151
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Kling MJ, Kesherwani V, Mishra NK, Alexander G, McIntyre EM, Ray S, Challagundla KB, Joshi SS, Coulter DW, Chaturvedi NK. A novel dual epigenetic approach targeting BET proteins and HDACs in Group 3 (MYC-driven) Medulloblastoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:321. [DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02530-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Medulloblastoma (MB) patients with MYC oncogene amplification or overexpression exhibit extremely poor clinical outcomes and respond poorly to current therapies. Epigenetic deregulation is very common in MYC-driven MB. The bromodomain extra-terminal (BET) proteins and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic regulators of MYC transcription and its associated tumorigenic programs. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting the BET proteins and HDACs together in MB.
Methods
Using clinically relevant BET inhibitors (JQ1 or OTX015) and a pan-HDAC inhibitor (panobinostat), we evaluated the effects of combined inhibition on cell growth/survival in MYC-amplified MB cell lines and xenografts and examined underlying molecular mechanism(s).
Results
Co-treatment of JQ1 or OTX015 with panobinostat synergistically suppressed growth/survival of MYC-amplified MB cells by inducing G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Mechanistic investigation using RNA-seq revealed that co-treatment of JQ1 with panobinostat synergistically modulated global gene expression including MYC/HDAC targets. SYK and MSI1 oncogenes were among the top 50 genes synergistically downregulated by JQ1 and panobinostat. RT-PCR and western blot analyses confirmed that JQ1 and panobinostat synergistically inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of MSI1/SYK along with MYC expression. Reduced SYK/MSI expression after BET (specifically, BRD4) gene-knockdown further confirmed the epigenetic regulation of SYK and MSI1 genes. In addition, the combination of OTX015 and panobinostat significantly inhibited tumor growth in MYC-amplified MB xenografted mice by downregulating expression of MYC, compared to single-agent therapy.
Conclusions
Together, our findings demonstrated that dual-inhibition of BET and HDAC proteins of the epigenetic pathway can be a novel therapeutic approach against MYC-driven MB.
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152
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Chen PB, Fiaux PC, Zhang K, Li B, Kubo N, Jiang S, Hu R, Rooholfada E, Wu S, Wang M, Wang W, McVicker G, Mischel PS, Ren B. Systematic discovery and functional dissection of enhancers needed for cancer cell fitness and proliferation. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111630. [PMID: 36351387 PMCID: PMC9687083 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A scarcity of functionally validated enhancers in the human genome presents a significant hurdle to understanding how these cis-regulatory elements contribute to human diseases. We carry out highly multiplexed CRISPR-based perturbation and sequencing to identify enhancers required for cell proliferation and fitness in 10 human cancer cell lines. Our results suggest that the cell fitness enhancers, unlike their target genes, display high cell-type specificity of chromatin features. They typically adopt a modular structure, comprised of activating elements enriched for motifs of oncogenic transcription factors, surrounded by repressive elements enriched for motifs recognized by transcription factors with tumor suppressor functions. We further identify cell fitness enhancers that are selectively accessible in clinical tumor samples, and the levels of chromatin accessibility are associated with patient survival. These results reveal functional enhancers across multiple cancer cell lines, characterize their context-dependent chromatin organization, and yield insights into altered transcription programs in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poshen B Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Patrick C Fiaux
- Bioinformatics and System Biology Graduate Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Naoki Kubo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Emma Rooholfada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sihan Wu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Mengchi Wang
- Bioinformatics and System Biology Graduate Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bioinformatics and System Biology Graduate Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Graham McVicker
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bing Ren
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute of Genome Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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153
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Shi M, Ge Q, Wang X, Diao W, Yang B, Sun S, Wang G, Liu T, Chan AML, Gao Z, Wang Y, Wang Y. Functional analysis of the short splicing variant encoded by CHI3L1/YKL-40 in glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:910728. [PMID: 36408158 PMCID: PMC9666495 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.910728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycoprotein YKL-40 has been well studied as a serum biomarker of prognosis and disease status in glioblastoma. YKL-40 is a chitinase-like protein with defective chitinase activity that plays an important role in promoting cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The short variant (SV) of YKL-40, generated by an alternative splicing event that splices out exon 8, was reported in the early developing human musculoskeletal system, although its role in GBM is still unknown. Our results showed that individual glioblastoma cell lines displayed increased expression of the short variant of YKL-40 after low serum treatment. In addition, unlike the full-length (FL) version, which was localized to all cell compartments, the short isoform could not be secreted and was localized only to the cytoplasm. Functionally, FL YKL-40 promoted cell proliferation and migration, whereas SV YKL-40 suppressed them. Transcriptome analysis revealed that these opposing roles of the two isoforms may be modulated by differentially regulating several oncogenic-related pathways, including p53, the G2/M checkpoint, and MYC-related signaling. This study may provide new ideas for the development of targeted anti-YKL-40 therapy in GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Qianyun Ge
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xinrong Wang
- Community Healthcare Center, The Second People’s Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Wenbin Diao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ben Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Sipeng Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Guohui Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Tian Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrew Man-Lok Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhiqin Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yubing Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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154
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Sullivan DK, Deutzmann A, Yarbrough J, Krishnan MS, Gouw AM, Bellovin DI, Adam SJ, Liefwalker DF, Dhanasekaran R, Felsher DW. MYC oncogene elicits tumorigenesis associated with embryonic, ribosomal biogenesis, and tissue-lineage dedifferentiation gene expression changes. Oncogene 2022; 41:4960-4970. [PMID: 36207533 PMCID: PMC10257951 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
MYC is a transcription factor frequently overexpressed in cancer. To determine how MYC drives the neoplastic phenotype, we performed transcriptomic analysis using a panel of MYC-driven autochthonous transgenic mouse models. We found that MYC elicited gene expression changes mostly in a tissue- and lineage-specific manner across B-cell lymphoma, T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and lung adenocarcinoma. However, despite these gene expression changes being mostly tissue-specific, we uncovered a convergence on a common pattern of upregulation of embryonic stem cell gene programs and downregulation of tissue-of-origin gene programs across MYC-driven cancers. These changes are representative of lineage dedifferentiation, that may be facilitated by epigenetic alterations that occur during tumorigenesis. Moreover, while several cellular processes are represented among embryonic stem cell genes, ribosome biogenesis is most specifically associated with MYC expression in human primary cancers. Altogether, MYC's capability to drive tumorigenesis in diverse tissue types appears to be related to its ability to both drive a core signature of embryonic genes that includes ribosomal biogenesis genes as well as promote tissue and lineage specific dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaney K Sullivan
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Anja Deutzmann
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Josiah Yarbrough
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Maya S Krishnan
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Arvin M Gouw
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - David I Bellovin
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Stacey J Adam
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Daniel F Liefwalker
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Renumathy Dhanasekaran
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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155
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Dash BC, Korutla L, Vallabhajosyula P, Hsia HC. Unlocking the Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Wound Healing: The Next Frontier of Regenerative Medicine. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 11:622-638. [PMID: 34155919 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2021.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Nonhealing wounds are a significant burden for the health care system all over the world. Existing treatment options are not enough to promote healing, highlighting the urgent need for improved therapies. In addition, the current advancements in tissue-engineered skin constructs and stem cell-based therapies are facing significant hurdles due to the absence of a renewable source of functional cells. Recent Advances: Induced pluripotent stem cell technology (iPSC) is emerging as a novel tool to develop the next generation of personalized medicine for the treatment of chronic wounds. The iPSC provides unlimited access to various skin cells to generate complex personalized three-dimensional skin constructs for disease modeling and autologous grafts. Furthermore, the iPSC-based therapies can target distinct wound healing phases and have shown accelerating wound closure by enhancing angiogenesis, cell migration, tissue regeneration, and modulating inflammation. Critical Issues: Since the last decade, iPSC has been revolutionizing the field of wound healing and skin tissue engineering. Despite the current progress, safety and heterogeneity among iPSC lines are still major hurdles in addition to the lack of large animal studies. These challenges need to be addressed before translating an iPSC-based therapy to the clinic. Future Directions: Future considerations should be given to performing large animal studies to check the safety and efficiency of iPSC-based therapy in a wound healing setup. Furthermore, strategies should be developed to overcome variation between hiPSC lines, develop an efficient manufacturing process for iPSC-derived products, and generate complex skin constructs with vasculature and skin appendages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biraja C Dash
- Department of Surgery (Plastic), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Laxminarayana Korutla
- Department of Surgery (Cardiac), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Prashanth Vallabhajosyula
- Department of Surgery (Cardiac), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Henry C Hsia
- Department of Surgery (Plastic), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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156
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Urbanski L, Brugiolo M, Park S, Angarola BL, Leclair NK, Yurieva M, Palmer P, Sahu SK, Anczuków O. MYC regulates a pan-cancer network of co-expressed oncogenic splicing factors. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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157
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Targeting the cholesterol-RORα/γ axis inhibits colorectal cancer progression through degrading c-myc. Oncogene 2022; 41:5266-5278. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDysregulated cholesterol metabolism is a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the usage of cholesterol-lowering agents seemed to have no benefit in CRC patients. In this study, we focused on the cholesterol-nuclear receptors (NRs) axis as a strategy. Cholesterol and its derivatives work as ligands for different nuclear receptors, thus promoting cancer progression. The key NR downstream of cholesterol in CRC is unknown. Here, we treated CRC cells with a cholesterol-lowering agent and lipoprotein-depleted conditioned medium, and then detected the change of the putative NRs. The results revealed that RORα/γ (Retinoic acid receptor-related Orphan Receptor α/γ) levels exhibited the most obvious increases in CRC cells subjected them to cholesterol deprivation. RORα/γ agonists significantly inhibited CRC cells proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo. Also, RORα/γ overexpression repressed CRC cells proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo and RORα/γ knockdown promoted it. Mechanistically, RORα/γ agonists promoted c-myc degradation by activating the transcription of the ubiquitinase NEDD4. Intriguingly, the combination of RORα/γ agonists and atorvastatin had a synergistic effect on inhibiting CRC cells. These findings demonstrate that the cholesterol- RORα/γ axis is important for maintaining c-myc protein levels. Combination therapy with atorvastatin and RORα/γ agonist is a promising therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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158
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Ni YL, Chien PJ, Hsieh HC, Shen HT, Lee HT, Chen SM, Chang WW. Disulfiram/Copper Suppresses Cancer Stem Cell Activity in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Cells by Inhibiting BMI1 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13276. [PMID: 36362068 PMCID: PMC9654490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs), which have papillary and follicular types, are common endocrine malignancies worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a particular type of cancer cells within bulk tumors involved in cancer initiation, drug resistance, and metastasis. Cells with high intracellular aldehyde hydrogenase (ALDH) activity are a population of CSCs in DTCs. Disulfiram (DSF), an ALDH inhibitor used for the treatment of alcoholism, reportedly targets CSCs in various cancers when combined with copper. This study reported for the first time that DSF/copper can inhibit the proliferation of papillary and follicular DTC lines. DSF/copper suppressed thyrosphere formation, indicating the inhibition of CSC activity. Molecular mechanisms of DSF/copper involved downregulating the expression of B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (BMI1) and cell cycle-related proteins, including cyclin B2, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2, and CDK4, in a dose-dependent manner. BMI1 overexpression diminished the inhibitory effect of DSF/copper in the thyrosphere formation of DTC cells. BMI1 knockdown by RNA interference in DTC cells also suppressed the self-renewal capability. DSF/copper could inhibit the nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of c-Myc and the binding of E2F1 to the BMI1 promoter. Overexpression of c-Myc or E2F1 further abolished the inhibitory effect of DSF/copper on BMI1 expression, suggesting that the suppression of c-Myc and E2F1 by DSF/copper was involved in the downregulation of BMI1 expression. In conclusion, DSF/copper targets CSCs in DTCs by inhibiting c-Myc- or E2F1-mediated BMI1 expression. Therefore, DSF is a potential therapeutic agent for future therapy in DTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Lun Ni
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung City 427213, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Ju Chien
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402306, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chia Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402306, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Ting Shen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung City 427213, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Te Lee
- Institute of Anatomy & Cell Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City 112304, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Chen
- Bachelor Program in Health Care and Social Work for Indigenous Students, Providence University, Taichung City 433303, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402306, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 402306, Taiwan
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159
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Leoncini P, Vitullo P, Reddel S, Tocco V, Paganelli V, Stocchi F, Mariggiò E, Massa M, Nigita G, Veneziano D, Fadda P, Scarpa M, Pigazzi M, Bertaina A, Rota R, Pagliara D, Merli P. MicroRNA profiling of paediatric AML with FLT-ITD or MLL-rearrangements: Expression signatures and in vitro modulation of miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p with BRD4/HATs inhibitors. Oncol Rep 2022; 48:221. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Leoncini
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, I-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vitullo
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, I-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Sofia Reddel
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, I-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Tocco
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, I-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Paganelli
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, I-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Stocchi
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, I-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Mariggiò
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, I-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Massa
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nigita
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1239, USA
| | - Dario Veneziano
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1239, USA
| | - Paolo Fadda
- Genomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1239, USA
| | - Mario Scarpa
- Department of Biomedical Research, Urology Research laboratory, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martina Pigazzi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health (SDB), Hematology-Oncology Laboratory, University of Padova, I-35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Alice Bertaina
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, I-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Rota
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, I-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Daria Pagliara
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, I-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Merli
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, I-00146 Rome, Italy
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160
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Tian X, Suarez D, Thomson D, Li W, King EA, LaFrance L, Boehm J, Barton L, Di Marco C, Martyr C, Thalji R, Medina J, Knight S, Heerding D, Gao E, Nartey E, Cecconie T, Nixon C, Zhang G, Berrodin TJ, Phelps C, Patel A, Bai X, Lind K, Prabhu N, Messer J, Zhu Z, Shewchuk L, Reid R, Graves AP, McHugh C, Mangatt B. Discovery of Proline-Based p300/CBP Inhibitors Using DNA-Encoded Library Technology in Combination with High-Throughput Screening. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14391-14408. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Tian
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Dominic Suarez
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Douglas Thomson
- Cellzome GmbH, A GlaxoSmithKline Company, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William Li
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. King
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Louis LaFrance
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Jeffrey Boehm
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Linda Barton
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Christina Di Marco
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Cuthbert Martyr
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Reema Thalji
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Jesus Medina
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Steven Knight
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Dirk Heerding
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Enoch Gao
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Eldridge Nartey
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Ted Cecconie
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Christopher Nixon
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Thomas J. Berrodin
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Christopher Phelps
- New Chemical Entity Molecular Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, 200 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Amish Patel
- New Chemical Entity Molecular Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, 200 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Xiaopeng Bai
- New Chemical Entity Molecular Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, 200 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Ken Lind
- New Chemical Entity Molecular Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, 200 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Ninad Prabhu
- New Chemical Entity Molecular Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, 200 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Jeffrey Messer
- New Chemical Entity Molecular Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, 200 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Zhengrong Zhu
- New Chemical Entity Molecular Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, 200 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Lisa Shewchuk
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Rob Reid
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Alan P. Graves
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Charles McHugh
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Biju Mangatt
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
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161
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Shibata T, Cao DY, Dar TB, Ahmed F, Bhat SA, Veiras LC, Bernstein EA, Khan AA, Chaum M, Shiao SL, Tourtellotte WG, Giani JF, Bernstein KE, Cui X, Vail E, Khan Z. miR766-3p and miR124-3p Dictate Drug Resistance and Clinical Outcome in HNSCC. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5273. [PMID: 36358691 PMCID: PMC9655574 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly aggressive disease with poor prognosis, which is mainly due to drug resistance. The biology determining the response to chemo-radiotherapy in HNSCC is poorly understood. Using clinical samples, we found that miR124-3p and miR766-3p are overexpressed in chemo-radiotherapy-resistant (non-responder) HNSCC, as compared to responder tumors. Our study shows that inhibition of miR124-3p and miR766-3p enhances the sensitivity of HNSCC cell lines, CAL27 and FaDu, to 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (FP) chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In contrast, overexpression of miR766-3p and miR124-3p confers a resistance phenotype in HNSCC cells. The upregulation of miR124-3p and miR766-3p is associated with increased HNSCC cell invasion and migration. In a xenograft mouse model, inhibition of miR124-3p and miR766-3p enhanced the efficacy of chemo-radiotherapy with reduced growth of resistant HNSCC. For the first time, we identified that miR124-3p and miR766-3p attenuate expression of CREBRF and NR3C2, respectively, in HNSCC, which promotes aggressive tumor behavior by inducing the signaling axes CREB3/ATG5 and β-catenin/c-Myc. Since miR124-3p and miR766-3p affect complementary pathways, combined inhibition of these two miRNAs shows an additive effect on sensitizing cancer cells to chemo-radiotherapy. In conclusion, our study demonstrated a novel miR124-3p- and miR766-3p-based biological mechanism governing treatment-resistant HNSCC, which can be targeted to improve clinical outcomes in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Shibata
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Duo-Yao Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Tahir B. Dar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Faizan Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Shabir A. Bhat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Luciana C. Veiras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ellen A. Bernstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Abdul Arif Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manita Chaum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Stephen L. Shiao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Warren G. Tourtellotte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jorge F. Giani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Bernstein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Eric Vail
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Zakir Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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162
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Shah MA, Hamid A, Faheem HI, Rasul A, Baokbah TAS, Haris M, Yousaf R, Saleem U, Iqbal S, Alves MS, Khan Z, Hussain G, Alsharfi I, Khan H, Jeandet P. Uncovering the Anticancer Potential of Polydatin: A Mechanistic Insight. Molecules 2022; 27:7175. [PMID: 36364001 PMCID: PMC9656535 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydatin or 3-O-β-d-resveratrol-glucopyranoside (PD), a stilbenoid component of Polygonum cuspicadum (Polygonaceae), has a variety of biological roles. In traditional Chinese medicine, P. cuspicadum extracts are used for the treatment of infections, inflammation, and cardiovascular disorders. Polydatin possesses a broad range of biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and immunostimulatory effects. Currently, a major proportion of the population is victimized with cervical lung cancer, ovarian cancer and breast cancer. PD has been recognized as a potent anticancer agent. PD could effectively inhibit the migration and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells, as well as the expression of the PI3K protein. The malignancy of lung cancer cells was reduced after PD treatments via targeting caspase 3, arresting cancer cells at the S phase and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome by downregulation of the NF-κB pathway. This ceases cell cycle, inhibits VEGF, and counteracts ROS in breast cancer. It also prevents cervical cancer by regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis, and the C-Myc gene. The objective of this review is thus to unveil the polydatin anticancer potential for the treatment of various tumors, as well as to examine the mechanisms of action of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayesha Hamid
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Ishmal Faheem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Tourki A. S. Baokbah
- Department of Medical Emergency Services, College of Health Sciences-AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Haris
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiteit Gent, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Rimsha Yousaf
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shabnoor Iqbal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Maria Silvana Alves
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Bioactivity, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Zahid Khan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Karachi 75300, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ifat Alsharfi
- Department of Biology, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, USC INRAe 1488, 51100 Reims, France
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163
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Zhong WJ, Ma L, Yang F, Cao J, Tan J, Li B. Matrine, a potential c-Myc inhibitor, suppresses ribosome biogenesis and nucleotide metabolism in myeloid leukemia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1027441. [PMID: 36339620 PMCID: PMC9634663 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1027441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that matrine, a natural compound extracted from the herb Sophora flavescens, has a good anti-leukemia effect, but its key target and mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that only c-Myc could respond rapidly to matrine treatment in three myeloid leukemia cell lines, and matrine inhibited both transcription and translation of c-Myc. Ribosome biogenesis and nucleotide metabolism, the key downstream of c-Myc, were significantly suppressed after matrine treatment. Therefore, our results confirmed that matrine is a special c-Myc inhibitor which suppresses ribosome biogenesis and nucleotide metabolism by inhibiting c-Myc in myeloid leukemia. This study provides scientific basis for the development of matrine derivatives to c-Myc-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Jing Zhong
- Laboratory Center, Huizhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Lingdi Ma
- Laboratory Center, Huizhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Longhua Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Lingdi Ma,
| | - Fanfan Yang
- Laboratory Center, Huizhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Jialin Cao
- Laboratory Center, Huizhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Junyu Tan
- Laboratory Center, Huizhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Bohong Li
- Laboratory Center, Huizhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
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164
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Sularz O, Koronowicz A, Boycott C, Smoleń S, Stefanska B. Molecular Effects of Iodine-Biofortified Lettuce in Human Gastrointestinal Cancer Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:4287. [PMID: 36296971 PMCID: PMC9607317 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the growing number of cancer cases around the world, natural products from the diet that exhibit potential antitumor properties are of interest. Our previous research demonstrated that fortification with iodine compounds is an effective way to improve the antioxidant potential of lettuce. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of iodine-biofortified lettuce on antitumor properties in human gastrointestinal cancer cell lines, gastric AGS and colon HT-29. Our results showed that extracts from iodine-biofortified lettuce reduce the viability and proliferation of gastric and colon cancer cells. The extracts mediated cell cycle arrest which was accompanied by inactivation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and activation of caspases, as assessed by flow cytometry. However, extracts from lettuce fortified with organic forms of iodine acted more effectively than extracts from control and KIO3-enriched plants. Using quantitative PCR, we detected the increase in pro-apoptotic genes BAD, BAX and BID in AGS cells whereas up-regulation of cell cycle progression inhibitor CDKN2A and downregulation of pro-proliferative MDM2 in HT-29 cells. Interestingly, lettuce extracts led to down-regulation of pro-survival AKT1 and protooncogenic MDM2, which was consistent for extracts of lettuce fortified with organic form of iodine, 5-ISA, in both cell lines. MDM2 downregulation in HT-29 colon cancer cells was associated with RB1 upregulation upon 5-ISA-fortified lettuce extracts, which provides a link to the epigenetic regulation of tumor suppressor genes by RB/MDM2 pathway. Indeed, SEMA3A tumor suppressor gene was hypomethylated and upregulated in HT-29 cells treated with 5-ISA-fortified lettuce. Control lettuce exerted similar effects on RB/MDM2 pathway and SEMA3A epigenetic activation in HT-29 cells. Our findings suggest that lettuce as well as lettuce fortified with organic form of iodine, 5-ISA, may exert epigenetic anti-cancer effects that can be cancer type-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sularz
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 31-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Koronowicz
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 31-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Cayla Boycott
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sylwester Smoleń
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Stefanska
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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165
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Ma C, Li F, He Z, Zhao S. A more novel and powerful prognostic gene signature of lung adenocarcinoma determined from the immune cell infiltration landscape. Front Surg 2022; 9:1015263. [PMID: 36311939 PMCID: PMC9606711 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1015263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the leading histological subtype of lung cancer worldwide, causing high mortality each year. The tumor immune cell infiltration (ICI) is closely associated with clinical outcome with LUAD patients. The present study was designed to construct a gene signature based on the ICI of LUAD to predict prognosis. Methods Downloaded the raw data of three cohorts of the TCGA-LUAD, GSE72094, and GSE68465 and treat them as training cohort, validation cohort one, and validation cohort two for this research. Unsupervised clustering detailed grouped LUAD cases of the training cohort based on the ICI profile. The univariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier was adopted to identify potential prognostic genes from the differentially expressed genes recognized from the ICI clusters. A risk score-based prognostic signature was subsequently developed using LASSO-penalized Cox regression analysis. The Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox analysis, ROC, IAUC, and IBS were constructed to assess the ability to predict the prognosis and effects of clinical variables in another two independent validation cohorts. More innovatively, we searched similar papers in the most recent year and made comprehensive comparisons with ours. GSEA was used to discover the related signaling pathway. The immune relevant signature correlation identification and immune infiltrating analysis were used to evaluate the potential role of the signature for immunotherapy and recognize the critical immune cell that can influence the signature's prognosis capability. Results A signature composed of thirteen gene including ABCC2, CCR2, CERS4, CMAHP, DENND1C, ECT2, FKBP4, GJB3, GNG7, KRT6A, PCDH7, PLK1, and VEGFC, was identified as significantly associated with the prognosis in LUAD patients. The thirteen-gene signature exhibited independence in evaluating the prognosis of LUAD patients in our training and validation cohorts. Compared to our predecessors, our model has an advantage in predictive power. Nine well know immunotherapy targets, including TBX2, TNF, CTLA4, HAVCR2, GZMB, CD8A, PRF1, GZMA, and PDCD1 were recognized correlating with our signature. The mast cells were found to play vital parts in backing on the thirteen-gene signature's outcome predictive capacity. Conclusions Collectively, the current study indicated a robust thirteen-gene signature that can accurately predict LUAD prognosis, which is superior to our predecessors in predictive ability. The immune relevant signatures, TBX2, TNF, CTLA4, HAVCR2, GZMB, CD8A, PRF1, GZMA, PDCD1, and mast cells infiltrating were found closely correlate with the thirteen-gene signature's power.
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166
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Kim M, Singh M, Lee BK, Hibbs M, Richardson K, Ellies L, Wintle L, Stuart LM, Wang JY, Voon DC, Blancafort P, Wang J, Kim J, Leedman PJ, Woo AJ. A MYC-ZNF148-ID1/3 regulatory axis modulating cancer stem cell traits in aggressive breast cancer. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:60. [PMID: 36207293 PMCID: PMC9546828 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYC proto-oncogene (MYC) is one of the most frequently overexpressed genes in breast cancer that drives cancer stem cell-like traits, resulting in aggressive disease progression and poor prognosis. In this study, we identified zinc finger transcription factor 148 (ZNF148, also called Zfp148 and ZBP-89) as a direct target of MYC. ZNF148 suppressed cell proliferation and migration and was transcriptionally repressed by MYC in breast cancer. Depletion of ZNF148 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and CRISPR/Cas9 increased triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell proliferation and migration. Global transcriptome and chromatin occupancy analyses of ZNF148 revealed a central role in inhibiting cancer cell de-differentiation and migration. Mechanistically, we identified the Inhibitor of DNA binding 1 and 3 (ID1, ID3), drivers of cancer stemness and plasticity, as previously uncharacterized targets of transcriptional repression by ZNF148. Silencing of ZNF148 increased the stemness and tumorigenicity in TNBC cells. These findings uncover a previously unknown tumor suppressor role for ZNF148, and a transcriptional regulatory circuitry encompassing MYC, ZNF148, and ID1/3 in driving cancer stem cell traits in aggressive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijeong Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Manjot Singh
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Bum-Kyu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Moira Hibbs
- RPH Research Centre, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Kirsty Richardson
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Lesley Ellies
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Larissa Wintle
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Lisa M Stuart
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Jenny Y Wang
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Dominic C Voon
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Pilar Blancafort
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
- The Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Peter J Leedman
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia.
| | - Andrew J Woo
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia.
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia.
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167
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Wang X, Wei X, Cao Y, Xing P. ZNF33A Promotes Tumor Progression and BET Inhibitor Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1458-1469. [PMID: 35843263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of ZNF33A (Krüppel-type zinc finger 33A) promotes carcinogenesis in several malignant tumors. However, the biochemical role and clinical importance of ZNF33A in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) still need to be explored. In this study, overexpression of ZNF33A in TNBC patient tissues and cell lines led to a worse prognosis. ZNF33A promoted cell growth and facilitated the resistance of cancer cells to inhibitors of bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) in TNBC. ZNF33A also promoted the induction of c-Myc, the primary player for the resistance to BET inhibitors in TNBC. In conclusion, ZNF33A may be a tumor growth-promoting factor associated with TNBC prognosis, and ZNF33A repression may sensitize TNBC cells to BET inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaolin Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Peng Xing
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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168
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Demel UM, Wirth M, Yousefian S, Zhang L, Isaakidis K, Dönig J, Böger M, Singh N, Köse H, Haas S, Müller S, Schick M, Keller U. Small-molecule SUMO inhibition for biomarker-informed B-cell lymphoma therapy. Haematologica 2022; 108:555-567. [PMID: 36134453 PMCID: PMC9890013 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.280995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activity of the SUMOylation pathway has been associated with MYC overexpression and poor prognosis in aggressive B-cell lymphoma (BCL) and other malignancies. Recently developed small-molecule inhibitors of SUMOylation (SUMOi) target the heterodimeric E1 SUMO activation complex (SAE1/UBA2). Here, we report that activated MYC signaling is an actionable molecular vulnerability in vitro and in a preclinical murine in vivo model of MYC-driven BCL. While SUMOi conferred direct effects on MYC-driven lymphoma cells, SUMO inhibition also resulted in substantial remodeling of various subsets of the innate and specific immunity in vivo. Specifically, SUMOi increased the number of memory B cells as well as cytotoxic and memory T cells, subsets that are attributed a key role within a coordinated anti-tumor immune response. In summary, our data constitute pharmacologic SUMOi as a powerful therapy in a subset of BCL causing massive remodeling of the normal B-cell and T-cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta M. Demel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin,Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin
| | - Matthias Wirth
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin
| | - Schayan Yousefian
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin,Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin
| | - Konstandina Isaakidis
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin
| | - Judith Dönig
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Medical School, Frankfurt
| | - Marlitt Böger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin
| | - Nikita Singh
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin
| | - Hazal Köse
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin
| | - Simon Haas
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin,Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg,Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Medical School, Frankfurt
| | - Markus Schick
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin
| | - Ulrich Keller
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg.
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169
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Chen L, Dickerhoff J, Sakai S, Yang D. DNA G-Quadruplex in Human Telomeres and Oncogene Promoters: Structures, Functions, and Small Molecule Targeting. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2628-2646. [PMID: 36054116 PMCID: PMC9937053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA G-quadruplex secondary structures formed in guanine-rich human telomeres and oncogene promoters are functionally important and have emerged as a promising new class of cancer-specific drug targets. These globular intramolecular structures are stabilized by K+ or Na+ and form readily under physiological solution conditions. Moreover, G-quadruplexes are epigenetic features and can alter chromatin structure and function together with interactive proteins. Here, we discuss our efforts over the last two decades to understand the structures and functions of DNA G-quadruplexes formed in key oncogene promoters and human telomeres and their interactions with small molecules. Using high-field NMR spectroscopy, we determined the high-resolution structures of physiologically relevant telomeric G-quadruplexes in K+ solution with a major form (hybrid-2) and a minor form (hybrid-1), as well as a two-tetrad intermediate. The intrinsic structural polymorphism of telomeric DNA may be important for the biology of human telomeres, and we proposed a model for the interconversion. More recently, we have worked on G-quadruplexes of MYC, BCL2, PDGFR-β, VEGF, and k-RAS oncogene promoters. We determined the structure of the major G-quadruplex formed in the MYC promoter, a prototype for parallel G-quadruplexes. It is the first example of the parallel-stranded G3NG3 structure motif with a 1-nt loop, which is prevalent in promoter sequences and likely evolutionarily selected to initiate folding. Remarkably, the parallel MYC promoter G-quadruplexes are highly stable. Additionally, we determined the molecular structures of G-quadruplexes formed in human BCL2, VEGF, and PDGFR-β promoters, each adopting a unique structure. For example, the BCL2 promoter contains distinct interchangeable G-quadruplexes in two adjacent regions, suggesting precise regulation by different proteins. The PDGFR-β promoter adopts unique "broken-strand" and vacancy G-quadruplexes, which can be recognized by cellular guanine metabolites for a potential regulatory role.Structural information on G-quadruplexes in complex with small-molecules is critical for understanding specific recognition and structure-based rational drug design. Our studies show that many G-quadruplexes contain unique structural features such as capping and loop structures, allowing specific recognition by drugs and protein. This represents a paradigm shift in understanding DNA as a drug target: Rather than a uniform, nonselective binding site in duplex DNA, the G-quadruplex is being pursued as a new class of selectively targetable drug receptors. We focus on targeting the biologically relevant MYC promoter G-quadruplex (MycG4) with small molecules and have determined its first and additional drug complex structures. Very recently, we have discovered clinically tested indenoisoquinolines as strong MycG4 binders and potent MYC inhibitors. We have also discovered drugs targeting the unique dGMP-bound-vG4 formed in the PDGFR-β promoter. Moreover, we determined the complex structures of the first small molecules that specifically recognize the physiologically relevant human telomeric G-quadruplexes. Unlike the previously recognized dogma that the optimal G-quadruplex ligands are large aromatic or cyclic compounds, our results suggest that smaller asymmetric compounds with appropriate functional groups are better choices to specifically bind G-quadruplexes. This body of work lays a strong foundation for future work aimed at understanding the cellular functions of G-quadruplexes and G-quadruplex-targeted drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jonathan Dickerhoff
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Saburo Sakai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Biogeochemistry Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15, Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka-city, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Danzhou Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 201 University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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170
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Li ML, Yuan JM, Yuan H, Wu BH, Huang SL, Li QJ, Ou TM, Wang HG, Tan JH, Li D, Chen SB, Huang ZS. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of New Sugar-Substituted Imidazole Derivatives as Selective c-MYC Transcription Repressors Targeting the Promoter G-Quadruplex. J Med Chem 2022; 65:12675-12700. [PMID: 36121464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
c-MYC is a key driver of tumorigenesis. Repressing the transcription of c-MYC by stabilizing the G-quadruplex (G4) structure with small molecules is a potential strategy for cancer therapy. Herein, we designed and synthesized 49 new derivatives by introducing carbohydrates to our previously developed c-MYC G4 ligand 1. Among these compounds, 19a coupled with a d-glucose 1,2-orthoester displayed better c-MYC G4 binding, stabilization, and protein binding disruption abilities than 1. Our further evaluation indicated that 19a blocked c-MYC transcription by targeting the promoter G4, leading to c-MYC-dependent cancer cell death in triple-negative breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231. Also, 19a significantly inhibited tumor growth in the MDA-MB-231 mouse xenograft model accompanied by c-MYC downregulation. Notably, the safety of 19a was dramatically improved compared to 1. Our findings indicated that 19a could become a promising anticancer candidate, which suggested that introducing carbohydrates to improve the G4-targeting and antitumor activity is a feasible option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Lin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing-Mei Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bi-Han Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shi-Liang Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qing-Jiang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tian-Miao Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong-Gen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia-Heng Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ding Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuo-Bin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Shu Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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171
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Li D, Zhang Q, Li L, Chen K, Yang J, Dixit D, Gimple RC, Ci S, Lu C, Hu L, Gao J, Shan D, Li Y, Zhang J, Shi Z, Gu D, Yuan W, Wu Q, Yang K, Zhao L, Qiu Z, Lv D, Gao W, Yang H, Lin F, Wang Q, Man J, Li C, Tao W, Agnihotri S, Qian X, Shi Y, You Y, Zhang N, Rich JN, Wang X. β2-Microglobulin Maintains Glioblastoma Stem Cells and Induces M2-like Polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3321-3334. [PMID: 35841593 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a complex ecosystem that includes a heterogeneous tumor population and the tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME), prominently containing tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and microglia. Here, we demonstrated that β2-microglobulin (B2M), a subunit of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I), promotes the maintenance of stem-like neoplastic populations and reprograms the TIME to an anti-inflammatory, tumor-promoting state. B2M activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling by interacting with PIP5K1A in GBM stem cells (GSC) and promoting MYC-induced secretion of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1). Inhibition of B2M attenuated GSC survival, self-renewal, and tumor growth. B2M-induced TGFβ1 secretion activated paracrine SMAD and PI3K/AKT signaling in TAMs and promoted an M2-like macrophage phenotype. These findings reveal tumor-promoting functions of B2M and suggest that targeting B2M or its downstream axis may provide an effective approach for treating GBM. SIGNIFICANCE β2-microglobulin signaling in glioblastoma cells activates a PI3K/AKT/MYC/TGFβ1 axis that maintains stem cells and induces M2-like macrophage polarization, highlighting potential therapeutic strategies for targeting tumor cells and the immunosuppressive microenvironment in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqi Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kexin Chen
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junlei Yang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Deobrat Dixit
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shusheng Ci
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenfei Lu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lang Hu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiancheng Gao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Danyang Shan
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangqing Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center and School of Medicine, Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing, China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhumei Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Danling Gu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, The First people's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Linjie Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deguan Lv
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Wei Gao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Lin
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianghu Wang
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianghong Man
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojun Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center and School of Medicine, Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xu Qian
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Institute of Pathology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongping You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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172
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Lam L, Tien T, Wildung M, White L, Sellon RK, Fidel JL, Shelden EA. Comparative whole transcriptome analysis of gene expression in three canine soft tissue sarcoma types. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273705. [PMID: 36099287 PMCID: PMC9469979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas are pleiotropic tumors of mesenchymal cell origin. These tumors are rare in humans but common in veterinary practice, where they comprise up to 15% of canine skin and subcutaneous cancers. Because they present similar morphologies, primary sites, and growth characteristics, they are treated similarly, generally by surgical resection followed by radiation therapy. Previous studies have examined a variety of genetic changes as potential drivers of tumorigenesis and progression in soft tissue sarcomas as well as their use as markers for soft tissue sarcoma subtypes. However, few studies employing next generation sequencing approaches have been published. Here, we have examined gene expression patterns in canine soft tissue sarcomas using RNA-seq analysis of samples obtained from archived formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumors. We provide a computational framework for using resulting data to categorize tumors, perform cross species comparisons and identify genetic changes associated with tumorigenesis. Functional overrepresentation analysis of differentially expressed genes further implicate both common and tumor-type specific transcription factors as potential mediators of tumorigenesis and aggression. Implications for tumor-type specific therapies are discussed. Our results illustrate the potential utility of this approach for the discovery of new therapeutic approaches to the management of canine soft tissue sarcomas and support the view that both common and tumor-type specific mechanisms drive the development of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Lam
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Tien Tien
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Mark Wildung
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Laura White
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Rance K. Sellon
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Janean L. Fidel
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Eric A. Shelden
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
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173
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Marx OM, Mankarious MM, Eshelman MA, Ding W, Koltun WA, Yochum GS. Transcriptome Analyses Identify Deregulated MYC in Early Onset Colorectal Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1223. [PMID: 36139061 PMCID: PMC9496520 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a global decrease in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, the prevalence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), or those occurring in individuals before the age of 50, has steadily increased over the past several decades. When compared to later onset colorectal cancer (LOCRC) in individuals over 50, our understanding of the genetic and molecular underpinnings of EOCRCs is limited. Here, we conducted transcriptomic analyses of patient-matched normal colonic segments and tumors to identify gene expression programs involved in carcinogenesis. Amongst differentially expressed genes, we found increased expression of the c-MYC proto-oncogene (MYC) and its downstream targets in tumor samples. We identified tumors with high and low differential MYC expression and found patients with high-MYC tumors were older and overweight or obese. We also detected elevated expression of the PVT1 long-non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in most tumors and found gains in copy number for both MYC and PVT1 gene loci in 35% of tumors evaluated. Our transcriptome analyses indicate that EOCRC can be sub-classified into groups based on differential MYC expression and suggest that deregulated MYC contributes to CRCs that develop in younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M. Marx
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Marc M. Mankarious
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Melanie A. Eshelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Walter A. Koltun
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Gregory S. Yochum
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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174
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Wolff DW, Bianchi-Smiraglia A, Nikiforov MA. Compartmentalization and regulation of GTP in control of cellular phenotypes. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:758-769. [PMID: 35718686 PMCID: PMC9420775 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of enzymes involved in GTP biosynthesis has substantial biological effects, underlining the need to better understand the function of GTP levels in regulation of cellular processes and the significance of targeting GTP biosynthesis enzymes for therapeutic intervention. Our current understanding of spatiotemporal regulation of GTP metabolism and its role in physiological and pathological cellular processes is far from complete. Novel methodologies such as genetically encoded sensors of free GTP offered insights into intracellular distribution and function of GTP molecules. In the current Review, we provide analysis of recent discoveries in the field of GTP metabolism and evaluate the key enzymes as molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Wolff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Anna Bianchi-Smiraglia
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Mikhail A Nikiforov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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175
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A Potential Four-Gene Signature and Nomogram for Predicting the Overall Survival of Papillary Thyroid Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8735551. [PMID: 36193505 PMCID: PMC9526076 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8735551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Although the prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is relatively good, some patients experience recurrence or distant metastasis after thyroidectomy and progress to radioactive iodine refractory stage. Therefore, accurate prediction of clinical outlook can aid to screen out the minority of patients with poorer prognosis and avoid excessive treatment in low-risk patients. Methods. The RNA-seq and clinical data of PTC patients was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. Multivariate and Lasso Cox regression analyses were used to construct a prognostic nomogram to predict overall survival (OS). Thereafter, quantitative RT-PCR and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database were employed to verify the expression of key genes. Results. A four-gene risk score comprising ABI3BP, DPT, MRO, and TENM1 was exhibited strong prognostic value. Moreover, an integrated nomogram was established based on the risk score, age, AJCC (American Joint Commission on Cancer) stage, tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, and history of neoadjuvant treatment, which exhibited significantly better predictive performance than TNM stage system (
). GSEA (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis) and GSVA (Gene Set Variation Analysis) revealed that the different tumor-associated hallmarks, biological processes, and pathways were substantially enriched in the poor-prognosis group. In addition, a ceRNA network was constructed by including the four genes (ABI3BP, DPT, MRO, and TENM1), 54 lncRNAs, and 10 miRNAs. Finally, both the relative mRNA and protein expression of ABI3BP, DPT, MRO, and TENM1 were validated. Conclusion. The present study identified a four-gene risk signature and developed a novel nomogram, which could be regarded as a reliable prognostic model for PTC patients. The findings also revealed preliminary potential mechanisms that may influence the prognosis outcome. These results can be conducive to design personalized treatment and prognosis management in affected patients.
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Zhao X, Shu D, Sun W, Si S, Ran W, Guo B, Cui L. PLEK2 promotes cancer stemness and tumorigenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via the c-Myc-mediated positive feedback loop. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 42:987-1007. [PMID: 36002342 PMCID: PMC9558684 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most frequent malignancies worldwide and is characterized by unfavorable prognosis, high lymph node metastasis and early recurrence. However, the molecular events regulating HNSCC tumorigenesis remain poorly understood. Therefore, uncovering the underlying mechanisms is urgently needed to identify novel and promising therapeutic targets for HNSCC. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of pleckstrin‐2 (PLEK2) in regulating HNSCC tumorigenesis. Methods The expression pattern of PLEK2 and its clinical significance in HNSCC were determined by analyzing publicly assessable datasets and our own independent HNSCC cohort. In vitro and in vivo experiments, including cell proliferation, colony formation, Matrigel invasion, tumor sphere formation, ALDEFLUOR, Western blotting assays and xenograft mouse models, were used to investigate the role of PLEK2 in regulating the malignant behaviors of HNSCC cells. The underlying molecular mechanisms for the tumor‐promoting role of PLEK2 were elucidated using co‐immunoprecipitation, cycloheximide chase analysis, ubiquitination assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction, luciferase reporter assays and rescue experiments. Results The expression levels of PLEK2 mRNA and protein were significantly increased in HNSCC tissues, and PLEK2 overexpression was strongly associated with poor overall survival and therapeutic resistance. Additionally, PLEK2 was important for maintaining the proliferation, invasion, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, cancer stemness and tumorigenesis of HNSCC cells and could alter the cellular metabolism of the cancer cells. Mechanistically, PLEK2 interacted with c‐Myc and reduced the association of F‐box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7) with c‐Myc, thereby avoiding ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome‐mediated degradation of c‐Myc. Moreover, the c‐Myc signaling activated by PLEK2 was important for sustaining the aggressive malignant phenotypes and tumorigenesis of HNSCC cells. c‐Myc also directly bounded to the PLEK2 promoter and activated its transcription, forming a positive feedback loop. Conclusions Collectively, these findings uncover a previously unknown molecular basis of PLEK2‐enhanced c‐Myc signaling in HNSCC, suggesting that PLEK2 may represent a promising therapeutic target for treating HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Dalong Shu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Si
- Department of Oral Emergency, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China.,Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, P. R. China.,Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
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177
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Immunogenic Cell Death Enhances Immunotherapy of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma: From Preclinical to Clinical Studies. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091762. [PMID: 36145510 PMCID: PMC9502387 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is the most lethal tumor involving the pediatric central nervous system. The median survival of children that are diagnosed with DIPG is only 9 to 11 months. More than 200 clinical trials have failed to increase the survival outcomes using conventional cytotoxic or myeloablative chemotherapy. Immunotherapy presents exciting therapeutic opportunities against DIPG that is characterized by unique and heterogeneous features. However, the non-inflammatory DIPG microenvironment greatly limits the role of immunotherapy in DIPG. Encouragingly, the induction of immunogenic cell death, accompanied by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) shows satisfactory efficacy of immune stimulation and antitumor strategies. This review dwells on the dilemma and advances in immunotherapy for DIPG, and the potential efficacy of immunogenic cell death (ICD) in the immunotherapy of DIPG.
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178
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Hu X, Liu R, Hou J, Peng W, Wan S, Xu M, Li Y, Zhang G, Zhai X, Liang P, Cui H. SMARCE1 promotes neuroblastoma tumorigenesis through assisting MYCN-mediated transcriptional activation. Oncogene 2022; 41:4295-4306. [PMID: 35978151 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SMARCE1 gene, encoding a core subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, is situated on chromosome 17q21-ter region that is frequently gained in neuroblastoma. However, its role in the tumorigenesis remains unknown. Here, we showed that high expression of SMARCE1 was associated with poor prognosis of patients with neuroblastoma, especially those with MYCN amplification. Knockdown of SMARCE1 reduced proliferation, colony formation, and tumorigenicity of neuroblastoma cells. Mechanistically, SMARCE1 directly interacted with MYCN, which was necessary for MYCN-mediated transcriptional activation of downstream target genes including PLK1, ODC1, and E2F2. Overexpression of PLK1, ODC1 or E2F2 significantly reversed the inhibiting effect of SMARCE1 knockdown on the proliferation, colony formation, and tumorigenicity of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, we revealed that MYCN directly regulated SMARCE1 transcription through binding to a non-canonical E-box of SMARCE1 promoter, thus enhancing SMARCE1-MYCN cooperativity. These findings establish SMARCE1 is a critical oncogenic factor in neuroblastoma and provide a new potential target for treatment of neuroblastoma with 17q21-ter gain and MYCN amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Ruochen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jianbing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Sicheng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Minghao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yongsen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xuan Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China. .,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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179
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Wong LS, Wei L, Wang G, Law CT, Tsang FHC, Chin WC, Ng IOL, Wong CM. In Vivo Genome-Wide CRISPR Activation Screening Identifies Functionally Important Long Noncoding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:1053-1076. [PMID: 35944892 PMCID: PMC9490101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are found to have profound impacts on diverse cellular processes. Although high-throughput sequencing studies have shown the differential lncRNA expression profiles between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and nontumor livers, the functional impacts of lncRNAs on HCC development await further investigation. Herein, we sought to address the functional roles of lncRNAs in HCC pathogenesis by in vivo functional screening. METHODS We performed genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/dead CRISPR-associated protein 9 (dCas9) lncRNA activation screening in HCC xenografts. We characterized the clinical relevance of positively selected lncRNAs using transcriptomic data sets. We used CRISPR-based gene activation and knockdown approaches to show the functional roles of positively selected lncRNAs including Cancer Susceptibility 11 (CASC11) in HCC. RNA sequencing and chromatin isolation by RNA purification sequencing were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms of CASC11 in HCC progression. RESULTS The in vivo functional screening identified 1603 positively selected lncRNAs, 538 of which were overexpressed in HCC patients. Systematic transcriptomic data analysis and clinical investigation showed that patients with high expression of these lncRNA candidates correlated with aggressive tumor behaviors. Overexpression of these lncRNAs aggravated HCC cell growth. Detailed characterization of a lncRNA candidate, CASC11, showed its pivotal role in cell proliferation and tumor growth. Mechanistically, chromatin isolation by RNA purification sequencing showed that CASC11 was bound to the CASC11/MYC proto-oncogene shared promoter region on chromosome 8q24. CASC11 modulated the transcriptional activity of MYC in a cis-regulatory manner, which affected the expression of MYC downstream target genes, consequently promoting G1/S progression. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed the power of in vivo CRISPR screening, which comprehensively investigated the functionality of lncRNAs in HCC progression, providing a rationale for targeting these lncRNAs clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok-Sze Wong
- The State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Department of Pathology, Li-Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Lai Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Department of Pathology, Li-Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Gengchao Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Department of Pathology, Li-Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Cheuk-Ting Law
- The State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Department of Pathology, Li-Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Felice Ho-Ching Tsang
- The State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Department of Pathology, Li-Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Ching Chin
- The State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Department of Pathology, Li-Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- The State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Department of Pathology, Li-Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Ming Wong
- The State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Department of Pathology, Li-Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong.
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Hakiminia B, Alikiaii B, Khorvash F, Mousavi S. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: From mechanistic view to targeted therapeutic opportunities. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:612-662. [PMID: 35118714 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most prevalent causes of permanent physical and cognitive disabilities. TBI pathology results from primary insults and a multi-mechanistic biochemical process, termed as secondary brain injury. Currently, there are no pharmacological agents for definitive treatment of patients with TBI. This article is presented with the purpose of reviewing molecular mechanisms of TBI pathology, as well as potential strategies and agents against pathological pathways. In this review article, materials were obtained by searching PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. This search was considered without time limitation. Evidence indicates that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are two key mediators of the secondary injury cascade in TBI pathology. TBI-induced oxidative damage results in the structural and functional impairments of cellular and subcellular components, such as mitochondria. Impairments of mitochondrial electron transfer chain and mitochondrial membrane potential result in a vicious cycle of free radical formation and cell apoptosis. The results of some preclinical and clinical studies, evaluating mitochondria-targeted therapies, such as mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and compounds with pleiotropic effects after TBI, are promising. As a proposed strategy in recent years, mitochondria-targeted multipotential therapy is a new hope, waiting to be confirmed. Moreover, based on the available findings, biologics, such as stem cell-based therapy and transplantation of mitochondria are novel potential strategies for the treatment of TBI; however, more studies are needed to clearly confirm the safety and efficacy of these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Hakiminia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Babak Alikiaii
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariborz Khorvash
- Department of Neurology, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sarah Mousavi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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181
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Nanoparticles-Based Strategies to Improve the Delivery of Therapeutic Small Interfering RNA in Precision Oncology. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081586. [PMID: 36015212 PMCID: PMC9415718 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) can selectively suppress the expression of disease-causing genes, holding great promise in the treatment of human diseases, including malignant cancers. In recent years, with the development of chemical modification and delivery technology, several siRNA-based therapeutic drugs have been approved for the treatment of non-cancerous liver diseases. Nevertheless, the clinical development of siRNA-based cancer therapeutics remains a major translational challenge. The main obstacles of siRNA therapeutics in oncology include both extracellular and intracellular barriers, such as instability under physiological conditions, insufficient tumor targeting and permeability (particularly for extrahepatic tumors), off-target effects, poor cellular uptake, and inefficient endosomal escape. The development of clinically suitable and effective siRNA delivery systems is expected to overcome these challenges. Herein, we mainly discuss recent strategies to improve the delivery and efficacy of therapeutic siRNA in cancer, including the application of non-viral nanoparticle-based carriers, the selection of target genes for therapeutic silencing, and the combination with other therapeutic modalities. In addition, we also provide an outlook on the ongoing challenges and possible future developments of siRNA-based cancer therapeutics during clinical translation.
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182
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Assessing comparative importance of DNA sequence and epigenetic modifications on gene expression using a deep convolutional neural network. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3814-3823. [PMID: 35891778 PMCID: PMC9307602 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. DNA sequence and epigenetic modifications are key factors which regulate gene transcription. Understanding their complex interactions and their respective contributions to gene expression regulation remains a challenge in biological studies. We have developed iSEGnet, a framework of deep convolutional neural network to predict mRNA abundance using the information on DNA sequences as well as epigenetic modifications within genes and their cis-regulatory regions. We demonstrate that our framework outperforms other machine learning models in terms of predicting mRNA abundance using transcriptional and epigenetic profiles from six distinct cell lines/types chosen from the ENCODE. The analysis from the learned models also reveals that specific regions around promotors and transcription termination sites are most important for gene expression regulation. Using the method of Integrated Gradients, we identify narrow segments in these regions which are most likely to impact gene expression for a specific epigenetic modification. We further show that these identified segments are enriched in known active regulatory regions by comparing the transcription factor binding sites obtained via ChIP-seq. Moreover, we demonstrate how iSEGnet can uncover potential transcription factors that have regulatory functions in cancer using two cancer multi-omics data.
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183
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Ren H, Zheng J, Cheng Q, Yang X, Fu Q. Establishment of a Necroptosis-Related Prognostic Signature to Reveal Immune Infiltration and Predict Drug Sensitivity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:900713. [PMID: 35957699 PMCID: PMC9357940 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.900713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common type of primary liver cancer and has a poor prognosis. In recent times, necroptosis has been reported to be involved in the progression of multiple cancers. However, the role of necroptosis in HCC prognosis remains elusive.Methods: The RNA-seq data and clinical information of HCC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and prognosis-related genes were explored, and the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering algorithm was applied to divide HCC patients into different subtypes. Based on the prognosis-related DEGs, univariate Cox and LASSO Cox regression analyses were used to construct a necroptosis-related prognostic model. The relationship between the prognostic model and immune cell infiltration, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and drug response were explored.Results: In this study, 13 prognosis-related DEGs were confirmed from 18 DEGs and 24 prognostic-related genes. Based on the prognosis-related DEGs, patients in the TCGA cohort were clustered into three subtypes by the NMF algorithm, and patients in C3 had better survival. A necroptosis-related prognostic model was established according to LASSO analysis, and HCC patients in TCGA and ICGC were divided into high- and low-risk groups. Kaplan–Meier (K–M) survival analysis revealed that patients in the high-risk group had a shorter survival time compared to those in the low-risk group. Using univariate and multivariate Cox analyses, the prognostic model was identified as an independent prognostic factor and had better survival predictive ability in HCC patients compared with other clinical biomarkers. Furthermore, the results revealed that the high-risk patients had higher stromal, immune, and ESTIMATE scores; higher TP53 mutation rate; higher TMB; and lower tumor purities compared to those in the low-risk group. In addition, there were significant differences in predicting the drug response between the high- and low-risk groups. The protein and mRNA levels of these prognostic genes were upregulated in HCC tissues compared to normal liver tissues.Conclusion: We established a necroptosis-related prognostic signature that may provide guidance for individualized drug therapy in HCC patients; however, further experimentation is needed to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianglin Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qin Fu,
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184
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Efficient Identification of the MYC Regulator with the Use of the CRISPR Library and Context-Matched Database Screenings. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147723. [PMID: 35887071 PMCID: PMC9317319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is a major oncogene that plays an important role in cell proliferation in human cancers. Therefore, the mechanism behind MYC regulation is a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. Comprehensive and efficient screening of MYC regulators is needed, and we had previously established a promoter screening system using fluorescent proteins and the CRISPR library. For the efficient identification of candidate genes, a database was used, for which mRNA expression was correlated with MYC using datasets featuring “Similar” and “Not exactly similar” contexts. INTS14 and ERI2 were identified using datasets featuring the “Similar” context group, and INTS14 and ERI2 were capable of enhancing MYC promoter activity. In further database analysis of human cancers, a higher expression of MYC mRNA was observed in the INTS14 mRNA high-expressing prostate and liver cancers. The knockdown of INTS14 in prostate cell lines resulted in decreased MYC mRNA and protein expression and also induced G0/1 arrest. This study confirmed that CRISPR screening combined with context-matched database screening is effective in identifying genes that regulate the MYC promoter. This method can be applied to other genes and is expected to be useful in identifying the regulators of other proto-oncogenes.
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185
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Construction of a Novel MYC-Associated ceRNA Regulatory Network to Identify Prognostic Biomarkers in Colon Adenocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3216285. [PMID: 35847359 PMCID: PMC9277212 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3216285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) includes colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and rectal adenocarcinoma (READ). Competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) is crucial for cancer pathogenesis. Abnormal expression of MYC is generally associated with a poor colon adenocarcinoma prognosis. The present study aimed to identify a novel MYC-associated ceRNA regulatory network and identify potential prognostic markers associated with COAD. We obtained the transcriptome sequencing profiles of 462 COAD cases from the TCGA database and analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MYC high expression (MYChigh) and MYC low expression (Myclow) tumors. We identified an important lncRNA, LINC00114, which effectively predicts overall survival and plays a protective role in COAD. Moreover, the LINC00114/miR-216a-5p axis was identified as a clinical prognostic model. The predicted target genes of the LINC00114/miR-216a-5p axis include uromodulin Like 1 (UMODL1) and oncoprotein induced transcript 3 (OIT3), which are closely related to the survival and prognosis of COAD patients. In summary, we constructed a novel ceRNA regulatory network and identified potential biomarkers for the targeted therapy and prognosis of COAD.
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186
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Torres A, Pedersen B, Cobo I, Ai R, Coras R, Murillo-Saich J, Nygaard G, Sanchez-Lopez E, Murphy A, Wang W, Firestein GS, Guma M. Epigenetic Regulation of Nutrient Transporters in Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1159-1171. [PMID: 35128827 PMCID: PMC9246826 DOI: 10.1002/art.42077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since previous studies indicate that metabolism is altered in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), we undertook this study to determine if changes in the genome-wide chromatin and DNA states in genes associated with nutrient transporters could help to identify activated metabolic pathways in RA FLS. METHODS Data from a previous comprehensive epigenomic study in FLS were analyzed to identify differences in genome-wide states and gene transcription between RA and osteoarthritis. We utilized the single nearest genes to regions of interest for pathway analyses. Homer promoter analysis was used to identify enriched motifs for transcription factors. The role of solute carrier transporters and glutamine metabolism dependence in RA FLS was determined by small interfacing RNA knockdown, functional assays, and incubation with CB-839, a glutaminase inhibitor. We performed 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance to quantify metabolites. RESULTS The unbiased pathway analysis demonstrated that solute carrier-mediated transmembrane transport was one pathway associated with differences in at least 4 genome-wide states or gene transcription. Thirty-four transporters of amino acids and other nutrients were associated with a change in at least 4 epigenetic marks. Functional assays revealed that solute carrier family 4 member 4 (SLC4A4) was critical for invasion, and glutamine was sufficient as an alternate source of energy to glucose. Experiments with CB-839 demonstrated decreased RA FLS invasion and proliferation. Finally, we found enrichment of motifs for c-Myc in several nutrient transporters. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that changes in the epigenetic landscape of genes are related to nutrient transporters, and metabolic pathways can be used to identify RA-specific targets, including critical solute carrier transporters, enzymes, and transcription factors, to develop novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Torres
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Brian Pedersen
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Isidoro Cobo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rizi Ai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Roxana Coras
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica Murillo-Saich
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gyrid Nygaard
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gary S Firestein
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Monica Guma
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- VA Medical Center, San Diego, California
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187
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Metabolic modeling-based drug repurposing in Glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11189. [PMID: 35778411 PMCID: PMC9249780 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14721-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The manifestation of intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity hinders the development of ubiquitous cancer treatments, thus requiring a tailored therapy for each cancer type. Specifically, the reprogramming of cellular metabolism has been identified as a source of potential drug targets. Drug discovery is a long and resource-demanding process aiming at identifying and testing compounds early in the drug development pipeline. While drug repurposing efforts (i.e., inspecting readily available approved drugs) can be supported by a mechanistic rationale, strategies to further reduce and prioritize the list of potential candidates are still needed to facilitate feasible studies. Although a variety of ‘omics’ data are widely gathered, a standard integration method with modeling approaches is lacking. For instance, flux balance analysis is a metabolic modeling technique that mainly relies on the stoichiometry of the metabolic network. However, exploring the network’s topology typically neglects biologically relevant information. Here we introduce Transcriptomics-Informed Stoichiometric Modelling And Network analysis (TISMAN) in a recombinant innovation manner, allowing identification and validation of genes as targets for drug repurposing using glioblastoma as an exemplar.
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188
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Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibition reveals metabolic vulnerability in chronic myeloid leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:576. [PMID: 35773274 PMCID: PMC9247109 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of different generations of BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has led to the high overall survival of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. However, there are CML patients who show resistance to TKI therapy and are prone to progress to more advanced phases of the disease. So, implementing an alternative approach for targeting TKIs insensitive cells would be of the essence. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway that is located in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Here, we found that CML cells are vulnerable to DHODH inhibition mediated by Meds433, a new and potent DHODH inhibitor recently developed by our group. Meds433 significantly activates the apoptotic pathway and leads to the reduction of amino acids and induction of huge metabolic stress in CML CD34+ cells. Altogether, our study shows that DHODH inhibition is a promising approach for targeting CML stem/progenitor cells and may help more patients discontinue the therapy.
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189
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Lin G, Xinhe Z, Haoyu T, Yiling L. Aberrantly methylated-differentially expressed genes and related pathways in cholangiocarcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29379. [PMID: 35758372 PMCID: PMC9276268 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore aberrantly methylated-differentially expressed genes and related pathways in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).The mRNA expression data (GSE26566) and methylation profiling data (GSE44965) were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Datasets. Differentially expressed genes and differentially methylated genes were identified using GEO2R. Gene ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed using clusterprofiler in R. MCODE clustering tool was used to screen modules of the protein-protein interaction network in Cytoscape. Related pathways of hub gene by using gene set enrichment analysis.Eighty-one hypermethylated, lowly expressed genes (Hyper-LGs) and 76 hypomethylated, highly expressed genes (Hypo-HGs) were identified in this study. Hyper-LGs were enriched in ion channel binding and transcription factor activity, which was associated with Mineral absorption and Cell adhesion molecules. Hypo-HGs were enriched in cysteine-type endopeptidase activity, which was associated with Sphingolipid signaling pathway and T cell receptor signaling pathway. Based on protein-protein interaction networks, MYC and VWF were identified as hub genes for Hyper-LGs, and no hub genes for Hypo-HGs.This study found methylated-differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways that are connected with the CCA by using a series of bioinformatics databases and tools. MYC and VWF act as hub genes of CCA, which can be used as biomarkers based on aberrant methylation for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Lin
- Gastroenterology Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhang Xinhe
- Gastroenterology Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tian Haoyu
- The 3rd Clinical Department of China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Li Yiling
- Gastroenterology Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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190
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Wang X, Luan Y, Yue F. EagleC: A deep-learning framework for detecting a full range of structural variations from bulk and single-cell contact maps. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn9215. [PMID: 35704579 PMCID: PMC9200291 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn9215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The Hi-C technique has been shown to be a promising method to detect structural variations (SVs) in human genomes. However, algorithms that can use Hi-C data for a full-range SV detection have been severely lacking. Current methods can only identify interchromosomal translocations and long-range intrachromosomal SVs (>1 Mb) at less-than-optimal resolution. Therefore, we develop EagleC, a framework that combines deep-learning and ensemble-learning strategies to predict a full range of SVs at high resolution. We show that EagleC can uniquely capture a set of fusion genes that are missed by whole-genome sequencing or nanopore. Furthermore, EagleC also effectively captures SVs in other chromatin interaction platforms, such as HiChIP, Chromatin interaction analysis with paired-end tag sequencing (ChIA-PET), and capture Hi-C. We apply EagleC in more than 100 cancer cell lines and primary tumors and identify a valuable set of high-quality SVs. Last, we demonstrate that EagleC can be applied to single-cell Hi-C and used to study the SV heterogeneity in primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yu Luan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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191
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Li J, Pan J, Liu Y, Luo X, Yang C, Xiao W, Li Q, Yang L, Zhang X. 3‑Bromopyruvic acid regulates glucose metabolism by targeting the c‑Myc/TXNIP axis and induces mitochondria‑mediated apoptosis in TNBC cells. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:520. [PMID: 35837063 PMCID: PMC9257941 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis is commonly observed in tumor cells, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, and the rate of aerobic glycolysis is higher in TNBC cells than in non-TNBC cells. Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway and a target of the transcription factor c-Myc, which is highly expressed in TNBC and promotes aerobic glycolysis by enhancing HK2 expression. As an inhibitor of HK2, 3-bromopyruvic acid (3-BrPA) exhibits good therapeutic efficacy in intrahepatic and extrahepatic tumors and inhibits the proliferation of human tumor cells with high expression levels of c-Myc in vivo and in vitro. In addition, 3-BrPA combines with photodynamic therapy to inhibit TNBC cell migration. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) competes with c-Myc to reduce glucose consumption in tumor cells to restrain cell proliferation. A comparative analysis was performed in the present study in TNBC (HCC1143) and non-TNBC (MCF-7) cell lines to explore the effect of 3-BrPA on energy metabolism in TNBC cells and to investigate the possible mechanism of action. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected through Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Expression levels of HK2, glucose transporter 1, TXNIP, c-Myc and mitochondria-regulated apoptosis pathway proteins were measured through western blotting. 3-BrPA inhibited cell proliferation, downregulated c-Myc and HK2 expression, and upregulated TXNIP expression in TNBC cells, but it doesn't have the same effect on non-TNBC cells. Furthermore, 3-BrPA induced the typical manifestations of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis such as decreasing Bcl-2 expression and increasing Bax, Cyt-C and Caspase-3 expression. The present results suggested that 3-BrPA promoted TXNIP protein expression and reduced HK2 expression in TNBC cells by downregulating c-Myc expression, inhibiting glycolysis including suppressing lactate generation, intracellular ATP generation and HK activity, inducing mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and eventually suppressing TNBC cell proliferation. These findings may reveal a novel therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Pan
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wangfa Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qishang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Yang
- Department of Nursing, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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192
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Zhao Z, Zheng Z, Huang J, Wang J, Peng T, Lin Y, Jian Z. Expression of ALG3 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Clinical Implication. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:816102. [PMID: 35782861 PMCID: PMC9240429 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.816102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have shown that alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase (ALG3) promoted tumorigenesis and progression in multiple cancer types. Our study planned to explore the clinical implication and potential function of ALG3 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Data from public databases were used to analyze the ALG3 expression and its impact on the clinical significance of patients with HCC. The ALG3 expression was confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Immunohistochemistry was used to confirm the ALG3 expression and explore its clinical implication in HCC. KEGG, GO, and GSEA enrichment analyses were utilized to explore the biological pathways related to ALG3 in HCC. TIMER2.0 was applied to assess the association between ALG3 and immune infiltration. CCK8, MTT, and transwell assays were used to investigate the role of ALG3 downregulation in HCC cell lines. Results: qRT-PCR, WB, and IHC proved ALG3 was highly overexpressed in HCC tissues. The Kaplan–Meier analysis verified the overexpression of ALG3 was related to poor overall survival (p < 0.001). Multivariate cox regression analysis showed that the high ALG3 expression was an independent risk prognostic factor. GSEA and TIMER2.0 predicted that ALG3 participates in cell differentiation and cycle and correlates with immune cell infiltration. Transwell assay results showed that ALG3 silencing also impaired the invasion ability of HCC cells. Conclusion: ALG3 was overexpressed and considered a potential indicator of survival in HCC, and our findings provided a novel therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University of Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University of Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ye Lin, ; Zhixiang Jian,
| | - Zhixiang Jian
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ye Lin, ; Zhixiang Jian,
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193
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Kim S, White SM, Radke EG, Dean JL. Harmonization of transcriptomic and methylomic analysis in environmental epidemiology studies for potential application in chemical risk assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 164:107278. [PMID: 35537365 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent efforts have posited the utility of transcriptomic-based approaches to understand chemical-related perturbations in the context of human health risk assessment. Epigenetic modification (e.g., DNA methylation) can influence gene expression changes and is known to occur as a molecular response to some chemical exposures. Characterization of these methylation events is critical to understand the molecular consequences of chemical exposures. In this context, a novel workflow was developed to interrogate publicly available epidemiological transcriptomic and methylomic data to identify relevant pathway level changes in response to chemical exposure, using inorganic arsenic as a case study. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to identify causal methylation events that result in concomitant downstream transcriptional deregulation. This analysis demonstrated an unequal distribution of differentially methylated regions across the human genome. After mapping these events to known genes, significant enrichment of a subset of these pathways suggested that arsenic-mediated methylation may be both specific and non-specific. Parallel GSEA performed on matched transcriptomic samples determined that a substantially reduced subset of these pathways are enriched and that not all chemically-induced methylation results in a downstream alteration in gene expression. The resulting pathways were found to be representative of well-established molecular events known to occur in response to arsenic exposure. The harmonization of enriched transcriptional patterns with those identified from the methylomic platform promoted the characterization of plausibly causal molecular signaling events. The workflow described here enables significant gene and methylation-specific pathways to be identified from whole blood samples of individuals exposed to environmentally relevant chemical levels. As future efforts solidify specific causal relationships between these molecular events and relevant apical endpoints, this novel workflow could aid risk assessments by identifying molecular targets serving as biomarkers of hazard, informing mechanistic understanding, and characterizing dose ranges that promote relevant molecular/epigenetic signaling events occuring in response to chemical exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kim
- Superfund and Emergency Management Division, Region 2, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, NY, USA.
| | - Shana M White
- Chemical and Pollutant Assessment Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, USA.
| | - Elizabeth G Radke
- Chemical and Pollutant Assessment Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, D.C., USA.
| | - Jeffry L Dean
- Chemical and Pollutant Assessment Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, USA.
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194
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Hijazi M, Casado P, Akhtar N, Alvarez-Teijeiro S, Rajeeve V, Cutillas PR. eEF2K Activity Determines Synergy to Cotreatment of Cancer Cells With PI3K and MEK Inhibitors. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100240. [PMID: 35513296 PMCID: PMC9184568 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K-mammalian target of rapamycin and MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) are the most frequently dysregulated signaling pathways in cancer. A problem that limits the success of therapies that target individual PI3K-MAPK members is that these pathways converge to regulate downstream functions and often compensate each other, leading to drug resistance and transient responses to therapy. In order to overcome resistance, therapies based on cotreatments with PI3K/AKT and MEK/MAPK inhibitors are now being investigated in clinical trials, but the mechanisms of sensitivity to cotreatment are not fully understood. Using LC-MS/MS-based phosphoproteomics, we found that eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K), a key convergence point downstream of MAPK and PI3K pathways, mediates synergism to cotreatment with trametinib plus pictilisib (which target MEK1/2 and PI3Kα/δ, respectively). Inhibition of eEF2K by siRNA or with a small molecule inhibitor reversed the antiproliferative effects of the cotreatment with PI3K plus MEK inhibitors in a cell model-specific manner. Systematic analysis in 12 acute myeloid leukemia cell lines revealed that eEF2K activity was increased in cells for which PI3K plus MEKi cotreatment is synergistic, while PKC potentially mediated resistance to such cotreatment. Together, our study uncovers eEF2K activity as a key mediator of responses to PI3Ki plus MEKi and as a potential biomarker to predict synergy to cotreatment in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruan Hijazi
- Signalling & Proteomics Group, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Pedro Casado
- Signalling & Proteomics Group, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nosheen Akhtar
- Signalling & Proteomics Group, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saul Alvarez-Teijeiro
- Signalling & Proteomics Group, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vinothini Rajeeve
- Signalling & Proteomics Group, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro R Cutillas
- Signalling & Proteomics Group, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, London, United Kingdom.
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195
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Cheng W, Li G, Ye Z, Hu J, Gao L, Jia X, Zhao S, Wang Y, Zhou Q. NEDD4L inhibits cell viability, cell cycle progression, and glutamine metabolism in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via ubiquitination of c-Myc. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:716-724. [PMID: 35593463 PMCID: PMC9827801 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common subtype of esophageal cancer with high incidence. Surgery remains the main strategy for treatment of ESCC at early stage. However, the treatment outcome is unsatisfactory. Therefore, finding new therapeutics is of great importance. In the present study, we measured the level of NEDD4L, an ubiquitin protein ligase, in clinical samples and investigated the effects of NEDD4L on cell viability, cell cycle progression, and glutamine metabolism in TE14 cells determined by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and biochemical analysis, respectively. The results show that NEDD4L is significantly decreased in ESCC specimens, and its decreased expression is associated with a poor clinical outcome. Overexpression of NEDD4L significantly inhibits cell viability, cell cycle progression, and glutamine metabolism in TE14 cells. Mechanistic study indicates that NEDD4L regulates tumor progression through ubiquitination of c-Myc and modulation of glutamine metabolism. NEDD4L inhibits cell viability, cell cycle progression, and glutamine metabolism in ESCC by ubiquitination of c-Myc to decrease the expressions of GLS1 and SLC1A5. Our findings highlight the importance of NEDD4L/c-Myc signaling in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Department of Hematologic and OncologyXinjiang Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Digestive System Tumorthe Center Hospital of Karamay CityKaramay834000China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Department of OncologyTongji HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200065China
| | - Zhou Ye
- Department of General SurgeryXinjiang Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Digestive System Tumorthe Center Hospital of Karamay CityKaramay834000China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Hematologic and OncologyXinjiang Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Digestive System Tumorthe Center Hospital of Karamay CityKaramay834000China
| | - Lixia Gao
- Department of Hematologic and OncologyXinjiang Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Digestive System Tumorthe Center Hospital of Karamay CityKaramay834000China
| | - Xiaoling Jia
- Department of Hematologic and OncologyXinjiang Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Digestive System Tumorthe Center Hospital of Karamay CityKaramay834000China
| | - Suping Zhao
- Department of Hematologic and OncologyXinjiang Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Digestive System Tumorthe Center Hospital of Karamay CityKaramay834000China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Science and Educationthe Center Hospital of Karamay CityKaramay834000China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Hematologic and OncologyXinjiang Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Digestive System Tumorthe Center Hospital of Karamay CityKaramay834000China
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196
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Damodharan S, Lara-Velazquez M, Williamsen BC, Helgager J, Dey M. Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma: Molecular Landscape, Evolving Treatment Strategies and Emerging Clinical Trials. J Pers Med 2022; 12:840. [PMID: 35629262 PMCID: PMC9144327 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a type of intrinsic brainstem glial tumor that occurs primarily in the pediatric population. DIPG is initially diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and the characteristic location on imaging. Histologically, these tumors are characterized by a heterogenous population of cells with multiple genetic mutations and high infiltrative capacity. The most common mutation seen in this group is a lysine to methionine point mutation seen at position 27 (K27M) within histone 3 (H3). Tumors with the H3 K27M mutation, are considered grade 4 and are now categorized within the H3 K27-altered diffuse midline glioma category by World Health Organization classification. Due to its critical location and aggressive nature, DIPG is resistant to the most eradicative treatment and is universally fatal; however, modern advances in the surgical techniques resulting in safe biopsy of the lesion have significantly improved our understanding of this disease at the molecular level. Genomic analysis has shown several mutations that play a role in the pathophysiology of the disease and can be targeted therapeutically. In this review, we will elaborate on DIPG from general aspects and the evolving molecular landscape. We will also review innovative therapeutic options that have been trialed along with new promising treatments on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshawn Damodharan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA;
| | - Montserrat Lara-Velazquez
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin, UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (M.L.-V.); (B.C.W.)
| | - Brooke Carmen Williamsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin, UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (M.L.-V.); (B.C.W.)
| | - Jeffrey Helgager
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin, UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53792, USA;
| | - Mahua Dey
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin, UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (M.L.-V.); (B.C.W.)
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197
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Zaiken MC, Flynn R, Paz KG, Rhee SY, Jin S, Mohamed FA, Saha A, Thangavelu G, Park PMC, Hemming ML, Sage PT, Sharpe AH, DuPage M, Bluestone JA, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Cutler CS, Koreth J, Antin JH, Soiffer RJ, Ritz J, Luznik L, Maillard I, Hill GR, MacDonald KPA, Munn DH, Serody JS, Murphy WJ, Kean LS, Zhang Y, Bradner JE, Qi J, Blazar BR. BET-bromodomain and EZH2 inhibitor-treated chronic GVHD mice have blunted germinal centers with distinct transcriptomes. Blood 2022; 139:2983-2997. [PMID: 35226736 PMCID: PMC9101246 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the field, chronic graft-versus-host-disease (cGVHD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality following allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Because treatment options remain limited, we tested efficacy of anticancer, chromatin-modifying enzyme inhibitors in a clinically relevant murine model of cGVHD with bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). We observed that the novel enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitor JQ5 and the BET-bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 each improved pulmonary function; impaired the germinal center (GC) reaction, a prerequisite in cGVHD/BO pathogenesis; and JQ5 reduced EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 in donor T cells. Using conditional EZH2 knockout donor cells, we demonstrated that EZH2 is obligatory for the initiation of cGVHD/BO. In a sclerodermatous cGVHD model, JQ5 reduced the severity of cutaneous lesions. To determine how the 2 drugs could lead to the same physiological improvements while targeting unique epigenetic processes, we analyzed the transcriptomes of splenic GCB cells (GCBs) from transplanted mice treated with either drug. Multiple inflammatory and signaling pathways enriched in cGVHD/BO GCBs were reduced by each drug. GCBs from JQ5- but not JQ1-treated mice were enriched for proproliferative pathways also seen in GCBs from bone marrow-only transplanted mice, likely reflecting their underlying biology in the unperturbed state. In conjunction with in vivo data, these insights led us to conclude that epigenetic targeting of the GC is a viable clinical approach for the treatment of cGVHD, and that the EZH2 inhibitor JQ5 and the BET-bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 demonstrated clinical potential for EZH2i and BETi in patients with cGVHD/BO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Zaiken
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ryan Flynn
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Katelyn G Paz
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Stephanie Y Rhee
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Sujeong Jin
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Fathima A Mohamed
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Asim Saha
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Govindarajan Thangavelu
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Paul M C Park
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew L Hemming
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Peter T Sage
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School-Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School-Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Michel DuPage
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | | | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | | | - Robert J Soiffer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Leo Luznik
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kelli P A MacDonald
- Department of Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David H Munn
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Jonathan S Serody
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Leslie S Kean
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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198
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Phelps GB, Hagen HR, Amsterdam A, Lees JA. MITF deficiency accelerates GNAQ-driven uveal melanoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2107006119. [PMID: 35512098 PMCID: PMC9172632 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107006119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) and uveal melanoma (UM) both originate from the melanocytic lineage but are primarily driven by distinct oncogenic drivers, BRAF/NRAS or GNAQ/GNA11, respectively. The melanocytic master transcriptional regulator, MITF, is essential for both CM development and maintenance, but its role in UM is largely unexplored. Here, we use zebrafish models to dissect the key UM oncogenic signaling events and establish the role of MITF in UM tumors. Using a melanocytic lineage expression system, we showed that patient-derived mutations of GNAQ (GNAQQ209L) or its upstream CYSLTR2 receptor (CYSLTR2L129Q) both drive UM when combined with a cooperating mutation, tp53M214K/M214K. The tumor-initiating potential of the major GNAQ/11 effector pathways, YAP, and phospholipase C-β (PLCβ)–ERK was also investigated in this system and thus showed that while activated YAP (YAPAA) induced UM with high potency, the patient-derived PLCβ4 mutation (PLCB4D630Y) very rarely yielded UM tumors in the tp53M214K/M214K context. Remarkably, mitfa deficiency was profoundly UM promoting, dramatically accelerating the onset and progression of tumors induced by Tg(mitfa:GNAQQ209L);tp53M214K/M214K or Tg(mitfa:CYSLTR2L129Q);tp53M214K/M214K. Moreover, mitfa loss was sufficient to cooperate with GNAQQ209L to drive tp53–wild type UM development and allowed Tg(mitfa:PLCB4D630Y);tp53M214K/M214K melanocyte lineage cells to readily form tumors. Notably, all of the mitfa−/− UM tumors, including those arising in Tg(mitfa:PLCB4D630Y);tp53M214K/M214K;mitfa−/− zebrafish, displayed nuclear YAP while lacking hyperactive ERK indicative of PLCβ signaling. Collectively, these data show that YAP signaling is the major mediator of UM and that MITF acts as a bona fide tumor suppressor in UM in direct opposition to its essential role in CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace B. Phelps
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Hannah R. Hagen
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Adam Amsterdam
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Jacqueline A. Lees
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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199
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Stengel S, Petrie KR, Sbirkov Y, Stanko C, Ghazvini Zadegan F, Gil V, Skopek R, Kamiński P, Szymański Ł, Brioli A, Zelent A, Schenk T. Suppression of MYC by PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibition in combination with all-trans retinoic acid treatment for therapeutic gain in acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2022; 198:338-348. [PMID: 35468223 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activity of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR [PAM]) pathway, as well as suppressed retinoic acid signalling, contribute to enhanced proliferation and the differentiation blockade of immature myeloid cells in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Inhibition of the PAM pathway was shown to affect especially mixed-lineage leukaemia-rearranged AML. Here, we sought to test a combined strategy using small molecule inhibitors against members of the PAM signalling pathway in conjunction with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) to target a larger group of different AML subtypes. We find that ATRA treatment in combination with inhibition of PI3K (ZSTK474), mTOR (WYE132) or PI3K/mTOR (BEZ235, dactolisib) drastically reduces protein levels of the proto-oncogene MYC. In combination with BEZ235, ATRA treatment led to almost complete eradication of cellular MYC, G1 arrest, loss of clonal capacity and terminal granulocytic differentiation. We demonstrate that PAM inhibitor/ATRA treatment targets MYC via independent mechanisms. While inhibition of the PAM pathway causes MYC phosphorylation at threonine 58 via glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta and subsequent degradation, ATRA reduces its expression. Here, we present an approach using a combination of known drugs to synergistically reduce aberrant MYC levels, thereby effectively blocking proliferation and enabling differentiation in various AML subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Stengel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Kevin R Petrie
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - Yordan Sbirkov
- Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Clara Stanko
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, CMB, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Faezeh Ghazvini Zadegan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, CMB, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Veronica Gil
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Rafał Skopek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Paweł Kamiński
- Department of Gynecology and Oncological Gynecology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szymański
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Annamaria Brioli
- Clinic of Internal Medicine C, Hematology and Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Palliative Care, Greifswald University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Arthur Zelent
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Tino Schenk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, CMB, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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200
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Venkata Suseela Y, Sengupta P, Roychowdhury T, Panda S, Talukdar S, Chattopadhyay S, Chatterjee S, Govindaraju T. Targeting Oncogene Promoters and Ribosomal RNA Biogenesis by G-Quadruplex Binding Ligands Translate to Anticancer Activity. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2022; 2:125-139. [PMID: 37101746 PMCID: PMC10114666 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.1c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
G-Quadruplex (GQ) nucleic acids are promising therapeutic targets in anticancer research due to their structural robustness, polymorphism, and gene-regulatory functions. Here, we presented the structure-activity relationship of carbazole-based monocyanine ligands using region-specific functionalization with benzothiazole (TCA and TCZ), lepidine (LCA and LCZ), and quinaldine (QCA and QCZ) acceptor moieties and evaluated their binding profiles with different oncogenic GQs. Their differential turn-on fluorescence emission upon GQ binding confirmed the GQ-to-duplex selectivity of all carbazole ligands, while the isothermal titration calorimetry results showed selective interactions of TCZ and TCA to c-MYC and BCL-2 GQs, respectively. The aldehyde group in TCA favors stacking interactions with the tetrad of BCL-2 GQ, whereas TCZ provides selective groove interactions with c-MYC GQ. Dual-luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) showed that these molecules interfere with the recruitment of specific transcription factors at c-MYC and BCL-2 promoters and stabilize the promoter GQ structures to inhibit their constitutive transcription in cancer cells. Their intrinsic turn-on fluorescence response with longer lifetimes upon GQ binding allowed real-time visualization of GQ structures at subcellular compartments. Confocal microscopy revealed the uptake of these ligands in the nucleoli, resulting in nucleolar stress. ChIP studies further confirmed the inhibition of Nucleolin occupancy at multiple GQ-enriched regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) promoters, which arrested rRNA biogenesis. Therefore, carbazole ligands act as the "double-edged swords" to arrest c-MYC and BCL-2 overexpression as well as rRNA biogenesis, triggering synergistic inhibition of multiple oncogenic pathways and apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelisetty Venkata Suseela
- Bioorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, P.O., Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India
| | - Pallabi Sengupta
- Department
of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Tanaya Roychowdhury
- Cancer
Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Suman Panda
- Department
of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Sangita Talukdar
- Bioorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, P.O., Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India
| | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- Cancer
Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhrangsu Chatterjee
- Department
of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, P.O., Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India
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