151
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Kelbich P, Hejčl A, Krejsek J, Radovnický T, Matuchová I, Lodin J, Špička J, Sameš M, Procházka J, Hanuljaková E, Vachata P. Development of the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Early Stage after Hemorrhage in the Central Nervous System. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040300. [PMID: 33915782 PMCID: PMC8065782 DOI: 10.3390/life11040300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extravasation of blood in the central nervous system (CNS) represents a very strong damaged associated molecular patterns (DAMP) which is followed by rapid inflammation and can participate in worse outcome of patients. We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 139 patients after the CNS hemorrhage. We compared 109 survivors (Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) 5-3) and 30 patients with poor outcomes (GOS 2-1). Statistical evaluations were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann–Whitney U test. Almost the same numbers of erythrocytes in both subgroups appeared in days 0–3 (p = 0.927) and a significant increase in patients with GOS 2-1 in days 7–10 after the hemorrhage (p = 0.004) revealed persistence of extravascular blood in the CNS as an adverse factor. We assess 43.3% of patients with GOS 2-1 and only 27.5% of patients with GOS 5-3 with low values of the coefficient of energy balance (KEB < 15.0) in days 0–3 after the hemorrhage as a trend to immediate intensive inflammation in the CNS of patients with poor outcomes. We consider significantly higher concentration of total protein of patients with GOS 2-1 in days 0–3 after hemorrhage (p = 0.008) as the evidence of immediate simultaneously manifested intensive inflammation, swelling of the brain and elevation of intracranial pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kelbich
- Biomedical Centre, Masaryk Hospital Ústí nad Labem, 401 13 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; (I.M.); (E.H.)
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
- Laboratory for Cerebrospinal Fluid, Neuroimmunology, Pathology and Special Diagnostics Topelex, 190 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Aleš Hejčl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Masaryk Hospital Ústí nad Labem, J. E. Purkinje University, 401 13 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (T.R.); (J.L.); (M.S.); (P.V.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 117 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krejsek
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomáš Radovnický
- Department of Neurosurgery, Masaryk Hospital Ústí nad Labem, J. E. Purkinje University, 401 13 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (T.R.); (J.L.); (M.S.); (P.V.)
| | - Inka Matuchová
- Biomedical Centre, Masaryk Hospital Ústí nad Labem, 401 13 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; (I.M.); (E.H.)
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
- Laboratory for Cerebrospinal Fluid, Neuroimmunology, Pathology and Special Diagnostics Topelex, 190 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lodin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Masaryk Hospital Ústí nad Labem, J. E. Purkinje University, 401 13 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (T.R.); (J.L.); (M.S.); (P.V.)
| | - Jan Špička
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Masaryk Hospital Ústí nad Labem, 401 13 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic;
| | - Martin Sameš
- Department of Neurosurgery, Masaryk Hospital Ústí nad Labem, J. E. Purkinje University, 401 13 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (T.R.); (J.L.); (M.S.); (P.V.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Procházka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Masaryk Hospital Ústí nad Labem, J. E. Purkinje University, 401 13 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic;
| | - Eva Hanuljaková
- Biomedical Centre, Masaryk Hospital Ústí nad Labem, 401 13 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; (I.M.); (E.H.)
- Laboratory for Cerebrospinal Fluid, Neuroimmunology, Pathology and Special Diagnostics Topelex, 190 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vachata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Masaryk Hospital Ústí nad Labem, J. E. Purkinje University, 401 13 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (T.R.); (J.L.); (M.S.); (P.V.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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152
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van Dierendonck XAMH, Sancerni T, Alves-Guerra MC, Stienstra R. The role of uncoupling protein 2 in macrophages and its impact on obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. J Biol Chem 2021; 295:17535-17548. [PMID: 33453996 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a chronic, low-grade inflammation originating from adipose tissue in obese subjects is widely recognized to induce insulin resistance, leading to the development of type 2 diabetes. The adipose tissue microenvironment drives specific metabolic reprogramming of adipose tissue macrophages, contributing to the induction of tissue inflammation. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), a mitochondrial anion carrier, is thought to separately modulate inflammatory and metabolic processes in macrophages and is up-regulated in macrophages in the context of obesity and diabetes. Here, we investigate the role of UCP2 in macrophage activation in the context of obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Using a myeloid-specific knockout of UCP2 (Ucp2ΔLysM), we found that UCP2 deficiency significantly increases glycolysis and oxidative respiration, both unstimulated and after inflammatory conditions. Strikingly, fatty acid loading abolished the metabolic differences between Ucp2ΔLysM macrophages and their floxed controls. Furthermore, Ucp2ΔLysM macrophages show attenuated pro-inflammatory responses toward Toll-like receptor-2 and -4 stimulation. To test the relevance of macrophage-specific Ucp2 deletion in vivo, Ucp2ΔLysM and Ucp2fl/fl mice were rendered obese and insulin resistant through high-fat feeding. Although no differences in adipose tissue inflammation or insulin resistance was found between the two genotypes, adipose tissue macrophages isolated from diet-induced obese Ucp2ΔLysM mice showed decreased TNFα secretion after ex vivo lipopolysaccharide stimulation compared with their Ucp2fl/fl littermates. Together, these results demonstrate that although UCP2 regulates both metabolism and the inflammatory response of macrophages, its activity is not crucial in shaping macrophage activation in the adipose tissue during obesity-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthe A M H van Dierendonck
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rinke Stienstra
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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153
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Sun Y, Zhou L, Chen W, Zhang L, Zeng H, Sun Y, Long J, Yuan D. Immune metabolism: a bridge of dendritic cells function. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 41:313-325. [PMID: 33792460 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1897124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of researches have shown that cell metabolism regulates cell function. Dendritic cells (DCs), a professional antigen presenting cells, connect innate and adaptive immune responses. The preference of DCs for sugar or lipid affects its phenotypes and functions. In many diseases such as atherosclerosis (AS), diabetes mellitus and tumor, altered glucose or lipid level in microenvironment makes DCs exert ineffective or opposite immune roles, which accelerates the development of these diseases. In this article, we review the metabolism pathways of glucose and cholesterol in DCs, and the effects of metabolic changes on the phenotype and function of DCs. In addition, we discuss the effects of changes in glucose and lipid levels on DCs in the context of different diseases for better understanding the relationship between DCs and diseases. The immune metabolism of DCs may be a potential intervention link to treat metabolic-related immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weikai Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Sun
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Long
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongping Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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154
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Andreyev AY, Kushnareva YE, Starkova NN, Starkov AA. Metabolic ROS Signaling: To Immunity and Beyond. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:1650-1667. [PMID: 33705302 PMCID: PMC7768995 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920120160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism is a critical determinant of immune cell functionality. Immunometabolism, by definition, is a multidisciplinary area of immunology research that integrates the knowledge of energy transduction mechanisms and biochemical pathways. An important concept in the field is metabolic switch, a transition of immune cells upon activation to preferential utilization of select catabolic pathways for their energy needs. Mitochondria are not inert in this process and contribute to the metabolic adaptation by different mechanisms which include increasing ATP production to match dynamic bioenergetic demands and serving as a signaling platform. The latter involves generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), one of the most intensively studied mitochondrial processes. While the role of mitochondrial ROS in the context of oxidative stress is well established, ROS signaling in immunity is an emerging and quickly changing field. In this review, we discuss ROS signaling and immunometabolism concepts from the standpoint of bioenergetics. We also provide a critical insight into the methodology for ROS assessment, outlining current challenges in the field. Finally, based on our analysis of the literature data, we hypothesize that regulatory ROS production, as opposed to oxidative stress, is controlled by mitochondrial biogenesis rather than metabolic switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Andreyev
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Y E Kushnareva
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - N N Starkova
- State University of New York, Maritime College, New York, NY 10465, USA.
| | - A A Starkov
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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155
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Mukhopadhyay S, Vander Heiden MG, McCormick F. The Metabolic Landscape of RAS-Driven Cancers from biology to therapy. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:271-283. [PMID: 33870211 PMCID: PMC8045781 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of how the RAS protein family, and in particular mutant KRAS promote metabolic dysregulation in cancer cells has advanced significantly over the last decade. In this Review, we discuss the metabolic reprogramming mediated by oncogenic RAS in cancer, and elucidating the underlying mechanisms could translate to novel therapeutic opportunities to target metabolic vulnerabilities in RAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Mukhopadhyay
- National Cancer Institute RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank McCormick
- National Cancer Institute RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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156
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Wang Z, Guan D, Huo J, Biswas SK, Huang Y, Yang Y, Xu S, Lam KP. IL-10 Enhances Human Natural Killer Cell Effector Functions via Metabolic Reprogramming Regulated by mTORC1 Signaling. Front Immunol 2021; 12:619195. [PMID: 33708210 PMCID: PMC7940510 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.619195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell metabolism plays a pivotal role in regulating the effector functions of immune cells. Stimulatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-12 and IL-15, activate glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in natural killer (NK) cells to support their enhanced effector functions. IL-10, a pleiotropic cytokine, is known to suppress macrophage activation but stimulate NK cells. However, it remains unclear if IL-10 has an effect on the metabolism of human NK cells and if so, what metabolic mechanisms are affected, and how these metabolic changes are regulated and contribute to the effector functions of NK cells. In this study, we demonstrate that IL-10 upregulates both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in human NK cells, and these metabolic changes are crucial for the enhanced effector functions of NK cells. Mechanistically, we unravel that IL-10 activates the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) to regulate metabolic reprogramming in human NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Bioprocessing Technology Institute, ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Di Guan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianxin Huo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Subhra K Biswas
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuhan Huang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuansheng Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shengli Xu
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kong-Peng Lam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Bioprocessing Technology Institute, ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
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157
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Bajgar A, Krejčová G, Doležal T. Polarization of Macrophages in Insects: Opening Gates for Immuno-Metabolic Research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629238. [PMID: 33659253 PMCID: PMC7917182 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance and cachexia represent severe metabolic syndromes accompanying a variety of human pathological states, from life-threatening cancer and sepsis to chronic inflammatory states, such as obesity and autoimmune disorders. Although the origin of these metabolic syndromes has not been fully comprehended yet, a growing body of evidence indicates their possible interconnection with the acute and chronic activation of an innate immune response. Current progress in insect immuno-metabolic research reveals that the induction of insulin resistance might represent an adaptive mechanism during the acute phase of bacterial infection. In Drosophila, insulin resistance is induced by signaling factors released by bactericidal macrophages as a reflection of their metabolic polarization toward aerobic glycolysis. Such metabolic adaptation enables them to combat the invading pathogens efficiently but also makes them highly nutritionally demanding. Therefore, systemic metabolism has to be adjusted upon macrophage activation to provide them with nutrients and thus support the immune function. That anticipates the involvement of macrophage-derived systemic factors mediating the inter-organ signaling between macrophages and central energy-storing organs. Although it is crucial to coordinate the macrophage cellular metabolism with systemic metabolic changes during the acute phase of bacterial infection, the action of macrophage-derived factors may become maladaptive if chronic or in case of infection by an intracellular pathogen. We hypothesize that insulin resistance evoked by macrophage-derived signaling factors represents an adaptive mechanism for the mobilization of sources and their preferential delivery toward the activated immune system. We consider here the validity of the presented model for mammals and human medicine. The adoption of aerobic glycolysis by bactericidal macrophages as well as the induction of insulin resistance by macrophage-derived factors are conserved between insects and mammals. Chronic insulin resistance is at the base of many human metabolically conditioned diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cachexia. Therefore, revealing the original biological relevance of cytokine-induced insulin resistance may help to develop a suitable strategy for treating these frequent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bajgar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Gabriela Krejčová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Doležal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
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158
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Korwar AM, Hossain A, Lee TJ, Shay AE, Basrur V, Conlon K, Smith PB, Carlson BA, Salis HM, Patterson AD, Prabhu KS. Selenium-dependent metabolic reprogramming during inflammation and resolution. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100410. [PMID: 33581115 PMCID: PMC7966868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trace element selenium (Se) is incorporated as the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine, into selenoproteins through tRNA[Ser]Sec. Selenoproteins act as gatekeepers of redox homeostasis and modulate immune function to effect anti-inflammation and resolution. However, mechanistic underpinnings involving metabolic reprogramming during inflammation and resolution remain poorly understood. Bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation of murine bone marrow–derived macrophages cultured in the presence or absence of Se (as selenite) was used to examine temporal changes in the proteome and metabolome by multiplexed tandem mass tag–quantitative proteomics, metabolomics, and machine-learning approaches. Kinetic deltagram and clustering analysis indicated that addition of Se led to extensive reprogramming of cellular metabolism upon stimulation with LPS enhancing the pentose phosphate pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, to aid in the phenotypic transition toward alternatively activated macrophages, synonymous with resolution of inflammation. Remodeling of metabolic pathways and consequent metabolic adaptation toward proresolving phenotypes began with Se treatment at 0 h and became most prominent around 8 h after LPS stimulation that included succinate dehydrogenase complex, pyruvate kinase, and sedoheptulokinase. Se-dependent modulation of these pathways predisposed bone marrow–derived macrophages to preferentially increase oxidative phosphorylation to efficiently regulate inflammation and its timely resolution. The use of macrophages lacking selenoproteins indicated that all three metabolic nodes were sensitive to selenoproteome expression. Furthermore, inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase complex with dimethylmalonate affected the proresolving effects of Se by increasing the resolution interval in a murine peritonitis model. In summary, our studies provide novel insights into the role of cellular Se via metabolic reprograming to facilitate anti-inflammation and proresolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind M Korwar
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ayaan Hossain
- Bioinformatics and Genomics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Departments of Chemical Engineering, Biological Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tai-Jung Lee
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashley E Shay
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Venkatesha Basrur
- Department of Pathology, Proteomics Resource Facility, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kevin Conlon
- Department of Pathology, Proteomics Resource Facility, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Philip B Smith
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Metabolomics Facility, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bradley A Carlson
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Howard M Salis
- Bioinformatics and Genomics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Departments of Chemical Engineering, Biological Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - K Sandeep Prabhu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
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159
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Leacy E, Brady G, Little MA. Pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis: an emerging role for immunometabolism. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:iii33-iii41. [PMID: 32348520 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a severe systemic autoimmune disease. A key feature of AAV is the presence of Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) directed against myeloperoxidase (MPO) or proteinase-3 (PR3). ANCA are key to the pathogenesis of AAV, where they activate innate immune cells to drive inflammation. Pre-activation or 'priming' of immune cells appears to be important for complete cellular activation in AAV. The burgeoning field of immunometabolism has illuminated the governance of immune cell function by distinct metabolic pathways. There is ample evidence that the priming events synonymous with AAV alter immune cell metabolism. In this review we discuss the pathogenesis of AAV and its intersection with recent insights into immune cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Leacy
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gareth Brady
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark A Little
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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160
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A Cohort Study Risk Factor Analysis for Endemic Disease in Pre-Weaned Dairy Heifer Calves. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020378. [PMID: 33540923 PMCID: PMC7913234 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Most dairy heifer calves are removed from their dam and reared on milk from birth until weaning at around nine weeks of age. During this period they are susceptible to diseases which reduce their welfare and later performance in the dairy herd and can cause mortality. This study investigated the risk factors for disease on 11 UK dairy farms. Each calf received a weekly clinical examination. Out of 492 heifers recruited, diarrhoea, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and umbilical disease were recorded in 48.2%, 45.9% and 28.7%, respectively. This was assessed using a composite disease score (CDS), reflecting severity and duration. The CDS for diarrhoea decreased when more calves were born in the same week, but this increased the risk of umbilical disease. The CDS for BRD was reduced by housing calves in fixed groups and feeding them more milk. Being born at a warmer time of year reduced the severity of BRD but increased it for umbilical disease. Calves acquire their initial immunity by ingesting antibodies in colostrum. Better immunity reduced the severity of BRD but failed to protect against diarrhoea or umbilical disease. Calves with a higher circulating concentration of the metabolic hormone insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) experienced less severe disease. Providing farmers and veterinarians with a better understanding of such risk factors helps them to improve their management practices to reduce disease incidence. Abstract Dairy heifer calves experience high levels of contagious disease during their preweaning period, which may result in poor welfare, reduced performance or mortality. We determined risk factors for disease in a cohort study of 492 heifers recruited from 11 commercial UK dairy farms. Every animal received a weekly examination by a veterinarian from birth to nine weeks using the Wisconsin scoring system. Multivariable models were constructed using a hierarchical model with calf nested within farm. Outcome variables for each disease included a binary outcome (yes/no), disease duration and a composite disease score (CDS) including both severity and duration. Diarrhoea, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and umbilical disease were recorded in 48.2%, 45.9% and 28.7% of calves, respectively. A higher heifer calving intensity in the week of birth reduced the CDS for diarrhoea, with a marginal benefit of improved passive transfer (serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) measured at recruitment). The CDS for BRD was reduced by housing in fixed groups, higher mean temperature in month of birth, increasing milk solids fed, increasing IgG, and higher plasma IGF-1 at recruitment. Conversely, higher calving intensity and higher temperature both increased the CDS for umbilical disease, whereas high IGF-1 was again protective. Although good passive transfer reduced the severity of BRD, it was not significant in models for diarrhoea and umbilical disease, emphasising the need to optimise other aspects of management. Measuring IGF-1 in the first week was a useful additional indicator for disease risk.
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161
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Gupta L, Guleria A, Rawat A, Kumar D, Aggarwal A. NMR-based clinical metabolomics revealed distinctive serum metabolic profiles in patients with spondyloarthritis. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:85-98. [PMID: 32786028 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a common rheumatic disorder of the young, marred by delay in diagnosis, and paucity of biomarkers of disease activity. The present study aimed to explore the potential of serum metabolic profiling of patients with SpA to identify biomarker for the diagnosis and assessment of disease activity. The serum metabolic profiles of 81 patients with SpA were compared with that of 86 healthy controls (HCs) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics approach. Seventeen patients were followed up after 3 months of standard treatment, and paired sera were analyzed for effects of therapy. Comparisons were done using the multivariate partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and the discriminatory metabolic entities were identified based on variable importance in projection (VIP) statistics and further evaluated for statistical significance (p value < 0.05). We found that the serum metabolic profiles differed significantly in SpA as compared with HCs. Compared with HC, the SpA patients were characterized by increased serum levels of amino acids, acetate, choline, N-acetyl glycoproteins, Nα-acetyl lysine, creatine/creatinine, and so forth and decreased levels of low-/very low-density lipoproteins and polyunsaturated lipids. PLS-DA analysis also revealed metabolic differences between axial and peripheral SpA patients. Further metabolite profiles were found to differ with disease activity and treatment in responding patients. The results presented in this study demonstrate the potential of serum metabolic profiling of axial SpA as a useful tool for diagnosis, prediction of peripheral disease, assessment of disease activity, and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latika Gupta
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Anupam Guleria
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Atul Rawat
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Amita Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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162
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Dusad V, Thiel D, Barahona M, Keun HC, Oyarzún DA. Opportunities at the Interface of Network Science and Metabolic Modeling. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:591049. [PMID: 33569373 PMCID: PMC7868444 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.591049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism plays a central role in cell physiology because it provides the molecular machinery for growth. At the genome-scale, metabolism is made up of thousands of reactions interacting with one another. Untangling this complexity is key to understand how cells respond to genetic, environmental, or therapeutic perturbations. Here we discuss the roles of two complementary strategies for the analysis of genome-scale metabolic models: Flux Balance Analysis (FBA) and network science. While FBA estimates metabolic flux on the basis of an optimization principle, network approaches reveal emergent properties of the global metabolic connectivity. We highlight how the integration of both approaches promises to deliver insights on the structure and function of metabolic systems with wide-ranging implications in discovery science, precision medicine and industrial biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varshit Dusad
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Denise Thiel
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mauricio Barahona
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hector C. Keun
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diego A. Oyarzún
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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163
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Wathes DC, Cheng Z, Salavati M, Buggiotti L, Takeda H, Tang L, Becker F, Ingvartsen KI, Ferris C, Hostens M, Crowe MA. Relationships between metabolic profiles and gene expression in liver and leukocytes of dairy cows in early lactation. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:3596-3616. [PMID: 33455774 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Homeorhetic mechanisms assist dairy cows in the transition from pregnancy to lactation. Less successful cows develop severe negative energy balance (NEB), placing them at risk of metabolic and infectious diseases and reduced fertility. We have previously placed multiparous Holstein Friesian cows from 4 herds into metabolic clusters, using as biomarkers measurements of plasma nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose and IGF-1 collected at 14 and 35 d in milk (DIM). This study characterized the global transcriptomic profiles of liver and circulating leukocytes from the same animals to determine underlying mechanisms associated with their metabolic and immune function. Liver biopsy and whole-blood samples were collected around 14 DIM for RNA sequencing. All cows with available RNA sequencing data were placed into balanced (BAL, n = 44), intermediate (n = 44), or imbalanced (IMBAL, n = 19) metabolic cluster groups. Differential gene expression was compared between the 3 groups using ANOVA, but only the comparison between BAL and IMBAL cows is reported. Pathway analysis was undertaken using DAVID Bioinformatic Resources (https://david.ncifcrf.gov/). Milk yields did not differ between BAL and IMBAL cows but dry matter intake was less in IMBAL cows and they were in greater energy deficit at 14 DIM (-4.48 v -11.70 MJ/d for BAL and IMBAL cows). Significantly differentially expressed pathways in hepatic tissue included AMPK signaling, glucagon signaling, adipocytokine signaling, and insulin resistance. Genes involved in lipid metabolism and cholesterol transport were more highly expressed in IMBAL cows but IGF1 and IGFALS were downregulated. Leukocytes from BAL cows had greater expression of histones and genes involved in nucleosomes and cell division. Leukocyte expression of heat shock proteins increased in IMBAL cows, suggesting an unfolded protein response, and several key genes involved in immune responses to pathogens were upregulated (e.g., DEFB13, HP, OAS1Z, PTX3, and TLR4). Differentially expressed genes upregulated in IMBAL cows in both tissues included CD36, CPT1, KFL11, and PDK4, all central regulators of energy metabolism. The IMBAL cows therefore had greater difficulty maintaining glucose homeostasis and had dysregulated hepatic lipid metabolism. Their energy deficit was associated with a reduced capacity for cell division and greater evidence of stress responses in the leukocyte population, likely contributing to an increased risk of infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Wathes
- Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
| | - Z Cheng
- Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - M Salavati
- Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - L Buggiotti
- Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - H Takeda
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - L Tang
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - F Becker
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - K I Ingvartsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - C Ferris
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT9 5PX, United Kingdom
| | - M Hostens
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M A Crowe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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164
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Reprogramming of Central Carbon Metabolism in Myeloid Cells upon Innate Immune Receptor Stimulation. IMMUNO 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno1010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunometabolism is a relatively new field of research that aims at understanding interconnections between the immune system and cellular metabolism. This is now well-documented for innate immune cells of the myeloid lineage such as macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) when they engage their differentiation or activation programs. Several studies have shown that stimulation of DCs or macrophages by the binding of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) leads to increased glycolytic activity and rewiring of central carbon metabolism. These metabolic modulations are essential to support and settle immunological functions by providing energy and immunoregulatory metabolites. As the understanding of molecular mechanisms progressed, significant differences between cell types and species have also been discovered. Pathways leading to the regulation of central carbon metabolism in macrophages and DCs by PRR signaling and consequences on cellular functions are reviewed here.
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165
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Ferluga J, Yasmin H, Bhakta S, Kishore U. Vaccination Strategies Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: BCG and Beyond. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1313:217-240. [PMID: 34661897 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67452-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and is the major cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe. The clinical outcome of TB infection and susceptibility varies among individuals and even among different populations, contributed by host genetic factors such as polymorphism in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles as well as in cytokine genes, nutritional differences between populations, immunometabolism, and other environmental factors. Till now, BCG is the only vaccine available to prevent TB but the protection rendered by BCG against pulmonary TB is not uniform. To deliver a vaccine which can give consistent protection against TB is a great challenge with rising burden of drug-resistant TB. Thus, expectations are quite high with new generation vaccines that will improve the efficiency of BCG without showing any discordance for all forms of TB, effective for individual of all ages in all parts of the world. In order to enhance or improve the efficacy of BCG, different strategies are being implemented by considering the immunogenicity of various Mtb virulence factors as well as of the recombinant strains, co-administration with adjuvants and use of appropriate vehicle for delivery. This chapter discusses several such pre-clinical attempts to boost BCG with subunit vaccines tested in murine models and also highlights various recombinant TB vaccines undergoing clinical trials. Promising candidates include new generation of live recombinant BCG (rBCG) vaccines, VPM1002, which are deleted in one or two virulence genes. They encode for the mycobacteria-infected macrophage-inhibitor proteins of host macrophage apoptosis and autophagy, key events in killing and eradication of Mtb. These vaccines are rBCG- ΔureC::hly HMR, and rBCG-ΔureC::hly ΔnuoG. The former vaccine has passed phase IIb in clinical trials involving South African infants and adults. Thus, with an aim of elimination of TB by 2050, all these cumulative efforts to develop a better TB vaccine possibly is new hope for positive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janez Ferluga
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Hadida Yasmin
- Immunology and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjib Bhakta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
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166
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Zhang B, Vogelzang A, Miyajima M, Sugiura Y, Wu Y, Chamoto K, Nakano R, Hatae R, Menzies RJ, Sonomura K, Hojo N, Ogawa T, Kobayashi W, Tsutsui Y, Yamamoto S, Maruya M, Narushima S, Suzuki K, Sugiya H, Murakami K, Hashimoto M, Ueno H, Kobayashi T, Ito K, Hirano T, Shiroguchi K, Matsuda F, Suematsu M, Honjo T, Fagarasan S. B cell-derived GABA elicits IL-10 + macrophages to limit anti-tumour immunity. Nature 2021; 599:471-476. [PMID: 34732892 PMCID: PMC8599023 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Small, soluble metabolites not only are essential intermediates in intracellular biochemical processes, but can also influence neighbouring cells when released into the extracellular milieu1-3. Here we identify the metabolite and neurotransmitter GABA as a candidate signalling molecule synthesized and secreted by activated B cells and plasma cells. We show that B cell-derived GABA promotes monocyte differentiation into anti-inflammatory macrophages that secrete interleukin-10 and inhibit CD8+ T cell killer function. In mice, B cell deficiency or B cell-specific inactivation of the GABA-generating enzyme GAD67 enhances anti-tumour responses. Our study reveals that, in addition to cytokines and membrane proteins, small metabolites derived from B-lineage cells have immunoregulatory functions, which may be pharmaceutical targets allowing fine-tuning of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihao Zhang
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Alexis Vogelzang
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michio Miyajima
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Biology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yibo Wu
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255YCI Laboratory for Next-Generation Proteomics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Chamoto
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rei Nakano
- grid.260969.20000 0001 2149 8846Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Hatae
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rosemary J. Menzies
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sonomura
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hojo
- grid.508743.dLaboratory for Prediction of Cell Systems Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Osaka, Japan
| | - Taisaku Ogawa
- grid.508743.dLaboratory for Prediction of Cell Systems Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Osaka, Japan
| | - Wakana Kobayashi
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumi Tsutsui
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yamamoto
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mikako Maruya
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Seiko Narushima
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Suzuki
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiya
- grid.260969.20000 0001 2149 8846Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Kosaku Murakami
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motomu Hashimoto
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Ito
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hirano
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Shiroguchi
- grid.508743.dLaboratory for Prediction of Cell Systems Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Biology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tasuku Honjo
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sidonia Fagarasan
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan. .,Division of Integrated High-Order Regulatory Systems, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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167
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Macrophage metabolic reprogramming during chronic lung disease. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:282-295. [PMID: 33184475 PMCID: PMC7658438 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Airway macrophages (AMs) play key roles in the maintenance of lung immune tolerance. Tissue tailored, highly specialised and strategically positioned, AMs are critical sentinels of lung homoeostasis. In the last decade, there has been a revolution in our understanding of how metabolism underlies key macrophage functions. While these initial observations were made during steady state or using in vitro polarised macrophages, recent studies have indicated that during many chronic lung diseases (CLDs), AMs adapt their metabolic profile to fit their local niche. By generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) for pathogen defence, utilising aerobic glycolysis to rapidly generate cytokines, and employing mitochondrial respiration to fuel inflammatory responses, AMs utilise metabolic reprogramming for host defence, although these changes may also support chronic pathology. This review focuses on how metabolic alterations underlie AM phenotype and function during CLDs. Particular emphasis is given to how our new understanding of AM metabolic plasticity may be exploited to develop AM-focused therapies.
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168
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Qin H, Chen Y. Lipid Metabolism and Tumor Antigen Presentation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1316:169-189. [PMID: 33740250 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6785-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumors always evade immune surveillance and block T cell activation in a poorly immunogenic and immunosuppressive environment. Cancer cells and immune cells exhibit metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which intimately links immune cell function and edits tumor immunology. In addition to glucose metabolism, amino acid and lipid metabolism also provide the materials for biological processes crucial in cancer biology and pathology. Furthermore, lipid metabolism is synergistically or negatively involved in the interactions between tumors and the microenvironment and contributes to the regulation of immune cells. Antigen processing and presentation as the initiation of adaptive immune response play a critical role in antitumor immunity. Therefore, a relationship exists between antigen-presenting cells and lipid metabolism in TME. This chapter introduces the updated understandings of lipid metabolism of tumor antigen-presenting cells and describes new directions in the manipulation of immune responses for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaxi Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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169
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Tonn MK, Thomas P, Barahona M, Oyarzún DA. Computation of Single-Cell Metabolite Distributions Using Mixture Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:614832. [PMID: 33415109 PMCID: PMC7783310 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.614832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic heterogeneity is widely recognized as the next challenge in our understanding of non-genetic variation. A growing body of evidence suggests that metabolic heterogeneity may result from the inherent stochasticity of intracellular events. However, metabolism has been traditionally viewed as a purely deterministic process, on the basis that highly abundant metabolites tend to filter out stochastic phenomena. Here we bridge this gap with a general method for prediction of metabolite distributions across single cells. By exploiting the separation of time scales between enzyme expression and enzyme kinetics, our method produces estimates for metabolite distributions without the lengthy stochastic simulations that would be typically required for large metabolic models. The metabolite distributions take the form of Gaussian mixture models that are directly computable from single-cell expression data and standard deterministic models for metabolic pathways. The proposed mixture models provide a systematic method to predict the impact of biochemical parameters on metabolite distributions. Our method lays the groundwork for identifying the molecular processes that shape metabolic heterogeneity and its functional implications in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona K. Tonn
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Thomas
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mauricio Barahona
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diego A. Oyarzún
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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170
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Lin S, He W, Zeng M. Association of Diabetes and Admission Blood Glucose Levels with Short-Term Outcomes in Patients with Critical Illnesses. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:1151-1166. [PMID: 33376380 PMCID: PMC7764887 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s287510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Association of diabetes and admission glucose on the short-term prognosis in patients with critical illnesses are currently ambiguous. We aimed to determine whether diabetes and admission glucose affects short-term prognosis of critically ill patients. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of data on 46,476 critically ill patients from the critical care database. Association of diabetes with 28-day mortality was assessed by inverse probability weighting based on the propensity score. Smoothing splines and threshold effect analysis were applied to explore the relationship between admission glucose and clinical outcomes. Results Of the 33,680 patients enrolled in the study, 8,701 (25.83%) had diabetes. In the main analysis, the 28-day mortality was reduced by 29% (hazard ratio (HR)=0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67–0.76) in patients with diabetes compared to those without diabetes. The E-value of 2.17 indicated robustness to unmeasured confounders. Significant interactions were observed for glucose at ICU admission, admission type, and insulin use (Interaction P <0.05). A V-shaped relationship was observed between admission glucose and 28-day mortality in non-diabetic patients, with the lowest 28-day mortality corresponding to a glucose level of 101.75 mg/dl (95% CI 94.64–105.80 mg/dl), and admission hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia should be avoided, especially in patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU), cardiac surgery recovery unit (CSRU), and coronary care unit (CCU); for diabetic patients, elevated admission glucose does not appear to be associated with a poor prognosis and perhaps may be beneficial except for CCU and CSRU. Conclusion The non-detrimental effect of diabetes on the short-term prognosis of critically ill patients was further confirmed, which would reduce 28-day mortality by approximately 29%. For non-diabetic patients, the admission glucose level corresponding to the lowest 28-day mortality was 101.75 mg/dl (95% CI 94.64–105.80 mg/dl); however, for diabetics, the appropriate admission glucose threshold remains unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lin
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanmei He
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mian Zeng
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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171
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Zhang X, Zink F, Hezel F, Vogt J, Wachter U, Wepler M, Loconte M, Kranz C, Hellmann A, Mizaikoff B, Radermacher P, Hartmann C. Metabolic substrate utilization in stress-induced immune cells. Intensive Care Med Exp 2020; 8:28. [PMID: 33336295 PMCID: PMC7746792 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-020-00316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cell activation leads to the acquisition of new functions, such as proliferation, chemotaxis, and cytokine production. These functional changes require continuous metabolic adaption in order to sustain ATP homeostasis for sufficient host defense. The bioenergetic demands are usually met by the interconnected metabolic pathways glycolysis, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Apart from glucose, other sources, such as fatty acids and glutamine, are able to fuel the TCA cycle.Rising evidence has shown that cellular metabolism has a direct effect on the regulation of immune cell functions. Thus, quiescent immune cells maintain a basal metabolic state, which shifts to an accelerated metabolic level upon immune cell activation in order to promote key effector functions.This review article summarizes distinct metabolic signatures of key immune cell subsets from quiescence to activation and demonstrates a methodical concept of how to assess cellular metabolic pathways. It further discusses why metabolic functions are of rising interest for translational research and how they can be affected by the underlying pathophysiological condition and/or therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhang
- Institut für Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Helmholzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabian Zink
- Institut für Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Helmholzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Felix Hezel
- Institut für Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Helmholzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Josef Vogt
- Institut für Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Helmholzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wachter
- Institut für Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Helmholzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wepler
- Institut für Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Helmholzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maurizio Loconte
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncolocy and Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institut für Analytische und Bioanalytische Chemie, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Hellmann
- Institut für Analytische und Bioanalytische Chemie, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institut für Analytische und Bioanalytische Chemie, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institut für Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Helmholzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Clair Hartmann
- Institut für Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Helmholzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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172
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Liu Y, Jin J, Chen Y, Chen C, Chen Z, Xu L. Integrative analyses of biomarkers and pathways for adipose tissue after bariatric surgery. Adipocyte 2020; 9:384-400. [PMID: 32684073 PMCID: PMC7469525 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1795434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored potential biomarkers and molecular mechanisms regarding multiple benefits after bariatric surgery. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) after bariatric surgery were identified by analyzing two expression profiles from the GEO. Subsequently, enrichment analysis, GSEA, PPI network, and gene-microRNAs and gene-TFs networks were interrogated to identify hub genes and associated pathways. Co-expressed DEGs included one that was up-regulated and 22 that were down-regulated genes. The enrichment analyses indicated that down-regulated DEGs were significantly involved in inflammatory responses. GSEA provided comprehensive evidence that most genes enriched in pro-inflammation pathways, while gene-sets after surgery enriched in metabolism. We identified nine hub genes in the PPI network, most of which were validated as highly expressed and hypomethylated in obesity by Attie Lab Diabetes and DiseaseMeth databases, respectively. DGIdb was also applied to predict potential therapeutic agents that might reverse abnormally high hub gene expression. Bariatric surgery induces a significant shift from an obese pro-inflammatory state to an anti-inflammatory state, with improvement in adipocyte metabolic function – representing key mechanisms whereby AT function improves after bariatric surgery. Our study deepens a mechanistic understanding of the benefits of bariatric surgery and provides potential biomarkers or treatment targets for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshan Liu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanshan Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuna Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenguo Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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173
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Diskin C, Ryan TAJ, O'Neill LAJ. Modification of Proteins by Metabolites in Immunity. Immunity 2020; 54:19-31. [PMID: 33220233 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunometabolism has emerged as a key focus for immunologists, with metabolic change in immune cells becoming as important a determinant for specific immune effector responses as discrete signaling pathways. A key output for these changes involves post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins by metabolites. Products of glycolysis and Krebs cycle pathways can mediate these events, as can lipids, amino acids, and polyamines. A rich and diverse set of PTMs in macrophages and T cells has been uncovered, altering phenotype and modulating immunity and inflammation in different contexts. We review the recent findings in this area and speculate whether they could be of use in the effort to develop therapeutics for immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Diskin
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - T A J Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - L A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
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174
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Messerer DAC, Vidoni L, Erber M, Stratmann AEP, Bauer JM, Braun CK, Hug S, Adler A, Nilsson Ekdahl K, Nilsson B, Barth E, Radermacher P, Huber-Lang M. Animal-Free Human Whole Blood Sepsis Model to Study Changes in Innate Immunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:571992. [PMID: 33178198 PMCID: PMC7592114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.571992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying innate immunity in humans is crucial for understanding its role in the pathophysiology of systemic inflammation, particularly in the complex setting of sepsis. Therefore, we standardized a step-by-step process from the venipuncture to the transfer in a human model system, while closely monitoring the inflammatory response for up to three hours. We designed an animal-free, human whole blood sepsis model using a commercially available, simple to use, tubing system. First, we analyzed routine clinical parameters, including cell count and blood gas analysis. Second, we demonstrated that extracellular activation markers (e.g., CD11b and CD62l) as well as intracellular metabolic (intracellular pH) and functional (generation of radical oxygen species) features remained stable after incubation in the whole blood model. Third, we mimicked systemic inflammation during early sepsis by exposure of whole blood to pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Stimulation with lipopolysaccharide revealed the capability of the model system to evoke a sepsis-like inflammatory phenotype of innate immunity. In summary, the presented model serves as a convenient, economic, and reliable platform to study innate immunity in human whole blood, which may yield clinically important insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alexander Christian Messerer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Laura Vidoni
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maike Erber
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Jonas Martin Bauer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Karl Braun
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Hug
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Adler
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina Nilsson Ekdahl
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden.,Centre of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eberhard Barth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute for Anesthesiologic Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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175
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Yang K, Xu J, Fan M, Tu F, Wang X, Ha T, Williams DL, Li C. Lactate Suppresses Macrophage Pro-Inflammatory Response to LPS Stimulation by Inhibition of YAP and NF-κB Activation via GPR81-Mediated Signaling. Front Immunol 2020; 11:587913. [PMID: 33123172 PMCID: PMC7573489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.587913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence from cancer research indicates that lactate exerts a suppressive effect on innate immune responses in cancer. This study investigated the mechanisms by which lactate suppresses macrophage pro-inflammatory responses. Macrophages [Raw 264.7 and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs)] were treated with LPS in the presence or absence of lactate. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, NF-κB and YAP activation and nuclear translocation were examined. Our results show that lactate significantly attenuates LPS stimulated macrophage TNF-α and IL-6 production. Lactate also suppresses LPS stimulated macrophage NF-κB and YAP activation and nuclear translocation in macrophages. Interestingly, YAP activation and nuclear translocation are required for LPS stimulated macrophage NF-κB activation and TNFα production. Importantly, lactate suppressed YAP activation and nuclear translocation is mediated by GPR81 dependent AMKP and LATS activation which phosphorylates YAP, resulting in YAP inactivation. Finally, we demonstrated that LPS stimulation induces an interaction between YAP and NF-κB subunit p65, while lactate decreases the interaction of YAP and NF-κB, thus suppressing LPS induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Our study demonstrates that lactate exerts a previously unknown role in the suppression of macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokine production via GPR81 mediated YAP inactivation, resulting in disruption of YAP and NF-κB interaction and nuclear translocation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Min Fan
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Fei Tu
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Tuanzhu Ha
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - David L. Williams
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Chuanfu Li
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
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176
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Molecular Chaperones: Molecular Assembly Line Brings Metabolism and Immunity in Shape. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10100394. [PMID: 33023034 PMCID: PMC7600384 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are a set of conserved proteins that have evolved to assist the folding of many newly synthesized proteins by preventing their misfolding under conditions such as elevated temperatures, hypoxia, acidosis and nutrient deprivation. Molecular chaperones belong to the heat shock protein (HSP) family. They have been identified as important participants in immune functions including antigen presentation, immunostimulation and immunomodulation, and play crucial roles in metabolic rewiring and epigenetic circuits. Growing evidence has accumulated to indicate that metabolic pathways and their metabolites influence the function of immune cells and can alter transcriptional activity through epigenetic modification of (de)methylation and (de)acetylation. However, whether molecular chaperones can regulate metabolic programs to influence immune activity is still largely unclear. In this review, we discuss the available data on the biological function of molecular chaperones to immune responses during inflammation, with a specific focus on the interplay between molecular chaperones and metabolic pathways that drive immune cell fate and function.
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177
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Yin X, Zeng W, Wu B, Wang L, Wang Z, Tian H, Wang L, Jiang Y, Clay R, Wei X, Qin Y, Zhang F, Zhang C, Jin L, Liang W. PPARα Inhibition Overcomes Tumor-Derived Exosomal Lipid-Induced Dendritic Cell Dysfunction. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108278. [PMID: 33086073 PMCID: PMC7771208 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate the initiation, programming, and regulation of anti-tumor immune responses. Emerging evidence indicates that the tumor microenvironment (TME) induces immune dysfunctional tumor-infiltrating DCs (TIDCs), characterized with both increased intracellular lipid content and mitochondrial respiration. The underlying mechanism, however, remains largely unclear. Here, we report that fatty acid-carrying tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) induce immune dysfunctional DCs to promote immune evasion. Mechanistically, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) α responds to the fatty acids delivered by TDEs, resulting in excess lipid droplet biogenesis and enhanced fatty acid oxidation (FAO), culminating in a metabolic shift toward mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, which drives DC immune dysfunction. Genetic depletion or pharmacologic inhibition of PPARα effectively attenuates TDE-induced DC-based immune dysfunction and enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy. This work uncovers a role for TDE-mediated immune modulation in DCs and reveals that PPARα lies at the center of metabolic-immune regulation of DCs, suggesting a potential immunotherapeutic target. Yin et al. reveal that tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs), as fatty acid carriers, induce a metabolic shift toward oxidative phosphorylation, driving DC immune dysfunction. Transcriptomic analysis identifies PPARα as the fatty acid sensor mediating the immunosuppressive effects of TDEs on DCs. PPARα blockade effectively restores DC function and enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Yin
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Wenfeng Zeng
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China.
| | - Bowen Wu
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China; Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Luoyang Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Hongjian Tian
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Yunhan Jiang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-3033, USA
| | - Ryan Clay
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-3033, USA
| | - Xiuli Wei
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fayun Zhang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lingtao Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-3033, USA.
| | - Wei Liang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China.
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178
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Rahman J, Singh P, Merle NS, Niyonzima N, Kemper C. Complement's favourite organelle-Mitochondria? Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:2771-2785. [PMID: 32840864 PMCID: PMC8359399 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system, well known for its central role in innate immunity, is currently emerging as an unexpected, cell‐autonomous, orchestrator of normal cell physiology. Specifically, an intracellularly active complement system—the complosome—controls key pathways of normal cell metabolism during immune cell homeostasis and effector function. So far, we know little about the exact structure and localization of intracellular complement components within and among cells. A common scheme, however, is that they operate in crosstalk with other intracellular immune sensors, such as inflammasomes, and that they impact on the activity of key subcellular compartments. Among cell compartments, mitochondria appear to have built a particularly early and strong relationship with the complosome and extracellularly active complement—not surprising in view of the strong impact of the complosome on metabolism. In this review, we will hence summarize the current knowledge about the close complosome–mitochondria relationship and also discuss key questions surrounding this novel research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubayer Rahman
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Parul Singh
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicolas S Merle
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathalie Niyonzima
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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179
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Li T, Li X, Guo Y, Zheng G, Yu T, Zeng W, Qiu L, He X, Yang Y, Zheng X, Li Y, Huang H, Liu X. Distinct mRNA and long non-coding RNA expression profiles of decidual natural killer cells in patients with early missed abortion. FASEB J 2020; 34:14264-14286. [PMID: 32915478 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000621r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Early non-chromosome-related missed abortion (MA) is commonly associated with an altered immunological environment during pregnancy. Human decidual natural killer (dNK) cells, the most abundant lymphocyte population within the first-trimester maternal-fetal interface, are vital maternal regulators of immune tolerance mediating successful embryo implantation and placentation. Previous studies have shown that dNK cells may play a role in MA. However, the gene expression status and specific altered manifestations of dNK cells in patients with early MA remain largely unknown. Here, we show that MA dNK cells have distinct mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles through RNA sequencing, with a total of 276 mRNAs and 67 lncRNAs being differentially expressed compared with controls. Protein-protein interaction analysis of differentially expressed mRNAs was performed to identify hub genes and key modules. An lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network characterized by the small-world property was constructed to reveal the regulation of mRNA transcription by differential hub lncRNAs. Functional annotation of differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs was performed to disclose their potential roles in MA pathogenesis. Our data highlight several enriched biological processes (immune response, inflammatory response, cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix [ECM] organization) and signaling pathways (cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, ECM-receptor interaction, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and phosphatidylinositol signaling system) that may influence MA. This study is the first to demonstrate the involvement of altered mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles in the dNK cell pathogenesis of early MA, facilitating a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms and the development of novel MA therapeutic strategies targeting key mRNAs and lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinzhu Li
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Guo
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyong Zheng
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Yu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihong Zeng
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying He
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Ultrasonography, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoguo Zheng
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hefeng Huang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinmei Liu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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180
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Nishikoba N, Kumagai K, Kanmura S, Nakamura Y, Ono M, Eguchi H, Kamibayashiyama T, Oda K, Mawatari S, Tanoue S, Hashimoto S, Tsubouchi H, Ido A. HGF-MET Signaling Shifts M1 Macrophages Toward an M2-Like Phenotype Through PI3K-Mediated Induction of Arginase-1 Expression. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2135. [PMID: 32983173 PMCID: PMC7492554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds and Aims: Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)-MET signaling is known to promote biological functions such as cell survival, cell motility, and cell proliferation. However, it is unknown if HGF-MET alters the macrophage phenotype. In this study, we aimed to study the effects of HGF-MET signaling on the M1 macrophage phenotype. Methods and Materials: Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) isolated from mice were either polarized to an M1 phenotype by IFN-γ and LPS treatment or to an M2 phenotype by IL-4 treatment. Changes in M1 or M2 markers induced by HGF-MET signaling were evaluated. Mechanisms responsible for alternations in the macrophage phenotype and intracellular metabolism were analyzed. Results: c-Met was expressed especially in M1 macrophages polarized by treatment with IFN-γ and LPS. In M1 macrophages, HGF-MET signaling induced the expression of Arg-1 mRNA and secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β1 and downregulated the mRNA expression of iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6. In addition, activation of the PI3K pathway and inactivation of NFκB were also observed in M1 macrophages treated with HGF. The increased Arg-1 expression and IL-10 secretion were abrogated by PI3K inhibition, whereas, no changes were observed in TNF-α and IL-6 expression. The inactivation of NFκB was found to be independent of the PI3K pathway. HGF-MET signaling shifted the M1 macrophages to an M2-like phenotype, mainly through PI3K-mediated induction of Arg-1 expression. Finally, HGF-MET signaling also shifted the M1 macrophage intracellular metabolism toward an M2 phenotype, especially with respect to fatty acid metabolism. Conclusion: Our results suggested that HGF treatment not only promotes regeneration in epithelial cells, but also leads to tissue repair by altering M1 macrophages to an M2-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Nishikoba
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kumagai
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shuji Kanmura
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakamura
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ono
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Eguchi
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kamibayashiyama
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kohei Oda
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Seiichi Mawatari
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shiroh Tanoue
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hashimoto
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hirohito Tsubouchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akio Ido
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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181
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Oh DS, Park JH, Jung HE, Kim HJ, Lee HK. Autophagic protein ATG5 controls antiviral immunity via glycolytic reprogramming of dendritic cells against respiratory syncytial virus infection. Autophagy 2020; 17:2111-2127. [PMID: 32816604 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1812218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory tract infections in infants. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a catalytic metabolic process required for cellular homeostasis. Although intracellular metabolism is important for immune responses in dendritic cells, the link between autophagy and immunometabolism remains unknown. Here, we show that the autophagy-related protein ATG5 regulates immunometabolism. Atg5-deficient mouse dendritic cells showed increased CD8A+ T-cell response and increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines upon RSV infection. Transcriptome analysis showed that Atg5 deficiency alters the expression of metabolism-related genes. Atg5-deficient dendritic cells also showed increased activation of glycolysis and the AKT-MTOR-RPS6KB1 pathway and decreased mitochondrial activity, all of which are cellular signatures for metabolic activation. These cells also showed elevated CD8A+ T-cell priming and surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression. Our results suggested that ATG5 regulated host immune responses by modulating dendritic cell metabolism. These findings may help develop potential antiviral therapies that alter host immunity by regulating autophagy and immunometabolism.Abbreviations : 2-DG: 2-deoxyglucose; AAK1: AP2 associated kinase 1; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; AM: alveolar macrophage; ATG: autophagy; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage; BMDC: bone marrow dendritic cell; CSF2/GM-CSF: colony-stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage); CTL: cytotoxic T lymphocyte; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GSEA: gene-set enrichment analysis; H-2Db: H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, D-B alpha chain; H-2Kb: MHC class I H2-K-b; HIF1A: hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha; IFNG: interferon-gamma; IL: interleukin; ITGAX: integrin alpha X; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; MTORC1: mammalian target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PFU: plaque-forming unit; RLR: retinoic acid-inducible-I-like receptor; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RPMI: Roswell Park Memorial Institute; RPS6KB1/S6K: ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 1; RSV: respiratory syncytial virus; Th: T helper; TLR: toll-like receptor; Treg: regulatory T cells; UMAP: uniform manifold approximation and projection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sun Oh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hyun Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi Eun Jung
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,The Center for Epidemic Preparedness, KAIST Institute, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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182
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Tocut M, Shoenfeld Y, Zandman-Goddard G. Systemic lupus erythematosus: an expert insight into emerging therapy agents in preclinical and early clinical development. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:1151-1162. [PMID: 32755494 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1807004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease that is potentially fatal. There is no cure for SLE and the medications used are associated with toxic side effects. In the era of revolutionary emerging novel biologic agents, the design and investigation of targeted therapy for these patients is necessary. Novel therapies under investigation in phase II-III clinical trials showed promising results. Therapies can target various pathways involved in SLE including cytokines, signal transduction inhibitors, B-cell depletion and interference with co-stimulation. Of interest is the proof of concept of sequential therapy. AREAS COVERED We performed an extensive literature search via PubMed, Medline, Elsevier Science and Springer Link databases between the years 2014-2020 using the following terms: SLE, novel treatments. We have reviewed 232 articles and selected those articles that (i) focus on phase II-III emerging therapies and (ii) offer new findings from existing therapies, which reveal breakthrough concepts in SLE treatment. EXPERT OPINION It is still difficult to crack the puzzle of a successful SLE treatment approach. New strategies with potential may encompass the targeting of more than one protein. Another way forward is to identify each SLE patient and personalize therapy by clinical manifestations, disease activity, serology and activated protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Tocut
- Department of Internal Medicine C, Wolfson Medical Center , Holon, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel.,Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center , Ramat Gan, Israel.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
| | - Gisele Zandman-Goddard
- Department of Internal Medicine C, Wolfson Medical Center , Holon, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel
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183
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Cara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology-IWK Health Centre- Dalhousie University, Halifax (NS), Canada
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184
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Abstract
For infectious-disease outbreaks, clinical solutions typically focus on efficient pathogen destruction. However, the COVID-19 pandemic provides a reminder that infectious diseases are complex, multisystem conditions, and a holistic understanding will be necessary to maximize survival. For COVID-19 and all other infectious diseases, metabolic processes are intimately connected to the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and the resulting pathology and pathophysiology, as well as the host defence response to the infection. Here, I examine the relationship between metabolism and COVID-19. I discuss why preexisting metabolic abnormalities, such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension, may be important risk factors for severe and critical cases of infection, highlighting parallels between the pathophysiology of these metabolic abnormalities and the disease course of COVID-19. I also discuss how metabolism at the cellular, tissue and organ levels might be harnessed to promote defence against the infection, with a focus on disease-tolerance mechanisms, and speculate on the long-term metabolic consequences for survivors of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle S Ayres
- Molecular and Systems Physiology Laboratory, Gene Expression Laboratory, NOMIS Center for Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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185
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Gorska AM, Eugenin EA. The Glutamate System as a Crucial Regulator of CNS Toxicity and Survival of HIV Reservoirs. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:261. [PMID: 32670889 PMCID: PMC7326772 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu) is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). HIV-1 and viral proteins compromise glutamate synaptic transmission, resulting in poor cell-to-cell signaling and bystander toxicity. In this study, we identified that myeloid HIV-1-brain reservoirs survive in Glu and glutamine (Gln) as a major source of energy. Thus, we found a link between synaptic compromise, metabolomics of viral reservoirs, and viral persistence. In the current manuscript we will discuss all these interactions and the potential to achieve eradication and cure using this unique metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Gorska
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Eliseo A Eugenin
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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186
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Sustained Immunoparalysis in Endotoxin-Tolerized Monocytic Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8294342. [PMID: 32617075 PMCID: PMC7306843 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8294342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is associated with a strong inflammatory reaction triggering a complex and prolonged immune response. Septic patients have been shown to develop sustained immunosuppression due to a reduced responsiveness of leukocytes to pathogens. Changes in cellular metabolism of leukocytes have been linked to this phenomenon and contribute to the ongoing immunological derangement. However, the underlying mechanisms of these phenomena are incompletely understood. In cell culture models, we mimicked LPS tolerance conditions to provide evidence that epigenetic modifications account for monocyte metabolic changes which cause immune paralysis in restimulated septic monocytes. In detail, we observed differential methylation of CpG sites related to metabolic activity in human PBMCs 18 h after septic challenge. The examination of changes in immune function and metabolic pathways was performed in LPS-tolerized monocytic THP-1 cells. Passaged THP-1 cells, inheriting initial LPS challenge, presented with dysregulation of cytokine expression and oxygen consumption for up to 7 days after the initial LPS treatment. Proinflammatory cytokine concentrations of TNFα and IL1β were significantly suppressed following a second LPS challenge (p < 0.001) on day 7 after first LPS stimulation. However, the analysis of cellular metabolism did not reveal any noteworthy alterations between tolerant and nontolerant THP-1 monocytes. No quantitative differences in ATP and NADH synthesis or participating enzymes of energy metabolism occurred. Our data demonstrate that the function and epigenetic modifications of septic and tolerized monocytes can be examined in vitro with the help of our LPS model. Changes in CpG site methylation and monocyte function point to a correlation between epigenetic modification in metabolic pathways and reduced monocyte function under postseptic conditions.
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187
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Ramalho R, Rao M, Zhang C, Agrati C, Ippolito G, Wang FS, Zumla A, Maeurer M. Immunometabolism: new insights and lessons from antigen-directed cellular immune responses. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:279-313. [PMID: 32519148 PMCID: PMC7282544 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of immune responses by nutrients is an important area of study in cellular biology and clinical sciences in the context of cancer therapies and anti-pathogen-directed immune responses in health and disease. We review metabolic pathways that influence immune cell function and cellular persistence in chronic infections. We also highlight the role of nutrients in altering the tissue microenvironment with lessons from the tumor microenvironment that shapes the quality and quantity of cellular immune responses. Multiple layers of biological networks, including the nature of nutritional supplements, the genetic background, previous exposures, and gut microbiota status have impact on cellular performance and immune competence against molecularly defined targets. We discuss how immune metabolism determines the differentiation pathway of antigen-specific immune cells and how these insights can be explored to devise better strategies to strengthen anti-pathogen-directed immune responses, while curbing unwanted, non-productive inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Ramalho
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM, U4585 FCT), Applied Nutrition Studies Group G.E.N.A.-IUEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Martin Rao
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Chao Zhang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Markus Maeurer
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.
- I Medizinische Klinik, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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188
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Glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose suppresses inflammatory response in innate immune cells and experimental staphylococcal endophthalmitis. Exp Eye Res 2020; 197:108079. [PMID: 32454039 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that Staphylococcus (S) aureus induces a glycolytic response in retinal residential (microglia) and infiltrated cells (neutrophils and macrophages) during endophthalmitis. In this study, we sought to investigate the physiological role of glycolysis in bacterial endophthalmitis using a glycolytic inhibitor, 2-deoxyglucose (2DG). Our data showed that 2DG treatment attenuated the inflammatory responses of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and neutrophils (BMDN) when challenged with either live or heat-killed S. aureus (HKSA). Among the inflammatory mediators, 2DG caused a significant reduction in levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and chemokines (CXCL1 and CXCL2). Western blot analysis of 2DG treated cells showed downregulation of bacterial-induced MEK/ERK pathways. In vivo, intravitreal administration of 2DG both pre- and post-bacterial infection resulted in a significant reduction in intraocular inflammation in C57BL/6 mouse eyes and downregulation of ERK phosphorylation in retinal tissue. Collectively, our study demonstrates that 2DG attenuates inflammatory response in bacterial endophthalmitis and cultured innate immune cells via inhibition of ERK signaling. Thus glycolytic inhibitors in combination with antibiotics could mitigate inflammation-mediated tissue damage in ocular infections.
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189
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Ottria A, Hoekstra AT, Zimmermann M, van der Kroef M, Vazirpanah N, Cossu M, Chouri E, Rossato M, Beretta L, Tieland RG, Wichers CGK, Stigter E, Gulersonmez C, Bonte-Mineur F, Berkers CR, Radstake TRDJ, Marut W. Fatty Acid and Carnitine Metabolism Are Dysregulated in Systemic Sclerosis Patients. Front Immunol 2020; 11:822. [PMID: 32528464 PMCID: PMC7256194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare chronic disease of unknown pathogenesis characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs, vascular alteration, and dysregulation of the immune system. In order to better understand the immune system and its perturbations leading to diseases, the study of the mechanisms regulating cellular metabolism has gained a widespread interest. Here, we have assessed the metabolic status of plasma and dendritic cells (DCs) in patients with SSc. We identified a dysregulated metabolomic signature in carnitine in circulation (plasma) and intracellularly in DCs of SSc patients. In addition, we confirmed carnitine alteration in the circulation of SSc patients in three independent plasma measurements from two different cohorts and identified dysregulation of fatty acids. We hypothesized that fatty acid and carnitine alterations contribute to potentiation of inflammation in SSc. Incubation of healthy and SSc dendritic cells with etoposide, a carnitine transporter inhibitor, inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 through inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. These findings shed light on the altered metabolic status of the immune system in SSc patients and opens up for potential novel avenues to reduce inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ottria
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - A T Hoekstra
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M Zimmermann
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M van der Kroef
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - N Vazirpanah
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M Cossu
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - E Chouri
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M Rossato
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - L Beretta
- Referral Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, University of Milan and Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milan, Italy
| | - R G Tieland
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - C G K Wichers
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - E Stigter
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center Molecular Medicine, Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - C Gulersonmez
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center Molecular Medicine, Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - F Bonte-Mineur
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - C R Berkers
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - T R D J Radstake
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - W Marut
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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190
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Li CL, Zhou WJ, Ji G, Zhang L. Natural products that target macrophages in treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2155-2165. [PMID: 32476782 PMCID: PMC7235205 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i18.2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive subtype of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and potentiates risks for both hepatic and metabolic diseases. Although the pathophysiology of NASH is not completely understood, recent studies have revealed that macrophage activation is a major contributing factor for the disease progression. Macrophages integrate the immune response and metabolic process and have become promising targets for NASH therapy. Natural products are potential candidates for NASH treatment and have multifactorial underlying mechanisms. Macrophage involvement in the development of steatosis and inflammation in NASH has been widely investigated. In this review, we assess the evidence for natural products or their active ingredients in the modulation of macrophage activation, recruitment, and polarization, as well as the metabolic status of macrophages. Our work may highlight the possible natural products that target macrophages as potential treatment options for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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191
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Osteoarthritis-associated basic calcium phosphate crystals alter immune cell metabolism and promote M1 macrophage polarization. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:603-612. [PMID: 31730805 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A number of studies have demonstrated that molecules called 'alarmins' or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), contribute to inflammatory processes in the OA joint. Metabolic reprogramming of immune cells, including macrophages, is emerging as a prominent player in determining immune cell phenotype and function. The aim of this study was to investigate if basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals which are OA-associated DAMPs, impact on macrophage phenotype and metabolism. METHODS Human monocyte derived macrophages were treated with BCP crystals and expression of M1 (CXCL9, CXCL10) and M2 (MRC1, CCL13)-associated markers was assessed by real-time PCR while surface maturation marker (CD40, CD80 & CD86) expression was assessed by flow cytometry. BCP induced metabolic changes were assessed by Seahorse analysis and glycolytic marker expression (hexokinase 2(HK2), Glut1 and HIF1α) was examined using real-time PCR and immunoblotting. RESULTS Treatment with BCP crystals upregulated mRNA levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 while concomitantly downregulating expression of CCL13 and MRC1. Furthermore, BCP-treated macrophages enhanced surface expression of the maturation makers, CD40, CD80 and CD86. BCP-treated cells also exhibited a shift towards glycolysis as evidenced by an increased ECAR/OCR ratio and enhanced expression of the glycolytic markers, HK2, Glut1 and HIF1α. Finally, BCP-induced macrophage activation and alarmin expression was reduced in the presence of the glycolytic inhibitor, 2-DG. CONCLUSIONS This study not only provides further insight into how OA-associated DAMPs impact on immune cell function, but also highlights metabolic reprogramming as a potential therapeutic target for calcium crystal-related arthropathies.
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192
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Ekiz HA, Ramstead AG, Lee SH, Nelson MC, Bauer KM, Wallace JA, Hu R, Round JL, Rutter J, Drummond MJ, Rao DS, O'Connell RM. T Cell-Expressed microRNA-155 Reduces Lifespan in a Mouse Model of Age-Related Chronic Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 204:2064-2075. [PMID: 32161096 PMCID: PMC7325601 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related chronic inflammation is a risk factor for many human disorders through incompletely understood mechanisms. Aged mice deficient in microRNA (miRNA/miR)-146a succumb to life-shortening chronic inflammation. In this study, we report that miR-155 in T cells contributes to shortened lifespan of miR-146a-/- mice. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry, we found that miR-155 promotes the activation of effector T cell populations, including T follicular helper cells, and increases germinal center B cells and autoantibodies in mice aged over 15 months. Mechanistically, aerobic glycolysis genes are elevated in T cells during aging, and upon deletion of miR-146a, in a T cell miR-155-dependent manner. Finally, skewing T cell metabolism toward aerobic glycolysis by deleting mitochondrial pyruvate carrier recapitulates age-dependent T cell phenotypes observed in miR-146a-/- mice, revealing the sufficiency of metabolic reprogramming to influence immune cell functions during aging. Altogether, these data indicate that T cell-specific miRNAs play pivotal roles in regulating lifespan through their influences on inflammaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Atakan Ekiz
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Andrew G Ramstead
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Soh-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Morgan C Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Kaylyn M Bauer
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Jared A Wallace
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Ruozhen Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - June L Round
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Jared Rutter
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Micah J Drummond
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112; and
| | - Dinesh S Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ryan M O'Connell
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112;
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
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193
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Parackova Z, Zentsova I, Vrabcova P, Klocperk A, Sumnik Z, Pruhova S, Petruzelkova L, Hasler R, Sediva A. Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Induced Dendritic Cell Activation Leads to Th1 Polarization in Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:661. [PMID: 32346380 PMCID: PMC7172866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) infiltrate the pancreas prior to type 1 diabetes (T1D) onset; however, the precise nature of their contribution to disease remains poorly defined. To examine how NETs affect immune functions in T1D, we investigated NET composition and their effect on dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes in T1D children. We showed that T1D patient NET composition differs substantially from that of healthy donors and that the presence of T1D-NETs in a mixed peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture caused a strong shift toward IFNγ-producing T lymphocytes, mediated through activation of innate immunity cells in T1D samples. Importantly, in a monocyte-derived DC (moDC) culture, NETs induced cytokine production, phenotypic change and IFNγ-producing T cells only in samples from T1D patients but not in those from healthy donors. RNA-seq analysis revealed that T1D-NETs presence causes TGFβ downregulation and IFNα upregulation and creates pro-T1D signature in healthy moDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Parackova
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Irena Zentsova
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Vrabcova
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Adam Klocperk
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zdenek Sumnik
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Stepanka Pruhova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lenka Petruzelkova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Robert Hasler
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Hospital in Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.,Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Sediva
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
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194
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NRF2-driven redox metabolism takes center stage in cancer metabolism from an outside-in perspective. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:321-336. [PMID: 32130657 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer development is a process of somatic clonal evolution. Darwinian principles of evolution emphasize the interaction between heritable individual variability and selective pressure from the environment. However, the current prevailing concept of cancer evolution mostly focuses on the alterations of genes, signaling, and metabolism inside cells, which underestimates the impact of environmental pressure in selecting the adapted cells. Recently, unsuccessful outcomes and many concerns raised in targeting those alterations inside cells have cast doubt on the current "cell-centric" paradigm of cancer formation, which necessitates a paradigm shift to an outside-in direction that considers environmental changes as a driver in determining the characteristics of selected cells. In the tumor microenvironment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are one of the most abundant chemical constituents generated by inflammatory and hypoxic conditions. Because of their cytotoxicity when present at high levels, ROS should be the pressure that selects cells with a high capacity for ROS metabolism and antioxidant defense, both of which are referred to as redox metabolism. Cancer genome analyses have found that nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), which plays an indispensable role in redox metabolism, is frequently activated in many types of cancer, particularly lung cancer. This suggests that an ROS-rich microenvironment drives the selection, survival, and growth of cells with high NRF2 activity. Thus, NRF2-driven redox metabolism should be the most crucial part of cancer metabolism, proposing NRF2 inhibitor as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer.
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195
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Eder JM, Gorden PJ, Lippolis JD, Reinhardt TA, Sacco RE. Lactation stage impacts the glycolytic function of bovine CD4 + T cells during ex vivo activation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4045. [PMID: 32132555 PMCID: PMC7055328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy cattle undergo dynamic physiological changes over the course of a full lactation into the dry period, which impacts their immunocompetence. During activation, T cells undergo a characteristic rewiring to increase the uptake of glucose and metabolically reprogram to favor aerobic glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation. To date it remains to be completely elucidated how the altered energetic demands associated with lactation in dairy cows impacts T cell metabolic reprogramming. Thus, in our ex vivo studies we have examined the influence of stage of lactation (early lactation into the dry period) on cellular metabolism in activated bovine CD4+ T cells. Results showed higher rates of glycolytic function in activated CD4+ T cells from late lactation and dry cows compared to cells from early and mid-lactation cows. Similarly, protein and mRNA expression of cytokines were higher in CD4+ T cells from dry cows than CD4+ T cells from lactating cows. The data suggest CD4+ T cells from lactating cows have an altered metabolic responsiveness that could impact the immunocompetence of these animals, particularly those in early lactation, and increase their susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Eder
- Immunobiology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Patrick J Gorden
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - John D Lippolis
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Timothy A Reinhardt
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Randy E Sacco
- Immunobiology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States. .,Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Ames, IA, United States.
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196
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Yamada KJ, Heim CE, Xi X, Attri KS, Wang D, Zhang W, Singh PK, Bronich TK, Kielian T. Monocyte metabolic reprogramming promotes pro-inflammatory activity and Staphylococcus aureus biofilm clearance. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008354. [PMID: 32142554 PMCID: PMC7080272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-associated prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) cause significant morbidity due to their recalcitrance to immune-mediated clearance and antibiotics, with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) among the most prevalent pathogens. We previously demonstrated that S. aureus biofilm-associated monocytes are polarized to an anti-inflammatory phenotype and the adoptive transfer of pro-inflammatory macrophages attenuated biofilm burden, highlighting the critical role of monocyte/macrophage inflammatory status in dictating biofilm persistence. The inflammatory properties of leukocytes are linked to their metabolic state, and here we demonstrate that biofilm-associated monocytes exhibit a metabolic bias favoring oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) and less aerobic glycolysis to facilitate their anti-inflammatory activity and biofilm persistence. To shift monocyte metabolism in vivo and reprogram cells to a pro-inflammatory state, a nanoparticle approach was utilized to deliver the OxPhos inhibitor oligomycin to monocytes. Using a mouse model of S. aureus PJI, oligomycin nanoparticles were preferentially internalized by monocytes, which significantly reduced S. aureus biofilm burden by altering metabolism and promoting the pro-inflammatory properties of infiltrating monocytes as revealed by metabolomics and RT-qPCR, respectively. Injection of oligomycin alone had no effect on monocyte metabolism or biofilm burden, establishing that intracellular delivery of oligomycin is required to reprogram monocyte metabolic activity and that oligomycin lacks antibacterial activity against S. aureus biofilms. Remarkably, monocyte metabolic reprogramming with oligomycin nanoparticles was effective at clearing established biofilms in combination with systemic antibiotics. These findings suggest that metabolic reprogramming of biofilm-associated monocytes may represent a novel therapeutic approach for PJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey J. Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Cortney E. Heim
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Xinyuan Xi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Kuldeep S. Attri
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Dezhen Wang
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Pankaj K. Singh
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Tatiana K. Bronich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Tammy Kielian
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
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197
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Abstract
Abnormal T cell responses are central to the development of autoimmunity and organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Following stimulation, naïve T cells undergo rapid proliferation, differentiation and cytokine production. Since the initial report, approximately two decades ago, that engagement of CD28 enhances glycolysis but PD-1 and CTLA-4 decrease it, significant information has been generated which has linked metabolic reprogramming with the fate of differentiating T cell in health and autoimmunity. Herein we summarize how defects in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, glycolysis, glutaminolysis and lipid metabolism contribute to pro-inflammatory T cell responses in systemic lupus erythematosus and discuss how metabolic defects can be exploited therapeutically.
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198
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2-deoxy-d-glucose Ameliorates Animal Models of Dermatitis. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8020020. [PMID: 31991554 PMCID: PMC7167934 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is a key metabolic pathway that orchestrates cellular homeostasis by generating ATP, nucleotides, and amino acids. Abnormal glucose signaling has been found in many diseases including cancers and inflammatory diseases. According to recent report, glycolysis contributes to pathogenesis of psoriasis and ablation of Glut1 attenuates animal models of psoriasis. While we were screening a molecular target for atopic dermatitis, we found the levels of glucose transporters including Glut1 (SLC2a1) and Glut3 (SLC2a3) are highly expressed in skin biopsies of dermatitis patients from multiple datasets. We demonstrated that administration of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) ameliorates animal models of 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and oxazolone induced dermatitis using morphological and histological analysis. These results suggest that inhibition of glucose metabolism ameliorates dermatitis in animal models.
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199
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Competitive glucose metabolism as a target to boost bladder cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 17:77-106. [PMID: 31953517 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer - the tenth most frequent cancer worldwide - has a heterogeneous natural history and clinical behaviour. The predominant histological subtype, urothelial bladder carcinoma, is characterized by high recurrence rates, progression and both primary and acquired resistance to platinum-based therapy, which impose a considerable economic burden on health-care systems and have substantial effects on the quality of life and the overall outcomes of patients with bladder cancer. The incidence of urothelial tumours is increasing owing to population growth and ageing, so novel therapeutic options are vital. Based on work by The Cancer Genome Atlas project, which has identified targetable vulnerabilities in bladder cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have arisen as an effective alternative for managing advanced disease. However, although ICIs have shown durable responses in a subset of patients with bladder cancer, the overall response rate is only ~15-25%, which increases the demand for biomarkers of response and therapeutic strategies that can overcome resistance to ICIs. In ICI non-responders, cancer cells use effective mechanisms to evade immune cell antitumour activity; the overlapping Warburg effect machinery of cancer and immune cells is a putative determinant of the immunosuppressive phenotype in bladder cancer. This energetic interplay between tumour and immune cells leads to metabolic competition in the tumour ecosystem, limiting nutrient availability and leading to microenvironmental acidosis, which hinders immune cell function. Thus, molecular hallmarks of cancer cell metabolism are potential therapeutic targets, not only to eliminate malignant cells but also to boost the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this sense, integrating the targeting of tumour metabolism into immunotherapy design seems a rational approach to improve the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs.
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200
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Nouwen LV, Everts B. Pathogens MenTORing Macrophages and Dendritic Cells: Manipulation of mTOR and Cellular Metabolism to Promote Immune Escape. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010161. [PMID: 31936570 PMCID: PMC7017145 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells, represent an important first line of defense against infections. Upon recognition of pathogens, these cells undergo a metabolic reprogramming that supports their activation and ability to respond to the invading pathogens. An important metabolic regulator of these cells is mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). During infection, pathogens use host metabolic pathways to scavenge host nutrients, as well as target metabolic pathways for subversion of the host immune response that together facilitate pathogen survival. Given the pivotal role of mTOR in controlling metabolism and DC and macrophage function, pathogens have evolved strategies to target this pathway to manipulate these cells. This review seeks to discuss the most recent insights into how pathogens target DC and macrophage metabolism to subvert potential deleterious immune responses against them, by focusing on the metabolic pathways that are known to regulate and to be regulated by mTOR signaling including amino acid, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and autophagy.
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