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Chu F, Tan R, Wang X, Zhou X, Ma R, Ma X, Li Y, Liu R, Zhang C, Liu X, Yin T, Liu Z. Transcranial Magneto-Acoustic Stimulation Attenuates Synaptic Plasticity Impairment through the Activation of Piezo1 in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0130. [PMID: 37223482 PMCID: PMC10202414 DOI: 10.34133/research.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease include amyloid plaques. Rapidly emerging evidence suggests that Piezo1, a mechanosensitive cation channel, plays a critical role in transforming ultrasound-related mechanical stimuli through its trimeric propeller-like structure, but the importance of Piezo1-mediated mechanotransduction in brain functions is less appreciated. However, apart from mechanical stimulation, Piezo1 channels are strongly modulated by voltage. We assume that Piezo1 may play a role in converting mechanical and electrical signals, which could induce the phagocytosis and degradation of Aβ, and the combined effect of mechanical and electrical stimulation is superior to single mechanical stimulation. Hence, we design a transcranial magneto-acoustic stimulation (TMAS) system, based on transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) within a magnetic field that combines a magneto-acoustic coupling effect electric field and the mechanical force of ultrasound, and applied it to test the above hypothesis in 5xFAD mice. Behavioral tests, in vivo electrophysiological recordings, Golgi-Cox staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative PCR, Western blotting, RNA sequencing, and cerebral blood flow monitoring were used to assess whether TMAS can alleviate the symptoms of AD mouse model by activating Piezo1. TMAS treatment enhanced autophagy to promote the phagocytosis and degradation of β-amyloid through the activation of microglial Piezo1 and alleviated neuroinflammation, synaptic plasticity impairment, and neural oscillation abnormalities in 5xFAD mice, showing a stronger effect than ultrasound. However, inhibition of Piezo1 with an antagonist, GsMTx-4, prevented these beneficial effects of TMAS. This research indicates that Piezo1 can transform TMAS-related mechanical and electrical stimuli into biochemical signals and identifies that the favorable effects of TMAS on synaptic plasticity in 5xFAD mice are mediated by Piezo1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxuan Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Ruxin Tan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Ren Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Xiaoxu Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Ruixu Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Chunlan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Tao Yin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
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152
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Abbate C. The Adult Neurogenesis Theory of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD221279. [PMID: 37182879 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease starts in neural stem cells (NSCs) in the niches of adult neurogenesis. All primary factors responsible for pathological tau hyperphosphorylation are inherent to adult neurogenesis and migration. However, when amyloid pathology is present, it strongly amplifies tau pathogenesis. Indeed, the progressive accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β deposits in the brain triggers a state of chronic inflammation by microglia. Microglial activation has a significant pro-neurogenic effect that fosters the process of adult neurogenesis and supports neuronal migration. Unfortunately, this "reactive" pro-neurogenic activity ultimately perturbs homeostatic equilibrium in the niches of adult neurogenesis by amplifying tau pathogenesis in AD. This scenario involves NSCs in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in late-onset AD (LOAD) and NSCs in the ventricular-subventricular zone along the lateral ventricles in early-onset AD (EOAD), including familial AD (FAD). Neuroblasts carrying the initial seed of tau pathology travel throughout the brain via neuronal migration driven by complex signals and convey the disease from the niches of adult neurogenesis to near (LOAD) or distant (EOAD) brain regions. In these locations, or in close proximity, a focus of degeneration begins to develop. Then, tau pathology spreads from the initial foci to large neuronal networks along neural connections through neuron-to-neuron transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Abbate
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
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153
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Heutz R, Claassen J, Feiner S, Davies A, Gurung D, Panerai RB, Heus RD, Beishon LC. Dynamic cerebral autoregulation in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023:271678X231173449. [PMID: 37125762 PMCID: PMC10369144 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231173449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) is a key mechanism that regulates cerebral blood flow (CBF) in response to transient changes in blood pressure (BP). Impairment of dCA could increase vulnerability to hypertensive vascular damage, but also to BP lowering effects of antihypertensive treatment. The literature remains conflicted on whether dCA is altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We summarized available data on dCA in AD and MCI, by searching PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases (inception-January 2022). Eight studies (total n = 443) were included in the qualitative synthesis of which seven were eligible for meta-analysis. All studies used Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography and transfer function analysis or the autoregulatory index to assess dCA during spontaneous or induced BP fluctuations. Meta-analysis indicated no significant difference between AD, MCI and healthy controls in dCA parameters for spontaneous fluctuations. For induced fluctuations, the available data were limited, but indicative of at least preserved and possibly better autoregulatory functioning in AD and MCI compared to controls. In summary, current evidence does not suggest poorer dCA efficiency in AD or MCI. Further work is needed to investigate dCA in dementia with induced fluctuations controlling for changes in end-tidal carbon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Heutz
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Claassen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sanne Feiner
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Aaron Davies
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Dewakar Gurung
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ronney B Panerai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Rianne de Heus
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucy C Beishon
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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154
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Xia M, Jiao L, Wang XH, Tong M, Yao MD, Li XM, Yao J, Li D, Zhao PQ, Yan B. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a unique pericyte type associated with capillary dysfunction. Theranostics 2023; 13:2515-2530. [PMID: 37215579 PMCID: PMC10196835 DOI: 10.7150/thno.83532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Capillary dysfunction has been implicated in a series of life- threatening vascular diseases characterized by pericyte and endothelial cell (EC) degeneration. However, the molecular profiles that govern the heterogeneity of pericytes have not been fully elucidated. Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing was conducted on oxygen-induced proliferative retinopathy (OIR) model. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify specific pericytes involved in capillary dysfunction. qRT-PCRs and western blots were conducted to detect Col1a1 expression pattern during capillary dysfunction. Matrigel co-culture assays, PI staining, and JC-1 staining was conducted to determine the role of Col1a1 in pericyte biology. IB4 and NG2 staining was conducted to determine the role of Col1a1 in capillary dysfunction. Results: We constructed an atlas of > 76,000 single-cell transcriptomes from 4 mouse retinas, which could be annotated to 10 distinct retinal cell types. Using the sub-clustering analysis, we further characterized retinal pericytes into 3 different subpopulations. Notably, GO and KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that pericyte sub-population 2 was identified to be vulnerable to retinal capillary dysfunction. Based on the single-cell sequencing results, Col1a1 was identified as a marker gene of pericyte sub-population 2 and a promising therapeutic target for capillary dysfunction. Col1a1 was abundantly expressed in pericytes and its expression was obviously upregulated in OIR retinas. Col1a1 silencing could retard the recruitment of pericytes toward endothelial cells and aggravated hypoxia-induced pericyte apoptosis in vitro. Col1a1 silencing could reduce the size of neovascular area and avascular area in OIR retinas and suppressed pericyte-myofibroblast transition and endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, Col1a1 expression was up-regulated in the aqueous humor of the patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) or retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and up-regulated in the proliferative membranes of PDR patients. Conclusions: These findings enhance the understanding of the complexity and heterogeneity of retinal cells and have important implications for future treatment of capillary dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xia
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Lyu Jiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Han Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Min Tong
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Mu-Di Yao
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiu-Miao Li
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jin Yao
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Dan Li
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Pei-Quan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Biao Yan
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai 200030, China
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155
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Tesler F, Linne ML, Destexhe A. Modeling the relationship between neuronal activity and the BOLD signal: contributions from astrocyte calcium dynamics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6451. [PMID: 37081004 PMCID: PMC10119111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32618-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging relies on the coupling between neuronal and vascular activity, but the mechanisms behind this coupling are still under discussion. Recent experimental evidence suggests that calcium signaling may play a significant role in neurovascular coupling. However, it is still controversial where this calcium signal is located (in neurons or elsewhere), how it operates and how relevant is its role. In this paper we introduce a biologically plausible model of the neurovascular coupling and we show that calcium signaling in astrocytes can explain main aspects of the dynamics of the coupling. We find that calcium signaling can explain so-far unrelated features such as the linear and non-linear regimes, the negative vascular response (undershoot) and the emergence of a (calcium-driven) Hemodynamic Response Function. These features are reproduced here for the first time by a single model of the detailed neuronal-astrocyte-vascular pathway. Furthermore, we analyze how information is coded and transmitted from the neuronal to the vascular system and we predict that frequency modulation of astrocytic calcium dynamics plays a key role in this process. Finally, our work provides a framework to link neuronal activity to the BOLD signal, and vice-versa, where neuronal activity can be inferred from the BOLD signal. This opens new ways to link known alterations of astrocytic calcium signaling in neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) with detectable changes in the neurovascular coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Tesler
- CNRS, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Paris-Saclay University, 91400, Saclay, France.
| | - Marja-Leena Linne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alain Destexhe
- CNRS, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Paris-Saclay University, 91400, Saclay, France
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156
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Formolo DA, Yu J, Lin K, Tsang HWH, Ou H, Kranz GS, Yau SY. Leveraging the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems as therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer's disease: an updated overview of nonpharmacological therapies. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:26. [PMID: 37081555 PMCID: PMC10116684 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding and treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been a remarkable challenge for both scientists and physicians. Although the amyloid-beta and tau protein hypothesis have largely explained the key pathological features of the disease, the mechanisms by which such proteins accumulate and lead to disease progression are still unknown. Such lack of understanding disrupts the development of disease-modifying interventions, leaving a therapeutic gap that remains unsolved. Nonetheless, the recent discoveries of the glymphatic pathway and the meningeal lymphatic system as key components driving central solute clearance revealed another mechanism underlying AD pathogenesis. In this regard, this narrative review integrates the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems as essential components involved in AD pathogenesis. Moreover, it discusses the emerging evidence suggesting that nutritional supplementation, non-invasive brain stimulation, and traditional Chinese medicine can improve the pathophysiology of the disease by increasing glymphatic and/or meningeal lymphatic function. Given that physical exercise is a well-regarded preventive and pro-cognitive intervention for dementia, we summarize the evidence suggesting the glymphatic system as a mediating mechanism of the physical exercise therapeutic effects in AD. Targeting these central solute clearance systems holds the promise of more effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Formolo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, S.A.R, China
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing (RISA), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong S.A.R, China
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong S.A.R, China
| | - Jiasui Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, S.A.R, China
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing (RISA), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong S.A.R, China
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong S.A.R, China
| | - Kangguang Lin
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hector W H Tsang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, S.A.R, China
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong S.A.R, China
| | - Haining Ou
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Georg S Kranz
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, S.A.R, China
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong S.A.R, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R, China
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, S.A.R, China.
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing (RISA), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong S.A.R, China.
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong S.A.R, China.
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157
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Li Z, Wang Z, Cheng J, Bai X, Hsu YC, Sun Y, Li S, Shi J, Sui B, Bai R. Vascular-water-exchange MRI (VEXI) enables the detection of subtle AXR alterations in Alzheimer's disease without MRI contrast agent, which may relate to BBB integrity. Neuroimage 2023; 270:119951. [PMID: 36805091 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment is an important pathophysiological process in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of AD. However, most current neuroimaging methods assessing BBB function need the injection of exogenous contrast agents (or tracers), which limits the application of these methods in a large population. In this study, we aim to explore the feasibility of vascular water exchange MRI (VEXI), a diffusion-MRI-based method proposed to assess the BBB permeability to water molecules without using a contrast agent, in the detection of the BBB breakdown in AD. We tested VEXI on a 3T MRI scanner on three groups: AD patients (AD group), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients due to AD (MCI group), and the age-matched normal cognition subjects (NC group). Interestingly, we find that the apparent water exchange across the BBB (AXRBBB) measured by VEXI shows higher values in MCI compared with NC, and this higher AXRBBB happens specifically in the hippocampus. This increase in AXRBBB value gets larger and extends to more brain regions (medial orbital frontal cortex and thalamus) from MCI group to the AD group. Furthermore, we find that the AXRBBB values of these three regions is correlated significantly with the impairment of respective cognitive domains independent of age, sex and education. These results suggest VEXI is a promising method to assess the BBB breakdown in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Affiliated Sir Run Shaw Hospital AND Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoqing Li
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Affiliated Sir Run Shaw Hospital AND Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zejun Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Affiliated Sir Run Shaw Hospital AND Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juange Cheng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Affiliated Sir Run Shaw Hospital AND Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Bai
- Tiantan Neuroimaging Center of Excellence, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Hsu
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Sun
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiping Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiong Shi
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Binbin Sui
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ruiliang Bai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Affiliated Sir Run Shaw Hospital AND Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University.
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158
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Wei Z, Li Y, Bibic A, Duan W, Xu J, Lu H. Toward accurate cerebral blood flow estimation in mice after accounting for anesthesia. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1169622. [PMID: 37123257 PMCID: PMC10130671 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1169622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To improve the accuracy of cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement in mice by accounting for the anesthesia effects. Methods: The dependence of CBF on anesthesia dose and time was investigated by simultaneously measuring respiration rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) under four different anesthetic regimens. Quantitative CBF was measured by a phase-contrast (PC) MRI technique. RR was evaluated with a mouse monitoring system (MouseOX) while HR was determined using an ultrashort-TE MRI sequence. CBF, RR, and HR were recorded dynamically with a temporal resolution of 1 min in a total of 19 mice. Linear regression models were used to investigate the relationships among CBF, anesthesia dose, RR, and HR. Results: CBF, RR, and HR all showed a significant dependence on anesthesia dose (p < 0.0001). However, the dose in itself was insufficient to account for the variations in physiological parameters, in that they showed a time-dependent change even for a constant dose. RR and HR together can explain 52.6% of the variations in CBF measurements, which is greater than the amount of variance explained by anesthesia dose (32.4%). Based on the multi-parametric regression results, a model was proposed to correct the anesthesia effects in mouse CBF measurements, specificallyC B F c o r r e c t e d = C B F + 0.58 R R - 0.41 H R - 32.66 D o s e . We also reported awake-state CBF in mice to be 142.0 ± 8.8 mL/100 g/min, which is consistent with the model-predicted value. Conclusion: The accuracy of CBF measurement in mice can be improved by using a correction model that accounts for respiration rate, heart rate, and anesthesia dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Wei
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yuguo Li
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adnan Bibic
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wenzhen Duan
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jiadi Xu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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159
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Oue H, Yamazaki Y, Qiao W, Yuanxin C, Ren Y, Kurti A, Shue F, Parsons TM, Perkerson RB, Kawatani K, Wang N, Starling SC, Roy B, Mosneag IE, Aikawa T, Holm ML, Liu CC, Inoue Y, Sullivan PM, Asmann YW, Kim BY, Bu G, Kanekiyo T. LRP1 in vascular mural cells modulates cerebrovascular integrity and function in the presence of APOE4. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e163822. [PMID: 37036005 PMCID: PMC10132158 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovasculature is critical in maintaining brain homeostasis; its dysregulation often leads to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) during aging. VCID is the second most prevalent cause of dementia in the elderly, after Alzheimer's disease (AD), with frequent cooccurrence of VCID and AD. While multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of AD and VCID, APOE4 increases the risk for both diseases. A major apolipoprotein E (apoE) receptor, the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), is abundantly expressed in vascular mural cells (pericytes and smooth muscle cells). Here, we investigated how deficiency of vascular mural cell LRP1 affects the cerebrovascular system and cognitive performance using vascular mural cell-specific Lrp1-KO mice (smLrp1-/-) in a human APOE3 or APOE4 background. We found that spatial memory was impaired in the 13- to 16-month-old APOE4 smLrp1-/- mice but not in the APOE3 smLrp1-/- mice, compared with their respective littermate control mice. These disruptions in the APOE4 smLrp1-/- mice were accompanied with excess paravascular glial activation and reduced cerebrovascular collagen IV. In addition, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity was disrupted in the APOE4 smLrp1-/- mice. Together, our results suggest that vascular mural cell LRP1 modulates cerebrovasculature integrity and function in an APOE genotype-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yingxue Ren
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, and
| | | | - Francis Shue
- Department of Neuroscience
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Tammee M. Parsons
- Department of Neuroscience
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ralph B. Perkerson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick M. Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Betty Y.S. Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Neuroscience
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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160
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Jiang X, Lewis CE, Allen NB, Sidney S, Yaffe K. Premature Cardiovascular Disease and Brain Health in Midlife: The CARDIA Study. Neurology 2023; 100:e1454-e1463. [PMID: 36697246 PMCID: PMC10104620 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000206825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To understand the role of premature (defined as ≤ 60 years) cardiovascular disease (CVD) in brain health earlier in life, we examined the associations of premature CVD with midlife cognition and white matter health. METHODS We studied a prospective cohort in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, who were 18-30 years at baseline (1985-1986) and followed up to 30 years when 5 cognitive tests measuring different domains were administered. A subset (656 participants) had brain MRI measures of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and white matter integrity. A premature CVD event was adjudicated based on medical records of coronary heart disease, stroke/TIA, congestive heart failure, carotid artery disease, and peripheral artery disease. We conducted linear regression to determine the associations of nonfatal premature CVD with cognitive performance (z-standardized), cognitive decline, and MRI measures. RESULTS Among 3,146 participants, the mean age (57% women and 48% Black) was 55.1 ± 3.6 years, with 5% (n = 147) having premature CVD. Adjusting for demographics, education, literacy, income, depressive symptoms, physical activity, diet, and APOE, premature CVD was associated with lower cognition in 4 of 5 domains: global cognition (-0.22, 95% CI -0.37 to -0.08), verbal memory (-0.28, 95% CI -0.44 to -0.12), processing speed (-0.46, 95% CI -0.62 to -0.31), and executive function (-0.38, 95% CI -0.55 to -0.22). Premature CVD was associated with greater WMH (total, temporal, and parietal lobes) and higher white matter mean diffusivity (total and temporal lobes) after adjustment for covariates. These associations remained significant after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and excluding those with stroke/TIA. Premature CVD was also associated with accelerated cognitive decline over 5 years (adjusted OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.65-5.71). DISCUSSION Premature CVD is associated with worse midlife cognition and white matter health, which is not entirely driven by stroke/TIA and even independent of CVRFs. Preventing CVD in early adulthood may delay the onset of cognitive decline and promote brain health over the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqing Jiang
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (X.J., K.Y.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Epidemiology (C.E.L.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Preventive Medicine (N.B.A.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (S.S.), Oakland, CA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (K.Y.), University of California; and San Francisco VA Health Care System (K.Y.)
| | - Cora E Lewis
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (X.J., K.Y.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Epidemiology (C.E.L.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Preventive Medicine (N.B.A.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (S.S.), Oakland, CA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (K.Y.), University of California; and San Francisco VA Health Care System (K.Y.)
| | - Norrina B Allen
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (X.J., K.Y.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Epidemiology (C.E.L.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Preventive Medicine (N.B.A.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (S.S.), Oakland, CA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (K.Y.), University of California; and San Francisco VA Health Care System (K.Y.)
| | - Stephen Sidney
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (X.J., K.Y.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Epidemiology (C.E.L.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Preventive Medicine (N.B.A.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (S.S.), Oakland, CA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (K.Y.), University of California; and San Francisco VA Health Care System (K.Y.)
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (X.J., K.Y.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Epidemiology (C.E.L.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Preventive Medicine (N.B.A.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (S.S.), Oakland, CA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (K.Y.), University of California; and San Francisco VA Health Care System (K.Y.).
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161
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Li T, Li D, Wei Q, Shi M, Xiang J, Gao R, Chen C, Xu ZX. Dissecting the neurovascular unit in physiology and Alzheimer's disease: Functions, imaging tools and genetic mouse models. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 181:106114. [PMID: 37023830 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) plays an essential role in regulating neurovascular coupling, which refers to the communication between neurons, glia, and vascular cells to control the supply of oxygen and nutrients in response to neural activity. Cellular elements of the NVU coordinate to establish an anatomical barrier to separate the central nervous system from the milieu of the periphery system, restricting the free movement of substances from the blood to the brain parenchyma and maintaining central nervous system homeostasis. In Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-β deposition impairs the normal functions of NVU cellular elements, thus accelerating the disease progression. Here, we aim to describe the current knowledge of the NVU cellular elements, including endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, and microglia, in regulating the blood-brain barrier integrity and functions in physiology as well as alterations encountered in Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, the NVU functions as a whole, therefore specific labeling and targeting NVU components in vivo enable us to understand the mechanism mediating cellular communication. We review approaches including commonly used fluorescent dyes, genetic mouse models, and adeno-associated virus vectors for imaging and targeting NVU cellular elements in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
| | - Dianyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiakun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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162
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Saura CA, Deprada A, Capilla-López MD, Parra-Damas A. Revealing cell vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease by single-cell transcriptomics. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 139:73-83. [PMID: 35623983 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that by affecting specific brain cell types and regions cause severe pathological and functional changes in memory neural circuits. A comprehensive knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying AD requires a deeper understanding of the cell-specific pathological responses through integrative molecular analyses. Recent application of high-throughput single-cell transcriptomics to postmortem tissue has proved powerful to unravel cell susceptibility and biological networks responding to amyloid and tau pathologies. Here, we review single-cell transcriptomic studies successfully applied to decipher cell-specific gene expression programs and pathways in the brain of AD patients. Transcriptional information reveals both specific and common gene signatures affecting the major cerebral cell types, including astrocytes, endothelial cells, microglia, neurons, and oligodendrocytes. Cell type-specific transcriptomes associated with AD pathology and clinical symptoms are related to common biological networks affecting, among others pathways, synaptic function, inflammation, proteostasis, cell death, oxidative stress, and myelination. The general picture that emerges from systems-level single-cell transcriptomics is a spatiotemporal pattern of cell diversity and biological pathways, and novel cell subpopulations affected in AD brain. We argue that broader implementation of cell transcriptomics in larger AD human cohorts using standardized protocols is fundamental for reliable assessment of temporal and regional cell-type gene profiling. The possibility of applying this methodology for personalized medicine in clinics is still challenging but opens new roads for future diagnosis and treatment in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Saura
- Institut de Neurociències, Department de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain.
| | - Angel Deprada
- Institut de Neurociències, Department de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Capilla-López
- Institut de Neurociències, Department de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Arnaldo Parra-Damas
- Institut de Neurociències, Department de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
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163
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Li J, Yang Z, Yan J, Zhang K, Ning X, Wang T, Ji J, Zhang G, Yin S, Zhao C. Multi-omics analysis revealed the brain dysfunction induced by energy metabolism in Pelteobagrus vachelli under hypoxia stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114749. [PMID: 36907096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia in water environment has become increasingly frequent and serious due to global warming and environmental pollution. Revealing the molecular mechanism of fish hypoxia adaptation will help to develop markers of environmental pollution caused by hypoxia. Here, we used a multi-omics method to identify the hypoxia-associated mRNA, miRNA, protein, and metabolite involved in various biological processes in Pelteobagrus vachelli brain. The results showed that hypoxia stress caused brain dysfunction by inhibiting energy metabolism. Specifically, the biological processes involved in energy synthesis and energy consumption are inhibited in P. vachelli brain under hypoxia, such as oxidative phosphorylation, carbohydrate metabolism and protein metabolism. Brain dysfunction is mainly manifested as blood-brain barrier injury accompanied by neurodegenerative diseases and autoimmune diseases. In addition, compared with previous studies, we found that P. vachelli has tissue specificity in response to hypoxia stress and the muscle suffers more damage than the brain. This is the first report to the integrated analysis of the transcriptome, miRNAome, proteome, and metabolome in fish brain. Our findings could provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia, and the approach could also be applied to other fish species. DATA AVAILABILITY: The raw data of transcriptome has been uploaded to NCBI database (ID: SUB7714154 and SUB7765255). The raw data of proteome has been uploaded to ProteomeXchange database (PXD020425). The raw data of metabolome has been uploaded to Metabolight (ID: MTBLS1888).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - Zhiru Yang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jie Yan
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - Xianhui Ning
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - Jie Ji
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang 222005, China
| | - Guosong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Physiology Biochemistry and Application, Heze University, Heze 274015, China
| | - Shaowu Yin
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang 222005, China.
| | - Cheng Zhao
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang 222005, China.
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164
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Shirbandi K, Rikhtegar R, Khalafi M, Mirza Aghazadeh Attari M, Rahmani F, Javanmardi P, Iraji S, Babaei Aghdam Z, Rezaei Rashnoudi AM. Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Lactate in Alzheimer Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Alzheimer Disease Pathology and the Role of Lactate. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 32:15-26. [PMID: 37093700 PMCID: PMC10121369 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Functional 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) is a derivative of dynamic MRS imaging. This modality links physiologic metabolic responses with available activity and measures absolute or relative concentrations of various metabolites. According to clinical evidence, the mitochondrial glycolysis pathway is disrupted in many nervous system disorders, especially Alzheimer disease, resulting in the activation of anaerobic glycolysis and an increased rate of lactate production. Our study evaluates fMRS with J-editing as a cutting-edge technique to detect lactate in Alzheimer disease. In this modality, functional activation is highlighted by signal subtractions of lipids and macromolecules, which yields a much higher signal-to-noise ratio and enables better detection of trace levels of lactate compared with other modalities. However, until now, clinical evidence is not conclusive regarding the widespread use of this diagnostic method. The complex machinery of cellular and noncellular modulators in lactate metabolism has obscured the potential roles fMRS imaging can have in dementia diagnosis. Recent developments in MRI imaging such as the advent of 7 Tesla machines and new image reconstruction methods, coupled with a renewed interest in the molecular and cellular basis of Alzheimer disease, have reinvigorated the drive to establish new clinical options for the early detection of Alzheimer disease. Based on the latter, lactate has the potential to be investigated as a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker for Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarash Shirbandi
- Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Rikhtegar
- Department of Intracranial Endovascular Therapy, Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Khalafi
- Medical Imaging Sciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Pouya Javanmardi
- Radiologic Technology Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sajjad Iraji
- Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Babaei Aghdam
- Medical Imaging Sciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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165
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Eisenmenger LB, Peret A, Famakin BM, Spahic A, Roberts GS, Bockholt JH, Johnson KM, Paulsen JS. Vascular contributions to Alzheimer's disease. Transl Res 2023; 254:41-53. [PMID: 36529160 PMCID: PMC10481451 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Understanding the pathophysiology underlying AD is paramount for the management of individuals at risk of and suffering from AD. The vascular hypothesis stipulates a relationship between cardiovascular disease and AD-related changes although the nature of this relationship remains unknown. In this review, we discuss several potential pathological pathways of vascular involvement in AD that have been described including dysregulation of neurovascular coupling, disruption of the blood brain barrier, and reduced clearance of metabolite waste such as beta-amyloid, a toxic peptide considered the hallmark of AD. We will also discuss the two-hit hypothesis which proposes a 2-step positive feedback loop in which microvascular insults precede the accumulation of Aß and are thought to be at the origin of the disease development. At neuroimaging, signs of vascular dysfunction such as chronic cerebral hypoperfusion have been demonstrated, appearing early in AD, even before cognitive decline and alteration of traditional biomarkers. Cerebral small vessel disease such as cerebral amyloid angiopathy, characterized by the aggregation of Aß in the vessel wall, is highly prevalent in vascular dementia and AD patients. Current data is unclear whether cardiovascular disease causes, precipitates, amplifies, precedes, or simply coincides with AD. Targeted imaging tools to quantitatively evaluate the intracranial vasculature and longitudinal studies in individuals at risk for or in the early stages of the AD continuum could be critical in disentangling this complex relationship between vascular disease and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Eisenmenger
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Anthony Peret
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Bolanle M Famakin
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Alma Spahic
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Grant S Roberts
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jeremy H Bockholt
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kevin M Johnson
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jane S Paulsen
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
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166
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Dion-Albert L, Dudek KA, Russo SJ, Campbell M, Menard C. Neurovascular adaptations modulating cognition, mood, and stress responses. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:276-292. [PMID: 36805768 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a dynamic center for substance exchange between the blood and the brain, making it an essential gatekeeper for central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. Recent evidence supports a role for the NVU in modulating brain function and cognition. In addition, alterations in NVU processes are observed in response to stress, although the mechanisms via which they can affect mood and cognitive functions remain elusive. Here, we summarize recent studies of neurovascular regulation of emotional processes and cognitive function, including under stressful conditions. We also highlight relevant RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) databases aiming to profile the NVU along with innovative tools to study and manipulate NVU function that can be exploited in the context of cognition and stress research throughout development, aging, or brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Dion-Albert
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Katarzyna A Dudek
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Scott J Russo
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Center for Affective Neuroscience, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place Gate, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Caroline Menard
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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167
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Azargoonjahromi A. Dual role of nitric oxide in Alzheimer's Disease. Nitric Oxide 2023; 134-135:23-37. [PMID: 37019299 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), an enzymatic product of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), has been associated with a variety of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). NO has long been thought to contribute to neurotoxic insults caused by neuroinflammation in AD. This perception shifts as more attention is paid to the early stages before cognitive problems manifest. However, it has revealed a compensatory neuroprotective role for NO that protects synapses by increasing neuronal excitability. NO can positively affect neurons by inducing neuroplasticity, neuroprotection, and myelination, as well as having cytolytic activity to reduce inflammation. NO can also induce long-term potentiation (LTP), a process by which synaptic connections among neurons become more potent. Not to mention that such functions give rise to AD protection. Notably, it is unquestionably necessary to conduct more research to clarify NO pathways in neurodegenerative dementias because doing so could help us better understand their pathophysiology and develop more effective treatment options. All these findings bring us to the prevailing notion that NO can be used either as a therapeutic agent in patients afflicted with AD and other memory impairment disorders or as a contributor to the neurotoxic and aggressive factor in AD. In this review, after presenting a general background on AD and NO, various factors that have a pivotal role in both protecting and exacerbating AD and their correlation with NO will be elucidated. Following this, both the neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of NO on neurons and glial cells among AD cases will be discussed in detail.
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168
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Zhu X, Cai L, Liu J, Zhu W, Cui C, Ouyang D, Ye J. Effect of seabuckthorn seed protein and its arginine-enriched peptides on combating memory impairment in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123409. [PMID: 36706884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The current study characterized the combating memory impairment effect of seabuckthorn seed protein (SSP) and the arginine (Arg)-enriched peptides (SSPP) on d-galactose-induced brain aging in mice. The Arg content in SSP and SSPP were 10.11 and 17.82 g/100 g, respectively. Seven Arg peptides (Ile/Leu-Arg, Arg-Glu, Asp-Arg-Pro, Arg-Try-Ala, Glu-Arg-Ser, Val-Gly-Arg-Pro, and Lys-Thr-Glu-Arg) were identified from SSPP. The animal experiments of the Morris water maze and the step-down test indicated that the oral administration of SSP (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mg/g·d) and SSPP (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mg/g·d) significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the learning and memory impairment symptoms. The activation of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase and neuronal NO synthase were increased, and inducible NO synthase decreased after SSP and SSPP in the hippocampus compared to the model group, with the SSPP being quite effective. Moreover, the treatment significantly exhibited the ability to normalize the serum inflammatory cytokine levels (NF-ĸB, TNF-α, IL-6) and suppress the Arg-inducible nitric oxide (Arg-iNO) pathway. Therefore, SSP and SSPP ingestion reversed the behavioral learning and memory impairment symptoms possibly associated with the anti-inflammation and Arg-iNO pathway. Consumption of SSP and SSPP diets can be beneficial to memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Zhu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Cai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinqi Liu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Chun Cui
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China.
| | - Daofu Ouyang
- Perfect (Guangdong) Daily Necessities Co, Ltd, Zhongshan 528400, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianwen Ye
- Perfect (Guangdong) Daily Necessities Co, Ltd, Zhongshan 528400, Guangdong, China
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Kushwaha R, Li Y, Makarava N, Pandit NP, Molesworth K, Birukov KG, Baskakov IV. Reactive astrocytes associated with prion disease impair the blood brain barrier. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.21.533684. [PMID: 36993690 PMCID: PMC10055297 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.21.533684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is considered to be a common feature among neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and prion diseases. In prion disease, increased BBB permeability was reported 40 years ago, yet the mechanisms behind the loss of BBB integrity have never been explored. Recently, we showed that reactive astrocytes associated with prion diseases are neurotoxic. The current work examines the potential link between astrocyte reactivity and BBB breakdown. Results In prion-infected mice, the loss of BBB integrity and aberrant localization of aquaporin 4 (AQP4), a sign of retraction of astrocytic endfeet from blood vessels, were noticeable prior to disease onset. Gaps in cell-to-cell junctions along blood vessels, together with downregulation of Occludin, Claudin-5 and VE-cadherin, which constitute tight and adherens junctions, suggested that loss of BBB integrity is linked with degeneration of vascular endothelial cells. In contrast to cells isolated from non-infected adult mice, endothelial cells originating from prion-infected mice displayed disease-associated changes, including lower levels of Occludin, Claudin-5 and VE-cadherin expression, impaired tight and adherens junctions, and reduced trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER). Endothelial cells isolated from non-infected mice, when co-cultured with reactive astrocytes isolated from prion-infected animals or treated with media conditioned by the reactive astrocytes, developed the disease-associated phenotype observed in the endothelial cells from prion-infected mice. Reactive astrocytes were found to produce high levels of secreted IL-6, and treatment of endothelial monolayers originating from non-infected animals with recombinant IL-6 alone reduced their TEER. Remarkably, treatment with extracellular vesicles produced by normal astrocytes partially reversed the disease phenotype of endothelial cells isolated from prion-infected animals. Conclusions To our knowledge, the current work is the first to illustrate early BBB breakdown in prion disease and to document that reactive astrocytes associated with prion disease are detrimental to BBB integrity. Moreover, our findings suggest that the harmful effects are linked to proinflammatory factors secreted by reactive astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kushwaha
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States of America
| | - Yue Li
- Lung Biology Research Program and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201
| | - Natallia Makarava
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States of America
| | - Narayan P. Pandit
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States of America
| | - Kara Molesworth
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States of America
| | - Konstantin G. Birukov
- Lung Biology Research Program and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201
| | - Ilia V. Baskakov
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States of America
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170
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Alban SL, Lynch KM, Ringman JM, Toga AW, Chui HC, Sepehrband F, Choupan J. The association between white matter hyperintensities and amyloid and tau deposition. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103383. [PMID: 36965457 PMCID: PMC10060905 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) frequently occur in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and have a contribution from ischemia, though their relationship with β-amyloid and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) is not completely understood. We used AT classification to categorize individuals based on their β-amyloid and tau pathologies, then assessed the effects of β-amyloid and tau on WMH volume and number. We then determined regions in which β-amyloid and WMH accumulation were related. Last, we analyzed the effects of various CVRFs on WMHs. As secondary analyses, we observed effects of age and sex differences, atrophy, cognitive scores, and APOE genotype. PET, MRI, FLAIR, demographic, and cardiovascular health data was collected from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI-3) (N = 287, 48 % male). Participants were categorized as A + and T + if their Florbetapir SUVR and Flortaucipir SUVR were above 0.79 and 1.25, respectively. WMHs were mapped on MRI using a deep convolutional neural network (Sepehrband et al., 2020). CVRF scores were based on history of hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration rate, BMI, and a cumulative score with 6 being the maximum score. Regression models and Pearson correlations were used to test associations and correlations between variables, respectively, with age, sex, years of education, and scanner manufacturer as covariates of no interest. WMH volume percent was significantly associated with global β-amyloid (r = 0.28, p < 0.001), but not tau (r = 0.05, p = 0.25). WMH volume percent was higher in individuals with either A + or T + pathology compared to controls, particularly within in the A+/T + group (p = 0.007, Cohen's d = 0.4, t = -2.5). Individual CVRFs nor cumulative CVRF scores were associated with increased WMH volume. Finally, the regions where β-amyloid and WMH count were most positively associated were the middle temporal region in the right hemisphere (r = 0.18, p = 0.002) and the fusiform region in the left hemisphere (r = 0.017, p = 0.005). β-amyloid and WMH have a clear association, though the mechanism facilitating this association is still not fully understood. The associations found between β-amyloid and WMH burden emphasizes the relationship between β-amyloid and vascular lesion formation while factors like CVRFs, age, and sex affect AD development through various mechanisms. These findings highlight potential causes and mechanisms of AD as targets for future preventions and treatments. Going forward, a larger emphasis may be placed on β-amyloid's vascular effects and the implications of impaired brain clearance in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra L Alban
- Laboratory of NeuroImaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kirsten M Lynch
- Laboratory of NeuroImaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John M Ringman
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Laboratory of NeuroImaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Helena C Chui
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Farshid Sepehrband
- Laboratory of NeuroImaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeiran Choupan
- Laboratory of NeuroImaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; NeuroScope Inc., Scarsdale, NY, USA
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171
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Kecheliev V, Boss L, Maheshwari U, Konietzko U, Keller A, Razansky D, Nitsch RM, Klohs J, Ni R. Aquaporin 4 is differentially increased and dislocated in association with tau and amyloid-beta. Life Sci 2023; 321:121593. [PMID: 36934970 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Neurovascular-glymphatic dysfunction plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease and has been analysed mainly in relation to amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology. Here, we aim to investigate the neurovascular alterations and mapping of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) distribution and dislocation associated with tau and Aβ. MATERIALS AND METHODS Perfusion, susceptibility weighted imaging and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in the pR5 mouse model of 4-repeat tau and the arcAβ mouse model of amyloidosis. Immunofluorescence staining was performed using antibodies against AQP4, vessel, astroglia, microglia, phospho-tau and Aβ in brain tissue slices from pR5, arcAβ and non-transgenic mice. KEY FINDINGS pR5 mice showed regional atrophy, preserved cerebral blood flow, and reduced cerebral vessel density compared to non-transgenic mice, while arcAβ mice showed cerebral microbleeds and reduced cerebral vessel density. AQP4 dislocation and peri-tau enrichment in the hippocampus and increased AQP4 levels in the cortex and hippocampus were detected in pR5 mice compared to non-transgenic mice. In comparison, cortical AQP4 dislocation and cortical/hippocampal peri-plaque increases were observed in arcAβ mice. Increased expression of reactive astrocytes were detected around the tau inclusions in pR5 mice and Aβ plaques in arcAβ mice. SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrated the neurovascular alterations, microgliosis, astrogliosis and increased AQP4 regional expression in pR5 tau and arcAβ mice. We observed a divergent region-specific AQP4 dislocation and association with phospho-tau and Aβ pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasil Kecheliev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leo Boss
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Upasana Maheshwari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, Zürich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Konietzko
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annika Keller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, Zürich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Zentrum für Neurowissenschaften Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Zentrum für Neurowissenschaften Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich & University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zentrum für Neurowissenschaften Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Klohs
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich & University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zentrum für Neurowissenschaften Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich & University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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172
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Xiong M, Wang C, Gratuze M, Saadi F, Bao X, Bosch ME, Lee C, Jiang H, Serrano JR, Gonzales ER, Kipnis M, Holtzman DM. Astrocytic APOE4 removal confers cerebrovascular protection despite increased cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:17. [PMID: 36922879 PMCID: PMC10018855 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer Disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) are both characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the brain, although Aβ deposits mostly in the brain parenchyma in AD and in the cerebrovasculature in CAA. The presence of CAA can exacerbate clinical outcomes of AD patients by promoting spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemia leading to CAA-associated cognitive decline. Genetically, AD and CAA share the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene as the strongest genetic risk factor. Although tremendous efforts have focused on uncovering the role of APOE4 on parenchymal plaque pathogenesis in AD, mechanistic studies investigating the role of APOE4 on CAA are still lacking. Here, we addressed whether abolishing APOE4 generated by astrocytes, the major producers of APOE, is sufficient to ameliorate CAA and CAA-associated vessel damage. METHODS We generated transgenic mice that deposited both CAA and plaques in which APOE4 expression can be selectively suppressed in astrocytes. At 2-months-of-age, a timepoint preceding CAA and plaque formation, APOE4 was removed from astrocytes of 5XFAD APOE4 knock-in mice. Mice were assessed at 10-months-of-age for Aβ plaque and CAA pathology, gliosis, and vascular integrity. RESULTS Reducing the levels of APOE4 in astrocytes shifted the deposition of fibrillar Aβ from the brain parenchyma to the cerebrovasculature. However, despite increased CAA, astrocytic APOE4 removal reduced overall Aβ-mediated gliosis and also led to increased cerebrovascular integrity and function in vessels containing CAA. CONCLUSION In a mouse model of CAA, the reduction of APOE4 derived specifically from astrocytes, despite increased fibrillar Aβ deposition in the vasculature, is sufficient to reduce Aβ-mediated gliosis and cerebrovascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences (DBBS), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Present Address: Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Maud Gratuze
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Present address: Institute of Neurophysiopathology (INP UMR7051), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, 13005 France
| | - Fareeha Saadi
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Xin Bao
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Megan E. Bosch
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Choonghee Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Javier Remolina Serrano
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Ernesto R. Gonzales
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Michal Kipnis
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - David M. Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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173
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Lin CHP, Orukari I, Tracy C, Frisk LK, Verma M, Chetia S, Durduran T, Trobaugh JW, Culver JP. Multi-mode fiber-based speckle contrast optical spectroscopy: analysis of speckle statistics. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:1427-1430. [PMID: 36946944 DOI: 10.1364/ol.478956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Speckle contrast optical spectroscopy/tomography (SCOS/T) provides a real-time, non-invasive, and cost-efficient optical imaging approach to mapping of cerebral blood flow. By measuring many speckles (n>>10), SCOS/T has an increased signal-to-noise ratio relative to diffuse correlation spectroscopy, which measures one or a few speckles. However, the current free-space SCOS/T designs are not ideal for large field-of-view imaging in humans because the curved head contour cannot be readily imaged with a single flat sensor and hair obstructs optical access. Herein, we evaluate the feasibility of using cost-efficient multi-mode fiber (MMF) bundles for use in SCOS/T systems. One challenge with speckle contrast measurements is the potential for confounding noise sources (e.g., shot noise, readout noise) which contribute to the standard deviation measure and corrupt the speckle contrast measure that is central to the SCOS/T systems. However, for true speckle measurements, the histogram of pixel intensities from light interference follows a non-Gaussian distribution, specifically a gamma distribution with non-zero skew, whereas most noise sources have pixel intensity distributions that are Gaussian. By evaluating speckle data from static and dynamic targets imaged through an MMF, we use histograms and statistical analysis of pixel histograms to evaluate whether the statistical properties of the speckles are retained. We show that flow-based speckle can be distinguished from static speckle and from sources of system noise through measures of skew in the pixel intensity histograms. Finally, we illustrate in humans that MMF bundles relay blood flow information.
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174
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Cerasuolo M, Papa M, Colangelo AM, Rizzo MR. Alzheimer’s Disease from the Amyloidogenic Theory to the Puzzling Crossroads between Vascular, Metabolic and Energetic Maladaptive Plasticity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030861. [PMID: 36979840 PMCID: PMC10045635 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and degenerative disease producing the most common type of dementia worldwide. The main pathogenetic hypothesis in recent decades has been the well-known amyloidogenic hypothesis based on the involvement of two proteins in AD pathogenesis: amyloid β (Aβ) and tau. Amyloid deposition reported in all AD patients is nowadays considered an independent risk factor for cognitive decline. Vascular damage and blood–brain barrier (BBB) failure in AD is considered a pivotal mechanism for brain injury, with increased deposition of both immunoglobulins and fibrin. Furthermore, BBB dysfunction could be an early sign of cognitive decline and the early stages of clinical AD. Vascular damage generates hypoperfusion and relative hypoxia in areas with high energy demand. Long-term hypoxia and the accumulation within the brain parenchyma of neurotoxic molecules could be seeds of a self-sustaining pathological progression. Cellular dysfunction comprises all the elements of the neurovascular unit (NVU) and neuronal loss, which could be the result of energy failure and mitochondrial impairment. Brain glucose metabolism is compromised, showing a specific region distribution. This energy deficit worsens throughout aging. Mild cognitive impairment has been reported to be associated with a glucose deficit in the entorhinal cortex and in the parietal lobes. The current aim is to understand the complex interactions between amyloid β (Aβ) and tau and elements of the BBB and NVU in the brain. This new approach aimed at the study of metabolic mechanisms and energy insufficiency due to mitochondrial impairment would allow us to define therapies aimed at predicting and slowing down the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Cerasuolo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Papa
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks Morphology and System Biology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology ISBE-IT, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Maria Colangelo
- SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology ISBE-IT, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuroscience “R. Levi-Montalcini”, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Rizzo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
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175
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Sompol P, Gollihue JL, Weiss BE, Lin RL, Case SL, Kraner SD, Weekman EM, Gant JC, Rogers CB, Niedowicz DM, Sudduth TL, Powell DK, Lin AL, Nelson PT, Thibault O, Wilcock DM, Norris CM. Targeting Astrocyte Signaling Alleviates Cerebrovascular and Synaptic Function Deficits in a Diet-Based Mouse Model of Small Cerebral Vessel Disease. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1797-1813. [PMID: 36746627 PMCID: PMC10010459 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1333-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the indispensable role that astrocytes play in the neurovascular unit, few studies have investigated the functional impact of astrocyte signaling in cognitive decline and dementia related to vascular pathology. Diet-mediated induction of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) recapitulates numerous features of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Here, we used astrocyte targeting approaches to evaluate astrocyte Ca2+ dysregulation and the impact of aberrant astrocyte signaling on cerebrovascular dysfunction and synapse impairment in male and female HHcy diet mice. Two-photon imaging conducted in fully awake mice revealed activity-dependent Ca2+ dysregulation in barrel cortex astrocytes under HHcy. Stimulation of contralateral whiskers elicited larger Ca2+ transients in individual astrocytes of HHcy diet mice compared with control diet mice. However, evoked Ca2+ signaling across astrocyte networks was impaired in HHcy mice. HHcy also was associated with increased activation of the Ca2+/calcineurin-dependent transcription factor NFAT4, which has been linked previously to the reactive astrocyte phenotype and synapse dysfunction in amyloid and brain injury models. Targeting the NFAT inhibitor VIVIT to astrocytes, using adeno-associated virus vectors, led to reduced GFAP promoter activity in HHcy diet mice and improved functional hyperemia in arterioles and capillaries. VIVIT expression in astrocytes also preserved CA1 synaptic function and improved spontaneous alternation performance on the Y maze. Together, the results demonstrate that aberrant astrocyte signaling can impair the major functional properties of the neurovascular unit (i.e., cerebral vessel regulation and synaptic regulation) and may therefore represent a promising drug target for treating VCID and possibly Alzheimer's disease and other related dementias.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The impact of reactive astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias is poorly understood. Here, we evaluated Ca2+ responses and signaling in barrel cortex astrocytes of mice fed with a B-vitamin deficient diet that induces hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), cerebral vessel disease, and cognitive decline. Multiphoton imaging in awake mice with HHcy revealed augmented Ca2+ responses in individual astrocytes, but impaired signaling across astrocyte networks. Stimulation-evoked arteriole dilation and elevated red blood cell velocity in capillaries were also impaired in cortex of awake HHcy mice. Astrocyte-specific inhibition of the Ca2+-dependent transcription factor, NFAT, normalized cerebrovascular function in HHcy mice, improved synaptic properties in brain slices, and stabilized cognition. Results suggest that astrocytes are a mechanism and possible therapeutic target for vascular-related dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradoldej Sompol
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences
| | | | - Blaine E Weiss
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences
| | - Ruei-Lung Lin
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences
| | - Sami L Case
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences
| | | | | | - John C Gant
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | - Ai-Ling Lin
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging
- Pathology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Olivier Thibault
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences
| | | | - Christopher M Norris
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences
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176
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Tian R, Zhang Y, Liu F, Xue X, Zhang Y, Tian Z, Fang T, Fan R, Li Y, Zhang N. A neuropsychological profile and its correlation with neuroimaging markers in patients with subcortical ischaemic vascular dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e5900. [PMID: 36862560 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive and neuroimaging assessments are still the main clinical practice methods for screening and diagnosing vascular dementia (VaD) patients. This study aimed to establish the neuropsychological characteristics of mild-to-moderate subcortical ischaemic vascular dementia (SIVD) patients, find an optimal cognitive marker for differentiating them from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, and explore the correlation between cognitive function and total small vessel disease (SVD) burden. METHODS SIVD (n = 60) and AD (n = 30) patients and cognitively unimpaired healthy controls (HCs; n = 30) were recruited from our longitudinal MRI AD and SIVD study (ChiCTR1900027943) and received a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and a multimodal MRI scan. Cognitive performance and MRI SVD markers were compared between groups. Combined cognitive scores were established for differentiating between SIVD and AD patients. Correlations between cognitive function and total SVD scores were analysed in dementia patients. RESULTS SIVD patients showed poorer performance in information processing speed and better performance in memory, language, and visuospatial function than AD patients, although all cognitive domains were impaired in both groups compared with HCs. Combined cognitive scores showed an area under the curve of 0.727 (95%CI 0.62-0.84, p < 0.001) for differentiating SIVD and AD patients. Auditory Verbal Learning Test recognition scores were negatively correlated with total SVD scores in SIVD patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that neuropsychological assessments, specifically combined tests including episodic memory, information processing speed, language and visuospatial ability, are useful in the clinical differentiation between SIVD and AD patients. Moreover, cognitive dysfunction was partly correlated with MRI SVD burden in SIVD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Site, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinran Xue
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, The Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuo Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingting Fang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruxue Fan
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Site, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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177
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Wang Y, Wu J, Wang J, He L, Lai H, Zhang T, Wang X, Li W. Mitochondrial oxidative stress in brain microvascular endothelial cells: Triggering blood-brain barrier disruption. Mitochondrion 2023; 69:71-82. [PMID: 36709855 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier disruption plays an important role in central nervous system diseases. This review provides information on the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in brain microvascular endothelial cells in cellular dysfunction, the disruption of intercellular junctions, transporter dysfunction, abnormal angiogenesis, neurovascular decoupling, and the involvement and aggravation of vascular inflammation and illustrates related molecular mechanisms. In addition, recent drug and nondrug therapies targeting cerebral vascular endothelial cell mitochondria to repair the blood-brain barrier are discussed. This review shows that mitochondrial oxidative stress disorder in brain microvascular endothelial cells plays a key role in the occurrence and development of blood-brain barrier damage and may be critical in various pathological mechanisms of blood-brain barrier damage. These new findings suggest a potential new strategy for the treatment of central nervous system diseases through mitochondrial modulation of cerebral vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Jiexin Wang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Linxi He
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Han Lai
- School of Foreign Languages, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Tian Zhang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Weihong Li
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
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Stacey BS, Hoiland RL, Caldwell HG, Howe CA, Vermeulen T, Tymko MM, Vizcardo‐Galindo GA, Bermudez D, Figueroa‐Mujíica RJ, Gasho C, Tuaillon E, Hirtz C, Lehmann S, Marchi N, Tsukamoto H, Villafuerte FC, Ainslie PN, Bailey DM. Lifelong exposure to high-altitude hypoxia in humans is associated with improved redox homeostasis and structural-functional adaptations of the neurovascular unit. J Physiol 2023; 601:1095-1120. [PMID: 36633375 PMCID: PMC10952731 DOI: 10.1113/jp283362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
High-altitude (HA) hypoxia may alter the structural-functional integrity of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Herein, we compared male lowlanders (n = 9) at sea level (SL) and after 14 days acclimatization to 4300 m (chronic HA) in Cerro de Pasco (CdP), Péru (HA), against sex-, age- and body mass index-matched healthy highlanders (n = 9) native to CdP (lifelong HA). Venous blood was assayed for serum proteins reflecting NVU integrity, in addition to free radicals and nitric oxide (NO). Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was examined in conjunction with cerebral substrate delivery, dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA), cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide (CVRCO2 ) and neurovascular coupling (NVC). Psychomotor tests were employed to examine cognitive function. Compared to lowlanders at SL, highlanders exhibited elevated basal plasma and red blood cell NO bioavailability, improved anterior and posterior dCA, elevated anterior CVRCO2 and preserved cerebral substrate delivery, NVC and cognition. In highlanders, S100B, neurofilament light-chain (NF-L) and T-tau were consistently lower and cognition comparable to lowlanders following chronic-HA. These findings highlight novel integrated adaptations towards regulation of the NVU in highlanders that may represent a neuroprotective phenotype underpinning successful adaptation to the lifelong stress of HA hypoxia. KEY POINTS: High-altitude (HA) hypoxia has the potential to alter the structural-functional integrity of the neurovascular unit (NVU) in humans. For the first time, we examined to what extent chronic and lifelong hypoxia impacts multimodal biomarkers reflecting NVU structure and function in lowlanders and native Andean highlanders. Despite lowlanders presenting with a reduction in systemic oxidative-nitrosative stress and maintained cerebral bioenergetics and cerebrovascular function during chronic hypoxia, there was evidence for increased axonal injury and cognitive impairment. Compared to lowlanders at sea level, highlanders exhibited elevated vascular NO bioavailability, improved dynamic regulatory capacity and cerebrovascular reactivity, comparable cerebral substrate delivery and neurovascular coupling, and maintained cognition. Unlike lowlanders following chronic HA, highlanders presented with lower concentrations of S100B, neurofilament light chain and total tau. These findings highlight novel integrated adaptations towards the regulation of the NVU in highlanders that may represent a neuroprotective phenotype underpinning successful adaptation to the lifelong stress of HA hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S. Stacey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesPontypriddUK
| | - Ryan L. Hoiland
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vancouver General HospitalUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Hannah G. Caldwell
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular HealthUniversity of British Columbia‐Okanagan CampusKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Connor A. Howe
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular HealthUniversity of British Columbia‐Okanagan CampusKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Tyler Vermeulen
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular HealthUniversity of British Columbia‐Okanagan CampusKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Michael M. Tymko
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular HealthUniversity of British Columbia‐Okanagan CampusKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and RecreationUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Gustavo A. Vizcardo‐Galindo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y FilosofíaUniversidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLima 31Peru
| | - Daniella Bermudez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y FilosofíaUniversidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLima 31Peru
| | - Rómulo J. Figueroa‐Mujíica
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y FilosofíaUniversidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLima 31Peru
| | - Christopher Gasho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical CareLoma Linda University School of MedicineLoma LindaCAUSA
| | - Edouard Tuaillon
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Christophe Hirtz
- LBPC‐PPCUniversité de Montpellier, IRMB CHU de Montpellier, INM INSERMMontpellierFrance
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- LBPC‐PPCUniversité de Montpellier, IRMB CHU de Montpellier, INM INSERMMontpellierFrance
| | - Nicola Marchi
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Glia Research, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Functional GenomicsUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Hayato Tsukamoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health ScienceRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuShigaJapan
| | - Francisco C. Villafuerte
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y FilosofíaUniversidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLima 31Peru
| | - Philip N. Ainslie
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesPontypriddUK
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular HealthUniversity of British Columbia‐Okanagan CampusKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Damian M. Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesPontypriddUK
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Salminen A. Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in Alzheimer's disease: role of tryptophan metabolites generated by gut host-microbiota. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:201-222. [PMID: 36757399 PMCID: PMC10036442 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota in interaction with intestinal host tissues influences many brain functions and microbial dysbiosis has been linked with brain disorders, such as neuropsychiatric conditions and Alzheimer's disease (AD). L-tryptophan metabolites and short-chained fatty acids (SCFA) are major messengers in the microbiota-brain axis. Aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR) are main targets of tryptophan metabolites in brain microvessels which possess an enriched expression of AhR protein. The Ah receptor is an evolutionarily conserved, ligand-activated transcription factor which is not only a sensor of xenobiotic toxins but also a pleiotropic regulator of both developmental processes and age-related tissue degeneration. Major microbiota-produced tryptophan metabolites involve indole derivatives, e.g., indole 3-pyruvic acid, indole 3-acetaldehyde, and indoxyl sulfate, whereas indoleamine and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases (IDO/TDO) of intestine host cells activate the kynurenine (KYN) pathway generating KYN metabolites, many of which are activators of AhR signaling. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the serum level of indoxyl sulfate which promotes AD pathogenesis, e.g., it disrupts integrity of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and impairs cognitive functions. Activation of AhR signaling disturbs vascular homeostasis in brain; (i) it controls blood flow via the renin-angiotensin system, (ii) it inactivates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), thus impairing NO production and vasodilatation, and (iii) it induces oxidative stress, stimulates inflammation, promotes cellular senescence, and enhances calcification of vascular walls. All these alterations are evident in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in AD pathology. Moreover, AhR signaling can disturb circadian regulation and probably affect glymphatic flow. It seems plausible that dysbiosis of gut microbiota impairs the integrity of BBB via the activation of AhR signaling and thus aggravates AD pathology. KEY MESSAGES: Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated with dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Tryptophan metabolites are major messengers from the gut host-microbiota to brain. Tryptophan metabolites activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling in brain. The expression of AhR protein is enriched in brain microvessels and blood-brain barrier. Tryptophan metabolites disturb brain vascular integrity via AhR signaling. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota promotes inflammation and AD pathology via AhR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, 70211, Finland.
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180
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Henao‐Restrepo J, López‐Murillo C, Valderrama‐Carmona P, Orozco‐Santa N, Gomez J, Gutiérrez‐Vargas J, Moraga R, Toledo J, Littau JL, Härtel S, Arboleda‐Velásquez JF, Sepulveda‐Falla D, Lopera F, Cardona‐Gómez GP, Villegas A, Posada‐Duque R. Gliovascular alterations in sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease: APOE3 Christchurch homozygote glioprotection. Brain Pathol 2023; 33:e13119. [PMID: 36130084 PMCID: PMC10041169 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to brain insults, astrocytes become reactive, promoting protection and tissue repair. However, astroglial reactivity is typical of brain pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Considering the heterogeneity of the reactive response, the role of astrocytes in the course of different forms of AD has been underestimated. Colombia has the largest human group known to have familial AD (FAD). This group carries the autosomal dominant and fully penetrant mutation E280A in PSEN1, which causes early-onset AD. Recently, our group identified an E280A carrier who did not develop FAD. The individual was homozygous for the Christchurch mutation R136S in APOE3 (APOEch). Remarkably, APOE is the main genetic risk factor for developing sporadic AD (SAD) and most of cerebral ApoE is produced by astroglia. Here, we characterized astrocyte properties related to reactivity, glutamate homeostasis, and structural integrity of the gliovascular unit (GVU), as factors that could underlie the pathogenesis or protection of AD. Specifically, through histological and 3D microscopy analyses of postmortem samples, we briefly describe the histopathology and cytoarchitecture of the frontal cortex of SAD, FAD, and APOEch, and demonstrate that, while astrodegeneration and vascular deterioration are prominent in SAD, FAD is characterized by hyperreactive-like glia, and APOEch displays the mildest astrocytic and vascular alterations despite having the highest burden of Aβ. Notably, astroglial, gliovascular, and vascular disturbances, as well as brain cell death, correlate with the specific astrocytic phenotypes identified in each condition. This study provides new insights into the potential relevance of the gliovasculature in the development and protection of AD. To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the components of the GVU in human samples of SAD, FAD, and APOEch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Henao‐Restrepo
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
- Área de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Grupo de Neurociencias de AntioquiaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - Carolina López‐Murillo
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
- Área de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Grupo de Neurociencias de AntioquiaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - Pablo Valderrama‐Carmona
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
- Área de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Grupo de Neurociencias de AntioquiaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - Natalia Orozco‐Santa
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
- Área de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Grupo de Neurociencias de AntioquiaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - Johana Gomez
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Facultad de MedicinaSIU, Universidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - Johanna Gutiérrez‐Vargas
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
- Health Sciences FacultyRemington University CorporationMedellínColombia
| | - Renato Moraga
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute BNI, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Jorge Toledo
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute BNI, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Jessica Lisa Littau
- Molecular Neuropathology of Alzheimer's DiseaseInstitute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Steffen Härtel
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute BNI, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Joseph F. Arboleda‐Velásquez
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Department of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Diego Sepulveda‐Falla
- Molecular Neuropathology of Alzheimer's DiseaseInstitute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Facultad de MedicinaSIU, Universidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - Gloria Patricia Cardona‐Gómez
- Área de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Grupo de Neurociencias de AntioquiaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - Andrés Villegas
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Facultad de MedicinaSIU, Universidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - Rafael Posada‐Duque
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
- Área de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Grupo de Neurociencias de AntioquiaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
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181
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Mankoo A, Roy S, Davies A, Panerai RB, Robinson TG, Brassard P, Beishon LC, Minhas JS. The role of the autonomic nervous system in cerebral blood flow regulation in stroke: A review. Auton Neurosci 2023; 246:103082. [PMID: 36870192 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2023.103082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a pathophysiological condition which results in alterations in cerebral blood flow (CBF). The mechanism by which the brain maintains adequate CBF in presence of fluctuating cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is known as cerebral autoregulation (CA). Disturbances in CA may be influenced by a number of physiological pathways including the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The cerebrovascular system is innervated by adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibers. The role of the ANS in regulating CBF is widely disputed owing to several factors including the complexity of the ANS and cerebrovascular interactions, limitations to measurements, variation in methods to assess the ANS in relation to CBF as well as experimental approaches that can or cannot provide insight into the sympathetic control of CBF. CA is known to be impaired in stroke however the number of studies investigating the mechanisms by which this occurs are limited. This literature review will focus on highlighting the assessment of the ANS and CBF via indices derived from the analyses of heart rate variability (HRV), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and providing a summary of both clinical and animal model studies investigating the role of the ANS in influencing CA in stroke. Understanding the mechanisms by which the ANS influences CBF in stroke patients may provide the foundation for novel therapeutic approaches to improve functional outcomes in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Mankoo
- University of Leicester, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sankanika Roy
- University of Leicester, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leicester, United Kingdom.
| | - Aaron Davies
- University of Leicester, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ronney B Panerai
- University of Leicester, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Thompson G Robinson
- University of Leicester, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Patrice Brassard
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Research center of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lucy C Beishon
- University of Leicester, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jatinder S Minhas
- University of Leicester, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
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182
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Yilmaz P, Alferink LJM, Cremers LGM, Murad SD, Niessen WJ, Ikram MA, Vernooij MW. Subclinical liver traits are associated with structural and hemodynamic brain imaging markers. Liver Int 2023; 43:1256-1268. [PMID: 36801835 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Impaired liver function affects brain health and therefore understanding potential mechanisms for subclinical liver disease is essential. We assessed the liver-brain associations using liver measures with brain imaging markers, and cognitive measures in the general population. METHODS Within the population-based Rotterdam Study, liver serum and imaging measures (ultrasound and transient elastography), metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and fibrosis phenotypes, and brain structure were determined in 3493 non-demented and stroke-free participants in 2009-2014. This resulted in subgroups of n = 3493 for MAFLD (mean age 69 ± 9 years, 56% ♀), n = 2938 for NAFLD (mean age 70 ± 9 years, 56% ♀) and n = 2252 for fibrosis (mean age 65 ± 7 years, 54% ♀). Imaging markers of small vessel disease and neurodegeneration, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and brain perfusion (BP) were acquired from brain MRI (1.5-tesla). General cognitive function was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination and the g-factor. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used for liver-brain associations and adjusted for age, sex, intracranial volume, cardiovascular risk factors and alcohol use. RESULTS Higher gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels were significantly associated with smaller total brain volume (TBV, standardized mean difference (SMD), -0.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) (-0.03 to -0.01); p = 8.4·10-4 ), grey matter volumes, and lower CBF and BP. Liver serum measures were not related to small vessel disease markers, nor to white matter microstructural integrity or general cognition. Participants with ultrasound-based liver steatosis had a higher fractional anisotropy (FA, SMD 0.11, 95% CI (0.04 to 0.17), p = 1.5·10-3 ) and lower CBF and BP. MAFLD and NAFLD phenotypes were associated with alterations in white matter microstructural integrity (NAFLD ~ FA, SMD 0.14, 95% CI (0.07 to 0.22), p = 1.6·10-4 ; NAFLD ~ mean diffusivity, SMD -0.12, 95% CI (-0.18 to -0.05), p = 4.7·10-4 ) and also with lower CBF and BP (MAFLD ~ CBF, SMD -0.13, 95% CI (-0.20 to -0.06), p = 3.1·10-4 ; MAFLD ~ BP, SMD -0.12, 95% CI (-0.20 to -0.05), p = 1.6·10-3 ). Furthermore, fibrosis phenotypes were related to TBV, grey and white matter volumes. CONCLUSIONS Presence of liver steatosis, fibrosis and elevated serum GGT are associated with structural and hemodynamic brain markers in a population-based cross-sectional setting. Understanding the hepatic role in brain changes can target modifiable factors and prevent brain dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Yilmaz
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louise J M Alferink
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lotte G M Cremers
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sarwa D Murad
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wiro J Niessen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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183
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Zhou W, Sabel BA. Vascular dysregulation in glaucoma: retinal vasoconstriction and normal neurovascular coupling in altitudinal visual field defects. EPMA J 2023; 14:87-99. [PMID: 36866155 PMCID: PMC9971397 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-023-00316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Vision loss in glaucoma is not only associated with elevated intraocular pressure and neurodegeneration, but vascular dysregulation (VD) is a major factor. To optimize therapy, an improved understanding of concepts of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM) is needed which is based on a more detailed understanding of VD pathology. Specifically, to learn if the root cause of glaucomatous vision loss is of neuronal (degeneration) or vascular origin, we now studied neurovascular coupling (NVC) and vessel morphology and their relationship to vision loss in glaucoma. Methods In patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 22), NVC was studied using dynamic vessel analyzer to quantify retinal vessel diameter before, during, and after flicker light stimulation to evaluate the dilation response following neuronal activation. Vessel features and dilation were then related to branch level and visual field impairment. Results Retinal arterial and venous vessels had significantly smaller diameters in patients with POAG in comparison to controls. However, both arterial and venous dilation reached normal values during neuronal activation despite their smaller diameters. This was largely independent of visual field depth and varied among patients. Conclusions Because dilation/constriction is normal, VD in POAG can be explained by chronic vasoconstriction which limits energy supply to retinal (and brain) neurons with subsequent hypo-metabolism ("silent" neurons) or neuronal cell death. We propose that the root cause of POAG is primarily of vascular and not neuronal origin. This understanding can help to better personalize POAG therapy of not only targeting eye pressure but also vasoconstriction to prevent low vision, slowing its progression and supporting recovery and restoration. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, # NCT04037384 on July 3, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshu Zhou
- grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Institute of Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard A. Sabel
- grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Institute of Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Soda T, Brunetti V, Berra-Romani R, Moccia F. The Emerging Role of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptors in the Cardiovascular System: Physiological Implications, Pathological Consequences, and Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043914. [PMID: 36835323 PMCID: PMC9965111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ligand-gated ion channels that are activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate, mediate the slow component of excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS), and induce long-term changes in synaptic plasticity. NMDARs are non-selective cation channels that allow the influx of extracellular Na+ and Ca2+ and control cellular activity via both membrane depolarization and an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The distribution, structure, and role of neuronal NMDARs have been extensively investigated and it is now known that they also regulate crucial functions in the non-neuronal cellular component of the CNS, i.e., astrocytes and cerebrovascular endothelial cells. In addition, NMDARs are expressed in multiple peripheral organs, including heart and systemic and pulmonary circulations. Herein, we survey the most recent information available regarding the distribution and function of NMDARs within the cardiovascular system. We describe the involvement of NMDARs in the modulation of heart rate and cardiac rhythm, in the regulation of arterial blood pressure, in the regulation of cerebral blood flow, and in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. In parallel, we describe how enhanced NMDAR activity could promote ventricular arrhythmias, heart failure, pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), and BBB dysfunction. Targeting NMDARs could represent an unexpected pharmacological strategy to reduce the growing burden of several life-threatening cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Soda
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Brunetti
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Berra-Romani
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72410, Mexico
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-987613
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185
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Ruiz-Uribe NE, Bracko O, Swallow M, Omurzakov A, Dash S, Uchida H, Xiang D, Haft-Javaherian M, Falkenhain K, Lamont ME, Ali M, Njiru BN, Chang HY, Tan AY, Xiang JZ, Iadecola C, Park L, Sanchez T, Nishimura N, Schaffer CB. Vascular oxidative stress causes neutrophil arrest in brain capillaries, leading to decreased cerebral blood flow and contributing to memory impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.15.528710. [PMID: 36824768 PMCID: PMC9949082 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.528710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we explore the role of oxidative stress produced by NOX2-containing NADPH oxidase as a molecular mechanism causing capillary stalling and cerebral blood flow deficits in the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD. METHODS We inhibited NOX2 in APP/PS1 mice by administering a 10 mg/kg dose of the peptide inhibitor gp91-ds-tat i.p., for two weeks. We used in vivo two-photon imaging to measure capillary stalling, penetrating arteriole flow, and vascular inflammation. We also characterized short-term memory function and gene expression changes in cerebral microvessels. RESULTS We found that after NOX2 inhibition capillary stalling, as well as parenchymal and vascular inflammation, were significantly reduced. In addition, we found a significant increase in penetrating arteriole flow, followed by an improvement in short-term memory, and downregulation of inflammatory gene expression pathways. DISCUSSION Oxidative stress is a major mechanism leading to microvascular dysfunction in AD, and represents an important therapeutic target.
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186
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Palimariciuc M, Balmus IM, Gireadă B, Ciobica A, Chiriță R, Iordache AC, Apostu M, Dobrin RP. The Quest for Neurodegenerative Disease Treatment-Focusing on Alzheimer's Disease Personalised Diets. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1519-1535. [PMID: 36826043 PMCID: PMC9955192 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia represents a clinical syndrome characterised by progressive decline in memory, language, visuospatial and executive function, personality, and behaviour, causing loss of abilities to perform instrumental or essential activities of daily living. The most common cause of dementia is Alzheimer's disease (AD), which accounts for up to 80% of all dementia cases. Despite that extensive studies regarding the etiology and risk factors have been performed in recent decades, and how the current knowledge about AD pathophysiology significantly improved with the recent advances in science and technology, little is still known about its treatment options. In this controverted context, a nutritional approach could be a promising way to formulate improved AD management strategies and to further analyse possible treatment strategy options based on personalised diets, as Nutritional Psychiatry is currently gaining relevance in neuropsychiatric disease treatment. Based on the current knowledge of AD pathophysiology, as well as based on the repeatedly documented anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of different functional foods, we aimed to find, describe, and correlate several dietary compounds that could be useful in formulating a nutritional approach in AD management. We performed a screening for relevant studies on the main scientific databases using keywords such as "Alzheimer's disease", "dementia", "treatment", "medication", "treatment alternatives", "vitamin E", "nutrition", "selenium", "Ginkgo biloba", "antioxidants", "medicinal plants", and "traditional medicine" in combinations. Results: nutrients could be a key component in the physiologic and anatomic development of the brain. Several nutrients have been studied in the pursuit of the mechanism triggered by the pathology of AD: vitamin D, fatty acids, selenium, as well as neuroprotective plant extracts (i.e., Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, Curcuma longa), suggesting that the nutritional patterns could modulate the cognitive status and provide neuroprotection. The multifactorial origin of AD development and progression could suggest that nutrition could greatly contribute to the complex pathological picture. The identification of adequate nutritional interventions and the not yet fully understood nutrient activity in AD could be the next steps in finding several innovative treatment options for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matei Palimariciuc
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Psychiatry “Socola”, 36 Bucium Street, 700282 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana-Miruna Balmus
- Department of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Alexandru Lapusneanu Street, No. 26, 700057 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Gireadă
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Psychiatry “Socola”, 36 Bucium Street, 700282 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (B.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, B dul Carol I, No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei nr. 54, Sector 5, 050094 Bucuresti, Romania
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, B dul Carol I, No. 8, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (B.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Roxana Chiriță
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Psychiatry “Socola”, 36 Bucium Street, 700282 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin-Constantin Iordache
- Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 Universitatii Strada, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Apostu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Romeo Petru Dobrin
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Psychiatry “Socola”, 36 Bucium Street, 700282 Iasi, Romania
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Using CNN Saliency Maps and EEG Modulation Spectra for Improved and More Interpretable Machine Learning-Based Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 2023:3198066. [PMID: 36818579 PMCID: PMC9931465 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3198066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers based on resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) signals have emerged as a promising tool in the study of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, a state-of-the-art biomarker was found based on visual inspection of power modulation spectrograms where three "patches" or regions from the modulation spectrogram were proposed and used for AD diagnostics. Here, we propose the use of deep neural networks, in particular convolutional neural networks (CNNs) combined with saliency maps, trained on power modulation spectrogram inputs to find optimal patches in a data-driven manner. Experiments are conducted on EEG data collected from fifty-four participants, including 20 healthy controls, 19 patients with mild AD, and 15 moderate-to-severe AD patients. Five classification tasks are explored, including the three-class problem, early-stage detection (control vs. mild-AD), and severity level detection (mild vs. moderate-to-severe). Experimental results show the proposed biomarkers outperform the state-of-the-art benchmark across all five tasks, as well as finding complementary modulation spectrogram regions not previously seen via visual inspection. Lastly, experiments are conducted on the proposed biomarkers to test their sensitivity to age, as this is a known confound in AD characterization. Across all five tasks, none of the proposed biomarkers showed a significant relationship with age, thus further highlighting their usefulness for automated AD diagnostics.
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188
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Ebinger JE, Driver MP, Botting P, Wang M, Cheng S, Tan ZS. Association of blood pressure variability during acute care hospitalization and incident dementia. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1085885. [PMID: 36824417 PMCID: PMC9941567 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1085885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Recognized as a potential risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), blood pressure variability (BPV) could be leveraged to facilitate identification of at-risk individuals at a population level. Granular BPV data are available during acute care hospitalization periods for potentially high-risk patients, but the incident ADRD risk association with BPV measured in this setting is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the relation of BPV, measured during acute care hospitalization, and incidence of ADRD. Methods We retrospectively studied adults, without a prior ADRD diagnosis, who were admitted to a large quaternary care medical center in Southern California between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2019. For all patients, determined BPV, calculated as variability independent of the mean (VIM), using blood pressure readings obtained as part of routine clinical care. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to examine the association between BP VIM during hospitalization and the development of incident dementia, determined by new ICD-9/10 coding or the new prescription of dementia medication, occurring at least 2 years after the index hospitalization. Results Of 81,892 adults hospitalized without a prior ADRD diagnosis, 2,442 (2.98%) went on to develop ADRD (2.6 to 5.2 years after hospitalization). In multivariable-adjusted Cox models, both systolic (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00-1.09) and diastolic (1.06, 1.02-1.10) VIM were associated with incident ADRD. In pre-specified stratified analyses, the VIM associations with incident ADRD were most pronounced in individuals over age 60 years and among those with renal disease or hypertension. Results were similar when repeated to include incident ADRD diagnoses made at least 1 or 3 years after index hospitalization. Discussion We found that measurements of BPV from acute care hospitalizations can be used to identify individuals at risk for developing a diagnosis of ADRD within approximately 5 years. Use of the readily accessible BPV measure may allow healthcare systems to risk stratify patients during periods of intense patient-provider interaction and, in turn, facilitate engagement in ADRD screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Ebinger
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Joseph E. Ebinger ✉
| | - Matthew P. Driver
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Patrick Botting
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Minhao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zaldy S. Tan
- Department of Neurology and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States,David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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189
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Furon J, Yetim M, Pouettre E, Martinez de Lizarrondo S, Maubert E, Hommet Y, Lebouvier L, Zheng Z, Ali C, Vivien D. Blood tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) of liver origin contributes to neurovascular coupling involving brain endothelial N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:11. [PMID: 36737775 PMCID: PMC9896721 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) directly influence brain functions and dysfunctions and involves complex mechanisms, including neurovascular coupling (NVC). It was suggested that the serine protease tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) could control CNV induced by whisker stimulation in rodents, through its action on N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptors (NMDARs). However, the origin of tPA and the location and mechanism of its action on NMDARs in relation to CNV remained debated. METHODS Here, we answered these issues using tPANull mice, conditional deletions of either endothelial tPA (VECad-CreΔtPA) or endothelial GluN1 subunit of NMDARs (VECad-CreΔGluN1), parabioses between wild-type and tPANull mice, hydrodynamic transfection-induced deletion of liver tPA, hepatectomy and pharmacological approaches. RESULTS We thus demonstrate that physiological concentrations of vascular tPA, achieved by the bradykinin type 2 receptors-dependent production and release of tPA from liver endothelial cells, promote NVC, through a mechanism dependent on brain endothelial NMDARs. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight a new mechanism of regulation of NVC involving both endothelial tPA and NMDARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathane Furon
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Mervé Yetim
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Elsa Pouettre
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Sara Martinez de Lizarrondo
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Eric Maubert
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Yannick Hommet
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Laurent Lebouvier
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Ze Zheng
- grid.30760.320000 0001 2111 8460Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA ,grid.280427.b0000 0004 0434 015XBlood Research Institute, Versiti Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
| | - Carine Ali
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074, Caen, France. .,Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen, France.
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190
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Chan RNF, Tang Z, Chan VTT, Chan RNC, Cheng ETW, Ng NCY, Cheung CY. The cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship of diabetic retinopathy to cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:220-227. [PMID: 35501601 PMCID: PMC9873601 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish a potential relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and different stages of cognitive impairment METHODS: Literature searches were conducted on PubMed and EMBASE, with keywords "diabetic retinopathy" and "cognitive impairment". Inclusion criteria were original human studies, and English language. Quality of studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment (NOSGEN). The register number of this study on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) is CRD42021236747. The main outcome measures were odds ratios (OR) and risk ratios (RR) for cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, respectively. Meta-regression was performed to evaluate the effects of potential moderator variables, including, age, onset age of diabetes mellitus (DM), duration of DM, and HbA1c. RESULTS Twenty-five studies (17 cross-sectional and 8 longitudinal studies) with a total of 1,963,914 subjects, were included. Among the cross-sectional studies, the pooled ORs of any cognitive impairment, early stage of cognitive impairment and dementia in subjects with DR (95% confidence interval) were 1.48 (1.08-2.02), 1.59 (1.01-2.51), and 1.13 (0.86-1.50), respectively. Among the longitudinal studies, the pooled RRs of any cognitive impairment, early stage of cognitive impairment, and dementia in subjects with DR (95% confidence interval) were 1.35 (1.12-1.65), 1.50 (1.06-2.12), and 1.31 (1.03-1.66), respectively. Meta-regression showed age, onset age of DM, duration of DM, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were not statistically associated with the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The presence of DR in DM patients indicates both higher odds of prevalent cognitive impairment and escalated risks of developing cognitive impairment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N F Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziqi Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Victor T T Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Raymond N C Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Esther T W Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Natalie C Y Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carol Y Cheung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
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Huang D, Guo Y, Guan X, Pan L, Zhu Z, Chen Z, Dijkhuizen RM, Duering M, Yu F, Boltze J, Li P. Recent advances in arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI in patients with vascular cognitive impairment. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:173-184. [PMID: 36284489 PMCID: PMC9903225 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221135353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI) is a major health concern in aging populations. It impairs patients' independent life and may progress to dementia. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) encompasses all cerebrovascular pathologies that contribute to cognitive impairment (CI). Moreover, the majority of CI subtypes involve various aspects of vascular dysfunction. Recent research highlights the critical role of reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the progress of VCI, and the detection of altered CBF may help to detect or even predict the onset of VCI. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a non-invasive, non-ionizing perfusion MRI technique for assessing CBF qualitatively and quantitatively. Recent methodological advances enabling improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and data acquisition have led to an increase in the use of ASL to assess CBF in VCI patients. Combined with other imaging modalities and biomarkers, ASL has great potential for identifying early VCI and guiding prediction and prevention strategies. This review focuses on recent advances in ASL-based perfusion MRI for identifying patients at high risk of VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunlu Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Pan
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng’ai Chen
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rick M Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Duering
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
- Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and qbig, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, NY, USA
| | - Johannes Boltze
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Peiying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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192
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Ion Channels in Gliomas-From Molecular Basis to Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032530. [PMID: 36768856 PMCID: PMC9916861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels provide the basis for the nervous system's intrinsic electrical activity. Neuronal excitability is a characteristic property of neurons and is critical for all functions of the nervous system. Glia cells fulfill essential supportive roles, but unlike neurons, they also retain the ability to divide. This can lead to uncontrolled growth and the formation of gliomas. Ion channels are involved in the unique biology of gliomas pertaining to peritumoral pathology and seizures, diffuse invasion, and treatment resistance. The emerging picture shows ion channels in the brain at the crossroads of neurophysiology and fundamental pathophysiological processes of specific cancer behaviors as reflected by uncontrolled proliferation, infiltration, resistance to apoptosis, metabolism, and angiogenesis. Ion channels are highly druggable, making them an enticing therapeutic target. Targeting ion channels in difficult-to-treat brain tumors such as gliomas requires an understanding of their extremely heterogenous tumor microenvironment and highly diverse molecular profiles, both representing major causes of recurrence and treatment resistance. In this review, we survey the current knowledge on ion channels with oncogenic behavior within the heterogeneous group of gliomas, review ion channel gene expression as genomic biomarkers for glioma prognosis and provide an update on therapeutic perspectives for repurposed and novel ion channel inhibitors and electrotherapy.
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193
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Nakamura T, Hashita T, Chen Y, Gao Y, Sun Y, Islam S, Sato H, Shibuya Y, Zou K, Matsunaga T, Michikawa M. Aβ42 treatment of the brain side reduced the level of flotillin from endothelial cells on the blood side via FGF-2 signaling in a blood-brain barrier model. Mol Brain 2023; 16:15. [PMID: 36698209 PMCID: PMC9878866 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that the flotillin level is decreased in the blood of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) when compared to that of patients with non-AD and vascular dementia; however, the molecular mechanism remains to be determined. In this study, to elucidate whether Aβ accumulation in the brain has an effect on the blood flotillin level, we used our previously established blood-brain barrier (BBB) culture model using microvascular endothelial cells obtained from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iBMECs) and astrocytes prepared from rat cortex. In this BBB model with iBMECs plated on the upper compartment (blood side) and astrocytes plated on the lower compartment (brain side), the trans-endothelial electrical resistance values are high (over 1500 Ωm2) and stable during experiments. We found that the addition of Aβ42 (0.5 and 2 µM) to the brain side significantly reduced the level of flotillin secreted by iBMECs on the blood side. The level of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) in the brain side was significantly reduced by Aβ42 treatment, and was accompanied by a reduction in the level of phosphorylation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor in iBMECs. The brain-side Aβ42 treatment-induced reduction of flotillin secretion into the blood side was restored in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of FGF-2 into the brain side. These results indicated that Aβ accumulation in the brain side reduced FGF-2 release from astrocytes, which attenuated FGF-2-mediated iBMECs signaling via the FGF-2 receptor, and thereby reduced flotillin secretion from iBMECs on the blood side. Our findings revealed a novel signaling pathway crossing the BBB from the brain side to the blood side, which is different from the classical intramural periarterial drainage or lymphatic-system-to-blood pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Nakamura
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan ,grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Tadahiro Hashita
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8603 Japan
| | - Yuxin Chen
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Yuan Gao
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Yang Sun
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Sadequl Islam
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sato
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8603 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Shibuya
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Kun Zou
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8603 Japan
| | - Makoto Michikawa
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
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194
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Cheng ZZ, Gao F, Lv XY, Wang Q, Wu Y, Sun BL, Shen Y. Features of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Contributes to the Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:795-804. [PMID: 36502328 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), which comprises the typical features of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and Vichor-Robin spaces (VRSs) in the brain, is one of the leading causes of aging-related cognitive decline and, ultimately, contributes to the occurrence of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE To investigate whether CSVD imaging markers modify the pathological processes of AD and whether these markers improve AD diagnosis. METHODS 208 participants were enrolled in the China Aging and Neurodegenerative Initiative (CANDI). Fluid AD biomarkers were detected using a single-molecule array, and cerebral small vessel dysfunction was determined using magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS WMH contributed to AD pathology only within the NC and MCI groups (CDR ≤0.5), whereas VRSs had no effect on AD pathology. The associations between AD biomarkers and cognitive mental status were consistent with the presence of CSVD pathology. That is, within individuals without CSVD pathology, the MMSE scores were correlated with AD fluid biomarkers, except for plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40. Increased plasma p-Tau levels were associated with worse cognitive performance in individuals with WMH (β= -0.465, p = 0.0016) or VRSs (β= -0.352, p = 0.0257) pathology. Plasma AD biomarkers combined with CSVD markers showed high accuracy in diagnosing dementia. CONCLUSION Findings from this cross-sectional cohort study support the notion that CSVD is a risk factor for dementia and highlights that vascular pathology can promote AD biomarker levels, especially in the early course of the disease. Moreover, our results suggest that adding a vascular category to the ATN framework improves the diagnostic accuracy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Zhao Cheng
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xin-Yi Lv
- Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bao-Liang Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Yong Shen
- Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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195
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Li H, Huang Z, Gao Z, Zhu W, Li Y, Zhou S, Li X, Yu Y. Sex Difference in General Cognition Associated with Coupling of Whole-brain Functional Connectivity Strength to Cerebral Blood Flow Changes During Alzheimer's Disease Progression. Neuroscience 2023; 509:187-200. [PMID: 36496188 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disorder that results in irreversible cognitive impairments. Nonetheless, there are numerous sex-dependent differences in clinical course. We examined potential contributions of neurovascular coupling deficits to sex differences in AD progression. T1-weighted three-dimensional structural magnetic resonance images, functional blood oxygen level dependent and arterial spin labeling images were acquired from 50 AD patients (28 females), 52 amnesic mild cognitive impairment patients (31 females), and 59 healthy controls (36 females). Short- and long-range functional connectivity strength (FCS) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) values were calculated for all participants. Then, the CBF/FCS coupling ratio, which represented the amount of blood supply per unit of connectivity strength, was calculated for each voxel. Two-way ANOVA was performed to identify group × sex interactions and main effects of group. Correlation analysis was used to assess associations between CBF/FCS ratios and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). There were significant group × sex interaction effects on short-range coupling ratios of right middle temporal gyrus, left angular gyrus, left inferior orbital frontal gyrus, and left superior frontal gyrus as well as on the long-range coupling ratios of right middle temporal gyrus, left precuneus, left posterior cingulate cortex, and left angular gyrus. There were significant negative correlations between MMSE scores and CBF/FCS ratios for all regions with significant group × sex interactions among female patients, while positive correlations were found among male patients. Our results demonstrate significant sex differences in neurovascular coupling mechanisms associated with cognitive function during the course of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Ziang Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Ziwen Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Wanqiu Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xiaoshu Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
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196
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Golzari-Sorkheh M, Weaver DF, Reed MA. COVID-19 as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:1-23. [PMID: 36314211 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although a primarily respiratory disease, recent reports indicate that it also affects the central nervous system (CNS). Over 25% of COVID-19 patients report neurological symptoms such as memory loss, anosmia, hyposmia, confusion, and headaches. The neurological outcomes may be a result of viral entry into the CNS and/or resulting neuroinflammation, both of which underlie an elevated risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we ask: Is COVID-19 a risk factor for AD? To answer, we identify the literature and review mechanisms by which COVID-19-mediated neuroinflammation can contribute to the development of AD, evaluate the effects of acute versus chronic phases of infection, and lastly, discuss potential therapeutics to address the rising rates of COVID-19 neurological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark A Reed
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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197
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Cui LB, Wang DJJ, Ma G. Editorial: Multi-parametric perfusion MRI by arterial spin labeling. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1132835. [PMID: 36711152 PMCID: PMC9875590 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1132835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Long-Biao Cui
- Schizophrenia Imaging Lab, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Danny J. J. Wang
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Guolin Ma
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Guolin Ma ✉
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198
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Alkahtani S, AL-Johani NS, Alarifi S. Mechanistic Insights, Treatment Paradigms, and Clinical Progress in Neurological Disorders: Current and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1340. [PMID: 36674852 PMCID: PMC9865061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a major cause of disability and are related to brain development. The neurological signs of brain lesions can vary from mild clinical shortfalls to more delicate and severe neurological/behavioral symptoms and learning disabilities, which are progressive. In this paper, we have tried to summarize a collective view of various NDs and their possible therapeutic outcomes. These diseases often occur as a consequence of the misfolding of proteins post-translation, as well as the dysfunctional trafficking of proteins. In the treatment of neurological disorders, a challenging hurdle to cross regarding drug delivery is the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB plays a unique role in maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) by exchanging components between the circulations and shielding the brain from neurotoxic pathogens and detrimental compounds. Here, we outline the current knowledge about BBB deterioration in the evolving brain, its origin, and therapeutic interventions. Additionally, we summarize the physiological scenarios of the BBB and its role in various cerebrovascular diseases. Overall, this information provides a detailed account of BBB functioning and the development of relevant treatments for neurological disorders. This paper will definitely help readers working in the field of neurological scientific communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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199
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Le WD, Yang C, Yang Q, Xiang Y, Zeng XR, Xiao J. The neuroprotective effects of oxygen therapy in Alzheimer’s disease: a narrative review. Neural Regen Res 2023. [PMID: 35799509 PMCID: PMC9241400 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.343897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological disease that primarily affects the elderly. Drug therapy is the main strategy for AD treatment, but current treatments suffer from poor efficacy and a number of side effects. Non-drug therapy is attracting more attention and may be a better strategy for treatment of AD. Hypoxia is one of the important factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Multiple cellular processes synergistically promote hypoxia, including aging, hypertension, diabetes, hypoxia/obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, and traumatic brain injury. Increasing evidence has shown that hypoxia may affect multiple pathological aspects of AD, such as amyloid-beta metabolism, tau phosphorylation, autophagy, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial and synaptic dysfunction. Treatments targeting hypoxia may delay or mitigate the progression of AD. Numerous studies have shown that oxygen therapy could improve the risk factors and clinical symptoms of AD. Increasing evidence also suggests that oxygen therapy may improve many pathological aspects of AD including amyloid-beta metabolism, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, oxidative stress, neurotrophic factors, mitochondrial function, cerebral blood volume, and protein synthesis. In this review, we summarized the effects of oxygen therapy on AD pathogenesis and the mechanisms underlying these alterations. We expect that this review can benefit future clinical applications and therapy strategies on oxygen therapy for AD.
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200
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Wu S, Tyler LK, Henson RNA, Rowe JB, Cam-Can, Tsvetanov KA. Cerebral blood flow predicts multiple demand network activity and fluid intelligence across the adult lifespan. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 121:1-14. [PMID: 36306687 PMCID: PMC7613814 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The preservation of cognitive function in old age is a public health priority. Cerebral hypoperfusion is a hallmark of dementia but its impact on maintaining cognitive ability across the lifespan is less clear. We investigated the relationship between baseline cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) response during a fluid reasoning task in a population-based adult lifespan cohort. As age differences in CBF could lead to non-neuronal contributions to the BOLD signal, we introduced commonality analysis to neuroimaging to dissociate performance-related CBF effects from the physiological confounding effects of CBF on the BOLD response. Accounting for CBF, we confirmed that performance- and age-related differences in BOLD responses in the multiple-demand network were implicated in fluid reasoning. Age differences in CBF explained not only performance-related BOLD responses but also performance-independent BOLD responses. Our results suggest that CBF is important for maintaining cognitive function, while its non-neuronal contributions to BOLD signals reflect an age-related confound. Maintaining perfusion into old age may serve to support brain function and preserve cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Wu
- Centre for Speech, Language and the Brain, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Management, School of Business, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lorraine K Tyler
- Centre for Speech, Language and the Brain, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard N A Henson
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cam-Can
- Centre for Speech, Language and the Brain, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kamen A Tsvetanov
- Centre for Speech, Language and the Brain, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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