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Association between GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms and lung cancer risk in a Turkish population. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:5985-93. [PMID: 22207177 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Several studies focused on investigating genetic polymorphisms in order to estimate genetic contribution to lung cancer often showed conflicting results. In this study, we investigated the role of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 exon 5 and exon 6 polymorphisms on developing lung cancer and histological subtypes in 213 lung cancer patients and 231 controls. GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null, and GSTP1 exon 5 variant genotypes did not show a significant risk for developing lung cancer overall. Significant association was noted between GSTP1 exon 6 variant genotypes and overall lung cancer risk (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.25-3.78; P = 0.006). These results show that GSTP1 exon 6 polymorphism might be an important factor in determining lung cancer susceptibility in a Turkish population.
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152
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Mahimkar MB, Samant TA, Kannan S, Tulsulkar J, Pai PS, Anantharaman D. Polymorphisms in GSTM1 and XPD genes predict clinical outcome in advanced oral cancer patients treated with postoperative radiotherapy. Mol Carcinog 2011; 51 Suppl 1:E94-103. [PMID: 22213390 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in metabolic and DNA repair genes may alter protein function, consequently affecting patients' response to chemo/radiotherapy. We retrospectively assessed whether polymorphisms of glutathione-S-transferase genes GSTM1 (deletion), GSTT1 (deletion), GSTP1 (Ile105Val, rs1695), and DNA repair genes hOGG1 (Ser326Cys, rs1052133), XRCC1 (Arg194Trp, rs1799782, and Arg399Gln, rs25487), XPD (Asp312Asn, rs1799793, and Lys751Gln, rs13181) can predict clinical outcome in 187 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with postoperative radiotherapy. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the role of polymorphic genotypes on relapse-free (RFS) and disease-specific (DSS) survival. Deletion polymorphism of GSTM1 gene was significantly associated with DSS. The rs1799793 variant allele showed significant protection in both DSS and RFS. Significant increase in RFS but not in DSS was observed with polymorphic rs13181. The combined analysis of GSTM1 and XPD polymorphisms revealed favorable effect on survival. GSTM1 and XPD variant alleles, independently as well as in combination may serve as important predictors of clinical outcome in radiotherapy-treated OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj B Mahimkar
- Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.
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153
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Matejcic M, Li D, Prescott NJ, Lewis CM, Mathew CG, Parker MI. Association of a deletion of GSTT2B with an altered risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a South African population: a case-control study. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29366. [PMID: 22216261 PMCID: PMC3246501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polymorphisms in the Glutathione S-transferase genes are associated with altered risks in many cancers, but their role in oesophageal cancer is unclear. Recently a 37-kb deletion polymorphism of GSTT2B that reduces expression of GSTT2 has been described. We evaluated the influence of the GSTT1 and GSTT2B deletion polymorphisms, and the GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism (rs1695) on susceptibility to oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the Black and Mixed Ancestry populations of South Africa. Methods and Results The GSTT1, GSTT2B and GSTP1 variants were genotyped in 562 OSCC cases and 907 controls, and tested for association with OSCC and for interaction with smoking and alcohol consumption. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) between the deletions at GSTT1 and GSTT2B was determined, and the haplotypes tested for association with OSCC. Neither the GSTT1 deletion nor the GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism was associated with OSCC risk in the Black or Mixed Ancestry populations. The GSTT2B deletion was not associated with OSCC risk in the Black population, but was associated with reduced risk of OSCC in the Mixed Ancestry population (OR = 0.71; 95% CI 0.57–0.90, p = 0.004). Case-only analysis showed no interaction between the GST polymorphisms and smoking or alcohol consumption. LD between the neighboring GSTT1 and GSTT2B deletions was low in both populations (r2Black = 0.04; r2MxA = 0.07), thus these deletions should be assessed independently for effects on disease risk. Conclusions Although there was no association between the GSTT1 deletion polymorphism or the GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism with OSCC, our results suggest that the presence of the recently described GSTT2B deletion may have a protective effect on the risk of OSCC in the Mixed Ancestry South African population. This is the first report of the contribution of the GSTT2B deletion to cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Matejcic
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and IIDMM, UCT Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - DongPing Li
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and IIDMM, UCT Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Natalie J. Prescott
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cathryn M. Lewis
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher G. Mathew
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - M. Iqbal Parker
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and IIDMM, UCT Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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154
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Thiazolide-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells is mediated via the Jun kinase-Bim axis and reveals glutathione-S-transferase P1 as Achilles' heel. Oncogene 2011; 31:4095-106. [PMID: 22158036 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione-S-transferase of the Pi class (GSTP1) is frequently overexpressed in a variety of solid tumors and has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy. GSTP1 is a phase II detoxification enzyme and conjugates the tripeptide glutathione to endogenous metabolites and xenobiotics, thereby limiting the efficacy of antitumor chemotherapeutic treatments. In addition, GSTP1 regulates cellular stress responses and apoptosis by sequestering and inactivating c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Thiazolides are a novel class of antibiotics for the treatment of intestinal pathogens with no apparent side effects on the host cells and tissue. Here we show that thiazolides induce a GSTP1-dependent and glutathione-enhanced cell death in colorectal tumor cell lines. Downregulation of GSTP1 reduced the apoptotic activity of thiazolides, whereas overexpression enhanced it. Thiazolide treatment caused strong Jun kinase activation and Jun kinase-dependent apoptosis. As a critical downstream target of Jun kinase we identified the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homolog Bim. Thiazolides induced Bim expression and activation in a JNK-dependent manner. Downregulation of Bim in turn significantly blocked thiazolide-induced apoptosis. Whereas low concentrations of thiazolides failed to induce apoptosis directly, they potently sensitized colon cancer cells to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand- and chemotherapeutic drug-induced cell death. Although GSTP1 overexpression generally limits chemotherapy and thus antitumor treatment, our study identifies GSTP1 as Achilles' heel and thiazolides as novel interesting apoptosis sensitizer for the treatment of colorectal tumors.
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155
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Quintana PJ, Dodd-Butera T, Shaputnic C, Ramirez-Zetina M, Batista AC, Sierra MM. Inter-Individual Variation in Levels of the Detoxifying Enzyme Glutathione S-Transferasepi(GSTP1) in Placentas from a Mexican Population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3109/15417060490453227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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156
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Hashemi M, Eskandari-Nasab E, Fazaeli A, Bahari A, Hashemzehi NA, Shafieipour S, Taheri M, Moazeni-Roodi A, Zakeri Z, Bakhshipour A, Ghavami S. Association of genetic polymorphisms of glutathione-S-transferase genes (GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTP1) and susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Zahedan, Southeast Iran. DNA Cell Biol 2011; 31:672-7. [PMID: 22011249 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2011.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage is thought to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are involved in cell protection against oxidative stress. We examined whether GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms are associated with NAFLD in a sample of the Iranian population. The current case-control study included 83 patients with NAFLD and 93 healthy subjects. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The GSTP1 polymorphism was detected by tetra amplification refractory mutation system-PCR assay. The GSTM1-null genotype was significantly associated with the development of NAFLD (odds ratios [OR]=2.171, 95% confidence intervals [CI]=1.188-3.970, p=0.015). The GSTP1 Val allele was shown to be a risk factor for NAFLD (OR=1.739, 95% CI=1.089-2.777, p=0.024). The GSTT1 polymorphism was not significantly different between control and patient groups (p=0.221). This study showed that GSTM1 and GSTP1, but not GSTT1, genetic polymorphisms are associated with NAFLD in a sample of the Iranian population, and may be used to determine the risk of development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hashemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
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157
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Ye X, Jiang Y, Wang H, Chen L, Yuan S, Xia B. Genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferases are associated with ulcerative colitis in central China. Cell Biochem Biophys 2011; 60:323-8. [PMID: 21301992 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-011-9154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and susceptibility to ulcerative colitis (UC) in central China. The prevalence of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms were examined using polymerase chain reaction methods in 270 consecutive UC patients and 623 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The frequencies of the GSTM1(null) and GSTT1(null) as well as GSTP1 (Val/Val) genotypes were significantly higher in UC patients than in the controls (70.74% vs. 41.74%, P = 0.0001; 64.82% vs. 47.19%, P = 0.0001; and 48.89% vs. 34.35%, P = 0.0004, respectively). When the UC patients were stratified according to clinical features, we found that the frequencies of the GSTT1(null) and GSTP1 (Val/Val) genotypes but not the GSTM1(null) genotype were significantly higher in patients with distal colitis than in extensive colitis (P = 0.0007, P = 0.001, and P = 0.271, respectively). However, these variant GST genotypes were not significantly linked to severity of the disease (P > 0.05). GST variant genotypes are strongly correlated with prevalence and extent but not with severity of UC in the Hubei Han population in central China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Ye
- Integrated Department of Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, 430071 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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158
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Lin CY, Shih TS, Guo YLL, Wu JL, Sun YM, Tsai PJ. Effects of gene-environmental interaction on noise-induced hearing threshold levels for high frequencies (HTLHF). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:7128-7134. [PMID: 21786748 DOI: 10.1021/es200497v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study we assessed the interaction between glutathione S-transferase (GST) genetic polymorphisms and noise exposures, with regard to their effect on the hearing threshold levels for high frequencies (HTLHF). Research participants comprised 347 male workers, and each participant's cumulative noise exposure was determined using a job-exposure matrix. Approximately 64.6% of the participants' exposure in L(eq-8 h) was above 90 dBA. The mean HTLHF was 32.1 dB. A significant dose-response relationship was found between noise exposure and HTLHF. We further converted the estimated total noise exposure level over each participant's job history to a noise exposure level that corresponded to a 40-year exposure (L(eq-40y)). After we had adjusted the results for age, we found that workers carrying GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null, and GSTP1 Ile(105)/Ile(105) genotypes were susceptible to the HTLHF when their L(eq-40y) were above 90 dBA. Therefore, GST genetic polymorphisms might affect HTLHF only when workers are exposed to high noise levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tainan Hospital, West Central District, Tainan City 700, Taiwan
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159
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Lamas MJ, Duran G, Balboa E, Bernardez B, Touris M, Vidal Y, Gallardo E, Lopez R, Carracedo A, Barros F. Use of a comprehensive panel of biomarkers to predict response to a fluorouracil-oxaliplatin regimen in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Pharmacogenomics 2011; 12:433-42. [PMID: 21449681 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.10.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Polymorphisms in the metabolism, detoxification or DNA repair pathways have been proposed as potential predictors of response to 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin. We have studied the predictive value of a set of germline genetic polymorphisms in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with mFolfox-6. MATERIALS & METHODS A total of 72 patients, comprising 50 men (69.4%) and 22 women (30.6%), were included after the signing of an informed consent form. Median age was 65.5 years (range: 32-80). All participants received mFolfox-6. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and genotyped by direct sequencing, SnapShot(®) and multiplex PCR techniques. Eight polymorphisms within six genes were investigated: TS 5´-UTR (variable number tandem repeat + G/C), TS 3´-UTR (TS1494del6); MTHFR C677T and A1298C; GSTP1 I105V; ERCC1 C118T; XPD Lys751Gln and XRCC1 Arg399Gln. Association was evaluated by univariate analysis, and Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier assessed survival. The local ethics committee approved the pharmacogenetic study protocol and all subjects signed an informed consent before participating in the study. RESULTS The sample was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Only XPD Lys751Gln was found to be significantly associated with a favorable progression-free survival (PFS). Median PFS for XPD Lys751Gln patients (n = 33) was 16 months (95% CI: 9.2-22.7), 10 months (95% CI: 6.1-13.9) for Gln/Gln (n = 11) and 8 months (95% CI: 5.8-10.2) for Lys/Lys (n = 28), p = 0.019. The increased risk of progression was: 1.93 (95% CI: 1.13-13.30; p = 0.017) for Lys/Lys and 2.1 (95% CI: 1.01-4.22; p = 0.047) for Gln/Gln. Patients with one or two Val alleles of GSTP1 tended to a lower risk of progression compared with Ile/Ile homozygotes, p = 0.067. When XPD Lys751Gln and GSTP1 were analyzed jointly, patients who carried one or two favorable genotypes, XPD Lys751Gln and Val, had a longer median PFS: 11 months (95% CI: 7.4-14.6) compared with six (95% CI: 4.6-7.4) with unfavorable genotypes, p < 0.001. CONCLUSION In metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with mFolfox-6, the combination of haplotype XPD Lys751Gln-GSTP1 105Val seems to predict the risk of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Lamas
- Oncology Pharmacy Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario of Santiago (CHUS), Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
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160
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Tew KD, Manevich Y, Grek C, Xiong Y, Uys J, Townsend DM. The role of glutathione S-transferase P in signaling pathways and S-glutathionylation in cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:299-313. [PMID: 21558000 PMCID: PMC3125017 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase P is abundantly expressed in some mammalian tissues, particularly those associated with malignancies. While the enzyme can catalyze thioether bond formation between some electrophilic chemicals and GSH, novel nondetoxification functions are now ascribed to it. This review summarizes recent material that implicates GSTP in mediating S-glutathionylation of specific clusters of target proteins and in reactions that define a negative regulatory role in some kinase pathways through ligand or protein:protein interactions. It is becoming apparent that GSTP participates in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis through a number of convergent and divergent mechanisms. Moreover, drug platforms that have GSTP as a target have produced some interesting preclinical and clinical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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161
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Lakhdar R, Denden S, Kassab A, Leban N, Knani J, Lefranc G, Miled A, Chibani JB, Khelil AH. Update in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: role of antioxidant and metabolizing gene polymorphisms. Exp Lung Res 2011; 37:364-75. [PMID: 21721950 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2011.580416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by systemic and local chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. The sources of the increased oxidative stress in COPD patients derive from the increased burden of inhaled oxidants such as cigarette smoke and other forms of particulate or gaseous air pollution and from the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by several inflammatory, immune, and structural airways cells. There is increasing evidence that genetic factors may also contribute to the pathogenesis if COPD, particularly antioxidant genes, which may confer a susceptibility to environmental insults such as cigarette smoke and thereafter development of COPD. Consequently, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1), and cytochrome P450 (CYP) genetic polymorphisms may have an important role in COPD pathogenesis. In this review the authors summarized the most recent findings dealing with these antioxidant genes contributing to the free radical neutralization and xenobiotic enzymes playing a role in different phases of cell detoxification reactions related to the redox status imbalance in COPD, with an emphasis on their possible roles in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Lakhdar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia.
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162
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Abstract
Cisplatin ototoxicity affects different individuals in a widely variable manner. These variations are likely to be explained by genetic differences among those affected. It would be highly advantageous to identify genetic variants that predispose to cisplatin ototoxicity in order to minimize the risk to susceptible subgroups. Although this area of research is very important, only a few studies have rigorously examined the genetic basis for cisplatin-induced susceptibility to hearing loss. This article addresses recent progress in clarifying the incidence of cisplatin ototoxicity and the risk factors and controversies regarding the identification of genetic variants associated with cisplatin-induced hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashree Mukherjea
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.
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163
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Sameer AS, Qadri Q, Siddiqi MA. GSTP1 I105V polymorphism and susceptibility to colorectal cancer in Kashmiri population. DNA Cell Biol 2011; 31:74-9. [PMID: 21711092 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2011.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme encoded by the GSTP1 gene is one of the critical enzymes involved in detoxification of carcinogens. The substitution of isoleucine to valine residue at position 105 of the GSTP1 protein results in decreased enzyme activity and hence less capability of effective detoxification. Hence, we investigated the role of GSTP1 I105V polymorphism in modulating the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) associated in a Kashmiri population. We designed a case-control study in which 86 CRC cases were studied for GSTP1 I105V polymorphism against 160 controls taken from the general population employing the polymerase chain reaction-restriction length fragment polymorphism technique. There was no significant association between GSTP1 I105V genotypes and the disease, but the Val/Val genotype was associated with an increased risk with some clinicopathological parameters (odds ratio=1.5; 95% confidence interval=0.55-4.57). This study suggests that the GSTP1 I105V polymorphism may modulate CRC risk in the Kashmiri population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Syed Sameer
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
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164
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Singh S, Kumar V, Singh P, Thakur S, Banerjee BD, Rautela RS, Grover SS, Rawat DS, Pasha ST, Jain SK, Rai A. Genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 and susceptibility to DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed to organophosphate pesticides. Mutat Res 2011; 725:36-42. [PMID: 21736951 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
GSTM1, T1 and P1 are important enzymes of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), involved in the metabolism of many endogenous and exogenous compounds. Individual genetic variation in these metabolizing enzymes may influence the metabolism of their substrates. The present study was designed to determine the genotoxic effects using DNA damage and its association with GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 (Ile105Val) genetic polymorphisms in workers occupationally exposed to organophosphate pesticides (OPs). We examined 230 subjects including 115 workers occupationally exposed to OPs and an equal number of normal healthy controls. The DNA damage was evaluated using the alkaline comet assay and genotyping was done using individual PCR or PCR-RFLP. Significantly higher DNA tail moment (TM) was observed in workers as compared to control subjects (14.41 ± 2.25 vs. 6.36 ± 1.41 tail % DNA, p<0.001). The results revealed significantly higher DNA TM in workers with GSTM1 null genotype than those with GSTM1 positive (15.18 vs. 14.15 tail % DNA, p=0.03). A significantly higher DNA TM was also observed in workers with homozygous Ile-Ile GSTP1 genotype than heterozygous (Ile-Val) and mutant (Val-Val) GSTP1 genotype (p=0.02). In conclusion, the results show that null deletion of GSTM1 and homozygote wild GSTP1 genotype could be related to inter-individual differences in DNA damage arises from the gene-environment interactions in workers occupationally exposed to OPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyender Singh
- Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Centre for Disease Control, 22, Sham Nath Marg, Delhi 110054, India
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165
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Reszka E, Jabłonowski Z, Wieczorek E, Gromadzińska J, Sosnowski M, Wąsowicz W. GSTP1 mRNA expression in human circulating blood leukocytes is associated with GSTP1 genetic polymorphism. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:1153-1155. [PMID: 21669193 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We explored association between GSTP1 Ile(105)Val (rs1695) polymorphism and GSTP1 mRNA expression in circulating blood leukocytes. DESIGN AND METHODS GSTP1 transcripts level and polymorphism were determined by Real-Time PCR in 51 bladder cancer and 90 healthy men. RESULTS Individuals with at least one GSTP1 Val(105) variant allele possessed higher GSTP1 mRNA level in blood leukocytes compared to GSTP1 Ile(105)Ile carriers. CONCLUSIONS GSTP1 Ile(105)Val gene polymorphism influences its expression in blood, regardless of cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Reszka
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland.
| | | | - Edyta Wieczorek
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Gromadzińska
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Wąsowicz
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
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166
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Deenen MJ, Cats A, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM. Part 3: Pharmacogenetic variability in phase II anticancer drug metabolism. Oncologist 2011; 16:992-1005. [PMID: 21659608 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2010-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Equivalent drug doses may lead to wide interpatient variability in drug response to anticancer therapy. Known determinants that may affect the pharmacological response to a drug are, among others, nongenetic factors, including age, gender, use of comedication, and liver and renal function. Nonetheless, these covariates do not explain all the observed interpatient variability. Differences in genetic constitution among patients have been identified to be important factors that contribute to differences in drug response. Because genetic polymorphism may affect the expression and activity of proteins encoded, it is a key covariate that is responsible for variability in drug metabolism, drug transport, and pharmacodynamic drug effects. We present a series of four reviews about pharmacogenetic variability. This third part in the series of reviews is focused on genetic variability in phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes (glutathione S-transferases, uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferases, methyltransferases, sulfotransferases, and N-acetyltransferases) and discusses the effects of genetic polymorphism within the genes encoding these enzymes on anticancer drug therapy outcome. Based on the literature reviewed, opportunities for patient-tailored anticancer therapy are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten J Deenen
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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167
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Mahmoud MI, Kassem HS, Abdel Wahab NH, Saad AA, Moez P. The association between glutathione S-transferase P1 polymorphisms and asthma in Egyptians. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud I. Mahmoud
- Chest Diseases Department Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Heba Sh. Kassem
- Pathology Department and Clinical Genomics Center Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Nashwa H. Abdel Wahab
- Chest Diseases Department Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Abeer A. Saad
- Institute of Graduate Studies and Research Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Pacint Moez
- Clinical Pathology Department Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
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Deenen MJ, Cats A, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM. Part 1: background, methodology, and clinical adoption of pharmacogenetics. Oncologist 2011; 16:811-9. [PMID: 21632456 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2010-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Equivalent drug doses may lead to wide interpatient variability with regard to drug response, reflected by differences in drug activity and normal tissue toxicity. A major factor responsible for this variability is variation among patients in their genetic constitution. Genetic polymorphism may affect the activity of proteins encoded, which in turn may lead to changes in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior of a drug, observed as differences in drug transport, drug metabolism, and pharmacodynamic drug effects. Recent insights into the functional effect of polymorphism in genes that are involved in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anticancer drugs have provided opportunities for patient-tailored therapy in oncology. Individualized pharmacotherapy based on genotype will help to increase treatment efficacy while reducing unnecessary toxicity, especially of drugs characterized by a narrow therapeutic window, such as anticancer drugs. We provide a series of four reviews aimed at implementing pharmacogenetic-based drug and dose prescription in the daily clinical setting for the practicing oncologist. This first part in the series describes the functional impact of genetic polymorphism and provides a general background to and insight into possible clinical consequences of pharmacogenetic variability. It also discusses different methodologies for clinical pharmacogenetic studies and provides a concise overview about the different laboratory technologies for genetic mutation analysis that are currently widely applied. Subsequently, pharmacogenetic association studies in anticancer drug transport, phase I and II drug metabolism, and pharmacodynamic drug effects are discussed in the rest of the series. Opportunities for patient-tailored pharmacotherapy are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten J Deenen
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Schroer KT, Gibson AM, Sivaprasad U, Bass SA, Ericksen MB, Wills-Karp M, Lecras T, Fitzpatrick AM, Brown LAS, Stringer KF, Hershey GKK. Downregulation of glutathione S-transferase pi in asthma contributes to enhanced oxidative stress. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128:539-48. [PMID: 21570714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTPi) is the predominant redox regulator in the lung. Although evidence implicates an important role for GSTPi in asthma, the mechanism for this has remained elusive. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine how GSTPi is regulated in asthma and to elucidate its role in maintaining redox homeostasis. METHODS We elucidated the regulation of GSTPi in children with asthma and used murine models of asthma to determine the role of GSTPi in redox homeostasis. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that GSTPi transcript levels are markedly downregulated in allergen- and IL-13-treated murine models of asthma through signal transducer and activator of transcription 6-dependent and independent pathways. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 was also downregulated in these models. The decrease in GSTPi expression was associated with decreased total glutathione S-transferase activity in the lungs of mice. Examination of cystine intermediates uncovered a functional role for GSTPi in regulating cysteine oxidation, whereby GSTPi-deficient mice exhibited increased oxidative stress (increase in percentage cystine) compared with wild-type mice after allergen challenge. GSTPi expression was similarly downregulated in children with asthma. CONCLUSIONS These data collectively suggest that downregulation of GSTPi after allergen challenge might contribute to the asthma phenotype because of disruption of redox homeostasis and increased oxidative stress. Furthermore, GSTPi might be an important therapeutic target for asthma, and evaluation of GSTPi expression might prove beneficial in identifying patients who would benefit from therapy targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy T Schroer
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Thévenin AF, Zony CL, Bahnson BJ, Colman RF. GST pi modulates JNK activity through a direct interaction with JNK substrate, ATF2. Protein Sci 2011; 20:834-48. [PMID: 21384452 DOI: 10.1002/pro.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Human GSTpi, an important detoxification enzyme, has been shown to modulate the activity of JNKs by inhibiting apoptosis and by causing cell proliferation and tumor growth. In this work, we describe a detailed analysis of the interaction in vitro between GSTpi and JNK isoforms (both in their inactive and active, phosphorylated forms). The ability of active JNK1 or JNK2 to phosphorylate their substrate, ATF2, is inhibited by two naturally occurring GSTpi haplotypes (Ile105/Ala114, WT or haplotype A, and Val105/Val114, haplotype C). Haplotype C of GSTpi is a more potent inhibitor of JNK activity than haplotype A, yielding 75-80% and 25-45% inhibition, respectively. We show that GSTpi is not a substrate of JNK, as was earlier suggested by others. Through binding studies, we demonstrate that the interaction between GSTpi and phosphorylated, active JNKs is isoform specific, with JNK1 being the preferred isoform. In contrast, GSTpi does not interact with unphosphorylated, inactive JNKs unless a JNK substrate, ATF2, is present. We also demonstrate, for the first time, a direct interaction: between GSTpi and ATF2. GSTpi binds with similar affinity to active JNK + ATF2 and to ATF2 alone. Direct binding experiments between ATF2 and GSTpi, either alone or in the presence of glutathione analogs or phosphorylated ATF2, indicate that the xenobiotic portion of the GSTpi active site and the JNK binding domain of ATF2 are involved in this interaction. Competition between GSTpi and active JNK for the substrate ATF2 may be responsible for the inhibition of JNK catalysis by GSTpi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia F Thévenin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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Abstract
GSTP1 Ile105Val Polymorphism in Serbian Patients with Pancreatic DiseasesThe aim of the current preliminary case-control study was to identify glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) Ile105Val allele and genotype frequency and to evaluate its impact on susceptibility to pancreatic diseases in a Serbian population. This study has encompassed 157 patients with three major types of chronic pancreatic pathology: 47 with pancreatic cancer, 50 with chronic pancreatitis and 60 with type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as 107 healthy individuals. The presence of GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism was analyzed using a PCR-RFLP method. Allele 105Val was less frequent in patients with pancreatic cancer (24.5%) and chronic pancreatitis (24.0%) and slightly more frequent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (31.7%) in comparison to healthy individuals (29.9%), but the differences were not statistically significant. Distribution of Ile105Val polymorphism genotypes differed between the analyzed groups, but differences were also not statistically significant. There are only a few studies regarding the role of GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism in pancreatic diseases and their results are inconsistent. The significance of GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism for pancreatic pathology remains unclear and further studies are needed in order to elucidate its role in pancreatic diseases.
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Cho HR, Uhm YK, Kim HJ, Ban JY, Chung JH, Yim SV, Choi BK, Lee MH. Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) polymorphism is associated with atopic dermatitis susceptibility in a Korean population. Int J Immunogenet 2010; 38:145-50. [PMID: 21176116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2010.00987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic pruritic skin condition affecting as much as 15% of children in industrialized countries. While the underlying pathophysiology of AD is not entirely understood, several studies have suggested that AD may mediated by oxidative stress. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a class of polymorphic enzymes that function to protect against oxidative stress. To identify any possible associations between GSTs polymorphisms and AD susceptibility, the prevalence of two specific polymorphisms -GSTM1 and GSTT1 (homozygous deletion vs. undeleted) - were quantified by multiplex PCR in 145 patients with AD and 267 healthy controls. In individuals with AD, GSTM1/GSTT1 polymorphisms were compared with family history of AD, age of disease onset, disease severity [per SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD)], serum IgE level and presence of other allergic diseases. While the GSTM1-null genotype was found to be significantly associated with AD (P = 0.033, OR = 1.579, 95% CI = 1.037-2.403), the correlation between the GSTT1-null genotype and AD did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.577, OR = 1.125, 95% CI = 0.744-1.702). The GSTM1-null genotype was also found to be significantly associated with a childhood onset of AD, the absence of other allergic diseases, and a family history of AD. In combination, these results suggest that GSTM1 is associated with AD susceptibility in Korean subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-R Cho
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Schultz EN, Devadason SG, Khoo SK, Zhang G, Bizzintino JA, Martin AC, Goldblatt J, Laing IA, Le Souëf PN, Hayden CM. The role of GSTP1 polymorphisms and tobacco smoke exposure in children with acute asthma. J Asthma 2010; 47:1049-56. [PMID: 20858151 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2010.508856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glutathione S-transferase enzymes (GSTs) play an important role in the detoxification of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), which contributes to airway inflammation, a key component of asthma. Genetic variation in GST genes may influence individuals' ability to detoxify environmental pollutants. OBJECTIVE To examine the role of polymorphisms in GSTP1 (Ile105Val and Ala114Val), alone and in combination with ETS exposure, on atopy and asthma severity. METHODS GSTP1 Ile105Val and Ala114Val were genotyped and ETS exposure was assessed by parental questionnaire, which was validated by urinary cotinine measurements. Associations between ETS exposure, GSTP1 polymorphisms, and their interaction on atopy and asthma severity were investigated. RESULTS For the functional GSTP1 105 SNP, those with the Ile/Ile genotype had odds for atopy of 2.77 (p = .054) when assessed by genotype alone, which increased to 9.02 (p = .050) when ETS was included, relative to individuals with other genotypes. Likewise, compared to children with other GSTP1 114 genotypes, those with Ala/Ala genotype had a 5.47-fold (p = .002) increased risk of atopy (p = .020) when assessed by genotype alone, increasing to 9.17-fold when ETS was included. The 105 Ile/Ile individuals all had the AA (105 Ile/Ile and 114 Ala/Ala) haplotype group; therefore, the odds for atopy were the same. Individuals without any *C haplotype (105 Val and 114 Val allele) who were exposed to ETS had a 9.17-fold increased risk of atopy when compared with individuals with at least one *C haplotype and not exposed to ETS (p = .020). CONCLUSION There were significant interactions between GSTP1 SNPs, atopy, and ETS exposure in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Nee Schultz
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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Fisk MZ, Steigerwald MD, Smoliga JM, Rundell KW. Asthma in swimmers: a review of the current literature. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2010; 38:28-34. [PMID: 21150139 DOI: 10.3810/psm.2010.12.1822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is common in many types of athletes, but its prevalence appears to be particularly high in swimmers. Long-term and acute exposure to swimming pool disinfectants has been shown to increase asthma risk in swimmers through inducing oxidative stress, which results in inflammation of the pulmonary epithelium and subsequent airway remodeling. Individuals with specific genotypes are more likely to develop asthma when exposed to inhaled irritants. Therefore, it is important for physicians to be knowledgeable about the risks associated with asthma in swimmers, as well as the diagnostic techniques and practices to reduce asthma symptoms.
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175
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Pander J, Wessels JAM, Gelderblom H, van der Straaten T, Punt CJA, Guchelaar HJ. Pharmacogenetic interaction analysis for the efficacy of systemic treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2010; 22:1147-1153. [PMID: 21048041 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacogenetic markers related to drug metabolism and mechanisms of action could help to better select patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) for treatment. Genetic interaction analysis is used as a rational tool to study the contribution of polygenic variation in relation to drug response. PATIENTS AND METHODS A selection of 17 polymorphisms in genes encoding drug targets, pathway molecules and detoxification enzymes was analyzed in 279 previously untreated mCRC patients treated with capecitabine, oxaliplatin and bevacizumab (CAPOX-B). Multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis was used to identify a genetic interaction profile for progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Median PFS was 10.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) 9.4-12.4] months. A genetic interaction profile consisting of the TYMS enhancer region and VEGF +405G>C polymorphisms was significantly associated with PFS. Median PFS was 13.3 (95% CI 11.4-15.3) and 9.7 (95% CI 7.6-11.8) months for the beneficial and unfavorable genetic profiles, respectively, corresponding to a hazards ratio for PFS of 1.58 (95% CI 1.14-2.19). None of the studied polymorphisms were individually associated with PFS. CONCLUSIONS Our results support a genetic interaction between the TYMS enhancer region and VEGF +405G>C polymorphisms as a predictor of the efficacy of CAPOX-B in mCRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pander
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology
| | | | - H Gelderblom
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden
| | | | - C J A Punt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Savas S. Useful genetic variation databases for oncologists investigating the genetic basis of variable treatment response and survival in cancer. Acta Oncol 2010; 49:1217-26. [PMID: 20670087 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2010.500297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the genetic basis of variable treatment response, prognosis and survival in cancer patients (i.e. personalized medicine) is an important aim in current medicine. Millions of genetic variations exist in the human genome, some of which are already found to be directly involved in variable treatment response and survival among cancer patients. GENETIC VARIATION DATABASES: Special databases curate, compile, organize and post information related to these genetic variations for the scientific community in a user friendly and free-to-access manner via the World Wide Web. FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND CONCLUSION: Clinicians have a critical role in genetic predictive and prognostic studies. In this review, main public-domain databases on genetic variations, including the two comprehensive genetic variation databases (dbSNP and HapMap), a pharmacogenomics database (PharmGKB), two resequencing-based genetic variation databases (SeattleSNPs and EGP), a population-based genetic variation database (JSNPs), and a copy-number variant database (DGV), and their utility in cancer research are discussed. Utilization of these databases can assist clinicians in their studies related to treatment response and prognosis in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevtap Savas
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
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Yadav DS, Devi TR, Ihsan R, Mishra AK, Kaushal M, Chauhan PS, Bagadi SAR, Sharma J, Zamoawia E, Verma Y, Nandkumar A, Saxena S, Kapur S. Polymorphisms of glutathione-S-transferase genes and the risk of aerodigestive tract cancers in the Northeast Indian population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2010; 14:715-23. [PMID: 20854097 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2010.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread use of tobacco and betel quid consumption and a high incidence of tobacco-associated aerodigestive tract cancers have been reported in different ethnic groups from several regions of Northeast (NE) India. This study was done to explore the possibility of phase II metabolic enzymes being responsible for the high prevalence of cancers in this region of India. METHODS Samples from 370 cases with oral, gastric, and lung cancers and 270 controls were analyzed for polymorphism of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) genes using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism-based methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Tobacco smoking and betel quid chewing were found to be high risk factors for oral and lung cancers but not for gastric cancer, whereas tobacco chewing was found to be a risk factor for oral cancer but not for gastric or lung cancer. The variant genotypes of GSTP1 were not associated with any of the aerodigestive tract cancers. GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes appeared to play a protective role for lung cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 0.47, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.24-0.93, p = 0.03) and (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28-0.96, p = 0.04), but they were not associated with oral and gastric cancers. However, when data was analyzed in different geographic regions the GSTT1 null genotype was found to be a significant risk factor for oral (OR = 2.58, 95% CI 1.01-6.61, p = 0.05) as well as gastric cancer (OR = 3.08, 95% CI 1.32-7.19, p = 0.009) in samples obtained from the Assam region of NE India. This is the first study on the association of GST polymorphisms and aerodigestive tract cancers in the high-risk region of NE India.
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Wu H, Zheng B, Wang JZ, Pei JH, Jiang LN, Xue ZX. Relationship between genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase genes and susceptibility to ulcerative colitis in Zhejiang Han population. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:2780-2784. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i26.2780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the association between the genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) genes and susceptibility to ulcerative colitis (UC) in Zhejiang Han population.
METHODS: A total of 252 patients with UC were collected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College and other large general hospitals in Wenzhou City. The control group was composed of 578 healthy volunteers. PCR was used to examine the prevalence of GST (M1, T1, P1) gene polymorphisms in these subjects.
RESULTS: The frequencies of GSTM1 (-), GSTT1 (-) and GSTP1 (VaL/VaL) were significantly higher in UC patients than in controls (69.45% vs 46.30%, P = 0.0003; 61.51% vs 51.39%, P = 0.007; 48.81% vs 34.61%, P < 0.0001). A further observation was made on the UC patients according to the clinical features. The frequencies of GSTT1 (-) and GSTP1 (VaL/VaL) genotypes were higher in patients with distal colitis than in those with extensive colitis (P = 0.0001 and 0.001). However, the same result was not observed for GSTM1 (-) genotype (P = 0.108). In addition, the variant genotypes of GST (M1, T1, P1) were not significantly linked to the severity of the disease (all P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The GST (M1, T1, P1) variant genotypes are obviously correlated with the development of UC in Zhejiang Han population.
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Pappa KI, Roubelakis M, Vlachos G, Marinopoulos S, Zissou A, Anagnou NP, Antsaklis A. Variable effects of maternal and paternal-fetal contribution to the risk for preeclampsia combining GSTP1, eNOS, and LPL gene polymorphisms. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2010; 24:628-35. [PMID: 20836743 PMCID: PMC3055718 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2010.511351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the maternal, paternal, and fetal genotype contribution to preeclampsia. Study design, materials, and methods We combined the analysis of polymorphisms of the GSTP1, eNOS, and LPL genes – affecting biotransformation enzymes and endothelial function – in a cohort of 167 preeclamptic and normal control trios (mother, father, and child) comprising a total of 501 samples in the Greek population, never analyzed before by this approach. Results For the frequency of the GSTP1 Ile105/Val105, the eNOS Glu298Asp and the LPL-93 polymorphisms, statistically significant differences were found between the two groups. However, the transmission rates of the parental alleles to neonates studied by the transmission disequilibrium test, disclosed no increased rate of transmission to preeclampsia children for the variant alleles of Val105 GSTP1, 298Asp eNOS, and -93G LPL. Conclusions These novel data, suggest that interaction of all three types of genotypes (mother, father and neonate), reveals no effects on the development of preeclampsia, but provide the impetus for further studies to decipher the individual contribution of each genetic parameter of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi I Pappa
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens School of Medicine, Alexandra University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Ernst A, Andersen V, Østergaard M, Jacobsen BA, Dagiliene E, Pedersen IS, Drewes AM, Okkels H, Krarup HB. Genetic variants of glutathione S-transferases mu, theta, and pi display no susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease in the Danish population. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010; 45:1068-75. [PMID: 20459366 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2010.490594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A combination of genetic predisposition and interactions with environmental factors are believed to be responsible for disease phenotype and disease progression in inflammatory bowel diseases. The harmful effect of smoking and other environmental factors is believed to be highly dependent on the activity of detoxification enzymes. The aims of the study were to examine possible associations between the detoxifying glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) family mu, theta and pi gene variants and inflammatory bowel disease, and secondly to examine a potential genotype-genotype interaction between these variants. Genotype-disease phenotype associations and a possible interaction between genotype and cigarette smoking were also assessed. METHODS Three hundred and eighty-eight patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 565 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 796 healthy Danish controls were included in the study. Genomic DNA was used for genotyping of the GST genes using PCR or real-time PCR. RESULTS No associations were found between GST genotypes and inflammatory bowel diseases. Neither did a combination of the GST genotypes reveal any associations. No genotype-disease phenotype associations were found. Smoking was positively associated with CD and negatively associated with UC. An interaction between smoking and GSTM1*0 genotype was found for UC, where the GSTM1*0 genotype appear to strengthen the protective effect of smoking on disease susceptibility. CONCLUSION The GST genotypes do not seem to be important in susceptibility of inflammatory bowel disease in the Danish population. Nor did we find convincing evidence of associations between GST genotype and phenotypic features of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Ernst
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Zendehdel N, Biramijamal F, Zendehdel N, Sarie H, Doughaiemoghaddam M, Pourshams A, Latifi-Navid S, Dehghani M. The role and frequency of glutathione s-transferase P1 polymorphism in Iranian patients affected with reflux esophagitis. Dis Esophagus 2010; 23:603-7. [PMID: 20459448 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2010.01063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reflux esophagitis is a common complication of the gastroesophageal reflux disease. Glutathione s-transferases (GSTs) have important role in the protection of cells from the products of oxidative stress. GSTP1*B allele has a correlation with susceptibility to several diseases. In this case-control study, the role and frequency of GSTP1 polymorphism was evaluated in Iranian patients with erosive reflux esophagitis. Seventy patients with erosive reflux esophagitis and 75 normal individuals were enrolled in this study. The grade of esophagitis was determined via endoscopy. DNA was extracted from venous blood of each subject using the salting out method. GSTP1 genetic polymorphisms were detected using the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method. There was a significant difference in GSTP1 genotype frequency between patients and normal groups (P= 0.006). Also, in the patient group, the grade B of esophagitis was significantly associated with variant GSTP1 genotype (P= 0.028). The rate of throat pain symptom was higher in the no-variant group (P < 0.036). The GSTP1*B allele frequency in Iranian normal groups is similar to Orientals. Reflux esophagitis are more commonly found in variant (*B/*B and *A/*B) GSTP1 genotypes. In addition, GSTP1 polymorphism is correlated with a higher grade of esophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zendehdel
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Pajoohesh Boulevard, Tehran, Iran
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Filonzi L, Magnani C, de' Angelis GL, Dallaglio S, Nonnis Marzano F. Evidence that polymorphic deletion of the glutathione S-transferase gene, GSTM1, is associated with esophageal atresia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 88:743-7. [PMID: 20740495 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Phase II study of biweekly S-1 and oxaliplatin combination chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer and pharmacogenetic analysis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 67:1323-31. [PMID: 20734048 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-010-1425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of S-1 in combination with oxaliplatin in a biweekly schedule as first-line treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer and the association between genetic polymorphisms and treatment outcomes. METHODS Eligibility included age 18-75 years, at least one measurable lesion, no prior chemotherapy except adjuvant chemotherapy, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (PS) 0-2. S-1 40 mg/m(2) b.i.d. on days 1-7 with 85 mg/m(2) of oxaliplatin on day 1 was repeated every 2 weeks. Genomic DNA from whole blood was analyzed for 15 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among 8 genes. RESULTS Fifty-two patients (median age 63 years, range 37-74) were enrolled: 37 men and 15 women; 44 with a PS of 0 and 8 with a PS of 1; and 41 with initially metastatic cancer and 11 with relapsed disease. Among 51 evaluable patients, objective response rate was 47.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 32.9-61.2]. Median follow-up duration was 17.1 months (range 3.9-28.2 months). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.4 months (95% CI 4.8-8.1), and median overall survival had not been reached yet. Reported grade 3 toxicities were neutropenia (7.7%), thrombocytopenia (5.8%), sensory neuropathy (7.7%) and diarrhea (1.9%). There was no grade 4 toxicity or neutropenic fever. Patients with A/G or G/G genotype in GSTP1 Ile105Val SNP had longer PFS than patients with A/A (median 8.3 vs. 6.1 months, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Biweekly S-1 with oxaliplatin is effective and has improved tolerability and convenience compared to other fluoropyrimidine with oxaliplatin combinations. GSTP1 Ile105Val SNP is associated with treatment outcomes.
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Chua W, Kho PS, Moore MM, Charles KA, Clarke SJ. Clinical, laboratory and molecular factors predicting chemotherapy efficacy and toxicity in colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2010; 79:224-50. [PMID: 20719530 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment has evolved significantly over the last ten years with the use of active chemotherapeutic agents including fluoropyrimidines, oxaliplatin and irinotecan plus targeted monoclonal antibodies bevacizumab, cetuximab and panitumumab. The addition of newer chemotherapeutic agents and targeted therapies has improved patient outcomes at the cost of increased toxicity with not all patients benefiting from these treatments. It is necessary for clinicians to more accurately predict clinical outcomes particularly in the predominantly elderly CRC patient population. This review aims to summarise existing data regarding the use of clinical and laboratory variables plus molecular markers in predicting response, survival and toxicity to chemotherapy agents and targeted monoclonal antibodies currently used in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chua
- Sydney Cancer Centre, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Hospital Road, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
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185
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Matakova T, Sivonova M, Halasova E, Mistuna D, Dzian A, Berzinec P, Letkova L, Dobrota D. Gene polymorphisms of biotransforming enzymes (GSTs) and their association with lung cancer in the Slovakian population. Eur J Med Res 2010; 14 Suppl 4:275-9. [PMID: 20156772 PMCID: PMC3521327 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-14-s4-275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of present study was to present the results of a case-control study focused on genetic polymorphisms of selected Phase II metabolizing enzymes (GSTM1, T1, and P1) and to investigate the association of these polymorphisms with lung cancer risk in the Slovakian population. Material and methods The study encompassed 160 lung cancer cases and 220 controls. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes, and the polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 enzymes were determined by PCR-based methods. We determined the genotype distribution of all these genes and their combinations. The association between specific genotypes and the development of lung cancer were examined using logistic regression analysis to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results We found that the GSTM1 null genotype (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.03-2.4; χ2 = 4.08, and P = 0.04) was associated with elevated risk. A significant correlation also was found for the combined genotypes of GSTM1 null and GSTP1 Ile/Val and Val/Val (OR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.1-6.1; χ2 = 3.6, and P = 0.02) and GSTM1 null and GSTT1 positive (OR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.2-3.2; χ2 = 7.3, and P = 0.006). Conclusions We conclude that the genotype of metabolizing enzymes and allelic combinations underscore the risk for lung cancer. Individual risk assessment may be further improved by increasing the number of polymorphisms studied and combining them with the traditional epidemiological risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Matakova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
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186
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Wang J, Jiang J, Zhao Y, Gajalakshmi V, Kuriki K, Suzuki S, Nagaya T, Nakamura S, Akasaka S, Ishikawa H, Tokudome S. Genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase genes and susceptibility to colorectal cancer: a case-control study in an Indian population. Cancer Epidemiol 2010; 35:66-72. [PMID: 20688591 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Susceptibility to sporadic colorectal cancer is multifactorial and arises from interactive combinations of allelic variants in low-penetrance genes and relevant environmental risk factors. Genetic polymorphisms in metabolic enzymes as gene susceptibility factors may modify colorectal cancer risk. We evaluated the risk of colorectal cancer associated with respective or combined glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphisms and assessed the interactions between genes and environmental factors in a case-control study in an Indian population. METHODS The study included 59 colon and 243 rectal cancer cases, and 291 cancer-free healthy controls. GST genotypes were detected by multiplex PCR-based and PCR-RFLP methods. The risk of cancer associated with GST polymorphisms was estimated by calculation of odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (95% CIs) using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS The GSTM1 null genotype was found to be associated with a significantly increased rectal cancer risk (OR=1.55; 95% CI, 1.05-2.30), while the GSTT1 null genotype with a greater risk of colon cancer (OR=2.15; 95% CI, 1.04-4.32). A substantial increase of both colon (OR=10.81; 95% CI, 1.11-107.22) and rectal (OR=4.80; 95% CI, 0.94-35.91) cancer risk was shown for the combination of GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null and GSTP1 105Val allele. The combined GSTM1 null and GSTP1 114Val allele also revealed an increased risk for either colon cancer (OR=4.69; 95% CI, 0.84-23.87) or rectal cancer (OR=5.68; 95% CI, 1.79-22.16). Furthermore, the combination of GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null and GSTP1 114Val allele was found in 2 rectal cancer cases. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that co-exist of GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null and the variant GSTP1 105Val or 114Val allele may be predisposing risk factors for colorectal cancer in Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wang
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
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187
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[Recent developments of pharmacogenomics in the treatment of colorectal cancers]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2010; 68:233-53. [PMID: 20637356 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CCR), which is one of the most common causes of cancer, has benefited from the major advances in the understanding of the intracellular signaling pathways implicated in the initiation, growing and local and metastasis dissemination of tumor, which have occurred during the 20 past years. The pharmacogenomics approach, especially the determination of the genetic polymorphisms, tries to find prognosis and predictive biomarkers permitting to identify patients who could benefit from a particular treatment or those exhibiting higher risks of toxicity. Among the numerous biomarkers, which have been studied, few are currently in use in clinical practice. The phenotyping of DPD and UGT1A1 activities, and to a lesser extent, its genotyping, appears as the most useful tool in terms of prediction of toxicities induced by two major drugs: 5-FU and irinotecan. For oxaliplatin, the determination of the polymorphisms of reparases and detoxification systems such as GSTpi seems interesting, but its exact place should be more defined. It is in the field of targeted therapies that the pharmacogenomics approach seems to be the more relevant. KRAS mutation is a dramatic example of single nucleotide polymorphism, which is able to identify a priori patients that could receive or not an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody such as cetuximab or panitumumab. It is obvious that pre-clinical identification of molecular biomarkers predictive of the sensitivity of the drug targets, which subsequently implicate the selection of patients and the rational evaluation of responses, will be the cornerstone of any clinical trials concerning targeted therapies. Besides the determination of drug target polymorphisms, it is also important to consider those related to the distribution and metabolism. In this area, the determination of enzymatic activities should recover its place besides the genomic profiling.
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188
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Laborde E. Glutathione transferases as mediators of signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and cell death. Cell Death Differ 2010; 17:1373-80. [DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2010.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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189
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Li D, Dandara C, Parker MI. The 341C/T polymorphism in the GSTP1 gene is associated with increased risk of oesophageal cancer. BMC Genet 2010; 11:47. [PMID: 20540773 PMCID: PMC2891604 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-11-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) comprise a group of enzymes that are critical in the detoxification of carcinogens. In this study the effects of polymorphisms in these genes on the risk of developing oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were evaluated in a hospital-based case-control study in two South African population groups. Genetic polymorphisms in GSTs were investigated in 245 patients and 288 controls samples by PCR-RFLP analysis. Results The GSTP1 341T variant was associated with significantly increased risk of developing OSCC as observed from the odds ratios for the GSTP1 341C/T and GSTP1 341T/T genotypes (OR = 4.98; 95%CI 3.05-8.11 and OR = 10.9; 95%CI 2.43-49.1, respectively) when compared to the homozygous GSTP1 341C/C genotype. The risk for OSCC in the combined GSTP1 341C/T and T/T genotypes was higher in tobacco smokers (OR = 7.51, 95% CI 3.82-14.7), alcohol consumers (OR = 15.3, 95% CI 1.81-12.9) and those using wood or charcoal for cooking and heating (OR = 12.1, 95% CI 3.26-49) when compared to those who did not smoke tobacco, or did not consume alcohol or user other forms of fuel for cooking and heating. Despite the close proximity of the two GSTP1 SNPs (313A>G and 341C>T), they were not in linkage disequilibrium in these two population groups (D':1.0, LOD: 0.52, r2: 0.225). The GSTP1 313A/G polymorphism on the other hand, did not display any association with OSSC. The homozygous GSTT1*0 genotype was associated with increased risk of OSCC (OR = 1.71, 95%CI 1.18-2.46) while the homozygous GSTM1*0 genotype was associated with significantly decreased risk of OSCC in the Mixed Ancestry subjects (OR= 0.39, 95%CI 0.25-0.62). Conclusions This study shows that the risk of developing OSCC in the South African population can be partly explained by genetic polymorphisms in GST coding genes and their interaction with environmental factors such as tobacco smoke and alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Li
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), UCT Campus, Anzio Road Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
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190
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Schwarzenbach H. Predictive diagnostics in colorectal cancer: impact of genetic polymorphisms on individual outcomes and treatment with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. EPMA J 2010. [PMID: 23199090 PMCID: PMC3405340 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-010-0022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy is a standard treatment for patients with colorectal cancer. However, a relevant number of patients suffer from severe toxic side effects, such as haemotoxicity, while lacking clinical response to adjuvant therapy. The inter-individual variations of drug toxicity and efficacy of the pyrimidine antagonist observed in clinical practice are mainly determined by genetic polymorphisms. The screening of genotypes, such as thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase or glutathione S-transferase, could help identifying those patients with colorectal carcinoma who can actually benefit from a 5-FU-based therapy. The current chapter elucidates the roles of the polymorphisms in the enzymes involved in the 5-FU metabolic pathway as prognostic and predictive markers. It reports on the relationship between various genotypes in patients with colorectal carcinoma and their responsiveness to a 5-FU-based chemotherapy, and concludes with an outlook on possible future directions in treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Schwarzenbach
- Institute of Tumour Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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191
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Li QF, Yao RY, Liu KW, Lv HY, Jiang T, Liang J. Genetic polymorphism of GSTP1: prediction of clinical outcome to oxaliplatin/5-FU-based chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer. J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25:846-52. [PMID: 20514304 PMCID: PMC2877230 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.6.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of the polymorphism Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) Ile(105)Val on oxaliplatin/5-FU-based chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer. Patients with advanced gastric cancer accepted oxaliplatin/5-FU-based chemotherapy as first-line chemotherapy were investigated. GSTP1 Ile(105)Val polymorphism was detected by TaqMan-MGB probe allelic discrimination method. Response to treatment was assessed by disease controlled rate. Time to progression, overall survival and toxicities were recorded. Final patient outcomes were as follows: the allele frequencies of GSTP1 were (105)Ile/(105)Ile 52%, (105)Ile/(105)Val 41% and (105)Val/(105)Val 7%. For patients with (105)Ile/(105)Ile and those with at least one (105)Val allele, disease control rate was 39% and 71% (P=0.026), respectively; median time to progression was 4.0 and 7.0 months (P=0.002); median overall survival time was 7.0 and 9.5 months (P=0.002). Neurological toxicity was more frequently occurred in patients with two (105)Ile alleles (P=0.005). In conclusion, patients with at least one (105)Val allele have better prognosis and response to oxaliplatin/5-FU-based regimen as first-line treatment for patients with advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Fang Li
- Treatment and Research Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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192
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Szental JA, Baird PN, Richardson AJ, Islam FMA, Scholl HPN, Charbel Issa P, Holz FG, Gillies M, Guymer RH. Analysis of glutathione S-transferase Pi isoform (GSTP1) single-nucleotide polymorphisms and macular telangiectasia type 2. Int Ophthalmol 2010; 30:645-50. [PMID: 20499266 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-010-9374-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent imaging studies have suggested that macular pigment is decreased centrally in macular telangiectasia type 2 (MT2). The uptake of xanthophyll pigment into the macula is thought to be facilitated by a xanthophyll-binding protein (XBP). The Pi isoform of glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1) represents one such XBP with high binding affinity. This case-control study aimed to determine whether two common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GSTP1 were associated with MT2. DNA samples from 39 cases and 21 controls were collected. Two polymorphic sites of Ile105Val and Ala114Val in exons 5 and 6 respectively, of the GSTP1 gene were analysed. Comparison of alleles and genotypes between cases and controls indicated that there were no statistically significant differences for either the Ile105Val SNP (P=0.43) or the Ala114Val SNP (P=0.85), or for any combinations; however, the homozygous at-risk genotype (GG) of the Ile105Val SNP was present in 8% of cases but absent in controls. This study found no statistically significant association between two common GSTP1 SNPs and MT2; however, a trend towards a greater frequency of the GG genotype of the Ile105Val SNP in cases is of great interest. The biological plausibility of disturbed macular pigment uptake in MT2 makes GSTP1 an excellent candidate gene. Further investigation is warranted in future studies of MT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Szental
- The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Prahran, Melbourne, VIC, 3181, Australia.
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193
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Pinto N, Ludeman SM, Dolan ME. Drug focus: Pharmacogenetic studies related to cyclophosphamide-based therapy. Pharmacogenomics 2010; 10:1897-903. [PMID: 19958089 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.09.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide is a cornerstone in the treatment of many pediatric and adult malignancies, as well as in the treatment of refractory autoimmune conditions. Genetic factors are thought to play a role in the interindividual variation in both response and toxicities associated with cyclophosphamide-based therapies. This drug focus reviews the most compelling studies conducted on the pharmacogenetics of cyclophosphamide-based therapies. Broader pharmacogenomic studies are needed and may reveal additional factors important in susceptibility to toxicity and/or response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Pinto
- University of Chicago, 900 East 57th Street, Room 7100, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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194
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Di Pietro G, Magno LAV, Rios-Santos F. Glutathione S-transferases: an overview in cancer research. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 6:153-70. [PMID: 20078251 DOI: 10.1517/17425250903427980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD The Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) have advanced beyond the classic view of their role in metabolism and are encouraging scientists to assess new approaches to cancer risk characterization and chemotherapy resistance and are opening up exciting possibilities in drug discovery. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW In this review, the most recent knowledge about the impact of GST genetic polymorphisms in human's cancer susceptibility, ethnic differences in the effects of risk factors and the rise of the GSTs as important targets for drug development are presented. In this context, the ethnic distribution of GST alleles in different populations, which is an important concept that is being incorporated in epidemiologic studies of cancer risk and environmental exposure, was also evaluated. We present up-to-date information about the new generation of GST-activated cytotoxic prodrugs based on GST overexpression in tumor-acquired drug resistance and the newest results of clinical trials. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN A critical approach of the major advances in research of GST, underlining the new advances of GST genes polymorphisms in cancer susceptibility and target for therapeutic intervention. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Although polygenic factors are involved in increased risk of cancer, the interindividual GST variability plays a central role in reduce cells exposure to carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Di Pietro
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacogenômica e Epidemiologia Molecular (LAFEM), Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900, Brazil.
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195
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Yan F, Chen C, Jing J, Li W, Shen H, Wang X. Association between polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase P1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis. Respir Med 2010; 104:473-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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196
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Kanai M, Yoshioka A, Tanaka S, Nagayama S, Matsumoto S, Nishimura T, Niimi M, Teramukai S, Takahashi R, Mori Y, Kitano T, Ishiguro H, Yanagihara K, Chiba T, Fukushima M, Matsuda F. Associations between glutathione S-transferase π Ile105Val and glyoxylate aminotransferase Pro11Leu and Ile340Met polymorphisms and early-onset oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy. Cancer Epidemiol 2010; 34:189-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2010.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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197
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Funke S, Timofeeva M, Risch A, Hoffmeister M, Stegmaier C, Seiler CM, Brenner H, Chang-Claude J. Genetic polymorphisms in GST genes and survival of colorectal cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Pharmacogenomics 2010; 11:33-41. [PMID: 20017670 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) participate in the detoxification of chemotherapeutic agents. Genetic polymorphisms in GST genes (GSTP1 Ile105Val, copy-number variants of GSTM1 and GSTT1) that lead to diminished enzyme activity have been associated with increased chemotherapeutic treatment benefit in colorectal cancer patients. AIMS We assessed the effect of genetic polymorphisms in GST genes on survival in colorectal cancer patients treated with adjuvant/palliative chemotherapy. As GSTs participate in the metabolism of platinum metabolites, we also assessed the association between genetic variants in GST genes and survival of colorectal cancer patients who received treatment with oxaliplatin. MATERIALS & METHODS We followed 338 colorectal cancer patients treated with chemotherapy for a median of 36.4 months since treatment start. A total of 65 of the patients received treatment with oxaliplatin. Polymorphisms were genotyped by fluorescence-based melting curve analysis (GSTP1 Ile105Val), a relative quantification method (copy-number variants of GSTM1 and GSTT1), and PCR followed by gel electrophoresis (null/non-null genotypes for GSTM1 and GSTT1). Associations between genotypes and overall survival were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS As hypothesized, GSTM1 copy number variant was inversely associated with survival in colorectal cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Mortality was significantly reduced in patients with one GSTM1 copy (hazard ratio: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.23-0.90, p = 0.02) and nonsignificantly reduced in those with the null genotype (HR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.35-1.27, p = 0.22) compared with carriers of two copies. Both GSTP1 genotype and GSTT1 genotype were not associated with survival. CONCLUSION This is the first study to provide suggestive evidence for an effect of copy-number variation of GSTM1 on survival in colorectal cancer patients who received chemotherapy. Large studies are warranted to establish the impact of GST genotypes on treatment outcome in colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Funke
- German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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198
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Matsuzaka Y, Kikuti YY, Mizutani A, Aoyama Y, Kakuta K, Oka A, Inoko H, Sakabe K, Ishikawa S, Kulski JK, Kimura M. Association study between sick building syndrome and polymorphisms of seven human detoxification genes in the Japanese. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 29:190-194. [PMID: 21787601 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sick building syndrome (SBS) is a chronic disorder caused by exposure to diverse indoor environmental or chemical pollutants. This study examined the association between seven detoxification genes (CYP1A1, CYP2E1, EPHX1, GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, and NAT2) and SBS in the Japanese population. One hundred eighty patients with SBS and 401 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. We examined the prevalence for total of eleven genetic polymorphisms of detoxification genes. However, no statistically significant differences in allele and genotype frequency distributions of eleven genetic polymorphisms of these detoxification genes were found between patients and controls. On this basis, we conclude that the polymorphisms that we assessed for the detoxification genes do not contribute to the etiology of SBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Matsuzaka
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Bohseidai, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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199
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Man M, Farmen M, Dumaual C, Teng CH, Moser B, Irie S, Noh GJ, Njau R, Close S, Wise S, Hockett R. Genetic variation in metabolizing enzyme and transporter genes: comprehensive assessment in 3 major East Asian subpopulations with comparison to Caucasians and Africans. J Clin Pharmacol 2010; 50:929-40. [PMID: 20173083 DOI: 10.1177/0091270009355161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The advent of high-throughput technologies has proven valuable in the assessment of genetic differences and their effects on drug activation, metabolism, disposition, and transport. However, most studies to date have focused on a small number of genes or few alleles, some of which are rare and therefore observed infrequently or lacked rigorous ethnic characterization, thus reducing the ability to extrapolate within and among populations. In this study, the authors comprehensively assessed the allele frequencies of 165 variants comprising 27 drug-metabolizing enzyme and transporter (DMET) genes from 2188 participants across 3 major ethnic populations: Caucasians, Africans, and East Asians. This sample size was sufficiently large to demonstrate genetic differences among these major ethnic groups while concomitantly confirming similarities among East Asian subpopulations (Korean, Han Chinese, and Japanese). A comprehensive presentation of allele and genotype frequencies is included in the online supplement, and 3 of the most widely studied cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes, CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP2C9; 2 non-CYP enzymes, NAT1 and TMPT; and 2 transporter genes, SLCO1B1 and SLCO2B1, are presented herein according to ethnic classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Man
- Discovery and Development Statistics, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center DC 2026, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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200
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Chen YC, Tzeng CH, Chen PM, Lin JK, Lin TC, Chen WS, Jiang JK, Wang HS, Wang WS. Influence of GSTP1 I105V polymorphism on cumulative neuropathy and outcome of FOLFOX-4 treatment in Asian patients with colorectal carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:530-5. [PMID: 19922504 PMCID: PMC11158438 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01418.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) participates in detoxification of potentially genotoxic compounds that may alter the efficacy and toxicity of platinum-based chemotherapy. We analyzed the influence of I105V polymorphism of GSTP1 on clinico-pathological features and outcomes in 166 Chinese patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma who had been treated with first-line FOLFOX-4. Combined analysis of GSTP1 I105V, ERCC1-118, and XPD-751 polymorphisms was also conducted. The results showed that, in comparison with Caucasian populations, a remarkably lower prevalence of Val105 allele variants was noted (24.7%). Patients with Val105 allele variants had a higher response to FOLFOX-4 (56.1%vs 37.6%, P = 0.04), and a longer progression-free (P < 0.01) as well as overall (P < 0.01) survival. By adjusted analysis, this polymorphism was identified as an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.01). In combined analysis, patients without any risk genotype, including GSTP1-105 Ile/Ile, ERCC1-118 C/T or T/T, and XPD-751 Lys/Gln, had significantly longer progression-free and overall survivals (P < 0.01). In addition, patients with Val105 allele variants had a higher incidence of grade 3/4 cumulative neuropathy after different cycles of treatment. These data suggest that Asian populations have a lower prevalence of I105V polymorphism in GSTP1. I105V polymorphism in GSTP1, by reducing its enzymatic activity and consequential detoxification to oxaliplatin, could be a key determinant for a better outcome, but more neurotoxicity, to FOLFOX-4 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chung Chen
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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