151
|
Zheng C. The emerging roles of the MARCH ligases in antiviral innate immunity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:423-427. [PMID: 33428955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-associated RING (really interesting new gene)-cysteine-histidine (CH) (MARCH) ubiquitin ligases belong to a RING finger domain E3 ligases family. So far, eleven members have been found in the MARCH family, which are MARCH 1 to 11. The members of the MARCH family are widely distributed and involve in a variety of cellular functions, including regulation of the immune system, transmembrane transport of proteins, protein stability, endoplasmic reticulum-related degradation, and endosome protein transport. Several seminal studies over the past decade have delineated that MARCH affects viral replication through various mechanisms by regulating the activity of signaling molecules and their expression in the antiviral innate immune responses. Here, we summarize the complex roles of MARCH ligases in the antiviral innate immune signaling pathway and its impact on viral replication in host immune defense systems. A better understanding of this interplay's molecular mechanisms is important concerning the development of new therapeutics targeting viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Campbell AM, Decker RH. Immunotherapy and Radiotherapy: New Strategies. Lung Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74028-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
153
|
Qiu CC, Kotredes KP, Cremers T, Patel S, Afanassiev A, Slifker M, Gallucci S, Gamero AM. Targeted Stat2 deletion in conventional dendritic cells impairs CTL responses but does not affect antibody production. Oncoimmunology 2020; 10:1860477. [PMID: 33457079 PMCID: PMC7781843 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1860477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT2 is a central component of the ISGF3 transcriptional complex downstream of type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling. The significance of in vivo IFN-I/STAT1 signals in cDCs is well-established in the generation of antitumor cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses. However, the role of STAT2 has remained elusive. Here, we report a clinical correlation between cDC markers and STAT2 associated with better survival in human metastatic melanoma. In a murine tumor transplantation model, targeted Stat2 deletion in CD11c+cDCs enhanced tumor growth unaffected by IFNβ therapy. Furthermore, STAT2 was essential for both, the activation of CD8a+cDCs and CD11b+cDCs and antigen cross-presentation in vivo for the generation of robust T cell killing response. In contrast, STAT2 in CD11c+cDCs was dispensable for stimulating an antigen-specific humoral response, which was impaired in global Stat2 deficient mice. Thus, our studies indicate that STAT2 in cDCs is critical in host IFN-I signals by sculpting CTL responses against tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Connie C Qiu
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin P Kotredes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tess Cremers
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sajan Patel
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra Afanassiev
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Slifker
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stefania Gallucci
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ana M Gamero
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Gasco S, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. A Review on the Current Knowledge on ZIKV Infection and the Interest of Organoids and Nanotechnology on Development of Effective Therapies against Zika Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010035. [PMID: 33375140 PMCID: PMC7792973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) acquired a special relevance due to the pandemic that occurred in the Americas in 2015, when an important number of fetal microcephaly cases occurred. Since then, numerous studies have tried to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms and the potential therapeutic approaches to combat the virus. Cellular and animal models have proved to be a basic resource for this research, with the more recent addition of organoids as a more realistic and physiological 3D culture for the study of ZIKV. Nanotechnology can also offer a promising therapeutic tool, as the nanoparticles developed by this field can penetrate cells and deliver a wide array of drugs in a very specific and controlled way inside the cells. These two state-of-the-art scientific tools clearly provide a very relevant resource for the study of ZIKV, and will help researchers find an effective treatment or vaccine against the virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Gasco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain;
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular (HGUGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain;
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular (HGUGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, 28001 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28001 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-91-462-4684
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
McVey MJ, Steinberg BE, Goldenberg NM. Inflammasome activation in acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 320:L165-L178. [PMID: 33296269 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00303.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes tasked with sensing endogenous or exogenous inflammatory signals and integrating this signal into a downstream response. Inflammasome activation has been implicated in a variety of pulmonary diseases, including pulmonary hypertension, bacterial pneumonia, COPD, and asthma. Of increasing interest is the contribution of inflammasome activation in the context of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). Inflammasome activation in both the lung parenchyma and resident immune cells generates intereukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, both of which drive the cascade of lung inflammation forward. Blockade of these responses has been shown to be beneficial in animal models and is a focus of translational research in the field. In this review, we will discuss the assembly and regulation of inflammasomes during lung inflammation, highlighting therapeutically viable effector steps. We will examine the importance of IL-1β and IL-18, two key products of inflammasome activation, in ALI, as well as the contribution of the pulmonary endothelial cell to this process. Finally, we will explore translational research moving toward anti-inflammasome therapies for ALI/ARDS and speculate toward future directions for the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J McVey
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin E Steinberg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil M Goldenberg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Alnefaie A, Albogami S. Current approaches used in treating COVID-19 from a molecular mechanisms and immune response perspective. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1333-1352. [PMID: 32905015 PMCID: PMC7462599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 targets the respiratory system, resulting in symptoms such as fever, headache, dry cough, dyspnea, and dizziness. These symptoms vary from person to person, ranging from mild to hypoxia with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sometimes death. Although not confirmed, phylogenetic analysis suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may have originated from bats; the intermediary facilitating its transfer from bats to humans is unknown. Owing to the rapid spread of infection and high number of deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2, most countries have enacted strict curfews and the practice of social distancing while awaiting the availability of effective U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications and/or vaccines. This review offers an overview of the various types of coronaviruses (CoVs), their targeted hosts and cellular receptors, a timeline of their emergence, and the roles of key elements of the immune system in fighting pathogen attacks, while focusing on SARS-CoV-2 and its genomic structure and pathogenesis. Furthermore, we review drugs targeting COVID-19 that are under investigation and in clinical trials, in addition to progress using mesenchymal stem cells to treat COVID-19. We conclude by reviewing the latest updates on COVID-19 vaccine development. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with host cells and stimulates the immune response is extremely important, especially as scientists look for new strategies to guide their development of specific COVID-19 therapies and vaccines.
Collapse
Key Words
- ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- AHFS, American Hospital Formula Service
- ANGII, angiotensin II
- APCs, antigen presenting cells
- ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease
- CoVs, coronaviruses
- Coronavirus
- GVHD, graft versus host disease
- HCoVs, human coronoaviruses
- IBV, infectious bronchitis coronavirus
- IFN-γ, interferon-gamma
- ILCs, innate lymphoid cells
- Investigational medications
- MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome
- NKs, natural killer cells
- ORFs, open reading frames
- PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- Pandemic
- Pathophysiology
- RdRp, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus
- TMPRSS2, transmembrane serine protease 2
- Viral immune response
- WHO, World Health Organization
- nsps, nonstructural proteins
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Alnefaie
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Alam SB, Willows S, Kulka M, Sandhu JK. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may be an underappreciated pathogen of the central nervous system. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:2348-2360. [PMID: 32668062 PMCID: PMC7405269 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a highly contagious respiratory disease referred to as COVID-19. However, emerging evidence indicates that a small but growing number of COVID-19 patients also manifest neurological symptoms, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may infect the nervous system under some circumstances. SARS-CoV-2 primarily enters the body through the epithelial lining of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, but under certain conditions this pleiotropic virus may also infect peripheral nerves and gain entry into the central nervous system (CNS). The brain is shielded by various anatomical and physiological barriers, most notably the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which functions to prevent harmful substances, including pathogens and pro-inflammatory mediators, from entering the brain. The BBB is composed of highly specialized endothelial cells, pericytes, mast cells and astrocytes that form the neurovascular unit, which regulates BBB permeability and maintains the integrity of the CNS. In this review, potential routes of viral entry and the possible mechanisms utilized by SARS-CoV-2 to penetrate the CNS, either by disrupting the BBB or infecting the peripheral nerves and using the neuronal network to initiate neuroinflammation, are briefly discussed. Furthermore, the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the brain and in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases known to be associated with other human coronaviruses are considered. Although the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the CNS and neurovirulence are currently unknown, the potential pathways described here might pave the way for future research in this area and enable the development of better therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. B. Alam
- Nanotechnology Research CentreNational Research Council CanadaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - S. Willows
- Nanotechnology Research CentreNational Research Council CanadaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - M. Kulka
- Nanotechnology Research CentreNational Research Council CanadaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - J. K. Sandhu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research CentreNational Research Council CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Huerga Encabo H, Traveset L, Argilaguet J, Angulo A, Nistal-Villán E, Jaiswal R, Escalante CR, Gekas C, Meyerhans A, Aramburu J, López-Rodríguez C. The transcription factor NFAT5 limits infection-induced type I interferon responses. J Exp Med 2020; 217:132619. [PMID: 31816635 PMCID: PMC7062515 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Huerga Encabo et al. show that NFAT5, previously characterized as a pro-inflammatory transcription factor, limits the IFN-I response to control antiviral defenses and preserve HSC quiescence. NFAT5 represses IFN-I and ISG expression through an evolutionarily conserved DNA element that prevents IRF3 recruitment to the IFNB1 enhanceosome. Type I interferon (IFN-I) provides effective antiviral immunity but can exacerbate harmful inflammatory reactions and cause hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) exhaustion; therefore, IFN-I expression must be tightly controlled. While signaling mechanisms that limit IFN-I induction and function have been extensively studied, less is known about transcriptional repressors acting directly on IFN-I regulatory regions. We show that NFAT5, an activator of macrophage pro-inflammatory responses, represses Toll-like receptor 3 and virus-induced expression of IFN-I in macrophages and dendritic cells. Mice lacking NFAT5 exhibit increased IFN-I production and better control of viral burden upon LCMV infection but show exacerbated HSC activation under systemic poly(I:C)-induced inflammation. We identify IFNβ as a primary target repressed by NFAT5, which opposes the master IFN-I inducer IRF3 by binding to an evolutionarily conserved sequence in the IFNB1 enhanceosome that overlaps a key IRF site. These findings illustrate how IFN-I responses are balanced by simultaneously opposing transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hector Huerga Encabo
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Traveset
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Argilaguet
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Angulo
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estanislao Nistal-Villán
- Microbiology Section, Departamento de Ciencias, Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rahul Jaiswal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Carlos R Escalante
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Christos Gekas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Meyerhans
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Aramburu
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina López-Rodríguez
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Chasaide CN, Mills KH. Next-Generation Pertussis Vaccines Based on the Induction of Protective T Cells in the Respiratory Tract. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E621. [PMID: 33096737 PMCID: PMC7711671 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunization with current acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines protects against severe pertussis, but immunity wanes rapidly after vaccination and these vaccines do not prevent nasal colonization with Bordetella pertussis. Studies in mouse and baboon models have demonstrated that Th1 and Th17 responses are integral to protective immunity induced by previous infection with B. pertussis and immunization with whole cell pertussis (wP) vaccines. Mucosal Th17 cells, IL-17 and secretory IgA (sIgA) are particularly important in generating sustained sterilizing immunity in the nasal cavity. Current aP vaccines induce potent IgG and Th2-skewed T cell responses but are less effective at generating Th1 and Th17 responses and fail to prime respiratory tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, that maintain long-term immunity at mucosal sites. In contrast, a live attenuated pertussis vaccine, pertussis outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines or aP vaccines formulated with novel adjuvants do induce cellular immune responses in the respiratory tract, especially when delivered by the intranasal route. An increased understanding of the mechanisms of sustained protective immunity, especially the role of respiratory TRM cells, will facilitate the development of next generation pertussis vaccines that not only protect against pertussis disease, but prevent nasal colonization and transmission of B. pertussis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kingston H.G. Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, 2, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland;
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Abstract
The intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is capable of infecting most nucleated cells, where it survives in a specially modified compartment called the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is the major cytokine involved in activating cell-autonomous immune responses to inhibit parasite growth within this intracellular niche. In HeLa cells, IFN-γ treatment leads to ubiquitination of susceptible parasite strains, recruitment of the adaptors p62 and NDP52, and engulfment in microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-positive membranes that restrict parasite growth. IFN-γ-mediated growth restriction depends on core members of the autophagy (ATG) pathway but not the initiation or degradative steps in the process. To explore the connection between these different pathways, we used permissive biotin ligation to identify proteins that interact with ATG5 in an IFN-γ-dependent fashion. Network analysis of the ATG5 interactome identified interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), which is highly upregulated by IFN treatment, as a hub connecting the ATG complex with other IFN-γ-induced genes, suggesting that it forms a functional link between the pathways. Deletion of ISG15 resulted in impaired recruitment of p62, NDP52, and LC3 to the PV and loss of IFN-γ-restricted parasite growth. The function of ISG15 required conjugation, and a number of ISGylated targets overlapped with the IFN-γ-dependent ATG5 interactome, including the adapter p62. Collectively, our findings establish a role for ISG15 in connecting the ATG pathway with IFN-γ-dependent restriction of T. gondii in human cells.IMPORTANCE Interferon(s) provide the primary defense against intracellular pathogens, a property ascribed to their ability to upregulate interferon-stimulated genes. Due to the sequestered niche occupied by Toxoplasma gondii, the host has elaborated intricate ways to target the parasite within its vacuole. One such mechanism is the recognition by a noncanonical autophagy pathway that envelops the parasite-containing vacuole and stunts growth in human cells. Remarkably, autophagy-dependent growth restriction requires interferon-γ, yet none of the classical components of autophagy are induced by interferon. Our studies draw a connection between these pathways by demonstrating that the antiviral protein ISG15, which is normally upregulated by interferons, links the autophagy-mediated control to ubiquitination of the vacuole. These findings suggest a similar link between interferon-γ signaling and autophagy that may underlie defense against other intracellular pathogens.
Collapse
|
161
|
Reisländer T, Groelly FJ, Tarsounas M. DNA Damage and Cancer Immunotherapy: A STING in the Tale. Mol Cell 2020; 80:21-28. [PMID: 32810436 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies enhance anti-tumor immune responses using checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors. Recent studies, however, have extended the scope of immunotherapeutics by unveiling DNA damage-induced innate immunity as a novel target for cancer treatment. Elucidating the interplay among the DNA damage response (DDR), cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway activation, and anti-tumoral immunity is critical for the development of effective cancer immunotherapies. Here, we discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms by which DNA damage activates immune responses that target and eradicate cancer cells. Yet, understanding how cancer cells can escape this immune surveillance and promote tumor progression represents an outstanding challenge. We highlight the most recent clinical advances, in particular how pharmacological fine-tuning of innate/adaptive immunity and its combination with DDR inhibitors, ionizing radiation (IR), and chemotherapy can be exploited to improve cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Reisländer
- Department of Oncology, The CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Florian J Groelly
- Department of Oncology, The CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Madalena Tarsounas
- Department of Oncology, The CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Riad S, Xiang Y, AlDaif B, Mercer AA, Fleming SB. Rescue of a Vaccinia Virus Mutant Lacking IFN Resistance Genes K1L and C7L by the Parapoxvirus Orf Virus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1797. [PMID: 32903701 PMCID: PMC7438785 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 interferons induce the upregulation of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that combat viral replication. The parapoxvirus orf virus (ORFV) induces acute pustular skin lesions in sheep and goats and can reinfect its host, however, little is known of its ability to resist IFN. Vaccinia virus (VACV) encodes a number of factors that modulate the IFN response including the host-range genes C7L and K1L. A recombinant VACV-Western Reserve (WR) strain in which the K1L and C7L genes have been deleted does not replicate in cells treated with IFN-β nor in HeLa cells in which the IFN response is constitutive and is inhibited at the level of intermediate gene expression. Furthermore C7L is conserved in almost all poxviruses. We provide evidence that shows that although ORFV is more sensitive to IFN-β compared with VACV, and lacks homologues of KIL and C7L, it nevertheless has the ability to rescue a VACV KIL- C7L- gfp+ mutant in which gfp is expressed from a late promoter. Co-infection of HeLa cells with the mutant and ORFV demonstrated that ORFV was able to overcome the block in translation of intermediate transcripts in the mutant virus, allowing it to progress to late gene expression and new viral particles. Our findings strongly suggest that ORFV encodes a factor(s) that, although different in structure to C7L or KIL, targets an anti-viral cellular mechanism that is a highly potent at killing poxviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherief Riad
- Virus Research Unit, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Basheer AlDaif
- Virus Research Unit, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew A Mercer
- Virus Research Unit, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Stephen B Fleming
- Virus Research Unit, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Affiliation(s)
- Omoshola Aleru
- Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Matthew F. Barber
- Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Parashar K, Carpino N. A role for the Sts phosphatases in negatively regulating IFNγ-mediated production of nitric oxide in monocytes. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 8:523-533. [PMID: 32841534 PMCID: PMC7654413 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The atypical Sts phosphatases negatively regulate signaling pathways in diverse immune cell types, with two of their molecular targets being the related kinases Syk and Zap‐70. Mice lacking Sts expression (Sts−/−) are resistant to infection by the live vaccine strain (LVS) of Francisella tularensis. Although the mechanisms underlying the enhanced resistance of Sts−/− mice have not been definitively established, Sts−/− bone marrow‐derived monocytes (BMMs) demonstrate greater clearance of intracellular LVS following ex vivo infection, relative to wild type cells. To determine how the Sts proteins regulate monocyte bactericidal properties, we analyzed responses of infected cells. Methods Monocyte bacterial clearance was assayed using ex vivo coculture infections followed by colony‐forming unit analysis of intracellular bacteria. Levels of gene expression were quantified by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction, levels of Nos2 protein levels were quantified by Western blot analysis, and levels of nitric oxide (NO) were quantified directly using the Griess reagent. We characterized monocyte cytokine production via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results We demonstrate that Sts−/− monocyte cultures produce elevated levels of interferon‐γ (IFNγ) after infection, relative to wild type cultures. Sts−/− monocytes also demonstrate heightened responsiveness to IFNγ. Specifically, Sts−/− monocytes produce elevated levels of antimicrobial NO following IFNγ stimulation, and this NO plays an important role in LVS restriction. Additional IFNγ‐stimulated genes, including Ip10 and members of the Gbp gene family, also display heightened upregulation in Sts−/− cells. Both Sts‐1 and Sts‐2 contribute to the regulation of NO production, as evidenced by the responses of monocytes lacking each phosphatase individually. Finally, we demonstrate that the elevated production of IFNγ‐induced NO in Sts−/− monocytes is abrogated following chemical inhibition of Syk kinase. Conclusion Our results indicate a novel role for the Sts enzymes in regulating monocyte antibacterial responses downstream of IFNγ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh Parashar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Nicholas Carpino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Fisch D, Clough B, Domart MC, Encheva V, Bando H, Snijders AP, Collinson LM, Yamamoto M, Shenoy AR, Frickel EM. Human GBP1 Differentially Targets Salmonella and Toxoplasma to License Recognition of Microbial Ligands and Caspase-Mediated Death. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108008. [PMID: 32783936 PMCID: PMC7435695 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-inducible guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) promote cell-intrinsic defense through host cell death. GBPs target pathogens and pathogen-containing vacuoles and promote membrane disruption for release of microbial molecules that activate inflammasomes. GBP1 mediates pyroptosis or atypical apoptosis of Salmonella Typhimurium (STm)- or Toxoplasma gondii (Tg)- infected human macrophages, respectively. The pathogen-proximal detection-mechanisms of GBP1 remain poorly understood, as humans lack functional immunity-related GTPases (IRGs) that assist murine Gbps. Here, we establish that GBP1 promotes the lysis of Tg-containing vacuoles and parasite plasma membranes, releasing Tg-DNA. In contrast, we show GBP1 targets cytosolic STm and recruits caspase-4 to the bacterial surface for its activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but does not contribute to bacterial vacuole escape. Caspase-1 cleaves and inactivates GBP1, and a cleavage-deficient GBP1D192E mutant increases caspase-4-driven pyroptosis due to the absence of feedback inhibition. Our studies elucidate microbe-specific roles of GBP1 in infection detection and its triggering of the assembly of divergent caspase signaling platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fisch
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology & Infection, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Barbara Clough
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Marie-Charlotte Domart
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Vesela Encheva
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Hironori Bando
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Lucy M Collinson
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Avinash R Shenoy
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology & Infection, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Eva-Maria Frickel
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Lei X, Dong X, Ma R, Wang W, Xiao X, Tian Z, Wang C, Wang Y, Li L, Ren L, Guo F, Zhao Z, Zhou Z, Xiang Z, Wang J. Activation and evasion of type I interferon responses by SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3810. [PMID: 32733001 PMCID: PMC7392898 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 694] [Impact Index Per Article: 173.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 has posed an unprecedented threat to global public health. However, the interplay between the viral pathogen of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and host innate immunity is poorly understood. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 induces overt but delayed type-I interferon (IFN) responses. By screening 23 viral proteins, we find that SARS-CoV-2 NSP1, NSP3, NSP12, NSP13, NSP14, ORF3, ORF6 and M protein inhibit Sendai virus-induced IFN-β promoter activation, whereas NSP2 and S protein exert opposite effects. Further analyses suggest that ORF6 inhibits both type I IFN production and downstream signaling, and that the C-terminus region of ORF6 is critical for its antagonistic effect. Finally, we find that IFN-β treatment effectively blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication. In summary, our study shows that SARS-CoV-2 perturbs host innate immune response via both its structural and nonstructural proteins, and thus provides insights into the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. The pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 post a significant threat to public health. Here the authors show, by screening 23 viral proteins, that both structural and non-structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins are capable of modulating host innate immunity and type interferon responses, with this information serves to warrant further studies on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Lei
- NHC Key Laboratory of System Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, P.R. China.,Christophe Merieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of System Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ruiyi Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of System Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of System Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xia Xiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of System Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqin Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of System Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Conghui Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of System Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of System Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of System Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lili Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of System Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, P.R. China.,Christophe Merieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fei Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of System Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhendong Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of System Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Zhou
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Zichun Xiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of System Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, P.R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, P.R. China. .,Christophe Merieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Jianwei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of System Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, P.R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, P.R. China. .,Christophe Merieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Haldar AK, Nigam U, Yamamoto M, Coers J, Goyal N. Guanylate Binding Proteins Restrict Leishmania donovani Growth in Nonphagocytic Cells Independent of Parasitophorous Vacuolar Targeting. mBio 2020; 11:e01464-20. [PMID: 32723921 PMCID: PMC7387799 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01464-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-inducible guanylate binding proteins (GBPs) play important roles in host defense against many intracellular pathogens that reside within pathogen-containing vacuoles (PVs). For instance, members of the GBP family translocate to PVs occupied by the protozoan pathogen Toxoplasma and facilitate PV disruption and lytic parasite killing. While the GBP defense program targeting Toxoplasma has been studied in some detail, the role of GBPs in host defense to other protozoan pathogens is poorly characterized. Here, we report a critical role for both mouse and human GBPs in the cell-autonomous immune response against the vector-borne parasite Leishmania donovani Although L. donovani can infect both phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells, it predominantly replicates inside professional phagocytes. The underlying basis for this cell type tropism is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that GBPs restrict growth of L. donovani in both mouse and human nonphagocytic cells. GBP-mediated restriction of L. donovani replication occurs via a noncanonical pathway that operates independent of detectable translocation of GBPs to L. donovan-containing vacuoles (LCVs). Instead of promoting the lytic destruction of PVs, as reported for GBP-mediated killing of Toxoplasma in phagocytic cells, GBPs facilitate the delivery of L. donovani into autolysosomal-marker-positive compartments in mouse embryonic fibroblasts as well as the human epithelial cell line A549. Together our results show that GBPs control a novel cell-autonomous host defense program, which renders nonphagocytic cells nonpermissible for efficient Leishmania replication.IMPORTANCE The obligate intracellular parasite Leishmania causes the disease leishmaniasis, which is transmitted to mammalian hosts, including humans, via the sandfly vector. Following the bite-induced breach of the skin barrier, Leishmania is known to live and replicate predominantly inside professional phagocytes. Although Leishmania is also able to infect nonphagocytic cells, nonphagocytic cells support limited parasitic replication for unknown reasons. In this study, we show that nonphagocytic cells possess an intrinsic property to restrict Leishmania growth. Our study defines a novel role for a family of host defense proteins, the guanylate binding proteins (GBPs), in antileishmanial immunity. Mechanistically, our data indicate that GBPs facilitate the delivery of Leishmania into antimicrobial autolysosomes, thereby enhancing parasite clearance in nonphagocytic cells. We propose that this GBP-dependent host defense program makes nonphagocytic cells an inhospitable host cell type for Leishmania growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Haldar
- Division of Biochemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Utsav Nigam
- Division of Biochemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jörn Coers
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Neena Goyal
- Division of Biochemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Wang Y, Wang Y, Luo W, Song X, Huang L, Xiao J, Jin F, Ren Z, Wang Y. Roles of long non-coding RNAs and emerging RNA-binding proteins in innate antiviral responses. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:9407-9424. [PMID: 32802200 PMCID: PMC7415804 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The diseases caused by viruses posed a great challenge to human health, the development of which was driven by the imbalanced host immune response. Host innate immunity is an evolutionary old defense system that is critical for the elimination of the virus. The overactive innate immune response also leads to inflammatory autoimmune diseases, which require precise control of innate antiviral response for maintaining immune homeostasis. Mounting long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) transcribed from the mammalian genome are key regulators of innate antiviral response, functions of which greatly depend on their protein interactors, including classical RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and the unconventional proteins without classical RNA binding domains. In particular, several emerging RBPs, such as m6A machinery components, TRIM family members, and even the DNA binding factors recognized traditionally, function in innate antiviral response. In this review, we highlight recent progress in the regulation of type I interferon signaling-based antiviral responses by lncRNAs and emerging RBPs as well as their mechanism of actions. We then posed the future perspective toward the role of lncRNA-RBP interaction networks in innate antiviral response and discussed the promising and challenges of lncRNA-based drug development as well as the technical bottleneck in studying lncRNA-protein interactions. Our review provides a comprehensive understanding of lncRNA and emerging RBPs in the innate antiviral immune response.
Collapse
|
169
|
Clua P, Tomokiyo M, Raya Tonetti F, Islam MA, García Castillo V, Marcial G, Salva S, Alvarez S, Takahashi H, Kurata S, Kitazawa H, Villena J. The Role of Alveolar Macrophages in the Improved Protection against Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Pneumococcal Superinfection Induced by the Peptidoglycan of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071653. [PMID: 32660087 PMCID: PMC7408600 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The nasal priming with nonviable Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 (NV1505) or its purified peptidoglycan (PG1505) differentially modulates the respiratory innate immune response in infant mice, improving their resistance to primary respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and secondary pneumococcal pneumonia. In association with the protection against RSV-pneumococcal superinfection, it was found that NV1505 or PG1505 significantly enhance the numbers of CD11c+SiglecF+ alveolar macrophages (AMs) producing interferon (IFN)-β. In this work, we aimed to further advance in the characterization of the beneficial effects of NV1505 and PG1505 in the context of a respiratory superinfection by evaluating whether their immunomodulatory properties are dependent on AM functions. Macrophage depletion experiments and a detailed study of their production of cytokines and antiviral factors clearly demonstrated the key role of this immune cell population in the improvement of both the reduction of pathogens loads and the protection against lung tissue damage induced by the immunobiotic CRL1505 strain. Studies at basal conditions during primary RSV or S. pneumoniae infections, as well as during secondary pneumococcal pneumonia, brought the following five notable findings regarding the immunomodulatory effects of NV1505 and PG1505: (a) AMs play a key role in the beneficial modulation of the respiratory innate immune response and protection against RSV infection, (b) AMs are necessary for improved protection against primary and secondary pneumococcal pneumonia, (c) the generation of activated/trained AMs would be essential for the enhanced protection against respiratory pathogens, (d) other immune and nonimmune cell populations in the respiratory tract may contribute to the protection against bacterial and viral infections, and (e) the immunomodulatory properties of NV1505 and PG1505 are strain-specific. These findings significantly improve our knowledge about the immunological mechanisms involved in the modulation of respiratory immunity induced by beneficial microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Clua
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli, (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina; (P.C.); (F.R.T.); (V.G.C.); (G.M.); (S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Mikado Tomokiyo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.T.); (M.A.I.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Fernanda Raya Tonetti
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli, (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina; (P.C.); (F.R.T.); (V.G.C.); (G.M.); (S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Md. Aminul Islam
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.T.); (M.A.I.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Valeria García Castillo
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli, (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina; (P.C.); (F.R.T.); (V.G.C.); (G.M.); (S.S.); (S.A.)
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.T.); (M.A.I.)
| | - Guillermo Marcial
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli, (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina; (P.C.); (F.R.T.); (V.G.C.); (G.M.); (S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Susana Salva
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli, (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina; (P.C.); (F.R.T.); (V.G.C.); (G.M.); (S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Susana Alvarez
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli, (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina; (P.C.); (F.R.T.); (V.G.C.); (G.M.); (S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
- Plant Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Kurata
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.T.); (M.A.I.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (J.V.); Tel.: +81-22-757-4372 (H.K.); +54-381-4310465 (J.V.)
| | - Julio Villena
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli, (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina; (P.C.); (F.R.T.); (V.G.C.); (G.M.); (S.S.); (S.A.)
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.T.); (M.A.I.)
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (J.V.); Tel.: +81-22-757-4372 (H.K.); +54-381-4310465 (J.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Tripathi J, Segeritz CP, Griffiths G, Bushell W, Vallier L, Skarnes WC, Mota MM, Billker O. A Novel Chemically Differentiated Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell-Based Model to Study Liver Stages of Plasmodium berghei. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:1123-1134. [PMID: 32442532 PMCID: PMC7355138 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic and obligatory liver stage (LS) infection of Plasmodium parasites presents an attractive target for antimalarial vaccine and drug development. Lack of robust cellular models to study LS infection has hindered the discovery and validation of host genes essential for intrahepatic parasite development. Here, we present a chemically differentiated mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC)-based LS model, which supports complete development of Plasmodium berghei exoerythrocytic forms (EEFs) and can be used to define new host-parasite interactions. Using our model, we established that host Pnpla2, coding for adipose triglyceride lipase, is dispensable for P. berghei EEF development. In addition, we also evaluated in-vitro-differentiated human hepatocyte-like cells (iHLCs) to study LS of P. berghei and found it to be a sub-optimal infection model. Overall, our results present a new mouse ESC-based P. berghei LS infection model that can be utilized to study the impact of host genetic variation on parasite development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaishree Tripathi
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charis-Patricia Segeritz
- Wellcome Trust and Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gareth Griffiths
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wendy Bushell
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust and Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - William C Skarnes
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Ten Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Maria M Mota
- Unidade de Malária, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Oliver Billker
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK; Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden and Molecular Biology Department, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Kutsch M, Sistemich L, Lesser CF, Goldberg MB, Herrmann C, Coers J. Direct binding of polymeric GBP1 to LPS disrupts bacterial cell envelope functions. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104926. [PMID: 32510692 PMCID: PMC7327485 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the outer membrane of gram‐negative bacteria, O‐antigen segments of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) form a chemomechanical barrier, whereas lipid A moieties anchor LPS molecules. Upon infection, human guanylate binding protein‐1 (hGBP1) colocalizes with intracellular gram‐negative bacterial pathogens, facilitates bacterial killing, promotes activation of the lipid A sensor caspase‐4, and blocks actin‐driven dissemination of the enteric pathogen Shigella. The underlying molecular mechanism for hGBP1's diverse antimicrobial functions is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that hGBP1 binds directly to LPS and induces “detergent‐like” LPS clustering through protein polymerization. Binding of polymerizing hGBP1 to the bacterial surface disrupts the O‐antigen barrier, thereby unmasking lipid A, eliciting caspase‐4 recruitment, enhancing antibacterial activity of polymyxin B, and blocking the function of the Shigella outer membrane actin motility factor IcsA. These findings characterize hGBP1 as an LPS‐binding surfactant that destabilizes the rigidity of the outer membrane to exert pleiotropic effects on the functionality of gram‐negative bacterial cell envelopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kutsch
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Linda Sistemich
- Department of Physical Chemistry I, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Cammie F Lesser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Bacterial Pathogenesis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcia B Goldberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Bacterial Pathogenesis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian Herrmann
- Department of Physical Chemistry I, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörn Coers
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
Stefano GB, Esch T, Kream RM. Potential Immunoregulatory and Antiviral/SARS-CoV-2 Activities of Nitric Oxide. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e925679. [PMID: 32454510 PMCID: PMC7271680 DOI: 10.12659/msm.925679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) represents a key signaling molecule in multiple regulatory pathways underlying vascular, metabolic, immune, and neurological function across animal phyla. Our brief critical discussion is focused on the multiple roles of the NO signaling pathways in the maintenance of basal physiological states of readiness in diverse cell types mediating innate immunological functions and in the facilitation of proinflammatory-mediated adaptive immunological responses associated with viral infections. Prior studies have reinforced the critical importance of constitutive NO signaling pathways in the homeostatic maintenance of the vascular endothelium, and state-dependent changes in innate immunological responses have been associated with a functional override of NO-mediated inhibitory tone. Accordingly, convergent lines of evidence suggest that dysregulation of NO signaling pathways, as well as canonical oxidative effects of inducible NO, may provide a permissive cellular environment for viral entry and replication. In immunologically compromised individuals, functional override and chronic rundown of inhibitory NO signaling systems promote aberrant expression of unregulated proinflammatory pathways resulting in widespread metabolic insufficiencies and structural damage to autonomous cellular and organ structures. We contend that restoration of normative NO tone via combined pharmaceutical, dietary, or complex behavioral interventions may partially reverse deleterious physiological conditions brought about by viral infection linked to unregulated adaptive immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George B Stefano
- International Scientific Information, Inc., Melville, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Center for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tobias Esch
- University Clinic for Integrative Health Care, Institute for Integrative Health Care and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health/School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Richard M Kream
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Center for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Taylor GA, Huang HI, Fee BE, Youssef N, Jewell ML, Cantillana V, Schoenborn AA, Rogala AR, Buckley AF, Feng CG, Vallance BA, Gulati AS, Hammer GE. Irgm1-deficiency leads to myeloid dysfunction in colon lamina propria and susceptibility to the intestinal pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008553. [PMID: 32453761 PMCID: PMC7274479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IRGM and its mouse orthologue Irgm1 are dynamin-like proteins that regulate vesicular remodeling, intracellular microbial killing, and pathogen immunity. IRGM dysfunction is linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and while it is thought that defective intracellular killing of microbes underscores IBD susceptibility, studies have yet to address how IRGM/Irgm1 regulates immunity to microbes relevant to intestinal inflammation. Here we find that loss of Irgm1 confers marked susceptibility to Citrobacter rodentium, a noninvasive intestinal pathogen that models inflammatory responses to intestinal bacteria. Irgm1-deficient mice fail to control C. rodentium outgrowth in the intestine, leading to systemic pathogen spread and host mortality. Surprisingly, susceptibility due to loss of Irgm1 function was not linked to defective intracellular killing of C. rodentium or exaggerated inflammation, but was instead linked to failure to remodel specific colon lamina propria (C-LP) myeloid cells that expand in response to C. rodentium infection and are essential for C. rodentium immunity. Defective immune remodeling was most striking in C-LP monocytes, which were successfully recruited to the infected C-LP, but subsequently underwent apoptosis. Apoptotic susceptibility was induced by C. rodentium infection and was specific to this setting of pathogen infection, and was not apparent in other settings of intestinal inflammation. These studies reveal a novel role for Irgm1 in host defense and suggest that deficiencies in survival and remodeling of C-LP myeloid cells that control inflammatory intestinal bacteria may underpin IBD pathogenesis linked to IRGM dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Taylor
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Health Care Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GAT); (GEH)
| | - Hsin-I Huang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brian E. Fee
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Health Care Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nourhan Youssef
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mark L. Jewell
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Viviana Cantillana
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alexi A. Schoenborn
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Allison R. Rogala
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Anne F. Buckley
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Carl G. Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce A. Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ajay S. Gulati
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gianna E. Hammer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GAT); (GEH)
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Riedelberger M, Penninger P, Tscherner M, Hadriga B, Brunnhofer C, Jenull S, Stoiber A, Bourgeois C, Petryshyn A, Glaser W, Limbeck A, Lynes MA, Schabbauer G, Weiss G, Kuchler K. Type I Interferons Ameliorate Zinc Intoxication of Candida glabrata by Macrophages and Promote Fungal Immune Evasion. iScience 2020; 23:101121. [PMID: 32428860 PMCID: PMC7232100 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Host and fungal pathogens compete for metal ion acquisition during infectious processes, but molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we show that type I interferons (IFNs-I) dysregulate zinc homeostasis in macrophages, which employ metallothionein-mediated zinc intoxication of pathogens as fungicidal response. However, Candida glabrata can escape immune surveillance by sequestering zinc into vacuoles. Interestingly, zinc-loading is inhibited by IFNs-I, because a Janus kinase 1 (JAK1)-dependent suppression of zinc homeostasis affects zinc distribution in macrophages as well as generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, systemic fungal infections elicit IFN-I responses that suppress splenic zinc homeostasis, thereby altering macrophage zinc pools that otherwise exert fungicidal actions. Thus, IFN-I signaling inadvertently increases fungal fitness both in vitro and in vivo during fungal infections. Our data reveal an as yet unrecognized role for zinc intoxication in antifungal immunity and suggest that interfering with host zinc homeostasis may offer therapeutic options to treat invasive fungal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Riedelberger
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Penninger
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Tscherner
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Hadriga
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carina Brunnhofer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabrina Jenull
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Stoiber
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christelle Bourgeois
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andriy Petryshyn
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Glaser
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Limbeck
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A Lynes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, CT, USA
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- Institute for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, and Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karl Kuchler
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Kohler KM, Kutsch M, Piro AS, Wallace GD, Coers J, Barber MF. A Rapidly Evolving Polybasic Motif Modulates Bacterial Detection by Guanylate Binding Proteins. mBio 2020; 11:e00340-20. [PMID: 32430466 PMCID: PMC7240152 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00340-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-autonomous immunity relies on the rapid detection of invasive pathogens by host proteins. Guanylate binding proteins (GBPs) have emerged as key mediators of vertebrate immune defense through their ability to recognize a diverse array of intracellular pathogens and pathogen-containing cellular compartments. Human and mouse GBPs have been shown to target distinct groups of microbes, although the molecular determinants of pathogen specificity remain unclear. We show that rapid diversification of a C-terminal polybasic motif (PBM) in primate GBPs controls recognition of the model cytosolic bacterial pathogen Shigella flexneri By swapping this membrane-binding motif between primate GBP orthologs, we found that the ability to target S. flexneri has been enhanced and lost in specific lineages of New World primates. Single substitutions in rapidly evolving sites of the GBP1 PBM are sufficient to abolish or restore bacterial detection abilities, illustrating a role for epistasis in the evolution of pathogen recognition. We further demonstrate that the squirrel monkey GBP2 C-terminal domain recently gained the ability to target S. flexneri through a stepwise process of convergent evolution. These findings reveal a mechanism by which accelerated evolution of a PBM shifts GBP target specificity and aid in resolving the molecular basis of GBP function in cell-autonomous immune defense.IMPORTANCE Many infectious diseases are caused by microbes that enter and survive within host cells. Guanylate binding proteins (GBPs) are a group of immune proteins which recognize and inhibit a variety of intracellular pathogenic microbes. We discovered that a short sequence within GBPs required for the detection of bacteria, the polybasic motif (PBM), has been rapidly evolving between primate species. By swapping PBMs between primate GBP1 genes, we were able to show that specific sequences can both reduce and improve the ability of GBP1 to target intracellular bacteria. We also show that the ability to envelop bacteria has independently evolved in GBP2 of South American monkeys. Taking the results together, this report illustrates how primate GBPs have adapted to defend against infectious pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Kohler
- Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Miriam Kutsch
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony S Piro
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Graham D Wallace
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jörn Coers
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew F Barber
- Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Min YQ, Shi C, Yao T, Feng K, Mo Q, Deng F, Wang H, Ning YJ. The Nonstructural Protein of Guertu Virus Disrupts Host Defenses by Blocking Antiviral Interferon Induction and Action. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:857-870. [PMID: 32167734 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Guertu virus (GTV) is a potentially highly pathogenic bunyavirus newly isolated in China, which is genetically related to the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) and Heartland virus (HRTV), two other emerging life-threatening bunyaviruses. Previous studies suggested that SFTSV and HRTV antagonize the interferon (IFN) system by targeting antiviral signaling proteins in different ways. However, whether and how GTV counteracts the host innate immunity are unclear. Here, we found that GTV strongly inhibits both IFN induction and action through its nonstructural protein (NSs). Different from the NSs of SFTSV and HRTV, GTV NSs (G-NSs) induced the formation of two distinctive cytoplasmic structures, compact inclusion bodies (IBs) and extended filamentous structures (FSs). Protein interaction and colocalization analyses demonstrated that G-NSs interacts with TBK1 (TANK binding kinase-1, the pivotal kinase for IFN induction) and STAT2 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 2, the essential transcription factor for IFN action) and irreversibly sequesters the host proteins into the viral IBs and FSs. Consistently, G-NSs thus inhibited phosphorylation/activation and nuclear translocation of IFN-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3, the substrate of TBK1), diminishing the IFN induction. Furthermore, G-NSs sequestration of STAT2 blocked phosphorylation/activation and nuclear translocation of STAT2, disabling IFN action and host antiviral state establishment. Collectively, this study shows the robust subversion of the two phases of the IFN antiviral system by GTV and unravels the respective molecular mechanisms, exhibiting some notable differences from those employed by SFTSV and HRTV, providing insights into the virus-host interactions and pathogenesis, and probably also benefiting the prevention and treatment of the related infectious diseases in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Qin Min
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Chen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Ting Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Kuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Qiong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yun-Jia Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Wan YH, Wu WY, Guo SX, He SJ, Tang XD, Wu XY, Nandakumar KS, Zou M, Li L, Chen XG, Liu SW, Yao XG. [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivative (Mol-5) is a new NS5-RdRp inhibitor of DENV2 proliferation and DENV2-induced inflammation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:706-718. [PMID: 31729469 PMCID: PMC7471397 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is an acute infectious disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) and transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. There is no effective vaccine or antiviral drug available to date to prevent or treat dengue disease. Recently, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), a class of polymerases involved in the synthesis of complementary RNA strands using single-stranded RNA, has been proposed as a promising drug target. Hence, we screened new molecules against DENV RdRp using our previously constructed virtual screening method. Mol-5, [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivative, was screened out from an antiviral compound library (~8000 molecules). Using biophysical methods, we confirmed the direct interactions between mol-5 and purified DENV RdRp protein. In luciferase assay, mol-5 inhibited NS5-RdRp activity with an IC50 value of 1.28 ± 0.2 μM. In the cell-based cytopathic effect (CPE) assay, mol-5 inhibited DENV2 infectivity with an EC50 value of 4.5 ± 0.08 μM. Mol-5 also potently inhibited DENV2 RNA replication as observed in immunofluorescence assay and qRT-PCR. Both the viral structural (E) and non-structural (NS1) proteins of DENV2 were dose-dependently decreased by treatment with mol-5 (2.5–10 μM). Mol-5 treatment suppressed DENV2-induced inflammation in host cells, but had no direct effect on host defense (JAK/STAT-signaling pathway). These results demonstrate that mol-5 could be a novel RdRp inhibitor amenable for further research and development.
Collapse
|
178
|
Zhou J, Li Z, Wu T, Zhao Q, Zhao Q, Cao Y. LncGBP9/miR-34a axis drives macrophages toward a phenotype conducive for spinal cord injury repair via STAT1/STAT6 and SOCS3. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:134. [PMID: 32345320 PMCID: PMC7187522 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01805-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) could cause mainly two types of pathological sequelae, the primary mechanical injury, and the secondary injury. The macrophage in SCI are skewed toward the M1 phenotype that might cause the failure to post-SCI repair. Methods SCI model was established in Balb/c mice, and the changes in macrophage phenotypes after SCI were monitored. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to select factors that might regulate macrophage polarization after SCI. Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were isolated, identified, and induced for M1 or M2 polarization; the effects of lncRNA guanylate binding protein-9 (lncGBP9) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) on macrophages polarization were examined in vitro and in vivo. The predicted miR-34a binding to lncGBP9 and SOCS3 was validated; the dynamic effects of lncGBP9 and miR-34a on SOCS3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)/STAT6 signaling, and macrophage polarization were examined. Finally, we investigated whether STAT6 could bind the miR-34a promoter to activate its transcription. Results In SCI Balb/c mice, macrophage skewing toward M1 phenotypes was observed after SCI. In M1 macrophages, lncGBP9 silencing significantly decreased p-STAT1 and SOCS3 expression and protein levels, as well as the production of Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12; in M2 macrophages, lncGBP9 overexpression increased SOCS3 mRNA expression and protein levels while suppressed p-STAT6 levels and the production of IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), indicating that lncGBP9 overexpression promotes the M1 polarization of macrophages. In lncGBP9-silenced SCI mice, the M2 polarization was promoted on day 28 after the operation, further indicating that lncGBP9 silencing revised the predominance of M1 phenotype at the late stage of secondary injury after SCI, therefore improving the repair after SCI. IncGBP9 competed with SOCS3 for miR-34a binding to counteract miR-34a-mediated suppression on SOCS3 and then modulated STAT1/STAT6 signaling and the polarization of macrophages. STAT6 bound the promoter of miR-34a to activate its transcription. Conclusions In macrophages, lncGBP9 sponges miR-34a to rescue SOCS3 expression, therefore modulating macrophage polarization through STAT1/STAT6 signaling. STAT6 bound the promoter of miR-34a to activate its transcription, thus forming two different regulatory loops to modulate the phenotype of macrophages after SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhiyue Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Tianding Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR of China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Qiancheng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR of China.
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Michlmayr D, Kim EY, Rahman AH, Raghunathan R, Kim-Schulze S, Che Y, Kalayci S, Gümüş ZH, Kuan G, Balmaseda A, Kasarskis A, Wolinsky SM, Suaréz-Fariñas M, Harris E. Comprehensive Immunoprofiling of Pediatric Zika Reveals Key Role for Monocytes in the Acute Phase and No Effect of Prior Dengue Virus Infection. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107569. [PMID: 32348760 PMCID: PMC7308490 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging, mosquito-borne flavivirus responsible for recent epidemics across the Americas, and it is closely related to dengue virus (DENV). Here, we study samples from 46 DENV-naive and 43 DENV-immune patients with RT-PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection at early-acute, late-acute, and convalescent time points from our pediatric cohort study in Nicaragua. We analyze the samples via RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), CyTOF, and multiplex cytokine/chemokine Luminex to generate a comprehensive, innate immune profile during ZIKV infection. Immunophenotyping and analysis of cytokines/chemokines reveal that CD14+ monocytes play a key role during ZIKV infection. Further, we identify CD169 (Siglec-1) on CD14+ monocytes as a potential biomarker of acute ZIKV infection. Strikingly distinct transcriptomic and immunophenotypic signatures are observed at all three time points. Interestingly, pre-existing dengue immunity has minimal impact on the innate immune response to Zika. Finally, this comprehensive immune profiling and network analysis of ZIKV infection in children serves as a valuable resource.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Michlmayr
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adeeb H Rahman
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rohit Raghunathan
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yan Che
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Selim Kalayci
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zeynep H Gümüş
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua; Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua; Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Andrew Kasarskis
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven M Wolinsky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mayte Suaréz-Fariñas
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
180
|
Aguilar-Rojas A, Castellanos-Castro S, Matondo M, Gianetto QG, Varet H, Sismeiro O, Legendre R, Fernandes J, Hardy D, Coppée JY, Olivo-Marin JC, Guillen N. Insights into amebiasis using a human 3D-intestinal model. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13203. [PMID: 32175652 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amebiasis, an infectious disease targeting the intestine and the liver in humans. Two types of intestinal infection are caused by this parasite: silent infection, which occurs in the majority of cases, and invasive disease, which affects 10% of infected persons. To understand the intestinal pathogenic process, several in vitro models, such as cell cultures, human tissue explants or human intestine xenografts in mice, have been employed. Nevertheless, our knowledge on the early steps of amebic intestinal infection and the molecules involved during human-parasite interaction is scarce, in part due to limitations in the experimental settings. In the present work, we took advantage of tissue engineering approaches to build a three-dimensional (3D)-intestinal model that is able to replicate the general characteristics of the human colon. This system consists of an epithelial layer that develops tight and adherens junctions, a mucus layer and a lamina propria-like compartment made up of collagen containing macrophages and fibroblast. By means of microscopy imaging, omics assays and the evaluation of immune responses, we show a very dynamic interaction between E. histolytica and the 3D-intestinal model. Our data highlight the importance of several virulence markers occurring in patients or in experimental models, but they also demonstrate the involvement of under described molecules and regulatory factors in the amoebic invasive process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Aguilar-Rojas
- Institut Pasteur, Bioimage Analysis Unit, Paris, France.,Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Medicina Reproductiva, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Silvia Castellanos-Castro
- Institut Pasteur, Bioimage Analysis Unit, Paris, France.,Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mariette Matondo
- Institut Pasteur, Plateforme Protéomique, Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse pour la Biologie (MSBio), Centrede Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Paris, France
| | - Quentin Giai Gianetto
- Institut Pasteur, Plateforme Protéomique, Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse pour la Biologie (MSBio), Centrede Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Transcriptome et EpiGenome, Biomics, Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Paris, France
| | - Hugo Varet
- Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Transcriptome et EpiGenome, Biomics, Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, Département de Biologie Computationnelle (USR3756 IP CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Odile Sismeiro
- Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Transcriptome et EpiGenome, Biomics, Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Paris, France
| | - Rachel Legendre
- Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Transcriptome et EpiGenome, Biomics, Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, Département de Biologie Computationnelle (USR3756 IP CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Julien Fernandes
- Institut Pasteur, UTechSPBI, Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Paris, France
| | - David Hardy
- Institut Pasteur, Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Coppée
- Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Transcriptome et EpiGenome, Biomics, Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Paris, France
| | | | - Nancy Guillen
- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Crowley SM, Han X, Allaire JM, Stahl M, Rauch I, Knodler LA, Vallance BA. Intestinal restriction of Salmonella Typhimurium requires caspase-1 and caspase-11 epithelial intrinsic inflammasomes. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008498. [PMID: 32282854 PMCID: PMC7179941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of the inflammasome effector caspases-1 and -11 during Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection of murine intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Salmonella burdens were significantly greater in the intestines of caspase-1/11 deficient (Casp1/11−/−), Casp1−/− and Casp11−/− mice, as compared to wildtype mice. To determine if this reflected IEC-intrinsic inflammasomes, enteroid monolayers were derived and infected with Salmonella. Casp11−/− and wildtype monolayers responded similarly, whereas Casp1−/− and Casp1/11−/− monolayers carried significantly increased intracellular burdens, concomitant with marked decreases in IEC shedding and death. Pretreatment with IFN-γ to mimic inflammation increased caspase-11 levels and IEC death, and reduced Salmonella burdens in Casp1−/− monolayers, while high intracellular burdens and limited cell shedding persisted in Casp1/11−/− monolayers. Thus caspase-1 regulates inflammasome responses in IECs at baseline, while proinflammatory activation of IECs reveals a compensatory role for caspase-11. These results demonstrate the importance of IEC-intrinsic canonical and non-canonical inflammasomes in host defense against Salmonella. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are located at the interface between the gut lumen and the mucosal immune system and form the first layer of defense against the invasive enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. To prevent Salmonella, and other pathogens from establishing a foothold in the gut, the host mobilizes the inflammasome to selectively eject infected/compromised IECs from the epithelial layer into the intestinal lumen. This involves the activation of the inflammatory caspases; caspase-1 and -11. The individual contributions of each caspase to intestinal host defense, as well as the importance of IEC-intrinsic inflammasomes have not been previously defined, due to the lack of Casp1−/− mice as well as appropriate IEC-intrinsic defense models. Here, we determined that both caspases contribute to controlling Salmonella pathogen burdens and IEC shedding in the mouse intestine. Caspase-1 appears to play a larger role at baseline since caspase-11 expression must be first induced through proinflammatory signalling. Our data also highlights that IEC-intrinsic caspase activation is sufficient for infection-induced cell shedding and that the intestinal epithelium is a key site for inflammasome-mediated immune defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shauna M Crowley
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joannie M Allaire
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Stahl
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Isabella Rauch
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Leigh A Knodler
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
Connolly E, Hussell T. The Impact of Type 1 Interferons on Alveolar Macrophage Tolerance and Implications for Host Susceptibility to Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia. Front Immunol 2020; 11:495. [PMID: 32265937 PMCID: PMC7098967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
That macrophages adapt to environmental cues is well-established. This adaptation has had several reiterations, first with innate imprinting and then with various combinations of trained, tolerant, paralyzed, or primed. Whatever the nomenclature, it represents a macrophage that is required to perform very different functions. First, alveolar macrophages are one of the sentinel cells that flag up damage and release mediators that attract other immune cells. Next, they mature to support T cell priming and survival. Finally they are critical in clearing inflammatory immune cells by phagocytosis and extracellular matrix turnover components by efferocytosis. At each functional stage they alter intrinsic components to guide their activity. Training therefore is akin to changing function. In this mini-review we focus on the lung and the specific role of type I interferons in altering macrophage activity. The proposed mechanisms of type I IFNs on lung-resident alveolar macrophages and their effect on host susceptibility to bacterial infection following influenza virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Connolly
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
183
|
Wu X, Spence JS, Das T, Yuan X, Chen C, Zhang Y, Li Y, Sun Y, Chandran K, Hang HC, Peng T. Site-Specific Photo-Crosslinking Proteomics Reveal Regulation of IFITM3 Trafficking and Turnover by VCP/p97 ATPase. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:571-585.e6. [PMID: 32243810 PMCID: PMC7194980 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is a key interferon effector that broadly prevents infection by diverse viruses. However, the cellular factors that control IFITM3 homeostasis and antiviral activity have not been fully elucidated. Using site-specific photo-crosslinking and quantitative proteomic analysis, here we present the identification and functional characterization of VCP/p97 AAA-ATPase as a primary interaction partner of IFITM3. We show that IFITM3 ubiquitination at lysine 24 is crucial for VCP binding, trafficking, turnover, and engagement with incoming virus particles. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of VCP/p97 ATPase activity leads to defective IFITM3 lysosomal sorting, turnover, and co-trafficking with virus particles. Our results showcase the utility of site-specific protein photo-crosslinking in mammalian cells and reveal VCP/p97 as a key cellular factor involved in IFITM3 trafficking and homeostasis. Photo-crosslinking proteomics identify VCP/p97 as an IFITM3-interacting protein Ubiquitination of IFITM3 is crucial for interaction with VCP Lysine 24 ubiquitination regulates IFITM3 trafficking and turnover Depletion or inhibition of VCP leads to delayed turnover and accumulation of IFITM3
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jennifer S Spence
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Tandrila Das
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiaoqiu Yuan
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chengjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Howard C Hang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Inflammasome-mediated antagonism of type I interferon enhances Rickettsia pathogenesis. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:688-696. [PMID: 32123346 PMCID: PMC7239376 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-0673-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system fights infection with inflammasomes and interferons. Facultative bacterial pathogens that inhabit the host cytosol avoid inflammasomes1–6 and are often insensitive to type I interferons (IFN-I), but are restricted by IFN-γ7–11. However, it remains unclear how obligate cytosolic bacterial pathogens, including Rickettsia species, interact with innate immunity. Here, we report that the human pathogen Rickettsia parkeri is sensitive to IFN-I and benefits from inflammasome-mediated host cell death that antagonizes IFN-I. R. parkeri-induced cell death requires the cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor caspase-11 and antagonizes IFN-I production mediated by the DNA sensor cGAS. The restrictive effects of IFN-I require the interferon regulatory factor IRF5, which upregulates genes encoding guanylate binding proteins (GBPs) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which we found to inhibit R. parkeri. Mice lacking both IFN-I and IFN-γ receptors succumb to R. parkeri, revealing critical and overlapping roles for these cytokines in vivo. The interactions of R. parkeri with inflammasomes and interferons are similar to those of viruses, which can exploit the inflammasome to avoid IFN-I12, are restricted by IFN-I via IRF513,14, and are controlled by IFN-I and IFN-γ in vivo15–17. Our results suggest that the innate immune response to an obligate cytosolic pathogen lies at the intersection of anti-bacterial and anti-viral responses.
Collapse
|
185
|
Place DE, Briard B, Samir P, Karki R, Bhattacharya A, Guy CS, Peters JL, Frase S, Vogel P, Neale G, Yamamoto M, Kanneganti TD. Interferon inducible GBPs restrict Burkholderia thailandensis motility induced cell-cell fusion. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008364. [PMID: 32150572 PMCID: PMC7082077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity responds to pathogens by producing alarm signals and activating pathways that make host cells inhospitable for pathogen replication. The intracellular bacterium Burkholderia thailandensis invades the cytosol, hijacks host actin, and induces cell fusion to spread to adjacent cells, forming multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) which promote bacterial replication. We show that type I interferon (IFN) restricts macrophage MNGC formation during B. thailandensis infection. Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) expressed downstream of type I IFN were required to restrict MNGC formation through inhibition of bacterial Arp2/3-dependent actin motility during infection. GTPase activity and the CAAX prenylation domain were required for GBP2 recruitment to B. thailandensis, which restricted bacterial actin polymerization required for MNGC formation. Consistent with the effects in in vitro macrophages, Gbp2-/-, Gbp5-/-, GbpChr3-KO mice were more susceptible to intranasal infection with B. thailandensis than wildtype mice. Our findings reveal that IFN and GBPs play a critical role in restricting cell-cell fusion and bacteria-induced pathology during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E. Place
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Benoit Briard
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Parimal Samir
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rajendra Karki
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Anannya Bhattacharya
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Clifford S. Guy
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Peters
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Center, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Sharon Frase
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Center, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Peter Vogel
- Veterinary Pathology Core, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey Neale
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Osaka University, 3–1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
186
|
Sistemich L, Kutsch M, Hämisch B, Zhang P, Shydlovskyi S, Britzen-Laurent N, Stürzl M, Huber K, Herrmann C. The Molecular Mechanism of Polymer Formation of Farnesylated Human Guanylate-binding Protein 1. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:2164-2185. [PMID: 32087202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human guanylate-binding protein 1 (hGBP1) belongs to the dynamin superfamily proteins and represents a key player in the innate immune response. Farnesylation at the C-terminus is required for hGBP1's activity against microbial pathogens, as well as for its antiproliferative and antitumor activity. The farnesylated hGBP1 (hGBP1fn) retains many characteristics of the extensively studied nonfarnesylated protein and gains additional abilities like binding to lipid membranes and formation of hGBP1fn polymers. These polymers are believed to serve as a protein depot, making the enzyme immediately available to fight the invasion of intracellular pathogens. Here we study the molecular mechanism of hGBP1 polymer formation as it is a crucial state of this enzyme, allowing for a rapid response demanded by the biological function. We employ Förster resonance energy transfer in order to trace intra and intermolecular distance changes of protein domains. Light scattering techniques yield deep insights into the changes in size and shape. The GTP hydrolysis driven cycling between a closed, farnesyl moiety hidden state and an opened, farnesyl moiety exposed state represents the first phase, preparing the molecule for polymerization. Within the second phase of polymer growth, opened hGBP1 molecules can be incorporated in the growing polymer where the opened structure is stabilized, similar to a surfactant molecule in a micelle, pointing the farnesyl moieties into the hydrophobic center and positioning the head groups at the periphery of the polymer. We contribute the molecular mechanism of polymer formation, paving the ground for a detailed understanding of hGBP1 function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sistemich
- Physical Chemistry I, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Miriam Kutsch
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC27710, USA
| | - Benjamin Hämisch
- Chemistry Department, University of Paderborn, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ping Zhang
- Physical Chemistry I, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Nathalie Britzen-Laurent
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Translational Research Center, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Translational Research Center, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus Huber
- Chemistry Department, University of Paderborn, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
187
|
van Niekerk G, Meaker C, Engelbrecht AM. Nutritional support in sepsis: when less may be more. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2020; 24:53. [PMID: 32059698 PMCID: PMC7023788 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-2771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite sound basis to suspect that aggressive and early administration of nutritional support may hold therapeutic benefits during sepsis, recommendations for nutritional support have been somewhat underwhelming. Current guidelines (ESPEN and ASPEN) recognise a lack of clear evidence demonstrating the beneficial effect of nutritional support during sepsis, raising the question: why, given the perceived low efficacy of nutritionals support, are there no high-quality clinical trials on the efficacy of permissive underfeeding in sepsis? Here, we review clinically relevant beneficial effects of permissive underfeeding, motivating the urgent need to investigate the clinical benefits of delaying nutritional support during sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustav van Niekerk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Charné Meaker
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Seoane PI, Taylor-Smith LM, Stirling D, Bell LCK, Noursadeghi M, Bailey D, May RC. Viral infection triggers interferon-induced expulsion of live Cryptococcus neoformans by macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008240. [PMID: 32106253 PMCID: PMC7046190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic human pathogen, which causes serious disease in immunocompromised hosts. Infection with this pathogen is particularly relevant in HIV+ patients, where it leads to around 200,000 deaths per annum. A key feature of cryptococcal pathogenesis is the ability of the fungus to survive and replicate within the phagosome of macrophages, as well as its ability to be expelled from host cells via a novel non-lytic mechanism known as vomocytosis. Here we show that cryptococcal vomocytosis from macrophages is strongly enhanced by viral coinfection, without altering phagocytosis or intracellular proliferation of the fungus. This effect occurs with distinct, unrelated human viral pathogens and is recapitulated when macrophages are stimulated with the anti-viral cytokines interferon alpha or beta (IFNα or IFNβ). Importantly, the effect is abrogated when type-I interferon signalling is blocked, thus underscoring the importance of type-I interferons in this phenomenon. Lastly, our data help resolve previous, contradictory animal studies on the impact of type I interferons on cryptococcal pathogenesis and suggest that secondary viral stimuli may alter patterns of cryptococcal dissemination in the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula I. Seoane
- Institute of Microbiology & Infection and School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Leanne M. Taylor-Smith
- Institute of Microbiology & Infection and School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Stirling
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy C. K. Bell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robin C. May
- Institute of Microbiology & Infection and School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Mitsi E, Carniel B, Reiné J, Rylance J, Zaidi S, Soares-Schanoski A, Connor V, Collins AM, Schlitzer A, Nikolaou E, Solórzano C, Pojar S, Hill H, Hyder-Wright AD, Jambo KC, Oggioni MR, De Ste Croix M, Gordon SB, Jochems SP, Ferreira DM. Nasal Pneumococcal Density Is Associated with Microaspiration and Heightened Human Alveolar Macrophage Responsiveness to Bacterial Pathogens. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:335-347. [PMID: 31626559 PMCID: PMC6999099 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201903-0607oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Pneumococcal pneumonia remains a global health problem. Colonization of the nasopharynx with Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), although a prerequisite of infection, is the main source of exposure and immunological boosting in children and adults. However, our knowledge of how nasal colonization impacts on the lung cells, especially on the predominant alveolar macrophage (AM) population, is limited.Objectives: Using a controlled human infection model to achieve nasal colonization with 6B serotype, we investigated the effect of Spn colonization on lung cells.Methods: We collected BAL from healthy pneumococcal-challenged participants aged 18-49 years. Confocal microscopy and molecular and classical microbiology were used to investigate microaspiration and pneumococcal presence in the lower airways. AM opsonophagocytic capacity was assessed by functional assays in vitro, whereas flow cytometry and transcriptomic analysis were used to assess further changes on the lung cellular populations.Measurements and Main Results: AMs from Spn-colonized individuals exhibited increased opsonophagocytosis to pneumococcus (11.4% median increase) for approximately 3 months after experimental pneumococcal colonization. AMs also had increased responses against other bacterial pathogens. Pneumococcal DNA detected in the BAL samples of Spn-colonized individuals were positively correlated with nasal pneumococcal density (r = 0.71; P = 0.029). Similarly, AM-heightened opsonophagocytic capacity was correlated with nasopharyngeal pneumococcal density (r = 0.61, P = 0.025).Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that nasal colonization with pneumococcus and microaspiration prime AMs, leading to brisker responsiveness to both pneumococcus and unrelated bacterial pathogens. The relative abundance of AMs in the alveolar spaces, alongside their potential for nonspecific protection, render them an attractive target for novel vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mitsi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Carniel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jesús Reiné
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Rylance
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Seher Zaidi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Victoria Connor
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea M. Collins
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Schlitzer
- The Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elissavet Nikolaou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Solórzano
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sherin Pojar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Hill
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Angela D. Hyder-Wright
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kondwani C. Jambo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, Chichiri, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Marco R. Oggioni
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; and
| | - Megan De Ste Croix
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; and
| | - Stephen B. Gordon
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, Chichiri, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Simon P. Jochems
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Daniela M. Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Yang C, McDermot DS, Pasricha S, Brown AS, Bedoui S, Lenz LL, van Driel IR, Hartland EL. IFNγ receptor down-regulation facilitates Legionella survival in alveolar macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:273-284. [PMID: 31793076 PMCID: PMC8015206 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ma1019-152r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is an opportunistic human pathogen and causative agent of the acute pneumonia known as Legionnaire's disease. Upon inhalation, the bacteria replicate in alveolar macrophages (AM), within an intracellular vacuole termed the Legionella-containing vacuole. We recently found that, in vivo, IFNγ was required for optimal clearance of intracellular L. pneumophila by monocyte-derived cells (MC), but the cytokine did not appear to influence clearance by AM. Here, we report that during L. pneumophila lung infection, expression of the IFNγ receptor subunit 1 (IFNGR1) is down-regulated in AM and neutrophils, but not MC, offering a possible explanation for why AM are unable to effectively restrict L. pneumophila replication in vivo. To test this, we used mice that constitutively express IFNGR1 in AM and found that prevention of IFNGR1 down-regulation enhanced the ability of AM to restrict L. pneumophila intracellular replication. IFNGR1 down-regulation was independent of the type IV Dot/Icm secretion system of L. pneumophila indicating that bacterial effector proteins were not involved. In contrast to previous work, we found that signaling via type I IFN receptors was not required for IFNGR1 down-regulation in macrophages but rather that MyD88- or Trif- mediated NF-κB activation was required. This work has uncovered an alternative signaling pathway responsible for IFNGR1 down-regulation in macrophages during bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel S McDermot
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Shivani Pasricha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
| | - Andrew S Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laurel L Lenz
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Ian R van Driel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L Hartland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Csumita M, Csermely A, Horvath A, Nagy G, Monori F, Göczi L, Orbea HA, Reith W, Széles L. Specific enhancer selection by IRF3, IRF5 and IRF9 is determined by ISRE half-sites, 5' and 3' flanking bases, collaborating transcription factors and the chromatin environment in a combinatorial fashion. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:589-604. [PMID: 31799619 PMCID: PMC6954429 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
IRF3, IRF5 and IRF9 are transcription factors, which play distinct roles in the regulation of antiviral and inflammatory responses. The determinants that mediate IRF-specific enhancer selection are not fully understood. To uncover regions occupied predominantly by IRF3, IRF5 or IRF9, we performed ChIP-seq experiments in activated murine dendritic cells. The identified regions were analysed with respect to the enrichment of DNA motifs, the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) and ISRE half-site variants, and chromatin accessibility. Using a machine learning method, we investigated the predictability of IRF-dominance. We found that IRF5-dominant regions differed fundamentally from the IRF3- and IRF9-dominant regions: ISREs were rare, while the NFKB motif and special ISRE half-sites, such as 5'-GAGA-3' and 5'-GACA-3', were enriched. IRF3- and IRF9-dominant regions were characterized by the enriched ISRE motif and lower frequency of accessible chromatin. Enrichment analysis and the machine learning method uncovered the features that favour IRF3 or IRF9 dominancy (e.g. a tripartite form of ISRE and motifs for NF-κB for IRF3, and the GAS motif and certain ISRE variants for IRF9). This study contributes to our understanding of how IRF members, which bind overlapping sets of DNA sequences, can initiate signal-dependent responses without activating superfluous or harmful programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mária Csumita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Attila Csermely
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Attila Horvath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Fanny Monori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Loránd Göczi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Hans-Acha Orbea
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Walter Reith
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lajos Széles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
Interferon Gamma Reprograms Host Mitochondrial Metabolism through Inhibition of Complex II To Control Intracellular Bacterial Replication. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00744-19. [PMID: 31740527 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00744-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which interferon gamma (IFN-γ) controls the replication of cytosolic pathogens independent of responses, such as the generation of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), have not been fully elucidated. In the current study, we developed a model using Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, in which pathways triggered by IFN-γ commonly associated with bacterial control were not required. Using this model, we demonstrated that IFN-γ-mediated production of itaconate and its ability to impair host mitochondrial function, independent of activity on the pathogen, were central for the restriction of bacterial replication in vitro and in vivo We then demonstrate that IFN-γ-driven itaconate production was dispensable, as directly targeting complex II using cell membrane-permeable metabolites also controlled infection. Together, these findings show that while reprogramming of mitochondrial metabolism is a key factor in IFN-γ control of intracellular bacteria, the development of antimicrobial strategies based on targeting host mitochondrial metabolism independent of this cytokine may be an effective therapeutic approach.
Collapse
|
193
|
Gaafar MR, El-Zawawy LA, El-Temsahy MM, Shalaby TI, Hassan AY. Silver nanoparticles as a therapeutic agent in experimental cyclosporiasis. Exp Parasitol 2019; 207:107772. [PMID: 31610183 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporiasis is an emerging worldwide infection caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, Cyclospora cayetanensis. In immunocompetent patients, it is mainly manifested by self-limited diarrhea, which is persistent and may be fatal in immunocompromised patients. The standard treatment for cyclosporiasis is a combination of two antibiotics, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. Gastrointestinal, haematologic and renal side effects were reported with this combination. Moreover, sulfa allergy, foetal anomalies and recurrence were recorded with no alternative drug treatment option. In this study, silver nanoparticles were chemically synthesized to be evaluated for the first time for their anti-cyclospora effects in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed experimental mice in comparison to the standard treatment. The effect of silver nanoparticles was assessed through studying stool oocyst load, oocyst viability, ultrastructural changes in oocysts, and estimation of serum gamma interferon. Toxic effect of the therapeutic agents was evaluated by measuring liver enzymes, urea and creatinine in mouse sera. Results showed that silver nanoparticles had promising anti-cyclospora potentials. The animals that received these nanoparticles showed a statistically significant decrease in the oocyst burden and number of viable oocysts in stool and a statistically significant increase in serum gamma interferon in comparison to the corresponding group receiving the standard treatment and to the infected non-treated control group. Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed mutilated oocysts with irregularities, poring and perforations. Biochemical results showed no evidence of toxicity of silver nanoparticles, as the sera of the mice showed a statistically non-significant decrease in liver enzymes in immunocompetent subgroups, and a statistically significant decrease in immunosuppressed subgroups. Furthermore, a statistically non-significant decrease in urea and creatinine was recorded in all subgroups. Thus, silver nanoparticles proved their effectiveness against Cyclospora infection, and this will draw the attention to its use as an alternative to the standard therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Gaafar
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - L A El-Zawawy
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - M M El-Temsahy
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Th I Shalaby
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - A Y Hassan
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
194
|
Barz B, Loschwitz J, Strodel B. Large-scale, dynamin-like motions of the human guanylate binding protein 1 revealed by multi-resolution simulations. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007193. [PMID: 31589600 PMCID: PMC6797221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanylate binding proteins (GBPs) belong to the dynamin-related superfamily and exhibit various functions in the fight against infections. The functions of the human guanylate binding protein 1 (hGBP1) are tightly coupled to GTP hydrolysis and dimerization. Despite known crystal structures of the hGBP1 monomer and GTPase domain dimer, little is known about the dynamics of hGBP1. To gain a mechanistic understanding of hGBP1, we performed sub-millisecond multi-resolution molecular dynamics simulations of both the hGBP1 monomer and dimer. We found that hGBP1 is a highly flexible protein that undergoes a hinge motion similar to the movements observed for other dynamin-like proteins. Another large-scale motion was observed for the C-terminal helix α13, providing a molecular view for the α13-α13 distances previously reported for the hGBP1 dimer. Most of the loops of the GTPase domain were found to be flexible, revealing why GTP binding is needed for hGBP1 dimerization to occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Barz
- Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Loschwitz
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
195
|
Resende M, Cardoso MS, Fróis-Martins R, Borges M, Jordan MB, Castro AG, Appelberg R. TNF-Mediated Compensatory Immunity to Mycobacterium avium in the Absence of Macrophage Activation by IFN-γ. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2451-2458. [PMID: 31562208 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Granuloma formation is a hallmark of several infectious diseases, including those caused by Mycobacterium sp These structures are composed of accumulations of inflammatory cells, and it has been shown that cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α are required for granuloma assembly during M. avium infections in mice. Macrophages (MΦs) insensitive to IFN-γ (MIIG) mice have MΦs, monocytes, and dendritic cells that are unresponsive to IFN-γ. We observed that although IFN-γ-/- mice present an exacerbated infection, the same is not true for MIIG animals, where the same levels of protection as the wild-type animals were observed in the liver and partial protection in the spleen. Unlike IFN-γ-/- mice, MIIG mice still develop well-defined granulomas, suggesting that IFN-γ-mediated MΦ activation is not required for granuloma assembly. This work also shows that MIIG animals exhibit increased cell recruitment with higher CD4+ T cells numbers as well as increased IFN-γ and TNF-α expression, suggesting that TNF-α may have a role in protection and may compensate the lack of MΦ response to IFN-γ in the MIIG model. TNF-α-deficient MIIG mice (MIIG.TNF-α-/-) exhibited increased bacterial burdens when compared with MIIG mice. These results suggest that in the absence of IFN-γ signaling in MΦs, TNF-α has a protective role against M. avium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Resende
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; .,IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Marcos S Cardoso
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Fróis-Martins
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Borges
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Michael B Jordan
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center/University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - António Gil Castro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui Appelberg
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
Deng Y, Wu T, Zhai SQ, Li CH. Recent progress on anti-Toxoplasma drugs discovery: Design, synthesis and screening. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111711. [PMID: 31585276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii severely threaten the health of immunocompromised patients and pregnant women as this parasite can cause several disease, including brain and eye disease. Current treatment for toxoplasmosis commonly have high cytotoxic side effects on host and require long durations ranging from one week to more than one year. The regiments lack efficacy to eradicate T. gondii tissue cysts to cure chromic infection results in the needs for long treatment and relapsing disease. In addition, there has not been approved drugs for treating the pregnant women infected by T. gondii. Moreover, Toxoplasma vaccine researches face a wide variety of challenges. Developing high efficient and low toxic agents against T. gondii is urgent and important. Over the last decade, tremendous progress have been made in identifying and developing novel compounds for the treatment of toxoplasmosis. This review summarized and discussed recent advances between 2009 and 2019 in exploring effective agents against T. gondii from five aspects of drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Deng
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences & Pharmaceuticals, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, 402460, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences & Pharmaceuticals, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, 402460, China
| | - Shao-Qin Zhai
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences & Pharmaceuticals, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, 402460, China
| | - Cheng-Hong Li
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences & Pharmaceuticals, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, 402460, China.
| |
Collapse
|
197
|
Cai M, Zhou L, Liao J, Huang Q, Xia Z, Shang J. IFN-γ inhibits 5-HT-induced melanin biosynthesis via downregulation of 5-HT receptors in vivo/in vitro. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 141:1-8. [PMID: 31519333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypopigmentation disorders, such as vitiligo, are difficult for treatment due to complicated pathogenesis, resulting from multiple factors including neural and immune elements. 5-HT and IFN-γ both play crucial roles in these skin diseases. However, the interactions between 5-HT and IFN-γ in regulation of melanogenesis is still unknown. Our study aimed at exploring whether IFN-γ affects 5-HT-induced melanogenesis and searching the mechanism. In our study, IFN-γ attenuated 5-HT-induced pigmentation and green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in zebrafishes. In addition, we found that IFN-γ decreased serum serotonin levels as well as the cutaneous expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR) and 5-HT1B receptor (5-HT1BR) in C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, IFN-γ attenuated 5-HT-induced melanin biosynthesis as well as the expression of 5-HT1AR, 5-HT1BR and 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) in B16F10 cells, which blocked by interferon-γ receptor 1 and interferon-γ receptor 2 (IFNGR1/IFNGR2) antibodies. In summary, IFN-γ not only affects melanogenesis alone, but also inhibits 5-HT response on melanin biosynthesis. Mediated by IFNGR1/IFNGR2, IFN-γ downregulated 5-HT receptors expression, which directly affect 5-HT-induced melanin biosynthesis. Our work may give insights into the drug development of hypopigmentation disorders with neuro-immune derangement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minxuan Cai
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liangliang Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Liao
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qiaoling Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenjiang Xia
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Shang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
198
|
Benaoudia S, Martin A, Puig Gamez M, Gay G, Lagrange B, Cornut M, Krasnykov K, Claude J, Bourgeois CF, Hughes S, Gillet B, Allatif O, Corbin A, Ricci R, Henry T. A genome-wide screen identifies IRF2 as a key regulator of caspase-4 in human cells. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e48235. [PMID: 31353801 PMCID: PMC6727027 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-4, the cytosolic LPS sensor, and gasdermin D, its downstream effector, constitute the non-canonical inflammasome, which drives inflammatory responses during Gram-negative bacterial infections. It remains unclear whether other proteins regulate cytosolic LPS sensing, particularly in human cells. Here, we conduct a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen in a human monocyte cell line to identify genes controlling cytosolic LPS-mediated pyroptosis. We find that the transcription factor, IRF2, is required for pyroptosis following cytosolic LPS delivery and functions by directly regulating caspase-4 levels in human monocytes and iPSC-derived monocytes. CASP4, GSDMD, and IRF2 are the only genes identified with high significance in this screen highlighting the simplicity of the non-canonical inflammasome. Upon IFN-γ priming, IRF1 induction compensates IRF2 deficiency, leading to robust caspase-4 expression. Deficiency in IRF2 results in dampened inflammasome responses upon infection with Gram-negative bacteria. This study emphasizes the central role of IRF family members as specific regulators of the non-canonical inflammasome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Benaoudia
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en InfectiologieInserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de LyonUniv LyonLyonFrance
| | - Amandine Martin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en InfectiologieInserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de LyonUniv LyonLyonFrance
| | - Marta Puig Gamez
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964Université de StrasbourgIllkirchFrance
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie MoléculaireNouvel Hôpital CivilStrasbourgFrance
- Université de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
- INGESTEM National iPSC InfrastructureVillejuifFrance
| | - Gabrielle Gay
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en InfectiologieInserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de LyonUniv LyonLyonFrance
| | - Brice Lagrange
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en InfectiologieInserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de LyonUniv LyonLyonFrance
| | - Maxence Cornut
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en InfectiologieInserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de LyonUniv LyonLyonFrance
| | - Kyrylo Krasnykov
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en InfectiologieInserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de LyonUniv LyonLyonFrance
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Claude
- LBMC, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la celluleUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1INSERM U1210, CNRS, UMR5239École Normale Supérieure de LyonUniv LyonLyonFrance
| | - Cyril F Bourgeois
- LBMC, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la celluleUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1INSERM U1210, CNRS, UMR5239École Normale Supérieure de LyonUniv LyonLyonFrance
| | - Sandrine Hughes
- Sequencing PlatformInstitut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL)Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5242École Normale Supérieure de LyonUniv LyonLyonFrance
| | - Benjamin Gillet
- Sequencing PlatformInstitut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL)Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5242École Normale Supérieure de LyonUniv LyonLyonFrance
| | - Omran Allatif
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en InfectiologieInserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de LyonUniv LyonLyonFrance
- BIBS, Bioinformatic and Biostatic ServicesCIRILyonFrance
| | - Antoine Corbin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en InfectiologieInserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de LyonUniv LyonLyonFrance
- BIBS, Bioinformatic and Biostatic ServicesCIRILyonFrance
| | - Romeo Ricci
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964Université de StrasbourgIllkirchFrance
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie MoléculaireNouvel Hôpital CivilStrasbourgFrance
- Université de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
- INGESTEM National iPSC InfrastructureVillejuifFrance
| | - Thomas Henry
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en InfectiologieInserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de LyonUniv LyonLyonFrance
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Yakass MB, Franco D, Quaye O. Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling and Protein Inhibitors of Activated Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcriptions As Therapeutic Targets in Flavivirus Infections. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 40:1-18. [PMID: 31436502 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses cause significant human diseases putting more than 400 million people at risk annually worldwide. Because of migration and improved transportation, these viruses can be found on all continents (except Antarctica). Although a majority of the viruses are endemic in the tropics, a few [West Nile virus (WNV) and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV)] have shown endemicity in Europe and North America. Currently, there are vaccines for the Yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and TBEV, but there is no effective vaccine and/or therapy against all other flaviviruses. Although there are intensive efforts to develop vaccines for Zika viruses, dengue viruses, and WNVs, there is the need for alternative or parallel antiviral therapeutic approaches. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) and protein inhibitors of activated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs; PIAS), both regulatory proteins of the Janus kinase/STAT signaling pathway, have been explored as therapeutic targets in herpes simplex and vaccinia viruses, as well as in cancer therapy. In this review, we briefly describe the function of SOCS and PIAS and their therapeutic potential in flaviviral infections. [Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bright Yakass
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Osbourne Quaye
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
200
|
Ershov FI, Ospelnikova TP, Narovlyansky AN. Interferon status as a method of determination of nonspecific biomarkers of human immunopathology. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY EPIDEMIOLOGY IMMUNOBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.36233/0372-9311-2019-3-91-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. I. Ershov
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology
| | - T. P. Ospelnikova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology; Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
| | | |
Collapse
|