151
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McManus LC, Tekwa EW, Schindler DE, Walsworth TE, Colton MA, Webster MM, Essington TE, Forrest DL, Palumbi SR, Mumby PJ, Pinsky ML. Evolution reverses the effect of network structure on metapopulation persistence. Ecology 2021; 102:e03381. [PMID: 33942289 PMCID: PMC8365706 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Global environmental change is challenging species with novel conditions, such that demographic and evolutionary trajectories of populations are often shaped by the exchange of organisms and alleles across landscapes. Current ecological theory predicts that random networks with dispersal shortcuts connecting distant sites can promote persistence when there is no capacity for evolution. Here, we show with an eco‐evolutionary model that dispersal shortcuts across environmental gradients instead hinder persistence for populations that can evolve because long‐distance migrants bring extreme trait values that are often maladaptive, short‐circuiting the adaptive response of populations to directional change. Our results demonstrate that incorporating evolution and environmental heterogeneity fundamentally alters theoretical predictions regarding persistence in ecological networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C McManus
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA.,Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Kane'ohe, Hawaii, 96744, USA
| | - Edward W Tekwa
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - Daniel E Schindler
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Timothy E Walsworth
- Department of Watershed Sciences and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322, USA
| | | | - Michael M Webster
- Department of Environmental Studies, New York University, New York, New York, 10003, USA
| | - Timothy E Essington
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Daniel L Forrest
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - Stephen R Palumbi
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, 93950, USA
| | - Peter J Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Malin L Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
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152
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Castillo AM, De León LF. Evolutionary mismatch along salinity gradients in a Neotropical water strider. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:5121-5134. [PMID: 34025996 PMCID: PMC8131768 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of local adaptation is crucial for the in situ persistence of populations in changing environments. However, selection along broad environmental gradients could render local adaptation difficult, and might even result in maladaptation. We address this issue by quantifying fitness trade-offs (via common garden experiments) along a salinity gradient in two populations of the Neotropical water strider Telmatometra withei-a species found in both fresh (FW) and brackish (BW) water environments across Panama. We found evidence for local adaptation in the FW population in its home FW environment. However, the BW population showed only partial adaptation to the BW environment, with a high magnitude of maladaptation along naturally occurring salinity gradients. Indeed, its overall fitness was ~60% lower than that of the ancestral FW population in its home environment, highlighting the role of phenotypic plasticity, rather than local adaptation, in high salinity environments. This suggests that populations seemingly persisting in high salinity environments might in fact be maladapted, following drastic changes in salinity. Thus, variable selection imposed by salinization could result in evolutionary mismatch, where the fitness of a population is displaced from its optimal environment. Understanding the fitness consequences of persisting in fluctuating salinity environments is crucial to predict the persistence of populations facing increasing salinization. It will also help develop evolutionarily informed management strategies in the context of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anakena M. Castillo
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de DrogasInstituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT‐AIP)PanamáPanamá
- Department of BiotechnologyAcharya Nagarjuna UniversityGunturIndia
| | - Luis F. De León
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de DrogasInstituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT‐AIP)PanamáPanamá
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMAUSA
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153
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Simón-Porcar VI, Silva JL, Vallejo-Marín M. Rapid local adaptation in both sexual and asexual invasive populations of monkeyflowers (Mimulus spp.). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:655-668. [PMID: 33604608 PMCID: PMC8052927 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Traditionally, local adaptation has been seen as the outcome of a long evolutionary history, particularly with regard to sexual lineages. By contrast, phenotypic plasticity has been thought to be most important during the initial stages of population establishment and in asexual species. We evaluated the roles of adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity in the invasive success of two closely related species of invasive monkeyflowers (Mimulus) in the UK that have contrasting reproductive strategies: M. guttatus combines sexual (seeds) and asexual (clonal growth) reproduction while M. × robertsii is entirely asexual. METHODS We compared the clonality (number of stolons), floral and vegetative phenotype, and phenotypic plasticity of native (M. guttatus) and invasive (M. guttatus and M. × robertsii) populations grown in controlled environment chambers under the environmental conditions at each latitudinal extreme of the UK. The goal was to discern the roles of temperature and photoperiod on the expression of phenotypic traits. Next, we tested the existence of local adaptation in the two species within the invasive range with a reciprocal transplant experiment at two field sites in the latitudinal extremes of the UK, and analysed which phenotypic traits underlie potential local fitness advantages in each species. KEY RESULTS Populations of M. guttatus in the UK showed local adaptation through sexual function (fruit production), while M. × robertsii showed local adaptation via asexual function (stolon production). Phenotypic selection analyses revealed that different traits are associated with fitness in each species. Invasive and native populations of M. guttatus had similar phenotypic plasticity and clonality. M. × robertsii presents greater plasticity and clonality than native M. guttatus, but most populations have restricted clonality under the warm conditions of the south of the UK. CONCLUSIONS This study provides experimental evidence of local adaptation in a strictly asexual invasive species with high clonality and phenotypic plasticity. This indicates that even asexual taxa can rapidly (<200 years) adapt to novel environmental conditions in which alternative strategies may not ensure the persistence of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta I Simón-Porcar
- Departmento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose L Silva
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (CSIC), Avenida Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mario Vallejo-Marín
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland FK9 4LA, UK
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154
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Abstract
AbstractMany organisms are specialized, and these narrow niches are often explained with trade-offs-the inability for one organism to express maximal performance in two or more environments. However, evidence is lacking that trade-offs are sufficient to explain specialists. Several lines of theoretical inquiry suggest that populations can specialize without explicit trade-offs, as a result of relaxed selection in generalists for their performance in rare environments. Here, I synthesize and extend these approaches, showing that emergent asymmetries in evolvability can push a population toward specialization in the absence of trade-offs and in the presence of substantial ecological costs of specialism. Simulations are used to demonstrate how adaptation to a more common environment interferes with adaptation to a less common but otherwise equal alternative environment and that this interference is greatly exacerbated at low recombination rates. This adaptive process of specialization can effectively trap populations in a suboptimal niche. These modeling results predict that transient differences in evolvability across traits during a single episode of adaptation could have long-term consequences for a population's niche.
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155
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Palacio-Mejía JD, Grabowski PP, Ortiz EM, Silva-Arias GA, Haque T, Des Marais DL, Bonnette J, Lowry DB, Juenger TE. Geographic patterns of genomic diversity and structure in the C 4 grass Panicum hallii across its natural distribution. AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab002. [PMID: 33708370 PMCID: PMC7937184 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Geographic patterns of within-species genomic diversity are shaped by evolutionary processes, life history and historical and contemporary factors. New genomic approaches can be used to infer the influence of such factors on the current distribution of infraspecific lineages. In this study, we evaluated the genomic and morphological diversity as well as the genetic structure of the C4 grass Panicum hallii across its complex natural distribution in North America. We sampled extensively across the natural range of P. hallii in Mexico and the USA to generate double-digestion restriction-associated DNA (ddRAD) sequence data for 423 individuals from 118 localities. We used these individuals to study the divergence between the two varieties of P. hallii, P. hallii var. filipes and P. hallii var. hallii as well as the genetic diversity and structure within these groups. We also examined the possibility of admixture in the geographically sympatric zone shared by both varieties, and assessed distribution shifts related with past climatic fluctuations. There is strong genetic and morphological divergence between the varieties and consistent genetic structure defining seven genetic clusters that follow major ecoregions across the range. South Texas constitutes a hotspot of genetic diversity with the co-occurrence of all genetic clusters and admixture between the two varieties. It is likely a recolonization and convergence point of populations that previously diverged in isolation during fragmentation events following glaciation periods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul P Grabowski
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Edgardo M Ortiz
- Ecology & Ecosystem Management, Plant Biodiversity Research, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Gustavo Adolfo Silva-Arias
- Professorship for Population Genetics, Department of Life Science Systems, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Taslima Haque
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - David L Des Marais
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jason Bonnette
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - David B Lowry
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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156
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Giglio RM, Rocke TE, Osorio JE, Latch EK. Characterizing patterns of genomic variation in the threatened Utah prairie dog: Implications for conservation and management. Evol Appl 2021; 14:1036-1051. [PMID: 33897819 PMCID: PMC8061279 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Utah prairie dogs (Cynomys parvidens) are federally threatened due to eradication campaigns, habitat destruction, and outbreaks of plague. Today, Utah prairie dogs exist in small, isolated populations, making them less demographically stable and more susceptible to erosion of genetic variation by genetic drift. We characterized patterns of genetic structure at neutral and putatively adaptive loci in order to evaluate the relative effects of genetic drift and local adaptation on population divergence. We sampled individuals across the Utah prairie dog species range and generated 2955 single nucleotide polymorphisms using double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing. Genetic diversity was lower in low-elevation sites compared to high-elevation sites. Population divergence was high among sites and followed an isolation-by-distance model. Our results indicate that genetic drift plays a substantial role in the population divergence of the Utah prairie dog, and colonies would likely benefit from translocation of individuals between recovery units, which are characterized by distinct elevations, despite the detection of environmental associations with outlier loci. By understanding the processes that shape genetic structure, better informed decisions can be made with respect to the management of threatened species to ensure that adaptation is not stymied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M. Giglio
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWIUSA
| | | | - Jorge E. Osorio
- Department of Pathobiological SciencesSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Emily K. Latch
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWIUSA
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157
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Martin RA, Chick LD, Garvin ML, Diamond SE. In a nutshell, a reciprocal transplant experiment reveals local adaptation and fitness trade-offs in response to urban evolution in an acorn-dwelling ant. Evolution 2021; 75:876-887. [PMID: 33586171 PMCID: PMC8247984 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Urban-driven evolution is widely evident, but whether these changes confer fitness benefits and thus represent adaptive urban evolution is less clear. We performed a multiyear field reciprocal transplant experiment of acorn-dwelling ants across urban and rural environments. Fitness responses were consistent with local adaptation: we found a survival advantage of the "home" and "local" treatments compared to "away" and "foreign" treatments. Seasonal bias in survival was consistent with evolutionary patterns of gains and losses in thermal tolerance traits across the urbanization gradient. Rural ants in the urban environment were more vulnerable in the summer, putatively due to low heat tolerance, and urban ants in the rural environment were more vulnerable in winter, putatively due to an evolved loss of cold tolerance. The results for fitness via fecundity were also generally consistent with local adaptation, if somewhat more complex. Urban-origin ants produced more alates in their home versus away environment, and rural-origin ants had a local advantage in the rural environment. Overall, the magnitude of local adaptation was lower for urban ants in the novel urban environment compared with rural ants adapted to the ancestral rural environment, adding further evidence that species might not keep pace with anthropogenic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Martin
- Department of BiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio44106
| | - Lacy D. Chick
- Department of BiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio44106
- Hawken SchoolGates MillsOhio44040
| | - Matthew L. Garvin
- Department of BiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio44106
- Department of BiologyCentral Michigan UniversityMount PleasantMichigan48859
| | - Sarah E. Diamond
- Department of BiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio44106
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158
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Epicormic bud protection traits vary along a latitudinal gradient in a neotropical savanna. Naturwissenschaften 2021; 108:11. [PMID: 33740167 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-021-01722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Regrowth via production of epicormic shoots is an important strategy for many woody plants after environmental disturbances such as fire, drought, and herbivory. Populations spreading across a broad latitudinal gradient offer opportunities to investigate if essential traits vary with heterogenous environmental conditions, such as in savanna ecosystems. This information can help us predict plant responses to climate change. Here, we evaluated if epicormic bud protection traits varied among populations of three focal savanna species (Miconia albicans, Solanum lycocarpum, and Zeyheria montana) that have a wide distribution and grow under variable climatic conditions. We randomly sampled 225 individuals over five spatially independent sites (7°, 10°, 15°, 18°, and 24° S) in Brazil, totaling 15 individuals per species per area. We analyzed anatomical transverse sections of five buds per species per area to assess the relative area occupied by crystal and phenolic idioblasts, the thickness of the trichome boundary layer, and to test if these traits were associated with climatic conditions. The buds were protected by cataphylls and composed of a variable number of undeveloped leaves enveloping the shoot apex. For M. albicans, we found an association between maximum temperature and both phenolic idioblasts and trichome boundary layer, but no association with crystal idioblasts. In S. lycocarpum, only the trichome boundary layer was associated with maximum temperature plus high radiation. Z. montana showed no variation. Combination of two or more traits can lead to the development of adaptative strategies to different climatic conditions. We present for the first time an analysis of epicormic bud traits in plant populations occurring in an extensive latitudinal gradient and shed light on how maximum temperature is associated with these traits, contributing to a better understanding of plant resprouting capabilities in widespread savanna plant species.
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159
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Locally adapted gut microbiomes mediate host stress tolerance. ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:2401-2414. [PMID: 33658622 PMCID: PMC8319338 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-00940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
While evidence for the role of the microbiome in shaping host stress tolerance is becoming well-established, to what extent this depends on the interaction between the host and its local microbiome is less clear. Therefore, we investigated whether locally adapted gut microbiomes affect host stress tolerance. In the water flea Daphnia magna, we studied if the host performs better when receiving a microbiome from their source region than from another region when facing a stressful condition, more in particular exposure to the toxic cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa. Therefore, a reciprocal transplant experiment was performed in which recipient, germ-free D. magna, isolated from different ponds, received a donor microbiome from sympatric or allopatric D. magna that were pre-exposed to toxic cyanobacteria or not. We tested for effects on host life history traits and gut microbiome composition. Our data indicate that Daphnia interact with particular microbial strains mediating local adaptation in host stress tolerance. Most recipient D. magna individuals performed better when inoculated with sympatric than with allopatric microbiomes. This effect was most pronounced when the donors were pre-exposed to the toxic cyanobacteria, but this effect was also pond and genotype dependent. We discuss how this host fitness benefit is associated with microbiome diversity patterns.
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160
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Song H, Guo X, Yu X, Liu L, Wang N, Eller F, Guo W. Is there evidence of local adaptation of Phragmites australis to water level gradients and fluctuation frequencies? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:144065. [PMID: 33310212 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Greater differences in hydrologic conditions are expected between coastal and inland wetlands with global climate change. Local adaptation has been considered as a significant driver of intraspecific differentiation in heterogeneous habitats. The common reed Phragmites australis is a cosmopolitan wetland species with high genetic variability and adaptability. In our study, reeds collected from coastal and inland wetlands were subjected to three stable water level gradients and two fluctuation frequencies in a common garden experiment. We measured their aboveground and belowground biomass, height, density, stem diameter, leaf water potential, specific leaf area, and photosynthetic parameters. Our results showed that P. australis exhibited high tolerance to stable and fluctuating water levels up to 30 cm depth. Increased shoot elongation rate and water-use efficiency promoted the establishment of P. australis in flooding habitats. The common reeds in the high-frequency water level fluctuation had a shorter shoot height and a lower shoot density than those in the low-frequency one. The coastal populations performed better under high (30 cm) and low (0 cm) water levels than the inland populations, which preferred shallow water (15 cm). The adaptation strategies of coastal and inland reeds to fluctuation frequencies were no different. We concluded that local adaptation might occur in P. australis populations due to different water levels rather than fluctuation frequency in coastal and inland wetlands. Our findings could provide a theoretical basis on the effects of flooding on intraspecific variation of wetland plants in future environmental change scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijia Song
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Xiaona Yu
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lele Liu
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Franziska Eller
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Weihua Guo
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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161
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Worldwide Genetic Structure Elucidates the Eurasian Origin and Invasion Pathways of Dothistroma septosporum, Causal Agent of Dothistroma Needle Blight. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7020111. [PMID: 33546260 PMCID: PMC7913368 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dothistroma septosporum, the primary causal agent of Dothistroma needle blight, is one of the most significant foliar pathogens of pine worldwide. Its wide host and environmental ranges have led to its global success as a pathogen and severe economic damage to pine forests in many regions. This comprehensive global population study elucidated the historical migration pathways of the pathogen to reveal the Eurasian origin of the fungus. When over 3800 isolates were examined, three major population clusters were revealed: North America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe, with distinct subclusters in the highly diverse Eastern European cluster. Modeling of historical scenarios using approximate Bayesian computation revealed the North American cluster was derived from an ancestral population in Eurasia. The Northeastern European subcluster was shown to be ancestral to all other European clusters and subclusters. The Turkish subcluster diverged first, followed by the Central European subcluster, then the Western European cluster, which has subsequently spread to much of the Southern Hemisphere. All clusters and subclusters contained both mating-types of the fungus, indicating the potential for sexual reproduction, although asexual reproduction remained the primary mode of reproduction. The study strongly suggests the native range of D. septosporum to be in Eastern Europe (i.e., the Baltic and Western Russia) and Western Asia.
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162
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Zhang Z, Kass JM, Mammola S, Koizumi I, Li X, Tanaka K, Ikeda K, Suzuki T, Yokota M, Usio N. Lineage‐level distribution models lead to more realistic climate change predictions for a threatened crayfish. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zhang
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo Japan
| | - Jamie M. Kass
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Tancha, Onna‐son, Kunigami‐gun Okinawa Japan
| | - Stefano Mammola
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG) Water Research Institute National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐IRSA) Verbania Pallanza Italy
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe) Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Itsuro Koizumi
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Xuecao Li
- College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Kazunori Tanaka
- Faculty of Humanities and Human Sciences Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | | | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences Rakuno Gakuen University Ebetsu Japan
| | - Masashi Yokota
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo Japan
| | - Nisikawa Usio
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology Kanazawa University Kanazawa Japan
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163
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Reid JM, Arcese P, Nietlisbach P, Wolak ME, Muff S, Dickel L, Keller LF. Immigration counter-acts local micro-evolution of a major fitness component: Migration-selection balance in free-living song sparrows. Evol Lett 2021; 5:48-60. [PMID: 33552535 PMCID: PMC7857281 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing adaptive evolution, and resulting “evolutionary rescue” of declining populations, requires additive genetic variation in fitness. Such variation can be increased by gene flow resulting from immigration, potentially facilitating evolution. But, gene flow could in fact constrain rather than facilitate local adaptive evolution if immigrants have low additive genetic values for local fitness. Local migration‐selection balance and micro‐evolutionary stasis could then result. However, key quantitative genetic effects of natural immigration, comprising the degrees to which gene flow increases the total local additive genetic variance yet counteracts local adaptive evolutionary change, have not been explicitly quantified in wild populations. Key implications of gene flow for population and evolutionary dynamics consequently remain unclear. Our quantitative genetic analyses of long‐term data from free‐living song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) show that mean breeding value for local juvenile survival to adulthood, a major component of fitness, increased across cohorts more than expected solely due to drift. Such micro‐evolutionary change should be expected given nonzero additive genetic variance and consistent directional selection. However, this evolutionary increase was counteracted by negative additive genetic effects of recent immigrants, which increased total additive genetic variance but prevented a net directional evolutionary increase in total additive genetic value. These analyses imply an approximate quantitative genetic migration‐selection balance in a major fitness component, and hence demonstrate a key mechanism by which substantial additive genetic variation can be maintained yet decoupled from local adaptive evolutionary change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Reid
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics NTNU Trondheim Norway.,School of Biological Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | - Peter Arcese
- Forest & Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Pirmin Nietlisbach
- School of Biological Sciences Illinois State University Normal Illinois USA
| | - Matthew E Wolak
- Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alaska USA
| | - Stefanie Muff
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics NTNU Trondheim Norway.,Department of Mathematical Sciences NTNU Trondheim Norway
| | - Lisa Dickel
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics NTNU Trondheim Norway
| | - Lukas F Keller
- Department of Evolutionary Biology & Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland.,Zoological Museum University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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164
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Rahi ML, Mather PB, Hurwood DA. Do plasticity in gene expression and physiological responses in Palaemonid prawns facilitate adaptive response to different osmotic challenges? Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 251:110810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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165
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Zhang L, Hood GR, Roush AM, Shzu SA, Comerford MS, Ott JR, Egan SP. Asymmetric, but opposing reductions in immigrant viability and fecundity promote reproductive isolation among host-associated populations of an insect herbivore. Evolution 2020; 75:476-489. [PMID: 33330984 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Immigrant inviability can contribute to reproductive isolation (RI) during ecological speciation by reducing the survival of immigrants in non-native environments. However, studies that assess the fitness consequence of immigrants moving from native to non-native environments typically fail to explore the potential role of concomitant reductions in immigrant fecundity despite recent evidence suggesting its prominent role during local adaptation. Here, we evaluate the directionality and magnitude of both immigrant viability and fecundity to RI in a host-specific gall-forming wasp, Belonocnema treatae. Using reciprocal transplant experiments replicated across sites, we measure immigrant viability and fecundity by comparing differences in the incidence of gall formation (viability) and predicted the number of eggs per female (fecundity) between residents and immigrants in each of two host-plant environments. Reduced immigrant viability was found in one host environment while reduced immigrant fecundity was found in the other. Such habitat-dependent barriers resulted in asymmetric RI between populations. By surveying recent literature on local adaptation, we find that asymmetry in immigrant viability and fecundity are widespread across disparate taxa, which highlights the need to combine estimates of both common and overlooked barriers in cases of potential bi-directional gene flow to create a more comprehensive view of the evolution of RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Zhang
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005
| | - Glen R Hood
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005.,Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202
| | - Amy M Roush
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005
| | - Shih An Shzu
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005
| | | | - James R Ott
- Population and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, 78666
| | - Scott P Egan
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005
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166
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DiVittorio CT, Singhal S, Roddy AB, Zapata F, Ackerly DD, Baldwin BG, Brodersen CR, Búrquez A, Fine PVA, Padilla Flores M, Solis E, Morales-Villavicencio J, Morales-Arce D, Kyhos DW. Natural selection maintains species despite frequent hybridization in the desert shrub Encelia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:33373-33383. [PMID: 33318178 PMCID: PMC7776959 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001337117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural selection is an important driver of genetic and phenotypic differentiation between species. For species in which potential gene flow is high but realized gene flow is low, adaptation via natural selection may be a particularly important force maintaining species. For a recent radiation of New World desert shrubs (Encelia: Asteraceae), we use fine-scale geographic sampling and population genomics to determine patterns of gene flow across two hybrid zones formed between two independent pairs of species with parapatric distributions. After finding evidence for extremely strong selection at both hybrid zones, we use a combination of field experiments, high-resolution imaging, and physiological measurements to determine the ecological basis for selection at one of the hybrid zones. Our results identify multiple ecological mechanisms of selection (drought, salinity, herbivory, and burial) that together are sufficient to maintain species boundaries despite high rates of hybridization. Given that multiple pairs of Encelia species hybridize at ecologically divergent parapatric boundaries, such mechanisms may maintain species boundaries throughout Encelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T DiVittorio
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;
- TruBreed Technologies, Oakland, CA 94609
| | - Sonal Singhal
- Department of Biology, California State University - Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747;
| | - Adam B Roddy
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199
| | - Felipe Zapata
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - David D Ackerly
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Bruce G Baldwin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | | | - Alberto Búrquez
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de México, Sonora, 83000 Hermosillo, México
| | - Paul V A Fine
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Mayra Padilla Flores
- Department of Biology, California State University - Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747
| | - Elizabeth Solis
- Department of Biology, California State University - Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747
| | | | - David Morales-Arce
- Benito Juárez s/n, Colonia Barrio La Punta, Bahia Asunción, 23960 Baja California Sur, México
| | - Donald W Kyhos
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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167
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Albertsen E, Opedal ØH, Bolstad GH, Pérez-Barrales R, Hansen TF, Pélabon C, Armbruster WS. Using ecological context to interpret spatiotemporal variation in natural selection. Evolution 2020; 75:294-309. [PMID: 33230820 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal variation in natural selection is expected, but difficult to estimate. Pollinator-mediated selection on floral traits provides a good system for understanding and linking variation in selection to differences in ecological context. We studied pollinator-mediated selection in five populations of Dalechampia scandens (Euphorbiaceae) in Costa Rica and Mexico. Using a nonlinear path-analytical approach, we assessed several functional components of selection, and linked variation in pollinator-mediated selection across time and space to variation in pollinator assemblages. After correcting for estimation error, we detected moderate variation in net selection on two out of four blossom traits. Both the opportunity for selection and the mean strength of selection decreased with increasing reliability of cross-pollination. Selection for pollinator attraction was consistently positive and stronger on advertisement than reward traits. Selection on traits affecting pollen transfer from the pollinator to the stigmas was strong only when cross-pollination was unreliable and there was a mismatch between pollinator and blossom size. These results illustrate how consideration of trait function and ecological context can facilitate both the detection and the causal understanding of spatiotemporal variation in natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Albertsen
- Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research, Trondheim, 7031, Norway.,Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Øystein H Opedal
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway.,Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, SE-22362, Sweden
| | - Geir H Bolstad
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, 7485, Norway
| | - Rocío Pérez-Barrales
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas F Hansen
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0316, Norway
| | - Christophe Pélabon
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - W Scott Armbruster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, United Kingdom.,Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775, USA
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168
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Labonne J, Manicki A, Chevalier L, Tétillon M, Guéraud F, Hendry AP. Using Reciprocal Transplants to Assess Local Adaptation, Genetic Rescue, and Sexual Selection in Newly Established Populations. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:genes12010005. [PMID: 33374534 PMCID: PMC7822186 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small populations establishing on colonization fronts have to adapt to novel environments with limited genetic variation. The pace at which they can adapt, and the influence of genetic variation on their success, are key questions for understanding intraspecific diversity. To investigate these topics, we performed a reciprocal transplant experiment between two recently founded populations of brown trout in the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands. Using individual tagging and genetic assignment methods, we tracked the fitness of local and foreign individuals, as well as the fitness of their offspring over two generations. In both populations, although not to the same extent, gene flow occurred between local and foreign gene pools. In both cases, however, we failed to detect obvious footprints of local adaptation (which should limit gene flow) and only weak support for genetic rescue (which should enhance gene flow). In the population where gene flow from foreign individuals was low, no clear differences were observed between the fitness of local, foreign, and F1 hybrid individuals. In the population where gene flow was high, foreign individuals were successful due to high mating success rather than high survival, and F1 hybrids had the same fitness as pure local offspring. These results suggest the importance of considering sexual selection, rather than just local adaptation and genetic rescue, when evaluating the determinants of success in small and recently founded populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Labonne
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, UMR INRAE-UPPA, Ecobiop, FR-64310 Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France; (A.M.); (L.C.); (M.T.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (A.P.H.)
| | - Aurélie Manicki
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, UMR INRAE-UPPA, Ecobiop, FR-64310 Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France; (A.M.); (L.C.); (M.T.); (F.G.)
| | - Louise Chevalier
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, UMR INRAE-UPPA, Ecobiop, FR-64310 Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France; (A.M.); (L.C.); (M.T.); (F.G.)
| | - Marin Tétillon
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, UMR INRAE-UPPA, Ecobiop, FR-64310 Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France; (A.M.); (L.C.); (M.T.); (F.G.)
| | - François Guéraud
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, UMR INRAE-UPPA, Ecobiop, FR-64310 Saint-Pée sur Nivelle, France; (A.M.); (L.C.); (M.T.); (F.G.)
| | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C4, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (A.P.H.)
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169
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Adaptive Evolution in Cities: Progress and Misconceptions. Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 36:239-257. [PMID: 33342595 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current narratives suggest that urban adaptation - the adaptive evolution of organisms to cities - is pervasive across taxa and cities. However, in reviewing hundreds of studies, we find only six comprehensive examples of species adaptively evolving to urbanization. We discuss the utility and shortcomings of methods for studying urban adaptation. We then review diverse systems offering preliminary evidence for urban adaptation and outline a research program for advancing its study. Urban environments constitute diverse, interacting selective agents that test the limits of adaptation. Understanding urban adaptation therefore offers unique opportunities for addressing fundamental questions in evolutionary biology and for better conserving biodiversity in cities. However, capitalizing on these opportunities requires appropriate research methods and dissemination of accurate narratives.
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170
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Smolinský R, Baláž V, Nürnberger B. Tadpoles of hybridising fire-bellied toads (B. bombina and B. variegata) differ in their susceptibility to predation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231804. [PMID: 33285552 PMCID: PMC7721483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of adaptive divergence in the formation of new species has been the subject of much recent debate. The most direct evidence comes from traits that can be shown to have diverged under natural selection and that now contribute to reproductive isolation. Here, we investigate differential adaptation of two fire-bellied toads (Anura, Bombinatoridae) to two types of aquatic habitat. Bombina bombina and B. variegata are two anciently diverged taxa that now reproduce in predator-rich ponds and ephemeral aquatic sites, respectively. Nevertheless, they hybridise extensively wherever their distribution ranges adjoin. We show in laboratory experiments that, as expected, B. variegata tadpoles are at relatively greater risk of predation from dragonfly larvae, even when they display a predator-induced phenotype. These tadpoles spent relatively more time swimming and so prompted more attacks from the visually hunting predators. We argue in the discussion that genomic regions linked to high activity in B. variegata should be barred from introgression into the B. bombina gene pool and thus contribute to gene flow barriers that keep the two taxa from merging into one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radovan Smolinský
- Research Facility Studenec, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Baláž
- Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Beate Nürnberger
- Research Facility Studenec, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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171
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Koch EL, Sbilordo SH, Guillaume F. Genetic variance in fitness and its cross‐sex covariance predict adaptation during experimental evolution. Evolution 2020; 74:2725-2740. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva L. Koch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zürich Winterthurerstr. 190 Zürich 8057 Switzerland
- Department of Animal and Plant Science University of Sheffield Western Bank Sheffield S10 2TN United Kingdom
| | - Sonja H. Sbilordo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zürich Winterthurerstr. 190 Zürich 8057 Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Guillaume
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zürich Winterthurerstr. 190 Zürich 8057 Switzerland
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172
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Chien WM, Chang CT, Chiang YC, Hwang SY. Ecological Factors Generally Not Altitude Related Played Main Roles in Driving Potential Adaptive Evolution at Elevational Range Margin Populations of Taiwan Incense Cedar ( Calocedrus formosana). Front Genet 2020; 11:580630. [PMID: 33262787 PMCID: PMC7686793 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.580630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Population diversification can be shaped by a combination of environmental factors as well as geographic isolation interacting with gene flow. We surveyed genetic variation of 243 samples from 12 populations of Calocedrus formosana using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and scored a total of 437 AFLP fragments using 11 selective amplification primer pairs. The AFLP variation was used to assess the role of gene flow on the pattern of genetic diversity and to test environments in driving population adaptive evolution. This study found the relatively lower level of genetic diversity and the higher level of population differentiation in C. formosana compared with those estimated in previous studies of conifers including Cunninghamia konishii, Keteleeria davidiana var. formosana, and Taiwania cryptomerioides occurring in Taiwan. BAYESCAN detected 26 FST outlier loci that were found to be associated strongly with various environmental variables using multiple univariate logistic regression, latent factor mixed model, and Bayesian logistic regression. We found several environmentally dependent adaptive loci with high frequencies in low- or high-elevation populations, suggesting their involvement in local adaptation. Ecological factors, including relative humidity and sunshine hours, that are generally not altitude related could have been the most important selective drivers for population divergent evolution in C. formosana. The present study provides fundamental information in relation to adaptive evolution and can be useful for assisted migration program of C. formosana in the future conservation of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Chien
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Te Chang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chung Chiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ying Hwang
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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173
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Capblancq T, Fitzpatrick MC, Bay RA, Exposito-Alonso M, Keller SR. Genomic Prediction of (Mal)Adaptation Across Current and Future Climatic Landscapes. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-020720-042553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Signals of local adaptation have been found in many plants and animals, highlighting the heterogeneity in the distribution of adaptive genetic variation throughout species ranges. In the coming decades, global climate change is expected to induce shifts in the selective pressures that shape this adaptive variation. These changes in selective pressures will likely result in varying degrees of local climate maladaptation and spatial reshuffling of the underlying distributions of adaptive alleles. There is a growing interest in using population genomic data to help predict future disruptions to locally adaptive gene-environment associations. One motivation behind such work is to better understand how the effects of changing climate on populations’ short-term fitness could vary spatially across species ranges. Here we review the current use of genomic data to predict the disruption of local adaptation across current and future climates. After assessing goals and motivationsunderlying the approach, we review the main steps and associated statistical methods currently in use and explore our current understanding of the limits and future potential of using genomics to predict climate change (mal)adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Capblancq
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
| | - Matthew C. Fitzpatrick
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland 21532, USA
| | - Rachael A. Bay
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Moises Exposito-Alonso
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Stephen R. Keller
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
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174
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Bachmann JC, Van Buskirk J. Adaptation to elevation but limited local adaptation in an amphibian. Evolution 2020; 75:956-969. [PMID: 33063864 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We performed a reciprocal transplant experiment to estimate "parallel" adaptation to elevation and "unique" adaptation to local sites at the same elevation, using the frog Rana temporaria in the Swiss Alps. It is important to distinguish these two processes because they have different implications for population structure and ecological specialization. Larvae were reared from hatching to metamorphosis within enclosures installed in their pond of origin, in three foreign ponds at the same elevation, and in four ponds at different elevation (1500-2000 m higher or lower). There were two source populations from each elevation, and adults were held in a common environment for 1 year before they were crossed to produce offspring for the experiment. Fitness was a measure that integrated larval survival, development rate, and body size. Parallel adaptation to elevation was indicated by an advantage at the home elevation (11.5% fitness difference at low elevation and 47% at high elevation). This effect was stronger than that observed in most other studies, according to a survey of previous transplant experiments across elevation (N = 8 animal species and 71 plants). Unique local adaptation within elevational zones was only 0.3-0.7 times as strong as parallel adaptation, probably because gene flow is comparatively high among nearby wetlands at the same elevation. The home-elevation advantage may reduce gene flow across the elevational gradient and enable the evolution of habitat races specialized on elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith C Bachmann
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Josh Van Buskirk
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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175
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Leger EA, Barga S, Agneray AC, Baughman O, Burton R, Williams M. Selecting native plants for restoration using rapid screening for adaptive traits: methods and outcomes in a Great Basin case study. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Leger
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, Department of Biology University of Nevada, Reno 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557 U.S.A
| | - Sarah Barga
- USDA Forest Service—Rocky Mountain Research Station 322 E. Front St., Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 U.S.A
| | - Alison C. Agneray
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, Department of Biology University of Nevada, Reno 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557 U.S.A
| | - Owen Baughman
- The Nature Conservancy, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center 67826‐A Hwy. 205, Burns, OR 97720 U.S.A
| | - Robert Burton
- Bureau of Land Management Humboldt Field Office, 5100 East Winnemucca Blvd., Winnemucca, NV 89445 U.S.A
| | - Mark Williams
- Bureau of Land Management, Salt Lake Field Office 2370 South Decker Lake Blvd., West Valley, UT 84119 U.S.A
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176
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Lievens EJP, Michalakis Y, Lenormand T. Trait‐specific trade‐offs prevent niche expansion in two parasites. J Evol Biol 2020; 33:1704-1714. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva J. P. Lievens
- CEFE, CNRS Univ MontpellierUniv Paul Valéry Montpellier 3EPHEIRD Montpellier France
- UMR 5290 MIVEGEC Univ MontpellierCNRSIRD Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Yannis Michalakis
- UMR 5290 MIVEGEC Univ MontpellierCNRSIRD Montpellier Cedex 5 France
- Centre of Research in Ecology and Evolution of Diseases (CREES) Montpellier France
| | - Thomas Lenormand
- CEFE, CNRS Univ MontpellierUniv Paul Valéry Montpellier 3EPHEIRD Montpellier France
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177
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Provenance Geographical and Climatic Characteristics Influence Budburst Phenology of Southwestern Ponderosa Pine Seedlings. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11101067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson var. scopulorum Engelm.) forests of the southwestern US are threatened by climate change and deforestation. Information about geographic patterns of provenance variation in budburst phenology is needed to make decisions about selecting seed sources for future planting. In this study, provenance variation in the budburst phenology of ponderosa pine seedlings was examined using common garden studies. Seedlings from 21 provenances, representing an elevational gradient in Arizona and New Mexico, were planted in July 2018 at a ponderosa pine-dominated field site in northern Arizona. Field budburst was monitored weekly on all seedlings in the spring of 2019. Field budburst was compared with budburst timing of the same provenances measured under greenhouse conditions. The hypotheses for this study were that (1) budburst varies among provenances, with earlier budburst in low-elevation provenances, and (2) differences in budburst timing among provenances are consistent for seedlings grown in greenhouse and field environments. Field results show that provenances vary in budburst date and that low- and middle-elevation provenances break bud sooner than high-elevation provenances. Field budburst date had a moderate, positive correlation with provenance mean annual precipitation (r = 0.522) and a moderate, negative trend with latitude (r = −0.413). Budburst date of provenances in the greenhouse had a moderate, positive trend with budburst date in the field (r = 0.554), suggesting application of greenhouse results to field plantings. Such information about provenance variation and environmental and geographic trends in budburst timing will be useful for developing species-specific seed transfer guidelines and effective assisted migration strategies in a changing climate.
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178
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Ardaševa A, Anderson ARA, Gatenby RA, Byrne HM, Maini PK, Lorenzi T. Comparative study between discrete and continuum models for the evolution of competing phenotype-structured cell populations in dynamical environments. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:042404. [PMID: 33212726 PMCID: PMC10900972 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.042404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic continuum models formulated as nonlocal partial differential equations for the evolutionary dynamics of populations structured by phenotypic traits have been used recently to address open questions concerning the adaptation of asexual species to periodically fluctuating environmental conditions. These models are usually defined on the basis of population-scale phenomenological assumptions and cannot capture adaptive phenomena that are driven by stochastic variability in the evolutionary paths of single individuals. In light of these considerations, in this paper we develop a stochastic individual-based model for the coevolution of two competing phenotype-structured cell populations that are exposed to time-varying nutrient levels and undergo spontaneous, heritable phenotypic changes with different probabilities. Here, the evolution of every cell is described by a set of rules that result in a discrete-time branching random walk on the space of phenotypic states, and nutrient levels are governed by a difference equation in which a sink term models nutrient consumption by the cells. We formally show that the deterministic continuum counterpart of this model comprises a system of nonlocal partial differential equations for the cell population density functions coupled with an ordinary differential equation for the nutrient concentration. We compare the individual-based model and its continuum analog, focusing on scenarios whereby the predictions of the two models differ. The results obtained clarify the conditions under which significant differences between the two models can emerge due to bottleneck effects that bring about both lower regularity of the density functions of the two populations and more pronounced demographic stochasticity. In particular, bottleneck effects emerge in the presence of lower probabilities of phenotypic variation and are more apparent when the two populations are characterized by lower fitness initial mean phenotypes and smaller initial levels of phenotypic heterogeneity. The emergence of these effects, and thus the agreement between the two modeling approaches, is also dependent on the initial proportions of the two populations. As an illustrative example, we demonstrate the implications of these results in the context of the mathematical modeling of the early stage of metastatic colonization of distant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ardaševa
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander R A Anderson
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Robert A Gatenby
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Helen M Byrne
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - Philip K Maini
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - Tommaso Lorenzi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences "G. L. Lagrange", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
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179
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Mardones ML, Fenberg PB, Thatje S, Hauton C. Intraspecific plasticity and trans-generational adaptation of reproductive traits and early development in a temperate marine neogastropod. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 161:105123. [PMID: 32882589 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming is altering the distribution of species, producing range shifts and promoting local extinctions. There is an urgent need to understand the underlying mechanisms that influence the persistence of populations across a species' distribution range in the face of global warming. Ocenebra erinaceus is a marine gastropod that exhibits high intraspecific variability in maternal investment and physiological capacity during early stages, which suggests local adaptation to natal environmental conditions. In this study, reproductive traits and trans-generational adaptation were measured in two subtidal populations: one from the middle (the Solent, UK) and another towards the southern end of their geographic distribution (Arcachon, France). Local adaptation was evaluated with a transfer experiment (i.e. Arcachon females transferred to Solent thermal conditions) and trans-generational adaptation was evaluated in the thermal tolerance response of embryos exposed to temperatures between 10 and 20 °C. This study shows that both populations have similar fitness; however, there are adaptive costs to live under their natal location, resulting in trade-offs between reproductive traits. Transferred females show lower reproductive output, which suggests that females are maladapted to live under a new environment. The trans-generational experiment demonstrates contrasting thermal tolerance ranges between populations. Adaptation to local thermal conditions was observed in transferred embryos, showing poor performance and high mortalities under the new environment. Our results provide a better understanding of intraspecific differences and adaptations across a species' distribution range and provide insights into how climate warming will impact encapsulated species exhibiting location-specific adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Loreto Mardones
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.
| | - Phillip B Fenberg
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Sven Thatje
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Chris Hauton
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
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180
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Micheletti SJ, Storfer A. Mixed support for gene flow as a constraint to local adaptation and contributor to the limited geographic range of an endemic salamander. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:4091-4101. [PMID: 32920896 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms that underlie species range limits is at the core of evolutionary ecology. Asymmetric gene flow between larger core populations and smaller edge populations can swamp local adaptation at the range edge and inhibit further range expansion. However, empirical tests of this theory are exceedingly rare. We tested the hypothesis that asymmetric gene flow can constrain local adaptation and thereby species' range limits in an endemic US salamander (Ambystoma barbouri) by determining if gene flow is asymmetric between the core and peripheries of the species' geographic distribution and testing whether local adaptation is swamped at range edges with a reciprocal transplant experiment. Using putatively neutral loci from populations across three core-to-edge transects that covered nearly the entire species' geographic range, we found evidence for asymmetric, core-to-edge gene flow along western and northern transects, but not along a southern transect. Subsequently, the reciprocal transplant experiment suggested that northern and western edge populations are locally adapted despite experiencing asymmetric gene flow, yet have lower fitness in their respective home regions than those of centre population. Conversely, southern populations exhibit low deme quality, experiencing high mortality regardless of where they were reared, probably due to harsher edge habitat conditions. Consequently, we provide rare species-wide evidence that local adaptation can occur despite asymmetric gene flow, though migration from the core may prohibit range expansion by reducing fitness in edge populations. Further, our multitransect study shows that multiple, nonmutually exclusive mechanisms can lead to range limits within a single species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Micheletti
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Storfer
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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181
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Muehleisen AJ, Engelbrecht BMJ, Jones FA, Manzané-Pinzón E, Comita LS. Local adaptation to herbivory within tropical tree species along a rainfall gradient. Ecology 2020; 101:e03151. [PMID: 32730633 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In tropical forests, insect herbivores exert significant pressure on plant populations. Adaptation to such pressure is hypothesized to be a driver of high tropical diversity, but direct evidence for local adaptation to herbivory in tropical forests is sparse. At the same time, herbivore pressure has been hypothesized to increase with rainfall in the tropics, which could lead to differences among sites in the degree of local adaptation. To assess the presence of local adaptation and its interaction with rainfall, we compared herbivore damage on seedlings of local vs. nonlocal populations at sites differing in moisture availability in a reciprocal transplant experiment spanning a rainfall gradient in Panama. For 13 native tree species, seeds collected from multiple populations along the rainfall gradient were germinated in a shadehouse and then transplanted to experimental sites within the species range. We tracked the proportion of seedlings attacked over 1.5 yr and quantified the percentage of leaf area damaged at the end of the study. Seedlings originating from local populations were less likely to be attacked and experienced lower amounts of herbivore damage than those from nonlocal populations, but only on the wetter end of the rainfall gradient. However, overall herbivore damage was higher at the drier site compared to wetter sites, contrary to expectation. Taken together, these findings support the idea that herbivory can result in local adaptation within tropical tree species; however, the likelihood of local adaptation varies among sites because of environmentally driven differences in investment in defense or herbivore specialization or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Muehleisen
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
| | - Bettina M J Engelbrecht
- Department of Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Frank Andrew Jones
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama.,Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Eric Manzané-Pinzón
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Liza S Comita
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
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182
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Castledine M, Padfield D, Buckling A. Experimental (co)evolution in a multi-species microbial community results in local maladaptation. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1673-1681. [PMID: 32893477 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific coevolutionary interactions can result in rapid biotic adaptation, but most studies have focused only on species pairs. Here, we (co)evolved five microbial species in replicate polycultures and monocultures and quantified local adaptation. Specifically, growth rate assays were used to determine adaptations of each species' populations to (1) the presence of the other four species in general and (2) sympatric vs. allopatric communities. We found that species did not show an increase in net biotic adaptation:ancestral, polyculture- and monoculture-evolved populations did not have significantly different growth rates within communities. However, 4/5 species' growth rates were significantly lower within the community they evolved in relative to an allopatric community. 'Local maladaptation' suggests that species evolved increased competitive interactions to sympatric species' populations. This increased competition did not affect community stability or productivity. Our results suggest that (co)evolution within communities can increase competitive interactions that are specific to (co)evolved community members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan Castledine
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Daniel Padfield
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Angus Buckling
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
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183
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Barbasch TA, Rueger T, Srinivasan M, Wong MYL, Jones GP, Buston PM. Substantial plasticity of reproduction and parental care in response to local resource availability in a wild clownfish population. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Theresa Rueger
- Dept of Biology and Marine Program, Boston Univ. Boston MA USA
| | - Maya Srinivasan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook Univ. Townsville QLD Australia
| | - Marian Y. L. Wong
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystems Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Geoffrey P. Jones
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook Univ. Townsville QLD Australia
| | - Peter M. Buston
- Dept of Biology and Marine Program, Boston Univ. Boston MA USA
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184
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Magnoli SM. Rapid adaptation (or not) in restored plant populations. Evol Appl 2020; 13:2030-2037. [PMID: 32908602 PMCID: PMC7463322 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mismatches between the traits of a colonizing population and a novel habitat can generate strong selection, potentially resulting in rapid adaptation. However, for most colonization events, it can be difficult to detect rapid adaptation or distinguish it from nonadaptive evolutionary changes. Here, I take advantage of a replicated prairie restoration experiment to compare recently established plant populations in two closely located restored prairies to each other and to their shared source population to test for rapid adaptation. Using a reciprocal transplant experiment six years after the populations were established, I found that one restored plant population showed evidence of adaptation, outperforming the other restored population when grown at its home site. In contrast, I detected no evidence for adaptation at the other site. These findings demonstrate that while rapid adaptation can occur in colonizing plant populations, it may not be the rule. Better understanding of when adaptation may or may not occur in these contexts may help us use evolution to our advantage, potentially improving establishment of desirable species in restored habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Magnoli
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityHickory CornersMIUSA
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185
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Anderson J, Song BH. Plant adaptation to climate change - Where are we? JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 58:533-545. [PMID: 33584833 PMCID: PMC7875155 DOI: 10.1111/jse.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate change poses critical challenges for population persistence in natural communities, agriculture and environmental sustainability, and food security. In this review, we discuss recent progress in climatic adaptation in plants. We evaluate whether climate change exerts novel selection and disrupts local adaptation, whether gene flow can facilitate adaptive responses to climate change, and if adaptive phenotypic plasticity could sustain populations in the short term. Furthermore, we discuss how climate change influences species interactions. Through a more in-depth understanding of these eco-evolutionary dynamics, we will increase our capacity to predict the adaptive potential of plants under climate change. In addition, we review studies that dissect the genetic basis of plant adaptation to climate change. Finally, we highlight key research gaps, ranging from validating gene function, to elucidating molecular mechanisms, expanding research systems from model species to other natural species, testing the fitness consequences of alleles in natural environments, and designing multifactorial studies that more closely reflect the complex and interactive effects of multiple climate change factors. By leveraging interdisciplinary tools (e.g., cutting-edge omics toolkits, novel ecological strategies, newly-developed genome editing technology), researchers can more accurately predict the probability that species can persist through this rapid and intense period of environmental change, as well as cultivate crops to withstand climate change, and conserve biodiversity in natural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Anderson
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Authors for correspondence. Bao-Hua Song. ; Jill Anderson.
| | - Bao-Hua Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
- Authors for correspondence. Bao-Hua Song. ; Jill Anderson.
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186
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Sieger CS, Hovestadt T. The degree of spatial variation relative to temporal variation influences evolution of dispersal. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Sophie Sieger
- Dept. Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biozentrum, Universität Würzburg Emil‐Fischer‐Str. 32 DE‐97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Thomas Hovestadt
- Dept. Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biozentrum, Universität Würzburg Emil‐Fischer‐Str. 32 DE‐97074 Würzburg Germany
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187
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VanWallendael A, Bonnette J, Juenger TE, Fritschi FB, Fay PA, Mitchell RB, Lloyd-Reilley J, Rouquette FM, Bergstrom GC, Lowry DB. Geographic variation in the genetic basis of resistance to leaf rust between locally adapted ecotypes of the biofuel crop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1696-1708. [PMID: 32202657 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Local adaptation is an important process in plant evolution, which can be impacted by differential pathogen pressures along environmental gradients. However, the degree to which pathogen resistance loci vary in effect across space and time is incompletely described. To understand how the genetic architecture of resistance varies across time and geographic space, we quantified rust (Puccinia spp.) severity in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) plantings at eight locations across the central USA for 3 yr and conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping for rust progression. We mapped several variable QTLs, but two large-effect QTLs which we have named Prr1 and Prr2 were consistently associated with rust severity in multiple sites and years, particularly in northern sites. By contrast, there were numerous small-effect QTLs at southern sites, indicating a genotype-by-environment interaction in rust resistance loci. Interestingly, Prr1 and Prr2 had a strong epistatic interaction, which also varied in the strength and direction of effect across space. Our results suggest that abiotic factors covarying with latitude interact with the genetic loci underlying plant resistance to control rust infection severity. Furthermore, our results indicate that segregating genetic variation in epistatically interacting loci may play a key role in determining response to infection across geographic space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acer VanWallendael
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jason Bonnette
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Felix B Fritschi
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Philip A Fay
- Soil and Water Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS Grassland, Temple, TX, 76508, USA
| | - Robert B Mitchell
- USDA-ARS Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - John Lloyd-Reilley
- USDA-NRCS, Kika de la Garza Plant Materials Center, Kingsville, TX, 78572, USA
| | - Francis M Rouquette
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Overton, TX, 75684, USA
| | - Gary C Bergstrom
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - David B Lowry
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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188
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Mortier F, Bonte D. Trapped by habitat choice: Ecological trap emerging from adaptation in an evolutionary experiment. Evol Appl 2020; 13:1877-1887. [PMID: 32908592 PMCID: PMC7463321 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals moving in heterogeneous environments can improve their fitness considerably by habitat choice. Induction by past exposure, genetic preference alleles and comparison of local performances can all drive this decision-making process. Despite the importance of habitat choice mechanisms for eco-evolutionary dynamics in metapopulations, we lack insights on the connection of their cue with its effect on fitness optimization. We selected a laboratory population of Tetranychus urticae Koch (two-spotted spider mite) according to three distinct host-choice selection treatments for ten generations. Additionally, we tested the presence of induced habitat choice mechanisms and quantified the adaptive value of a choice before and after ten generations of artificial selection in order to gather insight on the habitat choice mechanisms at play. Unexpectedly, we observed no evolution of habitat choice in our experimental system: the initial choice of cucumber over tomato remained. However, this choice became maladaptive as tomato ensured a higher fitness at the end of the experiment. Furthermore, a noteworthy proportion of induced habitat choice can modify this ecological trap depending on past environments. Despite abundant theory and applied relevance, we provide the first experimental evidence of an emerging trap. The maladaptive choice also illustrates the constraints habitat choice has in rescuing populations endangered by environmental challenges or in pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Mortier
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
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189
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Davidson BE, Germino MJ. Spatial grain of adaptation is much finer than ecoregional-scale common gardens reveal. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:9920-9931. [PMID: 33005354 PMCID: PMC7520178 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive variation among plant populations must be known for effective conservation and restoration of imperiled species and predicting their responses to a changing climate. Common-garden experiments, in which plants sourced from geographically distant populations are grown together such that genetic differences may be expressed, have provided much insight on adaptive variation. Common-garden experiments also form the foundation for climate-based seed-transfer guidelines. However, the spatial scale at which population differentiation occurs is rarely addressed, leaving a critical information gap for parameterizing seed-transfer guidelines and assessing species' climate vulnerability. We asked whether adaptation was evident among populations of a foundational perennial within a single "empirical" seed-transfer zone (based on previous common-garden findings evaluating very distant populations) but different "provisional" seed zones (groupings of areas of similar climate and are not parameterized from common-garden data). Seedlings from three populations originating from similar conditions within an intermediate elevation were planted into gardens nearby at the same elevation, or 250-450 m higher or lower in elevation and 0.4-25 km away. Substantial variation was observed between gardens in survival (ranging 2%-99%), foliar crown volume (7.8-22.6 dm3), and reproductive effort (0%-65%), but not among the three transplanted populations. The between garden variation was inversely related to climatic differences between the gardens and seed-source populations, specifically the site differences in maximum-minimum annual temperatures. Results suggest that substantial site-specificity in adaptation can occur at finer scales than is accounted for in empirical seed-transfer guidance when the guidance is derived from broadscale common-garden studies. Being within the same empirical seed zone, geographic unit, and even within 10 km distance may not qualify as "local" in the context of seed transfer. Moving forward, designing common-garden experiments so that they allow for testing the scale of adaptation will help in translating the resulting seed-transfer guidance to restoration projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill E. Davidson
- Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science CenterU.S. Geological SurveyBoiseIDUSA
| | - Matthew J. Germino
- Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science CenterU.S. Geological SurveyBoiseIDUSA
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190
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The Net Effect of Functional Traits on Fitness. Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 35:1037-1047. [PMID: 32807503 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Generalizing the effect of traits on performance across species may be achievable if traits explain variation in population fitness. However, testing relationships between traits and vital rates to infer effects on fitness can be misleading. Demographic trade-offs can generate variation in vital rates that yield equal population growth rates, thereby obscuring the net effect of traits on fitness. To address this problem, we describe a diversity of approaches to quantify intrinsic growth rates of plant populations, including experiments beyond range boundaries, density-dependent population models built from long-term demographic data, theoretical models, and methods that leverage widely available monitoring data. Linking plant traits directly to intrinsic growth rates is a fundamental step toward rigorous predictions of population dynamics and community assembly.
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191
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Benes K, Bracken MES. Interactive effects of large- and local-scale environmental gradients on phenotypic differentiation. Ecology 2020; 101:e03078. [PMID: 32542682 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Intraspecific differentiation across a steep environmental gradient depends on the relative influences of evolutionary, organismal, and environmental processes. But steep environmental gradients may be nested within larger-scale, regional conditions that could influence these processes at the local scale. Therefore, we hypothesized that phenotypic differentiation along a steep environmental gradient would vary among regions. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment on rocky intertidal shores, a habitat characterized by gradients in abiotic and biotic stress, in three regions of the Gulf of Maine. We used the ubiquitous and ecologically important rockweed species Fucus vesiculosus to quantify differentiation in growth, tissue nitrogen, and nitrogen productivity between upper and lower intertidal individuals. We found that phenotypic differentiation between tide heights varied among traits and regions. Although tissue nitrogen did not vary among any treatment combinations, growth and nitrogen productivity response were region specific. A strong effect of transplant height was found in all regions; however, an effect of home (source) height was only detectable in the central Gulf of Maine. Our study reveals that intraspecific responses to steep environmental gradients vary among populations, but the mechanisms underlying these patterns remain unknown. Given the roles that rockweeds play as food and habitat, these in situ patterns of growth and nitrogen productivity could have important community- and ecosystem-level consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylla Benes
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, California, 92697-2525, USA
- Davidson Honors College, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| | - Matthew E S Bracken
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, California, 92697-2525, USA
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192
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Marin S, Gibert A, Archambeau J, Bonhomme V, Lascoste M, Pujol B. Potential adaptive divergence between subspecies and populations of snapdragon plants inferred from Q ST -F ST comparisons. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:3010-3021. [PMID: 32652730 PMCID: PMC7540467 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic divergence among natural populations can be explained by natural selection or by neutral processes such as drift. Many examples in the literature compare putatively neutral (FST ) and quantitative genetic (QST ) differentiation in multiple populations to assess their evolutionary signature and identify candidate traits involved with local adaptation. Investigating these signatures in closely related or recently diversified species has the potential to shed light on the divergence processes acting at the interspecific level. Here, we conducted this comparison in two subspecies of snapdragon plants (eight populations of Antirrhinum majus pseudomajus and five populations of A. m. striatum) in a common garden experiment. We also tested whether altitude was involved with population phenotypic divergence. Our results identified candidate phenological and morphological traits involved with local adaptation. Most of these traits were identified in one subspecies but not the other. Phenotypic divergence increased with altitude for a few biomass-related traits, but only in A. m. striatum. These traits therefore potentially reflect A. m. striatum adaptation to altitude. Our findings imply that adaptive processes potentially differ at the scale of A. majus subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Marin
- PSL Université Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan Cedex, France.,Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anaïs Gibert
- PSL Université Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan Cedex, France
| | | | - Vincent Bonhomme
- Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution (ISEM), Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Mylène Lascoste
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Benoit Pujol
- PSL Université Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan Cedex, France.,Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, Toulouse, France
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193
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Tinghitella RM, Lackey ACR, Durso C, Koop JAH, Boughman JW. The ecological stage changes benefits of mate choice and drives preference divergence. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190546. [PMID: 32654644 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Preference divergence is thought to contribute to reproductive isolation. Ecology can alter the way selection acts on female preferences, making them most likely to diverge when ecological conditions vary among populations. We present a novel mechanism for ecologically dependent sexual selection, termed 'the ecological stage' to highlight its ecological dependence. Our hypothesized mechanism emphasizes that males and females interact over mating in a specific ecological context, and different ecological conditions change the costs and benefits of mating interactions, selecting for different preferences in distinct environments and different male traits, especially when traits are condition dependent. We test key predictions of this mechanism in a sympatric three-spine stickleback species pair. We used a maternal half-sib split-clutch design for both species, mating females to attractive and unattractive males and raising progeny on alternate diets that mimic the specialized diets of the species in nature. We estimated the benefits of mate choice for an indicator trait (male nuptial colour) by measuring many fitness components across the lifetimes of both sons and daughters from these crosses. We analysed fitness data using a combination of aster and mixed models. We found that many benefits of mating with high-colour males depended on both species and diet. These results support the ecological stage hypothesis for sticklebacks. Finally, we discuss the potential role of this mechanism for other taxa and highlight its ability to enhance reproductive isolation as speciation proceeds, thus facilitating the evolution of strong reproductive isolation. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards the completion of speciation: the evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alycia C R Lackey
- Biological Sciences Department, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Catherine Durso
- Engineering and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer A H Koop
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Janette W Boughman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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194
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Stamp MA, Hadfield JD. The relative importance of plasticity versus genetic differentiation in explaining between population differences; a meta‐analysis. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1432-1441. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. Stamp
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
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195
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Ehmig M, Linder HP. Unexpected diversity and evolutionary lability in root architectural ecomorphs in the rushes of the hyperdiverse Cape flora. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:216-231. [PMID: 32129895 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants use roots to access soil resources, so differences in root traits and their ecological consequences could be a mechanism of species coexistence and niche divergence. Current views of the evolution of root diversity are informed by large-scale evolutionary analyses based on taxonomically coarse sampling and led to the 'root trait phylogenetic conservatism hypothesis'. Here we test this hypothesised conservatism among closely related species, and whether root variation plays an ecological role. We collected root architectural traits for the species-rich Cape rushes (Restionaceae) in the field and from herbaria. We used machine learning to interpolate missing data. Using model-based clustering we classified root syndromes. We modelled the proportion of the syndromes along environmental gradients using assemblages and environmental data of 735 plots. We fitted trait evolutionary models to test for the conservatism hypothesis. We recognised five root syndromes. Responses to environmental gradients are syndrome specific and thus these represent ecomorphs. Trait evolutionary models reveal an evolutionary lability in these ecomorphs. This could present the mechanistic underpinning of the taxonomic radiation of this group which has been linked to repeated habitat shifts. Our results challenge the perspective of strong phylogenetic conservatism and root trait evolution may more generally drive diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merten Ehmig
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstr. 107, CH 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Peter Linder
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstr. 107, CH 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
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196
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Gauzere J, Klein EK, Brendel O, Davi H, Oddou-Muratorio S. Microgeographic adaptation and the effect of pollen flow on the adaptive potential of a temperate tree species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:641-653. [PMID: 32167572 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In species with long-distance dispersal capacities and inhabiting a large ecological niche, local selection and gene flow are expected to be major evolutionary forces affecting the genetic adaptation of natural populations. Yet, in species such as trees, evidence of microgeographic adaptation and the quantitative assessment of the impact of gene flow on adaptive genetic variation are still limited. Here, we used extensive genetic and phenotypic data from European beech seedlings collected along an elevation gradient, and grown in a common garden, to study the signature of selection on the divergence of eleven potentially adaptive traits, and to assess the role of gene flow in resupplying adaptive genetic variation. We found a significant signal of adaptive differentiation among plots separated by < 1 km, with selection acting on growth and phenological traits. Consistent with theoretical expectations, our results suggest that pollen dispersal contributes to increase genetic diversity for these locally differentiated traits. Our results thus highlight that local selection is an important evolutionary force in natural tree populations and suggest that management interventions to facilitate movement of gametes along short ecological gradients would boost genetic diversity of individual tree populations, and enhance their adaptive potential to rapidly changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gauzere
- INRAE, URFM, Avignon, 84000, France
- INRAE, BioSP, Avignon, 84000, France
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK
| | | | - Oliver Brendel
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, Nancy, 54000, France
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197
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Barga SC, Olwell P, Edwards F, Prescott L, Leger EA. Seeds of Success: A conservation and restoration investment in the future of U.S.lands. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Barga
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Nevada, Reno Reno Nevada USA
- United States Department of Agriculture Forest ServiceRocky Mountain Research Station Boise Idaho USA
| | - Peggy Olwell
- Plant Conservation and Restoration Program, Bureau of Land Management Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Fred Edwards
- Plant Conservation and Restoration Program, Bureau of Land Management Washington District of Columbia USA
- Bureau of Land Management Reno Nevada USA
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198
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Henriques GJB, Osmond MM. Cooperation can promote rescue or lead to evolutionary suicide during environmental change. Evolution 2020; 74:1255-1273. [PMID: 32614158 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The adaptation of populations to changing conditions may be affected by interactions between individuals. For example, when cooperative interactions increase fecundity, they may allow populations to maintain high densities and thus keep track of moving environmental optima. Simultaneously, changes in population density alter the marginal benefits of cooperative investments, creating a feedback loop between population dynamics and the evolution of cooperation. Here we model how the evolution of cooperation interacts with adaptation to changing environments. We hypothesize that environmental change lowers population size and thus promotes the evolution of cooperation, and that this, in turn, helps the population keep up with the moving optimum. However, we find that the evolution of cooperation can have qualitatively different effects, depending on which fitness component is reduced by the costs of cooperation. If the costs decrease fecundity, cooperation indeed speeds adaptation by increasing population density; if, in contrast, the costs decrease viability, cooperation may instead slow adaptation by lowering the effective population size, leading to evolutionary suicide. Thus, cooperation can either promote or-counterintuitively-hinder adaptation to a changing environment. Finally, we show that our model can also be generalized to other social interactions by discussing the evolution of competition during environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil J B Henriques
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Matthew M Osmond
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, 95616
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199
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Radersma R, Noble DWA, Uller T. Plasticity leaves a phenotypic signature during local adaptation. Evol Lett 2020; 4:360-370. [PMID: 32774884 PMCID: PMC7403707 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic responses to a novel or extreme environment are initially plastic, only later to be followed by genetic change. Whether or not environmentally induced phenotypes are sufficiently recurrent and fit to leave a signature in adaptive evolution is debated. Here, we analyze multivariate data from 34 plant reciprocal transplant studies to test: (1) if plasticity is an adaptive source of developmental bias that makes locally adapted populations resemble the environmentally induced phenotypes of ancestors; and (2) if plasticity, standing phenotypic variation and genetic divergence align during local adaptation. Phenotypic variation increased marginally in foreign environments but, as predicted, the direction of ancestral plasticity was generally well aligned with the phenotypic difference between locally adapted populations, making plasticity appear to "take the lead" in adaptive evolution. Plastic responses were sometimes more extreme than the phenotypes of locally adapted plants, which can give the impression that plasticity and evolutionary adaptation oppose each other; however, environmentally induced and locally adapted phenotypes were rarely misaligned. Adaptive fine‐tuning of phenotypes—genetic accommodation—did not fall along the main axis of standing phenotypic variation or the direction of plasticity, and local adaptation did not consistently modify the direction or magnitude of plasticity. These results suggest that plasticity is a persistent source of developmental bias that shapes how plant populations adapt to environmental change, even when plasticity does not constrain how populations respond to selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinder Radersma
- Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden.,Biometris Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Daniel W A Noble
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Tobias Uller
- Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
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200
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Walter GM, Catara S, Bridle JR, Cristaudo A. Population variation in early development can determine ecological resilience in response to environmental change. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1312-1324. [PMID: 31990993 PMCID: PMC7317736 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As climate change transforms seasonal patterns of temperature and precipitation, germination success at marginal temperatures will become critical for the long-term persistence of many plant species and communities. If populations vary in their environmental sensitivity to marginal temperatures across a species' geographical range, populations that respond better to future environmental extremes are likely to be critical for maintaining ecological resilience of the species. Using seeds from two to six populations for each of nine species of Mediterranean plants, we characterized patterns of among-population variation in environmental sensitivity by quantifying genotype-by-environment interactions (G × E) for germination success at temperature extremes, and under two light regimes representing conditions below and above the soil surface. For eight of nine species tested at hot and cold marginal temperatures, we observed substantial among-population variation in environmental sensitivity for germination success, and this often depended on the light treatment. Importantly, different populations often performed best at different environmental extremes. Our results demonstrate that ongoing changes in temperature regime will affect the phenology, fitness, and demography of different populations within the same species differently. We show that quantifying patterns of G × E for multiple populations, and understanding how such patterns arise, can test mechanisms that promote ecological resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg M. Walter
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolBS8 1TQUK
| | - Stefania Catara
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CataniaCatania95128Italy
| | - Jon R. Bridle
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolBS8 1TQUK
| | - Antonia Cristaudo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CataniaCatania95128Italy
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