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Attachment anxiety predicts worse mental health outcomes during COVID-19: Evidence from two studies. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 185:111256. [PMID: 34566226 PMCID: PMC8449823 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has resulted in a mental health crisis across the globe. Understanding factors that may have increased individuals' risk of poor mental health outcomes is imperative. Individual differences in attachment styles have been shown to predict poorer mental health outcomes and insecure individuals struggle to cope with stressful situations. Therefore, we extended past research by examining whether higher attachment insecurity (anxiety and avoidance) predicted worse mental health over time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study 1 examined mood and mood fluctuations daily over a week in the beginning of lockdown and depression and anxiety weekly over a five-week period (n = 200). Study 2 examined depression and anxiety before and during the pandemic (n = 100 couples). As predicted, individuals higher (vs. lower) in attachment anxiety, but not avoidance, reported greater depression and anxiety during the pandemic in both studies. Individuals lower in attachment anxiety experienced an improvement in mental health over time in Study 1 suggesting that more secure individuals may recover more quickly from the initial change in circumstances. Attachment styles did not significantly predict mood or mood fluctuations. Attachment anxiety is likely to be a risk factor for poor mental health outcomes during COVID-19.
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152
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Peel R, Caltabiano N. The relationship sabotage scale: an evaluation of factor analyses and constructive validity. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:146. [PMID: 34538259 PMCID: PMC8449894 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00644-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some individuals are no longer entering romantic relationships, others move through relationships too quickly searching for "the one" and making quick assessments of their romantic partners, while others stay in their relationships but "check out" or do not work on their issues. These are conclusions from two studies: (1) an interview with psychologists who specialise in relationship therapy, and (2) an analysis of individuals' lived experiences of relationships. The concept of relationship sabotage can explain these phenomena. However, presently, there is no instrument to conceptualise and empirically measure how people continue to employ self-defeating attitudes and behaviors in (and out) of relationships to impede success, or withdraw effort, and justify failure. METHODS AND RESULTS A series of three studies (involving a total of 1365 English speaking individuals of diverse gender orientation, sexual orientation, and cultural background, with relationship sabotage experience) were conceptualized for the current project to fill the need for scale development and to build empirical evidence on the topic of self-sabotage in romantic relationships. The scale was developed over two studies using exploratory factor analysis and one-congeneric model analyses. The third study, using confirmatory factor analysis, confirmed the final structure for the Relationship Sabotage Scale (RSS), which contains 12 items and three factors: defensiveness, trust difficulty, and lack of relationship skills. Constructive validity analyses were also conducted. CONCLUSION The RSS is a brief scale that provides conclusive information about individual patterns in relationships. Findings using this scale can offer explanations regarding the reasons that individuals engage in destructive behaviours from one relationship to the next. Investigations should continue to test a model for sabotage in romantic relationships using the developed scale and other factors such as relationship diferences and insecure attachment. More specifically, this measure can be used to understand mediator constructs of relational outcomes within the attachment framework to explain relationship dissolution and work towards relationship maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Peel
- School of Psychology and Counselling, University of Southern Queensland, Building B; Room 340A, 11 Salisbury Road, Ipswich, QLD 4305 Australia
| | - Nerina Caltabiano
- Department of Psychology, James Cook University, 1/14-88 McGregor Road, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD 4878 Australia
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Stern JA, Barbarin O, Cassidy J. Working toward anti-racist perspectives in attachment theory, research, and practice. Attach Hum Dev 2021; 24:392-422. [PMID: 34528474 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2021.1976933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent social movements have illuminated systemic inequities in U.S. society, including within the social sciences. Thus, it is essential that attachment researchers and practitioners engage in reflection and action to work toward anti-racist perspectives in the field. Our aims in this paper are (1) to share the generative conversations and debates that arose in preparing the Special Issue of Attachment & Human Development, "Attachment Perspectives on Race, Prejudice, and Anti-Racism"; and (2) to propose key considerations for working toward anti-racist perspectives in the field of attachment. We provide recommendations for enriching attachment theory (e.g. considering relations between caregivers' racial-ethnic socialization and secure base provision), research (e.g. increasing the representation of African American researchers and participants), and practice (e.g. advocating for policies that reduce systemic inequities in family supports). Finally, we suggest two relevant models integrating attachment theory with perspectives from Black youth development as guides for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Stern
- Department Of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
| | - Oscar Barbarin
- Department Of African American Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, United States.,Department Of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, United States
| | - Jude Cassidy
- Department Of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, United States
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154
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Kimball TG, Hune ND, Shumway ST, Gerber W, Bradshaw SD, Macey P. Romantic Relationships in Alcohol Use Disorder Recovery: A Qualitative Content Analysis. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2021.1977206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Kimball
- Department of Community, Family and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Nicole D. Hune
- Department of Community, Family and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Sterling T. Shumway
- Department of Community, Family and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - William Gerber
- Department of Community, Family and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Spencer D. Bradshaw
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Porter Macey
- Owner/Clinic Director of Amber Creek Counseling and Psychiatry, Sandy, Utah, USA
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155
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Dargan S, MacDonald KB, Schermer JA. Exploring Locus-of-Hope: Relational Tendencies, Self-Esteem, Attachment, and Gender. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:120. [PMID: 34562958 PMCID: PMC8465613 DOI: 10.3390/bs11090120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As little research has been devoted to examining associations between the four locus-of-hope dimensions (internal, external-peer, external-family, and external-spiritual) and individual differences, the current study explores the correlations with individual-level individualist and collectivist relational tendencies, self-esteem, insecure attachment, and gender within a culturally diverse sample of university undergraduate students. METHODS questionnaires were completed by a culturally diverse sample of undergraduate students measuring locus-of-hope, individualist and collectivist relational tendencies, self-esteem, insecure attachment, and gender. RESULTS State and trait locus-of-hope were significantly correlated. Individualism showed positive correlations with internal and external-family locus-of-hope. Collectivism positively correlated with internal locus-of-hope and the three external locus-of-hope dimensions. Internal locus-of-hope was significantly predicted by self-esteem, relational self-esteem, individualism, and collectivism. External-spiritual locus-of-hope was not significantly predicted by the variables. External-family locus-of-hope was significantly predicted by relational self-esteem and collectivism and external-peer locus-of hope was significantly predicted by relational self-esteem, collectivism, and avoidant attachment style. No significant gender differences in locus-of-hope were found. CONCLUSIONS The results provide further understanding about the construct of locus-of-hope and provide a foundation for future research to continue exploring the role of locus-of-hope in the development and expression of self-esteem and attachment profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sereena Dargan
- Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada; (S.D.); (K.B.M.)
| | - Kristi Baerg MacDonald
- Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada; (S.D.); (K.B.M.)
| | - Julie Aitken Schermer
- Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada; (S.D.); (K.B.M.)
- Departments of Management and Organizational Studies, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada
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156
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Smedley DK, Leavitt CE, Allsop DB, Nance M, James SL, Holmes EK. Mindfulness and Sexual Mindfulness as Moderators Between Conflict Resolution and Sexual and Relationship Satisfaction. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2021; 47:814-828. [PMID: 34472422 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2021.1958962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness has shown positive links with conflict resolution. Additionally, couples skilled in conflict resolution report greater sexual and relationship satisfaction. However, no research has examined the moderating effect of mindfulness, specifically sexual mindfulness, between conflict resolution and sexual and relationship satisfaction. We used 1,627 couples from wave III of the Couple Relationships and Transition Experiences (CREATE) study. Sexual mindfulness moderated the association between conflict resolution and sexual satisfaction, even after controlling for attachment. Wives higher in sexual mindful awareness may rely less on conflict resolution for their sexual satisfaction. Karremans and colleagues' (2017) model of mindfulness and romantic relationships provides a framework for testing whether, when, and how mindfulness increases positive romantic relationship processes and outcomes. Under this framework, mindfulness may provide a mechanism to help couples achieve sexual and relationship satisfaction. Mindfulness and sexual mindfulness may provide a useful mechanism for therapists, educators, social workers, and couples to enhance satisfaction within the romantic and sexual relationship even without partner buy-in.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David B Allsop
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - McKenna Nance
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Spencer L James
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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157
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MacMillan KK, Lewis AJ, Watson SJ, Bourke D, Galbally M. Maternal social support, depression and emotional availability in early mother-infant interaction: Findings from a pregnancy cohort. J Affect Disord 2021; 292:757-765. [PMID: 34167025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social support theory suggests that parental social support may influence the nature of early parenting behaviours and specifically the mother-infant relationship. This study examines whether support from a partner, friends or family is associated with differences in quality of mother-infant interactions in the context of maternal depression. METHODS 210 women were followed from early pregnancy to six months postpartum within Australian pregnancy cohort, the Mercy Pregnancy and Emotional Wellbeing Study (MPEWS). Mother-infant interactions within a standardised observation at six months postpartum were measured by the Emotional Availability (EA) Scales using total scores of the parental scales. In early and late pregnancy and at six months postpartum, mothers rated perceived maternal social support from a partner, family and friends using subscales of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Depression was measured in early pregnancy and at six months postpartum using the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV-TR, with repeated measurement of depressive symptoms by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Data was analysed using structural equation models. RESULTS There were significant interactions between depressive symptoms in early pregnancy and perceived maternal support from a partner (B = .18, 95% CI = 03, .31) and separately from family (B = .12, 95% CI = .03, .32) in predicting maternal emotional availability. No such interaction was found for support from friends. While partner and family support moderated the association between early depressive symptoms and emotional availability, there were no direct associations between maternal depressive disorder in early pregnancy and perceived support, and further, maternal depression was not a significant predictor of emotional availability. LIMITATIONS Future studies should consider extending measurement of the mother-infant relationship beyond the EA Scales, inclusion of a measure of maternal childhood trauma, and replicating our findings. CONCLUSION Maternal perception of partner and family support in the postpartum is a predictor of the association between early pregnancy depressive symptoms and maternal emotional availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli K MacMillan
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Australia; Psychology, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia; Women's Health, Genetics and Mental Health Directorate, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Subiaco, Australia
| | | | - Stuart J Watson
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Australia; Psychology, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Megan Galbally
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Australia; Psychology, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia; Women's Health, Genetics and Mental Health Directorate, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Subiaco, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medicine Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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158
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Rain M, Mar RA. Adult attachment and engagement with fictional characters. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2021; 38:2792-2813. [PMID: 34504387 PMCID: PMC8419286 DOI: 10.1177/02654075211018513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Adult attachment influences how people engage with stories, in terms of how immersed or transported they become into these narratives and the tendency to form close bonds with characters. This likely stems from the ability of stories and story characters to provide interpersonal intimacy without the threat of rejection. In Study 1, we expand on this work to examine how attachment relates to two previously uninvestigated aspects of character engagement: character identification and parasocial interactions. Taking a statistically conservative approach, controlling for broader traits, we demonstrate that the attachment dimensions of anxiety and avoidance differentially predict these forms of character engagement. A high-powered, pre-registered, Study 2 follows up on these results by examining the types of characters that are most appealing, based on one's attachment orientation. Together, these studies demonstrate that attachment plays an essential role in both how we engage with characters and the types of characters to whom we are attracted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raymond A. Mar
- Raymond A. Mar, Department of Psychology, York University, 239 Behavioural Sciences Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3.
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159
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von Mohr M, Kirsch LP, Fotopoulou A. Social touch deprivation during COVID-19: effects on psychological wellbeing and craving interpersonal touch. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210287. [PMID: 34527270 PMCID: PMC8424338 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Social touch has positive effects on social affiliation and stress alleviation. However, its ubiquitous presence in human life does not allow the study of social touch deprivation 'in the wild'. Nevertheless, COVID-19-related restrictions such as social distancing allowed the systematic study of the degree to which social distancing affects tactile experiences and mental health. In this study, 1746 participants completed an online survey to examine intimate, friendly and professional touch experiences during COVID-19-related restrictions, their impact on mental health and the extent to which touch deprivation results in craving touch. We found that intimate touch deprivation during COVID-19-related restrictions is associated with higher anxiety and greater loneliness even though this type of touch is still the most experienced during the pandemic. Moreover, intimate touch is reported as the type of touch most craved during this period, thus being more prominent as the days practising social distancing increase. However, our results also show that the degree to which individuals crave touch during this period depends on individual differences in attachment style: the more anxiously attached, the more touch is craved; with the reverse pattern for avoidantly attached. These findings point to the important role of interpersonal and particularly intimate touch in times of distress and uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana von Mohr
- Lab of Action and Body, Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, UK
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana, México, Mexico
| | - Louise P. Kirsch
- Institute for Intelligent Systems and Robotics (ISIR), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, INCC UMR 8002, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Aikaterini Fotopoulou
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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160
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Irons C, Heriot-Maitland C. Compassionate Mind Training: An 8-week group for the general public. Psychol Psychother 2021; 94:443-463. [PMID: 33222375 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is an increasing interest in how compassion training, and in particular, the cultivation of self-compassion may be an important component in the reduction of distress and promotion of well-being. Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) has shown promising results in this area, with positive outcome studies in a wide range of mental health problems. However, following the successful development of short mindfulness-based programmes (e.g., Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction and Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy) and compassion/self-compassion programmes (e.g., Mindful Self-Compassion) that can be accessed by the general public, we were keen to develop and research an 8-week Compassionate Mind Training (CMT) course, based on the CFT model. DESIGN Within-subjects pre-to-post-group comparison. METHODS Following an 8-week CMT groups, participants in the general population (n = 55) completed pre- and post-measures (with 22 of these also providing 3-month follow-up data) on self-compassion, compassion for others, compassion from others, attachment, self-criticism, positive emotion, well-being, and distress. RESULTS Significant increases in compassion, self-reassurance, social rank, positive emotions, and well-being were found, alongside reductions in self-criticism, attachment anxiety, and distress. Changes were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Change scores indicated the importance of increases in self-compassion and reductions in self-criticism in overall improvements in well-being and psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS Findings offer preliminary support for the usefulness of group CMT in community samples. PRACTITIONER POINTS Compassionate Mind Training (CMT) groups appear to be applicable and beneficial in community samples. CMT psychoeducation and practices appear to bring positive changes to a variety of psychological processes, including attachment, self-criticism, self-compassion, well-being, and distress. Further studies are required to investigate whether the mechanisms through which CMT is beneficial.
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161
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Providing support is easier done than said: Support providers' perceptions of touch and verbal support provision requests. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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162
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Coppola J, Gangamma R, Kawar C, Patton R, Ramadoss K. Adult Romantic Attachment and Relational Ethics: A Dyadic Analysis of Couples in Therapy. CONTEMPORARY FAMILY THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10591-021-09574-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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163
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Younginer ST, Elledge LC. Mentor personality and attachment as correlates of youth mentoring relationship quality within a school-based mentoring intervention: The moderating role of negative interactions. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:2569-2589. [PMID: 34240743 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Mentor relationship quality is considered a mechanism linking youth mentoring to positive developmental outcomes. It is important to understand the factors that promote high-quality youth mentoring relationships. The current investigation examined whether certain mentor characteristics were associated with youth mentoring relationship quality. METHOD Children (n = 55) were participating in an efficacy trial of a lunchtime mentoring program for aggressive children. Children received two different mentors over the course of an academic year, resulting in 104 unique mentoring dyads. Analyses examined the unique and interactive influence of mentor personality, attachment style, and negative interactions within the mentoring relationship on mentoring relationship quality. RESULTS For both child- and mentor-reported relationship quality, negative interactions moderated the association between some dimensions of mentor personality and relationship quality. CONCLUSION Understanding the influence of mentor personality and attachment tendencies on mentoring relationships requires an appreciation for the context of the mentoring relationship and broader goals of the mentoring intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Taylor Younginer
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - L Christian Elledge
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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164
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Interpersonal Patterns in Social Anxiety Disorder: Predictors and Outcomes of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-020-10192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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165
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Boustead R, Flack M. Moderated-mediation analysis of problematic social networking use: The role of anxious attachment orientation, fear of missing out and satisfaction with life. Addict Behav 2021; 119:106938. [PMID: 33845255 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anxious attachment orientation has a well document relationship with problematic social networking use. Additionally, the fear of missing out and satisfaction with life have emerged as robust predictors of problematic social networking use. However, it remains unclear how these determinants may converge to promote problematic social networking use. Thus, the current study examined how anxious attachment, fear of missing out, and satisfaction with life concurrently influence problematic social networking use. One hundred and eighty-eight participants were recruited from online dissertation swap sites to complete an online questionnaire. The mean age of the sample was 31.95 (SD = 11.54) and 67% were female. As expected, anxious attachment was positively related to problematic social networking use. Further analysis indicated the relationship between anxious attachment and problematic social networking use was mediated by fear of missing out, and this relationship was moderated by satisfaction with life. These findings indicate that engendering greater levels of life satisfaction in those who engage in problematic social networking could present a viable prevention or treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roz Boustead
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia; College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia
| | - Mal Flack
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia; College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia
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166
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Gritti ES, Bornstein RF, Costantini G, Harris ET, Barbot B. Italian Version of the Relationship Profile Test (RPT-I): Temporal Stability, Construct Validity, and Cross-Cultural Comparison. J Pers Assess 2021; 104:335-346. [PMID: 34282977 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2021.1947309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the adaptation to the Italian context of the Relationship Profile Test (RPT; Bornstein & Languirand), a self-report measure of Destructive Overdependence (DO), Dysfunctional Detachment (DD), and Healthy Dependency (HD). The RPT was administered to a community sample of 661 nonclinical Italian adults together with the Attachment Style Questionnaire, the Relational-Interdependent Self-Construal Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Self-Compassion Scale, the Positive Affect-Negative Affect Scale, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. A randomly selected subset of participants (n = 67) completed the RPT again approximately 5 months after the first administration. The factor structure of the RPT obtained in the main sample was compared with that obtained in a sample of 603 adult participants from the US and was found to be similar. Internal consistency for DO, DD, and HD scores in the Italian sample fell between the acceptable to good range, and test-retest reliability coefficients were all above .70. The three scales yielded the expected pattern of correlations with theoretically related constructs, documenting good criterion validity. Findings are discussed in light of the literature on the RPT as a measure of interpersonal dependency and detachment. Suggestions for future research are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giulio Costantini
- Psychology Department, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Baptiste Barbot
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Universite catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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167
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Kealy D, Rice SM, Chartier GB, Cox DW. Investigating Attachment Insecurity and Somatosensory Amplification, and the Mediating Role of Interpersonal Problems. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: Somatosensory amplification involves perceptual sensitivity to and cognitive-affective interpretation of bodily sensations and external stimuli, contributing to heightened experiences of somatic symptoms. However, little is known about somatosensory amplification in relation to vulnerabilities such as attachment insecurity. Aims: The present study investigated the link between attachment insecurity and somatosensory amplification, including the mediating role of dysfunctional interpersonal behaviors. Method: A sample of 245 adult community members completed the Somatosensory Amplification Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and abbreviated versions of the Experiences in Close Relationships scale and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems. Correlational and regression analyses were used to examine relations among study variables, including a hypothesized parallel mediation model. Results: Somatosensory amplification was significantly associated with attachment anxiety, but not attachment avoidance. Regression analyses, controlling for general anxiety symptoms and gender, found that interpersonal sensitivity (but not aggression or ambivalence) mediated the link between attachment anxiety and somatosensory amplification. Limitations: Study limitations include the use of cross-sectional data and a non-clinical sample. Conclusion: The findings indicate that somatosensory amplification may be related to individuals’ attachment anxiety, through the mediating effect of interpersonal sensitivity problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kealy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Simon M. Rice
- Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Daniel W. Cox
- Counselling Psychology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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168
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Dickerson DL, D'Amico EJ, Klein DJ, Johnson CL, Hale B, Ye F, Dominguez BX. Drum-Assisted Recovery Therapy for Native Americans (DARTNA): Results from a feasibility randomized controlled trial. J Subst Abuse Treat 2021; 126:108439. [PMID: 33966952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) is a significant health issue in the United States. However, few evidence-based substance use interventions that utilize AI/AN traditional practices, such as drumming, exist. The current study is a feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT) analyzing the potential benefits of DARTNA (Drum-Assisted Recovery Therapy for Native Americans) among 63 AI/AN adults seeking substance use treatment within an urban area in southern California. We compared DARTNA participants to usual care plus, which involved an integrated multimedia health educational program and usual care from providers for AOD use. At end of treatment, DARTNA participants reported significantly lower cognitive impairment and lower counts of physical ailments. Given that this was a feasibility trial, we also used Cohen's d = 0.20 or odds ratio = 2 or 0.5 to determine clinical significance. At end of treatment, we found promising benefits for DARTNA participants related to better physical health, fewer drinks per day, and lower odds of marijuana use in the past 30 days compared to the control group. Using these criteria, at 3-month follow-up, DARTNA participants reported less adoption of 12-step principles, less cognitive impairment, and lower anxiety with relationships. However, DARTNA participants reported more drinks per day and more cigarettes compared to the control group. Overall, this study demonstrates feasibility of conducting an RCT with AI/AN people in urban settings and highlights how a substance use treatment intervention utilizing drumming may help to meet the diverse needs of AI/AN people seeking substance use treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Dickerson
- Integrated Substance Abuse Programs (ISAP), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd., Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA.
| | | | - David J Klein
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90401, USA
| | - Carrie L Johnson
- Sacred Path Indigenous Wellness Center, 981 West Arrow Highway, #412, San Dimas, CA 91773, USA
| | - Benjamin Hale
- Sacred Path Indigenous Wellness Center, 981 West Arrow Highway, #412, San Dimas, CA 91773, USA
| | - Feifei Ye
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Blanca X Dominguez
- Integrated Substance Abuse Programs (ISAP), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd., Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA
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169
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Dickerson DL, D'Amico EJ, Klein DJ, Johnson CL, Hale B, Ye F. Mental Health, Physical Health, and Cultural Characteristics Among American Indians/Alaska Natives Seeking Substance Use Treatment in an Urban Setting: A Descriptive Study. Community Ment Health J 2021; 57:937-947. [PMID: 32720004 PMCID: PMC7855095 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although approximately 70% of American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) reside in urban areas, our knowledge of risk and protective factors among AI/ANs seeking substance use treatment within urban areas is limited. We analyze substance and commercialized cigarette use, AI/AN cultural identity and involvement, physical health and cognitive functioning, and mental health symptoms among 63 AI/AN adults seeking substance use treatment within an urban area in California. Alcohol (37%), marijuana (27%), and methamphetamine (22%) were the most commonly reported substances. Sixty-two percent used commercialized tobacco use. The majority of AI/AN adults (78%) engaged in at least one traditional practice during the past month and endorsed high levels of spiritual connectedness. Those who engaged in traditional practices demonstrated significantly less depression (p = 0.007) and anxiety (p = 0.04). Medical and mental health issues were not prominent, although participants revealed high levels of cognitive impairment. Results highlight the importance of utilizing AI/AN traditional practices for AI/AN adults seeking substance use treatment within urban areas. Clinical Trials Registry Number NCT01356667.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Dickerson
- Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd., Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA.
| | | | - David J Klein
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA
| | - Carrie L Johnson
- Sacred Path Indigenous Wellness Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Benjamin Hale
- Sacred Path Indigenous Wellness Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Feifei Ye
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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170
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Vowels LM, Vowels MJ, Mark KP. Uncovering the Most Important Factors for Predicting Sexual Desire Using Explainable Machine Learning. J Sex Med 2021; 18:1198-1216. [PMID: 37057427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low sexual desire is the most common sexual problem reported with 34% of women and 15% of men reporting lack of desire for at least 3 months in a 12-month period. Sexual desire has previously been associated with both relationship and individual well-being highlighting the importance of understanding factors that contribute to sexual desire as improving sexual desire difficulties can help improve an individual's overall quality of life. AIM The purpose of the present study was to identify the most salient individual (eg, attachment style, attitudes toward sexuality, gender) and relational (eg, relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, romantic love) predictors of dyadic and solitary sexual desire from a large number of predictor variables. METHODS Previous research has relied primarily on traditional statistical models which are limited in their ability to estimate a large number of predictors, non-linear associations, and complex interactions. We used a machine learning algorithm, random forest (a type of highly non-linear decision tree), to circumvent these issues to predict dyadic and solitary sexual desire from a large number of predictors across 2 online samples (N = 1,846; includes 754 individuals forming 377 couples). We also used a Shapley value technique to estimate the size and direction of the effect of each predictor variable on the model outcome. OUTCOMES The outcomes included total, dyadic, and solitary sexual desire measured using the Sexual Desire Inventory. RESULTS The models predicted around 40% of variance in dyadic and solitary desire with women's desire being more predictable than men's overall. Several variables consistently predicted dyadic sexual desire such as sexual satisfaction and romantic love, and solitary desire such as masturbation and attitudes toward sexuality. These predictors were similar for both men and women and gender was not an important predictor of sexual desire. CLINICAL TRANSLATION The results highlight the importance of addressing overall relationship satisfaction when sexual desire difficulties are presented in couples therapy. It is also important to understand clients' attitudes toward sexuality. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS The study improves on existing methodologies in the field and compares a large number of predictors of sexual desire. However, the data were cross-sectional and there may have been variables that are important for desire but were not present in the datasets. CONCLUSION Higher sexual satisfaction and feelings of romantic love toward one's partner are important predictors of dyadic sexual desire whereas regular masturbation and more permissive attitudes toward sexuality predicted solitary sexual desire. Vowels LM, Vowels MJ, Mark KP. Uncovering the Most Important Factors for Predicting Sexual Desire Using Explainable Machine Learning. J Sex Med 2021;18:1198-1216.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Vowels
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Blueheart Technologies Ltd, London, UK.
| | - Matthew J Vowels
- Centre for Computer Vision, Speech and Signal Processing (CVSSP), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Kristen P Mark
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Gewirtz-Meydan A, Mitchell KJ, Spivak-Lavi Z. Attachment and Sexual Functioning: Understanding the Mediating Role of Body Image Among LGB and Non-LGB Women. J Sex Med 2021; 18:1245-1257. [PMID: 37057421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite studies showing that individuals with insecure attachment suffer from poor body image, and that poor body image is a main risk factor for sexual dysfunction, the mediating role of body image between attachment insecurities and sexual functioning has not been assessed. Moreover, differences in body self-consciousness among sexual minority women have not been examined, even though LGB individuals have been found to be more conscious of stigma and the disapproval of others. AIM To fill this gap, the current study examines the mediating role of body image self-consciousness between insecure attachment and sexual functioning among LGB and non-LGB women. METHODS The study sample consisted of 1,001 women; of them, 808 defined themselves as heterosexual (80.7%), and 193 (19.3%) identified as LGB. The sample was a convenience sample of women who responded to ads on social media. Participants completed an online questionnaire (via Qualtrics) about their attachment orientation, body-image self-consciousness, and sexual functioning. MAIN OUTCOME Body image self-consciousness mediated the relationship between insecure attachment and sexual dysfunction among women in general and LGB women in particular. RESULTS Results indicated that among LGB women, the relationship between attachment and sexual functioning was fully mediated by body image self-consciousness. For non-LGB women, a full model with statistically significant direct and indirect effects was revealed. Both avoidant attachment and anxious attachment were related to body image self-consciousness which was, in turn, related to sexual functioning. A statistically significant direct path from avoidant attachment to sexual functioning was also revealed. CONCLUSION The study findings contribute to the literature by revealing the mediating role that body image self-consciousness plays between insecure attachment and sexual dysfunction among women in general and LGB women in particular. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS This study provides support for the negative relationship between body image self-consciousness and sexual functioning of women regardless of sexual orientation, and suggests that women affected by body image concerns might be prone to more sexual dysfunction. Therefore, body image self-consciousness should be brought up in sex therapy sessions and future interventions. Clinicians should also be cognizant of differences between LGB and non-LGB women in terms of this effect, taking into account the history of stigma that LGB women may have endured and how this history affects their body image. Gewirtz-Meydan A, Mitchell KJ, Spivak-Lavi Z. Attachment and Sexual Functioning: Understanding the Mediating Role of Body Image Among LGB and Non-LGB Women. J Sex Med 2021;18:1245-1257.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel. Agewirtz-@univ.haifa.ac.il
| | - Kimberly J Mitchell
- Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, NH, USA
| | - Zohar Spivak-Lavi
- Faculty of Social Work & Faculty of Education, Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Emek Yezreel, Israel
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172
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Validation of the ISP131001 Sensor for Mobile Peripheral Body Temperature Measurement. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.5334/irsp.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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173
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Kings C, Moulding R, Yap K, Gazzola R, Knight T. Measuring Possessions as Extensions of Self and Links to Significant Others in Hoarding: the Possessions as Others and Self Inventory. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-020-09858-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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174
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Fang CJ, Tong N, Villa RJ, Flores AM, Lim E, Tu A. Adult attachment, stress-coping, and resilience in first-generation immigrants in the United States. Br J Occup Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/03080226211022962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies have shown correlations between adult attachment, stress-coping, and resilience, but little is known about how attachment and stress-coping affect resilience, particularly among first-generation immigrants. This study explored relationships among adult attachment, stress-coping, and resilience for first-generation immigrants. Method A quantitative cross-sectional design was used to assess associations between adult attachment and stress-coping with resilience among first-generation immigrants. Thirty-five participants answered an online Qualtrics survey. A simple linear regression analysis was conducted to analyze the results. Results The results indicated statistically significant correlations between avoidance scores and annual household income but not between resilience and education, resilience and income, and stress-coping scores and education and income. Positive reinterpretation growth was positively correlated with resilience, while denial and behavioral disengagement were negatively correlated. Adult attachment and number of years in the United States were not significantly statistically related to resilience. Conclusion The findings indicate high income may be associated with attachment avoidance, and increases in positive coping strategies and decreases in negative coping strategies are associated with resilience among first-generation immigrants. Understanding influences on first-generation immigrants to engage in stress-coping skills may inform the development and implementation of occupational therapy, including programs and interventions for successful client-centered outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Ju Fang
- Department of Occupational Therapy, San José State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Nenette Tong
- Department of Occupational Therapy, San José State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Rosely J Villa
- Department of Occupational Therapy, San José State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Ana M Flores
- Department of Occupational Therapy, San José State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Elaine Lim
- Department of Occupational Therapy, San José State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Alexandria Tu
- Department of Occupational Therapy, San José State University, San Jose, CA, USA
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175
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A cluster analysis of dynamics in adolescent romantic relationships. J Adolesc 2021; 89:203-212. [PMID: 34022449 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While several studies involving adolescents have addressed issues related to romantic relationships and dating violence, there is a limited understanding of adolescent romantic relationship dynamics. Typological analyses have been useful to provide targeted interventions and to simplify our understanding of complex phenomena. METHODS This study explored dynamics in adolescent romantic relationships, considering the interaction between romantic partner characteristics to identify dyadic profiles. A sample of 90 heterosexual dyads of Canadian adolescents (Mage = 18.44 years, SD = 1.47) completed a self-reported questionnaire. A hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted based on the dimensions of the Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems (i.e., cohesion, flexibility, and communication; Olson & Gorall, 2003). RESULTS Analysis revealed four profiles of romantic relationship dynamics: 1) balanced dynamic (51.0% of the sample); 2) hampered dynamic (8.3%); 3) entangled dynamic (20.8%); and 4) rigid dynamic (13.5%). Taking into account the variations between and within dyads, results highlight the diversity of romantic experiences and offer a better understanding of the intricacies of different adolescent romantic relationship dynamics. Correlates indicated that the profiles can be distinguished by different personal and interpersonal characteristics. CONCLUSION This study emphasizes the importance of integrating a more person- and dyad-oriented framework in our understanding of adolescent romantic dynamics, since a unique approach to prevention and intervention may not address the needs of all adolescents. The results provided important insight into the identified profiles, guiding dating violence prevention efforts and programs and promoting harmonious and egalitarian romantic relationships.
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176
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Joel S, Stanton SCE, Page‐Gould E, MacDonald G. One foot out the door: Stay/leave ambivalence predicts day‐to‐day fluctuations in commitment and intentions to end the relationship. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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177
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Olssøn I, Dahl AA. Long-term changes in attachment patterns after psychotherapy in outpatients with Axis I and personality disorders vs. Axis I disorders only. Personal Ment Health 2021; 15:136-146. [PMID: 33300299 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult attachment can be self-reported by rating anxiety of deception and avoidance of emotional closeness. There are few studies of changes in adult attachment patterns after psychotherapy. AIM This study investigated how attachment anxiety and avoidance mean scores changed from pre-treatment to follow-up in patients with Axis I disorders only vs. patients with Axis I and comorbid personality disorders (comorbid group) after outpatients psychotherapy. METHOD Of 156 patients with pre-treatment evaluation, 64 (41%) participated in follow-up 6 years later. Axis I and personality disorder interviews were performed at pre-treatment and follow-up, and the participants self-reported attachment patterns at both time points. RESULTS At both pre-treatment and follow-up, the Axis I group had significantly lower attachment avoidance scores than the comorbid group, while no significant between-group differences were observed for attachment anxiety. After adjustment, neither the Axis I nor the comorbid group showed any significant reductions in attachment anxiety or avoidance over time. The pre-treatment attachment scores were the only significant predictors of the follow-up scores. CONCLUSION Neither attachment anxiety nor avoidance were amenable to change over time. These findings may be associated with the psychotherapy given. Pre-treatment attachment scores were the only significant predictors of these scores at follow-up. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Olssøn
- Department of Psychiatry, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Hamar, N-2318, Norway
| | - Alv A Dahl
- National Advisory Unit on Late Effects after Cancer Treatment, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, N-0310, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, N-0318, Norway
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178
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Moors AC, Schechinger HA, Balzarini R, Flicker S. Internalized Consensual Non-Monogamy Negativity and Relationship Quality Among People Engaged in Polyamory, Swinging, and Open Relationships. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:1401-1417. [PMID: 34100145 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01875-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Drawing on an internalized homonegativity and minority stress framework, the present study sought to address whether people engaged in consensual non-monogamy (CNM) internalize stigma toward their relationship style, and if internalized CNM negativity is associated with poorer relationship quality and functioning. We recruited a community sample of 339 people engaged in CNM (open, swinging, or polyamorous relationship) with at least two concurrent partners. Participants completed a newly developed measure of internalized CNM negativity (which assessed personal discomfort, social discomfort, and public identification) and four measures of relationship quality for each partner. Regression analyses showed that personal discomfort with CNM (e.g., wanting to change one's relationship style or endorsing CNM as unnatural) was associated with lower satisfaction with romantic and sexual relationship agreements, global relationship satisfaction, and commitment (but not sexual satisfaction) in both concurrent relationships. The other two dimensions of internalized CNM negativity, social discomfort and public identification, were not related to relationship quality with either partner. These findings provide support for the notion that prevailing mononormativity (idealization of monogamy in society) can become applied to the self and negatively impact relationship quality. Understanding the processes in which broader societal stigma toward CNM can become internalized and affect well-being provides a new direction for research at the intersection of public health, psychology, and sexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Moors
- Department of Psychology, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Science, Chapman University, Orange, CA, 92866, USA.
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | | | - Rhonda Balzarini
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, Canada
| | - Sharon Flicker
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA
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179
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Lathren CR, Rao SS, Park J, Bluth K. Self-Compassion and Current Close Interpersonal Relationships: A Scoping Literature Review. Mindfulness (N Y) 2021; 12:1078-1093. [PMID: 35309268 PMCID: PMC8932676 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-020-01566-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives In order to provide a broad overview of the body of peer-reviewed literature on self-compassion and close relationships, this scoping review describes how self-compassion relates to thoughts, feelings and behaviors within the context of current personal relationships between family members, romantic partners, friends, or others referred to as "close". Methods Two reviewers independently screened peer-reviewed articles retrieved based on a defined search strategy within three online databases, extracted data from 72 articles that met inclusion criteria by consensus, and summarized findings thematically. Results: With few exceptions, self-compassion is positively associated with secure attachment, adaptive parenting behaviors, healthy family, romantic and friendship functioning, and constructive conflict and transgression repair behavior. In families, evidence suggests parent self-compassion is linked to supportive parenting behavior, which is in turn linked to higher levels of child self-compassion. Conclusions Self-compassion is associated with a wide variety of close interpersonal relationship benefits. These associations may be complex and bidirectional, such that positive social relationships promote self-compassion, while self-compassion promotes relational and emotional well-being. For a deeper understanding of these nuances and to establish causality, future research should include heterogeneous samples, longitudinal designs, observational and multi-informant methodologies, and consider attachment style and personality trait covariates. The potential implications for interventional research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine R Lathren
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Sanjana S Rao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Karen Bluth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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180
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Introducing two types of psychological resilience with partly unique genetic and environmental sources. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8624. [PMID: 33883571 PMCID: PMC8060303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological resilience is indicated when individuals demonstrate good mental health despite exposure to significant stress or adversity. Good mental health may involve low levels of illbeing and/or high levels of wellbeing. There is still very limited knowledge about the potential differences between these outcomes in relation to stressors. We propose a distinction between type 1 and type 2 resilience, examine their underlying genetic and environmental architecture, and identify modifiable resilience factors. The data come from a population-based twin sample (N = 1987, mean age = 63) in the Norwegian Twin Registry. Type 1 and type 2 resilience are operationalised as the residual of anxiety/depression symptoms and life satisfaction, respectively, after lifetime cumulative adversity has been regressed out. We used biometric modelling and cotwin-control linear mixed models to estimate underlying factors and identify predictors while controlling for genetic confounding. The results support the notion of two separate, but partly overlapping types of resilience. We find heritabilities of 0.30 (type 1) and 0.24 (type 2) and a genetic correlation of 0.43. Potentially causal resilience factors include, but are not limited to, meaning in life, physical activity, positive affect and relationship satisfaction. Whereas some factors are associated with both resilience types, other factors are unique to each type.
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181
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Wiebe SA, Balfour L, Cameron WD, Sandre D, Holly C, Tasca GA, MacPherson PA. Psychological changes in successful completers of an HIV-tailored smoking cessation program: mood, attachment and self-efficacy. AIDS Care 2021; 34:689-697. [PMID: 33880980 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2021.1909697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
High rates of cigarette smoking is the leading contributor to the increasing risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among people living with HIV (PLH). Relapse rates among PLH who quit smoking are high among those receiving standard care, which may be due to several unique social and psychological challenges PLH face when they attempt to quit smoking. The purpose of the current study was to examine change in relevant psychological factors in a subgroup of participants (n = 14) who remained smoke-free at 6-months follow-up in an HIV-tailored smoking cessation counselling program (N = 50). We examined self-reported depressive symptoms, attachment style and self-efficacy across 5 time points (baseline, quite date, 4, 12 and 24 weeks). At study baseline, mean depression scores fell above the clinical cut off of 16 (M = 16.31; SD = 13.53) on the Centre for Epidemiological Studies - Depression (CES-D) scale and fell below the clinical cut off at 24 weeks post quit date (M = 13.36; SD = 10.62). Results of multi-level modeling indicated a significant linear reduction in depressive symptoms and a significant linear improvement in self-efficacy to refrain from smoking across study visits. These results suggest that positive change in mood and self-efficacy may be helpful for PLH who remain smoke-free during a quit attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Wiebe
- Department of Psychology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Louise Balfour
- Department of Psychology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - William D Cameron
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daniella Sandre
- Department of Psychology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Crystal Holly
- Department of Psychology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Paul A MacPherson
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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182
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Imran S, MacBeth A, Quayle E, Chan SWY. Secondary attachment and mental health in Pakistani and Scottish adolescents: A moderated mediation model. Psychol Psychother 2021; 94 Suppl 2:339-358. [PMID: 32347655 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research into adolescent mental health has tended to focus on primary attachment relationships. However, the effect of secondary attachment relationships and the role of culture remain under-explored. This study examined the associations between primary attachment, secondary attachment, and coping strategies (task-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidant coping) with psychological well-being and psychological distress in adolescents across two cultural settings. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHOD An identical test battery was used across two geographic sites in Pakistan (N = 510; 12-18 years; 51.5% male; mean age = 14.50) and Scotland (N = 610; 12-18 years; 53.6% male; mean age = 13.97). Associations were tested separately in each sample using moderated mediation modelling for the outcome variables: psychological well-being and psychological distress. RESULTS For psychological well-being, all three coping strategies were significant partial mediators and secondary attachment was a significant moderator in both samples. Secondary attachment moderated the association between emotion-focused coping and psychological well-being in the Pakistani sample only. For psychological distress, task-focused coping was a significant full mediator in the Pakistani sample only. In contrast, for the Scottish sample, task-focused coping and emotion-focused coping were significant partial mediators. Secondary attachment's direct effect on psychological distress was significant in both samples. Secondary attachment also moderated the association between emotion-focused coping and psychological distress in the Pakistani sample only. CONCLUSIONS The cross-cultural evidence suggests that alongside primary attachment, it is important to target secondary attachment through coping strategies, in order to enhance psychological well-being and lessen psychological distress in adolescents. PRACTITIONER POINTS Secondary attachment plays a different role from primary attachment in adolescents. Therefore, it is important to target both primary attachment and secondary attachment security to enhance psychological well-being and lessen psychological distress. Cross-cultural differences in coping suggest that differential strategies to target different coping dimensions may enhance adolescent well-being across cultures. These cross-cultural differences highlight the ethical importance of cultural sensitivity among clinicians working with adolescents globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somia Imran
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Angus MacBeth
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ethel Quayle
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stella W Y Chan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, UK
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183
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Unraveling the effect of mindfulness on romantic relational aggression: A multiple mediation model. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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184
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185
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Smith KV, Ehlers A. Prolonged grief and posttraumatic stress disorder following the loss of a significant other: An investigation of cognitive and behavioural differences. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248852. [PMID: 33793567 PMCID: PMC8016232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive behavioural correlates to bereavement-related mental health problems such a Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are of theoretical and clinical importance. METHODS Individuals bereaved at least six months (N = 647) completed measures of loss-related cognitions and behaviours (i.e., loss-related memory characteristics, negative appraisals, coping strategies, grief resilience, and perceived social disconnection) and measures of PGD and PTSD symptoms. Individuals were assigned to one of four groups depending on probable clinical diagnoses (No-PGD/PTSD, PTSD, PGD, PGD+PTSD). RESULTS Results indicated that higher loss-related memory characteristics and lower grief resilience increased the likelihood of a clinical problem. The PGD and PGD+PTSD groups reported significantly higher loss-related memory characteristics and appraisals compared to the PTSD group. Social disconnection increased the likelihood of comorbid PGD+PTSD in comparison to any other group. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate cognitive differences between loss-related cognitions, memory characteristics and coping strategies between PGD and PTSD, and points to distinct cognitive correlates to psychopathology following loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten V. Smith
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Loss Foundation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anke Ehlers
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
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186
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Clark GI, Rock AJ, Clark LH, Murray‐lyon K. Adult attachment, worry and reassurance seeking: Investigating the role of intolerance of uncertainty. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/cp.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin I. Clark
- School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK,
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia,
| | - Adam J. Rock
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia,
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187
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Rodriguez LM, Coy A, Hadden BW. The Attachment Dynamic: Dyadic Patterns of Anxiety and Avoidance in Relationship Functioning. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2021; 38:971-994. [PMID: 34366536 PMCID: PMC8336265 DOI: 10.1177/0265407520975858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Whereas attachment dimensions (i.e., anxiety and avoidance) are generally associated with lower levels of relationship evaluations (e.g., satisfaction, commitment), research has not yet fully incorporated how partner attachment is related to these evaluations, nor how dyadic patterns (actor × partner attachment interactions) are associated with evaluations. Across two dyadic studies (N = 185, 123 dyads), we examine how actor, partner, and actor × partner interactions of attachment anxiety and avoidance are associated with reports of trust, satisfaction, and commitment. Results generally revealed that actor effects of attachment anxiety on lower relationship evaluations were weaker when partners were more anxious and stronger when partners were more avoidant. Moreover, actor effects of attachment avoidance on lower trust and satisfaction were stronger when partners were more anxious. Finally, own avoidance was more strongly negatively related to commitment in the presence of a more avoidant partner. These results suggest that the combination of attachment within relationships is important to consider for both close relationships researchers and clinicians.
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188
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Robinson MD, Persich MR, Towers CM, Sjoblom-Schmidt S, Penzel IB. Implicit security: A social cognitive model and assessment of attachment security in romantic relationships. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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189
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Jones JD, Stern JA, Fitter MH, Mikulincer M, Shaver PR, Cassidy J. Attachment and attitudes toward children: effects of security priming in parents and non-parents. Attach Hum Dev 2021; 24:147-168. [PMID: 33559538 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2021.1881983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present two-study investigation is the first to examine whether experimentally boosting attachment security (security priming) affects attitudes in the parenting domain for both parents and non-parents. Mothers (n = 72) and childless undergraduates (n = 82) were randomly assigned to a neutral or a secure prime condition and then completed measures of implicit attitudes (a child-focused version of the Go/No-Go Association Task) and explicit attitudes (self-reported) toward children. Following the priming manipulation, mothers in the secure prime condition had more positive implicit attitudes toward their child compared to mothers in the neutral prime condition. Security priming also increased mothers' positive explicit attitudes toward their children, but only among mothers who scored high on self-reported attachment-related avoidance. No priming effects emerged among non-parents. These results provide the first evidence for a causal link between parental attachment security and parental attitudes toward children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Jones
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica A Stern
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Megan H Fitter
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Mario Mikulincer
- School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzlyia, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Phillip R Shaver
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jude Cassidy
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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190
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D'Amico EJ, Davis JP, Tucker JS, Seelam R, Stein BD. Opioid misuse during late adolescence and its effects on risk behaviors, social functioning, health, and emerging adult roles. Addict Behav 2021; 113:106696. [PMID: 33264695 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Opioid misuse has emerged in recent years as a major public health concern in the United States, particularly for adolescents and emerging young adults. We examined the association of opioid misuse from ages 18 to 20 with four domains at age 21-22: risk behaviors and consequences; health; social functioning; and emerging adult roles. Participants were surveyed annually from 2008 through 2019. The sample includes N = 2880 youth from waves 8-11. The sample was approximately 18 years old at wave 8; 54% female, 46% Hispanic, 20% white, 20% Asian, 2% Black, and 11% multiracial. Opioid misuse was low in this general sample of young adults, with about 4% reporting misuse from age 18-20. We used latent growth curve modeling to examine how misuse from ages 18-20 was associated with functioning at age 21-22. Adolescents who reported opioid misuse at age 18 also reported more negative consequences from alcohol and cannabis use and greater odds of other prescription drug misuse at age 21-22 than those with no misuse. Those reporting opioid misuse at age 18 were also more likely to engage in sexual risk behaviors, report delinquent behavior, and have a higher likelihood of experiencing sexual victimization and engaging in sexual perpetration at age 21-22 than those with no misuse. Neither the intercept nor slope of opioid misuse was associated with depression, anxiety, physical health or ailments, satisfaction with friends, romantic relationship functioning, or emerging adult roles at wave 11. Findings highlight the importance of screening and brief intervention for adolescents reporting opioid misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J D'Amico
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, USA.
| | - Jordan P Davis
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, USC Center for Artificial Intelligence in Society, USC Center for Mindfulness Science, USC Institute for Addiction Science, 669 W 34th St, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Joan S Tucker
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, USA
| | - Rachana Seelam
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, USA
| | - Bradley D Stein
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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191
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Charbonneau-Lefebvre V, Rosen NO, Bosisio M, Vaillancourt-Morel MP, Bergeron S. An Attachment Perspective on Partner Responses to Genito-pelvic Pain and Their Associations with Relationship and Sexual Outcomes. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2021; 58:235-247. [PMID: 32432494 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2020.1761936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although facilitative and negative partner responses are known to impact couples' adaptation to provoked vestibulodynia (PVD), a chronic genito-pelvic pain condition, it is still unknown what leads individuals to adopt or perceive such adaptative or detrimental behaviors. Attachment influences sexual and relationship adjustment, emotional reactivity and perceived support in romantic relationships, and as such could be associated with partner responses. This study aimed at examining the mediating role of facilitative and negative partner responses in the associations between attachment and relationship and sexual adjustment in 125 couples coping with PVD. Couples completed self-report questionnaires on attachment, partner responses, sexual satisfaction and distress, and relationship satisfaction. Results indicated that partners' attachment avoidance was negatively associated with facilitative partner-reported responses, which in turn was associated with partners' sexual and relationship satisfaction. Attachment anxiety in women and partners was associated with greater women-perceived negative partner responses, which in turn was associated with women's and partners' greater sexual distress and lower sexual satisfaction, and women's lower relationship satisfaction. Partners' greater attachment anxiety was also associated with greater partner-reported facilitative responses, which was associated with partners' lower and women's greater relationship satisfaction. Assessing attachment orientations may help clinicians better understand couples' dyadic coping.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie O Rosen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University
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192
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Glickman K. Prolonged Grief Disorder in a Diverse College Student Sample. Front Psychol 2021; 11:604573. [PMID: 33505337 PMCID: PMC7830516 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.604573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the rate of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and associated factors in a large sample of diverse college students. Sources of grief support and perceived helpfulness of support were also examined. Method: An online survey was administered to bereaved students at three colleges at the City University of New York. PGD measured by the Inventory of Complicated Grief was the primary outcome. Chi-squared and t-tests were used to assess the association between PGD and associated factors. Results: A total of n = 899 participants completed the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG) based on a significant death loss = >12 months. An estimated 13.4% (n = 120/899) met criteria for PGD. The rate of PGD was associated with race, history of anxiety or depression, trauma other than the death, insecure attachment style, kinship to the deceased, closeness to the deceased, cause of death, and sudden/unexpected death. The majority of students sought grief support from a friend or family member. Conclusion: The rate of PGD in this sample of college students is similar to that of adults and most prevalent for students of color. Identification of those most at risk is critical to referring these students to effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Glickman
- Department of Social Work, York College/City University of New York, NY, United States
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193
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Lechuga J, Jones DN. Emophilia and other predictors of attraction to individuals with Dark Triad traits. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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194
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Your cheating heart is just afraid of ending up alone: Fear of being single mediates the relationship between attachment anxiety and infidelity. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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195
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Millings A, Abu-Akel AM, Mattar T, Rowe AC. Constraints to liberty of movement and attachment styles significantly account for well-being in three Palestinian samples. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1968139. [PMID: 34691369 PMCID: PMC8530490 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1968139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Political violence and constraints on liberty of movement can have consequences for health and well-being but affect individuals differently. OBJECTIVE In three Palestinian samples, we sought to examine the relationship between key environmental and psychological factors and general and mental health, including the previously unexplored roles of constraints to liberty of movement and attachment orientation. METHOD Participants (N = 519) in the Occupied Palestinian Territories and Jordan completed questionnaires on constraints to liberty of movement, attachment insecurity, resource loss, experience of political violence , demographics, general healthdepression, and anxiety. All measures were translated from English to Arabic and back-translated into English. RESULTS Findings from regression and mediation analyses indicated that (1) differences in general and mental health among Palestinians in the Occupied Palestinian Territories and the diaspora in Jordan can be explained by the assessed constructs; (2) constraints to liberty of movement, attachment avoidance, and resource loss significantly accounted for poor general health; (3) constraints to liberty of movement, attachment anxiety, and resource loss significantly explained general anxiety symptoms; and (4) attachment anxiety, resource loss, and experience of political violence significantly explained depression symptoms. CONCLUSION The findings have theory-building implications for psychological models of human flourishing and suffering, suggesting that they are incomplete without consideration of liberty as a context, as well as implications for policymakers and champions of global health initiatives, as they highlight the psychological effects of constraints to liberty of movement on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Millings
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ahmad M Abu-Akel
- Institute of Psychology University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tala Mattar
- School of Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Angela C Rowe
- School of Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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196
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Young IF, Sullivan D, Hart J, Palitsky R. Insecurity orientations: A person-centered approach to existential concerns. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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197
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O'Hara KL, Grinberg AM, Tackman AM, Mehl MR, Sbarra DA. Contact with an Ex-partner is Associated with Psychological Distress after Marital Separation. Clin Psychol Sci 2020; 8:450-463. [PMID: 33274123 DOI: 10.1177/2167702620916454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the association between naturalistically-observed in-person contact with one's ex-partner and separation-related psychological distress (SRPD). 122 recently-separated adults were assessed using the Electronically Activated Recorder (Mehl, 2017) on three occasions across five months. The association between in-person contact with one's ex-partner, as a between-person variable, and concurrent SRPD was not reliably different from zero, nor was the time-varying effect of in-person contact. However, more frequent in-person contact with one's ex-partner predicted higher SRPD two months later, above and beyond the variance accounted for by concurrent in-person contact, demographic, relationship, and attachment factors. Follow-up analyses yielded that this effect was only present for people without children; a one standard deviation increase in in-person contact offset and slowed the predicted decline in SRPD over two months by 112%. Our discussion emphasizes new ways to think about the role of in-person contact in shaping adults' psychological adjustment to separation over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Austin M Grinberg
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System.,David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
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198
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Baker ZG, Gentzis EA, Watlington EM, Castejon S, Petit WE, Britton M, Haddad S, DiBello AM, Rodriguez LM, Derrick JL, Knee CR. Reflections on a registered report replicating a body of dyadic cross-sectional research. PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2020; 27:907-938. [PMID: 36419735 PMCID: PMC9681012 DOI: 10.1111/pere.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This article reflects on a new kind of registered report (RR) that replicated the work of an early career researcher. The research items targeted in this RR were peer-reviewed, cross-sectional, dyadic studies to which the first author of this RR had contributed. The findings being replicated are not noteworthy for their prestige or representativeness of the wider field. Instead, this method of replication may have several benefits and less desirable qualities for the researcher and research team whose work is being replicated, for science more broadly, and for relationship science specifically, reviewed herein. The authors hope that this reflection inspires researchers to improve upon their methodology by incorporating replication of their work early and often into their own research process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maggie Britton
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Sana Haddad
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Angelo M. DiBello
- Department of Psychology, City University of New York, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Lindsey M. Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida St Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Florida
| | - Jaye L. Derrick
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - C. Raymond Knee
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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199
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Benoit A, DiTommaso E. Attachment, loneliness, and online perceived social support. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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200
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McNeill Brown A, Brennan Nanni M, LaBelle OP. Self-Esteem in 12-Step Recovery; Theoretical History, Evidence, and Implications for Future Research. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2020.1846478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin McNeill Brown
- Lerner Center for Public Health Promotion, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Mariah Brennan Nanni
- Lerner Center for Public Health Promotion, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Onawa P. LaBelle
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
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