151
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Liu H, Gu Z, Liu Y, Xiao X, Xiu G. Validation of the Application of Solid Contact Ion-Selective Electrode for Off-Body Sweat Ion Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040229. [PMID: 35448288 PMCID: PMC9026306 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The solid contact ion-selective electrode (ISE) is a promising skin-interfaced monitoring system for sweat ions. Despite a growing number of on-body usages of ISE with fancy new materials and device fabrications, there are very few reports attempting to validate ISE results with a gold standard technique. For this purpose, this work uses inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) as a reference technique to conduct a direct evaluation of the sweat sodium and potassium ion levels obtained by ISE in an off-body approach. Eight healthy male subjects were recruited to collect exercise-induced sweat. It was found that sweat sodium and potassium ions present a rather wide concentration range. The sweat sodium concentration did not vary greatly in an exercise period of half an hour, while the sweat potassium concentration typically decreased with exercise. Mineral drink intake had no clear impact on the sweat sodium level, but increased the sweat potassium level. A paired t-test and mean absolute relative difference (MARD) analysis, a method typically used for evaluating the performance of glucometers, was employed to compare the results of ISE and ICP-OES. The statistical analysis validated the feasibility of ISE for measuring sweat ions, although better accuracy is required. Our data suggests that overweight subjects are likely to possess a higher sweat sodium level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Liu
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China;
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Automation, School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China;
| | - Yuan Liu
- COFCO Corporation, Chao Yang Men South St. No. 8, Beijng 100020, China;
| | - Xinxin Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Correspondence: (X.X.); (G.X.)
| | - Guangli Xiu
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China;
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
- Correspondence: (X.X.); (G.X.)
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152
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Tortolini C, Cass AEG, Pofi R, Lenzi A, Antiochia R. Microneedle-based nanoporous gold electrochemical sensor for real-time catecholamine detection. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:180. [PMID: 35391571 PMCID: PMC8989844 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EP), and norepinephrine (NEP) are the main catecholamine of clinical interest, as they play crucial roles in the regulation of nervous and cardiovascular systems and are involved in some brain behaviors, such as stress, panic, anxiety, and depression. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a reliable sensing device able to provide their continuous monitoring in a minimally invasive manner. In this work, the first highly nanoporous gold (h-nPG) microneedle-based sensor is presented for continuous monitoring of catecholamine in interstitial fluid (ISF). The h-nPG microneedle-based gold electrode was prepared by a simple electrochemical self-templating method that involves two steps, gold electrodeposition and hydrogen bubbling at the electrode surface, realized by sweeping the potential between + 0.8 V and 0 V vs Ag/AgCl for 25 scans in a 10 mM HAuCl4 solution containing 2.5 M NH4Cl, and successively applying a fixed potential of − 2 V vs Ag/AgCl for 60 s. The resulting microneedle-based h-nPG sensor displays an interference-free total catecholamine detection expressed as NEP concentration, with a very low LOD of 100 nM, excellent sensitivity and stability, and fast response time (< 4 s). The performance of the h-nPG microneedle array sensor was successively assessed in artificial ISF and in a hydrogel skin model at typical physiological concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tortolini
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Anthony E G Cass
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Riccardo Pofi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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153
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He G, Dong T, Yang Z, Branstad A, Huang L, Jiang Z. Point-of-care COPD diagnostics: biomarkers, sampling, paper-based analytical devices, and perspectives. Analyst 2022; 147:1273-1293. [PMID: 35113085 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01702k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become the third leading cause of global death. Insufficiency in early diagnosis and treatment of COPD, especially COPD exacerbations, leads to a tremendous economic burden and medical costs. A cost-effective and timely prevention requires decentralized point-of-care diagnostics at patients' residences at affordable prices. Advances in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics may offer new solutions to reduce medical expenditures by measuring salivary and blood biomarkers. Among them, paper-based analytical devices have been the most promising candidates due to their advantages of being affordable, biocompatible, disposable, scalable, and easy to modify. In this review, we present salivary and blood biomarkers related to COPD endotypes and exacerbations, summarize current technologies to collect human whole saliva and whole blood samples, evaluate state-of-the-art paper-based analytical devices that detect COPD biomarkers in saliva and blood, and discuss existing challenges with outlooks on future paper-based POC systems for COPD diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Academician and Expert Workstation, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China.,Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway.
| | - Tao Dong
- Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway.
| | - Zhaochu Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Academician and Expert Workstation, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Are Branstad
- University of Southeast Norway (USN), School of Business, Box 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Lan Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Academician and Expert Workstation, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Academician and Expert Workstation, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China
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154
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Xiang W, Xie Y, Han Y, Long Z, Zhang W, Zhong T, Liang S, Xing L, Xue X, Zhan Y. A self-powered wearable brain-machine-interface system for ceasing action. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:4671-4678. [PMID: 35262127 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08168c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A self-powered wearable brain-machine-interface system with pulse detection and brain stimulation for ceasing action has been realized. The system is composed of (1) a power supply unit that employs a piezoelectric generator and converts the mechanical energy of human daily activities into electricity; (2) a neck pulse biosensor that allows continuous measurements of carotid pulse by using a piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride film; (3) a data analysis module that enables a coordinated brain-machine-interface system to output brain stimulation signals; and (4) brain stimulating electrodes linked to the brain that implement behavioral intervention. Demonstration of the system with stimulating electrodes implanted in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) in running mice reveals the great effect of forced ceasing action. The mice stop their running within several seconds when the stimulation signals are sent into the PAG brain region (inducing fear). This self-powered scheme for neural stimulation realizes specific behavioral intervention without any external power supply, thus providing a new concept for future behavior intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xiang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yechao Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Zhihe Long
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wanglinhan Zhang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Tianyan Zhong
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Shan Liang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Lili Xing
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Xinyu Xue
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Yang Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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155
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Inoue T, Kuwano T, Uehara Y, Yano M, Oya N, Takada N, Tanaka S, Ueda Y, Hachiya A, Takahashi Y, Ota N, Murase T. Non-invasive human skin transcriptome analysis using mRNA in skin surface lipids. Commun Biol 2022; 5:215. [PMID: 35264722 PMCID: PMC8907185 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03154-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive acquisition of mRNA data from the skin can be extremely useful for understanding skin physiology and diseases. Inspired by the holocrine process, in which the sebaceous glands secrete cell contents into the sebum, we focused on the possible presence of mRNAs in skin surface lipids (SSLs). We found that measurable levels of human mRNAs exist in SSLs, where the sebum protects them from degradation by RNases. The AmpliSeq transcriptome analysis was modified to measure SSL-RNA levels, and our results revealed that the SSL-RNAs predominantly comprised mRNAs derived from sebaceous glands, the epidermis, and hair follicles. Analysis of SSL-RNAs non-invasively collected from patients with atopic dermatitis revealed increased expression of inflammation-related genes and decreased expression of terminal differentiation-related genes, consistent with the results of previous reports. Further, we found that lipid synthesis-related genes were downregulated in the sebaceous glands of patients with atopic dermatitis. These results indicate that the analysis of SSL-RNAs is a promising strategy to understand the pathophysiology of skin diseases. Inoue et al develop a non-invasive method of analyzing human skin mRNA using RNA in skin surface lipids collected with oil-blotting films. The authors outline the validation of this methodology and describe an application to determine transcriptome in skin surface lipids in patients with atopic dermatitis versus healthy skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Inoue
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Kuwano
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Yuya Uehara
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Michiko Yano
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Naoki Oya
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Naoto Takada
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Shodai Tanaka
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Yui Ueda
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Akira Hachiya
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Yoshito Takahashi
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Ota
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Murase
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan.
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156
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Sim D, Brothers MC, Slocik JM, Islam AE, Maruyama B, Grigsby CC, Naik RR, Kim SS. Biomarkers and Detection Platforms for Human Health and Performance Monitoring: A Review. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104426. [PMID: 35023321 PMCID: PMC8895156 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Human health and performance monitoring (HHPM) is imperative to provide information necessary for protecting, sustaining, evaluating, and improving personnel in various occupational sectors, such as industry, academy, sports, recreation, and military. While various commercially wearable sensors are on the market with their capability of "quantitative assessments" on human health, physical, and psychological states, their sensing is mostly based on physical traits, and thus lacks precision in HHPM. Minimally or noninvasive biomarkers detectable from the human body, such as body fluid (e.g., sweat, tear, urine, and interstitial fluid), exhaled breath, and skin surface, can provide abundant additional information to the HHPM. Detecting these biomarkers with novel or existing sensor technologies is emerging as critical human monitoring research. This review provides a broad perspective on the state of the art biosensor technologies for HHPM, including the list of biomarkers and their physiochemical/physical characteristics, fundamental sensing principles, and high-performance sensing transducers. Further, this paper expands to the additional scope on the key technical challenges in applying the current HHPM system to the real field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sim
- Air Force Research Laboratory711th Human Performance WingWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
- Research Associateship Program (RAP)the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and MedicineWashingtonDC20001USA
- Integrative Health & Performance Sciences DivisionUES Inc.DaytonOH45432USA
| | - Michael C. Brothers
- Air Force Research Laboratory711th Human Performance WingWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
- Integrative Health & Performance Sciences DivisionUES Inc.DaytonOH45432USA
| | - Joseph M. Slocik
- Air Force Research LaboratoryMaterials and Manufacturing DirectorateWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
| | - Ahmad E. Islam
- Air Force Research LaboratorySensors DirectorateWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
| | - Benji Maruyama
- Air Force Research LaboratoryMaterials and Manufacturing DirectorateWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
| | - Claude C. Grigsby
- Air Force Research Laboratory711th Human Performance WingWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
| | - Rajesh R. Naik
- Air Force Research Laboratory711th Human Performance WingWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
| | - Steve S. Kim
- Air Force Research Laboratory711th Human Performance WingWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA
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157
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ZHOU J, MEN D, ZHANG XE. Progress in wearable sweat sensors and their applications. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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158
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Finnegan M, Duffy E, Morrin A. The determination of skin surface pH via the skin volatile emission using wearable colorimetric sensors. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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159
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Kukkar D, Zhang D, Jeon B, Kim KH. Recent advances in wearable biosensors for non-invasive monitoring of specific metabolites and electrolytes associated with chronic kidney disease: Performance evaluation and future challenges. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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160
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Lubken RM, de Jong AM, Prins MWJ. Real-Time Monitoring of Biomolecules: Dynamic Response Limits of Affinity-Based Sensors. ACS Sens 2022; 7:286-295. [PMID: 34978190 PMCID: PMC8805115 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Sensors for monitoring
biomolecular dynamics in biological systems
and biotechnological processes in real time, need to accurately and
precisely reconstruct concentration–time profiles. This requirement
becomes challenging when transport processes and biochemical kinetics
are important, as is typically the case for biomarkers at low concentrations.
Here, we present a comprehensive methodology to study the concentration–time
profiles generated by affinity-based sensors that continuously interact
with a biological system of interest. Simulations are performed for
sensors with diffusion-based sampling (e.g., a sensor
patch on the skin) and advection-based sampling (e.g., a sensor connected to a catheter). The simulations clarify how
transport processes and molecular binding kinetics result in concentration
gradients and time delays in the sensor system. Using these simulations,
measured and true concentration–time profiles of insulin were
compared as a function of sensor design parameters. The results lead
to guidelines on how biomolecular monitoring sensors can be designed
for optimal bioanalytical performance in terms of concentration and
time properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiq M. Lubken
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, the Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur M. de Jong
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, the Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Menno W. J. Prins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, the Netherlands
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, the Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, the Netherlands
- Helia Biomonitoring, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, the Netherlands
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161
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Khosravi Ardakani H, Gerami M, Chashmpoosh M, Omidifar N, Gholami A. Recent Progress in Nanobiosensors for Precise Detection of Blood Glucose Level. Biochem Res Int 2022; 2022:2964705. [PMID: 35083086 PMCID: PMC8786499 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2964705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) follows a series of metabolic diseases categorized by high blood sugar levels. Owing to the increasing diabetes disease in the world, early diagnosis of this disease is critical. New methods such as nanotechnology have made significant progress in many areas of medical science and physiology. Nanobiosensors are very sensible and can identify single virus particles or even low concentrations of a material that can be inherently harmful. One of the main factors for developing glucose sensors in the body is the diagnosis of hypoglycemia in individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the most up-to-date and fastest glucose detection method by nanosensors and, as a result, faster and better treatment in medical sciences. In this review, we try to explore new ways to control blood glucose levels and treat diabetes. We begin with a definition of biosensors and their classification and basis, and then we examine the latest biosensors in glucose detection and new biosensors applications, including the artificial pancreas and updating quantum graphene data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitra Gerami
- Biotechnology Research Center, University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Chashmpoosh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Omidifar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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162
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Jin X, Li G, Xu T, Su L, Yan D, Zhang X. Fully integrated flexible biosensor for wearable continuous glucose monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 196:113760. [PMID: 34741953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Continuous physiological monitoring is a promising alternative to current chronic disease management for obtaining big data sets to help individualized therapy. Here, we present a continuous glucose monitoring platform consisting of a screen-printed electrochemical biosensor and a fully integrated wireless electrochemical analysis system. A biocompatible conjugated polymer (poly (N-phenylglycine)) was employed as the support material for enzyme immobilization. Specifically, a polyurethane outer layer was decorated onto the working electrode of the biosensor to construct a diffusion limiting membrane and improve the linear range of the glucose sensor. We optimized the fabricated glucose sensor so that it achieves a linear range of 1-30 mM and a sensitivity of 12.69 μA mM-1·cm-2 in vitro. The long-term stability is up to 30 days by storing in PBS solution at 4°C. The overall system design was very small (0.8 × 1.8 cm) and consisted of a signal conditioning part, a programmable electrochemical chip, and a wireless connection using Bluetooth Low Energy with a smartphone. Finally, we carried out biocompatibility tests and animal experiments to demonstrate the device can successfully monitor blood glucose in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Jin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Guanhua Li
- Shenzhen Refresh Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Tailin Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
| | - Lei Su
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Shenzhen Refresh Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
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163
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Zafar H, Channa A, Jeoti V, Stojanović GM. Comprehensive Review on Wearable Sweat-Glucose Sensors for Continuous Glucose Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:638. [PMID: 35062598 PMCID: PMC8781973 DOI: 10.3390/s22020638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate, and regular glucose monitoring is critical in order to manage diabetes. Currently, glucose in the body is measured by an invasive method of blood sugar testing. Blood glucose (BG) monitoring devices measure the amount of sugar in a small sample of blood, usually drawn from pricking the fingertip, and placed on a disposable test strip. Therefore, there is a need for non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring, which is possible using a sweat sensor-based approach. As sweat sensors have garnered much interest in recent years, this study attempts to summarize recent developments in non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring using sweat sensors based on different approaches with an emphasis on the devices that can potentially be integrated into a wearable platform. Numerous research entities have been developing wearable sensors for continuous blood glucose monitoring, however, there are no commercially viable, non-invasive glucose monitors on the market at the moment. This review article provides the state-of-the-art in sweat glucose monitoring, particularly keeping in sight the prospect of its commercialization. The challenges relating to sweat collection, sweat sample degradation, person to person sweat amount variation, various detection methods, and their glucose detection sensitivity, and also the commercial viability are thoroughly covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hima Zafar
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, T. Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.J.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Asma Channa
- Computer Science Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- DIIES Department, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, 89100 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Varun Jeoti
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, T. Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.J.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Goran M. Stojanović
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, T. Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.J.); (G.M.S.)
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164
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Bolat G, De la Paz E, Azeredo NF, Kartolo M, Kim J, de Loyola E Silva AN, Rueda R, Brown C, Angnes L, Wang J, Sempionatto JR. Wearable soft electrochemical microfluidic device integrated with iontophoresis for sweat biosensing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5411-5421. [PMID: 35015101 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A soft and flexible wearable sweat epidermal microfluidic device capable of simultaneously stimulating, collecting, and electrochemically analyzing sweat is demonstrated. The device represents the first system integrating an iontophoretic pilocarpine delivery system around the inlet channels of epidermal polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device for sweat collection and analysis. The freshly generated sweat is naturally pumped into the fluidic inlet without the need of exercising. Soft skin-mounted systems, incorporating non-invasive, on-demand sweat sampling/analysis interfaces for tracking target biomarkers, are in urgent need. Existing skin conformal microfluidic-based sensors for continuous monitoring of target sweat biomarkers rely on assays during intense physical exercising. This work demonstrates the first example of combining sweat stimulation, through transdermal pilocarpine delivery, with sample collection through a microfluidic channel for real-time electrochemical monitoring of sweat glucose, in a fully integrated soft and flexible multiplexed device which eliminates the need of exercising. The on-body operational performance and layout of the device were optimized considering the fluid dynamics and evaluated for detecting sweat glucose in several volunteers. Furthermore, the microfluidic monitoring device was integrated with a real-time wireless data transmission system using a flexible electronic board PCB conformal with the body. The new microfluidic platform paves the way to real-time non-invasive monitoring of biomarkers in stimulated sweat samples for diverse healthcare and wellness applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcin Bolat
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ernesto De la Paz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nathalia F Azeredo
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Kartolo
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Ricardo Rueda
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Christopher Brown
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Lúcio Angnes
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Juliane R Sempionatto
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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165
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Wang B, Zhao C, Wang Z, Yang KA, Cheng X, Liu W, Yu W, Lin S, Zhao Y, Cheung KM, Lin H, Hojaiji H, Weiss PS, Stojanović MN, Tomiyama AJ, Andrews AM, Emaminejad S. Wearable aptamer-field-effect transistor sensing system for noninvasive cortisol monitoring. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk0967. [PMID: 34985954 PMCID: PMC8730602 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk0967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Wearable technologies for personalized monitoring require sensors that track biomarkers often present at low levels. Cortisol—a key stress biomarker—is present in sweat at low nanomolar concentrations. Previous wearable sensing systems are limited to analytes in the micromolar-millimolar ranges. To overcome this and other limitations, we developed a flexible field-effect transistor (FET) biosensor array that exploits a previously unreported cortisol aptamer coupled to nanometer-thin-film In2O3 FETs. Cortisol levels were determined via molecular recognition by aptamers where binding was transduced to electrical signals on FETs. The physiological relevance of cortisol as a stress biomarker was demonstrated by tracking salivary cortisol levels in participants in a Trier Social Stress Test and establishing correlations between cortisol in diurnal saliva and sweat samples. These correlations motivated the development and on-body validation of an aptamer-FET array–based smartwatch equipped with a custom, multichannel, self-referencing, and autonomous source measurement unit enabling seamless, real-time cortisol sweat sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chuanzhen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhaoqing Wang
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kyung-Ae Yang
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xuanbing Cheng
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wenfei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wenzhuo Yu
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shuyu Lin
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yichao Zhao
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kevin M. Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Haisong Lin
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hannaneh Hojaiji
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Milan N. Stojanović
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - A. Janet Tomiyama
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anne M. Andrews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Corresponding author. (A.M.A.); (S.E.)
| | - Sam Emaminejad
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Corresponding author. (A.M.A.); (S.E.)
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166
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Pullano SA, Greco M, Bianco MG, Foti D, Brunetti A, Fiorillo AS. Glucose biosensors in clinical practice: principles, limits and perspectives of currently used devices. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:493-511. [PMID: 34976197 PMCID: PMC8692922 DOI: 10.7150/thno.64035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand of glucose monitoring devices and even of updated guidelines for the management of diabetic patients is dramatically increasing due to the progressive rise in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the need to prevent its complications. Even though the introduction of the first glucose sensor occurred decades ago, important advances both from the technological and clinical point of view have contributed to a substantial improvement in quality healthcare. This review aims to bring together purely technological and clinical aspects of interest in the field of glucose devices by proposing a roadmap in glucose monitoring and management of patients with diabetes. Also, it prospects other biological fluids to be examined as further options in diabetes care, and suggests, throughout the technology innovation process, future directions to improve the follow-up, treatment, and clinical outcomes of patients.
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167
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Altug H, Oh SH, Maier SA, Homola J. Advances and applications of nanophotonic biosensors. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:5-16. [PMID: 35046571 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-01045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanophotonic devices, which control light in subwavelength volumes and enhance light-matter interactions, have opened up exciting prospects for biosensing. Numerous nanophotonic biosensors have emerged to address the limitations of the current bioanalytical methods in terms of sensitivity, throughput, ease-of-use and miniaturization. In this Review, we provide an overview of the recent developments of label-free nanophotonic biosensors using evanescent-field-based sensing with plasmon resonances in metals and Mie resonances in dielectrics. We highlight the prospects of achieving an improved sensor performance and added functionalities by leveraging nanostructures and on-chip and optoelectronic integration, as well as microfluidics, biochemistry and data science toolkits. We also discuss open challenges in nanophotonic biosensing, such as reducing the overall cost and handling of complex biological samples, and provide an outlook for future opportunities to improve these technologies and thereby increase their impact in terms of improving health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Altug
- Laboratory of Bionanophotonic Systems, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitut Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Jiří Homola
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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168
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Zhong B, Jiang K, Wang L, Shen G. Wearable Sweat Loss Measuring Devices: From the Role of Sweat Loss to Advanced Mechanisms and Designs. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103257. [PMID: 34713981 PMCID: PMC8728835 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sweat sensors have received significant research interest and have become popular as sweat contains considerable health information about physiological and psychological states. However, measured biomarker concentrations vary with sweat rates, which has a significant effect on the accuracy and reliability of sweat biosensors. Wearable sweat loss measuring devices (SLMDs) have recently been proposed to overcome the limitations of biomarker tracking and reduce inter- and intraindividual variability. In addition, they offer substantial potential for monitoring human body homeostasis, because sweat loss plays an indispensable role in thermoregulation and skin hydration. Previous studies have not carried out a comprehensive and systematic review of the principles, importance, and development of wearable SLMDs. This paper reviews wearable SLMDs with a new health perspective from the role of sweat loss to advanced mechanisms and designs. Two types of sweat and their measurement significance for practical applications are highlighted. Then, a comprehensive review of advances in different wearable SLMDs based on hygrometers, absorbent materials, and microfluidics is presented by describing their respective device architectures, present situations, and future directions. Finally, concluding remarks on opportunities for future application fields and challenges for future sweat sensing are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
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169
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Ma R, An X, Shao R, Zhang Q, Sun S. Recent advancement in noninvasive glucose monitoring and closed-loop management system for diabetes. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:5537-5555. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00749e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes can cause many complications, which has become one of the most common diseases that may lead to death. Currently, the number of diabetics continues increasing year by year. Thus,...
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170
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Mustafa YL, Keirouz A, Leese HS. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Diagnostics: Accessing Analytes in Biofluids. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:7418-7449. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00703g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bio-applied molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are biomimetic materials with tailor-made synthetic recognition sites, mimicking biological counterparts known for their sensitive and selective analyte detection. MIPs, specifically designed for biomarker analysis...
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171
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Lubken RM, Bergkamp MH, de Jong AM, Prins MWJ. Sensing Methodology for the Rapid Monitoring of Biomolecules at Low Concentrations over Long Time Spans. ACS Sens 2021; 6:4471-4481. [PMID: 34854303 PMCID: PMC8715529 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Studies on the dynamics
of biological systems and biotechnological
processes require measurement techniques that can reveal time dependencies
of concentrations of specific biomolecules, preferably with small
time delays, short time intervals between subsequent measurements,
and the possibility to record over long time spans. For low-concentration
biomolecules, these requirements are very challenging since low-concentration
assays are typically slow and require new reagents in every assay.
Here, we present a sensing methodology that enables rapid monitoring
of picomolar and sub-picomolar concentrations in a reversible affinity-based
assay, studied using simulations. We demonstrate that low-concentration
biomolecules can be monitored with small time delays, short time intervals,
and in principle over an endless time span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiq M. Lubken
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Max H. Bergkamp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur M. de Jong
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Menno W. J. Prins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
- Helia Biomonitoring, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
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172
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Faheem A, Cinti S. Non-invasive electrochemistry-driven metals tracing in human biofluids. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 200:113904. [PMID: 34959184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Wearable analytical devices represent the future for fast, de-centralized, and human-centered health monitoring. Electrochemistry-based platforms have been highlighted as the role model for future developments amid diverse strategies and transduction technologies. Among the various relevant analytes to be real-time and non-invasively monitored in bodily fluids, we review the latest wearable achievements towards determining essential and toxic metals. On-skin measurements represent an excellent possibility for humankind: real-time monitoring, digital/fast communication with specialists, quick interventions, removing barriers in developing countries. In this review, we discuss the achievements over the last 5 years in non-invasive electrochemical platforms, providing a comprehensive table for quick visualizing the diverse sensing/technological advances. In the final section, challenges and future perspectives about wearables are deeply discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroosha Faheem
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy; BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli "Federico II", 80055, Naples, Italy.
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173
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Abstract
The use of saliva as a diagnostic biofluid has been increasing in recent years, thanks to the identification and validation of new biomarkers and improvements in test accuracy, sensitivity, and precision that enable the development of new noninvasive and cost-effective devices. However, the lack of standardized methods for sample collection, treatment, and storage contribute to the overall variability and lack of reproducibility across analytical evaluations. Furthermore, the instability of salivary biomarkers after sample collection hinders their translation into commercially available technologies for noninvasive monitoring of saliva in home settings. The present review aims to highlight the status of research on the challenges of collecting and using diagnostic salivary samples, emphasizing the methodologies used to preserve relevant proteins, hormones, genomic, and transcriptomic biomarkers during sample handling and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana d'Amone
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Giusy Matzeu
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Fiorenzo G Omenetto
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.,Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.,Laboratory for Living Devices, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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174
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DeBrosse M, Yuan Y, Brothers M, Karajic A, van Duren J, Kim S, Hussain S, Heikenfeld J. A Dual Approach of an Oil-Membrane Composite and Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode to Mitigate Biofluid Interferences. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21238063. [PMID: 34884067 PMCID: PMC8659581 DOI: 10.3390/s21238063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors promise a simple method to measure analytes for both point-of-care diagnostics and continuous, wearable biomarker monitors. In a liquid environment, detecting the analyte of interest must compete with other solutes that impact the background current, such as redox-active molecules, conductivity changes in the biofluid, water electrolysis, and electrode fouling. Multiple methods exist to overcome a few of these challenges, but not a comprehensive solution. Presented here is a combined boron-doped diamond electrode and oil–membrane protection approach that broadly mitigates the impact of biofluid interferents without a biorecognition element. The oil–membrane blocks the majority of interferents in biofluids that are hydrophilic while permitting passage of important hydrophobic analytes such as hormones and drugs. The boron-doped diamond then suppresses water electrolysis current and maintains peak electrochemical performance due to the foulant-mitigation benefits of the oil–membrane protection. Results show up to a 365-fold reduction in detection limits using the boron-doped diamond electrode material alone compared with traditional gold in the buffer. Combining the boron-doped diamond material with the oil–membrane protection scheme maintained these detection limits while exposed to human serum for 18 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine DeBrosse
- Novel Device Lab., University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (M.D.); (Y.Y.); (A.K.)
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433, USA; (M.B.); (S.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Yuchan Yuan
- Novel Device Lab., University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (M.D.); (Y.Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Michael Brothers
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433, USA; (M.B.); (S.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Aleksandar Karajic
- Novel Device Lab., University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (M.D.); (Y.Y.); (A.K.)
| | | | - Steve Kim
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433, USA; (M.B.); (S.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Saber Hussain
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433, USA; (M.B.); (S.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Jason Heikenfeld
- Novel Device Lab., University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (M.D.); (Y.Y.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence:
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175
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Wang H, Sheng T, Zhao S, Zheng Y, Yu J, Zhang Y, Gu Z. Recent advances in transdermal sensors for glucose monitoring. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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176
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177
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Abstract
Skin-like electronics are developing rapidly to realize a variety of applications such as wearable sensing and soft robotics. Hydrogels, as soft biomaterials, have been studied intensively for skin-like electronic utilities due to their unique features such as softness, wetness, biocompatibility and ionic sensing capability. These features could potentially blur the gap between soft biological systems and hard artificial machines. However, the development of skin-like hydrogel devices is still in its infancy and faces challenges including limited functionality, low ambient stability, poor surface adhesion, and relatively high power consumption (as ionic sensors). This review aims to summarize current development of skin-inspired hydrogel devices to address these challenges. We first conduct an overview of hydrogels and existing strategies to increase their toughness and conductivity. Next, we describe current approaches to leverage hydrogel devices with advanced merits including anti-dehydration, anti-freezing, and adhesion. Thereafter, we highlight state-of-the-art skin-like hydrogel devices for applications including wearable electronics, soft robotics, and energy harvesting. Finally, we conclude and outline the future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Ying
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
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178
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Yuan Y, DeBrosse M, Brothers M, Kim S, Sereda A, Ivanov NV, Hussain S, Heikenfeld J. Oil-Membrane Protection of Electrochemical Sensors for Fouling- and pH-Insensitive Detection of Lipophilic Analytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:53553-53563. [PMID: 34665962 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To take full advantage of the reagent- and label-free sensing capabilities of electrochemical sensors, a frequent and remaining challenge is interference and degradation of the sensors due to uncontrolled pH or salinity in the sample solution or foulants from the sample solution. Here, we present an oil-membrane sensor protection technique that allows for the permeation of hydrophobic (lipophilic) analytes into a sealed sensor compartment containing ideal salinity and pH conditions while simultaneously blocking common hydrophilic interferents (proteins, acids, bases, etc.) In this paper, we validate the oil-membrane sensor protection technique by demonstrating continuous cortisol detection via electrochemical aptamer-based (EAB) sensors. The encapsulated EAB cortisol sensor exhibits a 5 min concentration-on rise time and maintains a measurement signal of at least 7 h even in the extreme condition of an acidic solution of pH 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchan Yuan
- Novel Devices Lab, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Madeleine DeBrosse
- Novel Devices Lab, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
- 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Michael Brothers
- 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Steve Kim
- 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | | | | | - Saber Hussain
- 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Jason Heikenfeld
- Novel Devices Lab, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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179
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Pomili T, Donati P, Pompa PP. Paper-Based Multiplexed Colorimetric Device for the Simultaneous Detection of Salivary Biomarkers. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11110443. [PMID: 34821659 PMCID: PMC8615519 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we describe a monolithic and fully integrated paper-based device for the simultaneous detection of three prognostic biomarkers in saliva. The pattern of the proposed multiplexed device is designed with a central sample deposition zone and three identical arms, each containing a pre-treatment and test zone. Its one-step fabrication is realized by CO2 laser cutting, providing remarkable parallelization and rapidity (ca. 5 s/device). The colorimetric detection is based on the sensitive and selective target-induced reshaping of plasmonic multibranched gold nanoparticles, which exhibit a clear spectral shift (and blue-to-pink color change) in case of non-physiological concentrations of the three salivary biomarkers. A rapid and multiplexed naked-eye or smartphone-based readout of the colorimetric response is achieved within 10 min. A prototype kit for POCT testing is also reported, providing robustness and easy handling of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Pomili
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (T.P.); (P.D.)
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Donati
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (T.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (T.P.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence:
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180
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Falk M, Nilsson EJ, Cirovic S, Tudosoiu B, Shleev S. Wearable Electronic Tongue for Non-Invasive Assessment of Human Sweat. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21217311. [PMID: 34770617 PMCID: PMC8587441 DOI: 10.3390/s21217311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sweat is a promising biofluid in allowing for non-invasive sampling. Here, we investigate the use of a voltammetric electronic tongue, combining different metal electrodes, for the purpose of non-invasive sample assessment, specifically focusing on sweat. A wearable electronic tongue is presented by incorporating metal electrodes on a flexible circuit board and used to non-invasively monitor sweat on the body. The data obtained from the measurements were treated by multivariate data processing. Using principal component analysis to analyze the data collected by the wearable electronic tongue enabled differentiation of sweat samples of different chemical composition, and when combined with 1H-NMR sample differentiation could be attributed to changing analyte concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Falk
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden; (M.F.); (E.J.N.); (S.C.)
- Biofilms—Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emelie J. Nilsson
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden; (M.F.); (E.J.N.); (S.C.)
- Biofilms—Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Stefan Cirovic
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden; (M.F.); (E.J.N.); (S.C.)
- Biofilms—Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Sergey Shleev
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden; (M.F.); (E.J.N.); (S.C.)
- Biofilms—Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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181
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Cheng S, Gu Z, Zhou L, Hao M, An H, Song K, Wu X, Zhang K, Zhao Z, Dong Y, Wen Y. Recent Progress in Intelligent Wearable Sensors for Health Monitoring and Wound Healing Based on Biofluids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:765987. [PMID: 34790653 PMCID: PMC8591136 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.765987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The intelligent wearable sensors promote the transformation of the health care from a traditional hospital-centered model to a personal portable device-centered model. There is an urgent need of real-time, multi-functional, and personalized monitoring of various biochemical target substances and signals based on the intelligent wearable sensors for health monitoring, especially wound healing. Under this background, this review article first reviews the outstanding progress in the development of intelligent, wearable sensors designed for continuous, real-time analysis, and monitoring of sweat, blood, interstitial fluid, tears, wound fluid, etc. Second, this paper reports the advanced status of intelligent wound monitoring sensors designed for wound diagnosis and treatment. The paper highlights some smart sensors to monitor target analytes in various wounds. Finally, this paper makes conservative recommendations regarding future development of intelligent wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Mingda Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Heng An
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyu Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochao Wu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Zeya Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yongqiang Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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182
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Ferrara F, Zoupanou S, Primiceri E, Ali Z, Chiriacò MS. Beyond liquid biopsy: Toward non-invasive assays for distanced cancer diagnostics in pandemics. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 196:113698. [PMID: 34688113 PMCID: PMC8527216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy technologies have seen a significant improvement in the last decade, offering the possibility of reliable analysis and diagnosis from several biological fluids. The use of these technologies can overcome the limits of standard clinical methods, related to invasiveness and poor patient compliance. Along with this there are now mature examples of lab-on-chips (LOC) which are available and could be an emerging and breakthrough technology for the present and near-future clinical demands that provide sample treatment, reagent addition and analysis in a sample-in/answer-out approach. The possibility of combining non-invasive liquid biopsy and LOC technologies could greatly assist in the current need for minimizing exposure and transmission risks. The recent and ongoing pandemic outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, indeed, has heavily influenced all aspects of life worldwide. Ordinary tasks have been forced to switch from “in presence” to “distanced”, limiting the possibilities for a large number of activities in all fields of life outside of the home. Unfortunately, one of the settings in which physical distancing has assumed noteworthy consequences is the screening, diagnosis and follow-up of diseases. In this review, we analyse biological fluids that are easily collected without the intervention of specialized personnel and the possibility that they may be used -or not-for innovative diagnostic assays. We consider their advantages and limitations, mainly due to stability and storage and their integration into Point-of-Care diagnostics, demonstrating that technologies in some cases are mature enough to meet current clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferrara
- STMicroelectronics s.r.l., via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy; CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Sofia Zoupanou
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy; University of Salento, Dept. of Mathematics & Physics E. de Giorgi, Via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Primiceri
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Zulfiqur Ali
- University of Teesside, School of Health & Life Sciences, Healthcare Innovation Centre, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, Tees Valley, England, UK
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183
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Mazzaracchio V, Serani A, Fiore L, Moscone D, Arduini F. All-solid state ion-selective carbon black-modified printed electrode for sodium detection in sweat. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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184
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Son J, Bae GY, Lee S, Lee G, Kim SW, Kim D, Chung S, Cho K. Cactus-Spine-Inspired Sweat-Collecting Patch for Fast and Continuous Monitoring of Sweat. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102740. [PMID: 34396596 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A sweat sensor is expected to be the most appropriate wearable device for noninvasive healthcare monitoring. However, the practical use of sweat sensors is impeded by irregular and low sweat secretion rates. Here, a sweat-collecting patch that can collect sweat efficiently for fast and continuous healthcare monitoring is demonstrated. The patch uses cactus-spine-inspired wedge-shaped wettability-patterned channels on a hierarchical microstructured/nanostructured surface. The channel shape, in combination with the superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surface materials, induces a unidirectional Laplace pressure that transports the sweat to the sensing area spontaneously even when the patch is aligned vertically. The patch demonstrates superior sweat-collecting efficiency and reduces the time required to fill the sensing area by transporting sweat almost without leaving it inside the channel. Therefore, a sensor based on the patch responds quickly to biochemicals in sweat, and the patch enables the continuous monitoring of changes in sweat biochemicals according to their changes in the wearer's blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghyun Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Geun Yeol Bae
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Giwon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Seong Won Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Daegun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Sein Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
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185
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Non-invasive wearable chemical sensors in real-life applications. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1179:338643. [PMID: 34535258 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, non-invasive wearable chemical sensors have gained tremendous attention in the field of personal health monitoring and medical diagnosis. These sensors provide non-invasive, real-time, and continuous monitoring of targeted biomarkers with more simplicity than the conventional diagnostic approaches. This review primarily describes the substrate materials used for sensor fabrication, sample collection and handling, and analytical detection techniques that are utilized to detect biomarkers in different biofluids. Common substrates including paper, textile, and hydrogel for wearable sensor fabrication are discussed. Principles and applications of colorimetric and electrochemical detection in wearable chemical sensors are illustrated. Data transmission systems enabling wireless communication between the sensor and output devices are also discussed. Finally, examples of different designs of wearable chemical sensors including tattoos, garments, and accessories are shown. Successful development of non-invasive wearable chemical sensors will effectively help users to manage their personal health, predict the potential diseases, and eventually improve the overall quality of life.
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186
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Phan LMT, Vo TAT, Hoang TX, Selvam SP, Pham HL, Kim JY, Cho S. Trending Technology of Glucose Monitoring during COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges in Personalized Healthcare. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2021; 6:2100020. [PMID: 34179343 PMCID: PMC8212092 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has continued to spread rapidly, and patients with diabetes are at risk of experiencing rapid progression and poor prognosis for appropriate treatment. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), which includes accurately tracking fluctuations in glucose levels without raising the risk of coronavirus exposure, becomes an important strategy for the self-management of diabetes during this pandemic, efficiently contributing to the diabetes care and the fight against COVID-19. Despite being less accurate than direct blood glucose monitoring, wearable noninvasive systems can encourage patient adherence by guaranteeing reliable results through high correlation between blood glucose levels and glucose concentrations in various other biofluids. This review highlights the trending technologies of glucose sensors during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic (2019-2020) that have been developed to make a significant contribution to effective management of diabetes and prevention of coronavirus spread, from off-body systems to wearable on-body CGM devices, including nanostructure and sensor performance in various biofluids. The advantages and disadvantages of various human biofluids for use in glucose sensors are also discussed. Furthermore, the challenges faced by wearable CGM sensors with respect to personalized healthcare during and after the pandemic are deliberated to emphasize the potential future directions of CGM devices for diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Minh Tu Phan
- Department of Electronic EngineeringGachon UniversitySeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐do13120Republic of Korea
- School of Medicine and PharmacyThe University of DanangDanang550000Vietnam
| | - Thuy Anh Thu Vo
- Department of Life ScienceGachon UniversitySeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐do461‐701Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Xoan Hoang
- Department of Life ScienceGachon UniversitySeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐do461‐701Republic of Korea
| | - Sathish Panneer Selvam
- Department of Electronic EngineeringGachon UniversitySeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐do13120Republic of Korea
| | - Hoang Lan Pham
- Department of Life ScienceGachon UniversitySeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐do461‐701Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Department of Life ScienceGachon UniversitySeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐do461‐701Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Electronic EngineeringGachon UniversitySeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐do13120Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyGAIHSTGachon UniversityIncheon21999Republic of Korea
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187
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Teymourian H, Tehrani F, Mahato K, Wang J. Lab under the Skin: Microneedle Based Wearable Devices. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002255. [PMID: 33646612 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While the current smartwatches and cellphones can readily track mobility and vital signs, a new generation of wearable devices is rapidly developing to enable users to monitor their health parameters at the molecular level. Within this emerging class of wearables, microneedle-based transdermal sensors are in a prime position to play a key role in synergizing the significant advantages of dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) as a rich source of clinical indicators and painless skin pricking to allow the collection of real-time diagnostic information. While initial efforts of microneedle sensing focused on ISF extraction coupled with either on-chip analysis or off-chip instrumentation, the latest trend has been oriented toward assembling electrochemical biosensors on the tip of microneedles to allow direct continuous chemical measurements. In this context, significant advances have recently been made in exploiting microneedle-based devices for real-time monitoring of various metabolites, electrolytes, and therapeutics and toward the simultaneous multiplexed detection of key chemical markers; yet, there are several grand challenges that still exist. In this review, we outline current progress, recent trends, and new capabilities of microneedle-empowered sensors, along with the current unmet challenges and a future roadmap toward transforming the latest innovations in the field to commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazhir Teymourian
- Department of Nanoengineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Farshad Tehrani
- Department of Nanoengineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Kuldeep Mahato
- Department of Nanoengineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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188
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Tu J, Gao W. Ethical Considerations of Wearable Technologies in Human Research. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100127. [PMID: 33870653 PMCID: PMC8429072 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Wearable technologies hold great promise for disease diagnosis and patient care. Despite the flourishing research activities in this field, only a handful of wearable devices are commercialized and cleared for medical usage. The successful translation of current proof-of-concept prototypes requires extensive in-human testing. There is a lag between current standards and operation protocols to guide the responsible and ethical conduct of researchers in such in-human studies and the rapid development of the field. This essay presents relevant ethical concerns in early-stage human research from a researcher's perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaobing Tu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States
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189
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Lyu Q, Gong S, Yin J, Dyson JM, Cheng W. Soft Wearable Healthcare Materials and Devices. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100577. [PMID: 34019737 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In spite of advances in electronics and internet technologies, current healthcare remains hospital-centred. Disruptive technologies are required to translate state-of-art wearable devices into next-generation patient-centered diagnosis and therapy. In this review, recent advances in the emerging field of soft wearable materials and devices are summarized. A prerequisite for such future healthcare devices is the need of novel materials to be mechanically compliant, electrically conductive, and biologically compatible. It is begun with an overview of the two viable design strategies reported in the literatures, which is followed by description of state-of-the-art wearable healthcare devices for monitoring physical, electrophysiological, chemical, and biological signals. Self-powered wearable bioenergy devices are also covered and sensing systems, as well as feedback-controlled wearable closed-loop biodiagnostic and therapy systems. Finally, it is concluded with an overall summary and future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxia Lyu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Shu Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Jialiang Yin
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Jennifer M. Dyson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Biomedicine Discovery Institute Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
- Faculty of Engineering Monash Institute of Medical Engineering (MIME) Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
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190
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Godage NH, Olomukoro AA, Emmons RV, Gionfriddo E. In vivo analytical techniques facilitated by contemporary materials. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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191
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Ghaffari R, Yang DS, Kim J, Mansour A, Wright JA, Model JB, Wright DE, Rogers JA, Ray TR. State of Sweat: Emerging Wearable Systems for Real-Time, Noninvasive Sweat Sensing and Analytics. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2787-2801. [PMID: 34351759 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skin-interfaced wearable systems with integrated colorimetric assays, microfluidic channels, and electrochemical sensors offer powerful capabilities for noninvasive, real-time sweat analysis. This Perspective details recent progress in the development and translation of novel wearable sensors for personalized assessment of sweat dynamics and biomarkers, with precise sampling and real-time analysis. Sensor accuracy, system ruggedness, and large-scale deployment in remote environments represent key opportunity areas, enabling broad deployment in the context of field studies, clinical trials, and recent commercialization. On-body measurements in these contexts show good agreement compared to conventional laboratory-based sweat analysis approaches. These device demonstrations highlight the utility of biochemical sensing platforms for personalized assessment of performance, wellness, and health across a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Da Som Yang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
| | - Joohee Kim
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
| | - Amer Mansour
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - John A. Wright
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Model
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Donald E. Wright
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John A. Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Tyler R. Ray
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawai’i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
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192
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Luo TT, Sun ZH, Li CX, Feng JL, Xiao ZX, Li WD. Monitor for lactate in perspiration. J Physiol Sci 2021; 71:26. [PMID: 34445952 PMCID: PMC10717619 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-021-00811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sweat is a noninvasive biological fluid on the surface of human skin and has attracted increasing attention as a diagnostic specimen for disease and biomarker detection. Sweat metabolite quantification is possible due to progress in sweat analysis techniques; nevertheless, the role of sweat monitoring in energy metabolism, physiological or pathological state assessment, health status assessment, and the development and outcome of metabolism-related diseases remains unclear. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on human sweat lactate concentration. The first, second, and third sections of this review present an introduction of sweat lactate, methods for the collection and storage of sweat lactate samples, and methods of detection and analysis of sweat lactate, respectively. The fourth section elaborates upon the current state of clinical application of sweat lactate monitoring and its prospects for health surveillance. The last section focuses on the challenges and future directions of this novel technology for detecting lactate in sweat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Luo
- School of Nursing, Institute of Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Hai Sun
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chu-Xin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Lian Feng
- School of Nursing, Institute of Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Xiu Xiao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- School of Nursing, Institute of Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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193
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Liu
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants School of Resources & Environmental Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai 200237 PR China
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes School of Resources & Environmental Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai 200237 PR China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Automation School of Information Science and Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai 200237 PR China
| | - Guangli Xiu
- Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants School of Resources & Environmental Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai 200237 PR China
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes School of Resources & Environmental Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai 200237 PR China
| | - Xinxin Xiao
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark
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194
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Zhu B, Li X, Zhou L, Su B. An Overview of Wearable and Implantable Electrochemical Glucose Sensors. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Xinru Li
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Bin Su
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
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195
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Li X, Huang X, Mo J, Wang H, Huang Q, Yang C, Zhang T, Chen H, Hang T, Liu F, Jiang L, Wu Q, Li H, Hu N, Xie X. A Fully Integrated Closed-Loop System Based on Mesoporous Microneedles-Iontophoresis for Diabetes Treatment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100827. [PMID: 34081407 PMCID: PMC8373098 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A closed-loop system that can mini-invasively track blood glucose and intelligently treat diabetes is in great demand for modern medicine, yet it remains challenging to realize. Microneedles technologies have recently emerged as powerful tools for transdermal applications with inherent painlessness and biosafety. In this work, for the first time to the authors' knowledge, a fully integrated wearable closed-loop system (IWCS) based on mini-invasive microneedle platform is developed for in situ diabetic sensing and treatment. The IWCS consists of three connected modules: 1) a mesoporous microneedle-reverse iontophoretic glucose sensor; 2) a flexible printed circuit board as integrated and control; and 3) a microneedle-iontophoretic insulin delivery component. As the key component, mesoporous microneedles enable the painless penetration of stratum corneum, implementing subcutaneous substance exchange. The coupling with iontophoresis significantly enhances glucose extraction and insulin delivery and enables electrical control. This IWCS is demonstrated to accurately monitor glucose fluctuations, and responsively deliver insulin to regulate hyperglycemia in diabetic rat model. The painless microneedles and wearable design endows this IWCS as a highly promising platform to improve the therapies of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐SenUniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinshuo Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jingshan Mo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hao Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qiqi Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Cheng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tao Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐SenUniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hui‐Jiuan Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tian Hang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Fanmao Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lelun Jiang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐SenUniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qianni Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hongbo Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ning Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xi Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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196
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Madden J, Barrett C, Laffir FR, Thompson M, Galvin P, O’ Riordan A. On-Chip Glucose Detection Based on Glucose Oxidase Immobilized on a Platinum-Modified, Gold Microband Electrode. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11080249. [PMID: 34436051 PMCID: PMC8392376 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the microfabrication and characterization of gold microband electrodes on silicon using standard microfabrication methods, i.e., lithography and etching techniques. A two-step electrodeposition process was carried out using the on-chip platinum reference and gold counter electrodes, thus incorporating glucose oxidase onto a platinum-modified, gold microband electrode with an o-phenylenediamine and ß-cyclodextrin mixture. The as-fabricated electrodes were studied using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The two-step electrodeposition process was conducted in low sample volumes (50 µL) of both solutions required for biosensor construction. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were utilised for electrochemical characterization at each stage of the deposition process. The enzymatic-based microband biosensor demonstrated a linear response to glucose from 2.5-15 mM, using both linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometric measurements in buffer-based solutions. The biosensor performance was examined in 30 µL volumes of fetal bovine serum. Whilst a reduction in the sensor sensitivity was evident within 100% serum samples (compared to buffer media), the sensor demonstrated linear glucose detection with increasing glucose concentrations (5-17 mM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Madden
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland; (C.B.); (M.T.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (A.O.R.)
| | - Colm Barrett
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland; (C.B.); (M.T.); (P.G.)
| | - Fathima R. Laffir
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
| | - Michael Thompson
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland; (C.B.); (M.T.); (P.G.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Paul Galvin
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland; (C.B.); (M.T.); (P.G.)
| | - Alan O’ Riordan
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland; (C.B.); (M.T.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (A.O.R.)
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197
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Flexible Enzymatic Glucose Electrochemical Sensor Based on Polystyrene-Gold Electrodes. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12070805. [PMID: 34357215 PMCID: PMC8306220 DOI: 10.3390/mi12070805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders such as the highly prevalent disease diabetes require constant monitoring. The health status of patients is linked to glucose levels in blood, which are typically measured invasively, but can also be correlated to other body fluids such as sweat. Aiming at a reliable glucose biosensor, an enzymatic sensing layer was fabricated on flexible polystyrene foil, for which a versatile nanoimprinting process for microfluidics was presented. For the sensing layer, a gold electrode was modified with a cysteine layer and glutaraldehyde cross-linker for enzyme conformal immobilization. Chronoamperometric measurements were conducted in PBS buffered glucose solution at two potentials (0.65 V and 0.7 V) and demonstrated a linear range between 0.025 mM to 2mM and an operational range of 0.025 mM to 25 mM. The sensitivity was calculated as 1.76µA/mM/cm2 and the limit of detection (LOD) was calculated as 0.055 mM at 0.7 V. An apparent Michaelis–Menten constant of 3.34 mM (0.7 V) and 0.445 mM (0.65 V) was computed. The wide operational range allows the application for point-of-care testing for a variety of body fluids. Yet, the linear range and low LOD make this biosensor especially suitable for non-invasive sweat sensing wearables.
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198
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Li H, Wu G, Weng Z, Sun H, Nistala R, Zhang Y. Microneedle-Based Potentiometric Sensing System for Continuous Monitoring of Multiple Electrolytes in Skin Interstitial Fluids. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2181-2190. [PMID: 34038108 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electrolytes play a pivotal role in regulating cardiovascular functions, hydration, and muscle activation. The current standards for monitoring electrolytes involve periodic sampling of blood and measurements using laboratory techniques, which are often uncomfortable/inconvenient to the subjects and add considerable expense to the management of their underlying disease conditions. The wide range of electrolytes in skin interstitial fluids (ISFs) and their correlations with those in plasma create exciting opportunities for applications such as electrolyte and circadian metabolism monitoring. However, it has been challenging to monitor these electrolytes in the skin ISFs. In this study, we report a minimally invasive microneedle-based potentiometric sensing system for multiplexed and continuous monitoring of Na+ and K+ in the skin ISFs. The potentiometric sensing system consists of a miniaturized stainless-steel hollow microneedle to prevent sensor delamination and a set of modified microneedle electrodes for multiplex monitoring. We demonstrate the measurement of Na+ and K+ in artificial ISFs with a fast response time, excellent reversibility and repeatability, adequate selectivity, and negligible potential interferences upon the addition of a physiologically relevant concentration of metabolites, dietary biomarkers, and nutrients. In addition, the sensor maintains the sensitivity after multiple insertions into the chicken skin model. Furthermore, the measurements in artificial ISFs using calibrated sensors confirm the accurate measurements of physiological electrolytes in artificial ISFs. Finally, the skin-mimicking phantom gel and chicken skin model experiments demonstrate the sensor's potential for minimally invasive monitoring of electrolytes in skin ISFs. The developed sensor platform can be adapted for a wide range of other applications, including real-time monitoring of nutrients, metabolites, and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Guangfu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Zhengyan Weng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - He Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Ravi Nistala
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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199
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Zhou Y, Huang X, Hu X, Tong W, Leng Y, Xiong Y. Recent advances in colorimetry/fluorimetry-based dual-modal sensing technologies. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 190:113386. [PMID: 34119839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tailored to the increasing demands for sensing technologies, the fabrication of dual-modal sensing technologies through combining two signal transduction channels into one method has been proposed and drawn considerable attention. The integration of two sensing signals not only promotes the analytical efficiency with reduced assumption, but also improves the analytical performances with enlarged detection linear range, enhanced accuracy, and boosted application flexibility. The two top-rated output signals for developing dual-modal sensors are colorimetric and fluorescent signals because of their outstanding merits for point of care applications and real-time sensitive sensing. Given the rapid development of material chemistry and nanotechnology, the recent decade has witnessed great advance in colorimetric/fluorimetric signal based dual-modal sensing technologies. The new sensing strategy leads to a broad avenue for various applications in disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring and food safety because of the complementary and synergistic effects of the two output signals. In this state-of-the-art review, we comprehensively summarize different types of colorimetric/fluorimetric dual-modal sensing methods by highlighting representative research in the last 5 years, digging into their sensing methodologies, particularly the working principles of the signal transduction systems. Then, the challenges and future prospects for boosting further development of this research field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- School of Qianhu, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China
| | - Weipeng Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Yuankui Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China.
| | - Yonghua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China; Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
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200
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Lee I, Probst D, Klonoff D, Sode K. Continuous glucose monitoring systems - Current status and future perspectives of the flagship technologies in biosensor research -. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 181:113054. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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