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Manolis AS, Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Apostolaki NE, Apostolopoulos EJ, Melita H, Katsiki N. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease: Current status of translational research/clinical and therapeutic implications. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:275-313. [PMID: 32959403 DOI: 10.1002/med.21732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria provide energy to the cell during aerobic respiration by supplying ~95% of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules via oxidative phosphorylation. These organelles have various other functions, all carried out by numerous proteins, with the majority of them being encoded by nuclear DNA (nDNA). Mitochondria occupy ~1/3 of the volume of myocardial cells in adults, and function at levels of high-efficiency to promptly meet the energy requirements of the myocardial contractile units. Mitochondria have their own DNA (mtDNA), which contains 37 genes and is maternally inherited. Over the last several years, a variety of functions of these organelles have been discovered and this has led to a growing interest in their involvement in various diseases, including cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction relates to the status where mitochondria cannot meet the demands of a cell for ATP and there is an enhanced formation of reactive-oxygen species. This dysfunction may occur as a result of mtDNA and/or nDNA mutations, but also as a response to aging and various disease and environmental stresses, leading to the development of cardiomyopathies and other CV diseases. Designing mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies aiming to maintain or restore mitochondrial function has been a great challenge as a result of variable responses according to the etiology of the disorder. There have been several preclinical data on such therapies, but clinical studies are scarce. A major challenge relates to the techniques needed to eclectically deliver the therapeutic agents to cardiac tissues and to damaged mitochondria for successful clinical outcomes. All these issues and progress made over the last several years are herein reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis S Manolis
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Niki Katsiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Medical School, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Marchi S, Giorgi C, Galluzzi L, Pinton P. Ca 2+ Fluxes and Cancer. Mol Cell 2020; 78:1055-1069. [PMID: 32559424 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ ions are key second messengers in both excitable and non-excitable cells. Owing to the rather pleiotropic nature of Ca2+ transporters and other Ca2+-binding proteins, however, Ca2+ signaling has attracted limited attention as a potential target of anticancer therapy. Here, we discuss cancer-associated alterations of Ca2+ fluxes at specific organelles as we identify novel candidates for the development of drugs that selectively target Ca2+ signaling in malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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Muresanu C, Somasundaram SG, Neganova ME, Bovina EV, Vissarionov SV, Ofodile ONFC, Fisenko VP, Bragin V, Minyaeva NN, Chubarev VN, Klochkov SG, Tarasov VV, Mikhaleva LM, Kirkland CE, Aliev G. Updated Understanding of the Degenerative Disc Diseases - Causes Versus Effects - Treatments, Studies and Hypothesis. Curr Genomics 2020; 21:464-477. [PMID: 33093808 PMCID: PMC7536794 DOI: 10.2174/1389202921999200407082315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In this review we survey medical treatments and research strategies, and we discuss why they have failed to cure degenerative disc diseases or even slow down the degenerative process. Objective We seek to stimulate discussion with respect to changing the medical paradigm associated with treatments and research applied to degenerative disc diseases. Method Proposal We summarize a Biological Transformation therapy for curing chronic inflammations and degenerative disc diseases, as was previously described in the book Biological Transformations controlled by the Mind Volume 1. Preliminary Studies A single-patient case study is presented that documents complete recovery from an advanced lumbar bilateral discopathy and long-term hypertrophic chronic rhinitis by application of the method proposed. Conclusion Biological transformations controlled by the mind can be applied by men and women in order to improve their quality of life and cure degenerative disc diseases and chronic inflammations illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Muresanu
- 1Romanian Television, TVR Cluj, 160 Donath Street, Cluj-Napoca, CJ 400293, Romania; 2Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, USA; 3Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; 4Department of Spinal Pathology and Neurosurgery, Turner Scientific and Research Institute for Children's Orthopedics, Street Parkovskya 64-68, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg, 196603, Russia; 5Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Institute of Pharmacology, Charite, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, AG: Theuring, Hessische Strasse 2-4, D-10115Berlin, Germany, 6Obie-Medical Corporate International LTD., Academic Section, 28 Oranye Street (American Quarters), Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria; 7I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str., 8, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia; 8Stress Relief and Memory Training Center, 3101 Ocean Pkwy, Suite 1A, Brooklyn, NY, 11235, USA; 9National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russia; 10Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3, Tsyurupy Str., Moscow, 117418, Russia; 11GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX78229, USA
| | - Siva G Somasundaram
- 1Romanian Television, TVR Cluj, 160 Donath Street, Cluj-Napoca, CJ 400293, Romania; 2Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, USA; 3Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; 4Department of Spinal Pathology and Neurosurgery, Turner Scientific and Research Institute for Children's Orthopedics, Street Parkovskya 64-68, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg, 196603, Russia; 5Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Institute of Pharmacology, Charite, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, AG: Theuring, Hessische Strasse 2-4, D-10115Berlin, Germany, 6Obie-Medical Corporate International LTD., Academic Section, 28 Oranye Street (American Quarters), Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria; 7I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str., 8, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia; 8Stress Relief and Memory Training Center, 3101 Ocean Pkwy, Suite 1A, Brooklyn, NY, 11235, USA; 9National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russia; 10Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3, Tsyurupy Str., Moscow, 117418, Russia; 11GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX78229, USA
| | - Margarita E Neganova
- 1Romanian Television, TVR Cluj, 160 Donath Street, Cluj-Napoca, CJ 400293, Romania; 2Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, USA; 3Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; 4Department of Spinal Pathology and Neurosurgery, Turner Scientific and Research Institute for Children's Orthopedics, Street Parkovskya 64-68, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg, 196603, Russia; 5Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Institute of Pharmacology, Charite, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, AG: Theuring, Hessische Strasse 2-4, D-10115Berlin, Germany, 6Obie-Medical Corporate International LTD., Academic Section, 28 Oranye Street (American Quarters), Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria; 7I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str., 8, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia; 8Stress Relief and Memory Training Center, 3101 Ocean Pkwy, Suite 1A, Brooklyn, NY, 11235, USA; 9National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russia; 10Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3, Tsyurupy Str., Moscow, 117418, Russia; 11GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX78229, USA
| | - Elena V Bovina
- 1Romanian Television, TVR Cluj, 160 Donath Street, Cluj-Napoca, CJ 400293, Romania; 2Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, USA; 3Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; 4Department of Spinal Pathology and Neurosurgery, Turner Scientific and Research Institute for Children's Orthopedics, Street Parkovskya 64-68, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg, 196603, Russia; 5Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Institute of Pharmacology, Charite, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, AG: Theuring, Hessische Strasse 2-4, D-10115Berlin, Germany, 6Obie-Medical Corporate International LTD., Academic Section, 28 Oranye Street (American Quarters), Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria; 7I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str., 8, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia; 8Stress Relief and Memory Training Center, 3101 Ocean Pkwy, Suite 1A, Brooklyn, NY, 11235, USA; 9National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russia; 10Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3, Tsyurupy Str., Moscow, 117418, Russia; 11GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX78229, USA
| | - Sergey V Vissarionov
- 1Romanian Television, TVR Cluj, 160 Donath Street, Cluj-Napoca, CJ 400293, Romania; 2Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, USA; 3Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; 4Department of Spinal Pathology and Neurosurgery, Turner Scientific and Research Institute for Children's Orthopedics, Street Parkovskya 64-68, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg, 196603, Russia; 5Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Institute of Pharmacology, Charite, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, AG: Theuring, Hessische Strasse 2-4, D-10115Berlin, Germany, 6Obie-Medical Corporate International LTD., Academic Section, 28 Oranye Street (American Quarters), Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria; 7I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str., 8, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia; 8Stress Relief and Memory Training Center, 3101 Ocean Pkwy, Suite 1A, Brooklyn, NY, 11235, USA; 9National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russia; 10Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3, Tsyurupy Str., Moscow, 117418, Russia; 11GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX78229, USA
| | - Okom N F C Ofodile
- 1Romanian Television, TVR Cluj, 160 Donath Street, Cluj-Napoca, CJ 400293, Romania; 2Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, USA; 3Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; 4Department of Spinal Pathology and Neurosurgery, Turner Scientific and Research Institute for Children's Orthopedics, Street Parkovskya 64-68, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg, 196603, Russia; 5Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Institute of Pharmacology, Charite, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, AG: Theuring, Hessische Strasse 2-4, D-10115Berlin, Germany, 6Obie-Medical Corporate International LTD., Academic Section, 28 Oranye Street (American Quarters), Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria; 7I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str., 8, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia; 8Stress Relief and Memory Training Center, 3101 Ocean Pkwy, Suite 1A, Brooklyn, NY, 11235, USA; 9National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russia; 10Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3, Tsyurupy Str., Moscow, 117418, Russia; 11GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX78229, USA
| | - Vladimir P Fisenko
- 1Romanian Television, TVR Cluj, 160 Donath Street, Cluj-Napoca, CJ 400293, Romania; 2Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, USA; 3Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; 4Department of Spinal Pathology and Neurosurgery, Turner Scientific and Research Institute for Children's Orthopedics, Street Parkovskya 64-68, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg, 196603, Russia; 5Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Institute of Pharmacology, Charite, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, AG: Theuring, Hessische Strasse 2-4, D-10115Berlin, Germany, 6Obie-Medical Corporate International LTD., Academic Section, 28 Oranye Street (American Quarters), Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria; 7I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str., 8, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia; 8Stress Relief and Memory Training Center, 3101 Ocean Pkwy, Suite 1A, Brooklyn, NY, 11235, USA; 9National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russia; 10Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3, Tsyurupy Str., Moscow, 117418, Russia; 11GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX78229, USA
| | - Valentin Bragin
- 1Romanian Television, TVR Cluj, 160 Donath Street, Cluj-Napoca, CJ 400293, Romania; 2Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, USA; 3Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; 4Department of Spinal Pathology and Neurosurgery, Turner Scientific and Research Institute for Children's Orthopedics, Street Parkovskya 64-68, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg, 196603, Russia; 5Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Institute of Pharmacology, Charite, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, AG: Theuring, Hessische Strasse 2-4, D-10115Berlin, Germany, 6Obie-Medical Corporate International LTD., Academic Section, 28 Oranye Street (American Quarters), Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria; 7I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str., 8, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia; 8Stress Relief and Memory Training Center, 3101 Ocean Pkwy, Suite 1A, Brooklyn, NY, 11235, USA; 9National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russia; 10Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3, Tsyurupy Str., Moscow, 117418, Russia; 11GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX78229, USA
| | - Nina N Minyaeva
- 1Romanian Television, TVR Cluj, 160 Donath Street, Cluj-Napoca, CJ 400293, Romania; 2Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, USA; 3Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; 4Department of Spinal Pathology and Neurosurgery, Turner Scientific and Research Institute for Children's Orthopedics, Street Parkovskya 64-68, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg, 196603, Russia; 5Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Institute of Pharmacology, Charite, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, AG: Theuring, Hessische Strasse 2-4, D-10115Berlin, Germany, 6Obie-Medical Corporate International LTD., Academic Section, 28 Oranye Street (American Quarters), Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria; 7I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str., 8, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia; 8Stress Relief and Memory Training Center, 3101 Ocean Pkwy, Suite 1A, Brooklyn, NY, 11235, USA; 9National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russia; 10Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3, Tsyurupy Str., Moscow, 117418, Russia; 11GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX78229, USA
| | - Vladimir N Chubarev
- 1Romanian Television, TVR Cluj, 160 Donath Street, Cluj-Napoca, CJ 400293, Romania; 2Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, USA; 3Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; 4Department of Spinal Pathology and Neurosurgery, Turner Scientific and Research Institute for Children's Orthopedics, Street Parkovskya 64-68, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg, 196603, Russia; 5Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Institute of Pharmacology, Charite, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, AG: Theuring, Hessische Strasse 2-4, D-10115Berlin, Germany, 6Obie-Medical Corporate International LTD., Academic Section, 28 Oranye Street (American Quarters), Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria; 7I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str., 8, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia; 8Stress Relief and Memory Training Center, 3101 Ocean Pkwy, Suite 1A, Brooklyn, NY, 11235, USA; 9National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russia; 10Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3, Tsyurupy Str., Moscow, 117418, Russia; 11GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX78229, USA
| | - Sergey G Klochkov
- 1Romanian Television, TVR Cluj, 160 Donath Street, Cluj-Napoca, CJ 400293, Romania; 2Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, USA; 3Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; 4Department of Spinal Pathology and Neurosurgery, Turner Scientific and Research Institute for Children's Orthopedics, Street Parkovskya 64-68, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg, 196603, Russia; 5Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Institute of Pharmacology, Charite, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, AG: Theuring, Hessische Strasse 2-4, D-10115Berlin, Germany, 6Obie-Medical Corporate International LTD., Academic Section, 28 Oranye Street (American Quarters), Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria; 7I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str., 8, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia; 8Stress Relief and Memory Training Center, 3101 Ocean Pkwy, Suite 1A, Brooklyn, NY, 11235, USA; 9National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russia; 10Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3, Tsyurupy Str., Moscow, 117418, Russia; 11GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX78229, USA
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- 1Romanian Television, TVR Cluj, 160 Donath Street, Cluj-Napoca, CJ 400293, Romania; 2Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, USA; 3Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; 4Department of Spinal Pathology and Neurosurgery, Turner Scientific and Research Institute for Children's Orthopedics, Street Parkovskya 64-68, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg, 196603, Russia; 5Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Institute of Pharmacology, Charite, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, AG: Theuring, Hessische Strasse 2-4, D-10115Berlin, Germany, 6Obie-Medical Corporate International LTD., Academic Section, 28 Oranye Street (American Quarters), Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria; 7I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str., 8, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia; 8Stress Relief and Memory Training Center, 3101 Ocean Pkwy, Suite 1A, Brooklyn, NY, 11235, USA; 9National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russia; 10Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3, Tsyurupy Str., Moscow, 117418, Russia; 11GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX78229, USA
| | - Liudmila M Mikhaleva
- 1Romanian Television, TVR Cluj, 160 Donath Street, Cluj-Napoca, CJ 400293, Romania; 2Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, USA; 3Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; 4Department of Spinal Pathology and Neurosurgery, Turner Scientific and Research Institute for Children's Orthopedics, Street Parkovskya 64-68, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg, 196603, Russia; 5Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Institute of Pharmacology, Charite, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, AG: Theuring, Hessische Strasse 2-4, D-10115Berlin, Germany, 6Obie-Medical Corporate International LTD., Academic Section, 28 Oranye Street (American Quarters), Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria; 7I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str., 8, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia; 8Stress Relief and Memory Training Center, 3101 Ocean Pkwy, Suite 1A, Brooklyn, NY, 11235, USA; 9National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russia; 10Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3, Tsyurupy Str., Moscow, 117418, Russia; 11GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX78229, USA
| | - Cecil E Kirkland
- 1Romanian Television, TVR Cluj, 160 Donath Street, Cluj-Napoca, CJ 400293, Romania; 2Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, USA; 3Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; 4Department of Spinal Pathology and Neurosurgery, Turner Scientific and Research Institute for Children's Orthopedics, Street Parkovskya 64-68, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg, 196603, Russia; 5Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Institute of Pharmacology, Charite, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, AG: Theuring, Hessische Strasse 2-4, D-10115Berlin, Germany, 6Obie-Medical Corporate International LTD., Academic Section, 28 Oranye Street (American Quarters), Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria; 7I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str., 8, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia; 8Stress Relief and Memory Training Center, 3101 Ocean Pkwy, Suite 1A, Brooklyn, NY, 11235, USA; 9National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russia; 10Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3, Tsyurupy Str., Moscow, 117418, Russia; 11GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX78229, USA
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- 1Romanian Television, TVR Cluj, 160 Donath Street, Cluj-Napoca, CJ 400293, Romania; 2Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, USA; 3Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; 4Department of Spinal Pathology and Neurosurgery, Turner Scientific and Research Institute for Children's Orthopedics, Street Parkovskya 64-68, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg, 196603, Russia; 5Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Institute of Pharmacology, Charite, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, AG: Theuring, Hessische Strasse 2-4, D-10115Berlin, Germany, 6Obie-Medical Corporate International LTD., Academic Section, 28 Oranye Street (American Quarters), Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria; 7I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str., 8, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia; 8Stress Relief and Memory Training Center, 3101 Ocean Pkwy, Suite 1A, Brooklyn, NY, 11235, USA; 9National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow, 101000, Russia; 10Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3, Tsyurupy Str., Moscow, 117418, Russia; 11GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX78229, USA
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Miranda CA, Guimarães ARDJS, Bizerra PFV, Mingatto FE. Diazinon impairs bioenergetics and induces membrane permeability transition on mitochondria isolated from rat liver. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2020; 83:616-629. [PMID: 32787525 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1805078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diazinon (DZN) is a broad-spectrum insecticide extensively used to control pests in crops and animals. Several investigators demonstrated that DZN produced tissue toxicity especially to the liver. In addition, the mitochondrion was implicated in DZN-induced toxicity, but the precise role of this organelle remains to be determined. The aim of this study was thus to examine the effects of DZN (50 to 150 μM) on the bioenergetics and mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) associated processes in isolated rat liver mitochondria. DZN inhibited state-3 respiration in mitochondria energized with glutamate plus malate, substrates of complex I, and succinate, substrate of complex II of the respiratory chain and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential resulting in inhibition of ATP synthesis. MPT was estimated by the extent of mitochondrial swelling, in the presence of 10 µM Ca2+. DZN elicited MPT in a concentration-dependent manner, via a mechanism sensitive to cyclosporine A, EGTA, ruthenium red and N-ethylmaleimide, which was associated with mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux and cytochrome c release. DZN did not result in hydrogen peroxide accumulation or glutathione oxidation, but this insecticide oxidized endogenous NAD(P)H and protein thiol groups. Data suggest the involvement of mitochondria, via apoptosis, in the hepatic cytotoxicity attributed to DZN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Araújo Miranda
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp) , Dracena, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Francisco Veiga Bizerra
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp) , Dracena, Brazil
| | - Fábio Erminio Mingatto
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp) , Dracena, Brazil
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155
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Natural Antioxidants: A Review of Studies on Human and Animal Coronavirus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3173281. [PMID: 32855764 PMCID: PMC7443229 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3173281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The outbreaks of viruses with wide spread and mortality in the world population have motivated the research for new therapeutic approaches. There are several viruses that cause a biochemical imbalance in the infected cell resulting in oxidative stress. These effects may be associated with the development of pathologies and worsening of symptoms. Therefore, this review is aimed at discussing natural compounds with both antioxidant and antiviral activities, specifically against coronavirus infection, in an attempt to contribute to global researches for discovering effective therapeutic agents in the treatment of coronavirus infection and its severe clinical complications. The contribution of the possible action of these compounds on metabolic modulation associated with antiviral properties, in addition to other mechanisms of action, is presented.
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156
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Muthu M, Chun S, Gopal J, Park GS, Nile A, Shin J, Shin J, Kim TH, Oh JW. The MUDENG Augmentation: A Genesis in Anti-Cancer Therapy? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5583. [PMID: 32759789 PMCID: PMC7432215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite multitudes of reports on cancer remedies available, we are far from being able to declare that we have arrived at that defining anti-cancer therapy. In recent decades, researchers have been looking into the possibility of enhancing cell death-related signaling pathways in cancer cells using pro-apoptotic proteins. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and Mu-2/AP1M2 domain containing, death-inducing (MUDENG, MuD) have been established for their ability to bring about cell death specifically in cancer cells. Targeted cell death is a very attractive term when it comes to cancer, since most therapies also affect normal cells. In this direction TRAIL has made noteworthy progress. This review briefly sums up what has been done using TRAIL in cancer therapeutics. The importance of MuD and what has been achieved thus far through MuD and the need to widen and concentrate on applicational aspects of MuD has been highlighted. This has been suggested as the future perspective of MuD towards prospective progress in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Muthu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (M.M.); (S.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Sechul Chun
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (M.M.); (S.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (M.M.); (S.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Gyun-Seok Park
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (G.-S.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Arti Nile
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (G.-S.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Jisoo Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (J.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (J.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Tae-Hyoung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chosun University School of Medicine, 309 Pilmoondaero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Korea;
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (J.S.); (J.S.)
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157
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Jiang H, Qi YT, Wu WT, Wen MY, Liu YL, Huang WH. Intracellular monitoring of NADH release from mitochondria using a single functionalized nanowire electrode. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8771-8778. [PMID: 34123129 PMCID: PMC8163350 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02787a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouse of cells, and also their suicidal weapon store. Mitochondrial dysfunction can cause the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) release from mitochondria, eventually leading to the disruption of energy metabolism and even cell death. Hence, NADH is often considered a marker of mitochondrial function, but in situ monitoring of NADH release from mitochondria in single living cells remains a great challenge. Herein, we develop a functionalized single nanowire electrode (NWE) for electrochemical detection of NADH release from intracellular mitochondria by modifying conductive polymer (poly(3,4-ethylendioxythiophene), PEDOT)-coated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of a SiC@C nanowire. The positively charged PEDOT facilitates the accumulation of negatively charged NADH at the electrode surface and CNTs promote electron transfer, thus endowing the NWE with high sensitivity and selectivity. Further studies show that resveratrol, a natural product, specifically induced NADH release from mitochondria of MCF-7 cancer cells rather than non-cancerous MCF-10 A cells, indicating the potential therapeutic effects of resveratrol in cancer treatment. This work provides an efficient method to monitor mitochondrial function by in situ electrochemical measurement of NADH release, which will be of great benefit for physiological and pathological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yu-Ting Qi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Wen-Tao Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Ming-Yong Wen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
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158
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Sarvari S, Moakedi F, Hone E, Simpkins JW, Ren X. Mechanisms in blood-brain barrier opening and metabolism-challenged cerebrovascular ischemia with emphasis on ischemic stroke. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:851-868. [PMID: 32297170 PMCID: PMC7988906 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of disability among adults as well as the 2nd leading cause of death globally. Ischemic stroke accounts for about 85% of strokes, and currently, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), whose therapeutic window is limited to up to 4.5 h for the appropriate population, is the only FDA approved drug in practice and medicine. After a stroke, a cascade of pathophysiological events results in the opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) through which further complications, disabilities, and mortality are likely to threaten the patient's health. Strikingly, tPA administration in eligible patients might cause hemorrhagic transformation and sustained damage to BBB integrity. One must, therefore, delineate upon stroke onset which cellular and molecular factors mediate BBB permeability as well as what key roles BBB rupture plays in the pathophysiology of stroke. In this review article, given our past findings of mechanisms underlying BBB opening in stroke animal models, we elucidate cellular, subcellular, and molecular factors involved in BBB permeability after ischemic stroke. The contribution of each factor to stroke severity and outcome is further discussed. Determinant factors in BBB permeability and stroke include mitochondria, miRNAs, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion proteins. Once these factors are interrogated and their roles in the pathophysiology of stroke are determined, novel targets for drug discovery and development can be uncovered in addition to novel therapeutic avenues for human stroke management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Sarvari
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Faezeh Moakedi
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Emily Hone
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - James W Simpkins
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Experimental Stroke Core Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Xuefang Ren
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
- Experimental Stroke Core Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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159
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Elmallah MIY, Cogo S, Constantinescu AA, Elifio-Esposito S, Abdelfattah MS, Micheau O. Marine Actinomycetes-Derived Secondary Metabolites Overcome TRAIL-Resistance via the Intrinsic Pathway through Downregulation of Survivin and XIAP. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081760. [PMID: 32708048 PMCID: PMC7464567 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance of cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis represents the major hurdle to the clinical use of TRAIL or its derivatives. The discovery and development of lead compounds able to sensitize tumor cells to TRAIL-induced cell death is thus likely to overcome this limitation. We recently reported that marine actinomycetes’ crude extracts could restore TRAIL sensitivity of the MDA-MB-231 resistant triple negative breast cancer cell line. We demonstrate in this study, that purified secondary metabolites originating from distinct marine actinomycetes (sharkquinone (1), resistomycin (2), undecylprodigiosin (3), butylcyclopentylprodigiosin (4), elloxizanone A (5) and B (6), carboxyexfoliazone (7), and exfoliazone (8)), alone, and in a concentration-dependent manner, induce killing in both MDA-MB-231 and HCT116 cell lines. Combined with TRAIL, these compounds displayed additive to synergistic apoptotic activity in the Jurkat, HCT116 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Mechanistically, these secondary metabolites induced and enhanced procaspase-10, -8, -9 and -3 activation leading to an increase in PARP and lamin A/C cleavage. Apoptosis induced by these compounds was blocked by the pan-caspase inhibitor QvD, but not by a deficiency in caspase-8, FADD or TRAIL agonist receptors. Activation of the intrinsic pathway, on the other hand, is likely to explain both their ability to trigger cell death and to restore sensitivity to TRAIL, as it was evidenced that these compounds could induce the downregulation of XIAP and survivin. Our data further highlight that compounds derived from marine sources may lead to novel anti-cancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I. Y. Elmallah
- LNC, INSERM, UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France; (S.C.); (A.A.C.)
- UFR Science de Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21079 Dijon, France
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Ain Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (M.I.Y.E.); (O.M.)
| | - Sheron Cogo
- LNC, INSERM, UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France; (S.C.); (A.A.C.)
- UFR Science de Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21079 Dijon, France
- Graduate Programme in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba 80215–901, Parana, Brazil;
| | - Andrei A. Constantinescu
- LNC, INSERM, UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France; (S.C.); (A.A.C.)
- UFR Science de Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21079 Dijon, France
| | - Selene Elifio-Esposito
- Graduate Programme in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba 80215–901, Parana, Brazil;
| | - Mohammed S. Abdelfattah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Ain Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt;
- Marine Natural Products Unit (MNPRU), Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Ain Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Olivier Micheau
- LNC, INSERM, UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France; (S.C.); (A.A.C.)
- UFR Science de Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21079 Dijon, France
- Correspondence: (M.I.Y.E.); (O.M.)
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160
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Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Mediated Mitochondrial Transfer and the Therapeutic Potential in Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8838046. [PMID: 32724315 PMCID: PMC7364205 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8838046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can be derived from various tissues. Due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, MSCs have been extensively researched and tested for treatment of different diseases/indications. One mechanism that MSCs exert functions is through the transfer of mitochondria, a key player involved in many biological processes in health and disease. Mitochondria transfer is bidirectional and has an impact on both donor and recipient cells. In this review, we discussed how MSC-mediated mitochondrial transfer may affect cellular metabolism, survival, proliferation, and differentiation; how this process influences inflammatory processes; and what is the molecular machinery that mediates mitochondrial transfer. In the end, we summarized recent advances in preclinical research and clinical trials for the treatment of stroke and spinal cord injury, through application of MSCs and/or MSC-derived mitochondria.
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161
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Abstract
Bharath et al., 2020 report that CD4+ T lymphocytes from aged individuals exhibit defective mitochondrial autophagy, resulting in altered redox metabolism and upregulation of TH17 cytokines, which in turn may contribute to aging-associated chronic inflammation or "inflammaging." Of note, the antiaging drug metformin reverses this autophagy defect and rejuvenates CD4+ T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Kroemer
- Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China; Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China; Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France; INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
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162
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Ravishankar A, Cumming JR, Gallagher JEG. Mitochondrial metabolism is central for response and resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114359. [PMID: 32443188 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides, the most extensively used herbicides in the world, are available in an enormous number of commercial formulations with varying additives and adjuvants. Here, we study the effects of one such formulation, Credit41, in two genetically diverse yeast strains. A quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis between a sensitive laboratory strain and a resistant strain linked mitochondrial function to Credit41 resistance. Two genes encoding mitochondrial proteins identified through the QTL analysis were HFA1, a gene that encodes a mitochondrial acetyl CoA carboxylase, and AAC3, which encodes a mitochondrial inner membrane ATP/ADP translocator. Further analysis of previously studied whole-genome sequencing data showed that, although each strain uses varying routes to attain glyphosate resistance, most strains have duplications of mitochondrial genes. One of the most well-studied functions of the mitochondria is the assembly of Fe-S clusters. In the current study, the expression of iron transporters in the transcriptome increased in cells resistant to Credit41. The levels of iron within the cell also increased in cells exposed to Credit41 but not pure glyphosate. Hence, the additives in glyphosate-based herbicides have a significant contribution to the negative effects of these commercial formulations on biological systems.
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163
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Mitochondrial Transfer as a Therapeutic Strategy Against Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:1214-1228. [PMID: 32592024 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a debilitating disease that remains the second leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite accumulating knowledge of the disease pathology, treatments for stroke are limited, and clinical translation of the neuroprotective agents has not been a complete success. Accumulating evidence links mitochondrial dysfunction to brain impairments after stroke. Recent studies have implicated the important roles of healthy mitochondria in neuroprotection and neural recovery following ischemic stroke. New and convincing studies have shown that mitochondrial transfer to the damaged cells can help revive cells energetic in the recipient cells. Hence, mitochondrial transplantation has shown to replace impaired or dysfunctional mitochondria with exogenous healthy mitochondria after ischemic stroke. We highlight the potential of mitochondrial transfer by stem cells as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke. This review captures the recent advances in the mitochondrial transfer as a novel and promising treatment for ischemic stroke.
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164
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Wu Q, Mao Z, Liu J, Huang J, Wang N. Ligustilide Attenuates Ischemia Reperfusion-Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Apoptosis via Activating the PI3K/Akt Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:979. [PMID: 32676033 PMCID: PMC7333531 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligustilide (LIG), a main lipophilic component isolated from Cnidii Rhizoma (Cnidium officinale, rhizome) and Angelicae Gigantis Radix (Angelica gigas Nakai, root), has been shown to alleviate cerebral ischemia injury and paly a neuroprotective role. We investigated mechanisms underlying the antiapoptotic effects of LIG in vitro and in vivo, respectively, using cultured primary hippocampal neurons under oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) and rats under cerebral ischemia reperfusion(I/R) conditions. In vitro studies revealed that the suppressed apoptosis in hippocampal neurons upon LIG treatment was associated with reduced calcium influx and generation of reactive oxygen species. The LIG-treated hippocampal neurons exhibited decreased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and the release of CytC from mitochondria as well as the expression of cleaved caspase-3, which were accompanied with enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt protein, in a PI3K-dependent manner. In vivo studies demonstrated a neuroprotective role of LIG in attenuating cerebral infarction volume, neurological injury and hippocampal neuron injury, suggesting that LIG could reverse ischemia reperfusion(I/R)-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. These results together suggest that LIG may be considered as a neuroprotectant in the treatment of ischemia stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiguo Mao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jinling Huang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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165
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Bravo JI, Nozownik S, Danthi PS, Benayoun BA. Transposable elements, circular RNAs and mitochondrial transcription in age-related genomic regulation. Development 2020; 147:dev175786. [PMID: 32527937 PMCID: PMC10680986 DOI: 10.1242/dev.175786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the molecular regulation of aging and age-related diseases is still in its infancy, requiring in-depth characterization of the molecular landscape shaping these complex phenotypes. Emerging classes of molecules with promise as aging modulators include transposable elements, circRNAs and the mitochondrial transcriptome. Analytical complexity means that these molecules are often overlooked, even though they exhibit strong associations with aging and, in some cases, may directly contribute to its progress. Here, we review the links between these novel factors and age-related phenotypes, and we suggest tools that can be easily incorporated into existing pipelines to better understand the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I Bravo
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Graduate Program in the Biology of Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Séverine Nozownik
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Magistère européen de Génétique, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris 75014, France
| | - Prakroothi S Danthi
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Bérénice A Benayoun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- USC Stem Cell Initiative, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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166
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Dickinson K, Case AJ, Kupzyk K, Saligan L. Exploring Biologic Correlates of Cancer-Related Fatigue in Men With Prostate Cancer: Cell Damage Pathways and Oxidative Stress. Biol Res Nurs 2020; 22:514-519. [PMID: 32515205 DOI: 10.1177/1099800420933347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The pathobiology of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) remains elusive, hindering the development of targeted treatments. Radiation therapy (RT), a common treatment for men with prostate cancer, induces cell damage through the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress. We hypothesized that disruption in cellular responses to this surge of nonphysiological oxidative stress might contribute to CRF in men with prostate cancer treated with RT. We evaluated the potential role of three cell damage pathways (apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis) and oxidative stress in CRF in men with prostate cancer receiving RT. Fatigue was measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Fatigue (FACT-F) questionnaire. Gene expression was measured in whole blood using RT2 profiler™ PCR arrays. Data were collected at two time points: either baseline or Day 1 of treatment (T1) and completion of treatment (T2). Participants were grouped into either the fatigued or nonfatigued phenotype at T2 using the recommended FACT-F cut-off score for clinical significance. We observed significant upregulation of seven genes related to three cell damage pathways in the fatigued group from T1 to T2 and no significant changes in the nonfatigued group. We also observed significant downregulation of two genes related to oxidative stress in the fatigued group compared to the nonfatigued group at T2. These collective results provide preliminary evidence that cell damage might be upregulated in the CRF phenotype. Validation of these findings using a larger and more diverse sample is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Dickinson
- College of Nursing, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Symptom Biology Unit, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adam J Case
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kevin Kupzyk
- College of Nursing, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Leorey Saligan
- Symptom Biology Unit, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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167
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Truong NTT, Lydic TA, Bazil JN, Suryadevara A, Olson LK. Regulation of lipid metabolism in pancreatic beta cells by interferon gamma: A link to anti-viral function. Cytokine 2020; 133:155147. [PMID: 32492632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interferons (IFN) have been shown to alter lipid metabolism in immune and some non-hematopoietic cells and this affects host cell response to pathogens. In type 1 diabetes, IFNγ acts as a proinflammatory cytokine that, along with other cytokines, is released during pancreatic beta cell autoinflammation and contributes to immune response and beta cell dysfunction. The hypothesis tested herein is that IFN modifies beta cell lipid metabolism and this is associated with enhanced anti-viral response and beta cell stress. Treatment of INS-1 cells with IFNγ for 6 to 24 h led to a dynamic change in TAG and lipid droplet (LD) levels, with a decrease at 6 h and an increase at 24 h. The later accumulation of TAG was associated with increased de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and impaired mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Gene expression results suggested that IFNγ regulates lipolytic, lipogenic, LD and FAO genes in a temporal manner. The changes in lipid gene expression are dependent on the classical Janus kinase (JAK) pathway. Pretreatment with IFNγ robustly enhanced anti-viral gene expression induced by the viral mimetic polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (PIC), and this potentiating effect of IFNγ was markedly attenuated by inhibitors of DNL. The IFNγ-induced accumulation of lipid, however, was insufficient to cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. These studies demonstrated a non-canonical effect of IFNγ in regulation of pancreatic beta cell lipid metabolism that is intimately linked with host cell defense and might alter cellular function early in the progression to type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T T Truong
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Todd A Lydic
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Mass Spectrometry Core (MMD-CMSC), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jason N Bazil
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Abhijeet Suryadevara
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - L Karl Olson
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
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168
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McBride MA, Owen AM, Stothers CL, Hernandez A, Luan L, Burelbach KR, Patil TK, Bohannon JK, Sherwood ER, Patil NK. The Metabolic Basis of Immune Dysfunction Following Sepsis and Trauma. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1043. [PMID: 32547553 PMCID: PMC7273750 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Critically ill, severely injured and high-risk surgical patients are vulnerable to secondary infections during hospitalization and after hospital discharge. Studies show that the mitochondrial function and oxidative metabolism of monocytes and macrophages are impaired during sepsis. Alternatively, treatment with microbe-derived ligands, such as monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), peptidoglycan, or β-glucan, that interact with toll-like receptors and other pattern recognition receptors on leukocytes induces a state of innate immune memory that confers broad-spectrum resistance to infection with common hospital-acquired pathogens. Priming of macrophages with MPLA, CPG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN), or β-glucan induces a macrophage metabolic phenotype characterized by mitochondrial biogenesis and increased oxidative metabolism in parallel with increased glycolysis, cell size and granularity, augmented phagocytosis, heightened respiratory burst functions, and more effective killing of microbes. The mitochondrion is a bioenergetic organelle that not only contributes to energy supply, biosynthesis, and cellular redox functions but serves as a platform for regulating innate immunological functions such as production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulatory intermediates. This review will define current knowledge of leukocyte metabolic dysfunction during and after sepsis and trauma. We will further discuss therapeutic strategies that target leukocyte mitochondrial function and might have value in preventing or reversing sepsis- and trauma-induced immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. McBride
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Allison M. Owen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Cody L. Stothers
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Antonio Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Liming Luan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Katherine R. Burelbach
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Tazeen K. Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Julia K. Bohannon
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Edward R. Sherwood
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Naeem K. Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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169
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Piantadosi CA. Mitochondrial DNA, oxidants, and innate immunity. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:455-461. [PMID: 31958498 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidant damage, including damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a feature of both severe microbial infections and inflammation arising from sterile (non-infectious) sources such as tissue trauma. Damaged mitochondria release intact or oxidized fragments of mtDNA into the cytoplasm, which represent oxidant injury, and the fragments promote a spontaneous innate immune response, exemplifying a modern frontier of immunological research. MtDNA and mitochondrial-derived oxidants are central factors in activating at least three innate immune pathways involving the TLR9 (Toll-like receptor 9), the NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein-3) inflammasome, and the cGAS (cyclic AMP-GMP synthase) pathway. The events that allow mtDNA to escape from damaged mitochondria and from damaged cells are incompletely known, but the presence of cytoplasmic mtDNA and cell-free mtDNA as immune regulators are important for understanding the cell's capacity for protecting mitochondrial quality control (MQC) and cell viability during inflammatory states.
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170
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Mitochondrial bioenergetics, uncoupling protein-2 activity, and reactive oxygen species production in the small intestine of a TNBS-induced colitis rat model. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 470:87-98. [PMID: 32394310 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03749-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often associated with a decrease in energy-dependent nutrient uptake across the jejunum that serves as the main site for absorption in the small intestine. This association has prompted us to investigate the bioenergetics underlying the alterations in jejunal absorption in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats. We have found that mitochondrial oxygen consumption did not change in state 2 and state 3 respirations but showed an increase in state 4 respiration indicating a decrease in the respiratory control ratio of jejunal mitochondria during the peak of inflammation. This decrease in the coupling state was found to be guanosine diphosphate-sensitive, hence, implicating the involvement of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2). Furthermore, the study has reported that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), known to be activators of UCP2, correlated negatively with UCP2 activity. Thus, we suggest that ROS production in the jejunum might be activating UCP2 which has an antioxidant activity, and that uncoupling of the mitochondria decreases the efficiency of energy production, leading to a decrease in energy-dependent nutrient absorption. Hence, this study is the first to account for an involvement of energy production and a role for UCP2 in the absorptive abnormalities of the small intestine in animal models of colitis.
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171
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Banerjee A, Kulkarni S, Mukherjee A. Herpes Simplex Virus: The Hostile Guest That Takes Over Your Home. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:733. [PMID: 32457704 PMCID: PMC7221137 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha (α)-herpesviruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2), like other viruses, are obligate intracellular parasites. They hijack the cellular machinery to survive and replicate through evading the defensive responses by the host. The viral genome of herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) contains viral genes, the products of which are destined to exploit the host apparatus for their own existence. Cellular modulations begin from the entry point itself. The two main gateways that the virus has to penetrate are the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane. Changes in the cell membrane are triggered when the glycoproteins of HSV interact with the surface receptors of the host cell, and from here, the components of the cytoskeleton take over. The rearrangement in the cytoskeleton components help the virus to enter as well as transport to the nucleus and back to the cell membrane to spread out to the other cells. The entire carriage process is also mediated by the motor proteins of the kinesin and dynein superfamily and is directed by the viral tegument proteins. Also, the virus captures the cell’s most efficient cargo carrying system, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–Golgi vesicular transport machinery for egress to the cell membrane. For these reasons, the host cell has its own checkpoints where the normal functions are halted once a danger is sensed. However, a cell may be prepared for the adversities from an invading virus, and it is simply commendable that the virus has the antidote to these cellular strategies as well. The HSV viral proteins are capable of limiting the use of the transcriptional and translational tools for the cell itself, so that its own transcription and translation pathways remain unhindered. HSV prefers to constrain any self-destruction process of the cell—be it autophagy in the lysosome or apoptosis by the mitochondria, so that it can continue to parasitize the cell for its own survival. This review gives a detailed account of the significance of compartmentalization during HSV pathogenesis. It also highlights the undiscovered areas in the HSV cell biology research which demand attention for devising improved therapeutics against the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Banerjee
- Division of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Smita Kulkarni
- Division of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Anupam Mukherjee
- Division of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
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172
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Zhang R, Tang L, Tian Y, Ji X, Hu Q, Zhou B, Zhenyu D, Heng X, Yang L. Cholesterol-modified DP7 enhances the effect of individualized cancer immunotherapy based on neoantigens. Biomaterials 2020; 241:119852. [PMID: 32120313 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Personalized cancer vaccines based on neoantigens have become an important research direction in cancer immunotherapy. However, their therapeutic effects are limited by the efficiency of antigen uptake and presentation by antigen presenting cells. Here, the low-toxicity cholesterol-modified antimicrobial peptide (AMP) DP7 (DP7-C), which has dual functions as a carrier and an immune adjuvant, improved the dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccine efficacy. As a delivery carrier, DP7-C can efficiently delivery various antigen peptides into 75-95% of DCs via caveolin- and clathrin-dependent pathways. As an immune adjuvant, DP7-C can induce DC maturation and proinflammatory cytokine release via the TLR2-MyD88-NF-κB pathway and effectively increase antigen presentation efficiency. In addition, DP7-C enhanced the efficacy of DC-based individualized cancer immunotherapy and achieved excellent antitumor effects on mouse tumor models using the OVA antigen peptides and LL2-neoantigens. Excitingly, after DP7-C stimulation, the antigen uptake efficiency of monocytes-derived DCs (MoDCs) in patients with advanced lung cancer increased from 14-40% to 88-98%, the presentation efficiency increased from approximately 15% to approximately 65%, and the proportion of mature MoDCs increased from approximately 20% to approximately 60%. These findings suggest that our approach may be a potentially alternative strategy to produce cancer vaccines designed for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yaomei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiuyue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bailing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ding Zhenyu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Heng
- Precision Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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173
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Zottel A, Jovčevska I, Šamec N, Mlakar J, Šribar J, Križaj I, Skoblar Vidmar M, Komel R. Anti-vimentin, anti-TUFM, anti-NAP1L1 and anti-DPYSL2 nanobodies display cytotoxic effect and reduce glioblastoma cell migration. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920915302. [PMID: 32426045 PMCID: PMC7222267 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920915302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma is a particularly common and very aggressive primary brain tumour. One of the main causes of therapy failure is the presence of glioblastoma stem cells that are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and that have the potential to form new tumours. This study focuses on validation of eight novel antigens, TRIM28, nucleolin, vimentin, nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 1 (NAP1L1), mitochondrial translation elongation factor (EF-TU) (TUFM), dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 (DPYSL2), collapsin response mediator protein 1 (CRMP1) and Aly/REF export factor (ALYREF), as putative glioblastoma targets, using nanobodies. Methods: Expression of these eight antigens was analysed at the cellular level by qPCR, ELISA and immunocytochemistry, and in tissues by immunohistochemistry. The cytotoxic effects of the nanobodies were determined using AlamarBlue and water-soluble tetrazolium tests. Annexin V/propidium iodide tests were used to determine apoptotsis/necrosis of the cells in the presence of the nanobodies. Cell migration assays were performed to determine the effects of the nanobodies on cell migration. Results: NAP1L1 and CRMP1 were significantly overexpressed in glioblastoma stem cells in comparison with astrocytes and glioblastoma cell lines at the mRNA and protein levels. Vimentin, DPYSL2 and ALYREF were overexpressed in glioblastoma cell lines only at the protein level. The functional part of the study examined the cytotoxic effects of the nanobodies on glioblastoma cell lines. Four of the nanobodies were selected in terms of their specificity towards glioblastoma cells and protein overexpression: anti-vimentin (Nb79), anti-NAP1L1 (Nb179), anti-TUFM (Nb225) and anti-DPYSL2 (Nb314). In further experiments to optimise the nanobody treatment schemes, to increase their effects, and to determine their impact on migration of glioblastoma cells, the anti-TUFM nanobody showed large cytotoxic effects on glioblastoma stem cells, while the anti-vimentin, anti-NAP1L1 and anti-DPYSL2 nanobodies were indicated as agents to target mature glioblastoma cells. The anti-vimentin nanobody also had significant effects on migration of mature glioblastoma cells. Conclusion: Nb79 (anti-vimentin), Nb179 (anti-NAP1L1), Nb225 (anti-TUFM) and Nb314 (anti-DPYSL2) nanobodies are indicated for further examination for cell targeting. The anti-TUFM nanobody, Nb225, is particularly potent for inhibition of cell growth after long-term exposure of glioblastoma stem cells, with minor effects seen for astrocytes. The anti-vimentin nanobody represents an agent for inhibition of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alja Zottel
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivana Jovčevska
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neja Šamec
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Mlakar
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Šribar
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Križaj
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Radovan Komel
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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174
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Liu L, Liao X, Wu H, Li Y, Zhu Y, Chen Q. Mitophagy and Its Contribution to Metabolic and Aging-Associated Disorders. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:906-927. [PMID: 31969001 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.8013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Mitochondria are the cellular powerhouses for ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation, and the centers for fatty acid β-oxidation, metabolite synthesis, reactive oxygen species production, innate immunity, and apoptosis. To fulfill these critical functions, mitochondrial quality and homeostasis must be well maintained. Abnormal mitochondrial quality contributes to aging and age-related disorders, such as metabolic syndrome, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent Advances: Mitophagy is a cellular process that selectively removes damaged or superfluous mitochondria by autolysosomal degradation and is regarded as one of the major mechanisms responsible for mitochondrial quality control. Critical Issues: To date, distinct mitophagy pathways have been discovered, including receptor-mediated mitophagy and ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy. Emerging knowledge of these pathways shows that they play important roles in sensing mitochondrial stress and signaling for metabolic adaptations. Future Directions: Here, we provide a review on the molecular mechanisms for mitophagy and its interplay with cellular metabolism, with a particular focus on its role in metabolic and age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Liao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yushan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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175
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Mitochondrial biogenesis as a therapeutic target for traumatic and neurodegenerative CNS diseases. Exp Neurol 2020; 329:113309. [PMID: 32289315 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases, both traumatic and neurodegenerative, are characterized by impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and often disturbed mitochondrial dynamics. The dysregulation observed in these pathologies leads to defective respiratory chain function and reduced ATP production, thereby promoting neuronal death. As such, attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction through induction of mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) is a promising, though still underexplored, therapeutic strategy. MB is a multifaceted process involving the integration of highly regulated transcriptional events, lipid membrane and protein synthesis/assembly and replication of mtDNA. Several nuclear transcription factors promote the expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial import and export systems, antioxidant defense and mitochondrial gene transcription. Of these, the nuclear-encoded peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is the most commonly studied and is widely accepted as the 'master regulator' of MB. Several recent preclinical studies document that reestablishment of mitochondrial homeostasis through increased MB results in inhibited injury progression and increased functional recovery. This perspective will briefly review the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the propagation of CNS diseases, while also describing current research strategies that mediate mitochondrial dysfunction and compounds that induce MB for the treatment of acute and chronic neuropathologies.
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176
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Kim EK, Min HK, Lee SY, Kim DS, Ryu JG, Na HS, Jung KA, Choi JW, Park SH, Cho ML. Metformin rescues rapamycin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and attenuates rheumatoid arthritis with metabolic syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:77. [PMID: 32276645 PMCID: PMC7149912 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rapamycin, an inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase mTOR, is an immunosuppressant used to treat renal transplant recipients, but it can cause endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction. Metformin is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and was reported to exert therapeutic effects against rheumatoid arthritis and obesity by improving mitochondrial dysfunction via the activation of fibroblast growth factor 21. We investigated the therapeutic effects of rapamycin–metformin combination therapy in obese mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Methods Mouse embryonic fibroblasts were treated with rapamycin, metformin, or rapamycin–metformin, and their respiratory level and mitochondrial gene expression were assayed. Mice were fed a high-fat diet, immunized with type II collagen, and subsequently treated with rapamycin–metformin daily for 10 weeks. Results Rapamycin-treated cells exhibited dysfunction of mitochondrial respiration and decreased mitochondrial gene expression compared with rapamycin–metformin-treated cells. Moreover, rapamycin–metformin reduced the clinical arthritis score and the extent of histological inflammation and improved the metabolic profile in obese mice with CIA. Rapamycin–metformin enhanced the balance between T helper 17 and regulatory T cells in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions These results suggest that rapamycin–metformin is a potential therapeutic option for autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Kim
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Institutes of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Network, Conversant Research Consortium in Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Ki Min
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Yeong Lee
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Institutes of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Som Kim
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Institutes of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Geol Ryu
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Institutes of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Na
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Institutes of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ah Jung
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Institutes of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Choi
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Institutes of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-070, South Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Institutes of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea. .,Laboratory of Immune Network, Conversant Research Consortium in Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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177
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Gibellini L, De Gaetano A, Mandrioli M, Van Tongeren E, Bortolotti CA, Cossarizza A, Pinti M. The biology of Lonp1: More than a mitochondrial protease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 354:1-61. [PMID: 32475470 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Initially discovered as a protease responsible for degradation of misfolded or damaged proteins, the mitochondrial Lon protease (Lonp1) turned out to be a multifaceted enzyme, that displays at least three different functions (proteolysis, chaperone activity, binding of mtDNA) and that finely regulates several cellular processes, within and without mitochondria. Indeed, LONP1 in humans is ubiquitously expressed, and is involved in regulation of response to oxidative stress and, heat shock, in the maintenance of mtDNA, in the regulation of mitophagy. Furthermore, its proteolytic activity can regulate several biochemical pathways occurring totally or partially within mitochondria, such as TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, steroid and heme biosynthesis and glutamine production. Because of these multiple activities, Lon protease is highly conserved throughout evolution, and mutations occurring in its gene determines severe diseases in humans, including a rare syndrome characterized by Cerebral, Ocular, Dental, Auricular and Skeletal anomalies (CODAS). Finally, alterations of LONP1 regulation in humans can favor tumor progression and aggressiveness, further highlighting the crucial role of this enzyme in mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anna De Gaetano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Mauro Mandrioli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elia Van Tongeren
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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178
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Pérez-Treviño P, Velásquez M, García N. Mechanisms of mitochondrial DNA escape and its relationship with different metabolic diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165761. [PMID: 32169503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can escape to intracellular or extracellular compartments under different stress conditions, yet understanding their escape mechanisms remains a challenge. Although Bax/Bak pores and VDAC oligomers are the strongest possibilities, other mechanisms may be involved. For example, mitochondria permeability transition, altered mitophagy, and mitochondrial dynamics are associated with intracellular mtDNA escape, while extracellular traps and extracellular vesicles can participate in extracellular mtDNA escape. The evidence suggests that mtDNA escape is a complex event with more than one mechanism involved. In addition, once the mtDNA is outside the mitochondria, the effects can be complex. Different danger signal sensors recognize the mtDNA as a damage-associated molecular pattern, triggering an innate immune inflammatory response that can be observed in multiple metabolic diseases characterized by chronic inflammation, including autoimmune diseases, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. For these reasons, we will review the most recent evidence regarding mtDNA escape mechanisms and their impact on different metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Pérez-Treviño
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Mónica Velásquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Noemí García
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico; Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Zambrano-Hellion, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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179
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Ma L, Chan P. Understanding the Physiological Links Between Physical Frailty and Cognitive Decline. Aging Dis 2020; 11:405-418. [PMID: 32257550 PMCID: PMC7069469 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Declines in both physical and cognitive function are associated with increasing age. Understanding the physiological link between physical frailty and cognitive decline may allow us to develop interventions that prevent and treat both conditions. Although there is significant epidemiological evidence linking physical frailty to cognitive decline, a complete understanding of the underpinning biological basis of the two disorders remains fragmented. This narrative review discusses insights into the potential roles of chronic inflammation, impaired hypothalamic-pituitary axis stress response, imbalanced energy metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroendocrine dysfunction linking physical frailty with cognitive decline. We highlight the importance of easier identification of strategic approaches delaying the progression and onset of physical frailty and cognitive decline as well as preventing disability in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ma
- 1Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing, China.,2China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Piu Chan
- 1Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing, China.,2China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Beijing, China.,3Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,4Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Parkinson Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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180
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Tobler M, Barts N, Greenway R. Mitochondria and the Origin of Species: Bridging Genetic and Ecological Perspectives on Speciation Processes. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 59:900-911. [PMID: 31004483 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have been known to be involved in speciation through the generation of Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities, where functionally neutral co-evolution between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes can cause dysfunction when alleles are recombined in hybrids. We propose that adaptive mitochondrial divergence between populations can not only produce intrinsic (Dobzhansky-Muller) incompatibilities, but could also contribute to reproductive isolation through natural and sexual selection against migrants, post-mating prezygotic isolation, as well as by causing extrinsic reductions in hybrid fitness. We describe how these reproductive isolating barriers can potentially arise through adaptive divergence of mitochondrial function in the absence of mito-nuclear coevolution, a departure from more established views. While a role for mitochondria in the speciation process appears promising, we also highlight critical gaps of knowledge: (1) many systems with a potential for mitochondrially-mediated reproductive isolation lack crucial evidence directly linking reproductive isolation and mitochondrial function; (2) it often remains to be seen if mitochondrial barriers are a driver or a consequence of reproductive isolation; (3) the presence of substantial gene flow in the presence of mito-nuclear incompatibilities raises questions whether such incompatibilities are strong enough to drive speciation to completion; and (4) it remains to be tested how mitochondrial effects on reproductive isolation compare when multiple mechanisms of reproductive isolation coincide. We hope this perspective and the proposed research plans help to inform future studies of mitochondrial adaptation in a manner that links genotypic changes to phenotypic adaptations, fitness, and reproductive isolation in natural systems, helping to clarify the importance of mitochondria in the formation and maintenance of biological diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tobler
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - N Barts
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - R Greenway
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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181
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Rodriguez-Ruiz ME, Vitale I, Harrington KJ, Melero I, Galluzzi L. Immunological impact of cell death signaling driven by radiation on the tumor microenvironment. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:120-134. [PMID: 31873291 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic irradiation of the tumor microenvironment causes differential activation of pro-survival and pro-death pathways in malignant, stromal, endothelial and immune cells, hence causing a profound cellular and biological reconfiguration via multiple, non-redundant mechanisms. Such mechanisms include the selective elimination of particularly radiosensitive cell types and consequent loss of specific cellular functions, the local release of cytokines and danger signals by dying radiosensitive cells, and altered cytokine secretion by surviving radioresistant cells. Altogether, these processes create chemotactic and immunomodulatory cues for incoming and resident immune cells. Here we discuss how cytoprotective and cytotoxic signaling modules activated by radiation in specific cell populations reshape the immunological tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Esperanza Rodriguez-Ruiz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ilio Vitale
- IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Kevin J Harrington
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden Hospital/Institute of Cancer Research National Institute for Health Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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182
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Guo M, Chen K, Lv Z, Shao Y, Zhang W, Zhao X, Li C. Bcl-2 mediates coelomocytes apoptosis by suppressing cytochrome c release in Vibrio splendidus challenged Apostichopus japonicus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:103533. [PMID: 31669879 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved immune response and plays a fundamental role in many physiological processes. In this study, the important apoptosis regulator of Bcl-2 homolog from economic marine animal Apostichopus japonicus (AjBcl-2) was cloned and its roles in V. splendidus infection explored. The AjBcl-2 gene contains 3263 nucleotides, with a 5' UTR of 519 bp, an ORF of 660 bp encoding 219 aa sequences, and a 3' UTR of 2084 bp. The AjBcl-2 protein shared a conserved Bcl domain and three Bcl-2 homology domains by SMART program. In healthy sea cucumbers, AjBcl-2 mRNA was expressed in all examined tissues with the peak expression in coelomocytes. The mRNA and protein levels of AjBcl-2 in coelomocytes were depressed at 12 h and 24 h, and induced at 48 h post V. splendidus challenge. In the same conditions, coelomocytes apoptosis rates were significantly increased at 24 h and decreased at 48 h. Moreover, siRNA-mediated AjBcl-2 knockdown significantly increased the coelomocytes apoptosis rates, which could be partially recovered by recombinant AjBcl-2 administration. Furthermore, there was an increase in the AjCyt c protein expression coupled with the downregulation expression of AjBcl-2 post AjBcl-2 silencing. Our results suggested that AjBcl-2 suppressed apoptosis by preventing the AjCyt c release in coelomocytes, and thus mediating V. splendidus infection in sea cucumbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Kaiyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Zhimeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Yina Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Xuelin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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183
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Zhang P, Yao J, Wang B, Qin L. Microfluidics-Based Single-Cell Protrusion Analysis for Screening Drugs Targeting Subcellular Mitochondrial Trafficking in Cancer Progression. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3095-3102. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Zhang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | | | | | - Lidong Qin
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
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184
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Patil S, Ghosh D, Radhakrishna M, Basu S. Mitochondrial Impairment by Cyanine-Based Small Molecules Induces Apoptosis in Cancer Cells. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:23-28. [PMID: 31938458 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrion, the powerhouse of the cells, has emerged as one of the unorthodox targets in anticancer therapy due to its involvement in several cellular functions. However, the development of small molecules for selective mitochondrial damage in cancer cells remained limited and less explored. To address this, in our work, we have synthesized a natural product inspired cyanine-based 3-methoxy pyrrole small molecule library by a concise strategy. This strategy involves Vilsmeier and Pd(0) catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reactions as key steps. The screening of the library members in HeLa cervical cancer cells revealed two new molecules that localized into subcellular mitochondria and damaged them. These small molecules perturbed antiapoptotic (Bcl-2/Bcl-xl) and pro-apoptotic (Bax) proteins to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Molecular docking studies showed that both molecules bind more tightly with the BH3 domain of Bcl-2 proteins compared to obatoclax (a pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor). These novel small molecules arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, cleaved caspase-3/9, and finally prompted late apoptosis. This small molecule-mediated mitochondrial damage induced remarkably high cervical cancer cell death. These unique small molecules can be further explored as chemical biology tools and next-generation organelle-targeted anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohan Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
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185
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Zhang X, Luo S, Wang M, Shi GP. Cysteinyl cathepsins in cardiovascular diseases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140360. [PMID: 31926332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cysteinyl cathepsins are lysosomal/endosomal proteases that mediate bulk protein degradation in these intracellular acidic compartments. Yet, studies indicate that these proteases also appear in the nucleus, nuclear membrane, cytosol, plasma membrane, and extracellular space. Patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) show increased levels of cathepsins in the heart, aorta, and plasma. Plasma cathepsins often serve as biomarkers or risk factors of CVD. In aortic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and abdominal aneurysms, cathepsins play pathogenic roles, but many of the same cathepsins are cardioprotective in hypertensive, hypertrophic, and infarcted hearts. During the development of CVD, cathepsins are regulated by inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, hypertensive stimuli, oxidative stress, and many others. Cathepsin activities in inflammatory molecule activation, immunity, cell migration, cholesterol metabolism, neovascularization, cell death, cell signaling, and tissue fibrosis all contribute to CVD and are reviewed in this article in memory of Dr. Nobuhiko Katunuma for his contribution to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Songyuan Luo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Minjie Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
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186
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Margalit A, Kavanagh K, Carolan JC. Characterization of the Proteomic Response of A549 Cells Following Sequential Exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:279-291. [PMID: 31693381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most prevalent fungal and bacterial pathogens associated with cystic-fibrosis-related infections, respectively. P. aeruginosa eventually predominates as the primary pathogen, though it is unknown why this is the case. Label-free quantitative proteomics was employed to investigate the cellular response of the alveolar epithelial cell line, A549, to coexposure of A. fumigatus and P. aeruginosa. These studies revealed a significant increase in the rate of P. aeruginosa proliferation where A. fumigatus was present. Shotgun proteomics performed on A549 cells exposed to either A. fumigatus or P. aeruginosa or to A. fumigatus and P. aeruginosa sequentially revealed distinct changes to the host cell proteome in response to either or both pathogens. While key signatures of infection were retained among all pathogen-exposed groups, including changes in mitochondrial activity and energy output, the relative abundance of proteins associated with endocytosis, phagosomes, and lysosomes was decreased in sequentially exposed cells compared to cells exposed to either pathogen. Our findings indicate that A. fumigatus renders A549 cells unable to internalize bacteria, thus providing an environment in which P. aeruginosa can proliferate. This research provides novel insights into the whole-cell proteomic response of A549 cells to A. fumigatus and P. aeruginosa and highlights distinct differences in the proteome following sequential exposure to both pathogens, which may explain why P. aeruginosa can predominate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatte Margalit
- Department of Biology , Maynooth University , Maynooth, Co. Kildare W23F2H6 , Ireland
| | - Kevin Kavanagh
- Department of Biology , Maynooth University , Maynooth, Co. Kildare W23F2H6 , Ireland
| | - James C Carolan
- Department of Biology , Maynooth University , Maynooth, Co. Kildare W23F2H6 , Ireland
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187
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Yamazaki T, Vanpouille-Box C, Demaria S, Galluzzi L. Immunogenic Cell Death Driven by Radiation-Impact on the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Treat Res 2020; 180:281-296. [PMID: 32215874 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38862-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a particular form of cell death that can initiate adaptive immunity against antigens expressed by dying cells in the absence of exogenous adjuvants. This implies that cells undergoing ICD not only express antigens that are not covered by thymic tolerance, but also deliver adjuvant-like signals that enable the recruitment and maturation of antigen-presenting cells toward an immunostimulatory phenotype, culminating with robust cross-priming of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Such damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which encompass cellular proteins, small metabolites and cytokines, are emitted in a spatiotemporally defined manner in the context of failing adaptation to stress. Radiation therapy (RT) is a bona fide inducer of ICD, at least when employed according to specific doses and fractionation schedules. Here, we discuss the mechanisms whereby DAMPs emitted by cancer cells undergoing RT-driven ICD alter the functional configuration of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claire Vanpouille-Box
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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188
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Farah BL, Yen PM, Koeberl DD. Links between autophagy and disorders of glycogen metabolism - Perspectives on pathogenesis and possible treatments. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 129:3-12. [PMID: 31787497 PMCID: PMC7836271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The glycogen storage diseases are a group of inherited metabolic disorders that are characterized by specific enzymatic defects involving the synthesis or degradation of glycogen. Each disorder presents with a set of symptoms that are due to the underlying enzyme deficiency and the particular tissues that are affected. Autophagy is a process by which cells degrade and recycle unneeded or damaged intracellular components such as lipids, glycogen, and damaged mitochondria. Recent studies showed that several of the glycogen storage disorders have abnormal autophagy which can disturb normal cellular metabolism and/or mitochondrial function. Here, we provide a clinical overview of the glycogen storage disorders, a brief description of autophagy, and the known links between specific glycogen storage disorders and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Farah
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Paul M Yen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dwight D Koeberl
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA..
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189
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He Z, Ning N, Zhou Q, Khoshnam SE, Farzaneh M. Mitochondria as a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:45-58. [PMID: 31704373 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of death and physical disability worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been considered as one of the hallmarks of ischemic stroke and contributes to the pathology of ischemia and reperfusion. Mitochondria is essential in promoting neural survival and neurological improvement following ischemic stroke. Therefore, mitochondria represent an important drug target for stroke treatment. This review discusses the mitochondrial molecular mechanisms underlying cerebral ischemia and involved in reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial electron transport dysfunction, mitochondria-mediated regulation of inflammasome activation, mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, and apoptotic cell death. We highlight the potential of mitochondrial transfer by stem cells as a therapeutic target for stroke treatment and provide valuable insights for clinical strategies. A better understanding of the roles of mitochondria in ischemia-induced cell death and protection may provide a rationale design of novel therapeutic interventions in the ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi He
- Department of Pharmacy, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, 462000, China
| | - Niya Ning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaoling District People's Hospital of Luohe City, Luohe, 462300, China
| | - Qiongxiu Zhou
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610052, China.
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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190
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Meduri GU, Chrousos GP. General Adaptation in Critical Illness: Glucocorticoid Receptor-alpha Master Regulator of Homeostatic Corrections. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:161. [PMID: 32390938 PMCID: PMC7189617 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In critical illness, homeostatic corrections representing the culmination of hundreds of millions of years of evolution, are modulated by the activated glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GRα) and are associated with an enormous bioenergetic and metabolic cost. Appreciation of how homeostatic corrections work and how they evolved provides a conceptual framework to understand the complex pathobiology of critical illness. Emerging literature place the activated GRα at the center of all phases of disease development and resolution, including activation and re-enforcement of innate immunity, downregulation of pro-inflammatory transcription factors, and restoration of anatomy and function. By the time critically ill patients necessitate vital organ support for survival, they have reached near exhaustion or exhaustion of neuroendocrine homeostatic compensation, cell bio-energetic and adaptation functions, and reserves of vital micronutrients. We review how critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency, mitochondrial dysfunction/damage, and hypovitaminosis collectively interact to accelerate an anti-homeostatic active process of natural selection. Importantly, the allostatic overload imposed by these homeostatic corrections impacts negatively on both acute and long-term morbidity and mortality. Since the bioenergetic and metabolic reserves to support homeostatic corrections are time-limited, early interventions should be directed at increasing GRα and mitochondria number and function. Present understanding of the activated GC-GRα's role in immunomodulation and disease resolution should be taken into account when re-evaluating how to administer glucocorticoid treatment and co-interventions to improve cellular responsiveness. The activated GRα interdependence with functional mitochondria and three vitamin reserves (B1, C, and D) provides a rationale for co-interventions that include prolonged glucocorticoid treatment in association with rapid correction of hypovitaminosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Umberto Meduri
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Gianfranco Umberto Meduri
| | - George P. Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
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191
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Geng N, Jin Y, Li Y, Zhu S, Bai H. AKR1B10 Inhibitor Epalrestat Facilitates Sorafenib-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy Via Targeting the mTOR Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1246-1256. [PMID: 32547320 PMCID: PMC7294918 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.42956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is the standard systemic treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and improving its therapeutic effects is crucial for addressing cancer aggression. We previously reported that epalrestat, an aldo-keto reductase 1B10 inhibitor, enhanced sorafenib's inhibitory effects on HCC xenograft in nude mice. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of epalrestat's anti-tumour enhancing effects on sorafenib. HepG2 cells were treated with sorafenib, epalrestat, and their combination. Cell proliferation was assessed with Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays. AKR1B10 supernate concentration and enzyme activity were detected by ELISA assay and the decrease of optical density of NADPH at 340 nm. Cell cycle and apoptosis analyses were performed with flow cytometry. Western blots clarified the molecular mechanism underlying effects on cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy. The anti-tumour mechanism was then validated in vivo through TUNEL and immunohistochemistry staining of HCC xenograft sections. Epalrestat combined with sorafenib inhibited HepG2 cellular proliferation in vitro, arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1, and promoted apoptosis and autophagy. Treatment with a specific mTOR activator MHY-1485 increased mTOR phosphorylation, while suppressing apoptosis and autophagy. Consistent with in vitro results, data from the HCC-xenograft nude mouse model also indicated that combined treatment inhibited the mTOR pathway and promoted apoptosis and autophagy. In conclusion, epalrestat heightens sorafenib's anti-cancer effects via blocking the mTOR pathway, thus inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Geng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jin
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yurong Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Shixuan Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Han Bai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
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192
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Tang L, Li J, Fu W, Wu W, Xu J. Suppression of FADS1 induces ROS generation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in melanocytes: implications for vitiligo. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:11829-11843. [PMID: 31866583 PMCID: PMC6949104 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a potentially serious condition characterized by loss of melanin and death of melanocytes. To identify potential therapeutic targets for vitiligo, we conducted a microarray analysis of three human vitiligo specimens and paired adjacent normal tissues. Because we found that the fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) gene was downregulated in vitiligo specimens, we carried out experiments to assess its role in melanocyte replication and survival. RT-qPCR was used to verify that FADS1 expression was lower in vitiligo-affected tissues and vitiligo melanocyte PIG3V cells than in matched controls or normal human epidermal PIG1 melanocytes. In addition, CCK-8, immunofluorescence, western blot and flow cytometry assay were used to detect the proliferation and apoptosis in PIG1 cells respectively. Overexpression of FADS1 promoted proliferation of PIG3V melanocytes, while FADS1 silencing inhibited proliferation and induced cell death in PIG1 melanocytes. Increased ROS generation; induction of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis via upregulation of Bax and active caspases 3 and 9 and downregulation of Bcl-2; and cell cycle arrest via downregulation of c-Myc and Cyclin D1 and upregulation of p21 were all enhanced after FADS1 silencing in PIG1 melanocytes. These findings implicate FADS1 downregulation in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and may open new avenues for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyan Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wenwen Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jinhua Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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193
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Liao LH, Wu WY, Dad A, Berenbaum MR. Fungicide suppression of flight performance in the honeybee ( Apis mellifera) and its amelioration by quercetin. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20192041. [PMID: 31847772 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As a managed agricultural pollinator, the western honeybee Apis mellifera frequently encounters agrochemicals as contaminants of nectar and pollen. One such contaminant, the fungicide boscalid, is applied at bloom in orchards for fungal floral pathogen control. As an inhibitor of complex II in the mitochondrial electron transport chain of fungi, boscalid can potentially interfere with high energy-demanding activities of bees, including flight. We designed an indoor flight treadmill to evaluate impacts of ingesting boscalid and/or quercetin, a ubiquitous phytochemical in bee food that also affects mitochondrial respiration. Boscalid reduced the wingbeat frequencies of foragers during flight but did not alter the duration of flight. At the colony level, boscalid ingestion may thereby affect overall health by reducing forager efficiency. The consumption of quercetin, by contrast, led to higher adenosine triphosphate levels in flight muscles and a higher wingbeat frequency. Consuming the two compounds together increased wingbeat frequency, demonstrating a hitherto unrecognized mechanism by which dietary phytochemicals may act to ameliorate toxic effects of pesticides to promote honeybee health. In carrying out this work, we also introduce two methodological improvements for use in testing for pesticide effects on flight capacity-a 'force-feeding' to standardize flight fuel supply and a novel indoor flight treadmill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hsiu Liao
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Wen-Yen Wu
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Azra Dad
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - May R Berenbaum
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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194
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Metabolic Control of Astrocyte Pathogenic Activity via cPLA2-MAVS. Cell 2019; 179:1483-1498.e22. [PMID: 31813625 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism has been shown to control peripheral immunity, but little is known about its role in central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. Through a combination of proteomic, metabolomic, transcriptomic, and perturbation studies, we found that sphingolipid metabolism in astrocytes triggers the interaction of the C2 domain in cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) with the CARD domain in mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), boosting NF-κB-driven transcriptional programs that promote CNS inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and, potentially, multiple sclerosis. cPLA2 recruitment to MAVS also disrupts MAVS-hexokinase 2 (HK2) interactions, decreasing HK enzymatic activity and the production of lactate involved in the metabolic support of neurons. Miglustat, a drug used to treat Gaucher and Niemann-Pick disease, suppresses astrocyte pathogenic activities and ameliorates EAE. Collectively, these findings define a novel immunometabolic mechanism that drives pro-inflammatory astrocyte activities, outlines a new role for MAVS in CNS inflammation, and identifies candidate targets for therapeutic intervention.
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195
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Jung S, Shin J, Oh J, Enkhtaivan G, Lee SW, Gopal J, Sydara K, Saini RK, Keum YS, Oh JW. Cytotoxic and apoptotic potential of Phyllodium elegans extracts on human cancer cell lines. Bioengineered 2019; 10:501-512. [PMID: 31633448 PMCID: PMC6844383 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2019.1682110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The extract of Phyllodium (P.) elegans was investigated for its anti-cancer properties on brain astroglioma cells (U251-MG), colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116), and malignant melanoma cells (A375). P. elegans methanolic extract (PeME) showed cytotoxicity on all three cancer cell lines tested. The cell viability assay revealed that PeME significantly reduced the viability of these cells. Clear apoptotic features such as cellular morphology, cell shrinkage, and augmentation of dead cells were observed. Flow cytometry and fluorescence staining techniques confirmed the apoptotic property of PeME. In vitro scratch invasion assay showed that cell migration rate was significantly reduced. Fluorescence microscopic studies using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining showed early and late signs of apoptosis after PeME treatment. Upon PeME stimulation, activation of caspase-3/-9 and Mu-2-related death-inducing gene (MUDENG, MuD) was observed by western blot analysis. JC-1 staining analysis by flow cytometry showed that PeME depolarized the mitochondria membrane potential (MMP). Collectively, these findings, for the first time, point to the fact that PeME has anti-cancer properties against brain, colon, and skin cancer cell lines by depolarizing the MMP and activating apoptotic signaling through the activation of caspase-3/-9 as well as MuD. This is the first report reporting the anticancer activity of this specific plant extract.[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghwa Jung
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KIT, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KIT, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongheon Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KIT, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gansukh Enkhtaivan
- Department of Bioresource and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Bioresource and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kongmany Sydara
- Ministry of Health, Institute of Traditional Medicine, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | | | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KIT, Seoul, Korea
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196
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Exercise and Neuroinflammation in Health and Disease. Int Neurourol J 2019; 23:S82-92. [PMID: 31795607 PMCID: PMC6905205 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1938214.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a central pathological feature of several acute and chronic brain diseases, including Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). It induces microglia activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, the production of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species. Exercise, which plays an important role in maintaining and improving brain health, might be a highly effective intervention for preventing neuroinflammation-related diseases. Thus, since exercise can improve the neuroimmune response, we hypothesized that exercise would attenuate neuroinflammation-related diseases. In this review, we will highlight (1) the biological mechanisms that underlie AD, PD, ALS, and MS, including the neuroinflammation pathways associated with microglia activation, NF-κB, pro-inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reactive oxygen species, and (2) the role of exercise in neuroinflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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197
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Ongnok B, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Doxorubicin and cisplatin induced cognitive impairment: The possible mechanisms and interventions. Exp Neurol 2019; 324:113118. [PMID: 31756316 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy has significantly increased the number of cancer survivors. However, chemotherapy itself carries various adverse effects that limit the efficacy of treatment and quality of life of the cancer patients. Most patients who have received chemotherapy report some cognitive deficit characterized by dysfunction in memory, learning, concentration, and reasoning. The phenomenon of cognitive decline developed from chemotherapy treatment is referred to as chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) or chemobrain. The two most common cancers occurring worldwide are lung and breast cancer. The predominant chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat lung and breast cancer are doxorubicin and cisplatin. There is evidence to suggest that both drugs potentially induce chemobrain. The evidence around the proposed pathogenesis of chemobrain caused by these two drugs is inconsistent. Understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in the development of chemobrain would aid in the prevention or treatment of the adverse effects of chemotherapy on brain. This review will summarize and discuss controversial findings and possible mechanisms involved in the development of chemobrain and the interventions which could limit it from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ongnok
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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198
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Nakamura Y, Park JH, Hayakawa K. Therapeutic use of extracellular mitochondria in CNS injury and disease. Exp Neurol 2019; 324:113114. [PMID: 31734316 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), neuronal functionality is highly dependent on mitochondrial integrity and activity. In the context of a damaged or diseased brain, mitochondrial dysfunction leads to reductions in ATP levels, thus impairing ATP-dependent neural firing and neurotransmitter dynamics. Restoring mitochondrial ability to generate ATP may be a basic premise to restore neuronal functionality. Recently, emerging data in rodent and human studies suggest that mitochondria and its components are surprisingly released into extracellular space and potentially transferred between cells. Transferred mitochondria may support oxidative phosphorylation in recipient cells. In this mini-review, we (a) survey recent findings in cell to cell mitochondrial transfer and the presence of cell-free extracellular mitochondria and its components, (b) review experimental details of how to detect extracellular mitochondria and mitochondrial transfer in the CNS, (c) discuss strategies and tissue sources for mitochondria isolation, and (d) explore exogenous mitochondrial transplantation as a novel approach for CNS therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Nakamura
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kazuhide Hayakawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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199
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Bonora M, Wieckowski MR, Sinclair DA, Kroemer G, Pinton P, Galluzzi L. Targeting mitochondria for cardiovascular disorders: therapeutic potential and obstacles. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 16:33-55. [PMID: 30177752 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-018-0074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction has a major role in the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular disorders. Over the past 2 decades, extraordinary efforts have been focused on the development of agents that specifically target mitochondria for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Despite such an intensive wave of investigation, no drugs specifically conceived to modulate mitochondrial functions are currently available for the clinical management of cardiovascular disease. In this Review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondria in patients with cardiovascular disease, examine the obstacles that have restrained the development of mitochondria-targeting agents thus far, and identify strategies that might empower the full clinical potential of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bonora
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine Research, Department of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. .,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, E.S. Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA. .,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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200
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Elzagallaai AA, Sultan EA, Bend JR, Abuzgaia AM, Loubani E, Rieder MJ. Role of Oxidative Stress in Hypersensitivity Reactions to Sulfonamides. J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 60:409-421. [PMID: 31709574 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial sulfonamides are important medications. However, their use is associated with major immune-mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions with a rate that ranges from 3% to 4% in the general population. The pathophysiology of sulfa-induced drug hypersensitivity reactions is not well understood, but accumulation of reactive metabolites (sulfamethoxazole [SMX] hydroxylamine [SMX-HA] and SMX N-nitrosamine [SMX-NO]) is thought to be a major factor. These reactive metabolites contribute to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) known to cause cellular damage and induce cell death through apoptosis and necroptosis. ROS can also serve as "danger signals," priming immune cells to mount an immunological reaction. We recruited 26 sulfa-hypersensitive (HS) patients, 19 healthy control subjects, and 6 sulfa-tolerant patients to this study. Peripheral blood monocytes and platelets were isolated from blood samples and analyzed for in vitro cytotoxicity, ROS and carbonyl protein formation, lipid peroxidation, and GSH (glutathione) content after challenge with SMX-HA. When challenged with SMX-HA, cells isolated from sulfa-HS patients exhibited significantly (P ≤ .05) higher cell death, ROS and carbonyl protein formation, and lipid peroxidation. In addition, there was a high correlation between cell death in PBMCs and ROS levels. There was also depletion of GSH and lower GSH/GSSG ratios in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from sulfa-HS patients. The amount of ROS formed was negatively correlated with intracellular GSH content. The data demonstrate a major role for oxidative stress in in vitro cytotoxicity of SMX reactive metabolites and indicate increased vulnerability of cells from sulfa-HS patients to the in vitro challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelbaset A Elzagallaai
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elham A Sultan
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John R Bend
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Awatif M Abuzgaia
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eman Loubani
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J Rieder
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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