151
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Xie Y, Zhao L, Xue J, Hu Q, Xu X, Wang H. A cooperative reduction model for regional air pollution control in China that considers adverse health effects and pollutant reduction costs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 573:458-469. [PMID: 27572538 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
How to effectively control severe regional air pollution has become a focus of global concern recently. The non-cooperative reduction model (NCRM) is still the main air pollution control pattern in China, but it is both ineffective and costly, because each province must independently fight air pollution. Thus, we proposed a cooperative reduction model (CRM), with the goal of maximizing the reduction in adverse health effects (AHEs) at the lowest cost by encouraging neighboring areas to jointly control air pollution. CRM has two parts: a model of optimal pollutant removal rates using two optimization objectives (maximizing the reduction in AHEs and minimizing pollutant reduction cost) while meeting the regional pollution control targets set by the central government, and a model that allocates the cooperation benefits (i.e., health improvement and cost reduction) among the participants according to their contributions using the Shapley value method. We applied CRM to the case of sulfur dioxide (SO2) reduction in Yangtze River Delta region. Based on data from 2003 to 2013, and using mortality due to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases as the health endpoints, CRM saves 437 more lives than NCRM, amounting to 12.1% of the reduction under NCRM. CRM also reduced costs by US $65.8×106 compared with NCRM, which is 5.2% of the total cost of NCRM. Thus, CRM performs significantly better than NCRM. Each province obtains significant benefits from cooperation, which can motivate them to actively cooperate in the long term. A sensitivity analysis was performed to quantify the effects of parameter values on the cooperation benefits. Results shown that the CRM is not sensitive to the changes in each province's pollutant carrying capacity and the minimum pollutant removal capacity, but sensitive to the maximum pollutant reduction capacity. Moreover, higher cooperation benefits will be generated when a province's maximum pollutant reduction capacity increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Xie
- School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Laijun Zhao
- Sino-US Global Logistics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Rd., Shanghai 200030, China; Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Rd., Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Jian Xue
- School of Management, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingmi Hu
- Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Rd., Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Rd., Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Sino-US Global Logistics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Rd., Shanghai 200030, China; Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Rd., Shanghai 200030, China
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152
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Bai Y, Sun Q. Fine particulate matter air pollution and atherosclerosis: Mechanistic insights. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2863-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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153
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Chu X, Liu XJ, Qiu JM, Zeng XL, Bao HR, Shu J. Effects of Astragalus and Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides on alveolar macrophage phagocytosis and inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mice exposed to PM2.5. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 48:76-84. [PMID: 27768989 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus and Codonopsis pilosula are used for their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we investigated the effects of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) and Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides (CPP) on alveolar macrophage (AM) phagocytosis and inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associated with exposure to particulate matter with a mean aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5). A mouse model of COPD was established by cigarette smoke exposure. PM2.5 exposure was performed by inhalation of a PM2.5 solution aerosol. APS and CPP were administered intragastrically. COPD showed defective AM phagocytosis and increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum. PM2.5 exposure aggravated the damage, and this effect was reversed by APS and CPP gavage. The results indicate that APS and CPP may promote defective AM phagocytosis and ameliorate the inflammatory response in COPD with or without PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chu
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Ju Liu
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Jing-Man Qiu
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zeng
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hai-Rong Bao
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Juan Shu
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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154
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Sun G, Hazlewood G, Bernatsky S, Kaplan GG, Eksteen B, Barnabe C. Association between Air Pollution and the Development of Rheumatic Disease: A Systematic Review. Int J Rheumatol 2016; 2016:5356307. [PMID: 27847517 PMCID: PMC5099457 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5356307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Environmental risk factors, such as air pollution, have been studied in relation to the risk of development of rheumatic diseases. We performed a systematic literature review to summarize the existing knowledge. Methods. MEDLINE (1946 to September 2016) and EMBASE (1980 to 2016, week 37) databases were searched using MeSH terms and keywords to identify cohort, case-control, and case cross-over studies reporting risk estimates for the development of select rheumatic diseases in relation to exposure of measured air pollutants (n = 8). We extracted information on the population sample and study period, method of case and exposure determination, and the estimate of association. Results. There was no consistent evidence of an increased risk for the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with exposure to NO2, SO2, PM2.5, or PM10. Case-control studies in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) indicated higher odds of diagnosis with increasing PM2.5 exposure, as well as an increased relative risk for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in American children <5.5 years of age. There was no association with SARDs and NO2 exposure. Conclusion. There is evidence for a possible association between air pollutant exposures and the development of SARDs and JIA, but relationships with other rheumatic diseases are less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Sun
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Glen Hazlewood
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Gilaad G. Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bertus Eksteen
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Cheryl Barnabe
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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155
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Pope CA, Bhatnagar A, McCracken JP, Abplanalp W, Conklin DJ, O'Toole T. Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution Is Associated With Endothelial Injury and Systemic Inflammation. Circ Res 2016; 119:1204-1214. [PMID: 27780829 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Epidemiological evidence indicates that exposures to fine particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) contribute to global burden of disease, primarily as a result of increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, mechanisms by which PM2.5 exposure induces cardiovascular injury remain unclear. PM2.5-induced endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation have been implicated, but direct evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVE To examine whether acute exposure to PM2.5 is associated with endothelial injury and systemic inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS Blood was collected from healthy, nonsmoking, young adults during 3 study periods that included episodes of elevated PM2.5 levels. Microparticles and immune cells in blood were measured by flow cytometry, and plasma cytokine/growth factors were measured using multiplexing laser beads. PM2.5 exposure was associated with the elevated levels of endothelial microparticles (annexin V+/CD41-/CD31+), including subtypes expressing arterial-, venous-, and lung-specific markers, but not microparticles expressing CD62+. These changes were accompanied by suppressed circulating levels of proangiogenic growth factors (EGF [epidermal growth factor], sCD40L [soluble CD40 ligand], PDGF [platelet-derived growth factor], RANTES [regulated on activation, normal T-cell-expressed and secreted], GROα [growth-regulated protein α], and VEGF [vascular endothelial growth factor]), and an increase in the levels of antiangiogenic (TNFα [tumor necrosis factor α], IP-10 [interferon γ-induced protein 10]), and proinflammatory cytokines (MCP-1 [monocyte chemoattractant protein 1], MIP-1α/β [macrophage inflammatory protein 1α/β], IL-6 [interleukin 6], and IL-1β [interleukin 1β]), and markers of endothelial adhesion (sICAM-1 [soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1] and sVCAM-1 [soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1]). PM2.5 exposure was also associated with an inflammatory response characterized by elevated levels of circulating CD14+, CD16+, CD4+, and CD8+, but not CD19+ cells. CONCLUSIONS Episodic PM2.5 exposures are associated with increased endothelial cell apoptosis, an antiangiogenic plasma profile, and elevated levels of circulating monocytes and T, but not B, lymphocytes. These changes could contribute to the pathogenic sequelae of atherogenesis and acute coronary events.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Arden Pope
- From the Department of Economics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT (C.A.P.); and Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY (A.B., J.P.M., W.A., D.J.C., T.O.).
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- From the Department of Economics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT (C.A.P.); and Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY (A.B., J.P.M., W.A., D.J.C., T.O.)
| | - James P McCracken
- From the Department of Economics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT (C.A.P.); and Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY (A.B., J.P.M., W.A., D.J.C., T.O.)
| | - Wesley Abplanalp
- From the Department of Economics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT (C.A.P.); and Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY (A.B., J.P.M., W.A., D.J.C., T.O.)
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- From the Department of Economics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT (C.A.P.); and Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY (A.B., J.P.M., W.A., D.J.C., T.O.)
| | - Timothy O'Toole
- From the Department of Economics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT (C.A.P.); and Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY (A.B., J.P.M., W.A., D.J.C., T.O.)
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156
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Seltenrich N. PM2.5 Exposure and Intrauterine Inflammation: A Possible Mechanism for Preterm and Underweight Birth. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:A190. [PMID: 27690256 PMCID: PMC5047789 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.124-a190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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157
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Caravedo MA, Herrera PM, Mongilardi N, de Ferrari A, Davila-Roman VG, Gilman RH, Wise RA, Miele CH, Miranda JJ, Checkley W. Chronic exposure to biomass fuel smoke and markers of endothelial inflammation. INDOOR AIR 2016; 26:768-75. [PMID: 26476302 PMCID: PMC4935667 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Indoor smoke exposure may affect cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk via lung-mediated inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial inflammation. We sought to explore the association between indoor smoke exposure from burning biomass fuels and a selected group of markers for endothelial inflammation. We compared serum concentrations of amyloid A protein, E-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and VCAM-1, von Willebrand factor (vWF), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in 228 biomass-exposed vs. 228 non-exposed participants living in Puno, Peru. Average age was 56 years (s.d. = 13), average BMI was 26.5 kg/m(2) (s.d. = 4.4), 48% were male, 59.4% completed high school, and 2% reported a physician diagnosis of CVD. In unadjusted analysis, serum levels of soluble ICAM-1 (330 vs. 302 ng/ml; P < 0.001), soluble VCAM-1 (403 vs. 362 ng/ml; P < 0.001), and E-selectin (54.2 vs. 52.7 ng/ml; P = 0.05) were increased in biomass-exposed vs. non-exposed participants, respectively, whereas serum levels of vWF (1148 vs. 1311 mU/ml; P < 0.001) and hs-CRP (2.56 vs. 3.12 mg/l; P < 0.001) were decreased, respectively. In adjusted analyses, chronic exposure to biomass fuels remained positively associated with serum levels of soluble ICAM-1 (P = 0.03) and VCAM-1 (P = 0.05) and E-selectin (P = 0.05), and remained negatively associated with serum levels of vWF (P = 0.02) and hs-CRP (P < 0.001). Daily exposure to biomass fuel smoke was associated with important differences in specific biomarkers of endothelial inflammation and may help explain accelerated atherosclerosis among those who are chronically exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Caravedo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P M Herrera
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N Mongilardi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A de Ferrari
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - V G Davila-Roman
- Cardiovascular Division, Cardiovascular Imaging and Clinical Research Core Laboratory, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - R H Gilman
- Program in Global Disease Epidemiology and Control, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R A Wise
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C H Miele
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J J Miranda
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence for Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - W Checkley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Program in Global Disease Epidemiology and Control, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence for Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
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158
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Nachman RM, Mao G, Zhang X, Hong X, Chen Z, Soria CS, He H, Wang G, Caruso D, Pearson C, Biswal S, Zuckerman B, Wills-Karp M, Wang X. Intrauterine Inflammation and Maternal Exposure to Ambient PM2.5 during Preconception and Specific Periods of Pregnancy: The Boston Birth Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1608-1615. [PMID: 27120296 PMCID: PMC5047781 DOI: 10.1289/ehp243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to ambient PM2.5, (i.e., fine particulate matter, aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) has been associated with preterm birth and low birth weight. The association between prenatal PM2.5 exposure and intrauterine inflammation (IUI), an important risk factor for preterm birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes, has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the association between maternal exposure to PM2.5 and IUI in the Boston Birth Cohort, a predominantly urban low-income minority population. METHODS This analysis included 5,059 mother-infant pairs in the Boston Birth Cohort. IUI was assessed based on intrapartum fever and placenta pathology. PM2.5 exposure was assigned using data from the U.S. EPA's Air Quality System. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) quantified the association of maternal PM2.5 exposure during preconception and various periods of pregnancy with IUI. RESULTS Comparing the highest with the lowest PM2.5 exposure quartiles, the multi-adjusted association with IUI was significant for all exposure periods considered, including 3 months before conception (OR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.22, 1.89), first trimester (OR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.55, 2.40), second trimester (OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.35, 2.08), third trimester (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.90), and whole pregnancy (OR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.55, 2.37). CONCLUSIONS Despite relatively low exposures, our results suggest a monotonic positive relationship between PM2.5 exposure during preconception and pregnancy and IUI. IUI may be a sensitive biomarker for assessing early biological effect of PM2.5 exposure on the developing fetus. CITATION Nachman RM, Mao G, Zhang X, Hong X, Chen Z, Soria CS, He H, Wang G, Caruso D, Pearson C, Biswal S, Zuckerman B, Wills-Karp M, Wang X. 2016. Intrauterine inflammation and maternal exposure to ambient PM2.5 during preconception and specific periods of pregnancy: the Boston Birth Cohort. Environ Health Perspect 124:1608-1615; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP243.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Massa Nachman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Guangyun Mao
- School of Environmental Science & Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Center on Clinical and Epidemiological Eye Research, the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Xingyou Zhang
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Children’s Memorial Research Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Claire Sampankanpanich Soria
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Huan He
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Guoying Wang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Deanna Caruso
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Barry Zuckerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Marsha Wills-Karp
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
- Address correspondence to X. Wang, Director, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., E4132, Baltimore, MD 21205-2179 USA. Telephone (410) 955-5824. E-mail:
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159
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Kaufman JD, Spalt EW, Curl CL, Hajat A, Jones MR, Kim SY, Vedal S, Szpiro AA, Gassett A, Sheppard L, Daviglus ML, Adar SD. Advances in Understanding Air Pollution and CVD. Glob Heart 2016; 11:343-352. [PMID: 27741981 PMCID: PMC5082281 DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The MESA Air (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution) leveraged the platform of the MESA cohort into a prospective longitudinal study of relationships between air pollution and cardiovascular health. MESA Air researchers developed fine-scale, state-of-the-art air pollution exposure models for the MESA Air communities, creating individual exposure estimates for each participant. These models combine cohort-specific exposure monitoring, existing monitoring systems, and an extensive database of geographic and meteorological information. Together with extensive phenotyping in MESA-and adding participants and health measurements to the cohort-MESA Air investigated environmental exposures on a wide range of outcomes. Advances by the MESA Air team included not only a new approach to exposure modeling, but also biostatistical advances in addressing exposure measurement error and temporal confounding. The MESA Air study advanced our understanding of the impact of air pollutants on cardiovascular disease and provided a research platform for advances in environmental epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth W Spalt
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cynthia L Curl
- Department of Community and Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Anjum Hajat
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Miranda R Jones
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sverre Vedal
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amanda Gassett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sara D Adar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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160
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Zhang X, Staimer N, Tjoa T, Gillen DL, Schauer JJ, Shafer MM, Hasheminassab S, Pakbin P, Longhurst J, Sioutas C, Delfino RJ. Associations between microvascular function and short-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and particulate matter oxidative potential. Environ Health 2016; 15:81. [PMID: 27460097 PMCID: PMC4962442 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with acute increases in cardiovascular hospitalization and mortality. However, causative chemical components and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain to be clarified. We hypothesized that endothelial dysfunction would be associated with mobile-source (traffic) air pollution and that pollutant components with higher oxidative potential to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) would have stronger associations. METHODS We carried out a cohort panel study in 93 elderly non-smoking adults living in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, during July 2012-February 2014. Microvascular function, represented by reactive hyperemia index (RHI), was measured weekly for up to 12 weeks (N = 845). Air pollutant data included daily data from regional air-monitoring stations, five-day average PM chemical components and oxidative potential in three PM size-fractions, and weekly personal nitrogen oxides (NOx). Linear mixed-effect models estimated adjusted changes in microvascular function with exposure. RESULTS RHI was inversely associated with traffic-related pollutants such as ambient PM2.5 black carbon (BC), NOx, and carbon monoxide (CO). An interquartile range change increase (1.06 μg/m(3)) in 5-day average BC was associated with decreased RHI, -0.093 (95 % CI: -0.151, -0.035). RHI was inversely associated with other mobile-source components/tracers (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, elemental carbon, and hopanes), and PM oxidative potential as quantified in two independent assays (dithiothreitol and in vitro macrophage ROS) in accumulation and ultrafine PM, and transition metals. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that short-term exposures to traffic-related air pollutants with high oxidative potential are major components contributing to microvascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine 224 Irvine Hall, Irvine, CA 92617-7555 USA
| | - Norbert Staimer
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine 224 Irvine Hall, Irvine, CA 92617-7555 USA
| | - Tomas Tjoa
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine 224 Irvine Hall, Irvine, CA 92617-7555 USA
| | - Daniel L. Gillen
- Department of Statistics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - James J. Schauer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Martin M. Shafer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Sina Hasheminassab
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Payam Pakbin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - John Longhurst
- Susan Samueli Center for Integrative Medicine, and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Ralph J. Delfino
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine 224 Irvine Hall, Irvine, CA 92617-7555 USA
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Potential Harmful Effects of PM2.5 on Occurrence and Progression of Acute Coronary Syndrome: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Prevention Measures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13080748. [PMID: 27463723 PMCID: PMC4997434 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13080748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The harmful effects of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 µm (PM2.5) and its association with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has gained increased attention in recent years. Significant associations between PM2.5 and ACS have been found in most studies, although sometimes only observed in specific subgroups. PM2.5-induced detrimental effects and ACS arise through multiple mechanisms, including endothelial injury, an enhanced inflammatory response, oxidative stress, autonomic dysfunction, and mitochondria damage as well as genotoxic effects. These effects can lead to a series of physiopathological changes including coronary artery atherosclerosis, hypertension, an imbalance between energy supply and demand to heart tissue, and a systemic hypercoagulable state. Effective strategies to prevent the harmful effects of PM2.5 include reducing pollution sources of PM2.5 and population exposure to PM2.5, and governments and organizations publicizing the harmful effects of PM2.5 and establishing air quality standards for PM2.5. PM2.5 exposure is a significant risk factor for ACS, and effective strategies with which to prevent both susceptible and healthy populations from an increased risk for ACS have important clinical significance in the prevention and treatment of ACS.
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Cascio WE. Proposed pathophysiologic framework to explain some excess cardiovascular death associated with ambient air particle pollution: Insights for public health translation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2869-79. [PMID: 27451957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The paper proposes a pathophysiologic framework to explain the well-established epidemiological association between exposure to ambient air particle pollution and premature cardiovascular mortality, and offers insights into public health solutions that extend beyond regulatory environmental protections to actions that can be taken by individuals, public health officials, healthcare professionals, city and regional planners, local and state governmental officials and all those who possess the capacity to improve cardiovascular health within the population. The foundation of the framework rests on the contribution of traditional cardiovascular risk factors acting alone and in concert with long-term exposures to air pollutants to create a conditional susceptibility for clinical vascular events, such as myocardial ischemia and infarction; stroke and lethal ventricular arrhythmias. The conceptual framework focuses on the fact that short-term exposures to ambient air particulate matter (PM) are associated with vascular thrombosis (acute coronary syndrome, stroke, deep venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism) and electrical dysfunction (ventricular arrhythmia); and that individuals having prevalent heart disease are at greatest risk. Moreover, exposure is concomitant with changes in autonomic nervous system balance, systemic inflammation, and prothrombotic/anti-thrombotic and profibrinolytic-antifibrinolytic balance. Thus, a comprehensive solution to the problem of premature mortality triggered by air pollutant exposure will require compliance with regulations to control ambient air particle pollution levels, minimize exposures to air pollutants, as well as a concerted effort to decrease the number of people at-risk for serious clinical cardiovascular events triggered by air pollutant exposure by improving the overall state of cardiovascular health in the population. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Air Pollution, edited by Wenjun Ding, Andrew J. Ghio and Weidong Wu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne E Cascio
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Michikawa T, Okamura T, Nitta H, Nishiwaki Y, Takebayashi T, Ueda K, Kadota A, Fujiyoshi A, Ohkubo T, Ueshima H, Okayama A, Miura K. Cross-sectional association between exposure to particulate matter and inflammatory markers in the Japanese general population: NIPPON DATA2010. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:460-467. [PMID: 26967353 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A suggestive mechanism behind the association between particulate matter and cardiovascular disease is inflammatory response. Earlier population-based studies investigating the association between particulate matter and inflammatory biological markers, in particular C-reactive protein (CRP), showed inconsistent results. In addition, evidence from the Asian population, in which CRP levels are typically lower than those observed in Western populations, was sparse. We examined the cross-sectional association between short- and long-term exposure to particulate matter and inflammatory markers, including high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) count, in a representative population of Japanese community dwellers (NIPPON DATA2010). We analysed data from 2360 participants (1002 men and 1358 women), aged 20 years or older, who resided in 300 randomly selected districts (222 public health centre areas) throughout Japan. We used background concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM, defined as particles with a 100% cut-off level at 10 μm aerodynamic diameter) and co-pollutants within the public health centre area. A logistic regression model was applied to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of elevated hs-CRP (> 0.3 mg/dl) or WBC (> 9000/μl). Since smoking is an important confounding factor, we firstly included this in the models, and additionally conducted the analyses after excluding current smokers. The one-month average concentration of SPM was positively associated with hs-CRP (OR per 10 μg/m(3) increase in SPM = 1.42, 95% confidence interval = 1.00-2.04), and high exposure to SPM on the day of blood draw was associated with increased WBC count, after excluding current smokers (OR = 1.13, 1.01-1.28). Similar association patterns were observed for ozone. In conclusion, exposure to particulate matter was associated with inflammatory markers in the general Japanese population. Systemic inflammation may play a role in the link between particulate matter and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Michikawa
- Environmental Epidemiology Section, Centre for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nitta
- Environmental Epidemiology Section, Centre for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Yuji Nishiwaki
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omorinishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-0015, Japan.
| | - Toru Takebayashi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Kayo Ueda
- Environmental Epidemiology Section, Centre for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan.
| | - Aya Kadota
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; Centre for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Akira Fujiyoshi
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; Centre for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Akira Okayama
- Research Institute of Strategy for Prevention, 1-3-9 Shinkawa, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033, Japan.
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan; Centre for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
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164
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Eze IC, Imboden M, Kumar A, Adam M, von Eckardstein A, Stolz D, Gerbase MW, Künzli N, Turk A, Schindler C, Kronenberg F, Probst-Hensch N. A common functional variant on the pro-inflammatory Interleukin-6 gene may modify the association between long-term PM10 exposure and diabetes. Environ Health 2016; 15:39. [PMID: 26911440 PMCID: PMC4765217 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollutants have been linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypothesized to act through inflammatory pathways and may induce interleukin-6 gene (IL6) in the airway epithelium. The cytokine interleukin-6 may impact on glucose homeostasis. Recent meta-analyses showed the common polymorphisms, IL6 -572G > C and IL6 -174G > C to be associated with T2D risk. These IL6 variants also influence circulatory interleukin-6 levels. We hypothesize that these common functional variants may modify the association between air pollutants and T2D. METHODS We cross-sectionally studied 4410 first follow-up participants of the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases (SAPALDIA), aged 29 to 73 years who had complete data on genotypes, diabetes status and covariates. We defined diabetes as self-reported physician-diagnosed, or use of diabetes medication or non-fasting glucose >11.1 mmol/L or HbA1c > 0.065. Air pollution exposure was 10-year mean particulate matter <10 μm in diameter (PM10) assigned to participants' residences using a combination of dispersion modelling, annual trends at monitoring stations and residential history. We derived interaction terms between PM10 and genotypes, and applied mixed logistic models to explore genetic interactions by IL6 polymorphisms on the odds of diabetes. RESULTS There were 252 diabetes cases. Respective minor allele frequencies of IL6 -572G > C and IL6 -174G > C were 7 and 39 %. Mean exposure to PM10 was 22 μg/m(3). Both variants were not associated with diabetes in our study. We observed a significant positive association between PM10 and diabetes among homozygous carriers of the pro-inflammatory major G-allele of IL6 -572G > C [Odds ratio: 1.53; 95 % confidence interval (1.22, 1.92); P interaction (additive) = 0.003 and P interaction (recessive) = 0.006]. Carriers of the major G-allele of IL6 -174G > C also had significantly increased odds of diabetes, but interactions were statistically non-significant. CONCLUSIONS Our results on the interaction of PM10 with functionally well described polymorphisms in an important pro-inflammatory candidate gene are consistent with the hypothesis that air pollutants impact on T2D through inflammatory pathways. Our findings, if confirmed, are of high public health relevance considering the ubiquity of the major G allele, which puts a substantial proportion of the population at risk for the development of diabetes as a result of long-term exposure to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikenna C Eze
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Martin Adam
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Daiana Stolz
- Clinic of Pneumology and Respiratory Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Nino Künzli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Christian Schindler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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165
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Du Y, Xu X, Chu M, Guo Y, Wang J. Air particulate matter and cardiovascular disease: the epidemiological, biomedical and clinical evidence. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:E8-E19. [PMID: 26904258 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.11.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is now becoming an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Numerous epidemiological, biomedical and clinical studies indicate that ambient particulate matter (PM) in air pollution is strongly associated with increased cardiovascular disease such as myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac arrhythmias, ischemic stroke, vascular dysfunction, hypertension and atherosclerosis. The molecular mechanisms for PM-caused cardiovascular disease include directly toxicity to cardiovascular system or indirectly injury by inducing systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in peripheral circulation. Here, we review the linking between PM exposure and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease and discussed the possible underlying mechanisms for the observed PM induced increases in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Du
- 1 Department of Gerontology, 2 Department of Neurology, 3 Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaohan Xu
- 1 Department of Gerontology, 2 Department of Neurology, 3 Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ming Chu
- 1 Department of Gerontology, 2 Department of Neurology, 3 Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yan Guo
- 1 Department of Gerontology, 2 Department of Neurology, 3 Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Junhong Wang
- 1 Department of Gerontology, 2 Department of Neurology, 3 Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Zúñiga J, Tarajia M, Herrera V, Urriola W, Gómez B, Motta J. Assessment of the Possible Association of Air Pollutants PM10, O3, NO2 With an Increase in Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Diabetes Mortality in Panama City: A 2003 to 2013 Data Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2464. [PMID: 26765444 PMCID: PMC4718270 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Panama has experienced a marked economic growth, and this, in turn, has been associated with rapid urban development and degradation of air quality. This study is the first evaluation done in Panama on the association between air pollution and mortality. Our objective was to assess the possible association between monthly levels of PM10, O3, and NO2, and cardiovascular, respiratory, and diabetes mortality, as well as the seasonal variation of mortality in Panama City, Panama.The study was conducted in Panama City, using air pollution data from January 2003 to December 2013. We utilized a Poisson regression model based on generalized linear models, to evaluate the association between PM10, NO2, and O3 exposure and mortality from diabetes, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases. The sample size for PM10, NO2, and O2 was 132, 132, and 108 monthly averages, respectively.We found that levels of PM10, O3, and NO2 were associated with increases in cardiovascular, respiratory, and diabetes mortality. For PM10 levels ≥ 40 μg/m3, we found an increase in cardiovascular mortality of 9.7% (CI 5.8-13.6%), and an increase of 12.6% (CI 0.2-24.2%) in respiratory mortality. For O3 levels ≥ 20 μg/m3 we found an increase of 32.4% (IC 14.6-52.9) in respiratory mortality, after a 2-month lag period following exposure in the 65 to <74 year-old age group. For NO2 levels ≥20 μg/m3 we found an increase in respiratory mortality of 11.2% (IC 1.9-21.3), after a 2-month lag period following exposure among those aged between 65 and <74 years.There could be an association between the air pollution in Panama City and an increase in cardiovascular, respiratory, and diabetes mortality. This study confirms the urgent need to improve the measurement frequency of air pollutants in Panama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Zúñiga
- From the Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies (JZ, VH, BG, JM); Centro de Biología Molecular y Celular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (MT); Región de Panamá Oeste, Caja de Seguro Social, Panama City, Panama (MT); and Institute of Specialized Analysis of the University of Panama, Miraflores, Panama City, Panama (WU)
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167
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Dabass A, Talbott EO, Venkat A, Rager J, Marsh GM, Sharma RK, Holguin F. Association of exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in adult NHANES participants (2001-2008). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2015; 219:301-10. [PMID: 26725170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) has been associated with increased cardiovascular outcomes, mediated by a hypothesized biological mechanism of systemic inflammation and oxidation. Although PM10 has been linked to inflammatory markers in a nationally representative sample (NHANES) using data from earlier cycles (1989-1994); no study has considered these relationships for PM2.5 in more recent time periods. We examined the association of ambient PM2.5 exposure and inflammatory markers in adult NHANES participants for cycles 2001-2008. METHODS We linked each of the adult NHANES participant's address with meteorological and modeled air pollution data for each census tract in conterminous United States. The effects of short and long term PM2.5 on C-reactive protein, white blood cells, fibrinogen and homocysteine were analyzed using multiple linear regression, adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, temperature and ozone. SAS SURVEYREG was used to account for the complex survey design of NHANES. RESULTS In the overall population, no significant positive associations were noted for either short or long term PM2.5 exposures for any of the biomarkers after controlling for confounders. However, stronger associations were found among obese, diabetics, hypertensive and smokers. For every 10μg/m(3) increase in PM2.5, there was an increase of (a) 36.9% (95% CI: 0.1%, 87.2%) in CRP at annual average PM2.5 (adjusting for short term exposure) among diabetics (b) 2.6% (95% CI: 0.1%, 5.1%) in homocysteine at lag 0 among smokers. CONCLUSIONS In a nationally representative sample of individuals we noted no overall association between PM2.5 and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. However, sensitive subgroups manifested increases in these markers to PM2.5 exposure. Further studies should concentrate on the impact of PM2.5 on these biomarkers in those with multiple cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Dabass
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Evelyn O Talbott
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - Arvind Venkat
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Judith Rager
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gary M Marsh
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ravi K Sharma
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Fernando Holguin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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168
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Pan WC, Wu CD, Chen MJ, Huang YT, Chen CJ, Su HJ, Yang HI. Fine Particle Pollution, Alanine Transaminase, and Liver Cancer: A Taiwanese Prospective Cohort Study (REVEAL-HBV). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 108:djv341. [PMID: 26561636 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Pan
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan (WCP, MJC, HJS); Department of Epidemiology (WCP, YTH) and Department of Biostatistics (YTH), Brown University , Providence, RI ; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (WCP) and Institute of Clinical Medicine (HIY), National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan ; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan (CDW); Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (CDW); National Environmental Health Research Center, National Health Research Institutes , Miaoli , Taiwan (MJC); Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan (CJC, HIY); Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan (CJC)
| | - Chih-Da Wu
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan (WCP, MJC, HJS); Department of Epidemiology (WCP, YTH) and Department of Biostatistics (YTH), Brown University , Providence, RI ; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (WCP) and Institute of Clinical Medicine (HIY), National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan ; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan (CDW); Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (CDW); National Environmental Health Research Center, National Health Research Institutes , Miaoli , Taiwan (MJC); Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan (CJC, HIY); Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan (CJC)
| | - Mu-Jean Chen
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan (WCP, MJC, HJS); Department of Epidemiology (WCP, YTH) and Department of Biostatistics (YTH), Brown University , Providence, RI ; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (WCP) and Institute of Clinical Medicine (HIY), National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan ; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan (CDW); Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (CDW); National Environmental Health Research Center, National Health Research Institutes , Miaoli , Taiwan (MJC); Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan (CJC, HIY); Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan (CJC)
| | - Yen-Tsung Huang
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan (WCP, MJC, HJS); Department of Epidemiology (WCP, YTH) and Department of Biostatistics (YTH), Brown University , Providence, RI ; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (WCP) and Institute of Clinical Medicine (HIY), National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan ; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan (CDW); Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (CDW); National Environmental Health Research Center, National Health Research Institutes , Miaoli , Taiwan (MJC); Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan (CJC, HIY); Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan (CJC)
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan (WCP, MJC, HJS); Department of Epidemiology (WCP, YTH) and Department of Biostatistics (YTH), Brown University , Providence, RI ; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (WCP) and Institute of Clinical Medicine (HIY), National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan ; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan (CDW); Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (CDW); National Environmental Health Research Center, National Health Research Institutes , Miaoli , Taiwan (MJC); Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan (CJC, HIY); Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan (CJC)
| | - Huey-Jen Su
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan (WCP, MJC, HJS); Department of Epidemiology (WCP, YTH) and Department of Biostatistics (YTH), Brown University , Providence, RI ; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (WCP) and Institute of Clinical Medicine (HIY), National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan ; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan (CDW); Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (CDW); National Environmental Health Research Center, National Health Research Institutes , Miaoli , Taiwan (MJC); Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan (CJC, HIY); Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan (CJC)
| | - Hwai-I Yang
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan (WCP, MJC, HJS); Department of Epidemiology (WCP, YTH) and Department of Biostatistics (YTH), Brown University , Providence, RI ; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (WCP) and Institute of Clinical Medicine (HIY), National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan ; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan (CDW); Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (CDW); National Environmental Health Research Center, National Health Research Institutes , Miaoli , Taiwan (MJC); Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan (CJC, HIY); Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan (CJC)
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Chen JC, Wang X, Wellenius GA, Serre ML, Driscoll I, Casanova R, McArdle JJ, Manson JE, Chui HC, Espeland MA. Ambient air pollution and neurotoxicity on brain structure: Evidence from women's health initiative memory study. Ann Neurol 2015; 78:466-76. [PMID: 26075655 PMCID: PMC4546504 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the putative adverse effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5 : PM with aerodynamic diameters <2.5μm) on brain volumes in older women. METHODS We conducted a prospective study of 1,403 community-dwelling older women without dementia enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study, 1996-1998. Structural brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed at the age of 71-89 years in 2005-2006 to obtain volumetric measures of gray matter (GM) and normal-appearing white matter (WM). Given residential histories and air monitoring data, we used a spatiotemporal model to estimate cumulative PM2.5 exposure in 1999-2006. Multiple linear regression was employed to evaluate the associations between PM2.5 and brain volumes, adjusting for intracranial volumes and potential confounders. RESULTS Older women with greater PM2.5 exposures had significantly smaller WM, but not GM, volumes, independent of geographical region, demographics, socioeconomic status, lifestyles, and clinical characteristics, including cardiovascular risk factors. For each interquartile increment (3.49μg/m(3) ) of cumulative PM2.5 exposure, the average WM volume (WMV; 95% confidence interval) was 6.23cm(3) (3.72-8.74) smaller in the total brain and 4.47cm(3) (2.27-6.67) lower in the association areas, equivalent to 1 to 2 years of brain aging. The adverse PM2.5 effects on smaller WMVs were present in frontal and temporal lobes and corpus callosum (all p values <0.01). Hippocampal volumes did not differ by PM2.5 exposure. INTERPRETATION PM2.5 exposure may contribute to WM loss in older women. Future studies are needed to determine whether exposures result in myelination disturbance, disruption of axonal integrity, damages to oligodendrocytes, or other WM neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Gregory A. Wellenius
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A
| | - Marc L. Serre
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Ira Driscoll
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Ramon Casanova
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - John J. McArdle
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Helena C. Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Mark A. Espeland
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, U.S.A
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Hampel R, Peters A, Beelen R, Brunekreef B, Cyrys J, de Faire U, de Hoogh K, Fuks K, Hoffmann B, Hüls A, Imboden M, Jedynska A, Kooter I, Koenig W, Künzli N, Leander K, Magnusson P, Männistö S, Penell J, Pershagen G, Phuleria H, Probst-Hensch N, Pundt N, Schaffner E, Schikowski T, Sugiri D, Tiittanen P, Tsai MY, Wang M, Wolf K, Lanki T. Long-term effects of elemental composition of particulate matter on inflammatory blood markers in European cohorts. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 82:76-84. [PMID: 26057255 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have associated long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter with increased mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. Systemic inflammation is a plausible biological mechanism behind this association. However, it is unclear how the chemical composition of PM affects inflammatory responses. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between long-term exposure to elemental components of PM and the inflammatory blood markers high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and fibrinogen as part of the European ESCAPE and TRANSPHORM multi-center projects. METHODS In total, 21,558 hsCRP measurements and 17,428 fibrinogen measurements from cross-sections of five and four cohort studies were available, respectively. Residential long-term concentrations of particulate matter <10μm (PM10) and <2.5μm (PM2.5) in diameter and selected elemental components (copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulfur, silicon, vanadium, zinc) were estimated based on land-use regression models. Associations between components and inflammatory markers were estimated using linear regression models for each cohort separately. Cohort-specific results were combined using random effects meta-analysis. As a sensitivity analysis the models were additionally adjusted for PM mass. RESULTS A 5ng/m(3) increase in PM2.5 copper and a 500ng/m(3) increase in PM10 iron were associated with a 6.3% [0.7; 12.3%] and 3.6% [0.3; 7.1%] increase in hsCRP, respectively. These associations between components and fibrinogen were slightly weaker. A 10ng/m(3) increase in PM2.5 zinc was associated with a 1.2% [0.1; 2.4%] increase in fibrinogen; confidence intervals widened when additionally adjusting for PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to transition metals within ambient particulate matter, originating from traffic and industry, may be related to chronic systemic inflammation providing a link to long-term health effects of particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Hampel
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rob Beelen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Josef Cyrys
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; ESC-Environmental Science Center, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kateryna Fuks
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Medical School, The Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anke Hüls
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Jedynska
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg Kooter
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Nino Künzli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karin Leander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Penell
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harish Phuleria
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Noreen Pundt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Schaffner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dorothea Sugiri
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pekka Tiittanen
- Department of Health Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ming-Yi Tsai
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Timo Lanki
- Department of Health Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland
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Viehmann A, Hertel S, Fuks K, Eisele L, Moebus S, Möhlenkamp S, Nonnemacher M, Jakobs H, Erbel R, Jöckel KH, Hoffmann B. Long-term residential exposure to urban air pollution, and repeated measures of systemic blood markers of inflammation and coagulation. Occup Environ Med 2015; 72:656-63. [PMID: 26163546 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In several studies, exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) has been associated with inflammation, with inconsistent results. We used repeated measurements to examine the association of long-term fine and ultrafine particle exposure with several blood markers of inflammation and coagulation. METHODS We used baseline (2000-2003) and follow-up (2006-2008) data from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study, a German population-based prospective cohort of 4814 participants. A chemistry transport model was applied to model daily surface concentrations of PM air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5) and particle number on a grid of 1 km(2). Applying mixed regression models, we analysed associations of long-term (mean of 365 days prior to blood draw) particle exposure at each participant's residence with the level of high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), fibrinogen, platelet and white cell count (WCC), adjusting for short-term PM exposure (moving averages of 1-7 days), personal characteristics, season, ambient temperature (1-5 days), ozone and time trend. RESULTS We analysed 6488 observations: 3275 participants with baseline data and 3213 with follow-up data. An increase of 2.4 µg/m(3) in long-term PM2.5 was associated with an adjusted increase of 5.4% (95% CI 0.6% to 10.5%) in hs-CRP and of 2.3% (95% CI 1.4% to 3.3%) in the platelet count. Fibrinogen and WCC were not associated with long-term particle exposure. CONCLUSIONS In this population-based cohort, we found associations of long-term exposure to PM with markers of inflammation (hs-CRP) and coagulation (platelets). This finding supports the hypothesis that inflammatory processes might contribute to chronic effects of air pollution on cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Viehmann
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Hertel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kateryna Fuks
- IUF-Leibniz Institute of Environmental Medicine Research and Medical Faculty, Deanery of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lewin Eisele
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Nonnemacher
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hermann Jakobs
- Rhenish Institute for Environmental Research at the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Raimund Erbel
- Department of Cardiology, West German Heart Centre of Essen, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- IUF-Leibniz Institute of Environmental Medicine Research and Medical Faculty, Deanery of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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172
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Zhu Y, Zhang C, Liu D, Grantz KL, Wallace M, Mendola P. Maternal ambient air pollution exposure preconception and during early gestation and offspring congenital orofacial defects. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 140:714-20. [PMID: 26099933 PMCID: PMC4498658 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal air pollution exposure has been related to orofacial clefts but the literature is equivocal. Potential chronic preconception effects have not been studied. OBJECTIVES Criteria air pollutant exposure during three months preconception and gestational weeks 3-8 was studied in relation to orofacial defects. METHODS Among 188,102 live births and fetal deaths from the Consortium on Safe Labor (2002-2008), 63 had isolated cleft palate (CP) and 159 had isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL ±CP). Exposures were estimated using a modified Community Multiscale Air Quality model. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations adjusted for site/region and maternal demographic, lifestyle and clinical factors calculated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI per interquartile increase in each pollutant. RESULTS Preconception, carbon monoxide (CO; OR=2.24; CI: 1.21, 4.16) and particulate matter (PM) ≤10 µm (OR=1.72; CI: 1.12, 2.66) were significantly associated with CP, while sulfur dioxide (SO2) was associated with CL ±CP (OR=1.93; CI: 1.16, 3.21). During gestational weeks 3-8, CO remained a significant risk for CP (OR=2.74; CI: 1.62, 4.62) and nitrogen oxides (NOx; OR=3.64; CI: 1.73, 7.66) and PM ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5; OR=1.74; CI: 1.15, 2.64) were also related to the risk. Analyses by individual week revealed that positive associations of NOx and PM2.5 with CP were most prominent from weeks 3-6 and 3-5, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to several criteria air pollutants preconception and during early gestation was associated with elevated odds for CP, while CL ±CP was only associated with preconception SO2 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyi Zhu
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Danping Liu
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Katherine L Grantz
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Maeve Wallace
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Pauline Mendola
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD, USA.
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173
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Akinseye OA, Williams SK, Seixas A, Pandi-Perumal SR, Vallon J, Zizi F, Jean-Louis G. Sleep as a mediator in the pathway linking environmental factors to hypertension: a review of the literature. Int J Hypertens 2015; 2015:926414. [PMID: 25821594 PMCID: PMC4363706 DOI: 10.1155/2015/926414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors, such as noise exposure and air pollution, are associated with hypertension. These environmental factors also affect sleep quality. Given the growing evidence linking sleep quality with hypertension, the purpose of this review is to investigate the role of sleep as a key mediator in the association between hypertension and environmental factors. Through this narrative review of the extant literature, we highlight that poor sleep quality mediates the relationship between environmental factors and hypertension. The conceptual model proposed in this review offers opportunities to address healthcare disparities in hypertension among African Americans by highlighting the disparate impact that the predictors (environmental factors) and mediator (sleep) have on the African-American community. Understanding the impact of these factors is crucial since the main outcome variable (hypertension) severely burdens the African-American community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun A. Akinseye
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Queens Hospital Center, 82-68 164th Street, Jamaica, NY 11432, USA
| | - Stephen K. Williams
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 227 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Azizi Seixas
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 227 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 227 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Julian Vallon
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 227 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ferdinand Zizi
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 227 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Girardin Jean-Louis
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 227 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Bose S, Hansel NN, Tonorezos ES, Williams DL, Bilderback A, Breysse PN, Diette GB, McCormack MC. Indoor Particulate Matter Associated with Systemic Inflammation in COPD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/jep.2015.65051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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175
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McManus MC, Taylor CM, Mohr A, Whittaker C, Scown CD, Borrion AL, Glithero NJ, Yin Y. Challenge clusters facing LCA in environmental decision-making-what we can learn from biofuels. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT 2015; 20:1399-1414. [PMID: 27453635 PMCID: PMC4939404 DOI: 10.1007/s11367-015-0930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bioenergy is increasingly used to help meet greenhouse gas (GHG) and renewable energy targets. However, bioenergy's sustainability has been questioned, resulting in increasing use of life cycle assessment (LCA). Bioenergy systems are global and complex, and market forces can result in significant changes, relevant to LCA and policy. The goal of this paper is to illustrate the complexities associated with LCA, with particular focus on bioenergy and associated policy development, so that its use can more effectively inform policymakers. METHODS The review is based on the results from a series of workshops focused on bioenergy life cycle assessment. Expert submissions were compiled and categorized within the first two workshops. Over 100 issues emerged. Accounting for redundancies and close similarities in the list, this reduced to around 60 challenges, many of which are deeply interrelated. Some of these issues were then explored further at a policy-facing workshop in London, UK. The authors applied a rigorous approach to categorize the challenges identified to be at the intersection of biofuels/bioenergy LCA and policy. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The credibility of LCA is core to its use in policy. Even LCAs that comply with ISO standards and policy and regulatory instruments leave a great deal of scope for interpretation and flexibility. Within the bioenergy sector, this has led to frustration and at times a lack of obvious direction. This paper identifies the main challenge clusters: overarching issues, application and practice and value and ethical judgments. Many of these are reflective of the transition from application of LCA to assess individual products or systems to the wider approach that is becoming more common. Uncertainty in impact assessment strongly influences planning and compliance due to challenges in assigning accountability, and communicating the inherent complexity and uncertainty within bioenergy is becoming of greater importance. CONCLUSIONS The emergence of LCA in bioenergy governance is particularly significant because other sectors are likely to transition to similar governance models. LCA is being stretched to accommodate complex and broad policy-relevant questions, seeking to incorporate externalities that have major implications for long-term sustainability. As policy increasingly relies on LCA, the strains placed on the methodology are becoming both clearer and impedimentary. The implications for energy policy, and in particular bioenergy, are large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle C. McManus
- />Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Caroline M. Taylor
- />Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA
| | - Alison Mohr
- />Institute for Science and Society, School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Carly Whittaker
- />Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
- />Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ UK
| | | | - Aiduan Li Borrion
- />Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
- />Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Yao Yin
- />EBI, Berkeley, CA USA
- />Idaho Public Utilities Commission, Boise, ID USA
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