151
|
Rubin SJS, Bai L, Haileselassie Y, Garay G, Yun C, Becker L, Streett SE, Sinha SR, Habtezion A. Mass cytometry reveals systemic and local immune signatures that distinguish inflammatory bowel diseases. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2686. [PMID: 31217423 PMCID: PMC6584653 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Each disease is characterized by a diverse set of potential manifestations, which determine patients' disease phenotype. Current understanding of phenotype determinants is limited, despite increasing prevalence and healthcare costs. Diagnosis and monitoring of disease requires invasive procedures, such as endoscopy and tissue biopsy. Here we report signatures of heterogeneity between disease diagnoses and phenotypes. Using mass cytometry, we analyze leukocyte subsets, characterize their function(s), and examine gut-homing molecule expression in blood and intestinal tissue from healthy and/or IBD subjects. Some signatures persist in IBD despite remission, and many signatures are highly represented by leukocytes that express gut trafficking molecules. Moreover, distinct systemic and local immune signatures suggest patterns of cell localization in disease. Our findings highlight the importance of gut tropic leukocytes in circulation and reveal that blood-based immune signatures differentiate clinically relevant subsets of IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J S Rubin
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1215 Welch Road, Modular B, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Alway Building M211, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lawrence Bai
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1215 Welch Road, Modular B, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Alway Building M211, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yeneneh Haileselassie
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Alway Building M211, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Gotzone Garay
- Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Alway Building M211, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Chohee Yun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Alway Building M211, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Clinical Research - Inflammation and Respiratory Therapeutic Area, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Laren Becker
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Alway Building M211, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sarah E Streett
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Alway Building M211, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sidhartha R Sinha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Alway Building M211, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Aida Habtezion
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1215 Welch Road, Modular B, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Alway Building M211, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Samarani S, Mack DR, Bernstein CN, Iannello A, Debbeche O, Jantchou P, Faure C, Deslandres C, Amre DK, Ahmad A. Activating Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor genes confer risk for Crohn's disease in children and adults of the Western European descent: Findings based on case-control studies. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217767. [PMID: 31194766 PMCID: PMC6563976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) genes encode receptors, which are mainly expressed on, and control functional activities of, Natural Killer (NK) cells. There exist six distinct activating KIR genes in humans, who differ from one another with respect to the repertoire of these genes. Because activated NK cells can potentially cause tissue destruction, we hypothesized that variation in the inherited activating KIR genes in humans is associated with their innate susceptibility/resistance to developing Crohn disease (CD). Methods We performed case control studies on three independent Canadian CD patient cohorts (all of the Western European descent): two comprising children (Montreal having 193 cases and 245 controls, and Ottawa having 93 cases and 120 controls) and the third one comprising predominantly adults (Winnipeg having 164 cases and 200 controls). We genotyped cases and controls for activating KIR genes by PCR with gene-specific primers and investigated associations between the genes and cases using unconditional logistic regression. Results We observed strong associations between all the six KIR genes and CD in Ottawa children, with the strongest risk observed for the KIR2DS1 (p = 1.7 x10-10). Associations between all but the KIR2DS2 were replicated in the Montreal cohort with the strongest association evident for the KIR2DS5 (8.0 x 10−10). Similarly associations between five genes were observed in the adult Winnipeg cohort. In this cohort, strongest associations were evident with the KIR2DS5 (8.75 x 10−8). An overall analysis for all cohorts showed strong associations with four of the genes, with the strongest association evident for the KIR2DS5 (p = 1.35 x 10−17). In the combined analysis for four KIR genes, individuals carrying one or more of the KIR genes were at significantly higher risks for acquiring CD (p = 3.5 x 10−34). Conclusions Activating KIR genes are associated with risk for developing CD in both children and adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Samarani
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center/Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David R. Mack
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles N. Bernstein
- IBD Clinical & Research Center, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Alexandre Iannello
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center/Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olfa Debbeche
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center/Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Prevost Jantchou
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center/Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christophe Faure
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center/Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Colette Deslandres
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center/Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Devendra K. Amre
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center/Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (AA); (DKA)
| | - Ali Ahmad
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center/Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (AA); (DKA)
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Ma WT, Gao F, Gu K, Chen DK. The Role of Monocytes and Macrophages in Autoimmune Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1140. [PMID: 31178867 PMCID: PMC6543461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes (Mo) and macrophages (Mϕ) are key components of the innate immune system and are involved in regulation of the initiation, development, and resolution of many inflammatory disorders. In addition, these cells also play important immunoregulatory and tissue-repairing roles to decrease immune reactions and promote tissue regeneration. Several lines of evidence have suggested a causal link between the presence or activation of these cells and the development of autoimmune diseases. In addition, Mo or Mϕ infiltration in diseased tissues is a hallmark of several autoimmune diseases. However, the detailed contributions of these cells, whether they actually initiate disease or perpetuate disease progression, and whether their phenotype and functional alteration are merely epiphenomena are still unclear in many autoimmune diseases. Additionally, little is known about their heterogeneous populations in different autoimmune diseases. Elucidating the relevance of Mo and Mϕ in autoimmune diseases and the associated mechanisms could lead to the identification of more effective therapeutic strategies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Ma
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kui Gu
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - De-Kun Chen
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Common functional alterations identified in blood transcriptome of autoimmune cholestatic liver and inflammatory bowel diseases. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7190. [PMID: 31076612 PMCID: PMC6510750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are heterogeneous chronic autoimmune diseases that may share underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Herein, we compared simultaneously analyzed blood transcriptomes from patients with PBC, PSC, and IBD. Microarray-based measurements were conducted using RNA isolated from whole blood samples from 90, 45, 95 and 93 patients with PBC, PSC, CD, and UC, respectively, and 47 healthy controls. Expression levels of selected transcripts were analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcribed PCR using an independent cohort of 292, 71 and 727 patients with PBC, PSC, and IBD, respectively. Of 4026, 2650 and 4967 probe sets differentially expressed (adjusted p-value < 0.05) in samples from patients with PBC, PSC, and IBD, respectively, compared with healthy controls, 1946 were common to all three comparisons. Functional analyses indicated that most terms enriched for genes differentially expressed in PBC, PSC, and IBD patients compared with healthy controls were related to mitochondrial function, the vesicle endomembrane system, and GTPase-mediated processes. This study indicates that microarray-based profiling of blood gene expression supports research into the molecular mechanisms underlying disease, rather than being useful for selection of diagnostic biomarkers for use in clinical practice.
Collapse
|
155
|
Abstract
The IBDs, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract resulting from an aberrant immune response to enteric microbiota in genetically susceptible individuals. Disease presentation and progression within and across IBDs, especially Crohn's disease, are highly heterogeneous in location, severity of inflammation and other phenotypes. Current clinical classifications fail to accurately predict disease course and response to therapies. Genome-wide association studies have identified >240 loci that confer risk of IBD, but the clinical utility of these findings remains unclear, and mechanisms by which the genetic variants contribute to disease are largely unknown. In the past 5 years, the profiling of genome-wide gene expression, epigenomic features and gut microbiota composition in intestinal tissue and faecal samples has uncovered distinct molecular signatures that define IBD subtypes, including within Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In this Review, we summarize studies in both adult and paediatric patients that have identified different IBD subtypes, which in some cases have been associated with distinct clinical phenotypes. We posit that genome-scale molecular phenotyping in large cohorts holds great promise not only to further our understanding of the diverse molecular causes of IBD but also for improving clinical trial design to develop more personalized disease management and treatment.
Collapse
|
156
|
Dovrolis N, Filidou E, Kolios G. Systems biology in inflammatory bowel diseases: on the way to precision medicine. Ann Gastroenterol 2019; 32:233-246. [PMID: 31040620 PMCID: PMC6479645 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2019.0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The elucidation of their etiopathology requires complex and multiple approaches. Systems biology has come to fulfill this need in approaching the pathogenetic mechanisms of IBD and its etiopathology, in a comprehensive way, by combining data from different scientific sources. In combination with bioinformatics and network medicine, it uses principles from computer science, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine and computational tools to achieve its purposes. Systems biology utilizes scientific sources that provide data from omics studies (e.g., genomics, transcriptomics, etc.) and clinical observations, whose combined analysis leads to network formation and ultimately to a more integrative image of disease etiopathogenesis. In this review, we analyze the current literature on the methods and the tools utilized by systems biology in order to cover an innovative and exciting field: IBD-omics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Dovrolis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eirini Filidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Correspondence to: Prof. George Kolios, MD PhD, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Pavlidis S, Monast C, Loza MJ, Branigan P, Chung KF, Adcock IM, Guo Y, Rowe A, Baribaud F. I_MDS: an inflammatory bowel disease molecular activity score to classify patients with differing disease-driving pathways and therapeutic response to anti-TNF treatment. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006951. [PMID: 31039157 PMCID: PMC6510457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are driven by both common and distinct underlying mechanisms of pathobiology. Both diseases, exhibit heterogeneity underscored by the variable clinical responses to therapeutic interventions. We aimed to identify disease-driving pathways and classify individuals into subpopulations that differ in their pathobiology and response to treatment. We applied hierarchical clustering of enrichment scores derived from gene set variation analysis of signatures representative of various immunological processes and activated cell types, to a colonic biopsy dataset that included healthy volunteers, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients. Patient stratification at baseline or after anti-TNF treatment in clinical responders and non-responders was queried. Signatures with significantly different enrichment scores were identified using a general linear model. Comparisons to healthy controls were made at baseline in all participants and then separately in responders and non-responders. Fifty-nine percent of the signatures were commonly enriched in both conditions at baseline, supporting the notion of a disease continuum within ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Signatures included T cells, macrophages, neutrophil activation and poly:IC signatures, representing acute inflammation and a complex mix of potential disease-driving biology. Collectively, identification of significantly enriched signatures allowed establishment of an inflammatory bowel disease molecular activity score which uses biopsy transcriptomics as a surrogate marker to accurately track disease severity. This score separated diseased from healthy samples, enabled discrimination of clinical responders and non-responders at baseline with 100% specificity and 78.8% sensitivity, and was validated in an independent data set that showed comparable classification. Comparing responders and non-responders separately at baseline to controls, 43% and 70% of signatures were enriched, respectively, suggesting greater molecular dysregulation in TNF non-responders at baseline. This methodological approach could facilitate better targeted design of clinical studies to test therapeutics, concentrating on patient subsets sharing similar underlying pathobiology, therefore increasing the likelihood of clinical response. Patients exhibiting similar phenotypical characteristics, diagnosed with the same disease, exhibit variable response to therapeutics. This is a major health care issue, due to the increased patient suffering and the socioeconomical burden that occurs. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis constitute good examples of inflammatory conditions, with sufferers responding differentially to existent therapeutics. Here, we identified disease-driving pathways and classified individuals into subpopulations that differ in their pathobiology and response to treatment. We utilized gene set variation analysis and transcriptomic data from inflammatory bowel disease sufferers to stratify patients at baseline or after anti-TNF treatment in clinical responders and non-responders. We explored gene signatures obtained from the literature, relevant to immune processes, which were significantly enriched in disease compared to healthy controls, as well as before and after treatment. Using these signatures, we established an inflammatory bowel disease molecular activity score, which allowed us to separate clinical responders and non-responders at baseline with high specificity and sensitivity. We validated the proposed approach in an independent data set, demonstrating comparable classification. This methodological approach may lead to better targeted design of clinical studies, allowing the selection of patient sharing similar underlying pathobiology, thus increasing the likelihood of clinical response to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stelios Pavlidis
- Janssen Research & Development Ltd, High Wycombe, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College & Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Calixte Monast
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Loza
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, United States of America
| | | | - Kiang F. Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College & Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College & Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yike Guo
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Rowe
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, United States of America
| | - Frédéric Baribaud
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Bhattacharjee A, Szabó Á, Csizmadia T, Laczkó-Dobos H, Juhász G. Understanding the importance of autophagy in human diseases using Drosophila. J Genet Genomics 2019; 46:157-169. [PMID: 31080044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent intracellular degradation pathway that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases, either positively or negatively impacting disease outcomes depending on the specific context. The majority of medical conditions including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, infections and immune system disorders and inflammatory bowel disease could probably benefit from therapeutic modulation of the autophagy machinery. Drosophila represents an excellent model animal to study disease mechanisms thanks to its sophisticated genetic toolkit, and the conservation of human disease genes and autophagic processes. Here, we provide an overview of the various autophagy pathways observed both in flies and human cells (macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy), and discuss Drosophila models of the above-mentioned diseases where fly research has already helped to understand how defects in autophagy genes and pathways contribute to the relevant pathomechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Bhattacharjee
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári Krt. 62., Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Áron Szabó
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári Krt. 62., Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csizmadia
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Sétány 1/C, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Laczkó-Dobos
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári Krt. 62., Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári Krt. 62., Szeged, H-6726, Hungary; Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Sétány 1/C, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Castro-Dopico T, Dennison TW, Ferdinand JR, Mathews RJ, Fleming A, Clift D, Stewart BJ, Jing C, Strongili K, Labzin LI, Monk EJM, Saeb-Parsy K, Bryant CE, Clare S, Parkes M, Clatworthy MR. Anti-commensal IgG Drives Intestinal Inflammation and Type 17 Immunity in Ulcerative Colitis. Immunity 2019; 50:1099-1114.e10. [PMID: 30876876 PMCID: PMC6477154 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic, relapsing condition with two subtypes, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in UC implicate a FCGR2A variant that alters the binding affinity of the antibody receptor it encodes, FcγRIIA, for immunoglobulin G (IgG). Here, we aimed to understand the mechanisms whereby changes in FcγRIIA affinity would affect inflammation in an IgA-dominated organ. We found a profound induction of anti-commensal IgG and a concomitant increase in activating FcγR signaling in the colonic mucosa of UC patients. Commensal-IgG immune complexes engaged gut-resident FcγR-expressing macrophages, inducing NLRP3- and reactive-oxygen-species-dependent production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and neutrophil-recruiting chemokines. These responses were modulated by the FCGR2A genotype. In vivo manipulation of macrophage FcγR signal strength in a mouse model of UC determined the magnitude of intestinal inflammation and IL-1β-dependent type 17 immunity. The identification of an important contribution of IgG-FcγR-dependent inflammation to UC has therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Castro-Dopico
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Thomas W Dennison
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - John R Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Rebeccah J Mathews
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Aaron Fleming
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Dean Clift
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Benjamin J Stewart
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Chenzhi Jing
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Konstantina Strongili
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cambridge Universities NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Larisa I Labzin
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Edward J M Monk
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | | | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Simon Clare
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Miles Parkes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cambridge Universities NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinton CB10 1SA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Mirsepasi-Lauridsen HC, Vallance BA, Krogfelt KA, Petersen AM. Escherichia coli Pathobionts Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 32:e00060-18. [PMID: 30700431 PMCID: PMC6431131 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00060-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut bacteria play a key role in initiating and maintaining the inflammatory process in the gut tissues of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, by supplying antigens or other stimulatory factors that trigger immune cell activation. Changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota in IBD patients compared to that in healthy controls and a reduced diversity of intestinal microbial species are linked to the pathogenesis of IBD. Adherent invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) has been linked to Crohn's disease (CD) patients, while diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC) has been associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). Bacteriological analysis of intestinal biopsy specimens and fecal samples from IBD patients shows an increased number of E. coli strains belonging to the B2 phylogenetic group, which are typically known as extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Results from studies of both cell cultures and animal models reveal pathogenic features of these E. coli pathobionts, which may link them to IBD pathogenesis. This suggests that IBD-associated E. coli strains play a facilitative role during IBD flares. In this review, we explain IBD-associated E. coli and its role in IBD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce Andrew Vallance
- Division of Gastroenterology, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karen Angeliki Krogfelt
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Viral and Microbiological Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Munk Petersen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Moschen AR, Tilg H, Raine T. IL-12, IL-23 and IL-17 in IBD: immunobiology and therapeutic targeting. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:185-196. [PMID: 30478416 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
IL-12 and IL-23 are closely related cytokines with important roles in the regulation of tissue inflammation. Converging evidence from studies in mice, human observational studies and population genetics supports the importance of these cytokines in the regulation of mucosal inflammation in the gut in particular. Ustekinumab, a therapeutic antibody targeting both cytokines is now widely licensed for the treatment of Crohn's disease, including in Europe, the USA, Canada and Japan, whilst agents targeting IL-23 specifically are in late-phase clinical trials. We review the emerging understanding of the biology of IL-12 and IL-23, as well as that of their major downstream cytokines, including IL-17. In particular, we discuss how their biology has influenced the development of clinical trials and therapeutic strategies in IBD, as well as how findings from clinical trials, at times surprising, have in turn refocused our understanding of the underlying biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Moschen
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine 1, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine 1, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tim Raine
- Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Matthews SM, Eshelman MA, Berg AS, Koltun WA, Yochum GS. The Crohn's disease associated SNP rs6651252 impacts MYC gene expression in human colonic epithelial cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212850. [PMID: 30794691 PMCID: PMC6386311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a debilitating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that arises from chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 200 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with a predisposition for developing IBD. For the majority, the causal variant and target genes affected are unknown. Here, we investigated the CD-associated SNP rs6651252 that maps to a gene desert region on chromosome 8. We demonstrate that rs6651252 resides within a Wnt responsive DNA enhancer element (WRE) and that the disease associated allele augments binding of the TCF7L2 transcription factor to this region. Using CRISPR/Cas9 directed gene editing and epigenetic modulation, we find that the rs6651252 enhancer regulates expression of the c-MYC proto-oncogene (MYC). Furthermore, we found MYC transcript levels are elevated in patient-derived colonic segments harboring the disease-associated allele in comparison to those containing the ancestral allele. These results suggest that Wnt/MYC signaling contributes to CD pathogenesis and that patients harboring the disease-associated allele may benefit from therapies that target MYC or MYC-regulated genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Matthews
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Melanie A. Eshelman
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Arthur S. Berg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Walter A. Koltun
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gregory S. Yochum
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Gajula P, Quigley EM. Overlapping irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. MINERVA GASTROENTERO 2019; 65:107-115. [PMID: 30746927 DOI: 10.23736/s1121-421x.19.02559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of irritable bowel-type symptoms occurring in patients with inflammatory bowel disease who are in apparent remission continues to generate scientific controversy and the interpretation and management of these symptoms, so distressing to the sufferer, represent major challenges for the clinician. On the one hand, these symptoms often satisfy Rome IV criteria for IBS and their occurrence correlates highly with anxiety, a known trigger for IBS. On the other hand, recent studies have shown that many of these patients exhibit subtle inflammatory changes. These observations beg the question: are these symptoms "true" IBS superimposed on IBD, or an active but subclinical form of IBD? While it is certain that earlier studies failed to detect subclinical inflammation, it is also evident that even with the use of sensitive biomarkers for inflammation, such as calprotectin and lactoferrin backed up by pan-endoscopy and biopsy to exclude ongoing inflammatory activity in its most subtle form, the prevalence of IBS-type symptoms remains higher than expected in the IBD patient. Pending further definition of its etiology and pathology, we coined the term irritable inflammatory bowel syndrome (IIBS) to refer to this phenomenon. Here we explore the risk factors for this entity, sift through clues to its pathogenesis and attempt to provide, albeit bereft of a robust evidence base, an approach to its management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prianka Gajula
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eamonn M Quigley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lynda K. and David M. Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA -
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Colonna M. Innate Lymphoid Cells: Diversity, Plasticity, and Unique Functions in Immunity. Immunity 2019; 48:1104-1117. [PMID: 29924976 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Type 1, 2, and 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged as tissue-resident innate correlates of T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, and Th17 cells. Recent studies suggest that ILCs are more diverse than originally proposed; this might reflect truly distinct lineages or adaptation of ILCs to disparate tissue microenvironments, known as plasticity. Given that ILCs strikingly resemble T cells, are they redundant? While the regulation, timing, and magnitude of ILC and primary T cell responses differ, tissue-resident memory T cells may render ILCs redundant during secondary responses. The unique impact of ILCs in immunity is probably embodied in the extensive array of surface and intracellular receptors that endow these cells with the ability to distinguish between normal and pathogenic components, interact with other cells, and calibrate their cytokine secretion accordingly. Here I review recent advances in elucidating the diversity of ILCs and discuss their unique and redundant functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Abstract
Redox signalling in the gastrointestinal mucosa is held in an intricate balance. Potent microbicidal mechanisms can be used by infiltrating immune cells, such as neutrophils, to protect compromised mucosae from microbial infection through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Unchecked, collateral damage to the surrounding tissue from neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species can be detrimental; thus, maintenance and restitution of a breached intestinal mucosal barrier are paramount to host survival. Redox reactions and redox signalling have been studied for decades with a primary focus on contributions to disease processes. Within the past decade, an upsurge of exciting findings have implicated subtoxic levels of oxidative stress in processes such as maintenance of mucosal homeostasis, the control of protective inflammation and even regulation of tissue wound healing. Resident gut microbial communities have been shown to trigger redox signalling within the mucosa, which expresses similar but distinct enzymes to phagocytes. At the fulcrum of this delicate balance is the colonic mucosal epithelium, and emerging evidence suggests that precise control of redox signalling by these barrier-forming cells may dictate the outcome of an inflammatory event. This Review will address both the spectrum and intensity of redox activity pertaining to host-immune and host-microbiota crosstalk during homeostasis and disease processes in the gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
|
166
|
Dalzell AM, Ba'Ath ME. Paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: review with a focus on practice in low- to middle-income countries. Paediatr Int Child Health 2019; 39:48-58. [PMID: 30900526 DOI: 10.1080/20469047.2019.1575056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) should be considered in any child with a persistently altered bowel habit. Growth failure may be a consequence and there may also be extra-intestinal manifestations. Oesophago-gastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy and conventional histopathology are the diagnostic tools of choice in IBD. The identification and management of children with IBD in resource-poor settings is difficult and there are few data on its prevalence in low- and middle-income countries. The main challenges are a lack of resources and infrastructure including trained personnel in settings where there are other priorities for maintaining the health and wellbeing of children. The identification and management of children with inflammatory bowel conditions often depends on the enthusiasm, skill and commitment of a few dedicated individuals. Abbreviations: ADA: Adalimumab; CD: Crohn disease; ECCO: European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation; EEN: exclusive enteral nutrition; ESPGHAN: European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition; FMT: faecal microbiota transplantation; GDP: gross domestic product; HIC: high-income countries; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; IBDU: inflammatory bowel disease unclassified; IC: ileocolonoscopy; IFX: infliximab; IPAA: ileal pouch anal anastomosis; LMIC: low- and middle-income countries; MH: mucosal healing; OGD: oesophago-gastroduodenoscopy; PCDAI: Paediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index; PIBD: paediatric inflammatory bowel disease; PUCAI: Paediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index; UC: ulcerative colitis; UGIT: upper gastrointestinal tract; VEO-IBD: very early-onset IBD; WLE: white light endoscopy; 5-ASA: 5 aminosalicylic acid; 6-MP: 6-mercaptopurine.
Collapse
|
167
|
Abstract
Despite the revolution in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment over the past two decades with the advent of biological therapies, there remains a substantial proportion of patients with inadequate or unsustained response to existent therapies. The overwhelming focus of IBD therapeutics has been targeting mucosal immunity, however with the developing evidence base pointing to the role of gut microbes in the inflammatory process, renewed focus should be placed on the impact of manipulating the microbiome in IBD management. This review provides an overview of the evidence implicating bacteria in the pathogenesis of gut inflammation in IBD and provides an overview of the evidence of antibiotics in IBD treatment. We also suggest a potential role of antibiotics in clinical practice based on available evidence and clinical experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oren Ledder
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Duleba M, Qi Y, Mahalingam R, Flynn K, Rinaldi F, Liew AA, Neupane R, Vincent M, Crum CP, Ho KY, Hou JK, Hyams JS, Sylvester FA, McKeon F, Xian W. An Efficient Method for Cloning Gastrointestinal Stem Cells From Patients via Endoscopic Biopsies. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:20-23. [PMID: 30296437 PMCID: PMC6309951 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Duleba
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Yutao Qi
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Rajasekaran Mahalingam
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | | | | | - Audrey-Ann Liew
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Rahul Neupane
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - Matthew Vincent
- Tract Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Marlborough, Massachusetts 01752, USA
| | - Christopher P. Crum
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Khek Yu Ho
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Jason K. Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Hyams
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, USA
| | - Francisco A. Sylvester
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Frank McKeon
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - Wa Xian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School of University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School of University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
169
|
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), represented by Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, are associated with major morbidity in Western countries and with increasing incidence in the developing world. Although analysis of the genome of patients with IBD, especially through genome-wide association studies, has unraveled multiple pathways involved in IBD pathogenesis, only part of IBD heritability has been explained by genetic studies. This finding has revealed that environmental factors also play a major role in promoting intestinal inflammation, mostly through their effects in the composition of the microbiome. However, in order for microbial dysbiosis to result in uncontrolled intestinal inflammation, the intestinal barrier formed by intestinal epithelial cells and the innate immune system should also be compromised. Finally, activation of the immune system depends on the working balance between effector and regulatory cells present in the intestinal mucosa, which have also been found to be dysregulated in this patient population. Therefore, IBD pathogenesis is a result of the interplay of genetic susceptibility and environmental impact on the microbiome that through a weakened intestinal barrier will lead to inappropriate intestinal immune activation. In this article, we will review the mechanisms proposed to cause IBD from the genetic, environmental, intestinal barrier, and immunologic perspectives.
Collapse
|
170
|
Castellanos JG, Woo V, Viladomiu M, Putzel G, Lima S, Diehl GE, Marderstein AR, Gandara J, Perez AR, Withers DR, Targan SR, Shih DQ, Scherl EJ, Longman RS. Microbiota-Induced TNF-like Ligand 1A Drives Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cell-Mediated Barrier Protection and Intestinal T Cell Activation during Colitis. Immunity 2018; 49:1077-1089.e5. [PMID: 30552020 PMCID: PMC6301104 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results from a dysregulated interaction between the microbiota and a genetically susceptible host. Genetic studies have linked TNFSF15 polymorphisms and its protein TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A) with IBD, but the functional role of TL1A is not known. Here, we found that adherent IBD-associated microbiota induced TL1A release from CX3CR1+ mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs). Using cell-specific genetic deletion models, we identified an essential role for CX3CR1+MNP-derived TL1A in driving group 3 innate lymphoid cell (ILC3) production of interleukin-22 and mucosal healing during acute colitis. In contrast to this protective role in acute colitis, TL1A-dependent expression of co-stimulatory molecule OX40L in MHCII+ ILC3s during colitis led to co-stimulation of antigen-specific T cells that was required for chronic T cell colitis. These results identify a role for ILC3s in activating intestinal T cells and reveal a central role for TL1A in promoting ILC3 barrier immunity during colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jim G Castellanos
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Viola Woo
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Monica Viladomiu
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Gregory Putzel
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Svetlana Lima
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Gretchen E Diehl
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Andrew R Marderstein
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Jorge Gandara
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Alexendar R Perez
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - David R Withers
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephan R Targan
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - David Q Shih
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Ellen J Scherl
- Jill Roberts Center for IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Randy S Longman
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA; Jill Roberts Center for IBD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Rojas-Feria M, Romero-García T, Fernández Caballero-Rico JÁ, Pastor Ramírez H, Avilés-Recio M, Castro-Fernandez M, Chueca Porcuna N, Romero-Gόmez M, García F, Grande L, Del Campo JA. Modulation of faecal metagenome in Crohn’s disease: Role of microRNAs as biomarkers. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:5223-5233. [PMID: 30581271 PMCID: PMC6295834 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i46.5223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays a key role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and the development and activation of the host immune system. It has been shown that commensal bacterial species can regulate the expression of host genes. 16S rRNA gene sequencing has shown that the microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is abnormal and characterized by reduced diversity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been explored as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, since they are able to regulate specific genes associated with Crohn’s disease (CD). In this work, we aim to investigate the composition of gut microbiota of active treatment-naïve adult CD patients, with miRNA profile from gut microbiota.
AIM To investigate the composition of gut microbiota of active treatment-naïve adult CD patients, with miRNA profile from gut microbiota.
METHODS Patients attending the outpatient clinics at Valme University Hospital without relevant co-morbidities were matched according to age and gender. Faecal samples of new-onset CD patients, free of treatment, and healthy controls were collected. Faecal samples were homogenized, and DNA was amplified by PCR using primers directed to the 16S bacterial rRNA gene. Pyrosequencing was performed using GS-Junior platform. For sequence analysis, MG-RAST server with the database Ribosomal Project was used. MiRNA profile and their relative abundance were analyzed by quantitative PCR.
RESULTS Microbial community was characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 29 samples (n = 13 CD patients, and n = 16 healthy controls). The mean Shannon diversity was higher in the healthy control population compared to CD group (5.5 vs 3.7). A reduction in Firmicutes and an increase in Bacteroidetes were found. Clostridia class was also significantly reduced in CD. Principal components analysis showed a grouping pattern, identified in most of the subjects in both groups, showing a marked difference between control and CD groups. A functional metabolic study showed that a lower metabolism of carbohydrates (P = 0.000) was found in CD group, while the metabolism of lipids was increased. In CD patients, three miRNAs were induced in affected mucosa: mir-144 (6.2 ± 1.3 fold), mir-519 (21.8 ± 3.1) and mir-211 (2.3 ± 0.4).
CONCLUSION Changes in microbial function in active non-treated CD subjects and three miRNAs in affected vs non-affected mucosa have been found. miRNAs profile may serve as a biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Rojas-Feria
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Valme University Hospital, UGC Digestive Disease and CIBERehd, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Seville E-41014, Spain
| | - Teresa Romero-García
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Valme University Hospital, UGC Digestive Disease and CIBERehd, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Seville E-41014, Spain
| | - Jose Ángel Fernández Caballero-Rico
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Microbiology, Granada E-18016, Spain
- Facultad de ciencias de la salud. Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes, Madrid E-28280, Spain
| | - Helena Pastor Ramírez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Digestive Diseases, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío and CIBERehd, Seville E-41013, Spain
| | - Marta Avilés-Recio
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Valme University Hospital, UGC Digestive Disease and CIBERehd, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Seville E-41014, Spain
| | - Manuel Castro-Fernandez
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Valme University Hospital, UGC Digestive Disease and CIBERehd, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Seville E-41014, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Romero-Gόmez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Digestive Diseases, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío and CIBERehd, Seville E-41013, Spain
| | - Federico García
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Microbiology, Granada E-18016, Spain
| | - Lourdes Grande
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Valme University Hospital, UGC Digestive Disease and CIBERehd, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Seville E-41014, Spain
| | - José A Del Campo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Valme University Hospital, UGC Digestive Disease and CIBERehd, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Seville E-41014, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
Niriella MA, Liyanage IK, Kodisinghe SK, Silva APD, Rajapakshe N, Nanayakkara SD, Luke D, Silva T, Nawarathne M, Peiris RK, Kalubovila UP, Kumarasena SR, Dissanayake VHW, Jayasekara RW, de Silva HJ. Genetic associations of inflammatory bowel disease in a South Asian population. World J Clin Cases 2018; 6:908-915. [PMID: 30568945 PMCID: PMC6288502 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i15.908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To estimate prevalence and phenotypic associations of selected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated genetic variants among Sri Lankan patients.
METHODS A case study of histologically confirmed ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD) patients with ≥ 1 year disease duration, who were compared to unrelated, gender-matched, healthy individuals as controls, was conducted at four major centers in Sri Lanka. Phenotypic data of the cases were obtained and all participants were genotyped for 16 selected genetic variants: IL12B:rs1045431, IL23R:rs11805303, ARPC2:rs12612347, IRGM:rs13361189, IL26/IL22:rs1558744, CDH1:rs1728785, IL10:rs3024505, FCGR2A:rs3737240, PTGER4:rs4613763, IL17REL/PIM3:rs5771069, HNF4a:rs6017342, STAT3:rs744166, SMURF1:rs7809799, LAMB1:rs886774, HLA-DRB5, DQA1, DRB1, DRA:rs9268853, MST1, UBA7, and APEH:rs9822268. The genotypes of all variants were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (P > 10−3). To account for multiple hypothesis testing, P-values < 0.003 were considered significant.
RESULTS A total of 415 patients and 465 controls were recruited. Out of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tested, the majority were not associated with IBD in Sri Lankans. Significant positive associations were noted between rs886774 (LAMB1-gene) and UC (odds ratio (OR) = 1.42, P = 0.001). UC patients with rs886774 had mild disease (OR = 1.66, P < 0.001) and remained in remission (OR = 1.48, P < 0.001). A positive association was noted between rs10045431 (IL 12B gene) and upper gastrointestinal involvement in CD (OR = 4.76, P = 0.002).
CONCLUSION This confirms the heterogeneity of allelic mutations in South Asians compared to Caucasians. Most SNPs and disease associations reported here have not been described in South Asians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nimna Rajapakshe
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama GQ 10110, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Dunya Luke
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama GQ 10110, Sri Lanka
| | - Thilakshi Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama GQ 10110, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Ranjith K Peiris
- Gastroenterology Unit, Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Kalubovila 80000, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | - Rohan W Jayasekara
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 0010, Sri Lanka
| | | |
Collapse
|
173
|
The emerging role of lncRNAs in inflammatory bowel disease. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-14. [PMID: 30523244 PMCID: PMC6283835 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression is linked to the development of various diseases. Recently, an emerging body of evidence has indicated that lncRNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative Colitis (UC). In IBD, lncRNAs have been shown to be involved in diverse processes, including the regulation of intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, association with lipid metabolism, and cell–cell interactions, thereby enhancing inflammation and the functional regulation of regulatory T cells. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of lncRNAs in IBD and highlight potential avenues for future investigation. We also collate potentially immune-relevant, IBD-associated lncRNAs identified through a built-by association analysis with respect to their neighboring protein-coding genes within IBD-susceptible loci. We further underscore their importance by highlighting their enrichment for various aspects of immune system regulation, including antigen processing/presentation, immune cell proliferation and differentiation, and chronic inflammatory responses. Finally, we summarize the potential of lncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers in IBD. Studying long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may improve diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These RNAs are found between genes in DNA regions previously thought to be “junk,” and have recently been shown to be important in development of various diseases. IBD, which includes both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, damages the digestive tract lining, causing pain and chronic diarrhea. A better understanding of IBD’s complex causes is needed to identify more effective treatments. Flemming Pociot at the Steno Diabetes Center in Gentofte, Denmark, and co-workers reviewed recent research linking lncRNAs and IBD. They discuss how lncRNAs’ roles in immunity and inflammation influence IBD development, describing how particular lncRNAs are related to IBD. Promising avenues for further research are highlighted, including the use of lncRNAs as biomarkers of IBD, which can be difficult to diagnose.
Collapse
|
174
|
A Bronze-Tomato Enriched Diet Affects the Intestinal Microbiome under Homeostatic and Inflammatory Conditions. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121862. [PMID: 30513801 PMCID: PMC6315348 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are debilitating chronic inflammatory disorders that develop as a result of a defective immune response toward intestinal bacteria. Intestinal dysbiosis is associated with the onset of IBD and has been reported to persist even in patients in deep remission. We investigated the possibility of a dietary-induced switch to the gut microbiota composition using Winnie mice as a model of spontaneous ulcerative colitis and chow enriched with 1% Bronze tomato. We used the near isogenic tomato line strategy to investigate the effects of a diet enriched in polyphenols administered to mild but established chronic intestinal inflammation. The Bronze-enriched chow administered for two weeks was not able to produce any macroscopic effect on the IBD symptoms, although, at molecular level there was a significant induction of anti-inflammatory genes and intracellular staining of T cells revealed a mild decrease in IL17A and IFNγ production. Analysis of the microbial composition revealed that two weeks of Bronze enriched diet was sufficient to perturb the microbial composition of Winnie and control mice, suggesting that polyphenol-enriched diets may create unfavorable conditions for distinct bacterial species. In conclusion, dietary regimes enriched in polyphenols may efficiently support IBD remission affecting the intestinal dysbiosis.
Collapse
|
175
|
Han L, Duan D, Zhang S, Li W, Wang L, Liu H, Leng J, Li N, Shang X, Hu G, Qi L. Effects of the interaction between glycated haemoglobin genetic risk score and postpartum weight reduction on glycaemic changes: A gene-weight interaction analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:2733-2739. [PMID: 29974585 PMCID: PMC6231972 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of the interaction between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) genetic risk score and weight changes during and after pregnancy (postpartum weight reduction and gestational weight gain) on long-term glycaemic changes in the largest cohort of women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS This was a retrospective cohort using the baseline data from the Tianjin Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Programme. A genetic risk score was established by combining 10 HbA1c-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms, which were identified by genome-wide association studies. General linear regression models were applied to evaluate the effect of interaction between HbA1c genetic risk score and weight changes during and after pregnancy (postpartum weight reduction and gestational weight gain) on glycaemic changes. RESULTS 'A total of 1156 women with a history of GDM were included in this respective cohort study. Statistical differences in pre-pregnancy weight, pre-delivery weight and postpartum weight were evidenced across different groups of postpartum weight reduction. After adjusting for covariates, statistical significance for changes in HbA1c level was only observed in the postpartum weight reduction <5 kg/y group (P = 0.002), and a significant effect of interaction between HbA1c genetic risk score and postpartum weight reduction on long-term changes in HbA1c was evidenced (P interaction = 0.01). In women with postpartum weight reduction ≥8 kg/y, those with a lower HbA1c genetic risk score had a greater decrease in HbA1c level. CONCLUSIONS HbA1c genetic risk score interacts with postpartum weight reduction to affect long-term changes in HbA1c levels among women with a history of GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Donghui Duan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Chronic Disease, Institute of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiqin Li
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Leishen Wang
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Huikun Liu
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhong Leng
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Li
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shang
- Children's Pediatrics, Children's Hospital New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Gang Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Carroll MW, Kuenzig ME, Mack DR, Otley AR, Griffiths AM, Kaplan GG, Bernstein CN, Bitton A, Murthy SK, Nguyen GC, Lee K, Cooke-Lauder J, Benchimol EI. The Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada 2018: Children and Adolescents with IBD. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018; 2:S49-S67. [PMID: 31294385 PMCID: PMC6512244 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Canada has among the highest rates of childhood-onset IBD in the world. Over 7000 children and youth under 18 years old are living with IBD in Canada, and 600 to 650 children under 16 years old are diagnosed annually. While the peak age of onset of IBD is highest in the second and third decades of life, over the past two decades incidence has risen most rapidly in children under 5 years old. The treatment of children with IBD presents important challenges including therapeutic choices, risk of adverse events to medications, psychosocial impact on the child and family, increased cost of health care and the implications of the transition from pediatric to adult care. Despite the unique circumstances faced by children and their families, there is a lack of research to help understand the causes of the rising incidence and the best therapies for children with IBD. Scientific evidence—and specifically clinical trials of pharmaceuticals—are too often extrapolated from adult research. Health care providers must strive to understand the unique impact of childhood-onset IBD on patients and families, while researchers must expand work to address the important needs of this growing patient population. Highlights Key Summary Points Gaps in Knowledge and Future Research Directions
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Carroll
- Canadian Gastro-Intestinal Epidemiology Consortium Ottawa, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Ellen Kuenzig
- Canadian Gastro-Intestinal Epidemiology Consortium Ottawa, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario IBD Centre, Department of Pediatrics and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David R Mack
- Canadian Gastro-Intestinal Epidemiology Consortium Ottawa, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario IBD Centre, Department of Pediatrics and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony R Otley
- Canadian Gastro-Intestinal Epidemiology Consortium Ottawa, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Anne M Griffiths
- Canadian Gastro-Intestinal Epidemiology Consortium Ottawa, Canada.,SickKids IBD Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gilaad G Kaplan
- Canadian Gastro-Intestinal Epidemiology Consortium Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- Canadian Gastro-Intestinal Epidemiology Consortium Ottawa, Canada.,University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Alain Bitton
- Canadian Gastro-Intestinal Epidemiology Consortium Ottawa, Canada.,McGill IBD Centre of Excellence, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sanjay K Murthy
- Canadian Gastro-Intestinal Epidemiology Consortium Ottawa, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medicine and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey C Nguyen
- Canadian Gastro-Intestinal Epidemiology Consortium Ottawa, Canada.,Mount Sinai Hospital Centre for IBD, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kate Lee
- Crohn's and Colitis Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Eric I Benchimol
- Canadian Gastro-Intestinal Epidemiology Consortium Ottawa, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario IBD Centre, Department of Pediatrics and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Oshima S, Watanabe M. Genetic and environmental factors drive personalized medicine for Crohn's disease. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4758-4760. [PMID: 30320603 DOI: 10.1172/jci124303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of anti-TNF antibody therapy has changed the course of treatment for Crohn's disease. However, the fundamental mechanism for the onset of Crohn's disease is still unknown, and the treatment strategy for this disease remains suboptimal. The assessment of the disease phenotype based on key environmental factors and genetic background may indicate options for the personalized treatment of Crohn's disease. In this issue of the JCI, Liu et al. show that consumption of tobacco and the mutation of ATG16L1T300A, a prevalent Crohn's disease susceptibility allele, drive defects in cells at the bottom of the intestinal crypt, the Paneth cells. These factors may provide novel targets for personalized medicine.
Collapse
|
178
|
Holmes EA, Rodney Harris RM, Lucas RM. Low Sun Exposure and Vitamin D Deficiency as Risk Factors for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, With a Focus on Childhood Onset. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:105-118. [PMID: 30155900 DOI: 10.1111/php.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are increasing worldwide. Some ecological studies show increasing incidence with increasing latitude. Ambient ultraviolet radiation varies inversely with latitude, and sun exposure of the skin is a major source of vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with IBD. Sun exposure and vitamin D have immune effects that could plausibly reduce, or be protective for, IBD. One quarter of new IBD cases are diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, but most research is for adult-onset IBD. Here, we review the evidence for low sun exposure and/or vitamin D deficiency as risk factors for IBD, focusing where possible on pediatric IBD, where effects of environmental exposures may be clearer. The literature provides some evidence of a latitude gradient of IBD incidence, and evidence for seasonal patterns of timing of birth or disease onset is inconsistent. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency occurs in people with IBD, but cannot be interpreted as being a causal risk factor. Evidence of vitamin D supplementation affecting disease activity is limited. Further research on predisease sun exposure and well-designed supplementation studies are required to elucidate whether these potentially modifiable exposures are indeed risk factors for IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Ann Holmes
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Rachael M Rodney Harris
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Robyn M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Vogelzang A, Guerrini MM, Minato N, Fagarasan S. Microbiota - an amplifier of autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 55:15-21. [PMID: 30248521 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many studies describe dysbiosis as a change in the microbiota that accompanies autoimmune illnesses, but little is known about whether these changes are a cause or consequence of an altered immune state. The immune system actively shapes the composition of the microbiota, with divergent outcomes in healthy or autoimmune-prone individuals. The gut microbiota in turn acts as an acquired endocrine organ, influencing the physiology of the host via release of nutrients and chemical messengers. Dysbiosis arising from abnormal immune function can initiate or amplify autoimmunity through multiple mechanisms. We examine how the bidirectional relationship between resident microbes and the immune system contributes to autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Vogelzang
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Tsurumi Ward, Suehirocho, 1 Chome-7-22, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Matteo M Guerrini
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Tsurumi Ward, Suehirocho, 1 Chome-7-22, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Nagahiro Minato
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo Ward, Yoshida-Konoe, Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sidonia Fagarasan
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Tsurumi Ward, Suehirocho, 1 Chome-7-22, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, 230-0045, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
180
|
Bamidele AO, Svingen PA, Sagstetter MR, Sarmento OF, Gonzalez M, Braga Neto MB, Kugathasan S, Lomberk G, Urrutia RA, Faubion WA. Disruption of FOXP3-EZH2 Interaction Represents a Pathobiological Mechanism in Intestinal Inflammation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:55-71. [PMID: 30510991 PMCID: PMC6260395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background & Aims Forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3)+ regulatory T cell (Treg) dysfunction is associated with autoimmune diseases; however, the mechanisms responsible for inflammatory bowel disease pathophysiology are poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a physical interaction between transcription factor FOXP3 and the epigenetic enzyme enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is essential for gene co-repressive function. Methods Human FOXP3 mutations clinically relevant to intestinal inflammation were generated by site-directed mutagenesis. T lymphocytes were isolated from mice, human blood, and lamina propria of Crohn's disease (CD) patients and non-CD controls. We performed proximity ligation or a co-immunoprecipitation assay in FOXP3-mutant+, interleukin 6 (IL6)-treated or CD-CD4+ T cells to assess FOXP3-EZH2 protein interaction. We studied IL2 promoter activity and chromatin state of the interferon γ locus via luciferase reporter and chromatin-immunoprecipitation assays, respectively, in cells expressing FOXP3 mutants. Results EZH2 binding was abrogated by inflammatory bowel disease-associated FOXP3 cysteine 232 (C232) mutation. The C232 mutant showed impaired repression of IL2 and diminished EZH2-mediated trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 27 on interferon γ, indicative of compromised Treg physiologic function. Generalizing this mechanism, IL6 impaired FOXP3-EZH2 interaction. IL6-induced effects were reversed by Janus kinase 1/2 inhibition. In lamina propria-derived CD4+T cells from CD patients, we observed decreased FOXP3-EZH2 interaction. Conclusions FOXP3-C232 mutation disrupts EZH2 recruitment and gene co-repressive function. The proinflammatory cytokine IL6 abrogates FOXP3-EZH2 interaction. Studies in lesion-derived CD4+ T cells have shown that reduced FOXP3-EZH2 interaction is a molecular feature of CD patients. Destabilized FOXP3-EZH2 protein interaction via diverse mechanisms and consequent Treg abnormality may drive gastrointestinal inflammation.
Collapse
Key Words
- C232, cysteine 232
- CD, Crohn’s disease
- ChIP, chromatin-immunoprecipitation
- Crohn’s Disease
- EED, embryonic ectoderm development
- EZH2, enhancer of zeste homolog 2
- Epigenetics
- FCS, fetal calf serum
- FOXP3, forkhead domain-containing X-chromosome–encoded protein
- H3K27me3, trimethylated histone H3 at lysine 27
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IL, interleukin
- IPEX, immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked
- JAK, Janus kinase
- LZ, leucine zipper
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PLA, proximity ligation assay
- PMA, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
- PRC2, polycomb repressive complex 2
- Proinflammatory Cytokine
- Regulatory T Cells
- STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- SUZ12, suppressor of zeste
- Th, T helper
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- WT, wild-type
- co-IP, co-immunoprecipitation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adebowale O Bamidele
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Translational Epigenomic Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Phyllis A Svingen
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Translational Epigenomic Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mary R Sagstetter
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Translational Epigenomic Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Olga F Sarmento
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Translational Epigenomic Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michelle Gonzalez
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Translational Epigenomic Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Manuel B Braga Neto
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Translational Epigenomic Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gwen Lomberk
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Raul A Urrutia
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - William A Faubion
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Translational Epigenomic Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
VanDussen KL, Stojmirović A, Li K, Liu TC, Kimes PK, Muegge BD, Simpson KF, Ciorba MA, Perrigoue JG, Friedman JR, Towne JE, Head RD, Stappenbeck TS. Abnormal Small Intestinal Epithelial Microvilli in Patients With Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:815-828. [PMID: 29782846 PMCID: PMC6378688 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Crohn disease (CD) presents as chronic and often progressive intestinal inflammation, but the contributing pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. We aimed to identify alterations in intestinal cells that could contribute to the chronic and progressive course of CD. METHODS We took an unbiased system-wide approach by performing sequence analysis of RNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded ileal tissue sections from patients with CD (n = 36) and without CD (controls; n = 32). We selected relatively uninflamed samples, based on histology, before gene expression profiling; validation studies were performed using adjacent serial tissue sections. A separate set of samples (3 control and 4 CD samples) was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. We developed methods to visualize an overlapping modular network of genes dysregulated in the CD samples. We validated our findings using biopsy samples (110 CD samples for gene expression analysis and 54 for histologic analysis) from the UNITI-2 phase 3 trial of ustekinumab for patients with CD and healthy individuals (26 samples used in gene expression analysis). RESULTS We identified gene clusters that were altered in nearly all CD samples. One cluster encoded genes associated with the enterocyte brush border, leading us to investigate microvilli. In ileal tissues from patients with CD, the microvilli were of decreased length and had ultrastructural defects compared with tissues from controls. Microvilli length correlated with expression of genes that regulate microvilli structure and function. Network analysis linked the microvilli cluster to several other down-regulated clusters associated with altered intracellular trafficking and cellular metabolism. Enrichment of a core microvilli gene set also was lower in the UNITI-2 trial CD samples compared with controls; expression of microvilli genes was correlated with microvilli length and endoscopy score and was associated with response to treatment. CONCLUSIONS In a transcriptome analysis of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded ileal tissues from patients with CD and controls, we associated transcriptional alterations with histologic alterations, such as differences in microvilli length. Decreased microvilli length and decreased expression of the microvilli gene set might contribute to epithelial malfunction and the chronic and progressive disease course in patients with CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelli L. VanDussen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aleksandar Stojmirović
- Department of Janssen Research and Development, LLC. 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Katherine Li
- Department of Janssen Research and Development, LLC. 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Ta-Chiang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Patrick K. Kimes
- Department of Janssen Research and Development, LLC. 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Brian D. Muegge
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Katherine F. Simpson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew A. Ciorba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jacqueline G. Perrigoue
- Department of Janssen Research and Development, LLC. 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Joshua R. Friedman
- Department of Janssen Research and Development, LLC. 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Towne
- Department of Janssen Research and Development, LLC. 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Richard D. Head
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Correspondence: Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck,
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
Venkateswaran S, Marigorta UM, Denson LA, Hyams JS, Gibson G, Kugathasan S. Bowel Location Rather Than Disease Subtype Dominates Transcriptomic Heterogeneity in Pediatric IBD. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 6:474-476.e3. [PMID: 30364773 PMCID: PMC6198018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Venkateswaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Urko M. Marigorta
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lee A. Denson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey S. Hyams
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Greg Gibson
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
183
|
Day AS. The impact of exclusive enteral nutrition on the intestinal microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease. AIMS Microbiol 2018; 4:584-593. [PMID: 31294235 PMCID: PMC6613331 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2018.4.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly clear that the intestinal microbiota plays key roles in the pathogenesis of the conditions known as Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis (jointly known as the inflammatory bowel diseases). Perturbations of the microbiota, termed dysbiosis, are present at diagnosis and likely reflect earlier environmental influences along with interactions with intestinal immune responses. Over the last two decades, there has been increasing interest in the use of a nutritional therapy to induce remission of active Crohn disease. Amongst a number of recent studies focusing on the putative mechanisms of action of enteral nutrition in Crohn disease, there have been several reports illustrating profound interactions between this nutritional therapy and the intestinal microbiota. Although at present it is still not clear how these changes relate to concurrent improvements in inflammation, it has become an area of increasing interest. This review article focuses on the impacts of nutritional therapy in individuals with active Crohn disease and overviews the most recent data arising from international studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Day
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Deficiency in class III PI3-kinase confers postnatal lethality with IBD-like features in zebrafish. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2639. [PMID: 29980668 PMCID: PMC6035235 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The class III PI3-kinase (PIK3C3) is an enzyme responsible for the generation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P), a critical component of vesicular membrane. Here, we report that PIK3C3 deficiency in zebrafish results in intestinal injury and inflammation. In pik3c3 mutants, gut tube forms but fails to be maintained. Gene expression analysis reveals that barrier-function-related inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) susceptibility genes (e-cadherin, hnf4a, ttc7a) are suppressed, while inflammatory response genes are stimulated in the mutants. Histological analysis shows neutrophil infiltration into mutant intestinal epithelium and the clearance of gut microbiota. Yet, gut microorganisms appear dispensable as mutants cultured under germ-free condition have similar intestinal defects. Mechanistically, we show that PIK3C3 deficiency suppresses the formation of PI3P and disrupts the polarized distribution of cell-junction proteins in intestinal epithelial cells. These results not only reveal a role of PIK3C3 in gut homeostasis, but also provide a zebrafish IBD model. The functions of the class III PI3-kinase (PIK3C3) in gut homeostasis and innate immunity are poorly understood. Here the authors show that PIK3C3-deficient zebrafishes develop intestinal injury and inflammation due to mislocalization of cell junction proteins.
Collapse
|
185
|
Omidbakhsh A, Saeedi M, Khoshnia M, Marjani A, Hakimi S. Micro-RNAs -106a and -362-3p in Peripheral Blood of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients. Open Biochem J 2018; 12:78-86. [PMID: 30069249 PMCID: PMC6040212 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01812010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate various genes after binding to target mRNAs. Studies on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in relation with miRNA are much less shown. The aim of the present study was to assess the expression patterns of microRNA 106a and microRNA 362-3p in peripheral blood samples of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients including Crohn's Disease(CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Methods This study consisted of 32 CD, 32 UC patients and 32 controls. The expression level of the micro-RNAs -106a and -362-3p was determined using reverse transcription and real-time RT-PCR. Results Our findings showed that MiR-106a and miR-362-3p are expressed at significantly higher levels in the peripheral blood from patients with CD and UC compared to controls. MiR-106a and miR-362-3p expression are also different in the peripheral blood of patients regarding the activity score of the disease. There were significant differences of miR362-3p in active UC relative to inactive UC. Conclusion Altogether our findings suggest that miR-106a and miR-363-3p can play an important role in the pathogenesis of IBD. The differences in expression of miR106a and miR362-3p in peripheral blood of the UC and CD patients in an active phase in comparison to inactive disease suggest that these miRNAs may be useful as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring the disease activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Omidbakhsh
- Student Research Committee, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran
| | - Mohsen Saeedi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran
| | - Masoud Khoshnia
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran
| | - Abdoljalal Marjani
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran
| | - Safoura Hakimi
- Student Research Committee, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
186
|
Mo A, Marigorta UM, Arafat D, Chan LHK, Ponder L, Jang SR, Prince J, Kugathasan S, Prahalad S, Gibson G. Disease-specific regulation of gene expression in a comparative analysis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Genome Med 2018; 10:48. [PMID: 29950172 PMCID: PMC6020373 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-018-0558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic and immunological factors that contribute to differences in susceptibility and progression between sub-types of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases continue to be elucidated. Inflammatory bowel disease and juvenile idiopathic arthritis are both clinically heterogeneous and known to be due in part to abnormal regulation of gene activity in diverse immune cell types. Comparative genomic analysis of these conditions is expected to reveal differences in underlying genetic mechanisms of disease. METHODS We performed RNA-Seq on whole blood samples from 202 patients with oligoarticular, polyarticular, or systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, or with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, as well as healthy controls, to characterize differences in gene expression. Gene ontology analysis combined with Blood Transcript Module and Blood Informative Transcript analysis was used to infer immunological differences. Comparative expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis was used to quantify disease-specific regulation of transcript abundance. RESULTS A pattern of differentially expressed genes and pathways reveals a gradient of disease spanning from healthy controls to oligoarticular, polyarticular, and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA); Crohn's disease; and ulcerative colitis. Transcriptional risk scores also provide good discrimination of controls, JIA, and IBD. Most eQTL are found to have similar effects across disease sub-types, but we also identify disease-specific eQTL at loci associated with disease by GWAS. CONCLUSION JIA and IBD are characterized by divergent peripheral blood transcriptomes, the genetic regulation of which displays limited disease specificity, implying that disease-specific genetic influences are largely independent of, or downstream of, eQTL effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Mo
- Center for Integrative Genomics and School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Engineered Biosystems Building, EBB 2115, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Urko M Marigorta
- Center for Integrative Genomics and School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Engineered Biosystems Building, EBB 2115, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Dalia Arafat
- Center for Integrative Genomics and School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Engineered Biosystems Building, EBB 2115, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Lai Hin Kimi Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1760 Haygood Dr NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Lori Ponder
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1760 Haygood Dr NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Se Ryeong Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1760 Haygood Dr NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jarod Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1760 Haygood Dr NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1760 Haygood Dr NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Sampath Prahalad
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1760 Haygood Dr NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Greg Gibson
- Center for Integrative Genomics and School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Engineered Biosystems Building, EBB 2115, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Boyd M, Thodberg M, Vitezic M, Bornholdt J, Vitting-Seerup K, Chen Y, Coskun M, Li Y, Lo BZS, Klausen P, Jan Schweiger P, Pedersen AG, Rapin N, Skovgaard K, Dahlgaard K, Andersson R, Terkelsen TB, Lilje B, Troelsen JT, Petersen AM, Jensen KB, Gögenur I, Thielsen P, Seidelin JB, Nielsen OH, Bjerrum JT, Sandelin A. Characterization of the enhancer and promoter landscape of inflammatory bowel disease from human colon biopsies. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1661. [PMID: 29695774 PMCID: PMC5916929 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal disorder, with two main types: Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), whose molecular pathology is not well understood. The majority of IBD-associated SNPs are located in non-coding regions and are hard to characterize since regulatory regions in IBD are not known. Here we profile transcription start sites (TSSs) and enhancers in the descending colon of 94 IBD patients and controls. IBD-upregulated promoters and enhancers are highly enriched for IBD-associated SNPs and are bound by the same transcription factors. IBD-specific TSSs are associated to genes with roles in both inflammatory cascades and gut epithelia while TSSs distinguishing UC and CD are associated to gut epithelia functions. We find that as few as 35 TSSs can distinguish active CD, UC, and controls with 85% accuracy in an independent cohort. Our data constitute a foundation for understanding the molecular pathology, gene regulation, and genetics of IBD. Many SNPs associated with inflammatory bowel disease are located in non-coding genomic regions. Here, the authors perform CAGE-sequencing on descending colon biopsies of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients to map transcription start sites and enhancer activity for analysis of regulatory regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Boyd
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Malte Thodberg
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Morana Vitezic
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jette Bornholdt
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Vitting-Seerup
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mehmet Coskun
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Bobby Zhao Sheng Lo
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Pia Klausen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Surgical Section, Herlev Hospital, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Pawel Jan Schweiger
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - Nicolas Rapin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Katja Dahlgaard
- Department of Science and Environment (INM), Roskilde University, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Robin Andersson
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Thilde Bagger Terkelsen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Berit Lilje
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - Andreas Munk Petersen
- Hvidovre Hospital, Gastrounit Medical Division, University of Copenhagen, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Hvidovre Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Kim Bak Jensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ismail Gögenur
- Centre for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, 4600, Koege, Denmark
| | - Peter Thielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jakob Benedict Seidelin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jacob Tveiten Bjerrum
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Albin Sandelin
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark. .,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Dionne S, Duchatelier CF, Seidman EG. The influence of vitamin D on M1 and M2 macrophages in patients with Crohn's disease. Innate Immun 2018; 23:557-565. [PMID: 28770666 DOI: 10.1177/1753425917721965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective bacterial clearance by macrophages plays an important role in Crohn's disease (CD). Phenotypes and functions of inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 have not been studied in CD. Vitamin D supplementation reduces the severity of CD by unclear mechanisms. We studied macrophage characteristics in CD and controls and the effects of 1,25 vitamin D (1,25D). PBMC were isolated from CD patients and controls. M1 and M2 were generated by culturing of monocytes with GM-CSF and M-CSF, respectively. CD M1 and M2 showed normal phagocytosis and chemotaxis to CCL2 and fMLP. LPS-induced production of TNF-α, IL-12p40 and IL-10 was comparable between groups. Phagocytosis was unaltered with 1,25D; migration only increased marginally. M1 produced more IL-12p40 and TNF-α; IL-10 was greater in M2. 1,25D markedly decreased IL-12p40 by M1 and M2. 1,25D decreased TNF-α in CD M1; IL-10 levels were unaffected. M2 express F13A1, PTGS2, CD163, CXCL10, CD14 and MMP2, whereas TGF-β, CCL1 and CYP27B1 expression was higher in M1. Marker expression was similar between CD and controls. M1 and M2 markers were not differentially modulated by 1,25D. CD macrophages are not functionally or phenotypically different vs. CONTROLS 1,25D markedly decreased pro-inflammatory M1 cytokines but did not modulate polarization to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Dionne
- Centre of Excellence in IBD, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Division of Gastroenterology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carl-Frederic Duchatelier
- Centre of Excellence in IBD, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Division of Gastroenterology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ernest G Seidman
- Centre of Excellence in IBD, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Division of Gastroenterology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Wu WK, Sun R, Zuo T, Tian Y, Zeng Z, Ho J, Wu JC, Chan FK, Chan MT, Yu J, Sung JJ, Wong SH, Wang MH, Ng SC. A novel susceptibility locus in MST1 and gene-gene interaction network for Crohn's disease in the Chinese population. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2368-2377. [PMID: 29441677 PMCID: PMC5867068 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Crohn's disease is increasing in many Asian countries, but considerable differences in genetic susceptibility have been reported between Western and Asian populations. This study aimed to fine-map 23 previously reported Crohn's disease genes and identify their interactions in the Chinese population by Illumina-based targeted capture sequencing. Our results showed that the genetic polymorphism A>G at rs144982232 in MST1 showed the most significant association (P = 1.78 × 10-5 ; odds ratio = 4.87). JAK2 rs1159782 (T>C) was also strongly associated with Crohn's disease (P = 2.34 × 10-4 ; odds ratio = 3.72). Gene-gene interaction analysis revealed significant interactions between MST1 and other susceptibility genes, including NOD2, MUC19 and ATG16L1 in contributing to Crohn's disease risk. Main genetic associations and gene-gene interactions were verified using ImmunoChip data set. In conclusion, a novel susceptibility locus in MST1 was identified. Our analysis suggests that MST1 might interact with key susceptibility genes involved in autophagy and bacterial recognition. These findings provide insight into the genetic architecture of Crohn's disease in Chinese and may partially explain the disparity of genetic signals in Crohn's disease susceptibility across different ethnic populations by highlighting the contribution of gene-gene interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William K.K. Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesInstitute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine & TherapeuticsLKS Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Rui Sun
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Tao Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesInstitute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine & TherapeuticsLKS Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Yuanyuan Tian
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Zhirong Zeng
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jeffery Ho
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Justin C.Y. Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesInstitute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine & TherapeuticsLKS Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Francis K.L. Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesInstitute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine & TherapeuticsLKS Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Matthew T.V. Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesInstitute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine & TherapeuticsLKS Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Joseph J.Y. Sung
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesInstitute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine & TherapeuticsLKS Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Sunny H. Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesInstitute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine & TherapeuticsLKS Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Maggie H. Wang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Siew C. Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesInstitute of Digestive Diseases and Department of Medicine & TherapeuticsLKS Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Chiba H, Kakuta Y, Kinouchi Y, Kawai Y, Watanabe K, Nagao M, Naito T, Onodera M, Moroi R, Kuroha M, Kanazawa Y, Kimura T, Shiga H, Endo K, Negoro K, Nagasaki M, Unno M, Shimosegawa T. Allele-specific DNA methylation of disease susceptibility genes in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194036. [PMID: 29547621 PMCID: PMC5856270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has an unknown etiology; however, accumulating evidence suggests that IBD is a multifactorial disease influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The influence of genetic variants on DNA methylation in cis and cis effects on expression have been demonstrated. We hypothesized that IBD susceptibility single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) regulate susceptibility gene expressions in cis by regulating DNA methylation around SNPs. For this, we determined cis-regulated allele-specific DNA methylation (ASM) around IBD susceptibility genes in CD4+ effector/memory T cells (Tem) in lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) in patients with IBD and examined the association between the ASM SNP genotype and neighboring susceptibility gene expressions. METHODS CD4+ effector/memory T cells (Tem) were isolated from LPMCs in 15 Japanese IBD patients (ten Crohn's disease [CD] and five ulcerative colitis [UC] patients). ASM analysis was performed by methylation-sensitive SNP array analysis. We defined ASM as a changing average relative allele score ([Formula: see text]) >0.1 after digestion by methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes. Among SNPs showing [Formula: see text] >0.1, we extracted the probes located on tag-SNPs of 200 IBD susceptibility loci and around IBD susceptibility genes as candidate ASM SNPs. To validate ASM, bisulfite-pyrosequencing was performed. Transcriptome analysis was examined in 11 IBD patients (seven CD and four UC patients). The relation between rs36221701 genotype and neighboring gene expressions were analyzed. RESULTS We extracted six candidate ASM SNPs around IBD susceptibility genes. The top of [Formula: see text] (0.23) was rs1130368 located on HLA-DQB1. ASM around rs36221701 ([Formula: see text] = 0.14) located near SMAD3 was validated using bisulfite pyrosequencing. The SMAD3 expression was significantly associated with the rs36221701 genotype (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the existence of cis-regulated ASM around IBD susceptibility genes and the association between ASM SNP (rs36221701) genotype and SMAD3 expression, a susceptibility gene for IBD. These results give us supporting evidence that DNA methylation mediates genetic effects on disease susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Chiba
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kakuta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kinouchi
- Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kawai
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Munenori Nagao
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takeo Naito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Onodera
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rintaro Moroi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masatake Kuroha
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Kanazawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shiga
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsuya Endo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenichi Negoro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masao Nagasaki
- Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Han L, Maciejewski M, Brockel C, Afzelius L, Altman RB. Mendelian Disease Associations Reveal Novel Insights into Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:471-481. [PMID: 29462399 PMCID: PMC6037048 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izx087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Monogenic diseases have been shown to contribute to complex disease risk and may hold new insights into the underlying biological mechanism of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Methods We analyzed Mendelian disease associations with IBD using over 55 million patients from the Optum's deidentified electronic health records dataset database. Using the significant Mendelian diseases, we performed pathway enrichment analysis and constructed a model using gene expression datasets to differentiate Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and healthy patient samples. Results We found 50 Mendelian diseases were significantly associated with IBD, with 40 being significantly associated with both CD and UC. Our results for CD replicated those from previous studies. Pathways that were enriched consisted of mainly immune and metabolic processes with a focus on tolerance and oxidative stress. Our 3-way classifier for UC, CD, and healthy samples yielded an accuracy of 72%. Conclusions Mendelian diseases that are significantly associated with IBD may reveal novel insights into the genetic architecture of IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lichy Han
- Biomedical Informatics Training Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | | | | | - Russ B Altman
- Biomedical Informatics Training Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
Rennie S, Dalby M, van Duin L, Andersson R. Transcriptional decomposition reveals active chromatin architectures and cell specific regulatory interactions. Nat Commun 2018; 9:487. [PMID: 29402885 PMCID: PMC5799294 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation is tightly coupled with chromosomal positioning and three-dimensional chromatin architecture. However, it is unclear what proportion of transcriptional activity is reflecting such organisation, how much can be informed by RNA expression alone and how this impacts disease. Here, we develop a computational transcriptional decomposition approach separating the proportion of expression associated with genome organisation from independent effects not directly related to genomic positioning. We show that positionally attributable expression accounts for a considerable proportion of total levels and is highly informative of topological associating domain activities and organisation, revealing boundaries and chromatin compartments. Furthermore, expression data alone accurately predict individual enhancer-promoter interactions, drawing features from expression strength, stabilities, insulation and distance. We characterise predictions in 76 human cell types, observing extensive sharing of domains, yet highly cell-type-specific enhancer-promoter interactions and strong enrichments in relevant trait-associated variants. Overall, our work demonstrates a close relationship between transcription and chromatin architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rennie
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Dalby
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lucas van Duin
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robin Andersson
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
193
|
Soroosh A, Koutsioumpa M, Pothoulakis C, Iliopoulos D. Functional role and therapeutic targeting of microRNAs in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G256-G262. [PMID: 29146677 PMCID: PMC5866423 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00268.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases, primarily consisting of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The complex nature of the disease, as well as the limited therapeutic options characterized by low efficiency and major side effects, highlights the importance of developing novel strategies of therapeutic intervention in IBD. Susceptibility loci related to IBD are present only in a small percentage of IBD patients, implying that epigenetic modifications could influence the pathogenesis of the disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate multiple molecular pathways involved in IBD pathobiology. MiRNA inhibitors targeting the IBD-activated miRNAs could have therapeutic value for IBD patients. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in miRNA biology related to IBD pathogenesis and the pharmacological development of miRNA-based therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artin Soroosh
- 1Center for Systems Biomedicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marina Koutsioumpa
- 1Center for Systems Biomedicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- 2Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dimitrios Iliopoulos
- 1Center for Systems Biomedicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
194
|
Ueno A, Jeffery L, Kobayashi T, Hibi T, Ghosh S, Jijon H. Th17 plasticity and its relevance to inflammatory bowel disease. J Autoimmun 2018; 87:38-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
195
|
Douglas GM, Hansen R, Jones CMA, Dunn KA, Comeau AM, Bielawski JP, Tayler R, El-Omar EM, Russell RK, Hold GL, Langille MGI, Van Limbergen J. Multi-omics differentially classify disease state and treatment outcome in pediatric Crohn's disease. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:13. [PMID: 29335008 PMCID: PMC5769311 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD) has an unclear etiology, but there is growing evidence of a direct link with a dysbiotic microbiome. Many gut microbes have previously been associated with CD, but these have mainly been confounded with patients' ongoing treatments. Additionally, most analyses of CD patients' microbiomes have focused on microbes in stool samples, which yield different insights than profiling biopsy samples. RESULTS We sequenced the 16S rRNA gene (16S) and carried out shotgun metagenomics (MGS) from the intestinal biopsies of 20 treatment-naïve CD and 20 control pediatric patients. We identified the abundances of microbial taxa and inferred functional categories within each dataset. We also identified known human genetic variants from the MGS data. We then used a machine learning approach to determine the classification accuracy when these datasets, collapsed to different hierarchical groupings, were used independently to classify patients by disease state and by CD patients' response to treatment. We found that 16S-identified microbes could classify patients with higher accuracy in both cases. Based on follow-ups with these patients, we identified which microbes and functions were best for predicting disease state and response to treatment, including several previously identified markers. By combining the top features from all significant models into a single model, we could compare the relative importance of these predictive features. We found that 16S-identified microbes are the best predictors of CD state whereas MGS-identified markers perform best for classifying treatment response. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that useful predictors of CD treatment response can be produced from shotgun MGS sequencing of biopsy samples despite the complications related to large proportions of host DNA. The top predictive features that we identified in this study could be useful for building an improved classifier for CD and treatment response based on sufferers' microbiome in the future. The BISCUIT project is funded by a Clinical Academic Fellowship from the Chief Scientist Office (Scotland)-CAF/08/01.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin M. Douglas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Richard Hansen
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Casey M. A. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | | | - André M. Comeau
- CGEB-Integrated Microbiome Resource (IMR), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | | | - Rachel Tayler
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emad M. El-Omar
- Department of Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Richard K. Russell
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Georgina L. Hold
- Department of Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Morgan G. I. Langille
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
- CGEB-Integrated Microbiome Resource (IMR), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
196
|
Di Ruscio M, Vernia F, Ciccone A, Frieri G, Latella G. Surrogate Fecal Biomarkers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Rivals or Complementary Tools of Fecal Calprotectin? Inflamm Bowel Dis 2017; 24:78-92. [PMID: 29272479 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current noninvasive methods for assessing intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain unsatisfactory. Along with C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fecal calprotectin (FC) is the standard test for assessing IBD activity, even though its specificity and accuracy are not optimal and it lacks a validated cutoff. Over the past few decades, several fecal markers released from intestinal inflammatory cells have been investigated in IBD; they are the subject of this systematic review. METHODS A systematic electronic search of the English literature up to April 2017 was performed using Medline and the Cochrane Library. Only papers written in English that analyzed fecal biomarkers in IBD were included. In vitro studies, animal studies, studies on blood/serum samples, and studies analyzing FC or fecal lactoferrin alone were excluded. RESULTS Out of 1023 citations, 125 eligible studies were identified. Data were grouped according to each fecal marker including S100A12, high-mobility group box 1, neopterin, polymorphonuclear neutrophil elastase, fecal hemoglobin, alpha1-antitrypsin, human neutrophil peptides, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, chitinase 3-like-1, matrix metalloproteinase 9, lysozyme, M2-pyruvate kinase, myeloperoxidase, fecal eosinophil proteins, human beta-defensin-2, and beta-glucuronidase. Some of these markers showed a high sensitivity and specificity and correlated with disease activity, response to therapy, and mucosal healing. Furthermore, they showed a potential utility in the prediction of clinical relapse. CONCLUSIONS Several fecal biomarkers have the potential to become useful tools complementing FC in IBD diagnosis and monitoring. However, wide variability in their accuracy in assessment of intestinal inflammation suggests the need for further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Di Ruscio
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazza S. Tommasi, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Filippo Vernia
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazza S. Tommasi, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio Ciccone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazza S. Tommasi, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Frieri
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazza S. Tommasi, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazza S. Tommasi, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
197
|
Abstract
Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology associated with an impaired immune response, with periods of activity and remission. It is characterised by patchy and transmural lesions which can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus. The most frequent symptoms are abdominal pain and diarrhoea, which can seriously affect patients' quality of life. The increasing incidence and prevalence of the disease in our area has had a large impact on clinical practice, with the rapid development of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. To reduce the risk of complications, primary care physicians and gastroenterologists should be familiar with the management of the disease.
Collapse
|
198
|
Kakuta Y, Kimura T, Negoro K, Kuroha M, Shiga H, Endo K, Kinouchi Y, Shimosegawa T. Increased expression of IL12B mRNA transcribed from the risk haplotype for Crohn's disease is a risk factor for disease relapse in Japanese patients. J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:1230-1239. [PMID: 28229296 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-017-1322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL12B is a promising candidate for a susceptibility gene in Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study was to perform a candidate gene analysis of IL12B in Japanese CD patients, investigate whether the genotype is associated with disease phenotypes, and determine how the risk allele affects susceptibility to CD. METHODS Three hundred seventy-five patients with CD, 265 patients with ulcerative colitis, and 463 healthy controls were examined. Ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) around IL12B were genotyped. Case-control and subphenotype (including disease course) analyses were performed. The allelic expression ratio of IL12B messenger RNA (mRNA) was examined by a SNaPshot analysis in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes. RESULTS Four SNPs located upstream of the IL12B gene were significantly associated with CD. A conditional analysis revealed that these associations included two independent signals tagged by IL12B_1 and IL12B_3 (P = 9.42 × 10-6 and 1.49 × 10-4 respectively). IL12B_3 was also associated with earlier relapse in CD (P = 0.0144). The allelic expression ratios of IL12B mRNA transcribed from the risk haplotype to the protective haplotype tagged by IL12B_3 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes from ten healthy controls heterozygous for IL12B_3 were significantly higher than that of the respective genomic DNA (P = 0.00923). No SNP was associated with ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the association of SNPs located upstream of IL12B with CD in Japanese patients. The demonstrated allelic expression imbalance supports the idea that the IL12B risk haplotype confers susceptibility not only to CD onset but to also relapse through increased IL12B mRNA expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kakuta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Kimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kenichi Negoro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masatake Kuroha
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shiga
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Katsuya Endo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kinouchi
- Center for the Advancement of Higher Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
de Souza HSP, Fiocchi C, Iliopoulos D. The IBD interactome: an integrated view of aetiology, pathogenesis and therapy. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 14:739-749. [PMID: 28831186 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are prototypical complex diseases characterized by chronic and heterogeneous manifestations, induced by interacting environmental, genomic, microbial and immunological factors. These interactions result in an overwhelming complexity that cannot be tackled by studying the totality of each pathological component (an '-ome') in isolation without consideration of the interaction among all relevant -omes that yield an overall 'network effect'. The outcome of this effect is the 'IBD interactome', defined as a disease network in which dysregulation of individual -omes causes intestinal inflammation mediated by dysfunctional molecular modules. To define the IBD interactome, new concepts and tools are needed to implement a systems approach; an unbiased data-driven integration strategy that reveals key players of the system, pinpoints the central drivers of inflammation and enables development of targeted therapies. Powerful bioinformatics tools able to query and integrate multiple -omes are available, enabling the integration of genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and microbiome information to build a comprehensive molecular map of IBD. This approach will enable identification of IBD molecular subtypes, correlations with clinical phenotypes and elucidation of the central hubs of the IBD interactome that will aid discovery of compounds that can specifically target the hubs that control the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heitor S P de Souza
- Department of Gastroenterology & Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Dimitrios Iliopoulos
- Center for Systems Biomedicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
200
|
Moriggi M, Pastorelli L, Torretta E, Tontini GE, Capitanio D, Bogetto SF, Vecchi M, Gelfi C. Contribution of Extracellular Matrix and Signal Mechanotransduction to Epithelial Cell Damage in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Proteomic Study. Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 29027377 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study utilizes 2D-DIGE (difference gel etrophoresis), isotope-coded protein labeling and biochemical assays to characterize protein alteration in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) in human epithelial cell and mucosal biopsies in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-affected patients. The aim of this study is to identify the key molecular signatures involved in epithelial cell structure of IBDs. In non-inflamed UC (QUC) keratins, vimentin, and focal adhesion kinase (7) increased, whereas vinculin and de-tyrosinated α-tubulin decreased; inflammation (IUC) exacerbated molecular changes, being collagen type VI alpha 1 chain (COL6A1), tenascin-C and vimentin increased. In non-inflamed CD (QCD), tenascin C, de-tyrosinated α-tubulin, vinculin, FAK, and Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) decreased while vimentin increased. In inflamed CD (ICD), COL6A1, vimentin and integrin alpha 4 increased. In QUC, cell metabolism is characterized by a decrease of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes and a decrease of short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, fatty acid synthase, proliferator-activated receptors alpha, and proliferator-activated receptors gamma. In QCD a metabolic rewiring occurs, as suggested by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD2), pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, and 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase increment, while dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase decreased. Macroautophagy is activated in QUC and IUC, with increased levels of p62, HSC70, major vault protein, myosin heavy chain 9, whereas it is blunted in QCD and ICD. The differing pattern of extracellular matrix, cytoskeletal derangements, cellular metabolism, and autophagy in UC and CD may contribute to the pathophysiological understanding of these disorders and serve as diagnostic markers in IBD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Moriggi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Pastorelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy UnitIRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Enrica Torretta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Eugenio Tontini
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy UnitIRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Daniele Capitanio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy UnitIRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Clinical Proteomics Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| |
Collapse
|