151
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Buitrago E, Novello AM, Meyer T. Third‐Generation Solar Cells: Toxicity and Risk of Exposure. Helv Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elina Buitrago
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Safety Competence Center (DSPS-SCC) Station 6 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Group of Chemical and Physical Safety (ISIC-GSCP) Station 6 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Anna Maria Novello
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Safety Competence Center (DSPS-SCC) Station 6 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Group of Chemical and Physical Safety (ISIC-GSCP) Station 6 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Thierry Meyer
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Safety Competence Center (DSPS-SCC) Station 6 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Group of Chemical and Physical Safety (ISIC-GSCP) Station 6 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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152
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Jiang C, Zhao P, Li W, Tang Y, Liu G. In silico prediction of chemical neurotoxicity using machine learning. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:164-172. [PMID: 32670548 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotoxicity is one of the main causes of drug withdrawal, and the biological experimental methods of detecting neurotoxic toxicity are time-consuming and laborious. In addition, the existing computational prediction models of neurotoxicity still have some shortcomings. In response to these shortcomings, we collected a large number of data set of neurotoxicity and used PyBioMed molecular descriptors and eight machine learning algorithms to construct regression prediction models of chemical neurotoxicity. Through the cross-validation and test set validation of the models, it was found that the extra-trees regressor model had the best predictive effect on neurotoxicity ([Formula: see text] = 0.784). In addition, we get the applicability domain of the models by calculating the standard deviation distance and the lever distance of the training set. We also found that some molecular descriptors are closely related to neurotoxicity by calculating the contribution of the molecular descriptors to the models. Considering the accuracy of the regression models, we recommend using the extra-trees regressor model to predict the chemical autonomic neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Piaopiao Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200237, China
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153
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Koosha E, Shamsipur M, Salimi F, Ramezani M. A microextraction method based on precipitation for the simultaneous separation and preconcentration of cadmium and lead before their determination by FAAS: experimental design methodology. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1788597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Koosha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Salimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
| | - Majid Ramezani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
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154
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Pavilonis B, Maroko A, Cheng Z. Lead in New York City's soils: Population growth, land use, and contamination. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 229:113564. [PMID: 32554253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Soil is an important exposure pathway for lead (Pb) and predictor of blood lead levels (BLL) among children. Over the past two decades, many areas within New York City (NYC) have undergone a transition from industrial and manufacturing land use to residential housing. This can bring new residents to areas which contain the legacy of historic Pb contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the difference in soil Pb concentrations between community parks and greenspaces in areas undergoing rapid redevelopment and land use changes and stable areas without redevelopment. Three high- and three low-risk Pb contaminated areas within NYC were identified based on an additive index that included population growth, industrial land use, and new construction. Soil samples (n=358) were collected across 34 parks and analyzed with an XRF with a subset also analyzed by ICP-MS. Areas within NYC, evaluated in this study, with a high-risk index had significantly (p<0.0001) larger mean concentrations of Pb in soil (374 mg/kg vs. 150 mg/kg, respectively) and double the rate of children under the age of six years with BLL > 5ug/dL (37.94 vs. 18.72 per 1000, respectively) compared to low-risk areas. There was a statistically significant (p <0.05) positive correlation between street density, manufacturing/industrial land density and population density change within 0.40 km of a park and soil Pb concentrations. However, we were unable to estimate the source-specific contribution of Pb concentrations in soil, since many of the variables assessed were correlated with one another. Regardless of the source, large population increases are occurring in areas with elevated soil Pb levels. In the three high-risk areas investigated in this study, the population has increased by over 35,000 residents between 2010 to 2017 compared to just 8,500 in the low-risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Pavilonis
- The CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, USA.
| | - Andrew Maroko
- The CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, USA
| | - Zhongqi Cheng
- Brooklyn College, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, USA
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155
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Lead, Mercury and Cadmium in Fish and Shellfish from the Indian Ocean and Red Sea (African Countries): Public Health Challenges. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8050344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this review was to assess the incidence of Pb, Hg and Cd in seafood from African countries on the Indian and the Red Sea coasts and the level of their monitoring and control, where the direct consumption of seafood without quality control are frequently due to the poverty in many African countries. Some seafood from African Indian and the Red Sea coasts such as mollusks and fishes have presented Cd, Pb and Hg concentrations higher than permitted limit by FAOUN/EU regulations, indicating a possible threat to public health. Thus, the operationalization of the heavy metals (HM) monitoring and control is strongly recommended since these countries have laboratories with minimal conditions for HM analysis.
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156
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Kponee-Shovein KZ, Weisskopf MG, Grashow R, Rotem RS, Coull BA, Schnaas L, Hernández-Chávez MDC, Sanchez B, Peterson K, Hu H, Téllez-Rojo MM. Estimating the causal effect of prenatal lead exposure on prepulse inhibition deficits in children and adolescents. Neurotoxicology 2020; 78:116-126. [PMID: 32126243 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, maternal lead from earlier exposures mobilizes and crosses placental barriers, placing the developing fetus at risk for lead exposure and neurodevelopmental deficits. Some neuronal circuits known to be affected in neurodevelopment disorders can be probed with simple physiological behavioral paradigms. One such neural biomarker is Pre-Pulse Inhibition (PPI), an indicator of adequate sensorimotor gating processing. In clinical studies, deficits in PPI have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in human subjects. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the use of PPI as a biomarker of toxicant effects on the brain in epidemiological studies. We aimed to estimate the causal effect of prenatal lead exposure, assessed by maternal cortical bone lead concentrations, on PPI in 279 children from Mexico City. in vivo maternal cortical bone lead measurements were taken at four weeks postpartum at the mid-tibia shaft using a K-Shell X-ray fluorescence instrument. PPI recording occurred in an isolated clinical setting and eye blink responses were measured using electromyography. We assessed if the conditions for causal inference held in our study and used the results of our assessment to estimate the causal effect of prenatal lead exposure on PPI using an ordinary least squares regression model, a marginal structural model, and the parametric g-formula. Results were consistent across the three modeling approaches. For the parametric g-formula, a one standard deviation (10.0 μg/g) increase in prenatal lead significantly reduced PPI by approximately 19.0 % (95 % CI: 5.4 %, 34.3 %). This decrease is similar in magnitude to clinical studies on schizophrenia, which have observed PPI impairments in patients with schizophrenia as compared to controls. Our results are consistent with findings from other studies establishing an association between lead exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders in children and suggest that PPI may be useful as an objective biomarker of toxicant effects on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalé Z Kponee-Shovein
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Grashow
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ran S Rotem
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Departments of Biostatistics and Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Division of Research in Community Interventions, Instituto Nacional De Perinatología Isidro Espinosa De Los Reyes, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Maria Del Carmen Hernández-Chávez
- Division of Research in Community Interventions, Instituto Nacional De Perinatología Isidro Espinosa De Los Reyes, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Brisa Sanchez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Karen Peterson
- Departments of Global Public Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Howard Hu
- University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico
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157
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Eqani SAMAS, Khuram F, Alamdar A, Tahir A, Shah STA, Nasir A, Javed S, Bibi N, Hussain A, Rasheed H, Shen H. Environmental exposure pathway analysis of trace elements and autism risk in Pakistani children population. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:136471. [PMID: 31927446 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of industrialization and urbanization in developing countries disrupt the fragile environment, resulting in biogeochemical extra-emission of the trace elements into human inhabitance causing serious health concerns. We aimed to determine the associations between Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk and exposure to trace elements (As, Zn, Ni, Pb, Hg, Cu, Cd, and Co), associations between the internal doses and environmental sources of these elements were also assessed. Genetic susceptibility to toxins was assessed through GSTT1 and GSTM1 null polymorphism analysis. Our results showed that lower BMI in children was significantly associated with ASD (p < 0.05, AOR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.98). As was significantly higher in both hair (p < 0.01, AOR = 18.29; 95% CI: 1.98, 169) and urine (p < 0.01, AOR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.06) samples from children with ASD; urinary Hg (p < 0.05, AOR = 2.90; 95% CI: 1.39, 6.07) and Pb (p < 0.05, AOR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.01, 3.77) were also positively associated with ASD. Regarding the genetic susceptibility, Cu was significantly associated with GSTM1 positive genotype (p < 0.05, AOR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.10). Children inhabiting the urban areas exposed to significantly higher levels of studied trace elements. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) values highlighted that the different land use settings resulted in children's source specific exposure to studied trace elements. The exposure pathway analysis showed that the distal factors of land-use settings associated with children increased exposure risk for most of the investigated elements, noticeably As, Pb and Hg associated with ASD prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ambreen Alamdar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Ayesha Tahir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Arshan Nasir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sundus Javed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Alamdar Hussain
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hifza Rasheed
- National Water Quality Laboratory, Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Heqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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158
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Reuben A, Elliott M, Caspi A. Implications of legacy lead for children's brain development. Nat Med 2020; 26:23-25. [PMID: 31932789 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Reuben
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maxwell Elliott
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. .,Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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159
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Meyer DN, Crofts EJ, Akemann C, Gurdziel K, Farr R, Baker BB, Weber D, Baker TR. Developmental exposure to Pb 2+ induces transgenerational changes to zebrafish brain transcriptome. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125527. [PMID: 31816550 PMCID: PMC7015790 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb2+) is a major public health hazard for urban children, with profound and well-characterized developmental and behavioral implications across the lifespan. The ability of early Pb2+ exposure to induce epigenetic changes is well-established, suggesting that Pb2+-induced neurobehavioral deficits may be heritable across generations. Understanding the long-term and multigenerational repercussions of lead exposure is crucial for clarifying both the genotypic alterations behind these behavioral outcomes and the potential mechanism of heritability. To study this, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos (<2 h post fertilization; EK strain) were exposed for 24 h to waterborne Pb2+ at a concentration of 10 μM. This exposed F0 generation was raised to adulthood and spawned to produce the F1 generation, which was subsequently spawned to produce the F2 generation. Previous avoidance conditioning studies determined that a 10 μM Pb2+ dose resulted in learning impairments persisting through the F2 generation. RNA was extracted from control- and 10 μM Pb2+-lineage F2 brains, (n = 10 for each group), sequenced, and transcript expression was quantified utilizing Quant-Seq. 648 genes were differentially expressed in the brains of F2 lead-lineage fish versus F2 control-lineage fish. Pathway analysis revealed altered genes in processes including synaptic function and plasticity, neurogenesis, endocrine homeostasis, and epigenetic modification, all of which are implicated in lead-induced neurobehavioral deficits and/or their inheritance. These data will inform future investigations to elucidate the mechanism of adult-onset and transgenerational health effects of developmental lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Emily J Crofts
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Camille Akemann
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Katherine Gurdziel
- Applied Genome Technology Center, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rebecca Farr
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bridget B Baker
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Daniel Weber
- Children's Environmental Health Sciences Core Center, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Tracie R Baker
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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160
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Levin-Schwartz Y, Gennings C, Claus Henn B, Coull BA, Placidi D, Lucchini R, Smith DR, Wright RO. Multi-media biomarkers: Integrating information to improve lead exposure assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109148. [PMID: 32004829 PMCID: PMC7167344 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure assessment traditionally relies on biomarkers that measure chemical concentrations in individual biological media (i.e., blood, urine, etc.). However, chemicals distribute unevenly among different biological media; thus, each medium provides incomplete information about body burden. We propose that machine learning and statistical approaches can create integrated exposure estimates from multiple biomarker matrices that better represent the overall body burden, which we term multi-media biomarkers (MMBs). We measured lead (Pb) in blood, urine, hair and nails from 251 Italian adolescents aged 11-14 years from the Public Health Impact of Metals Exposure (PHIME) cohort. We derived aggregated MMBs from the four biomarkers and then tested their association with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) IQ scores. We used three approaches to derive the Pb MMB: one supervised learning technique, weighted quantile sum regression (WQS), and two unsupervised learning techniques, independent component analysis (ICA) and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). Overall, the Pb MMB derived using WQS was most consistently associated with IQ scores and was the only method to be statistically significant for Verbal IQ, Performance IQ and Total IQ. A one standard deviation increase in the WQS MMB was associated with lower Verbal IQ (β [95% CI] = -2.2 points [-3.7, -0.6]), Performance IQ (-1.9 points [-3.5, -0.4]) and Total IQ (-2.1 points [-3.8, -0.5]). Blood Pb was negatively associated with only Verbal IQ, with a one standard deviation increase in blood Pb being associated with a -1.7 point (95% CI: [-3.3, -0.1]) decrease in Verbal IQ. Increases of one standard deviation in the ICA MMB were associated with lower Verbal IQ (-1.7 points [-3.3, -0.1]) and lower Total IQ (-1.7 points [-3.3, -0.1]). Similarly, an increase of one standard deviation in the NMF MMB was associated with lower Verbal IQ (-1.8 points [-3.4, -0.2]) and lower Total IQ (-1.8 points [-3.4, -0.2]). Weights highlighting the contributions of each medium to the MMB revealed that blood Pb was the largest contributor to most MMBs, although the weights varied from more than 80% for the ICA and NMF MMBs to between 30% and 54% for the WQS-derived MMBs. Our results suggest that MMBs better reflect the total body burden of a chemical that may be acting on target organs than individual biomarkers. Estimating MMBs improved our ability to estimate the full impact of Pb on IQ. Compared with individual Pb biomarkers, including blood, a Pb MMB derived using WQS was more strongly associated with IQ scores. MMBs may increase statistical power when the choice of exposure medium is unclear or when the sample size is small. Future work will need to validate these methods in other cohorts and for other chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Levin-Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Roberto Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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161
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Zhang S, Xiao M, Zhang Y, Li Y, Liu H, Han G, Rathi B, Lyu K, Wu L. Mimicking neuromelanin nanoparticles as a selective Pb2+ probe. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1105:208-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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162
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Mayel M, Hamzeh S, Rabori SS, Ghasemirad S, Zamani N, Hassanian-Moghaddam H. Intravenous calcium Gluconate alleviates Lead-induced abdominal pain, a randomized clinical trial. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 21:23. [PMID: 32188492 PMCID: PMC7079520 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-020-00403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2016, in a lead poisoning outbreak in Iran, physicians reported thousands of opium users who presented to emergency departments (EDs) with intractable severe abdominal pain which did not respond to any narcotic medication. During the same period of time, we investigated the efficacy of intravenous calcium gluconate in alleviating lead-induced abdominal pain. METHODS In a single-center, single blinded, randomized controlled trial, a convenient sample of adult opium-addicted patients who presented to an academic ED with abdominal pain and had an initial diagnosis of lead poisoning were included and randomly subjected to two treatment groups receiving conventional treatment (morphine 0.1 mg/kg + normal saline; group 1) and conventional treatment plus 1 g of intravenous calcium gluconate (group 2) to alleviate their abdominal pain. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was determined by each patient (0 to 100 mm) before treatment, and 15, 30, and 60 min after intervention. RESULTS A total of 50 patients (25 in each group) were enrolled. Blood lead levels, VAS scores before treatment, and mean administered dose of morphine were similar between the two groups. After treatment, mean VAS score dropped to 64.7± 10.4 vs. 67.1± 10.9 at 15 min (P = 0.437), 64.6± 10.9 vs. 58.0 ± 11.2 at 30 min (P = 0.041), and 63.8± 10.7 vs. 53.6± 10.9 at 60 min (P = 0.002) in groups 1 and 2, respectively. CONCLUSION Intravenous calcium gluconate administration along with morphine can improve abdominal pain in lead poisoning due to the ingestion of lead-contaminated opium. Further interventional studies are recommended to see if response to calcium salts in suspected lead-induced abdominal pain can rule in lead toxicity. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT20171009036661N2. Registered 27 May 2018 - Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Mayel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saleh Hamzeh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Salile Shahabi Rabori
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sareh Ghasemirad
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nasim Zamani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, South Karegar Street, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, South Karegar Street, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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163
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Hanhauser E, Bono MS, Vaishnav C, Hart AJ, Karnik R. Solid-Phase Extraction, Preservation, Storage, Transport, and Analysis of Trace Contaminants for Water Quality Monitoring of Heavy Metals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:2646-2657. [PMID: 32069029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Accurate quantification of trace contaminants currently requires collection, preservation, and transportation of large volumes (250-1000 mL) of water to centralized laboratories, which impedes monitoring of trace-level pollutants in many resource-limited environments. To overcome this logistical challenge, we propose a new paradigm for trace contaminant monitoring based on dry preservation: solid-phase extraction, preservation, storage, transport, and analysis of trace contaminants (SEPSTAT). We show that a few grams of low-cost, commercially available cation exchange resin can be repurposed to extract heavy metal cations from water samples even in the presence of background ions, dryly preserve these cations for at least 24 months, and release them by acid elution for accurate quantification. A compact, human-powered device incorporating the sorbent removes spiked contaminants from real water samples in a few minutes. The device can be stored and transported easily and produces a sample suitable for measurement by standard methods, predicting the original sample heavy metal concentration generally within an error of 15%. These results suggest that, by facilitating the collection, storage, handling, and transportation of water samples and by enabling cost-effective use of high-throughput capital-intensive instruments, SEPSTAT has the potential to increase the ease and reach of water quality monitoring of trace contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hanhauser
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Tata Center for Technology and Design, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael S Bono
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Tata Center for Technology and Design, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chintan Vaishnav
- Tata Center for Technology and Design, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - A John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rohit Karnik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Nam SM, Choi SH, Cho HJ, Seo JS, Choi M, Nahm SS, Chang BJ, Nah SY. Ginseng Gintonin Attenuates Lead-Induced Rat Cerebellar Impairments during Gestation and Lactation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030385. [PMID: 32131481 PMCID: PMC7175158 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gintonin, a novel ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid receptor ligand, improves brain functions and protects neurons from oxidative stress. However, little is known about the effects of gintonin against Pb-induced brain maldevelopment. We investigated the protective effects of gintonin on the developing cerebellum after prenatal and postnatal Pb exposure. Pregnant female rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, Pb (0.3% Pb acetate in drinking water), and Pb plus gintonin (100 mg/kg, p.o.). Blood Pb was increased in dams and pups; gintonin treatment significantly decreased blood Pb. On postnatal day 21, the number of degenerating Purkinje cells was remarkably increased while the number of calbindin-, GAD67-, NMDAR1-, LPAR1-immunoreactive intact Purkinje cells, and GABA transporter 1-immunoreactive pinceau structures were significantly reduced in Pb-exposed offspring. Following Pb exposure, gintonin ameliorated cerebellar degenerative effects, restored increased pro-apoptotic Bax, and decreased anti-apoptotic Bcl2. Gintonin treatment attenuated Pb-induced accumulation of oxidative stress (Nrf2 and Mn-SOD) and inflammation (IL-1β and TNFα,), restoring the decreased cerebellar BDNF and Sirt1. Gintonin ameliorated Pb-induced impairment of myelin basic protein-immunoreactive myelinated fibers of Purkinje cells. Gintonin attenuated Pb-induced locomotor dysfunctions. The present study revealed the ameliorating effects of gintonin against Pb, suggesting the potential use of gintonin as a preventive agent in Pb poisoning during pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.M.N.); (J.S.S.); (M.C.); (S.-S.N.); (B.-J.C.)
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.-H.C.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Hee-Jung Cho
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.-H.C.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Jin Seok Seo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.M.N.); (J.S.S.); (M.C.); (S.-S.N.); (B.-J.C.)
| | - Minsuk Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.M.N.); (J.S.S.); (M.C.); (S.-S.N.); (B.-J.C.)
| | - Sang-Soep Nahm
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.M.N.); (J.S.S.); (M.C.); (S.-S.N.); (B.-J.C.)
| | - Byung-Joon Chang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.M.N.); (J.S.S.); (M.C.); (S.-S.N.); (B.-J.C.)
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.-H.C.); (H.-J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-450-4154
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165
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Health screenings administered during the domestic medical examination of refugees and other eligible immigrants in nine US states, 2014-2016: A cross-sectional analysis. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003065. [PMID: 32231391 PMCID: PMC7108694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Refugees and other select visa holders are recommended to receive a domestic medical examination within 90 days after arrival to the United States. Limited data have been published on the coverage of screenings offered during this examination across multiple resettlement states, preventing evaluation of this voluntary program's potential impact on postarrival refugee health. This analysis sought to calculate and compare screening proportions among refugees and other eligible populations to assess the domestic medical examination's impact on screening coverage resulting from this examination. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to summarize and compare domestic medical examination data from January 2014 to December 2016 from persons receiving a domestic medical examination in seven states (California, Colorado, Minnesota, New York, Kentucky, Illinois, and Texas); one county (Marion County, Indiana); and one academic medical center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. We analyzed screening coverage by sex, age, nationality, and country of last residence of persons and compared the proportions of persons receiving recommended screenings by those characteristics. We received data on disease screenings for 105,541 individuals who received a domestic medical examination; 47% were female and 51.5% were between the ages of 18 and 44. The proportions of people undergoing screening tests for infectious diseases were high, including for tuberculosis (91.6% screened), hepatitis B (95.8% screened), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; 80.3% screened). Screening rates for other health conditions were lower, including mental health (36.8% screened). The main limitation of our analysis was reliance on data that were collected primarily for programmatic rather than surveillance purposes. CONCLUSIONS In this analysis, we observed high rates of screening coverage for tuberculosis, hepatitis B, and HIV during the domestic medical examination and lower screening coverage for mental health. This analysis provided evidence that the domestic medical examination is an opportunity to ensure newly arrived refugees and other eligible populations receive recommended health screenings and are connected to the US healthcare system. We also identified knowledge gaps on how screenings are conducted for some conditions, notably mental health, identifying directions for future research.
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166
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Shah-Kulkarni S, Lee S, Jeong KS, Hong YC, Park H, Ha M, Kim Y, Ha EH. Prenatal exposure to mixtures of heavy metals and neurodevelopment in infants at 6 months. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109122. [PMID: 32069757 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to mixture of neurotoxic metals such as lead, mercury and cadmium occurs at a specific point of time. When exposed to metal mixtures, one metal may act as an agonist or antagonist to another metal. Thus, it is important to study the effects of exposure to a combination of metals on children's development using advance statistical methods. OBJECTIVES In this study, we explored the effects of prenatal metal exposure including lead, mercury and cadmium in early pregnancy (12-20 weeks), late pregnancy (>28 weeks), and at birth on neurodevelopment of infants at 6 months of age. METHODS We included 523 eligible mother-child pairs from the mothers and children environmental health (MOCEH) study, a prospective birth cohort study in Korea. We used linear regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and generalized additive models (GAM), to evaluate the effects of exposure to metal mixtures on neurodevelopment of infants aged 6 months. The Korean version of Bayley scale of infant and toddler development-II was used to measure the child's neurodevelopment. RESULTS Linear regression models showed a significant negative effect of lead exposure during late pregnancy on the mental development index (MDI) [β = -2.51 (-4.92, -0.10)] scores of infants aged 6 months following co-exposure to mercury. Further, linear regression analysis showed a significant interaction between late pregnancy lead and mercury concentrations. BKMR analysis showed similar results as those obtained in linear regression models. These results were also replicated in the GAM. Stratification analysis showed that greater than 50 percentile concentration of mercury in late pregnancy potentiated the adverse effects of lead in late pregnancy on MDI [β = -4.33 (-7.66, -1.00)] and psychomotor development index (PDI) [β = -5.30 (-9.13, -1.46)] at 6 months of age. Prenatal cadmium exposure did not show a significant association with MDI and PDI at 6 months in the linear regression or BKMR analysis. CONCLUSION Based on all the statistical methods used, we demonstrated the effect of combined exposure to metals on the neurodevelopment of infants aged 6 months, with significant interaction between lead and mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Shah-Kulkarni
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulbi Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sook Jeong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Ha
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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167
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Yabe J, Nakayama SM, Nakata H, Toyomaki H, Yohannes YB, Muzandu K, Kataba A, Zyambo G, Hiwatari M, Narita D, Yamada D, Hangoma P, Munyinda NS, Mufune T, Ikenaka Y, Choongo K, Ishizuka M. Current trends of blood lead levels, distribution patterns and exposure variations among household members in Kabwe, Zambia. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125412. [PMID: 31995873 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Childhood lead (Pb) poisoning has devastating effects on neurodevelopment and causes overt clinical signs including convulsions and coma. Health effects including hypertension and various reproductive problems have been reported in adults. Historical Pb mining in Zambia's Kabwe town left a legacy of environmental pollution and childhood Pb poisoning. The current study aimed at establishing the extent of Pb poisoning and exposure differences among family members in Kabwe as well as determining populations at risk and identify children eligible for chelation therapy. Blood samples were collected in July and August 2017 from 1190 household members and Pb was measured using a portable LeadCare-II analyser. Participants included 291 younger children (3-months to 3-years-old), 271 older children (4-9-years-old), 412 mothers and 216 fathers from 13 townships with diverse levels of Pb contamination. The Blood Lead Levels (BLL) ranged from 1.65 to 162 μg/dL, with residents from Kasanda (mean 45.7 μg/dL) recording the highest BLL while Hamududu residents recorded the lowest (mean 3.3 μg/dL). Of the total number of children sampled (n = 562), 23% exceeded the 45 μg/dL, the threshold required for chelation therapy. A few children (5) exceeded the 100 μg/dL whereas none of the parents exceeded the 100 μg/dL value. Children had higher BLL than parents, with peak BLL-recorded at the age of 2-years-old. Lead exposure differences in Kabwe were attributed to distance and direction from the mine, with younger children at highest risk. Exposure levels in parents were equally alarming. For prompt diagnosis and treatment, a portable point-of-care devise such as a LeadCare-II would be preferable in Kabwe.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Yabe
- The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Shouta Mm Nakayama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hokuto Nakata
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Haruya Toyomaki
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yared B Yohannes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kaampwe Muzandu
- The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Andrew Kataba
- The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Golden Zyambo
- The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Masato Hiwatari
- Faculty of Economics & Business, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0809, Japan
| | - Daiju Narita
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Daichi Yamada
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Peter Hangoma
- The University of Zambia, School of Public Health, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Tiza Mufune
- Ministry of Health, District Health Office, P.O. Box 80735, Kabwe, Zambia
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kennedy Choongo
- The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
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168
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Horton MK, Zheng L, Williams A, Doucette JT, Svensson K, Cory-Slechta D, Tamayo-Ortiz M, Torres-Calapiz M, Bellinger D, Schnaas L, Téllez Rojo MMM, Wright R. Using the delayed spatial alternation task to assess environmentally associated changes in working memory in very young children. Neurotoxicology 2020; 77:71-79. [PMID: 31857145 PMCID: PMC10129050 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working memory (WM) is critical for problem solving and reasoning. Beginning in infancy, children show WM capacity increasing with age but there are few validated tests of WM in very young children. Because rapid brain development may increase susceptibility to adverse impacts of prenatal neurotoxicant exposure, such as lead, tests of WM in very young children would help to delineate onset of developmental problems and windows of susceptibility. PURPOSE Our objective was to assess the feasibility of administering a Delayed Spatial Alternation Task (DSAT) to measure WM among 18- and 24-month old children enrolled in an ongoing longitudinal birth cohort study and compare DSAT performance with age and general cognitive development. We further explored whether prenatal lead exposure impacted DSAT performance. METHODS We assessed 457 mother-child pairs participating in the Programming Research in Obesity, GRowth, Environment and Social Stressors (PROGRESS) Study in Mexico City. The DSAT and Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-III) were administered at 18- and 24-months. Lead was measured in maternal blood collected during pregnancy (MBPb) and in a subsample of children at 24-months (CBPb). We regressed DSAT measures on MBPb and CBPb, child sex, and maternal age, education, socioeconomic status, and household smoking. We compared DSAT performance to BSID-III performance with adjusted residuals. RESULTS 24-month children perform better on the DSAT than 18-month children; 24-month subjects reached a higher level on the DSAT (3.3 (0.86) vs. 2.4 (0.97), p < 0.01), and had a higher number of correct responses (20.3 vs. 17.2, p < 0.01). In all DSAT parameters, females performed better than males. Maternal education predicted better DSAT performance; household smoking predicted worse DSAT performance. A higher number of correct responses was associated with higher BSID-III Cognitive scales at 18 months (r = 0.20, p < 0.01) and 24 months (r = 0.27, p < 0.01). MBPb and CPBb did not significantly predict DSAT performance. CONCLUSION Improved performance on the DSAT with increasing age, the positive correlation with the BSID-III cognitive and language scales and the correlation with common sociodemographic predictors of neurodevelopment demonstrate the validity of the DSAT as a test of infant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Laura Zheng
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ashley Williams
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - John T Doucette
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Deborah Cory-Slechta
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico; National Council of Science and Technology, CONTACY, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - David Bellinger
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Division of Research in Community Interventions, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Robert Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Dube T, Chibanda M, Manhire B, Rutanhira C, Mabugu C, Makaka C, Makaure J, Muteveri T. Sewage Effluent Causes Metal Pollution of a Sub-tropical River System in Zimbabwe. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:339-344. [PMID: 31989189 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal pollutants are persistent in the environment and of concern to human health. The aim of the study was to assess the distribution of metals (Cr, Fe, Pb, Mg and Cu) in Sebakwe River. Water and sediment samples were collected from upstream reference sites (4 and 5) and influenced downstream sites (1, 2 and 3) of the sewage effluent discharge point. Pb concentrations in water were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in sites 1 and 2 downstream of the sewage discharge point. In the sediments, the sites downstream of the effluent discharge point had significantly higher concentrations of Cu (p < 0.05) and Cr (p < 0.05). A comparison of metal concentration in water with World Health Organization and Standards Association of Zimbabwe standards revealed that the levels of Pb in water were above the recommended limits, posing a health risk to Pb poisoning for people living along Sebakwe River.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dube
- Department of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology, Midlands State University, 1 Senga Rd, Gweru, Zimbabwe.
| | - M Chibanda
- Department of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology, Midlands State University, 1 Senga Rd, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - B Manhire
- Department of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology, Midlands State University, 1 Senga Rd, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - C Rutanhira
- Department of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology, Midlands State University, 1 Senga Rd, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - C Mabugu
- Department of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology, Midlands State University, 1 Senga Rd, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - C Makaka
- Department of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology, Midlands State University, 1 Senga Rd, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - J Makaure
- Department of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology, Midlands State University, 1 Senga Rd, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - T Muteveri
- Department of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology, Midlands State University, 1 Senga Rd, Gweru, Zimbabwe
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Tighe M, Bielski M, Wilson M, Ruscio-Atkinson G, Peaslee GF, Lieberman M. A Sensitive XRF Screening Method for Lead in Drinking Water. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4949-4953. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meghanne Tighe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Margaret Bielski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mark Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - George Ruscio-Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Graham F. Peaslee
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Marya Lieberman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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171
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Positive and inverse correlation of blood lead level with erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and intelligence quotient in children: implications for neurotoxicity. Interdiscip Toxicol 2020; 12:136-142. [PMID: 32210702 PMCID: PMC7085300 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2019-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood lead level (BLL) is insufficiently sensitive for early detection of Lead-induced neurotoxicity (LIN). This study determined the possible role of the combination of BLL, intelligent quotient (IQ) and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the early detection of LIN in Children. Apparently healthy children (n=309) from eight public primary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria were recruited and classified into: children with Elevated BLL (EBLL) and children with Acceptable BLL (control) based on CDC cut-off for childhood lead exposure. Neurological indices (speech, memory, cranial nerves and cerebellar functions), IQ, BLL and erythrocyte AChE activity were assessed using standard methods, Standard Progressive Matrices, AAS and HPLC respectively. Statistical analysis involved Student’s t-test, Pearson’s correlation and multivariate regression. p<0.05 was considered significant. There were 169 (54.7%) children with EBLL while there were 140 (45.3%) control children. Both groups exhibited normal speech, memory, cranial nerves and cerebellar functions. However, IQ was lower in EBLL children (85.9±11.6) compared with control (91.5±14.0) while BLL and AChE activity were higher in EBLL children (0.4±0.1 μmol/l; 117.5±25.5 μkat/l) compared with control (0.2±0.0 μmol/l; 59.4±10.2 μkat/l). BLL showed inverse correlation with IQ (r=–0.134, p=0.019) but positive correlation with AChE (r=0.978, p≤0.001). 16.2% of the observed variation in BLL could be accounted for by AChE using the equation; [BLL=–0.007+0.003 AChE] p<0.05. Elevated blood lead level is prevalent among the school children and appears to have adverse effect on their IQ. Erythrocyte AChE could be a promising marker for early recognition of significant environmental lead exposure and lead-induced neurotoxicity in children.
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172
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Katti S, Igumenova TI. Interference of pH buffer with Pb 2+-peripheral domain interactions: obstacle or opportunity? Metallomics 2020; 12:164-172. [PMID: 32051983 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00002g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pb2+ is a xenobiotic metal ion that competes for Ca2+-binding sites in proteins. Using the peripheral Ca2+-sensing domains of Syt1, we show that the chelating pH buffer Bis-Tris enables identification and functional characterization of high-affinity Pb2+ sites that are likely to be targeted by bioavailable Pb2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Katti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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173
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Wahab MIA, Razak WMAA, Sahani M, Khan MF. Characteristics and health effect of heavy metals on non-exhaust road dusts in Kuala Lumpur. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:135535. [PMID: 31767333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the concentrations and health effect of trace metals [cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn)] on the road dust of selected locations in the city of Kuala Lumpur. Sampling was conducted thrice at four locations, namely, Tun Razak Road, Raja Abdullah Road, Tunku Abdul Rahman (TAR) Road, and Ayer Molek Road. The concentrations of trace metals in road dust were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. TAR Road presented the highest Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb contents compared with the other roads. The pollution level of trace metals in road dust was assessed by pollution index and pollution load index (PLI), showing that all studied locations were highly contaminated except Ayer Molek Road. Based on the PLI value, the sequence of pollution in descending order is as follows: TAR Road > Raja Abdullah Road > Tun Razak Road > Ayer Molek Road. Health risk assessment was performed to assess the health effects of carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic pollutants caused by the exposure to trace metals in road dust on adults and children. Based on the integrated hazard index values for children at all locations, >1 indicates a possible noncarcinogenic effect. All incremental lifetime cancer risk values for adult and children at all locations are within acceptable limits and are considered safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ikram A Wahab
- Environmental Health & Industrial Safety Program, Center for Health & Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Mohd Amirfaqry Abd Razak
- Environmental Health & Industrial Safety Program, Center for Health & Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mazrura Sahani
- Environmental Health & Industrial Safety Program, Center for Health & Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Md Firoz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Dike IC, Onwurah CN, Uzodinma U, Onwurah IN. Evaluation of Pb concentrations in selected vegetables and portable drinking water, and intelligent quotients of school children in Ishiagu-a Pb mining community: health risk assessment using predictive modelling. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:126. [PMID: 31960162 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the concentrations of lead (Pb) in 6 selected vegetables and drinking water samples taken from an agricultural/mining town Ishiagu. This evaluation is important because these vegetables and water are major gateway of lead exposure through ingestion, especially children in the Pb mining environment. Pb at even very low concentrations has been shown to have adverse effect on developing brain and hence children's intellectual ability. The impact of lead-contaminated food/water intake on the cognitive function was focused on school children whose parents have lived in the Pb mining town for over 25 years before they were born. Non-invasive, "target risk quotient" (TRQ) methodology, based on the principle of predictive toxicology was adopted for our analysis. Samples of these vegetables harvested in July and August 2015, and water taken from homes at 4 different villages in Ishiagu town and neighbouring community Akaeze (control), were subjected to appropriate chemical treatment/digestion procedures and the concentrations of Pb determined using AA-700 Shimadzu model atomic absorption spectrophotometer. From 642 structured questionnaire administered to the teachers/children, the daily vegetable ingestion rates for each vegetable (mg/child/day) and estimated daily intakes (EDI) of lead were obtained. The results show that the concentrations of Pb in water samples and the 6 vegetables harvested from the lead mining town vary as distances increase from the mining sites while the total target hazard quotients (TTHQs) for the vegetable crops were greater than one (˃ 1). The cognitive functions of 160 school children (aged 6-8 years), sampled from 265 families based on their meeting the criteria for distances away from the mining site, were evaluated using Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices and psychometrics. The data generated were analysed using (SPSS) version 21.0 and results expressed as mean ± standard deviation of intelligent quotient (IQ). Students' t tests for independent samples were used to compare the IQ results for children in the lead mining area and non-mining area. A model based on predictive toxicology paradigm which can show a relationship between concentrations of lead in vegetables/water and cognitive function was developed. This model shows that there is a positive correlation between total lead concentrations in vegetables/water and children's cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibiwari C Dike
- Childhood and Environmental Education Research Group, Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Chimezie N Onwurah
- Childhood and Environmental Education Research Group, Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Uche Uzodinma
- Childhood and Environmental Education Research Group, Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Ikechukwu N Onwurah
- Pollution Control and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
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175
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Dantzer J, Ryan P, Yolton K, Parsons PJ, Palmer CD, Cecil K, Unrine JM. A comparison of blood and toenails as biomarkers of children's exposure to lead and their correlation with cognitive function. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 700:134519. [PMID: 31698272 PMCID: PMC6939637 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to compare lead (Pb) concentrations in toenails and blood and to investigate the association of each biomarker with children's cognitive function. Toenails and whole blood samples were collected from 224 twelve-year-old children, and their full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-4th edition. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to determine blood (BPb) and toenail (TPb) Pb concentrations. Log BPb and Log TPb were significantly correlated (r2 = 0.49, p < 0.001). In unadjusted analyses, both log-transformed BPb and TPb were significantly associated with decreased FSIQ, but BPb accounted for approximately quadruple the FSIQ scores' variability than log-transformed TPb (model R2 = 0.12 and R2 = 0.03, respectively). After adjusting for neighborhood deprivation, caregiver intelligence (assessed with the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-2nd edition), and child BMI, BPb remained significantly associated with decreased FSIQ, while TPb did not (p = 0.16). These results suggest that while concentrations of Pb in blood and toenails are correlated, TPb does not predict cognitive outcomes at these exposure levels. With caution and in conjunction with BPb, TPb may be used as a population-based biomarker of Pb exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Dantzer
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Patrick Ryan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Patrick J Parsons
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Albany, Rennselaer, NY, USA
| | - Christopher D Palmer
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Albany, Rennselaer, NY, USA
| | - Kim Cecil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jason M Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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176
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Abstract
Within a remarkably short timespan the world population doubled and transitioned from an agrarian to an urban-industrial society. The transition was accompanied by the major expansion of industries that releases enormous amounts of toxicants into the air, water, and soil. Naturally occurring and synthetic chemicals compounds utilized the same signaling system as vertebrate internal cell signaling systems. The concept of environmental signals provides insights to address the impact of biochemically active toxicants on humans and the ecosystems that they share with other species. Disruption of the broad signaling systems has the potential for global change that transcends the biological systems of all organisms, including humans.
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177
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Qiu M, Lee Lanclos S, Holland J, Torres CA. Prenatal drug exposure: Lead by language limitations. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 206:107775. [PMID: 31866005 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Qiu
- Columbia University, 116th St & Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Sara Lee Lanclos
- Columbia University, 116th St & Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - James Holland
- Department of Biology, Columbia University, 550 W120 th St, New York, NY, 10027,United States.
| | - Ciara A Torres
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, 116th St & Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, United States
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178
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Emer LR, Kalkbrenner AE, O'Brien M, Yan A, Cisler RA, Weinhardt L. Association of childhood blood lead levels with firearm violence perpetration and victimization in Milwaukee. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 180:108822. [PMID: 31654907 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Childhood lead exposure impairs future decision-making and may influence criminal behavior, but its role in future firearm violence is unclear. Using public health, education, and criminal justice datasets linked at the individual level, we studied a population-based cohort of all persons born between June 1, 1986 and December 31, 2003 with a valid blood lead test before age 6 years and stable Milwaukee residency (n = 89,129). We estimated associations with firearm violence perpetration (n = 553) and victimization (n = 983) using logistic regression, adjusting for temporal trends, child sex, race, and neighborhood socioeconomic status. Increasing risks for firearm violence perpetration and victimization were found in each higher category of blood lead compared to the lowest, after adjusting for confounding. For perpetration, risk ratios (RR) for increasing comparisons of mean blood lead in categories of ≥5 < 10, ≥10 < 20, and ≥20 μg/dL compared to persons with mean blood lead < 5 μg/dL, were: RR 2.3 (95% CI 1.6, 3.3), RR 2.5 (95% CI 1.7, 3.9), and RR 2.8 (95% CI 1.8, 4.4). For victimization, the same increasing categoric comparisons were: RR 1.8 (95% CI 1.4, 2.3), RR 2.4 (95% CI 1.8, 3.2), RR 3.3 (95% CI 2.4, 4.5). The proportion of firearm violence attributable to blood lead ≥5 μg/dL was 56% for perpetration and 51% for victimization. In Milwaukee, during a period of high lead exposures, childhood levels may have substantially contributed to adult firearm violence. While we cannot definitively conclude causality, the possibility that over half of firearm violence among this sample might be due to lead exposure suggests the potential importance of lead exposure reduction in firearm violence prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R Emer
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, 1240 North 10th Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53205, USA; Medical College of Wisconsin, Institute for Health and Equity, 8701 Watertown Plank, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA; National Center for State Courts, 300 Newport Avenue, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA.
| | - Amy E Kalkbrenner
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, 1240 North 10th Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53205, USA
| | - Mallory O'Brien
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Institute for Health and Equity, 8701 Watertown Plank, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Alice Yan
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, 1240 North 10th Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53205, USA
| | - Ron A Cisler
- Western Michigan University, College of Health and Human Services, 1200 Oakland Drive, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA
| | - Lance Weinhardt
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, 1240 North 10th Street, Milwaukee, WI, 53205, USA
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179
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Ayyalasomayajula N, Bandaru M, Dixit PK, Ajumeera R, Chetty CS, Challa S. Inactivation of GAP-43 due to the depletion of cellular calcium by the Pb and amyloid peptide induced toxicity: An in vitro approach. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 316:108927. [PMID: 31843630 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Environmental pollutant, Lead (Pb) is known to induce neurotoxicity in human. The central nervous system is the most vulnerable to the minute levels of Pb induced toxicity. Pb has been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a probable risk factor, as it shows epigenetic and developmental link associated with Alzheimer's disease-like pathology. Beta amyloid peptides were considered as the crucial factors in the beta amyloid plaque formation in Alzheimer's disease brain. In this context, we investigated the molecular mechanism involved in the development of Pb induced Alzheimer's disease in in vitro. Previous data from our studies have reported that Pb in the presence of beta Amyloid peptide (1-40) and (25-35) induces more apoptosis than individual exposures. Here, to further evaluate the molecular mechanism underlying Pb induced Alzheimer's disease; we focussed on the involvement of calcium signalling in inducing cell death. Our experimental observations suggesting that Pb in the presence of beta amyloid peptide alters intracellular calcium levels, which leads to the increased beta-secretase activity, which further promotes the generation of beta amyloid peptides. It also showed depression in the levels of GAP-43 expression, inhibition of PKC activity and altering synaptic activity further leads to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Ayyalasomayajula
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Madhuri Bandaru
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Rajanna Ajumeera
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Suresh Challa
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Hyderabad, India.
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180
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Yang H, Liu R, Liang Z, Zheng R, Yang Y, Chai L, Wang H. Chronic effects of lead on metamorphosis, development of thyroid gland, and skeletal ossification in Bufo gargarizans. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124251. [PMID: 31310984 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We examined the Pb2+ exposure on tadpoles of Bufo gargarizans from Gosner stage 26-42. Mortality, growth and development, time to metamorphosis, size, and skeletal ossification at metamorphic climax of Bufo gargarizans were examined. Also, histological characteristics of thyroid glands in tadpoles at Gosner stage 33, 38, and 42 as well as transcript levels of thyroid hormone-related genes in the hind-limb, tail, and liver of tadpoles at metamorphic climax were examined. Pb2+ exposure induced mortality in a concentration-dependent manner in Bufo gargarizans larvae. The significant increase in growth and development, percent metamorphosis, size at metamorphic climax, and skeletal ossification were observed at 50 μg Pb2+ L-1; however, exposure to 1000 μg Pb2+ L-1 resulted in the opposite effects in tadpoles. In addition, histological alterations of thyroid gland, such as follicular cell hyperplasia and colloid depletion could be found in 50-1000 μg Pb2+ L-1 treatments. Furthermore, Pb2+ exposure at 1000 μg L-1 resulted in significantly decreased transcript levels of Dio2, TRα and TRβ, and increased transcript levels of Dio3. In contrast, 50 μg Pb2+ L-1 significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of Dio2, TRα, and TRβ, but it reduced the Dio3 expression. These results suggested that Pb2+ might disrupt TH homeostasis in tadpoles by histological alterations of thyroid gland and disturb the transcript levels of Dio2, Dio3, TRα, and TRβ, leading to altered growth and development, as well as percent metamorphosis and skeletal ossification. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Yang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Rong Liu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zhijia Liang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yijie Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Lihong Chai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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181
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Nanda KP, Kumari C, Dubey M, Firdaus H. Chronic lead (Pb) exposure results in diminished hemocyte count and increased susceptibility to bacterial infection in Drosophila melanogaster. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124349. [PMID: 31326753 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal Pb is a common toxic pollutant present in our environment adversely affecting health of the living organisms. Recent studies suggest positive correlation between heavy metal exposure and immune dysfunction and present work utilizes Drosophila to address this issue in relation to Pb exposure. In-vivo Pb toxicity was established by dietary intake where essential parameters like development and life span were found to be hampered and augmented upon metallothionein B (mtnB) downregulation hinting towards potential role of mtnB in Pb detoxification. Further response of Drosophila to B. subtilis bacterial infection was monitored by carrying out oral infections. Pb fed flies showed increased susceptibility to infection as compared to their controls. Since Drosophila hemocytes play dual role as immune cells, we checked for the total hemocyte count and found significant decrease in hemocyte numbers in Pb fed larvae. Both crystal cells and plasmatocytes, the two major hemocytes in third instar larval hemolymph were reduced. However we did not find any visible morphological changes in Giemsa stained hemocytes. Crystal cells are crucial for synthesis and release of phenoloxidase (PO), an enzyme required for melanin clot synthesis and deposition. PO activity assessed from total hemolymph protein isolates was found to be substantially decreased in Pb raised animals. Results were also confirmed by spot test and native gel activity assay of PO. Overall our results suggest immunotoxic effect of Pb through decrease in hemocyte count including crystal cell which in turn leads to decreased PO activity and increased susceptibility to B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Pragati Nanda
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Chandani Kumari
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Madhavi Dubey
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Hena Firdaus
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, Jharkhand, India.
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182
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Zou RX, Gu X, Ding JJ, Wang T, Bi N, Niu K, Ge M, Chen XT, Wang HL. Pb exposure induces an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 63:104742. [PMID: 31785328 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An appropriate balance of excitatory and inhibitory synapse maintains the network stability of the central nervous system. Our recent work showed lead (Pb) exposure can inhibit synaptic transmission in cultured hippocampal neurons. However, it is not clear whether Pb exposure disrupt the balance of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission. Here, primary cultured hippocampal neurons from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to Pb (0.2 μM, 1 μM, 5 μM, respectively) from Days in Vitro (DIV) 7 to DIV 12 for 5 days and the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission was examined. Patch clamp recording results showed that distinct from exposures of 0.2 μM and 5 μM, 1 μM Pb exposure significantly increased the mIPSC frequency and decreased the mEPSC frequency, leading to a uniform inhibitory outcome. Further, the number of inhibitory presynaptic puncta was significantly increased after 1 μM Pb exposure, while the number of excitatory presynaptic terminals was decreased. In addition 1 μM Pb increased the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) expression and the surface GABAA receptor (GABAAR) clusters. This shift might potentiate the synthesis of GABA and enhance the surface distribution of postsynaptic GABAAR clusters in hippocampus neurons. Together, these data showed that Pb exposure disrupted the balance of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission via abnormal GABAergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Xin Zou
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Xiaozhen Gu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Jin-Jun Ding
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Tiandong Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Nanxi Bi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Kang Niu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Ge
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Xiang-Tao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China.
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China.
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183
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Tighe M, Beidinger H, Knaub C, Sisk M, Peaslee GF, Lieberman M. Risky bismuth: Distinguishing between lead contamination sources in soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:297-301. [PMID: 31228831 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In a broad environmental study in St. Joseph County, Indiana, elemental data from ∼2000 soil samples and ∼800 paint samples were collected with X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. The observed lead concentrations were compared to other elemental concentrations in these data. A strong correlation between lead and bismuth concentrations was observed in a subset of the soil samples and in nearly all of the paint samples, with lead levels approximately 150 times higher than bismuth. However, some soil samples contained lead with no bismuth present. Since most lead sources likely contain bismuth as an impurity from refining of native lead ore, but leaded gasoline does not contain any bismuth impurities due to the manufacturing process of tetraethyl lead, it may be possible to distinguish environmental lead sources by XRF. To test if leaded gasoline could be the source of lead in the subset of soil samples containing no bismuth, leaded paint samples were analyzed with Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), which confirmed the presence of bismuth in leaded paint. Aviation gasoline, which contains tetraethyl lead, was also analyzed by ICP-OES to confirm the absence of bismuth in leaded gasoline. This discovery suggests that XRF can be used to rapidly distinguish different legacy lead contamination sources from one another. For low lead concentrations, elemental measurements of bismuth by ICP-OES can be used in environmental forensics to distinguish leaded gasoline contamination from other sources of lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghanne Tighe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame IN, 46556, USA.
| | - Heidi Beidinger
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame IN, 46556, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame IN, 46556, USA
| | - Christopher Knaub
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame IN, 46556, USA
| | - Matthew Sisk
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame IN, 46556, USA; Navari Family Center for Digital Scholarship, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame IN, 46556, USA
| | - Graham F Peaslee
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame IN, 46556, USA
| | - Marya Lieberman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame IN, 46556, USA
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184
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Ruebner RL, Hooper SR, Parrish C, Furth SL, Fadrowski JJ. Environmental lead exposure is associated with neurocognitive dysfunction in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:2371-2379. [PMID: 31327061 PMCID: PMC6800774 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-019-04306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental lead exposure is associated with cognitive impairment in healthy children, with deficits seen in intelligence quotient (IQ), attention, and behavior. Neurocognitive dysfunction is also a well-described complication among children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The objective was to evaluate the association between blood lead levels (BLL) and performance on neurocognitive assessments in a cohort of children with CKD. METHODS Cross-sectional study of children with mild to moderate CKD from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) multicenter prospective cohort study. The primary exposure was BLL. The primary outcome was performance on age-specific neurocognitive assessments evaluating IQ, executive functioning, attention, hyperactivity, and behavior. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the association between BLL and neurocognitive performance, adjusted for key sociodemographic and clinical variables. RESULTS A total of 412 subjects were included with median age 15.4 years, median estimated GFR 39 mL/min/1.732, median BLL 1.2 mcg/dL, and median IQ score 99. In multivariable linear regression, higher BLL was associated with significantly lower IQ score (- 2.1 IQ points for every 1-mcg/dL increase in BLL, p = 0.029). Higher BLL was associated with worse scores on the Conners' Continuous Performance Test II Variability T-Score, a measure of inattention (+ 1.8 T-Score points for every 1-mcg/dL increase in BLL, p = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS Low-level lead exposure is associated with significantly lower IQ and more inattention in children with CKD, a population already at high risk for neurocognitive dysfunction. Universal screening for elevated BLL should be considered for all children with CKD at age 12-24 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Ruebner
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 N Wolfe St, Room 3055, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Stephen R. Hooper
- Departments of Allied Health Sciences and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carisa Parrish
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 N Wolfe St, Room 3055, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA,Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pediatric Medical Psychology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan L. Furth
- Division of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Fadrowski
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 N Wolfe St, Room 3055, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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185
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Abstract
The inextricable link between topsoil lead (Pb) and children’s blood lead (BPb) has not been widely accepted. Pb is associated with multiple health adversities. Urban residents are at risk from exposure to legacy Pb dust in topsoil resulting from smelting, industrial discharges, leaded gasoline emissions, leaded paint, and incineration. In New Orleans, topsoil median Pb decreased in ∼15 y from 99 mg/kg to 54 mg/kg, or ∼2.4 mg⋅kg⋅y−1. In ∼12 y, children’s median BPb declined from 3.6 μg/dL to 1.3 μg/dL, or ∼0.2 μg⋅dL⋅y−1. We argue that depletion of topsoil Pb is an important factor in the continuous decline of children’s BPb. Similar processes are expected in all US cities. Primary prevention requires curtailing Pb in all sources, including topsoil. Lead (Pb) is extremely toxic and a major cause of chronic diseases worldwide. Pb is associated with health disparities, particularly within low-income populations. In biological systems, Pb mimics calcium and, among other effects, interrupts cell signaling. Furthermore, Pb exposure results in epigenetic changes that affect multigenerational gene expression. Exposure to Pb has decreased through primary prevention, including removal of Pb solder from canned food, regulating lead-based paint, and especially eliminating Pb additives in gasoline. While researchers observe a continuous decline in children’s blood lead (BPb), reservoirs of exposure persist in topsoil, which stores the legacy dust from leaded gasoline and other sources. Our surveys of metropolitan New Orleans reveal that median topsoil Pb in communities (n = 274) decreased 44% from 99 mg/kg to 54 mg/kg (P value of 2.09 × 10−08), with a median depletion rate of ∼2.4 mg⋅kg⋅y−1 over 15 y. From 2000 through 2005 to 2011 through 2016, children’s BPb declined from 3.6 μg/dL to 1.2 μg/dL or 64% (P value of 2.02 × 10−85), a decrease of ∼0.2 μg⋅dL⋅y−1 during a median of 12 y. Here, we explore the decline of children’s BPb by examining a metabolism of cities framework of inputs, transformations, storages, and outputs. Our findings indicate that decreasing Pb in topsoil is an important factor in the continuous decline of children’s BPb. Similar reductions are expected in other major US cities. The most contaminated urban communities, usually inhabited by vulnerable populations, require further reductions of topsoil Pb to fulfill primary prevention for the nation’s children.
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186
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Wang M, Hossain F, Sulaiman R, Ren X. Exposure to Inorganic Arsenic and Lead and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1904-1919. [PMID: 31549506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) and lead (Pb) rank first and second on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's priority list of hazardous substances. Both are known neurotoxic metals that cause detrimental effects on brain development and lead to deficits in cognitive function and behavioral performance in children. Studies have indicated a potential link between iAs and Pb exposure and a higher risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To provide further insight into whether developmental exposure to iAs or Pb is associated with ASD, we conducted a systematic review and combined data into a meta-analysis to evaluate the available human evidence on the relationships. We systematically reviewed relevant studies published through December 30, 2018 and identified 14 studies on iAs and 37 studies on Pb exposure and their respective associations with ASD. Among them, 8 (53.3%) and 19 (51.3%) studies reported a positive association for iAs and Pb, respectively, and none reported a sole inverse association. In the following meta-analysis, we found statistically significant higher iAs concentrations, in hair and in blood, for children diagnosed with ASD compared with controls across studies. However, the findings on Pb exposure were inconsistent, with a significant association for hair Pb, no association for urinary Pb, and an inverse association for blood Pb. After considering strengths and limitations of the body of research, we concluded that there is consistent evidence supporting a positive association between early life iAs exposure and diagnosis of ASD and inconsistent evidence for Pb exposure and ASD risk. We believe it is in the best interest of policy makers and the public to reduce exposures to iAs and Pb among pregnant women and children. Further, our research supports the need for large perspective human studies with accurate measurement and determination of the long-term body burden of iAs and Pb exposures to assess the impact of iAs and Pb exposures on ASD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Research and Education in Energy, Environment and Water Institute , University at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States
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187
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Rădulescu A, Lundgren S. A pharmacokinetic model of lead absorption and calcium competitive dynamics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14225. [PMID: 31578386 PMCID: PMC6775169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead is a naturally-occurring element. It has been known to man for a long time, and it is one of the longest established poisons. The current consensus is that no level of lead exposure should be deemed "safe". New evidence regarding the blood levels at which morbidities occur has prompted the CDC to reduce the screening guideline of 10 μg/dl to 2 μg/dl. Measurable cognitive decline (reduced IQ, academic deficits) have been found to occur at levels below 10 μg/dl, especially in children. Knowledge of lead pharmacology allows us to better understand its absorption and metabolization, mechanisms that produce its medical consequences. Based upon an original and very simplified compartmental model of Rabinowitz (1973) with only three major compartments (blood, bone and soft tissue), extensive biophysical models sprouted over the following two decades. However, none of these models have been specifically designed to use new knowledge of lead molecular dynamics to understand its deleterious effects on the brain. We build and analyze a compartmental model of lead pharmacokinetics, focused specifically on addressing neurotoxicity. We use traditional phase space methods, parameter sensitivity analysis and bifurcation theory to study the transitions in the system's behavior in response to various physiological parameters. We conclude that modeling the complex interaction of lead and calcium along their dynamic trajectory may successfully explain counter-intuitive effects on systemic function and neural behavior which could not be addressed by existing linear models. Our results encourage further efforts towards using nonlinear phenomenology in conjunction with empirically driven system parameters, to obtain a biophysical model able to provide clinical assessments and predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Rădulescu
- Department of Mathematics, State University of New York at New Paltz, New York, USA.
| | - Steven Lundgren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at New Paltz, New York, USA
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188
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Falck AJ, Sundararajan S, Al-Mudares F, Contag SA, Bearer CF. Fetal exposure to mercury and lead from intrauterine blood transfusions. Pediatr Res 2019; 86:510-514. [PMID: 31216568 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) exposure during childhood is associated with irreversible neurodevelopmental effects. Fetal exposure to Hg and Pb from intrauterine blood transfusion (IUBT) has not been reported. METHODS Fetal exposure was estimated based on transfusion volume and metal concentration in donor packed red blood cell (PRBCs). As biomarkers to quantify prenatal exposure are unknown, Hg and Pb in donor PRBCs were compared to estimated intravenous (IV) RfDs based on gastrointestinal absorption. RESULTS Three pregnant women received 8 single-donor IUBTs with volumes ranging from 19 to 120 mL/kg. Hg and Pb were present in all donor PRBC units. In all, 1/8 IUBT resulted in Hg dose five times higher than the estimated IV RfD. Median Pb dose in one fetus who received 5 single-donor IUBTs between 20-32 weeks gestation was 3.4 μg/kg (range 0.5-7.9 μg/kg). One donor unit contained 12.9 μg/dL of Pb, resulting in a fetal dose of 7.9 μg/kg, 40 times higher than the estimated IV RfD at 20 weeks gestation. CONCLUSION This is the first study documenting inadvertent exposure to Hg and Pb from IUBT and quantifying the magnitude of exposure. Screening of donor blood is warranted to prevent toxic effects from Hg and Pb to the developing fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Falck
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Sripriya Sundararajan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Stephen A Contag
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cynthia F Bearer
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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189
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Shah A, Nisar A, Khan K, Nisar J, Niaz A, Ashiq MN, Akhter MS. Amino acid functionalized glassy carbon electrode for the simultaneous detection of thallium and mercuric ions. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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190
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Neurobehavioral effects of acute and chronic lead exposure in a desert rodent Meriones shawi: Involvement of serotonin and dopamine. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 102:101689. [PMID: 31580902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a non physiological metal that has been implicated in toxic processes affecting several organs and biological systems, including the central nervous system. Several studies have focused on changes in lead-associated neurobehavioral and neurochemical alterations that occur due to Pb exposure. The present study evaluates the effects of acute and chronic Pb acetate exposure on serotoninergic and dopaminergic systems within the dorsal raphe nucleus, regarding motor activity and anxiety behaviours. Experiments were carried out on adult male Meriones shawi exposed to acute lead acetate intoxication (25 mg/kg b.w., 3 i.p. injections) or to a chronic lead exposure (0,5%) in drinking water from intrauterine age to adult age. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that both acute and chronic lead exposure increased anti-serotonin (anti-5HT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (anti-TH) immuno-reactivities in the dorsal raphe nucleus. In parallel, our results demonstrated that a long term Pb-exposure, but not an acute lead intoxication, induced behavioural alterations including, hyperactivity (open field test), and anxiogenic like-effects. Such neurobehavioral impairments induced by Pb-exposure in Meriones shawi may be related to dopaminergic and serotoninergic injuries identified in the dorsal raphe nucleus.
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191
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Reis CF, de Souza ID, Morais DAA, Oliveira RAC, Imparato DO, de Almeida RMC, Dalmolin RJS. Systems Biology-Based Analysis Indicates Global Transcriptional Impairment in Lead-Treated Human Neural Progenitor Cells. Front Genet 2019; 10:791. [PMID: 31552095 PMCID: PMC6748217 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead poisoning effects are wide and include nervous system impairment, peculiarly during development, leading to neural damage. Lead interaction with calcium and zinc-containing metalloproteins broadly affects cellular metabolism since these proteins are related to intracellular ion balance, activation of signaling transduction cascades, and gene expression regulation. In spite of lead being recognized as a neurotoxin, there are gaps in knowledge about the global effect of lead in modulating the transcription of entire cellular systems in neural cells. In order to investigate the effects of lead poisoning in a systemic perspective, we applied the transcriptogram methodology in an RNA-seq dataset of human embryonic-derived neural progenitor cells (ES-NP cells) treated with 30 µM lead acetate for 26 days. We observed early downregulation of several cellular systems involved with cell differentiation, such as cytoskeleton organization, RNA, and protein biosynthesis. The downregulated cellular systems presented big and tightly connected networks. For long treatment times (12 to 26 days), it was possible to observe a massive impairment in cell transcription profile. Taking the enriched terms together, we observed interference in all layers of gene expression regulation, from chromatin remodeling to vesicle transport. Considering that ES-NP cells are progenitor cells that can originate other neural cell types, our results suggest that lead-induced gene expression disturbance might impair cells’ ability to differentiate, therefore influencing ES-NP cells’ fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis F Reis
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment - IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Iara D de Souza
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment - IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Diego A A Morais
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment - IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Raffael A C Oliveira
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment - IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Danilo O Imparato
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment - IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Rita M C de Almeida
- Institute of Physics and National Institute of Science and Technology: Complex Systems, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo J S Dalmolin
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment - IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry - CB, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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192
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Dynamical properties of elemental metabolism distinguish attention deficit hyperactivity disorder from autism spectrum disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:238. [PMID: 31551411 PMCID: PMC6760156 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions of overlapping etiologies and phenotypes. For ASD, we recently reported altered elemental metabolic patterns in the form of short and irregular zinc and copper cycles. Here, we extend the application of these biomarkers of prenatal and early postnatal elemental metabolism to distinguish between individuals diagnosed with ADHD and/or ASD and neurotypical controls. We recruited twins discordant for ADHD, ASD and other neurodevelopmental diagnoses from national twin studies in Sweden (N = 74) diagnosed according to DSM-5 clinical consensus and standardized psychiatric instruments. Detailed temporal profiles of exposure to 10 metals over the prenatal and early childhood periods were measured using tooth biomarkers. We used recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) to characterize properties of cyclical metabolic patterns of these metals. Regularity (determinism) and complexity (entropy) of elemental cycles was consistently reduced in ADHD for cobalt, lead, and vanadium (determinism: cobalt, β = -0.03, P = 0.017; lead, β = -0.03, P = 0.016; and vanadium, β = -0.03, P = 0.01. Entropy: cobalt, β = -0.13, P = 0.017; lead, β = -0.18, P = 0.016; and vanadium, β = -0.15, P = 0.008). Further, we found elemental pathways and dynamical features specific to ADHD vs ASD, and unique characteristics associated with ADHD/ASD combined presentation. Dysregulation of cyclical processes in elemental metabolism during prenatal and early postnatal development not only encompasses pathways shared by ADHD and ASD, but also comprise features specific to either condition.
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193
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Hosseini-Sharifabad A, Naghibzadeh S, Hajhashemi V. The effect of lead, restraint stress or their co-exposure on the movement disorders incidence in male mice. Res Pharm Sci 2019; 14:343-350. [PMID: 31516511 PMCID: PMC6714115 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.263558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead is known as an environmental contaminant with neurotoxic properties. In addition, people experience different types of chronic stress, especially in developing countries. It has been established that lead or stress causes structural and physiological damages to the neural pathway like dopaminergic connections. Nevertheless, the effect of lead and restraint stress on movement behaviors when are experienced together has not been studied yet. In this study, male albino mice were randomly divided into different groups (n = 6). Lead acetate was daily injected at 15 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 2, 4, or 6 weeks. Restraint stress (6 h in a day) was applied alone or in combination with lead acetate for 2, 4, or 6 weeks. The catalepsy, akinesia, and the balance of animals were measured by bar test, elevated beam device, and rotarod to evaluate the movement disorders. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, a known neurotoxin causes movement disorders, was used as positive control group. The results showed that exposure to the lead or stress or their combination for 6 weeks caused catalepsy, akinesia, and imbalance in the animals, while exposure for 2 or 4 weeks didn’t affect the movement items indices. The combination of lead and stress did not show any significant difference compared to the exposure to each of them individually. From the findings, Lead, stress, and their combination caused movement disorders in a time dependent manner. Short time exposure did not change movement behavior. The co-exposure to the lead and stress did not show additive or synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hosseini-Sharifabad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Sara Naghibzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Valiollah Hajhashemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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194
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Grunst AS, Grunst ML, Daem N, Pinxten R, Bervoets L, Eens M. An Important Personality Trait Varies with Blood and Plumage Metal Concentrations in a Free-Living Songbird. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:10487-10496. [PMID: 31373485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal pollution is a global problem, which threatens to seriously disrupt behavioral patterns and health in humans and wildlife. Nonetheless, little is known regarding how exposure to metal pollution affects animal personalities, as defined by repeatable among individual differences in behavior. We used a large dataset to investigate the relationship between individual blood and feather metal concentrations and three personality traits (exploration behavior, territorial aggressiveness, and aggressiveness during nest defense) in great tits (Parus major), a model species for animal personality research. We previously demonstrated slower exploration behavior at highly polluted study sites, where exposure to lead, cadmium, and arsenic is high. Here, we demonstrate the across-year repeatability of exploration behavior and aggressiveness during nest defense, providing strong evidence for the existence of personalities in our populations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that individuals with high blood lead concentrations and high concentrations of multiple metals in the feathers exhibit slower exploration behavior but no differences in territorial aggressiveness or nest defense relative to less exposed birds. The mechanism underlying the relationship between metal exposure and exploration behavior remains to be determined but could involve neurotoxic effects. Our study highlights that metal pollution could have underappreciated effects on animal personalities, with implications for individual fitness and societal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Grunst
- Department of Biology, Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group , University of Antwerp , 2610 Wilrijk , Belgium
| | - Melissa L Grunst
- Department of Biology, Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group , University of Antwerp , 2610 Wilrijk , Belgium
| | - Natasha Daem
- Department of Biology, Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group , University of Antwerp , 2610 Wilrijk , Belgium
| | - Rianne Pinxten
- Department of Biology, Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group , University of Antwerp , 2610 Wilrijk , Belgium
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Antwerp School of Education , University of Antwerp , 2000 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- Department of Biology, Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research Group , University of Antwerp , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Marcel Eens
- Department of Biology, Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group , University of Antwerp , 2610 Wilrijk , Belgium
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195
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Lanphear BP, Hornung R, Khoury J, Yolton K, Baghurst P, Bellinger DC, Canfield RL, Dietrich KN, Bornschein R, Greene T, Rothenberg SJ, Needleman HL, Schnaas L, Wasserman G, Graziano J, Roberts R. Erratum: "Low-Level Environmental Lead Exposure and Children's Intellectual Function: An International Pooled Analysis". ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:99001. [PMID: 31526192 PMCID: PMC6792371 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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196
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Abd El-Hack ME, Abdelnour SA, Abd El-Moneim AEME, Arif M, Khafaga A, Shaheen H, Samak D, Swelum AA. Putative impacts of phytogenic additives to ameliorate lead toxicity in animal feed. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:23209-23218. [PMID: 31243654 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal and an environmental pollutant, particularly because of its anthropogenic activity. The main impacts of Pb is recognized to cause injurious influences of various levels of the tropic chain, due to bio-accumulated lead causes many health issues such as intoxication of different body organs, such as kidneys and liver, and reproductive and nervous systems. Industrial lead toxicity has reduced as a result of the attempts to decrease the lead levels in the surrounding work environment. Conversably, health risks related with long-term environmental exposure to a low dose of Pb have been steadily demonstrated. Long-term exposure to lead toxicity caused inflammatory infiltration, degenerative changes in testicular tissues, reduction in spermatocytes, necrosis of hepatocytes, degeneration in renal tubules, and renal epithelium hypertrophy. Hence, we need an influential approach to vanquish lead toxicity. This consequence has emerged the necessity for potentially safe represent remedy, favorably keeping both enhancement and chelating of the antioxidant competences. Many antioxidants have been used for chelating heavy toxic pollutants such as lead and oxidative stress released in excess during lead exposure. Several studies have stated the noticeable gathering of herbal singly or in combination in modulating lead-induced disturbances, therefore proposing great promise in enhancing health status and welfare of man as well as animals. For this, in the current review, we tried to discuss the enormous harmful influences of lead toxicity on the animal model and the disturbing truth that this detrimental toxic substance can be found quite simply in the surroundings and amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Sameh A Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | | | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Asmaa Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Hazem Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Abadiyyat Damanhur, Egypt
| | - Dalia Samak
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Abadiyyat Damanhur, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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197
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El-Boshy ME, Refaat B, Qasem AH, Khan A, Ghaith M, Almasmoum H, Mahbub A, Almaimani RA. The remedial effect of Thymus vulgaris extract against lead toxicity-induced oxidative stress, hepatorenal damage, immunosuppression, and hematological disorders in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:22736-22746. [PMID: 31172438 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Thymus vulgaris (T. vulgaris) has been used in foods for the flavor, aroma, and preservation and in folk medicines. The objective of the present work was to determine the antioxidant and protective effects of T. vulgaris extract against lead (Pb)-intoxicated rats. A thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley were randomly assigned into 4 equal groups and treated for six weeks as follows: group I (GP-I), served as negative control; GP-II, -III, and -IV received either Pb acetate in drinking water (500 mg/L), T. vulgaris extract (500 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage or Pb acetate with T. vulgaris extract, respectively. Blood samples were collected at the end of the study week 6 to measure the hepatic and renal biochemical markers, complete blood count alongside the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ. Additionally, liver and kidney tissue specimens were collected for histopathology as well as to measure the antioxidant-reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) alongside the lipid peroxidation marker, malonaldehyde (MDA). The results indicated that Pb toxicity increased the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, whereas IL-10 and IFN-γ were reduced. The results showed disturbed liver and renal functions; increased serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, creatinine, and urea; and decreased total protein, albumin, and calcium. The GSH, Gpx, and CAT levels were significantly decreased in the Pb-administrated group, while MDA was increased. However, regarding the hepatorenal markers, those animals treated with T. vulgaris alone did not induce any significant changes. Moreover, the combined treatment with T. vulgaris extract together with Pb showed significant improvement in Pb-induced toxicity in all the tested parameters compared to the negative control group. We investigated the potential protective effects of the medicinal plant T. vulgaris in vivo, since there are no publications that address the potential protective effect of this leaf extract against Pb-induced hepatorenal toxicity. Our studies concluded that the T. vulgaris extract reduces Pb overload in hepatorenal tissues, and that this has a potential immunomodulatory role, antioxidant activity, and a protective effect against Pb toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E El-Boshy
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm al Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia.
- Clinical Pathology Department, Fac. Vet. Med, Mansoura University Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm al Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Qasem
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm al Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anmar Khan
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm al Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Ghaith
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm al Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Almasmoum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm al Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Mahbub
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm al Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A Almaimani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
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198
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Liu X, Wei F, Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Jia G, Zhou J, Zhu M, Shan Y, Sun X, Yu L, Merzenich MM, Lurie DI, Zheng Q, Zhou X. Auditory Training Reverses Lead (Pb)-Toxicity-Induced Changes in Sound-Azimuth Selectivity of Cortical Neurons. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:3294-3304. [PMID: 30137254 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) causes significant adverse effects on the developing brain, resulting in cognitive and learning disabilities in children. The process by which lead produces these negative changes is largely unknown. The fact that children with these syndromes also show deficits in central auditory processing, however, indicates a speculative but disturbing relationship between lead-exposure, impaired auditory processing, and behavioral dysfunction. Here we studied in rats the changes in cortical spatial tuning impacted by early lead-exposure and their potential restoration to normal by auditory training. We found animals that were exposed to lead early in life displayed significant behavioral impairments compared with naïve controls while conducting the sound-azimuth discrimination task. Lead-exposure also degraded the sound-azimuth selectivity of neurons in the primary auditory cortex. Subsequent sound-azimuth discrimination training, however, restored to nearly normal the lead-degraded cortical azimuth selectivity. This reversal of cortical spatial fidelity was paralleled by changes in cortical expression of certain excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor subunits. These results in a rodent model demonstrate the persisting neurotoxic effects of early lead-exposure on behavioral and cortical neuronal processing of spatial information of sound. They also indicate that attention-demanding auditory training may remediate lead-induced cortical neurological deficits even after these deficits have occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanfan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,New York University-East China Normal University Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, New York University-Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,New York University-East China Normal University Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, New York University-Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,New York University-East China Normal University Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, New York University-Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,New York University-East China Normal University Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, New York University-Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,New York University-East China Normal University Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, New York University-Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Shan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinde Sun
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Diana I Lurie
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Qingyin Zheng
- Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,New York University-East China Normal University Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, New York University-Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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199
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Wheeler DC, Raman S, Jones RM, Schootman M, Nelson EJ. Bayesian deprivation index models for explaining variation in elevated blood lead levels among children in Maryland. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2019; 30:100286. [PMID: 31421801 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2019.100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lead exposure adversely affects children's health. Exposure in the United States is highest among socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals who disproportionately live in substandard housing. We used Bayesian binomial regression models to estimate a neighborhood deprivation index and its association with elevated blood lead level (EBLL) risk using blood lead level testing data in Maryland census tracts. Our results show the probability of EBLL was spatially structured with high values in Baltimore city and low values in the District of Columbia suburbs and Baltimore suburbs. The association between the neighborhood deprivation index and EBLL risk was statistically significant after accounting for spatial dependence in probability of EBLL. The percent of houses built before 1940, African Americans, and renter occupied housing were the most important variables in the index. Bayesian models provide a flexible one-step approach to modeling risk associated with neighborhood deprivation while accounting for spatially structured and unstructured heterogeneity in risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Wheeler
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States.
| | - Shyam Raman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University-Bloomington, United States
| | - Resa M Jones
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Temple University and Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health, United States
| | | | - Erik J Nelson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University-Bloomington, United States
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200
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Neuwirth LS, Masood S, Anderson DW, Schneider JS. The attention set-shifting test is sensitive for revealing sex-based impairments in executive functions following developmental lead exposure in rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 366:126-134. [PMID: 30878351 PMCID: PMC6732195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The literature on lead (Pb) exposure has focused in large part on hippocampal-based learning and memory deficits, although frontoexecutive dysfunctions are known to exist in Pb-exposed humans. This study examined the effects of perinatal (PERI) and early postnatal (EPN) developmental low-level Pb-exposures in rats on frontoexecutive functions, using the Attention Set-Shift Test (ASST). Control males and females performed the ASST similarly. Male EPN rats had difficulty with simple discrimination (SD) of odors and failed to complete the compound discrimination (CD) stage of the ASST. All other Pb-exposed rats completed the training and testing. Male PERI rats performed worse on the SD, intradimensional (ID), and intradimensional-reversal (ID-Rev) ASST stages when compared to male Control rats. Female EPN rats performed similar to Controls on the ID-Rev rats, whereas PERI rats performed better the trials-to-criterion on the ID-Rev than EPN and Control rats. Pb-exposed female rats had significant difficulty performing the ED/ED-Rev stages, with the number of trials-to-criterion double that required by Pb-exposed and Control male rats and Control female rats. Together, the ASST results showed that developmental Pb-exposure induces frontoexecutive dysfunction that persists into adulthood, with different sex-based vulnerabilities dependent upon the time-period of neurotoxicant exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz S Neuwirth
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States; SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury NY 11568, United States; Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, United States.
| | - Sidrah Masood
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States; SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury NY 11568, United States
| | - David W Anderson
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, United States
| | - Jay S Schneider
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, United States
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