151
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Liu C, Cai X, Ritzau-Jost A, Kramer PF, Li Y, Khaliq ZM, Hallermann S, Kaeser PS. An action potential initiation mechanism in distal axons for the control of dopamine release. Science 2022; 375:1378-1385. [PMID: 35324301 PMCID: PMC9081985 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Information flow in neurons proceeds by integrating inputs in dendrites, generating action potentials near the soma, and releasing neurotransmitters from nerve terminals in the axon. We found that in the striatum, acetylcholine-releasing neurons induce action potential firing in distal dopamine axons. Spontaneous activity of cholinergic neurons produced dopamine release that extended beyond acetylcholine-signaling domains, and traveling action potentials were readily recorded from dopamine axons in response to cholinergic activation. In freely moving mice, dopamine and acetylcholine covaried with movement direction. Local inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors impaired dopamine dynamics and affected movement. Our findings uncover an endogenous mechanism for action potential initiation independent of somatodendritic integration and establish that this mechanism segregates the control of dopamine signaling between axons and somata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, United States
| | - Xintong Cai
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, United States
| | - Andreas Ritzau-Jost
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University; Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paul F. Kramer
- Cellular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, United States
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences; Beijing, China
| | - Zayd M. Khaliq
- Cellular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, United States
| | - Stefan Hallermann
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University; Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pascal S. Kaeser
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, United States
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152
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Hirrlinger J, Nimmerjahn A. A perspective on astrocyte regulation of neural circuit function and animal behavior. Glia 2022; 70:1554-1580. [PMID: 35297525 PMCID: PMC9291267 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies over the past two decades have demonstrated that astrocytes are
tightly associated with neurons and play pivotal roles in neural circuit
development, operation, and adaptation in health and disease. Nevertheless,
precisely how astrocytes integrate diverse neuronal signals, modulate neural
circuit structure and function at multiple temporal and spatial scales, and
influence animal behavior or disease through aberrant excitation and molecular
output remains unclear. This Perspective discusses how new and state-of-the-art
approaches, including fluorescence indicators, opto- and chemogenetic actuators,
genetic targeting tools, quantitative behavioral assays, and computational
methods, might help resolve these longstanding questions. It also addresses
complicating factors in interpreting astrocytes’ role in neural circuit
regulation and animal behavior, such as their heterogeneity, metabolism, and
inter-glial communication. Research on these questions should provide a deeper
mechanistic understanding of astrocyte-neuron assemblies’ role in neural
circuit function, complex behaviors, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hirrlinger
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Axel Nimmerjahn
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
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153
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Ashraf G, Asif M, Aziz A, Iftikhar T, Zhong ZT, Zhang S, Liu B, Chen W, Zhao YD. Advancing interfacial properties of carbon cloth via anodic-induced self-assembly of MOFs film integrated with α-MnO 2: A sustainable electrocatalyst sensing acetylcholine. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:128133. [PMID: 34968843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with tunable composition, modified structure, and morphologically controlled nanoarchitectures are quite imperative to improve the electrochemical (EC) performances of sensing platforms. Herein, EC control over the fabrication of HKUST-1 (Cu-MOFs) nanocrystals is achieved via anodic-induced electrodeposition approach following the mixing of Cu2+ salt precursor in the vicinity of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (BTC3-) ligands. The problem of controlled mass transfer and slow dispersal of MOFs is resolved by EC deposition of pyramidal-octagonal MOFs on a highly conductive and flexible carbon substrate (activated carbon cloth, ACC) wrapped with rGO layers (ACC-rGO@Cu(BTC). Further, α-MnO2 is integrated on ACC-rGO@Cu(BTC) to achieve the synergistic effect of ternary structure interfaces. The novel ACC-rGO@Cu(BTC)@MnO2 based flexible electrode exhibits striking EC performance toward non-enzymatic sensing of acetylcholine (ACh) including wide linear range (0.1 µM - 3 mM), lowest detection limit (5 nM, S/N = 3), high selectivity, and long-term stability. Moreover, the developed sensing system has been applied for real-time detection of ACh efflux released from three different cell lines and biological matrices. Our work unlocks a new prospect of precisely structured MOFs with extensive functionalities and scaled-up fabrication methods via selection of nanoscale reaction centers to develop flexible sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Ashraf
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Hubei key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, PR China
| | - Ayesha Aziz
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tayyaba Iftikhar
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zi-Tao Zhong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shujie Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Yuan-Di Zhao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics (HUST), Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China.
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154
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Stahl A, Noyes NC, Boto T, Botero V, Broyles CN, Jing M, Zeng J, King LB, Li Y, Davis RL, Tomchik SM. Associative learning drives longitudinally graded presynaptic plasticity of neurotransmitter release along axonal compartments. eLife 2022; 11:76712. [PMID: 35285796 PMCID: PMC8956283 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anatomical and physiological compartmentalization of neurons is a mechanism to increase the computational capacity of a circuit, and a major question is what role axonal compartmentalization plays. Axonal compartmentalization may enable localized, presynaptic plasticity to alter neuronal output in a flexible, experience-dependent manner. Here, we show that olfactory learning generates compartmentalized, bidirectional plasticity of acetylcholine release that varies across the longitudinal compartments of Drosophila mushroom body (MB) axons. The directionality of the learning-induced plasticity depends on the valence of the learning event (aversive vs. appetitive), varies linearly across proximal to distal compartments following appetitive conditioning, and correlates with learning-induced changes in downstream mushroom body output neurons (MBONs) that modulate behavioral action selection. Potentiation of acetylcholine release was dependent on the CaV2.1 calcium channel subunit cacophony. In addition, contrast between the positive conditioned stimulus and other odors required the inositol triphosphate receptor, which maintained responsivity to odors upon repeated presentations, preventing adaptation. Downstream from the MB, a set of MBONs that receive their input from the γ3 MB compartment were required for normal appetitive learning, suggesting that they represent a key node through which reward learning influences decision-making. These data demonstrate that learning drives valence-correlated, compartmentalized, bidirectional potentiation, and depression of synaptic neurotransmitter release, which rely on distinct mechanisms and are distributed across axonal compartments in a learning circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Stahl
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Nathaniel C Noyes
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Tamara Boto
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Valentina Botero
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Connor N Broyles
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Miao Jing
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhi Zeng
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Lanikea B King
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Yulong Li
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ronald L Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Seth M Tomchik
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
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155
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Dopamine D2 receptors modulate the cholinergic pause and inhibitory learning. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1502-1514. [PMID: 34789847 PMCID: PMC9106808 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cholinergic interneurons (CINs) in the striatum respond to salient stimuli with a multiphasic response, including a pause, in neuronal activity. Slice-physiology experiments have shown the importance of dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) in regulating CIN pausing, yet the behavioral significance of the CIN pause and its regulation by dopamine in vivo is still unclear. Here, we show that D2R upregulation in CINs of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) lengthens the pause in CIN activity ex vivo and enlarges a stimulus-evoked decrease in acetylcholine (ACh) levels during behavior. This enhanced dip in ACh levels is associated with a selective deficit in the learning to inhibit responding in a Go/No-Go task. Our data demonstrate, therefore, the importance of CIN D2Rs in modulating the CIN response induced by salient stimuli and point to a role of this response in inhibitory learning. This work has important implications for brain disorders with altered striatal dopamine and ACh function, including schizophrenia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
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156
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Liput DJ, Puhl HL, Dong A, He K, Li Y, Lovinger DM. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol mobilization following brief synaptic stimulation in the dorsal lateral striatum requires glutamatergic and cholinergic neurotransmission. Neuropharmacology 2022; 205:108916. [PMID: 34896118 PMCID: PMC8843864 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Several forms of endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling have been described in the dorsal lateral striatum (DLS), however most experimental protocols used to generate eCBs do not recapitulate the firing patterns of striatal-projecting pyramidal neurons in the cortex or firing patterns of striatal medium spiny neurons. Therefore, it is unclear if current models of eCB signaling in the DLS provide a reliable description of mechanisms engaged under physiological conditions. To address this uncertainty, we investigated mechanisms of eCB mobilization following brief synaptic stimulation that mimics in vivo patterns of neural activity in the DLS. To monitor eCB mobilization, the novel genetically encoded fluorescent eCB biosensor, GRABeCB2.0, was expressed presynaptically in corticostriatal afferents of C57BL6J mice and evoked eCB transients were measured in the DLS using a brain slice photometry technique. We found that brief bouts of synaptic stimulation induce long lasting eCB transients that were generated predominantly by 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) mobilization. Efficient 2-AG mobilization required coactivation of AMPA and NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors and muscarinic M1 receptors. Dopamine D2 receptors expressed on cholinergic interneurons inhibited 2-AG mobilization by inhibiting acetylcholine release. Collectively, these data uncover unrecognized mechanisms underlying 2-AG mobilization in the DLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Liput
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Maryland 20852, USA,Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Henry L. Puhl
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Ao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kaikai He
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - David M. Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Maryland 20852, USA,Correspondence:
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157
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Robson DN, Li JM. A dynamical systems view of neuroethology: Uncovering stateful computation in natural behaviors. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 73:102517. [PMID: 35217311 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
State-dependent computation is key to cognition in both biological and artificial systems. Alan Turing recognized the power of stateful computation when he created the Turing machine with theoretically infinite computational capacity in 1936. Independently, by 1950, ethologists such as Tinbergen and Lorenz also began to implicitly embed rudimentary forms of state-dependent computation to create qualitative models of internal drives and naturally occurring animal behaviors. Here, we reformulate core ethological concepts in explicitly dynamical systems terms for stateful computation. We examine, based on a wealth of recent neural data collected during complex innate behaviors across species, the neural dynamics that determine the temporal structure of internal states. We will also discuss the degree to which the brain can be hierarchically partitioned into nested dynamical systems and the need for a multi-dimensional state-space model of the neuromodulatory system that underlies motivational and affective states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew N Robson
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Jennifer M Li
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany.
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158
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Duffet L, Kosar S, Panniello M, Viberti B, Bracey E, Zych AD, Radoux-Mergault A, Zhou X, Dernic J, Ravotto L, Tsai YC, Figueiredo M, Tyagarajan SK, Weber B, Stoeber M, Gogolla N, Schmidt MH, Adamantidis AR, Fellin T, Burdakov D, Patriarchi T. A genetically encoded sensor for in vivo imaging of orexin neuropeptides. Nat Methods 2022; 19:231-241. [PMID: 35145320 PMCID: PMC8831244 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Orexins (also called hypocretins) are hypothalamic neuropeptides that carry out essential functions in the central nervous system; however, little is known about their release and range of action in vivo owing to the limited resolution of current detection technologies. Here we developed a genetically encoded orexin sensor (OxLight1) based on the engineering of circularly permutated green fluorescent protein into the human type-2 orexin receptor. In mice OxLight1 detects optogenetically evoked release of endogenous orexins in vivo with high sensitivity. Photometry recordings of OxLight1 in mice show rapid orexin release associated with spontaneous running behavior, acute stress and sleep-to-wake transitions in different brain areas. Moreover, two-photon imaging of OxLight1 reveals orexin release in layer 2/3 of the mouse somatosensory cortex during emergence from anesthesia. Thus, OxLight1 enables sensitive and direct optical detection of orexin neuropeptides with high spatiotemporal resolution in living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Duffet
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Seher Kosar
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariangela Panniello
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Bianca Viberti
- Center for Experimental Neurology (ZEN), Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Edward Bracey
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna D Zych
- Circuits for Emotion Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Xuehan Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Dernic
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Ravotto
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yuan-Chen Tsai
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Figueiredo
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shiva K Tyagarajan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Bruno Weber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Miriam Stoeber
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Gogolla
- Circuits for Emotion Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Markus H Schmidt
- Center for Experimental Neurology (ZEN), Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Antoine R Adamantidis
- Center for Experimental Neurology (ZEN), Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Fellin
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Denis Burdakov
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Patriarchi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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159
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Letsinger AC, Gu Z, Yakel JL. α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the hippocampal circuit: taming complexity. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:145-157. [PMID: 34916082 PMCID: PMC8914277 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cholinergic innervation of the hippocampus uses the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) to coordinate neuronal circuit activity while simultaneously influencing the function of non-neuronal cell types. The α7 nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) subtype is highly expressed throughout the hippocampus, has the highest calcium permeability compared with other subtypes of nAChRs, and is of high therapeutic interest due to its association with a variety of neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we synthesize research describing α7 nAChR properties, function, and relationship to cognitive dysfunction within the hippocampal circuit and highlight approaches to help improve therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayland C. Letsinger
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Mail Drop F2-08, P.O. Box 12233, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Zhenglin Gu
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Mail Drop F2-08, P.O. Box 12233, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Jerrel L. Yakel
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Mail Drop F2-08, P.O. Box 12233, Durham, NC, 27709, USA,Corresponding Author,
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160
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Pulin M, Stockhausen KE, Masseck OA, Kubitschke M, Busse B, Wiegert JS, Oertner TG. Orthogonally-polarized excitation for improved two-photon and second-harmonic-generation microscopy, applied to neurotransmitter imaging with GPCR-based sensors. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:777-790. [PMID: 35284188 PMCID: PMC8884218 DOI: 10.1364/boe.448760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins are excited by light that is polarized parallel to the dipole axis of the chromophore. In two-photon microscopy, polarized light is used for excitation. Here we reveal surprisingly strong polarization sensitivity in a class of genetically encoded, GPCR-based neurotransmitter sensors. In tubular structures such as dendrites, this effect led to a complete loss of membrane signal in dendrites running parallel to the polarization direction of the excitation beam. To reduce the sensitivity to dendritic orientation, we designed an optical device that generates interleaved pulse trains of orthogonal polarization. The passive device, which we inserted in the beam path of an existing two-photon microscope, removed the strong direction bias from fluorescence and second-harmonic (SHG) images. We conclude that for optical measurements of transmitter concentration with GPCR-based sensors, orthogonally polarized excitation is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Pulin
- Institute for Synaptic Physiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Research Group Synaptic Wiring and Information Processing, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kilian E. Stockhausen
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olivia A. Masseck
- Synthetic Biology, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Martin Kubitschke
- Synthetic Biology, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. Simon Wiegert
- Research Group Synaptic Wiring and Information Processing, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas G. Oertner
- Institute for Synaptic Physiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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161
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Vickstrom CR, Snarrenberg ST, Friedman V, Liu QS. Application of optogenetics and in vivo imaging approaches for elucidating the neurobiology of addiction. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:640-651. [PMID: 34145393 PMCID: PMC9190069 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The neurobiology of addiction has been an intense topic of investigation for more than 50 years. Over this time, technological innovation in methods for studying brain function rapidly progressed, leading to increasingly sophisticated experimental approaches. To understand how specific brain regions, cell types, and circuits are affected by drugs of abuse and drive behaviors characteristic of addiction, it is necessary both to observe and manipulate neural activity in addiction-related behavioral paradigms. In pursuit of this goal, there have been several key technological advancements in in vivo imaging and neural circuit modulation in recent years, which have shed light on the cellular and circuit mechanisms of addiction. Here we discuss some of these key technologies, including circuit modulation with optogenetics, in vivo imaging with miniaturized single-photon microscopy (miniscope) and fiber photometry, and how the application of these technologies has garnered novel insights into the neurobiology of addiction.
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162
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Emerging strategies for the genetic dissection of gene functions, cell types, and neural circuits in the mammalian brain. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:422-435. [PMID: 34561609 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian brain is composed of a large number of highly diverse cell types with different molecular, anatomical, and functional features. Distinct cellular identities are generated during development under the regulation of intricate genetic programs and manifested through unique combinations of gene expression. Recent advancements in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the assembly, function, and pathology of the brain circuitry depend on the invention and application of genetic strategies that engage intrinsic gene regulatory mechanisms. Here we review the strategies for gene regulation on DNA, RNA, and protein levels and their applications in cell type targeting and neural circuit dissection. We highlight newly emerged strategies and emphasize the importance of combinatorial approaches. We also discuss the potential caveats and pitfalls in current methods and suggest future prospects to improve their comprehensiveness and versatility.
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163
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Wu Z, He K, Chen Y, Li H, Pan S, Li B, Liu T, Xi F, Deng F, Wang H, Du J, Jing M, Li Y. A sensitive GRAB sensor for detecting extracellular ATP in vitro and in vivo. Neuron 2021; 110:770-782.e5. [PMID: 34942116 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purinergic transmitter ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) plays an essential role in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, and the ability to directly measure extracellular ATP in real time will increase our understanding of its physiological functions. Here, we developed a sensitive GPCR activation-based ATP sensor called GRABATP1.0, with a robust fluorescence response to extracellular ATP when expressed in several cell types. This sensor has sub-second kinetics, has ATP affinity in the range of tens of nanomolar, and can be used to localize ATP release with subcellular resolution. Using this sensor, we monitored ATP release under a variety of in vitro and in vivo conditions, including stimuli-induced and spontaneous ATP release in primary hippocampal cultures, injury-induced ATP release in a zebrafish model, and lipopolysaccharides-induced ATP-release events in individual astrocytes in the mouse cortex. Thus, the GRABATP1.0 sensor is a sensitive, versatile tool for monitoring ATP release and dynamics under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofa Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Kaikai He
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Sunlei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bohan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fengxue Xi
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiulin Du
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Miao Jing
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China.
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164
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Nasu Y, Murphy-Royal C, Wen Y, Haidey JN, Molina RS, Aggarwal A, Zhang S, Kamijo Y, Paquet ME, Podgorski K, Drobizhev M, Bains JS, Lemieux MJ, Gordon GR, Campbell RE. A genetically encoded fluorescent biosensor for extracellular L-lactate. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7058. [PMID: 34873165 PMCID: PMC8648760 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Lactate, traditionally considered a metabolic waste product, is increasingly recognized as an important intercellular energy currency in mammals. To enable investigations of the emerging roles of intercellular shuttling of L-lactate, we now report an intensiometric green fluorescent genetically encoded biosensor for extracellular L-lactate. This biosensor, designated eLACCO1.1, enables cellular resolution imaging of extracellular L-lactate in cultured mammalian cells and brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nasu
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Ciaran Murphy-Royal
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada ,grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9 Canada
| | - Yurong Wen
- grid.17089.37Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7 Canada ,grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Jordan N. Haidey
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Rosana S. Molina
- grid.41891.350000 0001 2156 6108Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
| | - Abhi Aggarwal
- grid.443970.dJanelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147 USA
| | - Shuce Zhang
- grid.17089.37Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Yuki Kamijo
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Marie-Eve Paquet
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390CERVO Brain Research Center, Laval University, Québec, QC G1E 1T2 Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Laval University, Québec, QC G1J 2G3 Canada
| | - Kaspar Podgorski
- grid.443970.dJanelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147 USA
| | - Mikhail Drobizhev
- grid.41891.350000 0001 2156 6108Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
| | - Jaideep S. Bains
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - M. Joanne Lemieux
- grid.17089.37Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7 Canada
| | - Grant R. Gordon
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Robert E. Campbell
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan ,grid.17089.37Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada
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165
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Nakamoto C, Goto Y, Tomizawa Y, Fukata Y, Fukata M, Harpsøe K, Gloriam DE, Aoki K, Takeuchi T. A novel red fluorescence dopamine biosensor selectively detects dopamine in the presence of norepinephrine in vitro. Mol Brain 2021; 14:173. [PMID: 34872607 PMCID: PMC8647500 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) are pivotal neuromodulators that regulate a broad range of brain functions, often in concert. Despite their physiological importance, untangling the relationship between DA and NE in the fine control of output function is currently challenging, primarily due to a lack of techniques to allow the observation of spatiotemporal dynamics with sufficiently high selectivity. Although genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors have been developed to detect DA, their poor selectivity prevents distinguishing DA from NE. Here, we report the development of a red fluorescent genetically encoded GPCR (G protein-coupled receptor)-activation reporter for DA termed 'R-GenGAR-DA'. More specifically, a circular permutated red fluorescent protein (cpmApple) was replaced by the third intracellular loop of human DA receptor D1 (DRD1) followed by the screening of mutants within the linkers between DRD1 and cpmApple. We developed two variants: R-GenGAR-DA1.1, which brightened following DA stimulation, and R-GenGAR-DA1.2, which dimmed. R-GenGAR-DA1.2 demonstrated a reasonable dynamic range (ΔF/F0 = - 43%), DA affinity (EC50 = 0.92 µM) and high selectivity for DA over NE (66-fold) in HeLa cells. Taking advantage of the high selectivity of R-GenGAR-DA1.2, we monitored DA in presence of NE using dual-color fluorescence live imaging, combined with the green-NE biosensor GRABNE1m, which has high selectivity for NE over DA (> 350-fold) in HeLa cells and hippocampal neurons grown from primary culture. Thus, this is a first step toward the multiplex imaging of these neurotransmitters in, for example, freely moving animals, which will provide new opportunities to advance our understanding of the high spatiotemporal dynamics of DA and NE in normal and abnormal brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Nakamoto
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Proteins in Memory - PROMEMO, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yuhei Goto
- Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Yoko Tomizawa
- Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Yuko Fukata
- Division of Membrane Physiology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Masaki Fukata
- Division of Membrane Physiology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Kasper Harpsøe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David E. Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Tomonori Takeuchi
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Proteins in Memory - PROMEMO, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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166
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Avram M, Grothe MJ, Meinhold L, Leucht C, Leucht S, Borgwardt S, Brandl F, Sorg C. Lower cholinergic basal forebrain volumes link with cognitive difficulties in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2320-2329. [PMID: 34188186 PMCID: PMC8580980 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A potential pathophysiological mechanism of cognitive difficulties in schizophrenia is a dysregulated cholinergic system. Particularly, the cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei (BFCN), the source of cortical cholinergic innervation, support multiple cognitive functions, ranging from attention to decision-making. We hypothesized that BFCN structural integrity is altered in schizophrenia and associated with patients' attentional deficits. We assessed gray matter (GM) integrity of cytoarchitectonically defined BFCN region-of-interest in 72 patients with schizophrenia and 73 healthy controls, matched for age and gender, from the COBRE open-source database, via structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based volumetry. MRI-derived measures of GM integrity (i.e., volumes) were linked with performance on a symbol coding task (SCT), a paper-pencil-based metric that assesses attention, by correlation and mediation analysis. To assess the replicability of findings, we repeated the analyses in an independent dataset comprising 26 patients with schizophrenia and 24 matched healthy controls. BFCN volumes were lower in patients (t(139)=2.51, p = 0.01) and significantly associated with impaired SCT performance (r = 0.31, p = 0.01). Furthermore, lower BFCN volumes mediated the group difference in SCT performance. When including global GM volumes, which were lower in patients, as covariates-of-no-interest, these findings disappeared, indicating that schizophrenia did not have a specific effect on BFCN relative to other regional volume changes. We replicated these findings in the independent cohort, e.g., BFCN volumes were lower in patients and mediated patients' impaired SCT performance. Results demonstrate lower BFCN volumes in schizophrenia, which link with patients' attentional deficits. Data suggest that a dysregulated cholinergic system might contribute to cognitive difficulties in schizophrenia via impaired BFCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Avram
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schleswig Holstein University Hospital, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23538, Germany.
| | - Michel J. Grothe
- grid.414816.e0000 0004 1773 7922Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lena Meinhold
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, 81675 Germany
| | - Claudia Leucht
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, 81675 Germany
| | - Stefan Leucht
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, 81675 Germany
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schleswig Holstein University Hospital, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23538 Germany
| | - Felix Brandl
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, 81675 Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, 81675 Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Neuroradiology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, 81675 Germany
| | - Christian Sorg
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, 81675 Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, 81675 Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Neuroradiology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, 81675 Germany
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167
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Robert B, Kimchi EY, Watanabe Y, Chakoma T, Jing M, Li Y, Polley DB. A functional topography within the cholinergic basal forebrain for encoding sensory cues and behavioral reinforcement outcomes. eLife 2021; 10:e69514. [PMID: 34821218 PMCID: PMC8654357 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) project throughout the cortex to regulate arousal, stimulus salience, plasticity, and learning. Although often treated as a monolithic structure, the basal forebrain features distinct connectivity along its rostrocaudal axis that could impart regional differences in BFCN processing. Here, we performed simultaneous bulk calcium imaging from rostral and caudal BFCNs over a 1-month period of variable reinforcement learning in mice. BFCNs in both regions showed equivalently weak responses to unconditioned visual stimuli and anticipated rewards. Rostral BFCNs in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band were more responsive to reward omission, more accurately classified behavioral outcomes, and more closely tracked fluctuations in pupil-indexed global brain state. Caudal tail BFCNs in globus pallidus and substantia innominata were more responsive to unconditioned auditory stimuli, orofacial movements, aversive reinforcement, and showed robust associative plasticity for punishment-predicting cues. These results identify a functional topography that diversifies cholinergic modulatory signals broadcast to downstream brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise Robert
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear InfirmaryBostonUnited States
| | - Eyal Y Kimchi
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear InfirmaryBostonUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Yurika Watanabe
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear InfirmaryBostonUnited States
| | - Tatenda Chakoma
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear InfirmaryBostonUnited States
| | - Miao Jing
- Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Daniel B Polley
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear InfirmaryBostonUnited States
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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168
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Labouesse MA, Patriarchi T. A versatile GPCR toolkit to track in vivo neuromodulation: not a one-size-fits-all sensor. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2043-2047. [PMID: 33603136 PMCID: PMC8505436 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-00982-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie A Labouesse
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, Columbia, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Patriarchi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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169
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Chakravarti A, Tsuno Y, Guler U. Towards a Tri-Color Wireless Photometry System for the Monitoring of Neuronal Activity in the Basal Forebrain and Hippocampus. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:7036-7039. [PMID: 34892723 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Healthy cholinergic function is important for brain function, and disruption of the system is thought to be the cause of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. The 'Cholinergic Hypothesis' theorizes that cognitive decline is due disruption of the cholinergic system, defined by the low concentration of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine (ACh) and neurotransmitter-releasing elements such as calcium ions (Ca2+). The ability to measure ACh and Ca2+ concentrations enables researchers to make inferences on the relationship between these indicators that play a role in the onset of neurological conditions. Current commercial devices have one or more of the following limitations: i) they are tethered making it difficult to verify in naturally behaving animal subjects, ii) they are capable of only measuring a single indicator at any given time, or iii) they have multiple shanks that penetrate the cortex. We propose a tri-color miniaturized photometry system capable of optically stimulating indicators in neurons located in the hippocampus and basal forebrain and optically reading the neurons' response. The resulting device has an average gain of 123 dB and a power consumption of 29 mW, comparable to other state-of-the-art devices.
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170
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Rosenthal JS, Yuan Q. Constructing and Tuning Excitatory Cholinergic Synapses: The Multifaceted Functions of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Drosophila Neural Development and Physiology. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:720560. [PMID: 34650404 PMCID: PMC8505678 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.720560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs) are widely distributed within the nervous system across most animal species. Besides their well-established roles in mammalian neuromuscular junctions, studies using invertebrate models have also proven fruitful in revealing the function of nAchRs in the central nervous system. During the earlier years, both in vitro and animal studies had helped clarify the basic molecular features of the members of the Drosophila nAchR gene family and illustrated their utility as targets for insecticides. Later, increasingly sophisticated techniques have illuminated how nAchRs mediate excitatory neurotransmission in the Drosophila brain and play an integral part in neural development and synaptic plasticity, as well as cognitive processes such as learning and memory. This review is intended to provide an updated survey of Drosophila nAchR subunits, focusing on their molecular diversity and unique contributions to physiology and plasticity of the fly neural circuitry. We will also highlight promising new avenues for nAchR research that will likely contribute to better understanding of central cholinergic neurotransmission in both Drosophila and other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Rosenthal
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Quan Yuan
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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171
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Ventral tegmental area GABAergic inhibition of cholinergic interneurons in the ventral nucleus accumbens shell promotes reward reinforcement. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:1414-1428. [PMID: 34385700 PMCID: PMC8823543 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The long-range GABAergic input from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is relatively understudied, and therefore its role in reward processing has remained unknown. In the present study, we show, in both male and female mice, that long-range GABAergic projections from the VTA to the ventral NAc shell, but not to the dorsal NAc shell or NAc core, are engaged in reward and reinforcement behavior. We show that this GABAergic projection exclusively synapses on to cholinergic interneurons (CINs) in the ventral NAc shell, thereby serving a specialized function in modulating reinforced reward behavior through the inhibition of ventral NAc shell CINs. These findings highlight the diversity in the structural and functional topography of VTA GABAergic projections, and their neuromodulatory interactions across the dorsoventral gradient of the NAc shell. They also further our understanding of neuronal circuits that are directly implicated in neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression and addiction.
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172
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Leung LS, Chu L. Aberrant slow waves in the hippocampus during activation in mice with low cholinergic tone. Hippocampus 2021; 31:1233-1253. [PMID: 34520598 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of acetylcholine on cortical activation were studied in wild-type (WT) mice, compared to knockout (KO) mice depleted of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) gene in the basal forebrain, and knockdown (KD) mice with heterogeneous depletion of VAChT gene in the brain. Cortical activation was assessed by comparing power spectra of local field potentials (LFPs) during activated states of rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM) or walk (WLK), with those during non-activated states of slow-wave sleep (SWS) or awake-immobility (IMM). Activation-induced suppression of delta (1-4 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) power in the hippocampus, and delta power in frontal cortex, were reduced in KO and KD mice compared to WT mice. Mean theta frequency was higher in KD than KO mice during WLK and REM, but not different between WT and KO mice. Peak theta (4-12 Hz) and integrated gamma (30-150 Hz) power were not significantly different among mouse groups. However, theta-peak-frequency selected gamma2 (62-100 Hz) power was lower in KO than WT or KD mice during WLK, and theta-peak-frequency selected theta power during REM decreased faster with high theta frequency in KO than WT/ KD mice. Theta power increase during REM compared to WLK was lower in KO and KD mice compared to WT mice. Theta-gamma cross-frequency coherence, a measure of synchronization of gamma with theta phase, was not different among mouse groups. However, during REM, SWS, and IMM, delta-gamma coherence was significantly higher and proximal-distal delta coherence in CA1 was lower in KO than WT/KD mice. We conclude that a deficiency in basal forebrain acetylcholine release not only enhances slow waves and suppresses theta-associated gamma waves during activation, but also increases delta-gamma cross-frequency coherence during nonactivated states, with a possible effect of disrupting cognitive processing during any brain state.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Stan Leung
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liangwei Chu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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173
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Hu C, Zuo H, Li Y. Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation on Neurotransmitters in the Brain. Front Public Health 2021; 9:691880. [PMID: 34485223 PMCID: PMC8415840 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.691880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of electronic information in the past 30 years, technical achievements based on electromagnetism have been widely used in various fields pertaining to human production and life. Consequently, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) has become a substantial new pollution source in modern civilization. The biological effects of EMR have attracted considerable attention worldwide. The possible interaction of EMR with human organs, especially the brain, is currently where the most attention is focused. Many studies have shown that the nervous system is an important target organ system sensitive to EMR. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have focused on the neurobiological effects of EMR, including the metabolism and transport of neurotransmitters. As messengers of synaptic transmission, neurotransmitters play critical roles in cognitive and emotional behavior. Here, the effects of EMR on the metabolism and receptors of neurotransmitters in the brain are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Hu
- Anhui Medical University, Academy of Life Sciences, Hefei, China.,Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Zuo
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Anhui Medical University, Academy of Life Sciences, Hefei, China.,Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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174
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Liu N, Huang K, Wei P, Liu X, Wang L. Modulation of Predator Cue-Evoked Tonic Immobility by Acetylcholine Released in the Basolateral Complex of the Amygdala. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1599-1604. [PMID: 34478117 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kang Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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175
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Yang Y, Gritton H, Sarter M, Aton SJ, Booth V, Zochowski M. Theta-gamma coupling emerges from spatially heterogeneous cholinergic neuromodulation. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009235. [PMID: 34329297 PMCID: PMC8357148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Theta and gamma rhythms and their cross-frequency coupling play critical roles in perception, attention, learning, and memory. Available data suggest that forebrain acetylcholine (ACh) signaling promotes theta-gamma coupling, although the mechanism has not been identified. Recent evidence suggests that cholinergic signaling is both temporally and spatially constrained, in contrast to the traditional notion of slow, spatially homogeneous, and diffuse neuromodulation. Here, we find that spatially constrained cholinergic stimulation can generate theta-modulated gamma rhythms. Using biophysically-based excitatory-inhibitory (E-I) neural network models, we simulate the effects of ACh on neural excitability by varying the conductance of a muscarinic receptor-regulated K+ current. In E-I networks with local excitatory connectivity and global inhibitory connectivity, we demonstrate that theta-gamma-coupled firing patterns emerge in ACh modulated network regions. Stable gamma-modulated firing arises within regions with high ACh signaling, while theta or mixed theta-gamma activity occurs at the peripheries of these regions. High gamma activity also alternates between different high-ACh regions, at theta frequency. Our results are the first to indicate a causal role for spatially heterogenous ACh signaling in the emergence of localized theta-gamma rhythmicity. Our findings also provide novel insights into mechanisms by which ACh signaling supports the brain region-specific attentional processing of sensory information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Yang
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Howard Gritton
- Department of Comparative Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Martin Sarter
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sara J. Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Victoria Booth
- Departments of Mathematics and Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VB); (MZ)
| | - Michal Zochowski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VB); (MZ)
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176
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Kljakic O, Al-Onaizi M, Janíčková H, Chen KS, Guzman MS, Prado MAM, Prado VF. Cholinergic transmission from the basal forebrain modulates social memory in male mice. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:6075-6092. [PMID: 34308559 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Disruptions in social behaviour are prevalent in many neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and autism spectrum disorders. However, the underlying neurochemical regulation of social behaviour is still not well understood. The central cholinergic system has been proposed to contribute to the regulation of social behaviour. For instance, decreased global levels of acetylcholine release in the brain leads to decreased social interaction and an impairment of social memory in mice. Nonetheless, it has been difficult to ascertain the specific brain areas where cholinergic signalling influences social preference and social memory. In this study, we investigated the impact of different forebrain cholinergic regions on social behaviour by examining mouse lines that differ in their regional expression level of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter-the protein that regulates acetylcholine secretion. We found that when cholinergic signalling is highly disrupted in the striatum, hippocampus, cortex and amygdala mice have intact social preference but are impaired in social memory, as they cannot remember a familiar conspecific nor recognize a novel one. A similar pattern emerges when acetylcholine release is disrupted mainly in the striatum, cortex, and amygdala; however, the ability to recognize novel conspecifics is retained. In contrast, cholinergic signalling of the striatum and amygdala does not appear to significantly contribute to the modulation of social memory and social preference. Furthermore, we demonstrated that increasing global cholinergic tone does not increase social behaviours. Together, these data suggest that cholinergic transmission from the hippocampus and cortex are important for regulating social memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornela Kljakic
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Onaizi
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Helena Janíčková
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kevin S Chen
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monica S Guzman
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vania F Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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177
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Post MR, Sulzer D. The chemical tools for imaging dopamine release. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:748-764. [PMID: 33894160 PMCID: PMC8532025 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is a modulatory neurotransmitter involved in learning, motor functions, and reward. Many neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, autism, and schizophrenia, are associated with imbalances or dysfunction in the dopaminergic system. Yet, our understanding of these pervasive public health issues is limited by our ability to effectively image dopamine in humans, which has long been a goal for chemists and neuroscientists. The last two decades have witnessed the development of many molecules used to trace dopamine. We review the small molecules, nanoparticles, and protein sensors used with fluorescent microscopy/photometry, MRI, and PET that shape dopamine research today. None of these tools observe dopamine itself, but instead harness the biology of the dopamine system-its synthetic and metabolic pathways, synaptic vesicle cycle, and receptors-in elegant ways. Their advantages and weaknesses are covered here, along with recent examples and the chemistry and biology that allow them to function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Post
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David Sulzer
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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178
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Murphy KJ, Reed DA, Trpceski M, Herrmann D, Timpson P. Quantifying and visualising the nuances of cellular dynamics in vivo using intravital imaging. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 72:41-53. [PMID: 34091131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intravital imaging is a powerful technology used to quantify and track dynamic changes in live cells and tissues within an intact environment. The ability to watch cell biology in real-time 'as it happens' has provided novel insight into tissue homeostasis, as well as disease initiation, progression and response to treatment. In this minireview, we highlight recent advances in the field of intravital microscopy, touching upon advances in awake versus anaesthesia-based approaches, as well as the integration of biosensors into intravital imaging. We also discuss current challenges that, in our opinion, need to be overcome to further advance the field of intravital imaging at the single-cell, subcellular and molecular resolution to reveal nuances of cell behaviour that can be targeted in complex disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendelle J Murphy
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Daniel A Reed
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Michael Trpceski
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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179
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Cover KK, Mathur BN. Axo-axonic synapses: Diversity in neural circuit function. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:2391-2401. [PMID: 33314077 PMCID: PMC8053672 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The chemical synapse is the principal form of contact between neurons of the central nervous system. These synapses are typically configured as presynaptic axon terminations onto postsynaptic dendrites or somata, giving rise to axo-dendritic and axo-somatic synapses, respectively. Beyond these common synapse configurations are less-studied, non-canonical synapse types that are prevalent throughout the brain and significantly contribute to neural circuit function. Among these are the axo-axonic synapses, which consist of an axon terminating on another axon or axon terminal. Here, we review evidence for axo-axonic synapse contributions to neural signaling in the mammalian nervous system and survey functional neural circuit motifs enabled by these synapses. We also detail how recent advances in microscopy, transgenics, and biological sensors may be used to identify and functionally assay axo-axonic synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara K. Cover
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA 21201
| | - Brian N. Mathur
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA 21201
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180
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Ang GWY, Tang CS, Hay YA, Zannone S, Paulsen O, Clopath C. The functional role of sequentially neuromodulated synaptic plasticity in behavioural learning. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009017. [PMID: 34111110 PMCID: PMC8192019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To survive, animals have to quickly modify their behaviour when the reward changes. The internal representations responsible for this are updated through synaptic weight changes, mediated by certain neuromodulators conveying feedback from the environment. In previous experiments, we discovered a form of hippocampal Spike-Timing-Dependent-Plasticity (STDP) that is sequentially modulated by acetylcholine and dopamine. Acetylcholine facilitates synaptic depression, while dopamine retroactively converts the depression into potentiation. When these experimental findings were implemented as a learning rule in a computational model, our simulations showed that cholinergic-facilitated depression is important for reversal learning. In the present study, we tested the model's prediction by optogenetically inactivating cholinergic neurons in mice during a hippocampus-dependent spatial learning task with changing rewards. We found that reversal learning, but not initial place learning, was impaired, verifying our computational prediction that acetylcholine-modulated plasticity promotes the unlearning of old reward locations. Further, differences in neuromodulator concentrations in the model captured mouse-by-mouse performance variability in the optogenetic experiments. Our line of work sheds light on how neuromodulators enable the learning of new contingencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Wan Yu Ang
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clara S. Tang
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Physiological Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Y. Audrey Hay
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Physiological Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Zannone
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ole Paulsen
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Physiological Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Clopath
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
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181
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Ren C, Komiyama T. Characterizing Cortex-Wide Dynamics with Wide-Field Calcium Imaging. J Neurosci 2021; 41:4160-4168. [PMID: 33893217 PMCID: PMC8143209 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3003-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain functions through coordinated activity among distributed regions. Wide-field calcium imaging, combined with improved genetically encoded calcium indicators, allows sufficient signal-to-noise ratio and spatiotemporal resolution to afford a unique opportunity to capture cortex-wide dynamics on a moment-by-moment basis in behaving animals. Recent applications of this approach have been uncovering cortical dynamics at unprecedented scales during various cognitive processes, ranging from relatively simple sensorimotor integration to more complex decision-making tasks. In this review, we will highlight recent scientific advances enabled by wide-field calcium imaging in behaving mice. We then summarize several technical considerations and future opportunities for wide-field imaging to uncover large-scale circuit dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ren
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences, and Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Takaki Komiyama
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences, and Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
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182
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Li X, Xiong H, Rommelfanger N, Xu X, Youn J, Slesinger PA, Hong G, Qin Z. Nanotransducers for Wireless Neuromodulation. MATTER 2021; 4:1484-1510. [PMID: 33997768 PMCID: PMC8117115 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the signal transmission and processing within the central nervous system (CNS) is a grand challenge in neuroscience. The past decade has witnessed significant advances in the development of new tools to address this challenge. Development of these new tools draws diverse expertise from genetics, materials science, electrical engineering, photonics and other disciplines. Among these tools, nanomaterials have emerged as a unique class of neural interfaces due to their small size, remote coupling and conversion of different energy modalities, various delivery methods, and mitigated chronic immune responses. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in nanotransducers to modulate and interface with the neural system without physical wires. Nanotransducers work collectively to modulate brain activity through optogenetic, mechanical, thermal, electrical and chemical modalities. We will compare important parameters among these techniques including the invasiveness, spatiotemporal precision, cell-type specificity, brain penetration, and translation to large animals and humans. Important areas for future research include a better understanding of the nanomaterials-brain interface, integration of sensing capability for bidirectional closed-loop neuromodulation, and genetically engineered functional materials for cell-type specific neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Hejian Xiong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Nicholas Rommelfanger
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xueqi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Jonghae Youn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Paul A. Slesinger
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,10029, USA
| | - Guosong Hong
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhenpeng Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75080, USA
- The Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75080, USA
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183
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Recent advances in development of devices and probes for sensing and imaging in the brain. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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184
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Bi X, Beck C, Gong Y. Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Indicators for Imaging Brain Chemistry. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:116. [PMID: 33920418 PMCID: PMC8069469 DOI: 10.3390/bios11040116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genetically encoded fluorescent indicators, combined with optical imaging, enable the detection of physiologically or behaviorally relevant neural activity with high spatiotemporal resolution. Recent developments in protein engineering and screening strategies have improved the dynamic range, kinetics, and spectral properties of genetically encoded fluorescence indicators of brain chemistry. Such indicators have detected neurotransmitter and calcium dynamics with high signal-to-noise ratio at multiple temporal and spatial scales in vitro and in vivo. This review summarizes the current trends in these genetically encoded fluorescent indicators of neurotransmitters and calcium, focusing on their key metrics and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yiyang Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; (X.B.); (C.B.)
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185
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Cholinergic suppression of hippocampal sharp-wave ripples impairs working memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2016432118. [PMID: 33833054 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016432118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning and memory are assumed to be supported by mechanisms that involve cholinergic transmission and hippocampal theta. Using G protein-coupled receptor-activation-based acetylcholine sensor (GRABACh3.0) with a fiber-photometric fluorescence readout in mice, we found that cholinergic signaling in the hippocampus increased in parallel with theta/gamma power during walking and REM sleep, while ACh3.0 signal reached a minimum during hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SPW-R). Unexpectedly, memory performance was impaired in a hippocampus-dependent spontaneous alternation task by selective optogenetic stimulation of medial septal cholinergic neurons when the stimulation was applied in the delay area but not in the central (choice) arm of the maze. Parallel with the decreased performance, optogenetic stimulation decreased the incidence of SPW-Rs. These findings suggest that septo-hippocampal interactions play a task-phase-dependent dual role in the maintenance of memory performance, including not only theta mechanisms but also SPW-Rs.
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186
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Jarzebowski P, Tang CS, Paulsen O, Hay YA. Impaired spatial learning and suppression of sharp wave ripples by cholinergic activation at the goal location. eLife 2021; 10:65998. [PMID: 33821790 PMCID: PMC8064750 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus plays a central role in long-term memory formation, and different hippocampal network states are thought to have different functions in this process. These network states are controlled by neuromodulatory inputs, including the cholinergic input from the medial septum. Here, we used optogenetic stimulation of septal cholinergic neurons to understand how cholinergic activity affects different stages of spatial memory formation in a reward-based navigation task in mice. We found that optogenetic stimulation of septal cholinergic neurons (1) impaired memory formation when activated at goal location but not during navigation, (2) reduced sharp wave ripple (SWR) incidence at goal location, and (3) reduced SWR incidence and enhanced theta-gamma oscillations during sleep. These results underscore the importance of appropriate timing of cholinergic input in long-term memory formation, which might help explain the limited success of cholinesterase inhibitor drugs in treating memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Jarzebowski
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Physiological Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Clara S Tang
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Physiological Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ole Paulsen
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Physiological Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Y Audrey Hay
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Physiological Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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187
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Xia J, Yang H, Mu M, Micovic N, Poskanzer KE, Monaghan JR, Clark HA. Imaging in vivo acetylcholine release in the peripheral nervous system with a fluorescent nanosensor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2023807118. [PMID: 33795516 PMCID: PMC8040656 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023807118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to monitor the release of neurotransmitters during synaptic transmission would significantly impact the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases. Here, we present a DNA-based enzymatic nanosensor for quantitative detection of acetylcholine (ACh) in the peripheral nervous system of living mice. ACh nanosensors consist of DNA as a scaffold, acetylcholinesterase as a recognition component, pH-sensitive fluorophores as signal generators, and α-bungarotoxin as a targeting moiety. We demonstrate the utility of the nanosensors in the submandibular ganglia of living mice to sensitively detect ACh ranging from 0.228 to 358 μM. In addition, the sensor response upon electrical stimulation of the efferent nerve is dose dependent, reversible, and we observe a reduction of ∼76% in sensor signal upon pharmacological inhibition of ACh release. Equipped with an advanced imaging processing tool, we further spatially resolve ACh signal propagation on the tissue level. Our platform enables sensitive measurement and mapping of ACh transmission in the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Xia
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hongrong Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michelle Mu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Nicholas Micovic
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kira E Poskanzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Kavli Insititute for Fundamental Neuroscience, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - James R Monaghan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Heather A Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115;
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
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188
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Scaplen KM, Petruccelli E. Receptors and Channels Associated with Alcohol Use: Contributions from Drosophila. Neurosci Insights 2021; 16:26331055211007441. [PMID: 33870197 PMCID: PMC8020223 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211007441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a debilitating disorder that manifests as problematic patterns of alcohol use. At the core of AUD's behavioral manifestations are the profound structural, physiological, cellular, and molecular effects of alcohol on the brain. While the field has made considerable progress in understanding the neuromolecular targets of alcohol we still lack a comprehensive understanding of alcohol's actions and effective treatment strategies. Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model for investigating the neuromolecular targets of alcohol because flies model many of the core behavioral elements of AUD and offer a rich genetic toolkit to precisely reveal the in vivo molecular actions of alcohol. In this review, we focus on receptors and channels that are often targeted by alcohol within the brain. We discuss the general roles of these proteins, their role in alcohol-associated behaviors across species, and propose ways in which Drosophila models can help advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Scaplen
- Department of Psychology, Bryant University, Smithfield, RI, USA
- Center for Health and Behavioral Studies, Bryant University, Smithfield, RI, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Emily Petruccelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA
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189
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Chen J, Cho KE, Skwarzynska D, Clancy S, Conley NJ, Clinton SM, Li X, Lin L, Zhu JJ. The Property-Based Practical Applications and Solutions of Genetically Encoded Acetylcholine and Monoamine Sensors. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2318-2328. [PMID: 33627325 PMCID: PMC7984589 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1062-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulatory communication among various neurons and non-neuronal cells mediates myriad physiological and pathologic processes, yet defining regulatory and functional features of neuromodulatory transmission remains challenging because of limitations of available monitoring tools. Recently developed genetically encoded neuromodulatory transmitter sensors, when combined with superresolution and/or deconvolution microscopy, allow the first visualization of neuromodulatory transmission with nanoscale or microscale spatiotemporal resolution. In vitro and in vivo experiments have validated several high-performing sensors to have the qualities necessary for demarcating fundamental synaptic properties of neuromodulatory transmission, and initial analysis has unveiled unexpected fine control and precision of neuromodulation. These new findings underscore the importance of synaptic dynamics in synapse-, subcellular-, and circuit-specific neuromodulation, as well as the prospect of genetically encoded transmitter sensors in expanding our knowledge of various behaviors and diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, sleeping disorders, tumorigenesis, and many others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Katriel E Cho
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
- Tools for Modern Neurobiology Class of 2020, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Daria Skwarzynska
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
- Tools for Modern Neurobiology Class of 2020, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Shaylyn Clancy
- Tools for Modern Neurobiology Class of 2020, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Nicholas J Conley
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
- Tools for Modern Neurobiology Class of 2020, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Sarah M Clinton
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - J Julius Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
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190
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Harper CB, Smillie KJ. Current molecular approaches to investigate pre-synaptic dysfunction. J Neurochem 2021; 157:107-129. [PMID: 33544872 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the course of the last few decades it has become clear that many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders have a synaptic defect, which contributes to pathogenicity. A rise in new techniques, and in particular '-omics'-based methods providing large datasets, has led to an increase in potential proteins and pathways implicated in synaptic function and related disorders. Additionally, advancements in imaging techniques have led to the recent discovery of alternative modes of synaptic vesicle recycling. This has resulted in a lack of clarity over the precise role of different pathways in maintaining synaptic function and whether these new pathways are dysfunctional in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. A greater understanding of the molecular detail of pre-synaptic function in health and disease is key to targeting new proteins and pathways for novel treatments and the variety of new techniques currently available provides an ideal opportunity to investigate these functions. This review focuses on techniques to interrogate pre-synaptic function, concentrating mainly on synaptic vesicle recycling. It further examines techniques to determine the underlying molecular mechanism of pre-synaptic dysfunction and discusses methods to identify molecular targets, along with protein-protein interactions and cellular localization. In combination, these techniques will provide an expanding and more complete picture of pre-synaptic function. With the application of recent technological advances, we are able to resolve events with higher spatial and temporal resolution, leading research towards a greater understanding of dysfunction at the presynapse and the role it plays in pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callista B Harper
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Karen J Smillie
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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191
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Sethuramanujam S, Matsumoto A, deRosenroll G, Murphy-Baum B, Grosman C, McIntosh JM, Jing M, Li Y, Berson D, Yonehara K, Awatramani GB. Rapid multi-directed cholinergic transmission in the central nervous system. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1374. [PMID: 33654091 PMCID: PMC7925691 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In many parts of the central nervous system, including the retina, it is unclear whether cholinergic transmission is mediated by rapid, point-to-point synaptic mechanisms, or slower, broad-scale 'non-synaptic' mechanisms. Here, we characterized the ultrastructural features of cholinergic connections between direction-selective starburst amacrine cells and downstream ganglion cells in an existing serial electron microscopy data set, as well as their functional properties using electrophysiology and two-photon acetylcholine (ACh) imaging. Correlative results demonstrate that a 'tripartite' structure facilitates a 'multi-directed' form of transmission, in which ACh released from a single vesicle rapidly (~1 ms) co-activates receptors expressed in multiple neurons located within ~1 µm of the release site. Cholinergic signals are direction-selective at a local, but not global scale, and facilitate the transfer of information from starburst to ganglion cell dendrites. These results suggest a distinct operational framework for cholinergic signaling that bears the hallmarks of synaptic and non-synaptic forms of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akihiro Matsumoto
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | - Claudio Grosman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 407 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - J Michael McIntosh
- George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry; School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Miao Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - David Berson
- Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Keisuke Yonehara
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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192
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Lin L, Gupta S, Zheng WS, Si K, Zhu JJ. Genetically encoded sensors enable micro- and nano-scopic decoding of transmission in healthy and diseased brains. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:443-455. [PMID: 33277628 PMCID: PMC7850973 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neural communication orchestrates a variety of behaviors, yet despite impressive effort, delineating transmission properties of neuromodulatory communication remains a daunting task due to limitations of available monitoring tools. Recently developed genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors, when combined with superresolution and deconvolution microscopic techniques, enable the first micro- and nano-scopic visualization of neuromodulatory transmission. Here we introduce this image analysis method by presenting its biophysical foundation, practical solutions, biological validation, and broad applicability. The presentation illustrates how the method resolves fundamental synaptic properties of neuromodulatory transmission, and the new data unveil unexpected fine control and precision of rodent and human neuromodulation. The findings raise the prospect of rapid advances in the understanding of neuromodulatory transmission essential for resolving the physiology or pathogenesis of various behaviors and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Smriti Gupta
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
| | - W. Sharon Zheng
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA ,grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XBiomedical Engineering Class of 2021, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Ke Si
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCollege of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XSchool of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - J. Julius Zhu
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
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193
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Roth RH, Ding JB. From Neurons to Cognition: Technologies for Precise Recording of Neural Activity Underlying Behavior. BME FRONTIERS 2020; 2020:7190517. [PMID: 37849967 PMCID: PMC10521756 DOI: 10.34133/2020/7190517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how brain activity encodes information and controls behavior is a long-standing question in neuroscience. This complex problem requires converging efforts from neuroscience and engineering, including technological solutions to perform high-precision and large-scale recordings of neuronal activity in vivo as well as unbiased methods to reliably measure and quantify behavior. Thanks to advances in genetics, molecular biology, engineering, and neuroscience, in recent decades, a variety of optical imaging and electrophysiological approaches for recording neuronal activity in awake animals have been developed and widely applied in the field. Moreover, sophisticated computer vision and machine learning algorithms have been developed to analyze animal behavior. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of technology for neuronal recordings with a focus on optical and electrophysiological methods in rodents. In addition, we discuss areas that future technological development will need to cover in order to further our understanding of the neural activity underlying behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Roth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jun B Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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194
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Unger EK, Keller JP, Altermatt M, Liang R, Matsui A, Dong C, Hon OJ, Yao Z, Sun J, Banala S, Flanigan ME, Jaffe DA, Hartanto S, Carlen J, Mizuno GO, Borden PM, Shivange AV, Cameron LP, Sinning S, Underhill SM, Olson DE, Amara SG, Temple Lang D, Rudnick G, Marvin JS, Lavis LD, Lester HA, Alvarez VA, Fisher AJ, Prescher JA, Kash TL, Yarov-Yarovoy V, Gradinaru V, Looger LL, Tian L. Directed Evolution of a Selective and Sensitive Serotonin Sensor via Machine Learning. Cell 2020; 183:1986-2002.e26. [PMID: 33333022 PMCID: PMC8025677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin plays a central role in cognition and is the target of most pharmaceuticals for psychiatric disorders. Existing drugs have limited efficacy; creation of improved versions will require better understanding of serotonergic circuitry, which has been hampered by our inability to monitor serotonin release and transport with high spatial and temporal resolution. We developed and applied a binding-pocket redesign strategy, guided by machine learning, to create a high-performance, soluble, fluorescent serotonin sensor (iSeroSnFR), enabling optical detection of millisecond-scale serotonin transients. We demonstrate that iSeroSnFR can be used to detect serotonin release in freely behaving mice during fear conditioning, social interaction, and sleep/wake transitions. We also developed a robust assay of serotonin transporter function and modulation by drugs. We expect that both machine-learning-guided binding-pocket redesign and iSeroSnFR will have broad utility for the development of other sensors and in vitro and in vivo serotonin detection, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Unger
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Chemistry, Statistics, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Physiology and Membrane Biology, the Center for Neuroscience, and Graduate Programs in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jacob P Keller
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20174, USA
| | - Michael Altermatt
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ruqiang Liang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Chemistry, Statistics, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Physiology and Membrane Biology, the Center for Neuroscience, and Graduate Programs in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Aya Matsui
- Laboratory on Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chunyang Dong
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Chemistry, Statistics, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Physiology and Membrane Biology, the Center for Neuroscience, and Graduate Programs in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Olivia J Hon
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zi Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Junqing Sun
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Chemistry, Statistics, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Physiology and Membrane Biology, the Center for Neuroscience, and Graduate Programs in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Samba Banala
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20174, USA
| | - Meghan E Flanigan
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David A Jaffe
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Chemistry, Statistics, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Physiology and Membrane Biology, the Center for Neuroscience, and Graduate Programs in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Samantha Hartanto
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Chemistry, Statistics, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Physiology and Membrane Biology, the Center for Neuroscience, and Graduate Programs in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jane Carlen
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Chemistry, Statistics, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Physiology and Membrane Biology, the Center for Neuroscience, and Graduate Programs in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Grace O Mizuno
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Chemistry, Statistics, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Physiology and Membrane Biology, the Center for Neuroscience, and Graduate Programs in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Phillip M Borden
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20174, USA
| | - Amol V Shivange
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Lindsay P Cameron
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Chemistry, Statistics, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Physiology and Membrane Biology, the Center for Neuroscience, and Graduate Programs in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Steffen Sinning
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Suzanne M Underhill
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, National Institute on Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David E Olson
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Chemistry, Statistics, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Physiology and Membrane Biology, the Center for Neuroscience, and Graduate Programs in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Susan G Amara
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, National Institute on Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Duncan Temple Lang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Chemistry, Statistics, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Physiology and Membrane Biology, the Center for Neuroscience, and Graduate Programs in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gary Rudnick
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jonathan S Marvin
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20174, USA
| | - Luke D Lavis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20174, USA
| | - Henry A Lester
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Veronica A Alvarez
- Laboratory on Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew J Fisher
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Chemistry, Statistics, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Physiology and Membrane Biology, the Center for Neuroscience, and Graduate Programs in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jennifer A Prescher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Thomas L Kash
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Chemistry, Statistics, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Physiology and Membrane Biology, the Center for Neuroscience, and Graduate Programs in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Viviana Gradinaru
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Loren L Looger
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20174, USA.
| | - Lin Tian
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Chemistry, Statistics, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Physiology and Membrane Biology, the Center for Neuroscience, and Graduate Programs in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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195
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Işbilir A, Duan Sahbaz B, Tuncgenc G, Bünemann M, Lohse MJ, Birgül-Iyison N. Pharmacological Characterization of the Stick Insect Carausius morosus Allatostatin-C Receptor with Its Endogenous Agonist. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32183-32194. [PMID: 33376856 PMCID: PMC7758886 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a pivotal role in regulating key physiological events in all animal species. Recent advances in collective analysis of genes and proteins revealed numerous potential neuropeptides and GPCRs from insect species, allowing for the characterization of peptide-receptor pairs. In this work, we used fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based genetically encoded biosensors in intact mammalian cells to study the pharmacological features of the cognate GPCR of the type-C allatostatin (AST-C) peptide from the stick insect, Carausius morosus. Analysis of multiple downstream pathways revealed that AST-C can activate the human Gi2 protein, and not Gs or Gq, through AST-C receptor (AlstRC). Activated AlstRC recruits β-arrestin2 independent of the Gi protein but stimulates ERK phosphorylation in a Gi protein-dependent manner. Identification of Gαi-, arrestin-, and GRK-like transcripts from C. morosus revealed high evolutionary conservation at the G protein level, while β-arrestins and GRKs displayed less conservation. In conclusion, our study provides experimental and homology-based evidence on the functionality of vertebrate G proteins and downstream signaling biosensors to characterize early signaling steps of an insect GPCR. These results may serve as a scaffold for developing assays to characterize pharmacological and structural aspects of other insect GPCRs and can be used in deorphanization and pesticide studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Işbilir
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty
of Arts and Sciences, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
- Max
Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
- Institute
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University
of Würzburg, Würzburg 97078, Germany
| | - Burcin Duan Sahbaz
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty
of Arts and Sciences, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Gunes Tuncgenc
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty
of Arts and Sciences, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Moritz Bünemann
- Department
of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Martin J. Lohse
- Max
Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
- Institute
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University
of Würzburg, Würzburg 97078, Germany
- ISAR
Bioscience Institute, Planegg/Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Necla Birgül-Iyison
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty
of Arts and Sciences, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
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196
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Hay YA, Jarzebowski P, Zhang Y, Digby R, Brendel V, Paulsen O, Magloire V. Cholinergic modulation of Up-Down states in the mouse medial entorhinal cortex in vitro. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:1378-1393. [PMID: 33131134 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic tone is high during wake and rapid eye movement sleep and lower during slow wave sleep (SWS). Nevertheless, the low tone of acetylcholine during SWS modulates sharp wave ripple incidence in the hippocampus and slow wave activity in the neocortex. Linking the hippocampus and neocortex, the medial entorhinal cortex (mEC) regulates the coupling between these structures during SWS, alternating between silent Down states and active Up states, which outlast neocortical ones. Here, we investigated how low physiological concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh; 100-500 nM) modulate Up and Down states in a mEC slice preparation. We find that ACh has a dual effect on mEC activity: it prolongs apparent Up state duration as recorded in individual cells and decreases the total synaptic charge transfer, without affecting the duration of detectable synaptic activity. The overall outcome of ACh application is excitatory and we show that ACh increases Up state incidence via muscarinic receptor activation. The mean firing rate of principal neurons increased in around half of the cells while the other half showed a decrease in firing rate. Using two-photon calcium imaging of population activity, we found that population-wide network events are more frequent and rhythmic during ACh and confirmed that ACh modulates cell participation in these network events, consistent with a role for cholinergic modulation in regulating information flow between the hippocampus and neocortex during SWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Audrey Hay
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Przemyslaw Jarzebowski
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard Digby
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Viktoria Brendel
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ole Paulsen
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vincent Magloire
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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197
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Sun F, Zhou J, Dai B, Qian T, Zeng J, Li X, Zhuo Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Qian C, Tan K, Feng J, Dong H, Lin D, Cui G, Li Y. Next-generation GRAB sensors for monitoring dopaminergic activity in vivo. Nat Methods 2020; 17:1156-1166. [PMID: 33087905 PMCID: PMC7648260 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-00981-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) plays a critical role in the brain, and the ability to directly measure dopaminergic activity is essential for understanding its physiological functions. We therefore developed red fluorescent G-protein-coupled receptor-activation-based DA (GRABDA) sensors and optimized versions of green fluorescent GRABDA sensors. In response to extracellular DA, both the red and green GRABDA sensors exhibit a large increase in fluorescence, with subcellular resolution, subsecond kinetics and nanomolar-to-submicromolar affinity. Moreover, the GRABDA sensors resolve evoked DA release in mouse brain slices, detect evoked compartmental DA release from a single neuron in live flies and report optogenetically elicited nigrostriatal DA release as well as mesoaccumbens dopaminergic activity during sexual behavior in freely behaving mice. Coexpressing red GRABDA with either green GRABDA or the calcium indicator GCaMP6s allows tracking of dopaminergic signaling and neuronal activity in distinct circuits in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jingheng Zhou
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Bing Dai
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tongrui Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhou Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yipan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jiesi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Dayu Lin
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Guohong Cui
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
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198
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Labouesse MA, Cola RB, Patriarchi T. GPCR-Based Dopamine Sensors-A Detailed Guide to Inform Sensor Choice for In vivo Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8048. [PMID: 33126757 PMCID: PMC7672611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how dopamine (DA) encodes behavior depends on technologies that can reliably monitor DA release in freely-behaving animals. Recently, red and green genetically encoded sensors for DA (dLight, GRAB-DA) were developed and now provide the ability to track release dynamics at a subsecond resolution, with submicromolar affinity and high molecular specificity. Combined with rapid developments in in vivo imaging, these sensors have the potential to transform the field of DA sensing and DA-based drug discovery. When implementing these tools in the laboratory, it is important to consider there is not a 'one-size-fits-all' sensor. Sensor properties, most importantly their affinity and dynamic range, must be carefully chosen to match local DA levels. Molecular specificity, sensor kinetics, spectral properties, brightness, sensor scaffold and pharmacology can further influence sensor choice depending on the experimental question. In this review, we use DA as an example; we briefly summarize old and new techniques to monitor DA release, including DA biosensors. We then outline a map of DA heterogeneity across the brain and provide a guide for optimal sensor choice and implementation based on local DA levels and other experimental parameters. Altogether this review should act as a tool to guide DA sensor choice for end-users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A. Labouesse
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Reto B. Cola
- Anatomy and Program in Neuroscience, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Patriarchi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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199
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Crouse RB, Kim K, Batchelor HM, Girardi EM, Kamaletdinova R, Chan J, Rajebhosale P, Pittenger ST, Role LW, Talmage DA, Jing M, Li Y, Gao XB, Mineur YS, Picciotto MR. Acetylcholine is released in the basolateral amygdala in response to predictors of reward and enhances the learning of cue-reward contingency. eLife 2020; 9:57335. [PMID: 32945260 PMCID: PMC7529459 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is critical for associating initially neutral cues with appetitive and aversive stimuli and receives dense neuromodulatory acetylcholine (ACh) projections. We measured BLA ACh signaling and activity of neurons expressing CaMKIIα (a marker for glutamatergic principal cells) in mice during cue-reward learning using a fluorescent ACh sensor and calcium indicators. We found that ACh levels and nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) cholinergic terminal activity in the BLA (NBM-BLA) increased sharply in response to reward-related events and shifted as mice learned the cue-reward contingency. BLA CaMKIIα neuron activity followed reward retrieval and moved to the reward-predictive cue after task acquisition. Optical stimulation of cholinergic NBM-BLA terminal fibers led to a quicker acquisition of the cue-reward contingency. These results indicate BLA ACh signaling carries important information about salient events in cue-reward learning and provides a framework for understanding how ACh signaling contributes to shaping BLA responses to emotional stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Crouse
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, United States.,Yale Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, New Haven, United States
| | - Kristen Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, United States.,Yale Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, New Haven, United States
| | - Hannah M Batchelor
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, United States.,Yale Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, New Haven, United States
| | - Eric M Girardi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Rufina Kamaletdinova
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, United States.,City University of New York, Hunter College, New York, United States
| | - Justin Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Prithviraj Rajebhosale
- Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, New York, United States.,National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, United States
| | | | - Lorna W Role
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, United States
| | - David A Talmage
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, United States
| | - Miao Jing
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Yann S Mineur
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, United States.,Yale Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, New Haven, United States
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