptive Branch of Innate Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910684. [PMID: 34639025 PMCID: PMC8508929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of trained immunity has become one of the most interesting and potentially commercially and clinically relevant ideas of current immunology. Trained immunity is realized by the epigenetic reprogramming of non-immunocompetent cells, primarily monocytes/macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells, and is less specific than adaptive immunity; therefore, it may cross-protect against other infectious agents. It remains possible, however, that some of the observed changes are simply caused by increased levels of immune reactions resulting from supplementation with immunomodulators, such as glucan. In addition, the question of whether we can talk about trained immunity in cells with a life span of only few days is still unresolved.
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162
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Chen Y, Shi Y, Wu J, Qi N. MAVS: A Two-Sided CARD Mediating Antiviral Innate Immune Signaling and Regulating Immune Homeostasis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:744348. [PMID: 34566944 PMCID: PMC8458965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.744348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) functions as a "switch" in the immune signal transduction against most RNA viruses. Upon viral infection, MAVS forms prion-like aggregates by receiving the cytosolic RNA sensor retinoic acid-inducible gene I-activated signaling and further activates/switches on the type I interferon signaling. While under resting state, MAVS is prevented from spontaneously aggregating to switch off the signal transduction and maintain immune homeostasis. Due to the dual role in antiviral signal transduction and immune homeostasis, MAVS has emerged as the central regulation target by both viruses and hosts. Recently, researchers show increasing interest in viral evasion strategies and immune homeostasis regulations targeting MAVS, especially focusing on the post-translational modifications of MAVS, such as ubiquitination and phosphorylation. This review summarizes the regulations of MAVS in antiviral innate immune signaling transduction and immune homeostasis maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqiang Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institue of Engineering Biology and Health, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuheng Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institue of Engineering Biology and Health, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Qi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institue of Engineering Biology and Health, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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163
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Liao Z, Su J. Progresses on three pattern recognition receptor families (TLRs, RLRs and NLRs) in teleost. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 122:104131. [PMID: 34022258 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of immune sensors that play crucial roles in detecting and responding to the conserved patterns of microorganisms. To date, many PRRs, such as TLRs, RLRs and NLRs, as well as their downstream molecules have been identified and characterized in teleost, while their ligands and immunoregulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the present review, we described and discussed the main members of TLR/RLR/NLR families, including their expression profiles, signaling transductions and functions in teleost. And some splicing isoforms from TLR/RLR/NLR families were also addressed, which play synergistic and/or antagonistic roles in response to pathogen infections in teleost. TLRs sense different pathogens by forming homodimer and/or heterodimer. Beyond, functions of TLRs can also be affected by migrating. And some endolysosomal TLRs undergo proteolytic cleavage and in a pH-dependent mechanism to attain a mature functional form that mediate ligand recognition and downstream signaling. Until now, more than 80 members in TLR/RLR/NLR families have been identified in teleost, while only TLR5, TLR9, TLR19, TLR21, TLR22, MDA5, LGP2, NOD1 and NOD2 have direct evidence of ligand recognition in teleost. Meanwhile, new ligands as well as signaling pathways do occur during evolution of teleost. This review summarizes progresses on the TLRs/RLRs/NLRs in teleost. We attempt to insight into the ligands recognition and signaling transmission of TLRs/RLRs/NLRs in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Lukácsi S, Farkas Z, Saskői É, Bajtay Z, Takács-Vellai K. Conserved and Distinct Elements of Phagocytosis in Human and C. elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168934. [PMID: 34445642 PMCID: PMC8396242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis provides the cellular nutrition and homeostasis of organisms, but pathogens often take advantage of this entry point to infect host cells. This is counteracted by phagocytosis that plays a key role in the protection against invading microbes both during the initial engulfment of pathogens and in the clearance of infected cells. Phagocytic cells balance two vital functions: preventing the accumulation of cell corpses to avoid pathological inflammation and autoimmunity, whilst maintaining host defence. In this review, we compare elements of phagocytosis in mammals and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Initial recognition of infection requires different mechanisms. In mammals, pattern recognition receptors bind pathogens directly, whereas activation of the innate immune response in the nematode rather relies on the detection of cellular damage. In contrast, molecules involved in efferocytosis—the engulfment and elimination of dying cells and cell debris—are highly conserved between the two species. Therefore, C. elegans is a powerful model to research mechanisms of the phagocytic machinery. Finally, we show that both mammalian and worm studies help to understand how the two phagocytic functions are interconnected: emerging data suggest the activation of innate immunity as a consequence of defective apoptotic cell clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Lukácsi
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (S.L.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zsolt Farkas
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (É.S.)
| | - Éva Saskői
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (É.S.)
| | - Zsuzsa Bajtay
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (S.L.); (Z.B.)
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Takács-Vellai
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (É.S.)
- Correspondence:
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165
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Immune Response and Apoptosis-Related Pathways Induced by Aeromonas schubertii Infection of Hybrid Snakehead ( Channa maculata♀ × Channa argus♂). Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10080997. [PMID: 34451461 PMCID: PMC8401259 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas schubertii is the etiological pathogen of internal organ nodules in snakehead fish. Infections with A. schubertii produce a significant economic loss in aquaculture. Therefore, it is important to examine the immune mechanisms by which snakeheads defend against A. schubertii infection. In this study, we established a hybrid snakehead infection model by intraperitoneal injection of A. schubertii that produced internal organ nodules. The splenic immune response of infected fish was examined at the transcriptome level by Illumina-seq analysis. Results showed 14,796 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following A. schubertii infection, including 4441 up-regulated unigenes and 10,355 down-regulated unigenes. KEGG analysis showed 2084 DEGs to be involved in 192 pathways, 14 of which were immune-related. Twelve DEGs were used to validate quantitative real-time PCR results with RNA-seq data. Time-course expression analysis of six genes demonstrated modulation of the snakehead immune response by A. schubertii. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis identified a substantial number of DEGs that were involved in the apoptosis signaling pathway. TUNEL analysis of infected spleens confirmed the presence of apoptotic cells. This study provided new information for a further understanding of the pathogenesis of A. schubertii in snakeheads, which can be used to prevent and possibly treat A. schubertii infections.
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Zhu J, Li X, Cai X, Zha H, Zhou Z, Sun X, Rong F, Tang J, Zhu C, Liu X, Fan S, Wang J, Liao Q, Ouyang G, Xiao W. Arginine monomethylation by PRMT7 controls MAVS-mediated antiviral innate immunity. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3171-3186.e8. [PMID: 34171297 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accurate control of innate immune responses is required to eliminate invading pathogens and simultaneously avoid autoinflammation and autoimmune diseases. Here, we demonstrate that arginine monomethylation precisely regulates the mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS)-mediated antiviral response. Protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) forms aggregates to catalyze MAVS monomethylation at arginine residue 52 (R52), attenuating its binding to TRIM31 and RIG-I, which leads to the suppression of MAVS aggregation and subsequent activation. Upon virus infection, aggregated PRMT7 is disabled in a timely manner due to automethylation at arginine residue 32 (R32), and SMURF1 is recruited to PRMT7 by MAVS to induce proteasomal degradation of PRMT7, resulting in the relief of PRMT7 suppression of MAVS activation. Therefore, we not only reveal that arginine monomethylation by PRMT7 negatively regulates MAVS-mediated antiviral signaling in vitro and in vivo but also uncover a mechanism by which PRMT7 is tightly controlled to ensure the timely activation of antiviral defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolian Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Huangyuan Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Ziwen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xueyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Fangjing Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jinghua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Chunchun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China; The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China; The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Sijia Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China; The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China; The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Qian Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Gang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China; The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China; The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China; The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China; The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.
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167
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Li D, Wu M. Pattern recognition receptors in health and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:291. [PMID: 34344870 PMCID: PMC8333067 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 608] [Impact Index Per Article: 202.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged senescent cells. PRRs bridge nonspecific immunity and specific immunity. Through the recognition and binding of ligands, PRRs can produce nonspecific anti-infection, antitumor, and other immunoprotective effects. Most PRRs in the innate immune system of vertebrates can be classified into the following five types based on protein domain homology: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), and absent in melanoma-2 (AIM2)-like receptors (ALRs). PRRs are basically composed of ligand recognition domains, intermediate domains, and effector domains. PRRs recognize and bind their respective ligands and recruit adaptor molecules with the same structure through their effector domains, initiating downstream signaling pathways to exert effects. In recent years, the increased researches on the recognition and binding of PRRs and their ligands have greatly promoted the understanding of different PRRs signaling pathways and provided ideas for the treatment of immune-related diseases and even tumors. This review describes in detail the history, the structural characteristics, ligand recognition mechanism, the signaling pathway, the related disease, new drugs in clinical trials and clinical therapy of different types of PRRs, and discusses the significance of the research on pattern recognition mechanism for the treatment of PRR-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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168
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High Mobility Group Box 1 in Pig Amniotic Membrane Experimentally Infected with E. coli O55. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081146. [PMID: 34439812 PMCID: PMC8393629 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-amniotic infections (IAI) are one of the reasons for preterm birth. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein with various physiological functions, including tissue healing. Its excessive extracellular release potentiates inflammatory reaction and can revert its action from beneficial to detrimental. We infected the amniotic fluid of a pig on the 80th day of gestation with 1 × 104 colony forming units (CFUs) of E. coli O55 for 10 h, and evaluated the appearance of HMGB1, receptor for glycation endproducts (RAGE), and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in the amniotic membrane and fluid. Sham-infected amniotic fluid served as a control. The expression and release of HMGB1 were evaluated by Real-Time PCR, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. The infection downregulated HMGB1 mRNA expression in the amniotic membrane, changed the distribution of HMGB1 protein in the amniotic membrane, and increased its level in amniotic fluid. All RAGE mRNA, protein expression in the amniotic membrane, and soluble RAGE level in the amniotic fluid were downregulated. TLR4 mRNA and protein expression and soluble TLR4 were all upregulated. HMGB1 is a potential target for therapy to suppress the exaggerated inflammatory response. This controlled expression and release can, in some cases, prevent the preterm birth of vulnerable infants. Studies on suitable animal models can contribute to the development of appropriate therapy.
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169
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Gu Z, Chen X, Yang W, Qi Y, Yu H, Wang X, Gong Y, Chen Q, Zhong B, Dai L, Qi S, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Hu H. The SUMOylation of TAB2 mediated by TRIM60 inhibits MAPK/NF-κB activation and the innate immune response. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1981-1994. [PMID: 33184450 PMCID: PMC8322076 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00564-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the TAK1 signalosome is crucial for mediating the innate immune response to pathogen invasion and is regulated by multiple layers of posttranslational modifications, including ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and phosphorylation; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, TRIM60 negatively regulated the formation and activation of the TAK1 signalosome. Deficiency of TRIM60 in macrophages led to enhanced MAPK and NF-κB activation, accompanied by elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines but not IFN-I. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry assays identified TAB2 as the target of TRIM60 for SUMOylation rather than ubiquitination, resulting in impaired formation of the TRAF6/TAB2/TAK1 complex and downstream MAPK and NF-κB pathways. The SUMOylation sites of TAB2 mediated by TRIM60 were identified as K329 and K562; substitution of these lysines with arginines abolished the SUMOylation of TAB2. In vivo experiments showed that TRIM60-deficient mice showed an elevated immune response to LPS-induced septic shock and L. monocytogenes infection. Our data reveal that SUMOylation of TAB2 mediated by TRIM60 is a novel mechanism for regulating the innate immune response, potentially paving the way for a new strategy to control antibacterial immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Gu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xueying Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenyong Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Department of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yanqiu Gong
- Department of General Practice and Lab of PTM, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Department of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of General Practice and Lab of PTM, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA, 77030.
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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170
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Pagani I, Poli G, Vicenzi E. TRIM22. A Multitasking Antiviral Factor. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081864. [PMID: 34440633 PMCID: PMC8391480 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral invasion of target cells triggers an immediate intracellular host defense system aimed at preventing further propagation of the virus. Viral genomes or early products of viral replication are sensed by a number of pattern recognition receptors, leading to the synthesis and production of type I interferons (IFNs) that, in turn, activate a cascade of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) with antiviral functions. Among these, several members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family are antiviral executors. This article will focus, in particular, on TRIM22 as an example of a multitarget antiviral member of the TRIM family. The antiviral activities of TRIM22 against different DNA and RNA viruses, particularly human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and influenza A virus (IAV), will be discussed. TRIM22 restriction of virus replication can involve either direct interaction of TRIM22 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity with viral proteins, or indirect protein–protein interactions resulting in control of viral gene transcription, but also epigenetic effects exerted at the chromatin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pagani
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, IRCCS-Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Guido Poli
- Human Immuno-Virology Unit, IRCCS-Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Vicenzi
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, IRCCS-Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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171
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The emerging roles of absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome in central nervous system disorders. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105122. [PMID: 34284076 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) sensor, the PYHIN family member absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is an essential component of the inflammasome families. Activation of AIM2 by dsDNA leads to the assembly of cytosolic multimolecular complexes termed the AIM2 inflammasome, resulting in activation of caspase-1, the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, and pyroptosis. Multiple central nervous system (CNS) diseases are accompanied by immune responses and inflammatory cascade. As the resident macrophage cells, microglia cells act as the first and main form of active immune defense in the CNS. AIM2 is highly expressed in microglia as well as astrocytes and neurons and is essential in neurodevelopment. In this review, we highlight the recent progress on the role of AIM2 inflammasome in CNS disorders, including cerebral stroke, brain injury, neuropsychiatric disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and glioblastoma.
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172
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Smith MP, Ferguson HR, Ferguson J, Zindy E, Kowalczyk KM, Kedward T, Bates C, Parsons J, Watson J, Chandler S, Fullwood P, Warwood S, Knight D, Clarke RB, Francavilla C. Reciprocal priming between receptor tyrosine kinases at recycling endosomes orchestrates cellular signalling outputs. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107182. [PMID: 34086370 PMCID: PMC8447605 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration of signalling downstream of individual receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is crucial to fine-tune cellular homeostasis during development and in pathological conditions, including breast cancer. However, how signalling integration is regulated and whether the endocytic fate of single receptors controls such signalling integration remains poorly elucidated. Combining quantitative phosphoproteomics and targeted assays, we generated a detailed picture of recycling-dependent fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling in breast cancer cells, with a focus on distinct FGF receptors (FGFRs). We discovered reciprocal priming between FGFRs and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) that is coordinated at recycling endosomes. FGFR recycling ligands induce EGFR phosphorylation on threonine 693. This phosphorylation event alters both FGFR and EGFR trafficking and primes FGFR-mediated proliferation but not cell invasion. In turn, FGFR signalling primes EGF-mediated outputs via EGFR threonine 693 phosphorylation. This reciprocal priming between distinct families of RTKs from recycling endosomes exemplifies a novel signalling integration hub where recycling endosomes orchestrate cellular behaviour. Therefore, targeting reciprocal priming over individual receptors may improve personalized therapies in breast and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Smith
- Division of Molecular and Cellular FunctionSchool of Biological ScienceFaculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH)The University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Harriet R Ferguson
- Division of Molecular and Cellular FunctionSchool of Biological ScienceFaculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH)The University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Jennifer Ferguson
- Division of Molecular and Cellular FunctionSchool of Biological ScienceFaculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH)The University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Egor Zindy
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological Science, FBMHThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Present address:
Center for Microscopy and Molecular ImagingUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)GosseliesBelgium
| | - Katarzyna M Kowalczyk
- Division of Molecular and Cellular FunctionSchool of Biological ScienceFaculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH)The University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Present address:
Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Thomas Kedward
- Division of Cancer SciencesSchool of Medical ScienceFBMHThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Christian Bates
- Division of Molecular and Cellular FunctionSchool of Biological ScienceFaculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH)The University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Joseph Parsons
- Division of Cancer SciencesSchool of Medical ScienceFBMHThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Joanne Watson
- Division of Evolution and Genomic SciencesSchool of Biological ScienceFBMHThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Sarah Chandler
- Division of Molecular and Cellular FunctionSchool of Biological ScienceFaculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH)The University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Paul Fullwood
- Division of Molecular and Cellular FunctionSchool of Biological ScienceFaculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH)The University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Stacey Warwood
- Bio‐MS Core Research FacilityFBMHThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - David Knight
- Bio‐MS Core Research FacilityFBMHThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Robert B Clarke
- Division of Cancer SciencesSchool of Medical ScienceFBMHThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Manchester Breast CentreManchester Cancer Research CentreManchesterUK
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Division of Molecular and Cellular FunctionSchool of Biological ScienceFaculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH)The University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Manchester Breast CentreManchester Cancer Research CentreManchesterUK
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Hernandez-Davies JE, Felgner J, Strohmeier S, Pone EJ, Jain A, Jan S, Nakajima R, Jasinskas A, Strahsburger E, Krammer F, Felgner PL, Davies DH. Administration of Multivalent Influenza Virus Recombinant Hemagglutinin Vaccine in Combination-Adjuvant Elicits Broad Reactivity Beyond the Vaccine Components. Front Immunol 2021; 12:692151. [PMID: 34335601 PMCID: PMC8318558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.692151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining variant antigens into a multivalent vaccine is a traditional approach used to provide broad coverage against antigenically variable pathogens, such as polio, human papilloma and influenza viruses. However, strategies for increasing the breadth of antibody coverage beyond the vaccine are not well understood, but may provide more anticipatory protection. Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) is a prototypic variant antigen. Vaccines that induce HA-specific neutralizing antibodies lose efficacy as amino acid substitutions accumulate in neutralizing epitopes during influenza virus evolution. Here we studied the effect of a potent combination adjuvant (CpG/MPLA/squalene-in-water emulsion) on the breadth and maturation of the antibody response to a representative variant of HA subtypes H1, H5 and H7. Using HA protein microarrays and antigen-specific B cell labelling, we show when administered individually, each HA elicits a cross-reactive antibody profile for multiple variants within the same subtype and other closely-related subtypes (homosubtypic and heterosubtypic cross-reactivity, respectively). Despite a capacity for each subtype to induce heterosubtypic cross-reactivity, broader coverage was elicited by simply combining the subtypes into a multivalent vaccine. Importantly, multiplexing did not compromise antibody avidity or affinity maturation to the individual HA constituents. The use of adjuvants to increase the breadth of antibody coverage beyond the vaccine antigens may help future-proof vaccines against newly-emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E. Hernandez-Davies
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jiin Felgner
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Egest James Pone
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Aarti Jain
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Sharon Jan
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rie Nakajima
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Algimantas Jasinskas
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Erwin Strahsburger
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Philip L. Felgner
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - D. Huw Davies
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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174
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Inflammatory Mechanisms Contributing to Endothelial Dysfunction. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070781. [PMID: 34356845 PMCID: PMC8301477 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of endothelial cell integrity is an important component of human health and disease since the endothelium can perform various functions including regulation of vascular tone, control of hemostasis and thrombosis, cellular adhesion, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and vascular inflammation. Endothelial dysfunction is encompassed by complex pathophysiology that is based on endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling and endothelial activation following stimulation from various inflammatory mediators (molecular patterns, oxidized lipoproteins, cytokines). The downstream signaling via nuclear factor-κB leads to overexpression of adhesion molecules, selectins, and chemokines that facilitate leukocyte adhesion, rolling, and transmigration to the subendothelial space. Moreover, oscillatory shear stress leads to pro-inflammatory endothelial activation with increased monocyte adhesion and endothelial cell apoptosis, an effect that is dependent on multiple pathways and flow-sensitive microRNA regulation. Moreover, the role of neutrophil extracellular traps and NLRP3 inflammasome as inflammatory mechanisms contributing to endothelial dysfunction has recently been unveiled and is under further investigation. Consequently, and following their activation, injured endothelial cells release inflammatory mediators and enter a pro-thrombotic state through activation of coagulation pathways, downregulation of thrombomodulin, and an increase in platelet adhesion and aggregation owing to the action of von-Willebrand factor, ultimately promoting atherosclerosis progression.
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175
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Chen S, Yang X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Lu H, Qiu Y, Cheng L, Li C, Wang C. Inhalable Porous Microspheres Loaded with Metformin and Docosahexaenoic Acid Suppress Tumor Metastasis by Modulating Premetastatic Niche. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2622-2633. [PMID: 34165313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related death; therefore, achieving suppression of tumor metastasis is a long-sought goal in cancer therapy. As the premetastatic niche acts as a prerequisite for tumor metastasis, it serves as an effective target for metastasis suppression. This study tests the feasibility of inhalable porous microspheres loaded with two premetastatic niche modulation agents, metformin and docosahexaenoic acid, as orthotopic delivery carriers for the reversion of lung premetastatic microenvironments and targeted suppression of tumor lung metastasis. The microspheres were prepared via an improved emulsion-solvent evaporation method and exhibit an excellent lung deposition, leading to significant inhibition of circulating tumor cells (CTCs)-endothelial cells adhesion, reduction of vascular permeability, and suppression of adhesion protein expression in lung premetastatic microenvironments. As a result, inhalable microspheres can prevent tumor lung metastasis formation excellently in vivo. Overall, this study proved that the encapsulation of metformin and docosahexaenoic acid in inhalable microspheres could be a promising strategy for tumor lung metastasis inhibition via orthotopically modulating premetastatic niche in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266 Fangzheng Avenue, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Hui Lu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Liting Cheng
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Chong Li
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
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176
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Zhou Z, Cai X, Zhu J, Li Z, Yu G, Liu X, Ouyang G, Xiao W. Zebrafish otud6b Negatively Regulates Antiviral Responses by Suppressing K63-Linked Ubiquitination of irf3 and irf7. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:244-256. [PMID: 34183367 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian tumor domain-containing 6B (OTUD6B) belongs to the OTU deubiquitylating enzyme family. In this study, we report that zebrafish otud6b is induced upon viral infection, and overexpression of otud6b suppresses cellular antiviral response. Disruption of otud6b in zebrafish increases the survival rate upon spring viremia of carp virus and grass carp reovirus exposure. Further assays indicate that otud6b interacts with irf3 and irf7 and diminishes traf6-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination of irf3 and irf7. In addition, the OTU domain is required for otud6b to repress IFN-1 activation and K63-linked polyubiquitination of irf3 and irf7. Moreover, otud6b also attenuates tbk1 to bind to irf3 and irf7, resulting in the impairment of irf3 and irf7 phosphorylation. This study provides, to our knowledge, novel insights into otud6b function and sheds new lights on the regulation of irf3 and irf7 by deubiquitination in IFN-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolian Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junji Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Gang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; .,The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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177
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FXR/TGR5 mediates inflammasome activation and host resistance to bacterial infection. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101051. [PMID: 34179517 PMCID: PMC8214033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are a major cause of chronic infections and mortality. Innate immune control is crucial for protection against bacterial pathogens. Bile acids facilitate intestinal absorption of lipid-soluble nutrients and modulate various metabolic pathways through the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5). Here, we identified a new role of FXR and TGR5 in promoting inflammasome activation during bacterial infection. Caspase-1/11 activation and release of cleaved interleukin (IL)-1β in FXR- and TGR5-deficient mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages upon Listeria monocytogenes or Escherichia coli infection was significantly reduced. In contrast, FXR- or TGR5-deficiency did not affect the transcription of caspase-1/11 and IL-1β. Inflammasome activation is critical for host immune defense against bacterial infections. Consistent with this, the deletion of FXR or TGR5 impaired effective clearance of L. monocytogenes or E. coli in vitro and in vivo, which was associated with greater mortality and bacterial burden than that of wild-type mice. Pretreatment with an FXR agonist decreased bacterial burden in vitro and increased survival in vivo. Thus, FXR and TGR5 promote inflammasome-mediated antimicrobial responses and may represent novel antibacterial therapeutic targets. FXR- or TGR5-deficiency decreases inflammasome activation upon Listeria monocytogenes or Escherichia coli infection. FXR- or TGR5-deficiency impaired effective clearance of L. monocytogenes or E. coli. FXR and TGR5 promote inflammasome-mediated antimicrobial responses.
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178
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Chen R, Du J, Zhu H, Ling Q. The role of cGAS-STING signalling in liver diseases. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100324. [PMID: 34381984 PMCID: PMC8340306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently identified novel cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) activates the downstream adaptor protein stimulator of interferon genes (STING) by catalysing the synthesis of cyclic GMP-AMP. This in turn initiates an innate immune response through the release of various cytokines, including type I interferon. Foreign DNA (microbial infection) or endogenous DNA (nuclear or mitochondrial leakage) can serve as cGAS ligands and lead to the activation of cGAS-STING signalling. Therefore, the cGAS-STING pathway plays essential roles in infectious diseases, sterile inflammation, tumours, and autoimmune diseases. In addition, cGAS-STING signalling affects the progression of liver inflammation through other mechanisms, such as autophagy and metabolism. In this review, we summarise recent advances in our understanding of the role of cGAS-STING signalling in the innate immune modulation of different liver diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting the cGAS-STING pathway in the treatment of liver diseases.
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Key Words
- AIM2, absent in melanoma 2
- ALD, alcohol-related liver disease
- APCs, antigen-presenting cells
- CDNs, cyclic dinucleotides
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- DCs, dendritic cells
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- GVHD, graft-versus-host disease
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HSCs, hepatic stellate cells
- IFN-I, type I interferon
- IL, interleukin
- IRF3, interferon regulatory factor 3
- IRI, ischaemia refusion injury
- KCs, Kupffer cells
- LSECs, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NK cells, natural killer cells
- NPCs, non-parenchymal cells
- PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- PD-1, programmed cell death protein-1
- PD-L1, programmed cell death protein ligand-1
- PPRs, pattern recognition receptors
- SAVI, STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy
- STING, stimulator of interferon genes
- TBK1, TANK-binding kinase 1
- TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumour necrosis factor
- XRCC, X-ray repair cross complementing
- aHSCT, allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
- cGAMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate
- cGAS, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase
- cGAS-STING signalling
- dsDNA, double-strand DNA
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- innate immune response
- liver injury
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
- nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
- ssRNA, single-stranded RNA
- viral hepatitis
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihan Chen
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Ling
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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179
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Emery MA, Dimos BA, Mydlarz LD. Cnidarian Pattern Recognition Receptor Repertoires Reflect Both Phylogeny and Life History Traits. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689463. [PMID: 34248980 PMCID: PMC8260672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are evolutionarily ancient and crucial components of innate immunity, recognizing danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and activating host defenses. Basal non-bilaterian animals such as cnidarians must rely solely on innate immunity to defend themselves from pathogens. By investigating cnidarian PRR repertoires we can gain insight into the evolution of innate immunity in these basal animals. Here we utilize the increasing amount of available genomic resources within Cnidaria to survey the PRR repertoires and downstream immune pathway completeness within 15 cnidarian species spanning two major cnidarian clades, Anthozoa and Medusozoa. Overall, we find that anthozoans possess prototypical PRRs, while medusozoans appear to lack these immune proteins. Additionally, anthozoans consistently had higher numbers of PRRs across all four classes relative to medusozoans, a trend largely driven by expansions in NOD-like receptors and C-type lectins. Symbiotic, sessile, and colonial cnidarians also have expanded PRR repertoires relative to their non-symbiotic, mobile, and solitary counterparts. Interestingly, cnidarians seem to lack key components of mammalian innate immune pathways, though similar to PRR numbers, anthozoans possess more complete immune pathways than medusozoans. Together, our data indicate that anthozoans have greater immune specificity than medusozoans, which we hypothesize to be due to life history traits common within Anthozoa. Overall, this investigation reveals important insights into the evolution of innate immune proteins within these basal animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison A Emery
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Bradford A Dimos
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Laura D Mydlarz
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
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180
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Li Y, Dong Y, Ran Y, Zhang Y, Wu B, Xie J, Cao Y, Mo M, Li S, Deng H, Hao W, Yu S, Wu Y. Three-dimensional cultured mesenchymal stem cells enhance repair of ischemic stroke through inhibition of microglia. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:358. [PMID: 34154653 PMCID: PMC8218508 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We show previously that three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit reduced cell size thus devoid of lung entrapment following intravenous (IV) infusion. In this study, we determined the therapeutic effect of 3D-cultured MSCs on ischemic stroke and investigated the mechanisms involved. METHODS Rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion. 1 × 106 of 3D- or 2D-cultured MSCs, which were pre-labeled with GFP, were injected through the tail vain three and seven days after MCAO. Two days after infusion, MSC engraftment into the ischemic brain tissues was assessed by histological analysis for GFP-expressing cells, and infarct volume was determined by MRI. Microglia in the lesion were sorted and subjected to gene expressional analysis by RNA-seq. RESULTS We found that infusion of 3D-cultured MSCs significantly reduced the infarct volume of the brain with increased engraftment of the cells into the ischemic tissue, compared to 2D-cultured MSCs. Accordingly, in the brain lesion of 3D MSC-treated animals, there were significantly reduced numbers of amoeboid microglia and decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, indicating attenuated activation of the microglia. RNA-seq of microglia derived from the lesions suggested that 3D-cultured MSCs decreased the response of microglia to the ischemic insult. Interestingly, we observed a decreased expression of mincle, a damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) receptor, which induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines, suggestive of a potential mechanism in 3D MSC-mediated enhanced repair to ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that 3D-cultured MSCs exhibit enhanced repair to ischemic stroke, probably through a suppression to ischemia-induced microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yankai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ye Ran
- Department of Neurology, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Boyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jundong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yanpei Cao
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Miaohua Mo
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenbo Hao
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shengyuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yaojiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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181
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Kivanc D, Dasdemir S. The relationship between defects in DNA repair genes and autoinflammatory diseases. Rheumatol Int 2021; 42:1-13. [PMID: 34091703 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-021-04906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tissue inflammation and damage with the abnormal and overactivation of innate immune system results with the development of a hereditary disease group of autoinflammatory diseases. Multiple numbers of DNA damage develop with the continuous exposure to endogenous and exogenous genotoxic effects, and these damages are repaired through the DNA damage response governed by the genes involved in the DNA repair mechanisms, and proteins of these genes. Studies showed that DNA damage might trigger the innate immune response through nuclear DNA accumulation in the cytoplasm, and through chronic DNA damage response which signals itself and/or by micronucleus. The aim of the present review is to identify the effect of mutation that occurred in DNA repair genes on development of DNA damage response and autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Kivanc
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Dasdemir
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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182
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Dong L, Dong J, Xiang M, Lei P, Li Z, Zhang F, Sun X, Niu D, Bai L, Lan K. NDRG1 facilitates lytic replication of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus by maintaining the stability of the KSHV helicase. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009645. [PMID: 34077484 PMCID: PMC8202935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The presumed DNA helicase encoded by ORF44 of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) plays a crucial role in unwinding viral double-stranded DNA and initiating DNA replication during lytic reactivation. However, the regulatory mechanism of KSHV ORF44 has not been fully elucidated. In a previous study, we identified that N-Myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), a host scaffold protein, facilitates viral genome replication by interacting with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the latent viral protein latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) during viral latency. In the present study, we further demonstrated that NDRG1 can interact with KSHV ORF44 during viral lytic replication. We also found that the mRNA and protein levels of NDRG1 were significantly increased by KSHV ORF50-encoded replication and transcription activator (RTA). Remarkably, knockdown of NDRG1 greatly decreased the protein level of ORF44 and impaired viral lytic replication. Interestingly, NDRG1 enhanced the stability of ORF44 and inhibited its ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation by reducing the polyubiquitination of the lysine residues at positions 79 and 368 in ORF44. In summary, NDRG1 is a novel binding partner of ORF44 and facilitates viral lytic replication by maintaining the stability of ORF44. This study provides new insight into the mechanisms underlying KSHV lytic replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiazhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zixian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Danping Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (LB); (KL)
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (LB); (KL)
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183
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Mai J, Li Z, Xia X, Zhang J, Li J, Liu H, Shen J, Ramirez M, Li F, Li Z, Yokoi K, Liu X, Mittendorf EA, Ferrari M, Shen H. Synergistic Activation of Antitumor Immunity by a Particulate Therapeutic Vaccine. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2100166. [PMID: 34194942 PMCID: PMC8224417 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Success in anticancer immune therapy relies on stimulation of tumor antigen-specific T lymphocytes and effective infiltration of the T cells into tumor tissue. Here, a therapeutic vaccine that promotes proliferation and tumor infiltration of antigen-specific T cells in both inflamed and noninflamed tumor types is described. The vaccine consists of STING agonist 2'3'-cGAMP, TLR9 ligand CpG, and tumor antigen peptides that are loaded into nanoporous microparticles (μGCVax). μGCVax is effective in inhibiting lung metastatic melanoma, primary breast cancer, and subcutaneous colorectal cancer in their respective murine models, including functional cure of HER2-positive breast cancer. Mechanistically, μGCVax potently stimulates type I interferon expression in dendritic cells, and promotes CD8+ and CD103+ dendritic cell maturation and migration to lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissues. Antitumor responses are dependent on TLR9 and interferon α/β receptor signaling, and to a less extent on STING signaling. These results demonstrate a high potential for μGCVax in mediating antitumor immunity in personalized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Mai
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Academic InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Zhaoqi Li
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Academic InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan410000China
| | - Xiaojun Xia
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Academic InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
- Department of Experimental MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangzhou510060China
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Academic InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan410000China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Academic InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan410000China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Academic InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Jianliang Shen
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Academic InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
- School of Ophthalmology & OptometrySchool of Biomedical EngineeringWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Maricela Ramirez
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Academic InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Feng Li
- Center for BioenergeticsHouston Methodist Academic InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Center for BioenergeticsHouston Methodist Academic InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Kenji Yokoi
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Academic InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Academic InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Mittendorf
- Department of SurgeryBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMA02115USA
- Breast Oncology ProgramDana‐Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer CenterBostonMA02115USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Academic InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
- Houston Methodist Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY10065USA
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184
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Liu D, Tan Q, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Xue Y, Song Y, Liu Y, Wang Q, Lai L. MicroRNA-33/33* inhibit the activation of MAVS through AMPK in antiviral innate immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1450-1462. [PMID: 31767975 PMCID: PMC8167167 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity plays a prominent role in the host defense against pathogens and must be precisely regulated. As vital orchestrators in cholesterol homeostasis, microRNA-33/33* have been widely investigated in cellular metabolism. However, their role in antiviral innate immunity is largely unknown. Here, we report that VSV stimulation decreased the expression of miR-33/33* through an IFNAR-dependent manner in macrophages. Overexpression of miR-33/33* resulted in impaired RIG-I signaling, enhancing viral load and lethality whereas attenuating type I interferon production both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, miR-33/33* specifically prevented the mitochondrial adaptor mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) from forming activated aggregates by targeting adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), subsequently impeding the mitophagy-mediated elimination of damaged mitochondria and disturbing mitochondrial homeostasis which is indispensable for efficient MAVS activation. Our findings establish miR-33/33* as negative modulators of the RNA virus-triggered innate immune response and identify a previously unknown regulatory mechanism linking mitochondrial homeostasis with antiviral signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhui Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qinchun Tan
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Yue Xue
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yinjing Song
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Lihua Lai
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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185
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Odoardi N, Kourko O, Petes C, Basta S, Gee K. TLR7 Ligation Inhibits TLR8 Responsiveness in IL-27-Primed Human THP-1 Monocytes and Macrophages. J Innate Immun 2021; 13:345-358. [PMID: 34058746 DOI: 10.1159/000515738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression is critical in the face of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus infections. Many viruses, including coronavirus and influenza virus, wreak havoc on the control of cytokine expression, leading to the formation of detrimental cytokine storms. Understanding the regulation and interplay between inflammatory cytokines is critical to the identification of targets involved in controlling the induction of cytokine expression. In this study, we focused on how the antiviral cytokine interleukin-27 (IL-27) regulates signal transduction downstream of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR8 ligation, which recognize endosomal single-stranded RNA. Given that IL-27 alters bacterial-sensing TLR expression on myeloid cells and can inhibit replication of single-stranded RNA viruses, we investigated whether IL-27 affects expression and function of TLR7 and TLR8. Analysis of IL-27-treated THP-1 monocytic cells and THP-1-derived macrophages revealed changes in mRNA and protein expression of TLR7 and TLR8. Although treatment with IL-27 enhanced TLR7 expression, only TLR8-mediated cytokine secretion was amplified. Furthermore, we demonstrated that imiquimod, a TLR7 agonist, inhibited cytokine and chemokine production induced by a TLR8 agonist, TL8-506. Delineating the immunomodulatory role of IL-27 on TLR7 and TLR8 responses provides insight into how myeloid cell TLR-mediated responses are regulated during virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Odoardi
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olena Kourko
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlene Petes
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sameh Basta
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katrina Gee
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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186
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Dudek AM, Porteus MH. Answered and Unanswered Questions in Early-Stage Viral Vector Transduction Biology and Innate Primary Cell Toxicity for Ex-Vivo Gene Editing. Front Immunol 2021; 12:660302. [PMID: 34122418 PMCID: PMC8195279 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.660302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus is a highly efficient DNA delivery vehicle for genome editing strategies that employ CRISPR/Cas9 and a DNA donor for homology-directed repair. Many groups have used this strategy in development of therapies for blood and immune disorders such as sickle-cell anemia and severe-combined immunodeficiency. However, recent events have called into question the immunogenicity of AAV as a gene therapy vector and the safety profile dictated by the immune response to this vector. The target cells dictating this response and the molecular mechanisms dictating cellular response to AAV are poorly understood. Here, we will investigate the current known AAV capsid and genome interactions with cellular proteins during early stage vector transduction and how these interactions may influence innate cellular responses. We will discuss the current understanding of innate immune activation and DNA damage response to AAV, and the limitations of what is currently known. In particular, we will focus on pathway differences in cell line verses primary cells, with a focus on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the context of ex-vivo gene editing, and what we can learn from HSPC infection by other parvoviruses. Finally, we will discuss how innate immune and DNA damage response pathway activation in these highly sensitive stem cell populations may impact long-term engraftment and clinical outcomes as these gene-editing strategies move towards the clinic, with the aim to propose pathways relevant for improved hematopoietic stem cell survival and long-term engraftment after AAV-mediated genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Mary Dudek
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Matthew Hebden Porteus
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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187
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He X, Li T, Qin K, Luo S, Li Z, Ji Q, Song H, He H, Tang H, Han C, Li H, Luo Y. Demalonylation of DDX3 by Sirtuin 5 promotes antiviral innate immune responses. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:7235-7246. [PMID: 34158847 PMCID: PMC8210596 DOI: 10.7150/thno.52934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Hosts defend against viral infection by sensing viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activating antiviral innate immunity through TBK1-IRF3 signaling. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Methods: SiRNAs targeting Sirt1-7 were transfected into macrophages to screen the antiviral function. Sirt5 deficient mice or macrophages were subjected to viral infection to assess in vivo and in vitro function of Sirt5 by detecting cytokines, viral replicates and survival rate. Immunoprecipitation, WesternBlot and luciferase reporter assay were used to reveal molecular mechanism. Results: In this study, we functionally screened seven Sirtuin family members, and found that Sirtuin5 (Sirt5) promotes antiviral signaling and responses. Sirt5 deficiency leads to attenuated antiviral innate immunity in vivo and in vitro upon viral infection by decreasing TBK1-IRF3 activation and type I IFN production. Sirt5 overexpression increased antiviral innate immunity. Mechanism investigation revealed that Sirt5 interacts with DDX3 and demalonylates DDX3, which is critical for TBK1-IRF3 activation. Mutation of the demalonylation lysine sites (K66, K130, and K162) of DDX3 increased ifnβ transcription. Furthermore, the acetylation on lysine 118 of DDX3 positively regulated ifnβ transcription, whereas Sirt5 could not deacetylate this site. Conclusion: Sirt5 promotes anti- RNA and DNA virus innate immune responses by increasing TBK1 signaling through demalonylating DDX3, which identifies a novel regulatory pathway of antiviral innate immune response.
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188
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Decreased Expression of the Host Long-Noncoding RNA-GM Facilitates Viral Escape by Inhibiting the Kinase activity TBK1 via S-glutathionylation. Immunity 2021; 53:1168-1181.e7. [PMID: 33326766 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Viruses have evolved multiple strategies to evade elimination by the immune system. Here we examined the contribution of host long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in viral immune evasion. By functional screening of lncRNAs whose expression decreased upon viral infection of macrophages, we identified a lncRNA (lncRNA-GM, Gene Symbol: AK189470.1) that promoted type I interferon (IFN-I) production and inhibited viral replication. Deficiency of lncRNA-GM in mice increased susceptibility to viral infection and impaired IFN-I production. Mechanistically, lncRNA-GM bound to glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and blocked GSTM1 interaction with the kinase TBK1, reducing GSTM1-mediated S-glutathionylation of TBK1. Decreased S-glutathionylation enhanced TBK1 activity and downstream production of antiviral mediators. Viral infection reprogrammed intracellular glutathione metabolism and furthermore, an oxidized glutathione mimetic could inhibit TBK1 activity and promote viral replication. Our findings reveal regulation of TBK1 by S-glutathionylation and provide insight into the viral mediated metabolic changes that impact innate immunity and viral evasion.
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189
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Rational design of innate defense regulator peptides as tumor vaccine adjuvants. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:75. [PMID: 34016984 PMCID: PMC8138013 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of adjuvants has been an empirical process. Efforts to develop a new design and evaluation system for novel adjuvants are not only desirable but also necessary. Moreover, composite adjuvants that contain two or more types of adjuvants to synergistically enhance the immune response are important for adjuvant and vaccine design. Innate defense regulator peptides (IDRs) are promising adjuvants for clinical immunotherapy because they exhibit multifaceted immunomodulatory capabilities. However, the rational design and discovery of IDRs that have improved immunomodulatory activities have been hampered by the lack of screening techniques and the great challenges in the identification of their interaction partners. Here, we describe a screening and evaluation system for IDR design. On the basis of in vitro screening, the optimized IDR DP7 recruited neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages to the site of infection. The adjuvant, comprising the DP7 and CpG oligonucleotide (CpG), induced chemokine/cytokine expression, enhanced the antigen uptake by dendritic cells and upregulated surface marker expression in dendritic cells. Vaccination with the NY-ESO-1 or OVA antigens combined with the adjuvant alum/CpG/DP7 strongly suppressed tumor growth in mice which was due to the improvement of antigen-specific humoral and cellular immunity. Regarding the mechanism of action, GPR35 may be the potential interaction partner of DP7. Our study revealed the potential application of the screening and evaluation system as a strategy for rationally designing effective IDRs or composite adjuvants and identifying their mechanism of action.
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190
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Small molecules targeting ubiquitination to control inflammatory diseases. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2414-2422. [PMID: 33992766 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitination and deubiquitination of proteins govern signal transduction in every aspect of physiology and pathology, especially in cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Rapid progress has been made in obtaining an in-depth understanding of the ubiquitination system since its first discovery during the 1970s. Manipulation of ubiquitination by small molecules is considered a novel therapeutic avenue. In this review, we summarize key applications of small molecules targeting ubiquitination enzymes and currently available technologies applied to the discovery of small molecules that control ubiquitination.
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191
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Chen X, Sun D, Dong S, Zhai H, Kong N, Zheng H, Tong W, Li G, Shan T, Tong G. Host Interferon-Stimulated Gene 20 Inhibits Pseudorabies Virus Proliferation. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1027-1035. [PMID: 33830434 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Host interferon-stimulated gene 20 (ISG20) exerts antiviral effects on viruses by degrading viral RNA or by enhancing IFN signaling. Here, we examined the role of ISG20 during pseudorabies virus (PRV) proliferation. We found that ISG20 modulates PRV replication by enhancing IFN signaling. Further, ISG20 expression was upregulated following PRV infection and poly(I:C) treatment. Ectopic expression of ISG20 inhibited PRV proliferation in PK15 cells, whereas knockdown of ISG20 promoted PRV proliferation. In addition, ISG20 expression upregulated IFN-β expression and enhanced IFN downstream signaling during PRV infection. Notably, PRV UL24 suppressed the transcription of ISG20, thus antagonizing its antiviral effect. Further domain mapping analysis showed that the N terminus (amino acids 1-90) of UL24 was responsible for the inhibition of ISG20 transcription. Collectively, these findings characterize the role of ISG20 in suppressing PRV replication and increase the understanding of host-PRV interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Chen
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Dage Sun
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Sujie Dong
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Huanjie Zhai
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ning Kong
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Tongling Shan
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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192
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Yuan M, Jiang Z, Bi G, Nomura K, Liu M, Wang Y, Cai B, Zhou JM, He SY, Xin XF. Pattern-recognition receptors are required for NLR-mediated plant immunity. Nature 2021; 592:105-109. [PMID: 33692546 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.10.031294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The plant immune system is fundamental for plant survival in natural ecosystems and for productivity in crop fields. Substantial evidence supports the prevailing notion that plants possess a two-tiered innate immune system, called pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). PTI is triggered by microbial patterns via cell surface-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), whereas ETI is activated by pathogen effector proteins via predominantly intracellularly localized receptors called nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs)1-4. PTI and ETI are initiated by distinct activation mechanisms and involve different early signalling cascades5,6. Here we show that Arabidopsis PRR and PRR co-receptor mutants-fls2 efr cerk1 and bak1 bkk1 cerk1 triple mutants-are markedly impaired in ETI responses when challenged with incompatible Pseudomonas syrinage bacteria. We further show that the production of reactive oxygen species by the NADPH oxidase RBOHD is a critical early signalling event connecting PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity, and that the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase BIK1 is necessary for full activation of RBOHD, gene expression and bacterial resistance during ETI. Moreover, NLR signalling rapidly augments the transcript and/or protein levels of key PTI components. Our study supports a revised model in which potentiation of PTI is an indispensable component of ETI during bacterial infection. This revised model conceptually unites two major immune signalling cascades in plants and mechanistically explains some of the long-observed similarities in downstream defence outputs between PTI and ETI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhang Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyu Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kinya Nomura
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Menghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Boying Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiu-Fang Xin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS-JIC Center of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences (CEPAMS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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193
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Hu J, Xia X, Zhao Q, Li S. Lysine acetylation of NKG2D ligand Rae-1 stabilizes the protein and sensitizes tumor cells to NKG2D immune surveillance. Cancer Lett 2021; 502:143-153. [PMID: 33279621 PMCID: PMC10142196 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Shedding, loss of expression, or internalization of natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) ligands from the tumor cell surface leads to immune evasion, which is associated with poor prognosis in patients with cancer. In many cancers, matrix metalloproteinases cause the proteolytic shedding of NKG2D ligands. However, it remained unclear how to protect NKG2D ligands from shedding. Here, we showed that the shedding of the mouse NKG2D ligand Rae-1 can be prevented by two critical acetyltransferases, GCN5 and PCAF, which acetylate the lysine residues of Rae-1 to avoid shedding both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, mutations at lysines 80 and 87 of Rae-1 abrogated this acetylation and thereby desensitized tumor cells to NKG2D-dependent immune surveillance. Notably, the protein levels of GCN5 correlated with the expression levels of the human NKG2D ligand ULPB1 in a human tumor tissue microarray and, more importantly, with prolonged overall survival in many cancers. Our results suggest that the acetylation of Rae-1 protein at lysines 80 and 87 by GCN5 and PCAF protects Rae-1 from shedding so as to activate NKG2D-dependent immune surveillance. This discovery may shed light on new targets for NKG2D immunotherapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemiao Hu
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 853, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xueqing Xia
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 853, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qingnan Zhao
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 853, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shulin Li
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 853, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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194
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Pattern-recognition receptors are required for NLR-mediated plant immunity. Nature 2021; 592:105-109. [PMID: 33692546 PMCID: PMC8016741 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 495] [Impact Index Per Article: 165.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The plant immune system is fundamental for plant survival in natural ecosystems and for productivity in crop fields. Substantial evidence supports the prevailing notion that plants possess a two-tiered innate immune system, called pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). PTI is triggered by microbial patterns via cell surface-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), whereas ETI is activated by pathogen effector proteins via predominantly intracellularly localized receptors called nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs)1-4. PTI and ETI are initiated by distinct activation mechanisms and involve different early signalling cascades5,6. Here we show that Arabidopsis PRR and PRR co-receptor mutants-fls2 efr cerk1 and bak1 bkk1 cerk1 triple mutants-are markedly impaired in ETI responses when challenged with incompatible Pseudomonas syrinage bacteria. We further show that the production of reactive oxygen species by the NADPH oxidase RBOHD is a critical early signalling event connecting PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity, and that the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase BIK1 is necessary for full activation of RBOHD, gene expression and bacterial resistance during ETI. Moreover, NLR signalling rapidly augments the transcript and/or protein levels of key PTI components. Our study supports a revised model in which potentiation of PTI is an indispensable component of ETI during bacterial infection. This revised model conceptually unites two major immune signalling cascades in plants and mechanistically explains some of the long-observed similarities in downstream defence outputs between PTI and ETI.
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195
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Jiang Q, Li Q, Liu B, Li G, Riedemann G, Gaitantzi H, Breitkopf-Heinlein K, Zeng A, Ding H, Xu K. BMP9 promotes methionine- and choline-deficient diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in non-obese mice by enhancing NF-κB dependent macrophage polarization. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107591. [PMID: 33812253 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study confirmed that bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) participated in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by affecting macrophage polarization. The focus of this study was to further confirm the role of macrophages in BMP9-mediated NASH and to analyze the underlying mechanism. In vivo, mice that were administered adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors containing a null transgene (AAV-null) or the BMP9 transgene (AAV-BMP9) were divided into methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) and control diet (CD) groups, and they were administered either control liposomes or clodronate liposomes via tail vein injection, the latter to deplete macrophages. The mice were sacrificed after 4 weeks of MCD diet feeding. In vitro, RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with or without BAY11-7085 (an NF-κB inhibitor) and stimulated with recombinant human BMP9 (rh-BMP9). To explore the underlying mechanism of action of BMP9, primary human monocyte-derived macrophages were additionally investigated and immunohistochemistry, biochemical assays, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting were used. The characteristics of NASH-related inflammation were assessed by hepatic histological analysis. Serum AST and ALT and hepatic triglyceride were examined by biochemical assays. We found that the expression of M1 macrophage genes (including CD86, IL1β, IL6, MCP-1 and TNFα) and the number of M1 macrophages (iNOS+ macrophages) in the liver were significantly elevated after BMP9 overexpression and BMP9 directly upregulated TLR4 expression in MCD-induced NASH. These effects were eliminated by macrophage depletion. In vitro, we discovered that BMP9 enhanced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB to induce macrophage M1 polarization in RAW264.7 cells and it promoted LPS-mediated activation of the NF-κB pathway in primary human macrophages. Taken together, this study demonstrates that BMP9 promotes NASH development by directly acting on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing You'an Hospital Affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guixin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Gabriel Riedemann
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Haristi Gaitantzi
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany; Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Katja Breitkopf-Heinlein
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany; Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Ajuan Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing You'an Hospital Affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Huiguo Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing You'an Hospital Affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Keshu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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196
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Li Y, Huang X, Guo F, Lei T, Li S, Monaghan-Nichols P, Jiang Z, Xin HB, Fu M. TRIM65 E3 ligase targets VCAM-1 degradation to limit LPS-induced lung inflammation. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:190-201. [PMID: 31310649 PMCID: PMC7181722 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the adhesion molecules-mediated leukocyte adherence and infiltration into tissues is an important step of inflammation, the post-translational regulation of these proteins on the endothelial cells is poorly understood. Here, we report that TRIM65, an ubiquitin E3 ligase of tripartite protein family, selectively targets vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and promotes its ubiquitination and degradation, by which it critically controls the duration and magnitude of sepsis-induced pulmonary inflammation. TRIM65 is constitutively expressed in human vascular endothelial cells. During TNFα-induced endothelial activation, the protein levels of TRIM65 and VCAM-1 are inversely correlated. Expression of wild-type TRIM65, but not expression of a TRIM65 mutant that lacks E3 ubiquitin ligase function in endothelial cells, promotes VCAM-1 ubiquitination and degradation, whereas small interference RNA-mediated knockdown of TRIM65 attenuates VCAM-1 protein degradation. Further experiments show that TRIM65 directly interacts with VCAM-1 protein and directs its polyubiquitination, by which TRIM65 controls monocyte adherence and infiltration into tissues during inflammation. Importantly, TRIM65-deficient mice are more sensitive to lipopolysaccharide-induced death, due to sustained and severe pulmonary inflammation. Taken together, our studies suggest that TRIM65-mediated degradation of VCAM-1 represents a potential mechanism that controls the duration and magnitude of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Tianhua Lei
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Shitao Li
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary and Health sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Paula Monaghan-Nichols
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Zhisheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Mingui Fu
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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197
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Yan W, Ni Y, Liu X, Zhao H, Chen Y, Jia M, Liu M, Liu H, Tian B. The mechanism of sesame resistance against Macrophomina phaseolina was revealed via a comparison of transcriptomes of resistant and susceptible sesame genotypes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:159. [PMID: 33781203 PMCID: PMC8008628 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sesame (Sesamum indicum) charcoal rot, a destructive fungal disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid (MP), is a great threat to the yield and quality of sesame. However, there is a lack of information about the gene-for-gene relationship between sesame and MP, and the molecular mechanism behind the interaction is not yet clear. The aim of this study was to interpret the molecular mechanism of sesame resistance against MP in disease-resistant (DR) and disease-susceptible (DS) genotypes based on transcriptomics. This is the first report of the interaction between sesame and MP using this method. RESULTS A set of core genes that response to MP were revealed by comparative transcriptomics and they were preferentially associated with GO terms such as ribosome-related processes, fruit ripening and regulation of jasmonic acid mediated signalling pathway. It is also exhibited that translational mechanism and transcriptional mechanism could co-activate in DR so that it can initiate the immunity to MP more rapidly. According to weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of differentially expressed gene sets between two genotypes, we found that leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) proteins may assume an important job in sesame resistance against MP. Notably, compared with DS, most key genes were induced in DR such as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and resistance genes, indicating that DR initiated stronger pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Finally, the study showed that JA/ET and SA signalling pathways all play an important role in sesame resistance to MP. CONCLUSIONS The defence response to MP of sesame, a complex bioprocess involving many phytohormones and disease resistance-related genes, was illustrated at the transcriptional level in our investigation. The findings shed more light on further understanding of different responses to MP in resistant and susceptible sesame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Yan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yunxia Ni
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xintao Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Min Jia
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Baoming Tian
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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198
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Engineering a sustained release vaccine with a pathogen-mimicking manner for robust and durable immune responses. J Control Release 2021; 333:162-175. [PMID: 33794269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sustained release vaccine carriers can facilitate an increased interaction time between the antigen and immune system to strengthen immune responses, but their promotion on adaptive immune responses, especially cellular immunity, are still unfavorable. Herein, we report a sustained antigen delivery vector, which carries abundant antigens, a nucleic acid adjuvant and pathogen-associated molecular patterns to simulate a natural pathogen to reinforce immune responses. Specifically, murine colorectal cancer cells MC38 lysate and Toll-like receptor 9 agonist CpG are loaded into yeast derived β-glucan particles (GPs). After vaccination, these particles can form a vaccine depot that continuously release the antigen similar to the traditional aluminum hydroxide gel, but recruit more immune cells and induce more cytokine secretion at the injection site. Stronger antibody responses, Th1 and Th17 biased cellular immunity and immune memory are achieved compared with aluminum hydroxide gel. More importantly, treatment with these particles significantly suppress tumor growth in a therapeutic tumor model. This work shed light on the efficacy of combining sustained antigen release with pathogen-mimicking manner in vaccine design.
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199
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Zou Z, Li M, Zhou Y, Li J, Pan T, Lai L, Wang Q, Zhang L, Wang Q, Song Y, Zhang Y. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Protein 8-Like 2 Negatively Regulates Innate Immunity Against RNA Virus by Targeting RIG-I in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:642715. [PMID: 33815396 PMCID: PMC8017232 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.642715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic and flexible immunoregulatory network is required to ensure the proper outcome of antiviral immune signaling and maintain homeostasis during viral infection. Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2), a novel immunoregulatory protein, has been extensively studied in inflammatory response, apoptosis, and cancer. However, the function of TIPE2 in antiviral innate immunity is poorly clarified. In this study, we reported that the expression of TIPE2 declined at the early period and then climbed up in macrophages under RNA virus stimulation. Knockout of TIPE2 in the macrophages enhanced the antiviral capacity and facilitated type I interferon (IFN) signaling after RNA viral infection both in vitro and in vivo. Consistently, overexpression of TIPE2 inhibited the production of type I IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and thus promoted the viral infection. Moreover, TIPE2 restrained the activation of TBK1 and IRF3 in the retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLR) signaling pathway by directly interacting with retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I). Taken together, our results suggested that TIPE2 suppresses the type I IFN response induced by RNA virus by targeting RIG-I and blocking the activation of downstream signaling. These findings will provide new insights to reveal the immunological function of TIPE2 and may help to develop new strategies for the clinical treatment of RNA viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zou
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunlian Zhou
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Lai
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lining Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yinjing Song
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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200
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Vo TTT, Lee CW, Chiang YC, Chen YW, Yu YH, Tuan VP, Wu CZ, Lee IT. Protective mechanisms of Taiwanese green propolis toward high glucose-induced inflammation via NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:804-818. [PMID: 33729569 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate protective effects of Taiwanese green propolis (TGP) against high glucose-induced inflammatory responses in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) through NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. BACKGROUND NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the progression of both diabetes mellitus and periodontitis, suggesting a common potential therapeutic target for these diseases. Propolis is renowned for various biological activities, particularly anti-inflammation and antioxidant, representing a promising therapy for many conditions. However, underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS The cytotoxicity of TGP was evaluated by cell viability assay. The mRNA levels and protein expression or secretion of various inflammatory molecules and NLRP3 inflammasome-related molecules in high glucose-exposed HGFs with or without pretreatment of TGP (5 μg/ml) were determined by real-time PCR and western blot or specific kits, respectively. Intracellular and mitochondrial ROS measurements, NADPH oxidase activity determination, and subcellular fractions were performed to assess ROS generation. The transcriptional activity of NF-κB was measured by luciferase reporter kit. The signaling components were further differentiated using pharmacological inhibitors of ROS and small interfering RNAs of TLR2, TLR4, or NF-κB. RESULTS High glucose could induce IL-1β-driven inflammatory responses in HGFs via the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome regulated by TLR2/TLR4 coupled ROS in NF-κB-dependent manner. TGP had no adverse impact on the cell viability of HGFs at concentrations no greater than 10 μg/ml, and could exert inhibitory effects on high glucose-induced inflammatory responses via the interruption of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Taiwanese green propolis could elicit protective effects against IL-1β-driven inflammation in high glucose-exposed HGFs through TLR2/TLR4 combined ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thuy Tien Vo
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Wen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Taiwan.,Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chiang
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Wen Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Vo Phuoc Tuan
- Endoscopy Department, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ching-Zong Wu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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