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Almeida RF, Ferreira TP, David CVC, Abreu E Silva PC, Dos Santos SA, Rodrigues ALS, Elisabetsky E. Guanine-Based Purines as an Innovative Target to Treat Major Depressive Disorder. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:652130. [PMID: 33927625 PMCID: PMC8076783 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.652130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto F Almeida
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago P Ferreira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila V C David
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Abreu E Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Sulamita A Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana L S Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Elaine Elisabetsky
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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152
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Olson DE. The Subjective Effects of Psychedelics May Not Be Necessary for Their Enduring Therapeutic Effects. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:563-567. [PMID: 33861218 PMCID: PMC8033607 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Psychedelics represent one of the most promising classes of experimental medicines for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders due to their ability to promote neural plasticity and produce both rapid and sustained therapeutic effects following a single administration. Conventional wisdom holds that peak mystical experiences induced by psychedelics are a critical component of their therapeutic mechanisms of action, though evidence supporting that claim is largely correlational. Here, I present data suggesting that the subjective effects induced by psychedelics may not be necessary to produce long-lasting changes in mood and behavior. Understanding the role of subjective effects in the therapeutic mechanisms of psychedelics will have important implications for both basic neuroscience and for increasing patient access to the next generation of medicines developed as a result of psychedelic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Olson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, 2700 Stockton Blvd, Suite 2102, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
- Center
for Neuroscience, University of California,
Davis, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, California 95618, United States
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153
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Olson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, 2700 Stockton Blvd, Suite 2102, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
- Center
for Neuroscience, University of California,
Davis, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, California 95618, United States
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154
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Gao Y, Li X, Zhao HL, Ling-Hu T, Zhou YZ, Tian JS, Qin XM. Comprehensive Analysis Strategy of Nervous-Endocrine-Immune-Related Metabolites to Evaluate Arachidonic Acid as a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker in Depression. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2477-2486. [PMID: 33797260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most complex multifactorial diseases affected by genetic and environmental factors. The molecular mechanism underlying depression remains largely unclear. To address this issue, a novel nervous-endocrine-immune (NEI) network module was used to find the metabolites and evaluate the diagnostic ability of patients with depression. During this process, metabolites were acquired from a professional depression metabolism database. Over-representation analysis was performed using IMPaLA. Then, the metabolite-metabolite interaction (MMI) network of the NEI system was used to select key metabolites. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was evaluated for the diagnostic ability of arachidonic acid. The results show that the numbers of the nervous system, endocrine system, and immune system pathways are 10, 19, and 12 and the numbers of metabolites are 38, 52, and 13, respectively. The selected shared metabolite-enriched pathways can be 97.56% of the NEI-related pathways. Arachidonic acid was extracted from the NEI system network by using an optimization formula and validated by in vivo experiments. It was indicated that the proposed model was good at screening arachidonic acid for the diagnosis of depression. This method provides reliable evidences and references for the diagnosis and mechanism research of other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China
| | - Hui-Liang Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China
| | - Ting Ling-Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China
| | - Yu-Zhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China
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155
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Highland JN, Zanos P, Riggs LM, Georgiou P, Clark SM, Morris PJ, Moaddel R, Thomas CJ, Zarate CA, Pereira EFR, Gould TD. Hydroxynorketamines: Pharmacology and Potential Therapeutic Applications. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:763-791. [PMID: 33674359 PMCID: PMC7938660 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxynorketamines (HNKs) are formed in vivo after (R,S)-ketamine (ketamine) administration. The 12 HNK stereoisomers are distinguished by the position of cyclohexyl ring hydroxylation (at the 4, 5, or 6 position) and their unique stereochemistry at two stereocenters. Although HNKs were initially classified as inactive metabolites because of their lack of anesthetic effects, more recent studies have begun to reveal their biologic activities. In particular, (2R,6R)- and (2S 6)-HNK exert antidepressant-relevant behavioral and physiologic effects in preclinical models, which led to a rapid increase in studies seeking to clarify the mechanisms by which HNKs exert their pharmacological effects. To date, the majority of HNK research has focused on the actions of (2R,6R)-HNK because of its robust behavioral actions in tests of antidepressant effectiveness and its limited adverse effects. This review describes HNK pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as the putative cellular, molecular, and synaptic mechanisms thought to underlie their behavioral effects, both following their metabolism from ketamine and after direct administration in preclinical studies. Converging preclinical evidence indicates that HNKs modulate glutamatergic neurotransmission and downstream signaling pathways in several brain regions, including the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Effects on other neurotransmitter systems, as well as possible effects on neurotrophic and inflammatory processes, and energy metabolism, are also discussed. Additionally, the behavioral effects of HNKs and possible therapeutic applications are described, including the treatment of unipolar and bipolar depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, chronic pain, neuroinflammation, and other anti-inflammatory and analgesic uses. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Preclinical studies indicate that hydroxynorketamines (HNKs) exert antidepressant-relevant behavioral actions and may also have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and other physiological effects that are relevant for the treatment of a variety of human diseases. This review details the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the HNKs, as well as their behavioral actions, putative mechanisms of action, and potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn N Highland
- Departments of Psychiatry (J.N.H., P.Z., L.M.R., P.G., S.M.C., T.D.G.), Pharmacology (P.Z., T.D.G.), Physiology (P.Z.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (T.D.G), Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Translational Toxicology (E.F.R.P.), Programs in Toxicology (J.N.H.) and Neuroscience (L.M.R.), and Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (T.D.G.); Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (P.J.M., C.J.T.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.)
| | - Panos Zanos
- Departments of Psychiatry (J.N.H., P.Z., L.M.R., P.G., S.M.C., T.D.G.), Pharmacology (P.Z., T.D.G.), Physiology (P.Z.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (T.D.G), Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Translational Toxicology (E.F.R.P.), Programs in Toxicology (J.N.H.) and Neuroscience (L.M.R.), and Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (T.D.G.); Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (P.J.M., C.J.T.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.)
| | - Lace M Riggs
- Departments of Psychiatry (J.N.H., P.Z., L.M.R., P.G., S.M.C., T.D.G.), Pharmacology (P.Z., T.D.G.), Physiology (P.Z.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (T.D.G), Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Translational Toxicology (E.F.R.P.), Programs in Toxicology (J.N.H.) and Neuroscience (L.M.R.), and Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (T.D.G.); Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (P.J.M., C.J.T.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.)
| | - Polymnia Georgiou
- Departments of Psychiatry (J.N.H., P.Z., L.M.R., P.G., S.M.C., T.D.G.), Pharmacology (P.Z., T.D.G.), Physiology (P.Z.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (T.D.G), Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Translational Toxicology (E.F.R.P.), Programs in Toxicology (J.N.H.) and Neuroscience (L.M.R.), and Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (T.D.G.); Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (P.J.M., C.J.T.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.)
| | - Sarah M Clark
- Departments of Psychiatry (J.N.H., P.Z., L.M.R., P.G., S.M.C., T.D.G.), Pharmacology (P.Z., T.D.G.), Physiology (P.Z.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (T.D.G), Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Translational Toxicology (E.F.R.P.), Programs in Toxicology (J.N.H.) and Neuroscience (L.M.R.), and Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (T.D.G.); Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (P.J.M., C.J.T.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.)
| | - Patrick J Morris
- Departments of Psychiatry (J.N.H., P.Z., L.M.R., P.G., S.M.C., T.D.G.), Pharmacology (P.Z., T.D.G.), Physiology (P.Z.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (T.D.G), Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Translational Toxicology (E.F.R.P.), Programs in Toxicology (J.N.H.) and Neuroscience (L.M.R.), and Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (T.D.G.); Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (P.J.M., C.J.T.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.)
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Departments of Psychiatry (J.N.H., P.Z., L.M.R., P.G., S.M.C., T.D.G.), Pharmacology (P.Z., T.D.G.), Physiology (P.Z.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (T.D.G), Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Translational Toxicology (E.F.R.P.), Programs in Toxicology (J.N.H.) and Neuroscience (L.M.R.), and Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (T.D.G.); Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (P.J.M., C.J.T.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.)
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Departments of Psychiatry (J.N.H., P.Z., L.M.R., P.G., S.M.C., T.D.G.), Pharmacology (P.Z., T.D.G.), Physiology (P.Z.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (T.D.G), Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Translational Toxicology (E.F.R.P.), Programs in Toxicology (J.N.H.) and Neuroscience (L.M.R.), and Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (T.D.G.); Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (P.J.M., C.J.T.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.)
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Departments of Psychiatry (J.N.H., P.Z., L.M.R., P.G., S.M.C., T.D.G.), Pharmacology (P.Z., T.D.G.), Physiology (P.Z.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (T.D.G), Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Translational Toxicology (E.F.R.P.), Programs in Toxicology (J.N.H.) and Neuroscience (L.M.R.), and Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (T.D.G.); Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (P.J.M., C.J.T.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.)
| | - Edna F R Pereira
- Departments of Psychiatry (J.N.H., P.Z., L.M.R., P.G., S.M.C., T.D.G.), Pharmacology (P.Z., T.D.G.), Physiology (P.Z.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (T.D.G), Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Translational Toxicology (E.F.R.P.), Programs in Toxicology (J.N.H.) and Neuroscience (L.M.R.), and Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (T.D.G.); Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (P.J.M., C.J.T.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.)
| | - Todd D Gould
- Departments of Psychiatry (J.N.H., P.Z., L.M.R., P.G., S.M.C., T.D.G.), Pharmacology (P.Z., T.D.G.), Physiology (P.Z.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (T.D.G), Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Translational Toxicology (E.F.R.P.), Programs in Toxicology (J.N.H.) and Neuroscience (L.M.R.), and Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (T.D.G.); Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (P.J.M., C.J.T.); Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (R.M.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.)
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156
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Pten is a key intrinsic factor regulating raphe 5-HT neuronal plasticity and depressive behaviors in mice. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:186. [PMID: 33771970 PMCID: PMC7998026 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT)-based antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) aim to enhance serotonergic activity by blocking its reuptake. We propose PTEN as a target for an alternative approach for regulating 5-HT neuron activity in the brain and depressive behaviors. We show that PTEN is elevated in central 5-HT neurons in the raphe nucleus by chronic stress in mice, and selective deletion of Pten in the 5-HT neurons induces its structural plasticity shown by increases of dendritic branching and density of PSD95-positive puncta in the dendrites. 5-HT levels are elevated and electrical stimulation of raphe neurons evokes more 5-HT release in the brain of condition knockout (cKO) mice with Pten-deficient 5-HT neurons. In addition, the 5-HT neurons remain normal electrophysiological properties but have increased excitatory synaptic inputs. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed gene transcript alterations that may underlay morphological and functional changes in Pten-deficient 5-HT neurons. Finally, Pten cKO mice and wild-type mice treated with systemic application of PTEN inhibitor display reduced depression-like behaviors. Thus, PTEN is an intrinsic regulator of 5-HT neuron activity, representing a novel therapeutic strategy for producing antidepressant action.
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157
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Majeed A, Xiong J, Teopiz KM, Ng J, Ho R, Rosenblat JD, Phan L, Cao B, McIntyre RS. Efficacy of dextromethorphan for the treatment of depression: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical trials. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2021; 26:63-74. [PMID: 33682569 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2021.1898588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The large percentage of adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) insufficiently responding and/or tolerating conventional monoamine-based antidepressants invites the need for mechanistically novel treatments. Convergent evidence implicates glutamatergic signaling as a potential therapeutic target in MDD. AREAS COVERED The synthesis herein of preclinical and clinical studies indicates that dextromethorphan (DXM) is well tolerated and exhibits clinically significant antidepressant effects; DXM combined with bupropion has demonstrated replicated and relatively rapid onset efficacy in adults with MDD. DXM efficacy has been preliminarily reported in adults with bipolar depression. The combination of DXM and bupropion represents a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic synergy which may account for the rapidity of action in MDD. EXPERT OPINION The combination of DXM and bupropion is a safe, well tolerated and efficacious treatment option in adults with MDD. Priority questions are whether DXM/bupropion is uniquely effective across discrete domains of psychopathology (e.g. anhedonia, reward processing, general cognitive systems) and/or whether it is able to significantly improve patient-reported outcomes (e.g. quality of life, psychosocial functioning). The availability of ketamine/esketamine and DXM/bupropion instantiates the relevance of glutamate as a treatment target in MDD. Studies in bipolar depression with DXM/bupropion are warranted as well as in MDD with suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Majeed
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jiaqi Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kayla M Teopiz
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason Ng
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Roger Ho
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (Ihealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lee Phan
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Ministry of Education, Southwest University (SWU), P. R. China
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Canada
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158
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Singh T, Goel RK. Epilepsy Associated Depression: An Update on Current Scenario, Suggested Mechanisms, and Opportunities. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1305-1321. [PMID: 33665775 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most frequent psychiatric comorbidities associated with epilepsy having a major impact on the patient's quality of life. Several screening tools are available to identify and follow up psychiatric disorders in epilepsy. Out of various psychiatric disorders, people with epilepsy (PWE) are at greater risk of developing depression. This bidirectional relationship further hinders pharmacotherapy of comorbid depression in PWE as some antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) worsen associated depression and coadministration of existing antidepressants (ADs) to alleviate comorbid depression has been reported to worsen seizures. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are first choice of ADs and are considered safe in PWE, but there are no high-quality evidences. Similar to observations in people with depression, PWE also showed pharmacoresistant to available SSRI/SNRIs, which further complicates the disease prognosis. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials are necessary to report efficacy and safety of available ADs in PWE. We should also move beyond ADs, and therefore, we reviewed common pathological mechanisms such as neuroinflammation, dysregulated hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, altered neurogenesis, and altered tryptophan metabolism responsible for coexistent relationship of epilepsy and depression. Based on these common pertinent pathways involved in the genesis of epilepsy and depression, we suggested novel targets and therapeutic approaches for safe management of comorbid depression in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India.
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159
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Fahad FI, Barua N, Islam MS, Sayem SAJ, Barua K, Uddin MJ, Chy MNU, Adnan M, Islam MN, Sayeed MA, Emran TB, Simal-Gandara J, Pagano E, Capasso R. Investigation of the Pharmacological Properties of Lepidagathis hyalina Nees through Experimental Approaches. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:180. [PMID: 33668978 PMCID: PMC7996513 DOI: 10.3390/life11030180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lepidagathis hyalina Nees is used locally in Ayurvedic medicine to treat coughs and cardiovascular diseases. This study explored its pharmacological potential through in vivo and in vitro approaches for the metabolites extracted (methanolic) from the stems of L. hyalina. A qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of numerous secondary metabolites. The methanol extract of L. hyalina stems (MELHS) showed a strong antioxidative activity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assays, and in the quantitative (phenolic and flavonoid) assay. Clot lysis and brine shrimp lethality bioassays were applied to investigate the thrombolytic and cytotoxic activities, respectively. MELHS exhibited an expressive percentage of clot lysis (33.98%) with a moderately toxic (115.11 μg/mL) effect. The in vivo anxiolytic activity was studied by an elevated plus maze test, whereas the antidepressant activity was examined by a tail suspension test and forced swimming test. During the anxiolytic evaluation, MELHS exhibited a significant dose-dependent reduction of anxiety, in which the 400 mg/kg dose of the extract showed 78.77 ± 4.42% time spent in the open arm in the elevated plus maze test. In addition, MELHS demonstrated dose-dependent and significant activities in the tail suspension test and forced swimming test, whereas the 400 mg/kg dose of the extract showed 87.67 ± 6.40% and 83.33 ± 6.39% inhibition of immobile time, respectively. Therefore, the current study suggests that L. hyalina could be a potential source of anti-oxidative, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, anxiolytic, and antidepressant agents. Further study is needed to determine the mechanism behind the bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fowzul Islam Fahad
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (F.I.F.); (N.B.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.J.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.U.); (M.N.U.C.); (M.A.); (M.N.I.)
| | - Niloy Barua
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (F.I.F.); (N.B.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.J.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.U.); (M.N.U.C.); (M.A.); (M.N.I.)
| | - Md. Shafiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (F.I.F.); (N.B.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.J.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.U.); (M.N.U.C.); (M.A.); (M.N.I.)
| | - Syed Al Jawad Sayem
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (F.I.F.); (N.B.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.J.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.U.); (M.N.U.C.); (M.A.); (M.N.I.)
| | - Koushik Barua
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (F.I.F.); (N.B.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.J.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.U.); (M.N.U.C.); (M.A.); (M.N.I.)
| | - Mohammad Jamir Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (F.I.F.); (N.B.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.J.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.U.); (M.N.U.C.); (M.A.); (M.N.I.)
| | - Md. Nazim Uddin Chy
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (F.I.F.); (N.B.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.J.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.U.); (M.N.U.C.); (M.A.); (M.N.I.)
| | - Md. Adnan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (F.I.F.); (N.B.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.J.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.U.); (M.N.U.C.); (M.A.); (M.N.I.)
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Mohammad Nazmul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (F.I.F.); (N.B.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.J.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.U.); (M.N.U.C.); (M.A.); (M.N.I.)
| | - Mohammed Aktar Sayeed
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (F.I.F.); (N.B.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.J.S.); (K.B.); (M.J.U.); (M.N.U.C.); (M.A.); (M.N.I.)
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus—University of Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Ester Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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160
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Antidepressants fluoxetine and amitriptyline induce alterations in intestinal microbiota and gut microbiome function in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:131. [PMID: 33602895 PMCID: PMC7892574 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antidepressant medications are known to modulate the central nervous system, and gut microbiota can play a role in depression via microbiota-gut-brain axis. But the impact of antidepressants on gut microbiota function and composition remains poorly understood. Thus this study assessed the effect of serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant fluoxetine (Flu) and tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline (Ami) administration on gut microbiota composition, diversity, and species abundance, along with microbial function in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression rat model. Oral administration of Ami and Flu significantly altered the overall gut microbiota profile of CUMS-induced rats, as assessed using the permutational multivariate analysis of variance test. At the phylum level, 6-week of antidepressant treatment led to a decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio due to an enhanced Bacteroidetes and reduced Firmicutes relative abundance. Flu was more potent than Ami at altering the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes levels in the CUMS rats. At the family level, both antidepressants significantly increased the abundance of Porphyromonadaceae. However, an increased Bacteroidaceae level was significantly associated with Ami, not Flu treatment. Furthermore, at the genus level, an increase in the relative abundance of Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas, and Alistipes was observed following Ami and Flu treatment. Subsequent metagenomics and bioinformatics analysis further indicated that Ami and Flu likely also modulated metabolic pathways, such as those involved in carbohydrate metabolism, membrane transport, and signal transduction. Additionally, both antidepressants affected antibiotic resistome, such as for aminoglycoside (aph3iiiA), multidrug (mdtK, mdtP, mdtH, mdtG, acrA), and tetracycline (tetM) resistance in CUMS rats. These data clearly illustrated the direct impact of oral administration of Flu and Ami on the gut microbiome, thus set up the foundation to reveal more insights on the therapeutic function of the antidepressants and their overall contribution to host health.
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161
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Lago SG, Tomasik J, Bahn S. Functional patient-derived cellular models for neuropsychiatric drug discovery. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:128. [PMID: 33597511 PMCID: PMC7888004 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental health disorders are a leading cause of disability worldwide. Challenges such as disease heterogeneity, incomplete characterization of the targets of existing drugs and a limited understanding of functional interactions of complex genetic risk loci and environmental factors have compromised the identification of novel drug candidates. There is a pressing clinical need for drugs with new mechanisms of action which address the lack of efficacy and debilitating side effects of current medications. Here we discuss a novel strategy for neuropsychiatric drug discovery which aims to address these limitations by identifying disease-related functional responses ('functional cellular endophenotypes') in a variety of patient-derived cells, such as induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons and organoids or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Disease-specific alterations in cellular responses can subsequently yield novel drug screening targets and drug candidates. We discuss the potential of this approach in the context of recent advances in patient-derived cellular models, high-content single-cell screening of cellular networks and changes in the diagnostic framework of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago G. Lago
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jakub Tomasik
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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162
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Investigation of Potential Antioxidant, Thrombolytic and Neuropharmacological Activities of Homalomena aromatica Leaves Using Experimental and In Silico Approaches. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040975. [PMID: 33673167 PMCID: PMC7918836 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaves of Homalomena aromatica are traditionally used in Bangladesh for the treatment of different chronic ailments. The purpose of this study was to explore in vitro antioxidant, thrombolytic activities, and in vivo neuropharmacological effects of methanolic extract of Homalomena aromatica (MEHA) leaves. Antioxidant activity of MEHA was assessed by a DPPH free radical scavenging assay and total phenolics content, total flavonoids content were also measured. The thrombolytic activity was determined by percentage of clot lysis and neuropharmacological activities by hole board, tail suspension, forced swimming and elevated plus maze tests. The results showed that the IC50 value of the extract against DPPH was 199.51 μg/mL. Quantitative analysis displayed higher contents of phenolics and flavonoids (147.71 mg gallic acid equivalent/g & 66.65 mg quercetin equivalent/g dried extract, respectively). The extract also showed a significant clot lysis (33.31%) activity. In case of anxiolytic activity, the elevate plus maze (EPM) test demonstrated an increase in time spent in open arms, and in case of hole board test, the number of head dipping was also significantly increased (p < 0.05). All the test compared with control (1% Tween in water) and standard (diazepam 1 mg/kg), significant dose (200 & 400 mg/kg) dependent anxiolytic activity was found. In antidepressant activity, there was a significant decrease in period of immobility in both test models (tail suspension and forced swimming) (p < 0.05). Moreover, 13 compounds were identified as bioactive, showed good binding affinities to xanthine oxidoreductase, tissue plasminogen activator receptor, potassium channel receptor, human serotonin receptor targets in molecular docking experiments. Furthermore, ADME/T analysis revealed their drug-likeness, likely pharmacological actions and non-toxic upon consumption. Taken together, our finding support the traditional medicinal use of this plant, which may provide a potential source for future drug discovery.
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163
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A somatosensory cortex input to the caudal dorsolateral striatum controls comorbid anxiety in persistent pain. Pain 2021; 161:416-428. [PMID: 31651582 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain and anxiety symptoms are frequently encountered clinically, but the neural circuit mechanisms underlying the comorbid anxiety symptoms in pain (CASP) in context of chronic pain remain unclear. Using viral neuronal tracing in mice, we identified a previously unknown pathway whereby glutamatergic neurons from layer 5 of the hindlimb primary somatosensory cortex (S1) (Glu), a well-known brain region involved in pain processing, project to GABAergic neurons in the caudal dorsolateral striatum (GABA). In a persistent inflammatory pain model induced by complete Freund's adjuvant injection, enhanced excitation of the Glu→GABA pathway was found in mice exhibiting CASP. Reversing this pathway using chemogenetic or optogenetic approaches alleviated CASP. In addition, the optical activation of Glu terminals in the cDLS produced anxiety-like behaviors in naive mice. Overall, the current study demonstrates the putative importance of a novel Glu→GABA pathway in controlling at least some aspects of CASP.
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164
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Inutsuka A, Ino D, Onaka T. Detection of neuropeptides in vivo and open questions for current and upcoming fluorescent sensors for neuropeptides. Peptides 2021; 136:170456. [PMID: 33245950 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During a stress response, various neuropeptides are secreted in a spatiotemporally coordinated way in the brain. For a precise understanding of peptide functions in a stress response, it is important to investigate when and where they are released, how they diffuse, and how they are broken down in the brain. In the past two decades, genetically encoded fluorescent calcium indicators have greatly advanced our knowledge of the functions of specific neuronal activity in regulation of behavioral changes and physiological responses during stress. In addition, various kinds of structural information on G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for neuropeptides have been revealed. Recently, genetically encoded fluorescent sensors have been developed for detection of neurotransmitters by making use of conformational changes induced by ligand binding. In this review, we summarize the recent and upcoming advances of techniques for detection of neuropeptides and then present several open questions that will be solved by application of recent or upcoming technical advances in detection of neuropeptides in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Inutsuka
- Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Ino
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Onaka
- Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
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165
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Smethells JR, Burroughs D, Saykao A, Pentel PR, Rezvani AH, LeSage MG. The reinforcement threshold and elasticity of demand for nicotine in an adolescent rat model of depression. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 219:108433. [PMID: 33310485 PMCID: PMC7855441 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is considering setting a nicotine standard for tobacco products to reduce their addictiveness. Such a standard should account for the apparent greater vulnerability to nicotine addiction in some subpopulations, such as adolescents with depression. The present study examined whether the reinforcement threshold and elasticity of demand (i.e., reinforcing efficacy) for nicotine in a genetic inbred rat model of depression (Flinders Sensitive Line [FSL]) differs from an outbred control strain. METHODS Acquisition of nicotine self-administration (NSA) across a wide range of nicotine doses was measured in both FSL and Sprague-Dawley (SD) control adolescent rats. At the highest dose, elasticity of demand was also measured. Nicotine pharmacokinetics was examined to determine whether it might modulate NSA, as it does smoking in humans. RESULTS FSL rats acquired self-administration quicker and showed more inelastic demand (greater reinforcing efficacy) than SDs at the highest unit dose. However, there was no strain difference in the reinforcement threshold of nicotine. FSL rats exhibited faster nicotine clearance, larger volume of distribution, and lower plasma and brain nicotine concentrations. However, these differences were not consistently related to strain differences in NSA measures. CONCLUSION These findings are consistent with studies showing greater dependence and reinforcing efficacy of cigarettes in smokers with depression and those with relatively fast nicotine metabolism. However, these findings also suggest that a nicotine standard to reduce initiation of tobacco use should be similarly effective in both the general adolescent population and those with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Smethells
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN,Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Amy Saykao
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Paul R. Pentel
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN,Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Amir H. Rezvani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Mark G. LeSage
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN,Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN,Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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166
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Morikawa R, Kubota N, Amemiya S, Nishijima T, Kita I. Interaction between intensity and duration of acute exercise on neuronal activity associated with depression-related behavior in rats. J Physiol Sci 2021; 71:1. [PMID: 33451281 PMCID: PMC10717066 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00788-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We examined the activities of serotonin (5-HT) neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) during acute treadmill running at different speeds (control, low, high) and durations (15, 30, 60 min) in male Wistar rats using c-Fos/5-HT or CRF immunohistochemistry. We also performed elevated plus maze test (EPM) and forced swim test (FST) after acute treadmill running in rats. Acute treadmill running at low speed, regardless of exercise duration, significantly increased c-Fos expression in 5-HT neurons in the DRN compared with controls, whereas high-speed running significantly activated 5-HT neurons only at 60-min duration. In contrast, c-Fos expression in CRF neurons in the PVN was enhanced in an intensity-dependent manner, regardless of exercise duration. c-Fos expression in 5-HT neurons in the DRN induced by the acute treadmill running for 30 or 60 min, but not 15 min, was positively correlated with the time spent on the open arms in the EPM and was negatively correlated with the immobility time in the FST. These results suggest an interaction between exercise intensity and duration on the antidepressant effects of acute physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Morikawa
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kubota
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Amemiya
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishijima
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kita
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
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Jiang YF, Liu J, Yang J, Guo Y, Hu W, Zhang J, La XM, Xie W, Wang HS, Zhang L. Involvement of the Dorsal Hippocampus 5-HT1A Receptors in the Regulation of Depressive-Like Behaviors in Hemiparkinsonian Rats. Neuropsychobiology 2021; 79:198-207. [PMID: 31940619 DOI: 10.1159/000505212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disturbances in Parkinson's disease (PD), but its pathophysiology is not definite. Lines of evidence have indicated that the hippocampus and serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptors are related to the regulation of depression. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to observe the effect of 5-HT1A receptors in the dorsal hippocampus (dHIP) on PD-related depression in rats. METHODS Unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesioning of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) was used to establish the hemiparkinsonian rat model. The effects of intra-dHIP injection of the 5-HT1A receptor -agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino)tetralin hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT) or antagonist WAY-100635 on depressive-like behaviors were observed in sucrose preference and forced swim tests in control and lesioned rats. Monoamine levels including dopamine (DA), 5-HT, and noradrenaline (NA) in depression-related brain regions were determined by a neurochemical method in all groups. RESULTS Behavioral results showed that MFB lesions induced depressive-like behaviors. Intra-dHIP injection of 8-OH-DPAT produced antidepressant effects, while WAY-100635 induced or increased the depressive-like behaviors in both control and the lesioned rats. Neurochemical results found that intra-dHIP injection of 8-OH-DPAT significantly increased DA and 5-HT levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), lateral habenula (LHb), ventral hippocampus and amygdala in the lesioned group and decreased NA levels in the mPFC and LHb in the control group. Moreover, after injection of WAY-100635, NA levels in all these regions of the lesioned group were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that hippocampal 5-HT1A receptors regulate depression and PD-related depression by neurochemical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue-Mei La
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-Sheng Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,
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Chen JJ, Shen JX, Yu ZH, Pan C, Han F, Zhu XL, Xu H, Xu RT, Wei TY, Lu YP. The Antidepressant Effects of Resveratrol are Accompanied by the Attenuation of Dendrite/Dendritic Spine Loss and the Upregulation of BDNF/p-cofilin1 Levels in Chronic Restraint Mice. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:660-674. [PMID: 33392910 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Depression afflicts more than 300 million people worldwide, but there is currently no universally effective drug in clinical practice. In this study, chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced mice depression model was used to study the antidepressant effects of resveratrol and its mechanism. Our results showed that resveratrol significantly attenuated depression-like behavior in mice. Consistent with behavioral changes, resveratrol significantly attenuated CRS-induced reduction in the density of dendrites and dendritic spines in both hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Meanwhile, in hippocampus and mPFC, resveratrol consistently alleviated CRS-induced cofilin1 activation by increasing its ser3 phosphorylation. In addition, cofilin1 immunofluorescence distribution in neuronal inner peri-membrane in controls, and cofilin1 diffusely distribution in the cytoplasm in CRS group were common in hippocampus. However, the distribution of cofilin1 in mPFC was reversed. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that there was a significant positive correlation found between the sucrose consumption in sucrose preference test and the dendrite density in multiple sub-regions of hippocampus and mPFC, and a significant negative correlation between the immobility time in tail suspension test and the dendrite/dendritic spine density in several different areas of hippocampus and mPFC. P-cofilin1 was significantly positively correlated with the overall dendritic spine density in mPFC as well as with the overall dendrite density or BDNF in the hippocampus. Our results suggest that the BDNF/cofilin1 pathway, in which cofilin1 may be activated in a brain-specific manner, was involved in resveratrol's attenuating the dendrite and dendritic spine loss and behavioral abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Chen
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Jun-Xian Shen
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Zong-Hao Yu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Chuan Pan
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Fei Han
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Zhu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, China
- Department of Anatomy, Wannan Medical College, No. 22 Wenchang West Road, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, China
- Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 18 Wuxiashan West Road, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Rui-Ting Xu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Tong-Yao Wei
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Ya-Ping Lu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, No. 1 Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, China.
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169
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Cook I, Cacace M, Wang T, Darrah K, Deiters A, Leyh TS. Small-molecule control of neurotransmitter sulfonation. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100094. [PMID: 33485192 PMCID: PMC7948405 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling unmodified serotonin levels in brain synapses is a primary objective when treating major depressive disorder-a disease that afflicts ∼20% of the world's population. Roughly 60% of patients respond poorly to first-line treatments and thus new therapeutic strategies are sought. To this end, we have constructed isoform-specific inhibitors of the human cytosolic sulfotransferase 1A3 (SULT1A3)-the isoform responsible for sulfonating ∼80% of the serotonin in the extracellular brain fluid. The inhibitor design includes a core ring structure, which anchors the inhibitor into a SULT1A3-specific binding pocket located outside the active site, and a side chain crafted to act as a latch to inhibit turnover by fastening down the SULT1A3 active-site cap. The inhibitors are allosteric, they bind with nanomolar affinity and are highly specific for the 1A3 isoform. The cap-stabilizing effects of the latch can be accurately calculated and are predicted to extend throughout the cap and into the surrounding protein. A free-energy correlation demonstrates that the percent inhibition at saturating inhibitor varies linearly with cap stabilization - the correlation is linear because the rate-limiting step of the catalytic cycle, nucleotide release, scales linearly with the fraction of enzyme in the cap-open form. Inhibitor efficacy in cultured cells was studied using a human mammary epithelial cell line that expresses SULT1A3 at levels comparable with those found in neurons. The inhibitors perform similarly in ex vivo and in vitro studies; consequently, SULT1A3 turnover can now be potently suppressed in an isoform-specific manner in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Mary Cacace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Kristie Darrah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas S Leyh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
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170
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Huang J, Shen C, Ye R, Shi Y, Li W. The Effect of Early Maternal Separation Combined With Adolescent Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress on Behavior and Synaptic Plasticity in Adult Female Rats. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:539299. [PMID: 33746787 PMCID: PMC7973020 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.539299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aims were to evaluate the depression model of early maternal separation (MS) combined with adolescent chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in female adult SD rats to observe the behavior and the expressions of synaptic proteins in rats and to provide a reference for the screening of antidepressant drug activity. In our study, MS and CUMS were conducted to establish a dual stress model on female rats. Behavioral tests, including the sucrose preference test, open field test, and zero maze test, were used to detect depression-like and anxiety-like behavior of animals. Nissl staining was used to detect the number of neuronal cells in the hippocampus CA1 and DG regions of rats from each group. Synaptophysin (SYN), postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) expressions in the hippocampus were detected by western blot. Expression of the hippocampus SYN protein was further detected by immunohistochemistry. Rats in the MS+CUMS group presented more serious depression-like and anxiety-like behavior than in the MS group. Also, few Nissl bodies in the hippocampus CA1 and DG regions, less percentage of SYN-positive cells, and downregulated expressions of SYN, PSD-95, and GAP43 were found in the hippocampus of rats in MS+CUMS group. In conclusion, adult female rats that underwent MS and CUMS performed more critical depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors, and this process may be resulted from synaptic plasticity impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongkun Shen
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Ye
- Heyuan People's Hospital, Heyuan, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yafei Shi
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weirong Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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171
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Kim HD, Wei J, Call T, Quintus NT, Summers AJ, Carotenuto S, Johnson R, Ma X, Xu C, Park JG, Qiu S, Ferguson D. Shisa6 mediates cell-type specific regulation of depression in the nucleus accumbens. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7316-7327. [PMID: 34253865 PMCID: PMC8752624 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Depression is the leading cause of disability and produces enormous health and economic burdens. Current treatment approaches for depression are largely ineffective and leave more than 50% of patients symptomatic, mainly because of non-selective and broad action of antidepressants. Thus, there is an urgent need to design and develop novel therapeutics to treat depression. Given the heterogeneity and complexity of the brain, identification of molecular mechanisms within specific cell-types responsible for producing depression-like behaviors will advance development of therapies. In the reward circuitry, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key brain region of depression pathophysiology, possibly based on differential activity of D1- or D2- medium spiny neurons (MSNs). Here we report a circuit- and cell-type specific molecular target for depression, Shisa6, recently defined as an AMPAR component, which is increased only in D1-MSNs in the NAc of susceptible mice. Using the Ribotag approach, we dissected the transcriptional profile of D1- and D2-MSNs by RNA sequencing following a mouse model of depression, chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). Bioinformatic analyses identified cell-type specific genes that may contribute to the pathogenesis of depression, including Shisa6. We found selective optogenetic activation of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to NAc circuit increases Shisa6 expression in D1-MSNs. Shisa6 is specifically located in excitatory synapses of D1-MSNs and increases excitability of neurons, which promotes anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice. Cell-type and circuit-specific action of Shisa6, which directly modulates excitatory synapses that convey aversive information, identifies the protein as a potential rapid-antidepressant target for aberrant circuit function in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Dae Kim
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Jing Wei
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Tanessa Call
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Nicole Teru Quintus
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Alexander J. Summers
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Samantha Carotenuto
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Ross Johnson
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Xiaokuang Ma
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Chenxi Xu
- grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA
| | - Jin G. Park
- grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA
| | - Shenfeng Qiu
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Deveroux Ferguson
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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172
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Exploring cellular markers of metabolic syndrome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells across the neuropsychiatric spectrum. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:673-682. [PMID: 32898636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that comorbidities between neuropsychiatric conditions and metabolic syndrome may precede and even exacerbate long-term side-effects of psychiatric medication, such as a higher risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, which result in increased mortality. In the present study we compare the expression of key metabolic proteins, including the insulin receptor (CD220), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and fatty acid translocase (CD36), on peripheral blood mononuclear cell subtypes from patients across the neuropsychiatric spectrum, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression and autism spectrum conditions (n = 25/condition), relative to typical controls (n = 100). This revealed alterations in the expression of these proteins that were specific to schizophrenia. Further characterization of metabolic alterations in an extended cohort of first-onset antipsychotic drug-naïve schizophrenia patients (n = 58) and controls (n = 63) revealed that the relationship between insulin receptor expression in monocytes and physiological insulin sensitivity was disrupted in schizophrenia and that altered expression of the insulin receptor was associated with whole genome polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia. Finally, longitudinal follow-up of the schizophrenia patients over the course of antipsychotic drug treatment revealed that peripheral metabolic markers predicted changes in psychopathology and the principal side effect of weight gain at clinically relevant time points. These findings suggest that peripheral blood cells can provide an accessible surrogate model for metabolic alterations in schizophrenia and have the potential to stratify subgroups of patients with different clinical outcomes or a greater risk of developing metabolic complications following antipsychotic therapy.
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173
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Ma H, Cai M, Wang H. Emotional Blunting in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: A Brief Non-systematic Review of Current Research. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:792960. [PMID: 34970173 PMCID: PMC8712545 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.792960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional blunting is frequently reported by patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and has been identified as one of the most prominent side effects of antidepressants leading to medication discontinuation. However, antidepressant-induced emotional blunting remains largely unexplored-there lacks a clinical definition of this condition, and no agreeing conclusion has been reached regarding its etiology. Current research suggests that the onset of diminished emotional response may be related to antidepressant dose, with higher doses being more likely to induce emotional blunting. Consequently, most clinicians either reduce the dose or switch to another drug when treating this symptom. Overall, more comprehensive clinical assessments or interviews specifically designed to evaluate antidepressant-induced emotional blunting in MDD patients are in need to elucidate the neuropsychological mechanisms behind this increasingly prevalent symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhe Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huaning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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174
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Unal-Aydin P, Aydin O, Arslan A. Genetic Architecture of Depression: Where Do We Stand Now? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1305:203-230. [PMID: 33834402 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6044-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The research of depression genetics has been occupied by historical candidate genes which were tested by candidate gene association studies. However, these studies were mostly not replicable. Thus, genetics of depression have remained elusive for a long time. As research moves from candidate gene association studies to GWAS, the hypothesis-free non-candidate gene association studies in genome-wide level, this trend will likely change. Despite the fact that the earlier GWAS of depression were not successful, the recent GWAS suggest robust findings for depression genetics. These altogether will catalyze a new wave of multidisciplinary research to pin down the neurobiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Unal-Aydin
- Psychology Program, International University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Orkun Aydin
- Psychology Program, International University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ayla Arslan
- School of Advanced Studies, University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russia.
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175
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Oh JY, Liu QF, Hua C, Jeong HJ, Jang JH, Jeon S, Park HJ. Intranasal Administration of Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Reduces Stress-Induced Anxiety- and Depressive-Like Behaviors in Rodents. Exp Neurobiol 2020; 29:453-469. [PMID: 33372169 PMCID: PMC7788308 DOI: 10.5607/en20024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder with few treatment options. Non-targeted antidepressants have low efficacy and can induce series of side effects. While a neuropeptide, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), is known to exhibit regulator of affective state, no study to date has assessed the anti-depressive effects of MCH in a stress-induced depression model. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacological effects of intranasal administration of MCH on depression-related behavior in stressed rats and mice. Using a number of behavioral tests, we found that MCH treatment significantly decreased anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors induced by stress. Notably, the effects of MCH were equivalent to those of fluoxetine. MCH treatment also restored the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and normalized the levels of synaptic proteins, including postsynaptic density 95, glutamate receptor 1, and synapsin 1, which were all downregulated by stress. Interestingly, the protective effects of MCH were blocked by the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin. These results suggest that MCH exhibits antidepressant properties by modulating the mTOR pathway. Altogether, this study provides an insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the antidepressant-like effects of MCH, thereby paving the way for the future clinical application of MCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Oh
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.,Studies of Translational Acupuncture Research (STAR), Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.,BK21 PLUS Korean Medicine Science Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Quan Feng Liu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gwangju 38066, Korea
| | - Cai Hua
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Ha Jin Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Jang
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.,Studies of Translational Acupuncture Research (STAR), Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.,BK21 PLUS Korean Medicine Science Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Songhee Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.,Studies of Translational Acupuncture Research (STAR), Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.,BK21 PLUS Korean Medicine Science Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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176
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Yakout DW, Shree N, Mabb AM. Effect of pharmacological manipulations on Arc function. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2020; 2:100013. [PMID: 34909648 PMCID: PMC8663979 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2020.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) is a brain-enriched immediate early gene that regulates important mechanisms implicated in learning and memory. Arc levels are controlled through a balance of induction and degradation in an activity-dependent manner. Arc further undergoes multiple post-translational modifications that regulate its stability, localization and function. Recent studies demonstrate that these features of Arc can be pharmacologically manipulated. In this review, we discuss some of these compounds, with an emphasis on drugs of abuse and psychotropic drugs. We also discuss inflammatory states that regulate Arc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina W. Yakout
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nitheyaa Shree
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Angela M. Mabb
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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177
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Desormeaux C, Demars F, Davenas E, Jay TM, Lavergne F. Selective activation of D1 dopamine receptors exerts antidepressant-like activity in rats. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:1443-1448. [PMID: 33256509 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120959613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder is a common illness that severely decreases psychosocial functioning. Due to the major limitations of current treatments including response failure, it is crucial to develop better therapy strategies. Evidence suggests that dopamine dysregulation might play a major role in major depressive disorder physiopathology. AIMS This study investigates whether the dopamine D1 receptor agonist A77636 modulates antidepressant-like activity in rats. METHODS Rats were injected with an acute single dose of A77636 (0.75, 1.5 or 3 mg/kg), a potent and selective dopamine D1-like receptor agonist. Their locomotor activity, social interactions and behavioural response to the forced swim test were analysed 30 min after the injection. RESULTS During the forced swim test, the D1 agonist dose dependently reduced the immobility while the time of bursting was increased. Social interactions were significantly increased in the animals exposed to 3 mg/kg of A77636 whereas no significant changes were measured in general motor activity. CONCLUSIONS The present results provide evidence that pharmacological modulation of D1 receptor by the selective agonist A77636 induces antidepressant-like effects in rats, which encourages further studies regarding D1-specific modulation in major depressive disorder treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Desormeaux
- Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Demars
- Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Davenas
- Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Therese M Jay
- Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Francis Lavergne
- Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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178
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Yaeger JD, Krupp KT, Gale JJ, Summers CH. Counterbalanced microcircuits for Orx1 and Orx2 regulation of stress reactivity. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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179
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Ding Q, Tian Y, Wang X, Li P, Su D, Wu C, Zhang W, Tang B. Oxidative Damage of Tryptophan Hydroxylase-2 Mediated by Peroxisomal Superoxide Anion Radical in Brains of Mouse with Depression. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20735-20743. [PMID: 33237755 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Depression is intimately linked with oxidative stress in the brains. Peroxisome plays vital roles in the regulation of intracellular redox balance by keeping reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Available evidence indicates a possible relationship between peroxisomal ROS and depression. Even so, the underlying modulation mechanisms of peroxisomal ROS in depression are still rudimentary due to the limitations of the existing detecting methods. Hence, we developed a two-photon fluorescent probe TCP for the real-time visualization of the first produced ROS superoxide anion radical (O2•-) in peroxisome. Using the two-photon fluorescence imaging, we found that peroxisomal O2•- rose during oxidative stress in the mouse brains, resulting in the inactivation of catalase (CAT). Subsequently, the intracellular H2O2 level elevated, which further oxidized tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2). Then the decrease contents of TPH2 caused the dysfunction of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) system in the mouse brains, eventually leading to depression-like behaviors. Our work provides evidence of a peroxisomal O2•- mediated signaling pathway in depression, which will conduce to pinpoint potential targets for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ding
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Tian
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanchen Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
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180
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Rana T, Behl T, Sehgal A, Srivastava P, Bungau S. Unfolding the Role of BDNF as a Biomarker for Treatment of Depression. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:2008-2021. [PMID: 33230708 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a well-known disabling mental illness characterized by sadness, loss of interest in activities, and decreased energy. The symptoms of depression are usually recurrent in vulnerable individuals, and persistence of symptoms significantly impairs individuals' quality of life. The exact pathophysiology of depression remains ambiguous, though many hypotheses have been proposed. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has recently been reported to play a vital role in the pathophysiology of depression. BDNF is an important neurotrophic factor found in the human brain and is involved in neuronal growth and proliferation, synaptic neurotransmission, and neuroplasticity. The neurotrophic theory of depression proposes that depression results from reduced BDNF levels in the brain, which can be treated with antidepressants to alleviate depressive behavior and increase BDNF levels. The aim of this review is to provide broad insight into the role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of depression and in antidepressant therapy. The studies mentioned in this review article greatly support the role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of depression and treatment of this disorder with antidepressants. Since abnormalities in BDNF levels lead to the production of diverse insults that amplify the development or progression of depression, it is important to study and explore BDNF impairment in relation to depression, neuroplasticity, and neurogenesis, and increasing BDNF levels through antidepressant therapy, showing positive response in the management of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarapati Rana
- Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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181
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Figueroa-Hall LK, Paulus MP, Savitz J. Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in Depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 121:104843. [PMID: 32911436 PMCID: PMC7883590 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most prevalent, disabling, and costly mental illnesses currently affecting over 300 million people worldwide. A subset of depressed patients display inflammation as indicated by increased levels of proinflammatory mediators in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Longitudinal and experimental studies suggest that this inflammatory profile may causally contribute to the initiation, maintenance, or recurrence of depressive episodes in the context of major depressive disorder (MDD). While the mechanistic pathways that mediate these depressogenic effects have not yet been fully elucidated, toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is one potential common inflammatory pathway. In this review, we focus on the role that inflammation plays in depression, TLR signaling and its plasticity as a candidate pathway, its regulation by micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs), and their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for identification of inflammatory subtypes of depression. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that TLR expression and TLR signaling regulators are associated with MDD. Further, TLR expression and signaling is in-turn, regulated in part by miRNAs and some TLR-responsive miRNAs indirectly modulate pathways that are implicated in MDD pathophysiology. These data suggest an intersection between TLR signaling regulation and MDD-linked pathways. While these studies suggest that miRNAs play a role in the pathophysiology of MDD via their regulatory effects on TLR pathways, the utility of miRNAs as biomarkers and potential treatment targets remains to be determined. Developing new and innovative techniques or adapting established immunological approaches to mental health, should be at the forefront in moving the field forward, especially in terms of categorization of inflammatory subtypes in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, United States; Oxley College of Health Sciences, 1215 S. Boulder Ave W., The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, 74199, United States.
| | - Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, United States; Oxley College of Health Sciences, 1215 S. Boulder Ave W., The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, 74199, United States.
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182
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Zhang J, Zhou H, Yang J, Jia J, Niu L, Sun Z, Shi D, Meng L, Qiu W, Wang X, Zheng H, Wang G. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound ameliorates depression-like behaviors in a rat model of chronic unpredictable stress. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 27:233-243. [PMID: 33112507 PMCID: PMC7816209 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is an unmet need for better nonpharmaceutical treatments for depression. Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a novel type of neuromodulation that could be helpful for depressed patients. Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility and potential mechanisms of LIPUS in the treatment of depression. Methods Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) was used to generate rats with depression‐like features that were treated with four weeks of LIPUS stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Depression‐like behaviors were assessed with the sucrose preference, forced swim, and open field tests. BDNF/mTORC1 signaling was examined by Western blot to investigate this potential molecular mechanism. The safety of LIPUS was evaluated using hematoxylin‐eosin and Nissl staining. Results Four weeks of LIPUS stimulation significantly increased sucrose preference and reduced forced swim immobility time in CUS rats. LIPUS also partially reversed the molecular effects of CUS that included decreased levels of BDNF, phosphorylated tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB), extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), and S6 kinase (S6K). Moreover, histological staining revealed no gross tissue damage. Conclusions Chronic LIPUS stimulation can effectively and safely improve depression‐like behaviors in CUS rats. The underlying mechanisms may be related to enhancement of BDNF/ERK/mTORC1 signaling pathways in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). LIPUS is a promising noninvasive neuromodulation tool that merits further study as a potential treatment for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinniu Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Yang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for the Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Jia
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zuoli Sun
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Shi
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Long Meng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weibao Qiu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gang Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for the Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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183
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Beaudequin D, Can AT, Dutton M, Jones M, Gallay C, Schwenn P, Yang C, Forsyth G, Simcock G, Hermens DF, Lagopoulos J. Predicting therapeutic response to oral ketamine for chronic suicidal ideation: a Bayesian network for clinical decision support. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:519. [PMID: 33115424 PMCID: PMC7594449 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glutamatergic modulator ketamine has been shown to result in rapid reductions in both suicidal ideation (SI) and depressive symptoms in clinical trials. There is a practical need for identification of pre-treatment predictors of ketamine response. Previous studies indicate links between treatment response and body mass index (BMI), depression symptoms and previous suicide attempts. Our aim was to explore the use of clinical and demographic factors to predict response to serial doses of oral ketamine for chronic suicidal ideation. METHODS Thirty-two participants completed the Oral Ketamine Trial on Suicidality (OKTOS). Data for the current study were drawn from pre-treatment and follow-up time-points of OKTOS. Only clinical and sociodemographic variables were included in this analysis. Data were used to create a proof of concept Bayesian network (BN) model of variables predicting prolonged response to oral ketamine, as defined by the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS). RESULTS The network of potential predictors of response was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. A combination of nine demographic and clinical variables predicted prolonged ketamine response, with strong contributions from BMI, Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), number of suicide attempts, employment status and age. We evaluated and optimised the proposed network to increase the area under the ROC curve (AUC). The performance evaluation demonstrated that the BN predicted prolonged ketamine response with 97% accuracy, and AUC = 0.87. CONCLUSIONS At present, validated tools to facilitate risk assessment are infrequently used in psychiatric practice. Pre-treatment assessment of individuals' likelihood of response to oral ketamine for chronic suicidal ideation could be beneficial in making more informed decisions about likelihood of success for this treatment course. Clinical trials registration number ACTRN12618001412224, retrospectively registered 23/8/2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Beaudequin
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4 (ML59), Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia.
| | - Adem T Can
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4 (ML59), Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Megan Dutton
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4 (ML59), Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Monique Jones
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4 (ML59), Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Cyrana Gallay
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4 (ML59), Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Paul Schwenn
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4 (ML59), Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Cian Yang
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4 (ML59), Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Grace Forsyth
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4 (ML59), Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Simcock
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4 (ML59), Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4 (ML59), Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4 (ML59), Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
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Lim SH, Shin S, Kim MH, Kim EC, Lee DY, Moon J, Park HY, Ryu YK, Kang YM, Kang YJ, Kim TH, Lee NY, Kim NS, Yu DY, Shim I, Gondo Y, Satake M, Kim E, Kim KS, Min SS, Lee JR. Depression-like behaviors induced by defective PTPRT activity through dysregulated synaptic functions and neurogenesis. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs243972. [PMID: 32938684 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.243972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PTPRT has been known to regulate synaptic formation and dendritic arborization of hippocampal neurons. PTPRT-/- null and PTPRT-D401A mutant mice displayed enhanced depression-like behaviors compared with wild-type mice. Transient knockdown of PTPRT in the dentate gyrus enhanced the depression-like behaviors of wild-type mice, whereas rescued expression of PTPRT ameliorated the behaviors of PTPRT-null mice. Chronic stress exposure reduced expression of PTPRT in the hippocampus of mice. In PTPRT-deficient mice the expression of GluR2 (also known as GRIA2) was attenuated as a consequence of dysregulated tyrosine phosphorylation, and the long-term potentiation at perforant-dentate gyrus synapses was augmented. The inhibitory synaptic transmission of the dentate gyrus and hippocampal GABA concentration were reduced in PTPRT-deficient mice. In addition, the hippocampal expression of GABA transporter GAT3 (also known as SLC6A11) was decreased, and its tyrosine phosphorylation was increased in PTPRT-deficient mice. PTPRT-deficient mice displayed reduced numbers and neurite length of newborn granule cells in the dentate gyrus and had attenuated neurogenic ability of embryonic hippocampal neural stem cells. In conclusion, our findings show that the physiological roles of PTPRT in hippocampal neurogenesis, as well as synaptic functions, are involved in the pathogenesis of depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hee Lim
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sangyep Shin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Korea
| | - Myoung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Eung Chang Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Korea
| | - Da Yong Lee
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jeonghee Moon
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Park
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Young-Kyoung Ryu
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Kang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Kim
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Na-Yoon Lee
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Nam-Soon Kim
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Dae-Yeul Yu
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Yoichi Gondo
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Shimo-Kasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Masanobu Satake
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Eunhee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Shim Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sun Seek Min
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Korea
| | - Jae-Ran Lee
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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185
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McCullough KM, Chatzinakos C, Hartmann J, Missig G, Neve RL, Fenster RJ, Carlezon WA, Daskalakis NP, Ressler KJ. Genome-wide translational profiling of amygdala Crh-expressing neurons reveals role for CREB in fear extinction learning. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5180. [PMID: 33057013 PMCID: PMC7560654 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fear and extinction learning are adaptive processes caused by molecular changes in specific neural circuits. Neurons expressing the corticotropin-releasing hormone gene (Crh) in central amygdala (CeA) are implicated in threat regulation, yet little is known of cell type-specific gene pathways mediating adaptive learning. We translationally profiled the transcriptome of CeA Crh-expressing cells (Crh neurons) after fear conditioning or extinction in mice using translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) and RNAseq. Differential gene expression and co-expression network analyses identified diverse networks activated or inhibited by fear vs extinction. Upstream regulator analysis demonstrated that extinction associates with reduced CREB expression, and viral vector-induced increased CREB expression in Crh neurons increased fear expression and inhibited extinction. These findings suggest that CREB, within CeA Crh neurons, may function as a molecular switch that regulates expression of fear and its extinction. Cell-type specific translational analyses may suggest targets useful for understanding and treating stress-related psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M McCullough
- McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Chris Chatzinakos
- McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Jakob Hartmann
- McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Galen Missig
- McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Rachael L Neve
- Gene Transfer Core, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Robert J Fenster
- McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - William A Carlezon
- McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Nikolaos P Daskalakis
- McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
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186
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Synthesis, Docking, 3-D-Qsar, and Biological Assays of Novel Indole Derivatives Targeting Serotonin Transporter, Dopamine D2 Receptor, and Mao-A Enzyme: In the Pursuit for Potential Multitarget Directed Ligands. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25204614. [PMID: 33050524 PMCID: PMC7594025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of 27 compounds of general structure 2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]oxazin-4-yl)-2-{4-[3-(1H-3indolyl)-propyl]-1-piperazinyl}-ethanamides, Series I: 7(a-o) and (2-{4-[3-(1H-3-indolyl)-propyl]-1-piperazinyl}-acetylamine)-N-(2-morfolin-4-yl-ethyl)-fluorinated benzamides Series II: 13(a-l) were synthesized and evaluated as novel multitarget ligands towards dopamine D2 receptor, serotonin transporter (SERT), and monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) directed to the management of major depressive disorder (MDD). All the assayed compounds showed affinity for SERT in the nanomolar range, with five of them displaying Ki values from 5 to 10 nM. Compounds 7k, Ki = 5.63 ± 0.82 nM, and 13c, Ki = 6.85 ± 0.19 nM, showed the highest potencies. The affinities for D2 ranged from micro to nanomolar, while MAO-A inhibition was more discrete. Nevertheless, compounds 7m and 7n showed affinities for the D2 receptor in the nanomolar range (7n: Ki = 307 ± 6 nM and 7m: Ki = 593 ± 62 nM). Compound 7n was the only derivative displaying comparable affinities for SERT and D2 receptor (D2/SERT ratio = 3.6) and could be considered as a multitarget lead for further optimization. In addition, docking studies aimed to rationalize the molecular interactions and binding modes of the designed compounds in the most relevant protein targets were carried out. Furthermore, in order to obtain information on the structure-activity relationship of the synthesized series, a 3-D-QSAR CoMFA and CoMSIA study was conducted and validated internally and externally (q2 = 0.625, 0.523 for CoMFA and CoMSIA and r2ncv = 0.967, 0.959 for CoMFA and CoMSIA, respectively).
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187
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Khanna A, John F, Das S, Thomas J, Rao J, Maliakel B, Im K. Efficacy of a novel extract of fenugreek seeds in alleviating vasomotor symptoms and depression in perimenopausal women: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13507. [PMID: 33025616 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The present randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study investigated the effect of a standardized fenugreek extract (FHE) on perimenopausal discomforts and its influence on hormonal balance and safety. Healthy women characterized with perimenopausal symptoms (n = 48), as assessed by MRS questionnaire, were randomized either to FHE (n = 24) or placebo (n = 24) and supplemented with 250 mg × 2/day for 42 days. Both inter and intra-group comparison revealed a significant improvement in somatic, psychological, and urogenital scores in FHE group, especially for hot flashes (25.9%), night sweats (26.5%), depression (31.8%), and insomnia (21.6%). Further hormone analysis revealed an enhancement in serum estradiol (18.9%), free testosterone (38.2%), and progesterone (19.9%) concentrations and a significant decrease in FSH (38.2%) and SHBG (21.1%) concentrations toward establishing a hormonal balance among FHE-group; without significant changes in other clinical safety parameters. Thus, FHE supplementation offered a significant reduction in vasomotor effects and depression in perimenopausal women, without any adverse effects PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Fenugreek is a popular kitchen spice and Ayurvedic medicine for a variety of health conditions including diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hepatotoxicity, gastritis, and also for a variety of hormone-related health conditions such as sexual functions, lactation, osteoporosis, PCOS, and post/perimenopausal discomforts. Fenugreek is rich in alkaloids, steroidal saponins, flavonoids and 4-hydroxyisoleucine. The present randomized-controlled study investigated the plausible application of a standardized hydro-ethanolic extract of fenugreek seeds (FHE) having a unique 3:1 ratio for protodioscin to trigonelline in the management of perimenopausal discomforts. It was observed that FHE at a dosage of 250 mg × 2/day for 42 days significantly reduced the discomforts, especially vasomotor symptoms and depression, and helped to attain a hormonal balance without any adverse effects or deviations in clinical safety parameters. Thus, FHE could be a potential natural agent for the management of post and perimenopausal discomforts and has to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Khanna
- Aman Hospital and Research Center, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Febi John
- Akay Natural Ingredients Pvt. Ltd., Cochin, India
| | - Syam Das
- Akay Natural Ingredients Pvt. Ltd., Cochin, India
| | - Jestin Thomas
- Leads Clinical Research and Bio Services Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - Jyoti Rao
- Leads Clinical Research and Bio Services Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
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188
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Omidi-Ardali H, Badi AG, Saghaei E, Amini-Khoei H. Nitric oxide mediates the antidepressant-like effect of modafinil in mouse forced swimming and tail suspension tests. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:25-31. [PMID: 33011691 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have suggested antidepressant properties for modafinil; however, the underlying mechanisms mediating the antidepressant effect of modafinil have not been well recognized in clinical and animal studies. Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the pathophysiology of depression. We attempted to investigate the possible role of NO in the antidepressant-like effect of modafinil in mouse forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). METHODS The antidepressant-like effect of modafinil (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg), alone and in combination with l-arginine, l-arg, (100 mg/kg) and NG-l-arginine methyl ester, l-NAME (5 mg/kg), was evaluated using FST and TST. Following behavioral tests, the hippocampi were dissected out to measure nitrite levels. RESULTS Findings suggested that administration of modafinil at doses of 50 and 75 mg/kg significantly reduced immobility time in the FST and TST. Furthermore, administration of l-arg and l-NAME increased and decreased, respectively, the immobility time in the FST and TST. We showed that co-administration of a sub-effective dose of modafinil (25 mg/kg) plus l-NAME potentiated the antidepressant-like effect of the sub-effective dose of modafinil. In addition, co-treatment of an effective dose of modafinil (75 mg/kg) with l-arg attenuated the antidepressant-like effect of the effective dose of modafinil. We showed that the antidepressant-like effect of modafinil is associated with decreased nitrite levels in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Our findings for the first time support that the modulation of NO, partially at least, is involved in the antidepressant-like effect of modafinil in mouse FST and TST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Omidi-Ardali
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Abolfazl Ghasemi Badi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Elham Saghaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Kolla NJ, Mizrahi R, Karas K, Wang C, Bagby RM, McMain S, Simpson AI, Rusjan PM, Tyndale R, Houle S, Boileau I. Elevated fatty acid amide hydrolase in the prefrontal cortex of borderline personality disorder: a [ 11C]CURB positron emission tomography study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1834-1841. [PMID: 32521537 PMCID: PMC7608329 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0731-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amygdala-prefrontal cortex (PFC) functional impairments have been linked to emotion dysregulation and aggression in borderline personality disorder (BPD). Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the major catabolic enzyme for the endocannabinoid anandamide, has been proposed as a key regulator of the amygdala-PFC circuit that subserves emotion regulation. We tested the hypothesis that FAAH levels measured with [11C]CURB positron emission tomography in amygdala and PFC would be elevated in BPD and would relate to hostility and aggression. Twenty BPD patients and 20 healthy controls underwent FAAH genotyping (rs324420) and scanning with [11C]CURB. BPD patients were medication-free and were not experiencing a current major depressive episode. Regional differences in [11C]CURB binding were assessed using multivariate analysis of covariance with PFC and amygdala [11C]CURB binding as dependent variables, diagnosis as a fixed factor, and sex and genotype as covariates. [11C]CURB binding was marginally elevated across the PFC and amygdala in BPD (p = 0.08). In a priori selected PFC, but not amygdala, [11C]CURB binding was significantly higher in BPD (11.0%, p = 0.035 versus 10.6%, p = 0.29). PFC and amygdala [11C]CURB binding was positively correlated with measures of hostility in BPD (r > 0.4; p < 0.04). This study is the first to provide preliminary evidence of elevated PFC FAAH binding in any psychiatric condition. Findings are consistent with the model that lower endocannabinoid tone could perturb PFC circuitry that regulates emotion and aggression. Replication of these findings could encourage testing of FAAH inhibitors as innovative treatments for BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Kolla
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Violence Prevention Neurobiological Research Unit, CAMH, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.440060.60000 0004 0459 5734Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON Canada
| | - R. Mizrahi
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - K. Karas
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Violence Prevention Neurobiological Research Unit, CAMH, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - C. Wang
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Violence Prevention Neurobiological Research Unit, CAMH, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - R. M. Bagby
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - S. McMain
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - A. I. Simpson
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - P. M. Rusjan
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - R. Tyndale
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - S. Houle
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - I. Boileau
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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Chronic minocycline treatment exerts antidepressant effect, inhibits neuroinflammation, and modulates gut microbiota in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:3201-3213. [PMID: 32671421 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONAL Minocycline is a second-generation, semi-synthetic tetracycline, and has broad spectrum-antibacterial activity. Interestingly, many studies have demonstrated that minocycline is beneficial for depression, which may be due to its effects on neuroinflammation modulation. Recently, gut microbiota imbalance has been found in depression patient and animal models. OBJECTIVES Based on the fact of minocycline usually acting as an antibiotic and the relationship between depression, gut microbiota, and neuroinflammation, we designed this study to detect the effects of chronic minocycline treatment on antidepression, neuroinflammation, and gut microbiota modulation. RESULTS Our results showed that minocycline treatment for 4 weeks, not acute treatment, exerted antidepressant effect in mice exposed to unpredictable chronic mild stress (CUMS). Further results suggested that chronic minocycline treatment inhibited neuroinflammation of hippocampus and altered species abundance and metabolites of gut microbiota. Meantime, we found that chronic minocycline treatment ameliorated intestinal barrier disruption and reduced the bacteriological indexes, such as diamine oxidase, C-reaction protein, and endotoxin in peripheral blood of CUMS mice. CONCLUSIONS To sum up, our findings confirm that chronic minocycline treatment exerts the antidepressant effect, inhibits neuroinflammation, and modulates gut microbiota. All of these imply that the antidepressant mechanism of chronic minocycline treatment is maybe due to the combined action of neuroinflammation and gut microbiota modulation, which need further prospective studies.
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191
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Flores NP, Bona NP, Luduvico KP, Cardoso JDS, Soares MSP, Gamaro GD, Spanevello RM, Lencina CL, Gazal M, Stefanello FM. Eugenia uniflora fruit extract exerts neuroprotective effect on chronic unpredictable stress-induced behavioral and neurochemical changes. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13442. [PMID: 32803896 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of chronic administration of Eugenia uniflora fruit extract on behavioral parameters, oxidative stress markers, and acetylcholinesterase activity in an animal model of depression, which was induced by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). Mice were divided into six groups as follows: control/vehicle (water), control/fluoxetine (20 mg/kg), control/extract (200 mg/kg), CUS/vehicle, CUS/fluoxetine (20 mg/kg), and CUS/extract (200 mg/kg). Animals of the CUS group were exposed to a series of stressors for a period of 21 days. Vehicle, fluoxetine, and hydroalcoholic extract were administered daily by gavage. Results showed that E. uniflora treatment: (a) prevented the depressant-like effect induced by CUS; (b) regulated the activity of acetylcholinesterase; (c) reduced oxidative damage to lipids and reactive oxygen species production, in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus; and (d) prevented the reduction of glutathione peroxidase in the hippocampus of animals subjected to CUS protocol. Taken together, our findings suggested that E. uniflora extract exerts a neuroprotective effect by preventing oxidative damage and decreasing CUS-induced acetylcholinesterase activity, thus, ameliorating depressive-type behavior. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: E. uniflora fruit extract revealed an antidepressant-like effect and prevented the oxidative damage as well as cholinergic alterations caused by chronic stress in mice. Therefore, we believe that the results obtained in this study can be used to develop an alternative therapy for the management of depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Porto Flores
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Natália Pontes Bona
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Karina Pereira Luduvico
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Juliane de Souza Cardoso
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Giovana Duzzo Gamaro
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Claiton Leoneti Lencina
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Marta Gazal
- Programa de Biologia Celular e Molecular-Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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192
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Deonaraine KK, Wang Q, Cheng H, Chan KL, Lin HY, Liu K, Parise LF, Cathomas F, Leclair KB, Flanigan ME, Li L, Aleyasin H, Guevara C, Hao K, Zhang B, Russo SJ, Wang J. Sex-specific peripheral and central responses to stress-induced depression and treatment in a mouse model. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:2541-2553. [PMID: 32918293 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder affects ~20% of the world population and is characterized by strong sexual dimorphism with females being two to three times more likely to develop this disorder. Previously, we demonstrated that a combination therapy with dihydrocaffeic acid and malvidin-glucoside to synergistically target peripheral inflammation and stress-induced synaptic maladaptation in the brain was effective in alleviating chronic social defeat stress (CSDS)-induced depression-like phenotype in male mice. Here, we test the combination therapy in a female CSDS model for depression and compared sex-specific responses to stress in the periphery and the central nervous system. Similar to male mice, the combination treatment is also effective in promoting resilience against the CSDS-induced depression-like behavior in female mice. However, there are sex-specific differences in peripheral immune responses and differential gene regulation in the prefrontal cortex to chronic stress and to the treatment. These data indicate that while therapeutic approaches to combat stress-related disorders may be effective in both sexes, the mechanisms underlying these effects differ, emphasizing the need for inclusion of both sexes in preclinical studies using animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina K Deonaraine
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multi-Scale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haoxiang Cheng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenny L Chan
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kalena Liu
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lyonna F Parise
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Flurin Cathomas
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine B Leclair
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meghan E Flanigan
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Long Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hossein Aleyasin
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Guevara
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multi-Scale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott J Russo
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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193
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Wang YJ, Liu L, Wang Y, Wang JL, Gao TT, Wang H, Chen TT, Guan W, Jiang B. Imipramine exerts antidepressant-like effects in chronic stress models of depression by promoting CRTC1 expression in the mPFC. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:257-268. [PMID: 32905805 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) plays a role in the pathophysiology of depression. Although imipramine is thought to prevent the reuptake of synaptic serotonin and norepinephrine, its antidepressant-like mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, the effects of imipramine on CRTC1 were studied in several models of depression, including the chronic restraint stress (CRS), chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) models. We examined whether repeated imipramine administration can reverse the effects of CRS, CUMS and CSDS on CRTC1 expression in both the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Furthermore, genetic knockdown of CRTC1 by CRTC1-shRNA was used to determine whether CRTC1 is necessary for the antidepressant-like effects of imipramine in mice. Our results showed that imipramine reversed the down-regulating effects of CRS, CUMS and CSDS on CRTC1 expression in the mPFC but not the hippocampus, and that CRTC1-shRNA fully abolished the antidepressant-like actions of imipramine in mice. In conclusion, CRTC1 in the mPFC is involved in the antidepressant mechanism of imipramine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Liang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting-Ting Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China.
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194
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Depression-Associated Gene Negr1-Fgfr2 Pathway Is Altered by Antidepressant Treatment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081818. [PMID: 32751911 PMCID: PMC7464991 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Negr1 gene has been significantly associated with major depression in genetic studies. Negr1 encodes for a cell adhesion molecule cleaved by the protease Adam10, thus activating Fgfr2 and promoting neuronal spine plasticity. We investigated whether antidepressants modulate the expression of genes belonging to Negr1-Fgfr2 pathway in Flinders sensitive line (FSL) rats, in a corticosterone-treated mouse model of depression, and in mouse primary neurons. Negr1 and Adam10 were the genes mostly affected by antidepressant treatment, and in opposite directions. Negr1 was down-regulated by escitalopram in the hypothalamus of FSL rats, by fluoxetine in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of corticosterone-treated mice, and by nortriptyline in hippocampal primary neurons. Adam10 mRNA was increased by nortriptyline administration in the hypothalamus, by escitalopram in the hippocampus of FSL rats, and by fluoxetine in mouse dorsal dentate gyrus. Similarly, nortriptyline increased Adam10 expression in hippocampal cultures. Fgfr2 expression was increased by nortriptyline in the hypothalamus of FSL rats and in hippocampal neurons. Lsamp, another IgLON family protein, increased in mouse dentate gyrus after fluoxetine treatment. These findings suggest that Negr1-Fgfr2 pathway plays a role in the modulation of synaptic plasticity induced by antidepressant treatment to promote therapeutic efficacy by rearranging connectivity in corticolimbic circuits impaired in depression.
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195
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Parker KE, Sugiarto E, Taylor AMW, Pradhan AA, Al-Hasani R. Pain, Motivation, Migraine, and the Microbiome: New Frontiers for Opioid Systems and Disease. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:433-444. [PMID: 32958571 DOI: 10.1124/mol.120.119438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades the broad role of opioids in addiction, neuropsychiatric disorders, and pain states has been somewhat well established. However, in recent years, with the rise of technological advances, not only is the existing dogma being challenged, but we are identifying new disease areas in which opioids play a critical role. This review highlights four new areas of exploration in the opioid field. The most recent addition to the opioid family, the nociceptin receptor system, shows promise as the missing link in understanding the neurocircuitry of motivation. It is well known that activation of the kappa opioid receptor system modulates negative affect and dysphoria, but recent studies now implicate the kappa opioid system in the modulation of negative affect associated with pain. Opioids are critical in pain management; however, the often-forgotten delta opioid receptor system has been identified as a novel therapeutic target for headache disorders and migraine. Lastly, changes to the gut microbiome have been shown to directly contribute to many of the symptoms of chronic opioid use and opioid related behaviors. This review summarizes the findings from each of these areas with an emphasis on identifying new therapeutic targets. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The focus of this minireview is to highlight new disease areas or new aspects of disease in which opioids have been implicated; this includes pain, motivation, migraine, and the microbiome. In some cases, this has resulted in the pursuit of a novel therapeutic target and resultant clinical trial. We believe this is very timely and will be a refreshing take on reading about opioids and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle E Parker
- Department of Anesthesiology and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri (K.E.P, R.A.-H.); Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (K.E.P., R.A.-H.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (E.S., A.M.W.T.); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (E.S., A.M.W.T.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (A.A.P.); and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri (R.A.-H.)
| | - Elizabeth Sugiarto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri (K.E.P, R.A.-H.); Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (K.E.P., R.A.-H.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (E.S., A.M.W.T.); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (E.S., A.M.W.T.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (A.A.P.); and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri (R.A.-H.)
| | - Anna M W Taylor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri (K.E.P, R.A.-H.); Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (K.E.P., R.A.-H.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (E.S., A.M.W.T.); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (E.S., A.M.W.T.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (A.A.P.); and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri (R.A.-H.)
| | - Amynah A Pradhan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri (K.E.P, R.A.-H.); Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (K.E.P., R.A.-H.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (E.S., A.M.W.T.); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (E.S., A.M.W.T.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (A.A.P.); and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri (R.A.-H.)
| | - Ream Al-Hasani
- Department of Anesthesiology and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri (K.E.P, R.A.-H.); Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (K.E.P., R.A.-H.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (E.S., A.M.W.T.); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (E.S., A.M.W.T.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (A.A.P.); and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri (R.A.-H.)
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196
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Antidepressant-like effect of hydroalcoholic extract from barks of Rapanea ferruginea: Role of monoaminergic system and effect of its isolated compounds myrsinoic acid A and B. Behav Brain Res 2020; 389:112601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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197
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Barthez S, Revet A, Chouchana L, Jonville-Bera AP, Pizzoglio V, Raynaud JP, Chebane L, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Montastruc F. Adverse drug reactions in infants, children and adolescents exposed to antidepressants: a French pharmacovigilance study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 76:1591-1599. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-020-02944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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198
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Watkins LR, Orlandi C. Orphan G Protein Coupled Receptors in Affective Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E694. [PMID: 32599826 PMCID: PMC7349732 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the main mediators of signal transduction in the central nervous system. Therefore, it is not surprising that many GPCRs have long been investigated for their role in the development of anxiety and mood disorders, as well as in the mechanism of action of antidepressant therapies. Importantly, the endogenous ligands for a large group of GPCRs have not yet been identified and are therefore known as orphan GPCRs (oGPCRs). Nonetheless, growing evidence from animal studies, together with genome wide association studies (GWAS) and post-mortem transcriptomic analysis in patients, pointed at many oGPCRs as potential pharmacological targets. Among these discoveries, we summarize in this review how emotional behaviors are modulated by the following oGPCRs: ADGRB2 (BAI2), ADGRG1 (GPR56), GPR3, GPR26, GPR37, GPR50, GPR52, GPR61, GPR62, GPR88, GPR135, GPR158, and GPRC5B.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesare Orlandi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
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199
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Mesripour A, Meshkati A, Hajhashemi V. A Synbiotic Mixture Augmented the Efficacy of Doxepin, Venlafaxine, and Fluvoxamine in a Mouse Model of Depression. Turk J Pharm Sci 2020; 17:293-298. [PMID: 32636707 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2019.94210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Currently available antidepressant drugs have notable downsides; in addition to their side effects and slow onset of action their moderate efficacy in some individuals may influence compliance. Previous literature has shown that probiotics may have antidepressant effects. Introducing complementary medicine in order to augment the efficacy of therapeutic doses of antidepressant drugs appears to be very important. Therefore, the effect of adding a synbiotic mixture to drinking water was assessed in a mouse model of depression following the administration of three antidepressant drugs belonging to different classes. Materials and Methods The marble burying test (MBT) and forced swimming test (FST) were used as animal models of obsessive behavior and despair. The synbiotic mixture was administered to the mice's drinking water (6.25x106 CFU) for 14 days and the tests were performed 30 min after the injection of the lowest dose of doxepin (1 mg/kg), venlafaxine (15 mg/kg), and fluvoxamine (15 mg/kg) on days 7 and 14. Results After 7 days of ingestion of the synbiotic mixture, immobility time decreased in the FST for doxepin (92±5.5 s) and venlafaxine (17.3±2.5 s) compared to the control group (drinking water), but fluvoxamine decreased immobility time after 14 days of ingestion of the synbiotic mixture (70±7.5 s). Preadministration of the synbiotic mixture improved the MBT test response for venlafaxine, while it did not change the results for the other two drugs. Conclusion Adding the synbiotic mixture to drinking water improved the efficacy of discrete antidepressant drugs particularly during the FST. Probiotics could be a useful complementary medicine for drug-resistant depressed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Mesripour
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Andiya Meshkati
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Valiollah Hajhashemi
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan, Iran
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Revet A, Montastruc F, Roussin A, Raynaud JP, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Nguyen TTH. Antidepressants and movement disorders: a postmarketing study in the world pharmacovigilance database. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:308. [PMID: 32546134 PMCID: PMC7298955 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02711-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antidepressants-induced movement disorders are rare and imperfectly known adverse drug reactions. The risk may differ between different antidepressants and antidepressants' classes. The objective of this study was to assess the putative association of each antidepressant and antidepressants' classes with movement disorders. METHODS Using VigiBase®, the WHO Pharmacovigilance database, disproportionality of movement disorders' reporting was assessed among adverse drug reactions related to any antidepressant, from January 1967 to February 2017, through a case/non-case design. The association between nine subtypes of movement disorders (akathisia, bruxism, dystonia, myoclonus, parkinsonism, restless legs syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, tics, tremor) and antidepressants was estimated through the calculation first of crude Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), then adjusted ROR on four potential confounding factors: age, sex, drugs described as able to induce movement disorders, and drugs used to treat movement disorders. RESULTS Out of the 14,270,446 reports included in VigiBase®, 1,027,405 (7.2%) contained at least one antidepressant, among whom 29,253 (2.8%) reported movement disorders. The female/male sex ratio was 2.15 and the mean age 50.9 ± 18.0 years. We found a significant increased ROR for antidepressants in general for all subtypes of movement disorders, with the highest association with bruxism (ROR 10.37, 95% CI 9.62-11.17) and the lowest with tics (ROR 1.49, 95% CI 1.38-1.60). When comparing each of the classes of antidepressants with the others, a significant association was observed for all subtypes of movement disorders except restless legs syndrome with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) only. Among antidepressants, mirtazapine, vortioxetine, amoxapine, phenelzine, tryptophan and fluvoxamine were associated with the highest level to movement disorders and citalopram, paroxetine, duloxetine and mirtazapine were the most frequently associated with movement disorders. An association was also found with eight other antidepressants. CONCLUSIONS A potential harmful association was found between movement disorders and use of the antidepressants mirtazapine, vortioxetine, amoxapine, phenelzine, tryptophan, fluvoxamine, citalopram, paroxetine, duloxetine, bupropion, clomipramine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, mianserin, sertraline, venlafaxine and vilazodone. Clinicians should beware of these adverse effects and monitor early warning signs carefully. However, this observational study must be interpreted as an exploratory analysis, and these results should be refined by future epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Revet
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, Centre de Pharmacovigilance, de Pharmacoépidémiologie et d'Informations sur le Médicament, CHU de Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine, Toulouse, France.
- UMR 1027, Inserm, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Place du Dr Baylac, TSA 40031, 31059, Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - François Montastruc
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, Centre de Pharmacovigilance, de Pharmacoépidémiologie et d'Informations sur le Médicament, CHU de Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine, Toulouse, France
- UMR 1027, Inserm, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- CIC 1436, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Roussin
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, Centre de Pharmacovigilance, de Pharmacoépidémiologie et d'Informations sur le Médicament, CHU de Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine, Toulouse, France
- UMR 1027, Inserm, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- CIC 1436, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Raynaud
- UMR 1027, Inserm, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Place du Dr Baylac, TSA 40031, 31059, Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Maryse Lapeyre-Mestre
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, Centre de Pharmacovigilance, de Pharmacoépidémiologie et d'Informations sur le Médicament, CHU de Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine, Toulouse, France
- UMR 1027, Inserm, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- CIC 1436, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Thi Thu Ha Nguyen
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, Centre de Pharmacovigilance, de Pharmacoépidémiologie et d'Informations sur le Médicament, CHU de Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine, Toulouse, France
- UMR 1027, Inserm, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
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