151
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Thomas S, Boutaud L, Reilly ML, Benmerah A. Cilia in hereditary cerebral anomalies. Biol Cell 2019; 111:217-231. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201900012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Thomas
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human MalformationINSERM UMR 1163Paris Descartes UniversityImagine Institute 75015 Paris France
| | - Lucile Boutaud
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human MalformationINSERM UMR 1163Paris Descartes UniversityImagine Institute 75015 Paris France
| | - Madeline Louise Reilly
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163Paris Descartes UniversityImagine Institute 75015 Paris France
- Paris Diderot University 75013 Paris France
| | - Alexandre Benmerah
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163Paris Descartes UniversityImagine Institute 75015 Paris France
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152
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Girardet L, Augière C, Asselin MP, Belleannée C. Primary cilia: biosensors of the male reproductive tract. Andrology 2019; 7:588-602. [PMID: 31131532 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary cilium is a microtubule-based organelle that extends transiently from the apical cell surface to act as a sensory antenna. Initially viewed as a cellular appendage of obscure significance, the primary cilium is now acknowledged as a key coordinator of signaling pathways during development and in tissue homeostasis. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review was to present the structure and function of this overlooked organelle,with an emphasis on its epididymal context and contribution to male infertility issues. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review has been performed in order to include main references relevant to the aforementioned topic. RESULTS Increasing evidence demonstrates that primary cilia dysfunctions are associated with impaired male reproductive system development and male infertility issues. DISCUSSION While a large amount of data exists regarding the role of primary cilia in most organs and tissues, few studies investigated the contribution of these organelles to male reproductive tract development and homeostasis. CONCLUSION Functional studies of primary cilia constitute an emergent and exciting new area in reproductive biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Girardet
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Université Laval, CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL), Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Céline Augière
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Université Laval, CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL), Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Asselin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Université Laval, CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL), Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Clémence Belleannée
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Université Laval, CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL), Quebec City, QC, Canada
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153
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Roscovitine blocks collecting duct cyst growth in Cep164-deficient kidneys. Kidney Int 2019; 96:320-326. [PMID: 31248650 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nephronophthisis is an autosomal recessive kidney disease with high genetic heterogeneity. Understanding the functions of the individual genes contributing to this disease is critical for delineating the pathomechanisms of this disorder. Here, we investigated kidney function of a novel gene associated with nephronophthisis, CEP164, coding a centriolar distal appendage protein, using a Cep164 knockout mouse model. Collecting duct-specific deletion of Cep164 abolished primary cilia from the collecting duct epithelium and led to rapid postnatal cyst growth in the kidneys. Cell cycle and biochemical studies revealed that tubular hyperproliferation is the primary mechanism that drives cystogenesis in the kidneys of these mice. Administration of roscovitine, a cell cycle inhibitor, blocked cyst growth in the cortical collecting ducts and preserved kidney parenchyma in Cep164 knockout mice. Thus, our findings provide evidence that therapeutic modulation of cell cycle activity can be an effective approach to prevent cyst progression in the kidney.
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154
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Sakornsakolpat P, McCormack M, Bakke P, Gulsvik A, Make BJ, Crapo JD, Cho MH, Silverman EK. Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Single-Breath Dl CO. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:523-531. [PMID: 30694715 PMCID: PMC6503619 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0384oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DlCO is a widely used pulmonary function test in clinical practice and a particularly useful measure for assessing patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We hypothesized that elucidating genetic determinants of DlCO could lead to better understanding of the genetic architecture of COPD. We estimated the heritability of DlCO using common genetic variants and performed genome-wide association analyses in four cohorts enriched for subjects with COPD (COPDGene [Genetic Epidemiology of COPD], NETT [National Emphysema Treatment Trial], GenKOLS [Genetics of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease study], and TESRA [Treatment of Emphysema With a Gamma-Selective Retinoid Agonist study]) using a combined European ancestry white dataset and a COPDGene African American dataset. We assessed our genome-wide significant and suggestive associations for DlCO in previously reported genome-wide association studies of COPD and related traits. We also characterized associations of known COPD-associated variants and DlCO. We estimated the SNP-based heritability of DlCO in the European ancestry white population to be 22% (P = 0.0004). We identified three genome-wide significant associations with DlCO: variants near TGFB2, CHRNA3, and PDE11A loci (P < 5 × 10-8). In addition, 12 loci were suggestively associated with DlCO in European ancestry white (P < 1 × 10-5 in the combined analysis and P < 0.05 in both COPDGene and GenKOLS), including variants near NEGR1, CADM2, PCDH7, RETREG1, DACT2, NRG1, ANKRD18A, KRT86, NTN4, ARHGAP28, INSR, and PCBP3. Some DlCO-associated variants were also associated with COPD, emphysema, and/or spirometric values. Among 25 previously reported COPD loci, TGFB2, CHRNA3/CHRNA5, FAM13A, DSP, and CYP2A6 were associated with DlCO (P < 0.001). We identified several genetic loci that were significantly associated with DlCO and characterized effects of known COPD-associated loci on DlCO. These results could lead to better understanding of the heterogeneous nature of COPD.
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MESH Headings
- 3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases/genetics
- 3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases/metabolism
- Adult
- Black People
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6/metabolism
- Desmoplakins/genetics
- Desmoplakins/metabolism
- Female
- GTPase-Activating Proteins/genetics
- GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Loci
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genome, Human
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Humans
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/physiopathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/ethnology
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/genetics
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology
- Pulmonary Emphysema/ethnology
- Pulmonary Emphysema/genetics
- Pulmonary Emphysema/metabolism
- Pulmonary Emphysema/physiopathology
- Receptors, Nicotinic/genetics
- Receptors, Nicotinic/metabolism
- Respiratory Function Tests
- Spirometry
- Transforming Growth Factor beta2/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta2/metabolism
- White People
- Black or African American
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuwanat Sakornsakolpat
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Meredith McCormack
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Per Bakke
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; and
| | - Amund Gulsvik
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; and
| | - Barry J. Make
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - James D. Crapo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Michael H. Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edwin K. Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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155
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Tsai JJ, Hsu WB, Liu JH, Chang CW, Tang TK. CEP120 interacts with C2CD3 and Talpid3 and is required for centriole appendage assembly and ciliogenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6037. [PMID: 30988386 PMCID: PMC6465297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomal protein 120 (CEP120) was originally identified as a daughter centriole-enriched protein that participates in centriole elongation. Recent studies showed that CEP120 gene mutations cause complex ciliopathy phenotypes in humans, including Joubert syndrome and Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy, suggesting that CEP120 plays an additional role in ciliogenesis. To investigate the potential roles of CEP120 in centriole elongation and cilia formation, we knocked out the CEP120 gene in p53-deficient RPE1 cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 editing system, and performed various analyses. We herein report that loss of CEP120 produces short centrioles with no apparent distal and subdistal appendages. CEP120 knockout was also associated with defective centriole elongation, impaired recruitment of C2CD3 and Talpid3 to the distal ends of centrioles, and consequent defects in centriole appendage assembly and cilia formation. Interestingly, wild-type CEP120 interacts with C2CD3 and Talpid3, whereas a disease-associated CEP120 mutant (I975S) has a low affinity for C2CD3 binding and perturbs cilia assembly. Together, our findings reveal a novel role of CEP120 in ciliogenesis by showing that it interacts with C2CD3 and Talpid3 to assemble centriole appendages and by illuminating the molecular mechanism through which the CEP120 (I975S) mutation causes complex ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Jie Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hua Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tang K Tang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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156
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Uzbekov R, Alieva I. Who are you, subdistal appendages of centriole? Open Biol 2019; 8:rsob.180062. [PMID: 30045886 PMCID: PMC6070718 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes data that assign morphological, biochemical and functional characteristics of two types of structures that are associated with centrioles: distal appendages and subdistal appendages. The description of centriole subdistal appendages is often a matter of confusion, both due to the numerous names used to describe these structures and because of their variability among species and cell types. Thus, we have summarized our current knowledge in this review. We conclude that distal appendages and subdistal appendages are fundamentally different in composition and function in the cell. While in centrioles there are always nine distal appendages, the number of subdistal appendages can vary depending on the type of cells and their functional state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustem Uzbekov
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032 Tours, France .,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Leninskye gory 73, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Alieva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskye gory 1-40, 119992 Moscow, Russia
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157
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Bowler M, Kong D, Sun S, Nanjundappa R, Evans L, Farmer V, Holland A, Mahjoub MR, Sui H, Loncarek J. High-resolution characterization of centriole distal appendage morphology and dynamics by correlative STORM and electron microscopy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:993. [PMID: 30824690 PMCID: PMC6397210 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are vital cellular structures that form centrosomes and cilia. The formation and function of cilia depends on a set of centriole's distal appendages. In this study, we use correlative super resolution and electron microscopy to precisely determine where distal appendage proteins localize in relation to the centriole microtubules and appendage electron densities. Here we characterize a novel distal appendage protein ANKRD26 and detail, in high resolution, the initial steps of distal appendage assembly. We further show that distal appendages undergo a dramatic ultra-structural reorganization before mitosis, during which they temporarily lose outer components, while inner components maintain a nine-fold organization. Finally, using electron tomography we reveal that mammalian distal appendages associate with two centriole microtubule triplets via an elaborate filamentous base and that they appear as almost radial finger-like protrusions. Our findings challenge the traditional portrayal of mammalian distal appendage as a pinwheel-like structure that is maintained throughout mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Bowler
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, NIH/NCI/CCR, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, NIH/NCI/CCR, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Dong Kong
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, NIH/NCI/CCR, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Shufeng Sun
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA
| | - Rashmi Nanjundappa
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology Division), Washington University, St Louis, 63110, MO, USA
| | - Lauren Evans
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Veronica Farmer
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, NIH/NCI/CCR, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, 37235, TN, USA
| | - Andrew Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Moe R Mahjoub
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology Division), Washington University, St Louis, 63110, MO, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, 12201, MO, USA
| | - Haixin Sui
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Albany, Albany, NY, 12201, USA
| | - Jadranka Loncarek
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, NIH/NCI/CCR, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA.
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158
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Kashihara H, Chiba S, Kanno SI, Suzuki K, Yano T, Tsukita S. Cep128 associates with Odf2 to form the subdistal appendage of the centriole. Genes Cells 2019; 24:231-243. [PMID: 30623524 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mother centriole in a cell has two appendages, the distal appendage (DA) and subdistal appendage (SDA), which have roles in generating cilia and organizing the cellular microtubular network, respectively. In the knockout (KO) cells of Odf2, the component of the DA and SDA, both appendages simultaneously disappear. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the DA and SDA form independently but close to each other downstream of Odf2 are unknown. Here, using super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM), we found that the signal for GFP-tagged Odf2 overlapped considerably with that of immunofluorescently labeled Cep128. We further found that Cep128 knockdown (KD) caused the dissociation of other SDA components from the centriole, including centriolin, Ndel1, ninein and Cep170, whereas Odf2 was still associated with the centriole. In contrast, the DA components remained associated with the centriole in Cep128 KD cells. Consistent with this observation, we identified Cep128 as an Odf2-interacting protein by immunoprecipitation. Taken with the finding that Cep128 deletion decreased the stability of centriolar microtubules, our results indicate that Cep128 associates with Odf2 in the hierarchical assembly of SDA components to elicit the microtubule-organizing function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuhei Chiba
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kanno
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yano
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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159
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Yang TT, Tran MNT, Chong WM, Huang CE, Liao JC. Single-particle tracking localization microscopy reveals nonaxonemal dynamics of intraflagellar transport proteins at the base of mammalian primary cilia. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:828-837. [PMID: 30759057 PMCID: PMC6589787 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-10-0654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia play a vital role in cellular sensing and signaling. An essential component of ciliogenesis is intraflagellar transport (IFT), which is involved in IFT protein recruitment, axonemal engagement of IFT protein complexes, and so on. The mechanistic understanding of these processes at the ciliary base was largely missing, because it is challenging to observe the motion of IFT proteins in this crowded region using conventional microscopy. Here, we report short-trajectory tracking of IFT proteins at the base of mammalian primary cilia by optimizing single-particle tracking photoactivated localization microscopy for IFT88-mEOS4b in live human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Intriguingly, we found that mobile IFT proteins “switched gears” multiple times from the distal appendages (DAPs) to the ciliary compartment (CC), moving slowly in the DAPs, relatively fast in the proximal transition zone (TZ), slowly again in the distal TZ, and then much faster in the CC. They could travel through the space between the DAPs and the axoneme without following DAP structures. We further revealed that BBS2 and IFT88 were highly populated at the distal TZ, a potential assembly site. Together, our live-cell single-particle tracking revealed region-dependent slowdown of IFT proteins at the ciliary base, shedding light on staged control of ciliary homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tony Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Minh Nguyet Thi Tran
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Weng Man Chong
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-En Huang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chi Liao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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160
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Abstract
The centriole is an ancient microtubule-based organelle with a conserved nine-fold symmetry. Centrioles form the core of centrosomes, which organize the interphase microtubule cytoskeleton of most animal cells and form the poles of the mitotic spindle. Centrioles can also be modified to form basal bodies, which template the formation of cilia and play central roles in cellular signaling, fluid movement, and locomotion. In this review, we discuss developments in our understanding of the biogenesis of centrioles and cilia and the regulatory controls that govern their structure and number. We also discuss how defects in these processes contribute to a spectrum of human diseases and how new technologies have expanded our understanding of centriole and cilium biology, revealing exciting avenues for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Breslow
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA;
| | - Andrew J Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA;
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161
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Nishimura Y, Kasahara K, Shiromizu T, Watanabe M, Inagaki M. Primary Cilia as Signaling Hubs in Health and Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801138. [PMID: 30643718 PMCID: PMC6325590 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia detect extracellular cues and transduce these signals into cells to regulate proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Here, the function of primary cilia as signaling hubs of growth factors and morphogens is in focus. First, the molecular mechanisms regulating the assembly and disassembly of primary cilia are described. Then, the role of primary cilia in mediating growth factor and morphogen signaling to maintain human health and the potential mechanisms by which defects in these pathways contribute to human diseases, such as ciliopathy, obesity, and cancer are described. Furthermore, a novel signaling pathway by which certain growth factors stimulate cell proliferation through suppression of ciliogenesis is also described, suggesting novel therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Integrative PharmacologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMie514‐8507Japan
| | - Kousuke Kasahara
- Department of PhysiologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMie514‐8507Japan
| | - Takashi Shiromizu
- Department of Integrative PharmacologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMie514‐8507Japan
| | - Masatoshi Watanabe
- Department of Oncologic PathologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMie514‐8507Japan
| | - Masaki Inagaki
- Department of PhysiologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMie514‐8507Japan
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162
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Abstract
Centrosome amplification is a feature of multiple tumour types and has been postulated to contribute to both tumour initiation and tumour progression. This chapter focuses on the mechanisms by which an increase in centrosome number might lead to an increase or decrease in tumour progression and the role of proteins that regulate centrosome number in driving tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunabha Bose
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- KS215, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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163
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NISHIMURA Y, KASAHARA K, INAGAKI M. Intermediate filaments and IF-associated proteins: from cell architecture to cell proliferation. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2019; 95:479-493. [PMID: 31611503 PMCID: PMC6819152 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.95.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs), in coordination with microfilaments and microtubules, form the structural framework of the cytoskeleton and nucleus, thereby providing mechanical support against cellular stresses and anchoring intracellular organelles in place. The assembly and disassembly of IFs are mainly regulated by the phosphorylation of IF proteins. These phosphorylation states can be tracked using antibodies raised against phosphopeptides in the target proteins. IFs exert their functions through interactions with not only structural proteins, but also non-structural proteins involved in cell signaling, such as stress responses, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. This review highlights findings related to how IFs regulate cell division through phosphorylation cascades and how trichoplein, a centriolar protein originally identified as a keratin-associated protein, regulates the cell cycle through primary cilium formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei NISHIMURA
- Departments of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Kousuke KASAHARA
- Department of Physiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Masaki INAGAKI
- Department of Physiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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164
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Baehr W, Hanke-Gogokhia C, Sharif A, Reed M, Dahl T, Frederick JM, Ying G. Insights into photoreceptor ciliogenesis revealed by animal models. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 71:26-56. [PMID: 30590118 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Photoreceptors are polarized neurons, with very specific subcellular compartmentalization and unique requirements for protein expression and trafficking. Each photoreceptor contains an outer segment, the site of photon capture that initiates vision, an inner segment that houses the biosynthetic machinery and a synaptic terminal for signal transmission to downstream neurons. Outer segments and inner segments are connected by a connecting cilium (CC), the equivalent of a transition zone (TZ) of primary cilia. The connecting cilium is part of the basal body/axoneme backbone that stabilizes the outer segment. This report will update the reader on late developments in photoreceptor ciliogenesis and transition zone formation, specifically in mouse photoreceptors, focusing on early events in photoreceptor ciliogenesis. The connecting cilium, an elongated and narrow structure through which all outer segment proteins and membrane components must traffic, functions as a gate that controls access to the outer segment. Here we will review genes and their protein products essential for basal body maturation and for CC/TZ genesis, sorted by phenotype. Emphasis is given to naturally occurring mouse mutants and gene knockouts that interfere with CC/TZ formation and ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Baehr
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
| | - Christin Hanke-Gogokhia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Michelle Reed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Tiffanie Dahl
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Jeanne M Frederick
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Guoxin Ying
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
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165
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Tu HQ, Qin XH, Liu ZB, Song ZQ, Hu HB, Zhang YC, Chang Y, Wu M, Huang Y, Bai YF, Wang G, Han QY, Li AL, Zhou T, Liu F, Zhang XM, Li HY. Microtubule asters anchored by FSD1 control axoneme assembly and ciliogenesis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5277. [PMID: 30538248 PMCID: PMC6290075 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07664-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective ciliogenesis causes human developmental diseases termed ciliopathies. Microtubule (MT) asters originating from centrosomes in mitosis ensure the fidelity of cell division by positioning the spindle apparatus. However, the function of microtubule asters in interphase remains largely unknown. Here, we reveal an essential role of MT asters in transition zone (TZ) assembly during ciliogenesis. We demonstrate that the centrosome protein FSD1, whose biological function is largely unknown, anchors MT asters to interphase centrosomes by binding to microtubules. FSD1 knockdown causes defective ciliogenesis and affects embryonic development in vertebrates. We further show that disruption of MT aster anchorage by depleting FSD1 or other known anchoring proteins delocalizes the TZ assembly factor Cep290 from centriolar satellites, and causes TZ assembly defects. Thus, our study establishes FSD1 as a MT aster anchorage protein and reveals an important function of MT asters anchored by FSD1 in TZ assembly during ciliogenesis. Microtubule asters originate from centrosomes but their role during interphase remains largely unknown. Here, the authors find that microtubule asters anchored by previously-uncharacterized FSD1 play a role in ciliogenesis by maintaining the dynamic localization of centriolar satellites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Qing Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xuan-He Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zeng-Qing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Huai-Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yun-Feng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Guang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Qiu-Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ai-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xue-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Hui-Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China. .,Cancer Research Institute of Jilin University, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
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166
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Inoko A, Yano T, Miyamoto T, Matsuura S, Kiyono T, Goshima N, Inagaki M, Hayashi Y. Albatross/FBF1 contributes to both centriole duplication and centrosome separation. Genes Cells 2018; 23:1023-1042. [PMID: 30318703 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The centrosome is a small but important organelle that participates in centriole duplication, spindle formation, and ciliogenesis. Each event is regulated by key enzymatic reactions, but how these processes are integrated remains unknown. Recent studies have reported that ciliogenesis is controlled by distal appendage proteins such as FBF1, also known as Albatross. However, the precise role of Albatross in the centrosome cycle, including centriole duplication and centrosome separation, remains to be determined. Here, we report a novel function for Albatross at the proximal ends of centrioles. Using Albatross monospecific antibodies, full-length constructs, and siRNAs for rescue experiments, we found that Albatross mediates centriole duplication by recruiting HsSAS-6, a cartwheel protein of centrioles. Moreover, Albatross participates in centrosome separation during mitosis by recruiting Plk1 to residue S348 of Albatross after its phosphorylation. Taken together, our results show that Albatross is a novel protein that spatiotemporally integrates different aspects of centrosome function, namely ciliogenesis, centriole duplication, and centrosome separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Inoko
- Division of Biochemistry, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yano
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Miyamoto
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinya Matsuura
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Goshima
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Inagaki
- Division of Biochemistry, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuko Hayashi
- Division of Biochemistry, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
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167
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Compound heterozygous splice site variants in the SCLT1 gene highlight an additional candidate locus for Senior-Løken syndrome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16733. [PMID: 30425282 PMCID: PMC6233217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Senior Løken syndrome (SLS) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by severe retinal degenerations and juvenile-onset nephronophthisis. Genetic variants in ten different genes have been reported as the causes of SLS. Clinical evaluation of a patient with SLS and her unaffected parents revealed that the patient had infantile-onset retinal dystrophy and juvenile-onset nephronophthisis. Other systemic abnormalities included hepatic dysfunction, megacystis, mild learning disability, autism, obesity, and hyperinsulinemia. Whole-exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous SCLT1 variants (c.1218 + 3insT and c.1631A > G) in the patient. The unaffected parents were heterozygous for each variant. Transcript analysis using reverse transcription PCR demonstrated that the c.1218 + 3insT variant leads to exon 14 skipping (p.V383_M406del), while the other variant (c.1631A > G) primarily leads to exon 17 skipping (p.D480EfsX11) as well as minor amounts of two transcripts (6 bps deletion in the last of exon 17 [p.V543_K544del] and exons 17 and 18 skipping [p.D480E, S481_K610del]). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the Sclt1 protein was localized to the distal appendage of the photoreceptor basal body, indicating a ciliary protein. In conclusion, we identified compound heterozygous splice site variants of SCLT1 in a patient with a new form of ciliopathies that exhibits clinical features of SLS.
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168
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Shahid U, Singh P. Emerging Picture of Deuterosome-Dependent Centriole Amplification in MCCs. Cells 2018; 7:E152. [PMID: 30262752 PMCID: PMC6210342 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiciliated cells (MCCs) have several hair-like structures called cilia, which are required to propel substances on their surface. A cilium is organized from a basal body which resembles a hollow microtubule structure called a centriole. In terminally differentiated MCCs, hundreds of new basal bodies/centrioles are formed via two parallel pathways: the centriole- and deuterosome-dependent pathways. The deuterosome-dependent pathway is also referred to as "de novo" because unlike the centriole-dependent pathway which requires pre-existing centrioles, in the de novo pathway multiple new centrioles are organized around non-microtubule structures called deuterosomes. In the last five years, some deuterosome-specific markers have been identified and concurrent advancements in the super-resolution techniques have significantly contributed to gaining insights about the major stages of centriole amplification during ciliogenesis. Altogether, a new picture is emerging which also challenges the previous notion that deuterosome pathway is de novo. This review is primarily focused on studies that have contributed towards the better understanding of deuterosome-dependent centriole amplification and presents a developing model about the major stages identified during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umama Shahid
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagour Road, Karwar 342037, India.
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagour Road, Karwar 342037, India.
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169
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Wang L, Failler M, Fu W, Dynlacht BD. A distal centriolar protein network controls organelle maturation and asymmetry. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3938. [PMID: 30258116 PMCID: PMC6158247 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A long-standing mystery in the centrosome field pertains to the origin of asymmetry within the organelle. The removal of daughter centriole-specific/enriched proteins (DCPs) and acquisition of distal appendages on the future mother centriole are two important steps in the generation of asymmetry. We find that DCPs are recruited sequentially, and their removal is abolished in cells lacking Talpid3 or C2CD3. We show that removal of certain DCPs constitutes another level of control for distal appendage (DA) assembly. Remarkably, we also find that Talpid3 forms a distal centriolar multi-functional hub that coordinates the removal of specific DCPs, DA assembly, and recruitment of ciliary vesicles through distinct regions mutated in ciliopathies. Finally, we show that Talpid3, C2CD3, and OFD1 differentially regulate the assembly of sub-distal appendages, the CEP350/FOP/CEP19 module, centriolar satellites, and actin networks. Our work extends the spatial and functional understanding of proteins that control organelle maturation and asymmetry, ciliogenesis, and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Marion Failler
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Wenxiang Fu
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brian D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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170
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Kurtulmus B, Yuan C, Schuy J, Neuner A, Hata S, Kalamakis G, Martin-Villalba A, Pereira G. LRRC45 contributes to early steps of axoneme extension. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.223594. [PMID: 30131441 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.223594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia perform essential signalling functions during development and tissue homeostasis. A key event in ciliogenesis occurs when the distal appendages of the mother centriole form a platform that docks ciliary vesicles and removes CP110-Cep97 inhibitory complexes. Here, we analysed the role of LRRC45 in appendage formation and ciliogenesis. We show that the core appendage proteins Cep83 and SCLT1 recruit LRRC45 to the mother centriole. Once there, LRRC45 recruits the keratin-binding protein FBF1. The association of LRRC45 with the basal body of primary and motile cilia in both differentiated and stem cells reveals a broad function in ciliogenesis. In contrast to the appendage components Cep164 and Cep123, LRRC45 was not essential for either docking of early ciliary vesicles or for removal of CP110. Rather, LRRC45 promotes cilia biogenesis in CP110-uncapped centrioles by organising centriolar satellites, establishing the transition zone and promoting the docking of Rab8 GTPase-positive vesicles. We propose that, instead of acting solely as a platform to recruit early vesicles, centriole appendages form discrete scaffolds of cooperating proteins that execute specific functions that promote the initial steps of ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahtiyar Kurtulmus
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Molecular Biology of Centrosomes and Cilia Group, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cheng Yuan
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Molecular Biology of Centrosomes and Cilia Group, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Schuy
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annett Neuner
- Centre for Cell and Molecular Biology (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shoji Hata
- Centre for Cell and Molecular Biology (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georgios Kalamakis
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Martin-Villalba
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gislene Pereira
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany .,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Molecular Biology of Centrosomes and Cilia Group, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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171
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Fong CS, Ozaki K, Tsou MFB. PPP1R35 ensures centriole homeostasis by promoting centriole-to-centrosome conversion. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:2801-2808. [PMID: 30230954 PMCID: PMC6249868 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-08-0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Centriole-to-centrosome conversion (CCC) safeguards centriole homeostasis by coupling centriole duplication with segregation, and is essential for stabilization of mature vertebrate centrioles naturally devoid of the geometric scaffold or the cartwheel. Here we identified PPP1R35, a putative regulator of the protein phosphatase PP1, as a novel centriolar protein required for CCC. We found that PPP1R35 is enriched at newborn daughter centrioles in S or G2 phase. In the absence of PPP1R35, centriole assembly initiates normally in S phase, but none of the nascent centrioles can form active centrosomes or recruit CEP295, an essential factor for CCC. Instead, all PPP1R35-null centrioles, although stable during their birth in interphase, become disintegrated after mitosis upon cartwheel removal. Surprisingly, we found that neither the centriolar localization nor the function of PPP1R35 in CCC requires the putative PP1-interacting motif. PPP1R35 is thus acting upstream of CEP295 to induce CCC for proper centriole maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chii Shyang Fong
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Kanako Ozaki
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Meng-Fu Bryan Tsou
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065.,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
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172
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Abstract
The primary cilium is an antenna-like organelle assembled on most types of quiescent and differentiated mammalian cells. This immotile structure is essential for interpreting extracellular signals that regulate growth, development and homeostasis. As such, ciliary defects produce a spectrum of human diseases, termed ciliopathies, and deregulation of this important organelle also plays key roles during tumor formation and progression. Recent studies have begun to clarify the key mechanisms that regulate ciliary assembly and disassembly in both normal and tumor cells, highlighting new possibilities for therapeutic intervention. Here, we review these exciting new findings, discussing the molecular factors involved in cilium formation and removal, the intrinsic and extrinsic control of cilium assembly and disassembly, and the relevance of these processes to mammalian cell growth and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Brian D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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173
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Hossain D, Tsang WY. The role of ubiquitination in the regulation of primary cilia assembly and disassembly. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 93:145-152. [PMID: 30213760 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The primary cilium is a cellular antenna found on the surface of many eukaryotic cells, whose main role is to sense and transduce signals that regulate growth, development, and differentiation. Although once believed to be a vestigial organelle without important function, it has become clear that defects in primary cilium are responsible for a wide variety of genetic diseases affecting many organs and tissues, including the brain, eyes, heart, kidneys, liver, and pancreas. The primary cilium is mainly present in quiescent and differentiated cells, and controls must exist to ensure that this organelle is assembled or disassembled at the right time. Although many protein components required for building the cilium have been identified, mechanistic details of how these proteins are spatially and temporally regulated and how these regulations are connected to external cues are beginning to emerge. This review article highlights the role of ubiquitination and in particular, E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases, in the control of primary cilia assembly and disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delowar Hossain
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1R7, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - William Y Tsang
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1R7, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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174
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Gawden-Bone CM, Frazer GL, Richard AC, Ma CY, Strege K, Griffiths GM. PIP5 Kinases Regulate Membrane Phosphoinositide and Actin Composition for Targeted Granule Secretion by Cytotoxic Lymphocytes. Immunity 2018; 49:427-437.e4. [PMID: 30217409 PMCID: PMC6162341 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
How cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) sense T cell receptor (TCR) signaling in order to specialize an area of plasma membrane for granule secretion is not understood. Here, we demonstrate that immune synapse formation led to rapid localized changes in the phosphoinositide composition of the plasma membrane, both reducing phosphoinositide-4-phosphate (PI(4)P), PI(4,5)P2, and PI(3,4,5)P3 and increasing diacylglycerol (DAG) and PI(3,4)P2 within the first 2 min of synapse formation. These changes reduced negative charge across the synapse, triggering the release of electrostatically bound PIP5 kinases that are required to replenish PI(4,5)P2. As PI(4,5)P2 decreased, actin was depleted from the membrane, allowing secretion. Forced localization of PIP5Kβ across the synapse prevented actin depletion, blocking both centrosome docking and secretion. Thus, PIP5Ks act as molecular sensors of TCR activation, controlling actin recruitment across the synapse, ensuring exquisite co-ordination between TCR signaling and CTL secretion. Immune synapse formation triggers rapid changes in the membrane composition and charge PIP5K is a molecular sensor of TCR activation and is rapidly depleted at the synapse PIP5K distribution controls actin recruitment across the immune synapse Membrane specialization controls accessibility for centrosome docking and secretion
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Gawden-Bone
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gordon L Frazer
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Arianne C Richard
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Claire Y Ma
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Katharina Strege
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gillian M Griffiths
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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175
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Revisiting Centrioles in Nematodes-Historic Findings and Current Topics. Cells 2018; 7:cells7080101. [PMID: 30096824 PMCID: PMC6115991 DOI: 10.3390/cells7080101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Theodor Boveri is considered as the “father” of centrosome biology. Boveri’s fundamental findings have laid the groundwork for decades of research on centrosomes. Here, we briefly review his early work on centrosomes and his first description of the centriole. Mainly focusing on centriole structure, duplication, and centriole assembly factors in C. elegans, we will highlight the role of this model in studying germ line centrosomes in nematodes. Last but not least, we will point to future directions of the C. elegans centrosome field.
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176
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Cilium structure, assembly, and disassembly regulated by the cytoskeleton. Biochem J 2018; 475:2329-2353. [PMID: 30064990 PMCID: PMC6068341 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cilium, once considered a vestigial structure, is a conserved, microtubule-based organelle critical for transducing extracellular chemical and mechanical signals that control cell polarity, differentiation, and proliferation. The cilium undergoes cycles of assembly and disassembly that are controlled by complex inter-relationships with the cytoskeleton. Microtubules form the core of the cilium, the axoneme, and are regulated by post-translational modifications, associated proteins, and microtubule dynamics. Although actin and septin cytoskeletons are not major components of the axoneme, they also regulate cilium organization and assembly state. Here, we discuss recent advances on how these different cytoskeletal systems affect cilium function, structure, and organization.
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177
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Jenks AD, Vyse S, Wong JP, Kostaras E, Keller D, Burgoyne T, Shoemark A, Tsalikis A, de la Roche M, Michaelis M, Cinatl J, Huang PH, Tanos BE. Primary Cilia Mediate Diverse Kinase Inhibitor Resistance Mechanisms in Cancer. Cell Rep 2018; 23:3042-3055. [PMID: 29874589 PMCID: PMC6016080 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles that detect mechanical and chemical stimuli. Although cilia house a number of oncogenic molecules (including Smoothened, KRAS, EGFR, and PDGFR), their precise role in cancer remains unclear. We have interrogated the role of cilia in acquired and de novo resistance to a variety of kinase inhibitors, and found that, in several examples, resistant cells are distinctly characterized by an increase in the number and/or length of cilia with altered structural features. Changes in ciliation seem to be linked to differences in the molecular composition of cilia and result in enhanced Hedgehog pathway activation. Notably, manipulating cilia length via Kif7 knockdown is sufficient to confer drug resistance in drug-sensitive cells. Conversely, targeting of cilia length or integrity through genetic and pharmacological approaches overcomes kinase inhibitor resistance. Our work establishes a role for ciliogenesis and cilia length in promoting cancer drug resistance and has significant translational implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Jenks
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Simon Vyse
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Jocelyn P Wong
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Eleftherios Kostaras
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Deborah Keller
- FILM, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Amelia Shoemark
- Imperial College London, London, UK Electron Microscopy Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Athanasios Tsalikis
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | | | - Martin Michaelis
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute of Medical Virology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Paul H Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Barbara E Tanos
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK.
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178
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Weng RR, Yang TT, Huang CE, Chang CW, Wang WJ, Liao JC. Super-Resolution Imaging Reveals TCTN2 Depletion-Induced IFT88 Lumen Leakage and Ciliary Weakening. Biophys J 2018; 115:263-275. [PMID: 29866362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is an essential organelle mediating key signaling activities, such as sonic hedgehog signaling. The molecular composition of the ciliary compartment is distinct from that of the cytosol, with the transition zone (TZ) gated the ciliary base. The TZ is a packed and organized protein complex containing multiple ciliopathy-associated protein species. Tectonic 2 (TCTN2) is one of the TZ proteins in the vicinity of the ciliary membrane, and its mutation is associated with Meckel syndrome. Despite its importance in ciliopathies, the role of TCTN2 in ciliary structure and molecules remains unclear. Here, we created a CRISPR/Cas9 TCTN2 knockout human retinal pigment epithelial cell line and conducted quantitative analysis of geometric localization using both wide-field and super-resolution microscopy techniques. We found that TCTN2 depletion resulted in partial TZ damage, loss of ciliary membrane proteins, leakage of intraflagellar transport protein IFT88 toward the basal body lumen, and cilium shortening and curving. The basal body lumen occupancy of IFT88 was also observed in si-RPGRIP1L cells and cytochalasin-D-treated wild-type cells, suggesting varying lumen accessibility for intraflagellar transport proteins under different perturbed conditions. Our findings support two possible models for the lumen leakage of IFT88, i.e., a tip leakage model and a misregulation model. Together, our quantitative image analysis augmented by super-resolution microscopy facilitates the observation of structural destruction and molecular redistribution in TCTN2-/- cilia, shedding light on mechanistic understanding of TZ-protein-associated ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rueyhung Roc Weng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T Tony Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-En Huang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Won-Jing Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chi Liao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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179
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Joseph N, Al-Jassar C, Johnson CM, Andreeva A, Barnabas DD, Freund SMV, Gergely F, van Breugel M. Disease-Associated Mutations in CEP120 Destabilize the Protein and Impair Ciliogenesis. Cell Rep 2018; 23:2805-2818. [PMID: 29847808 PMCID: PMC5990496 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a group of genetic disorders caused by a failure to form functional cilia. Due to a lack of structural information, it is currently poorly understood how ciliopathic mutations affect protein functionality to give rise to the underlying disease. Using X-ray crystallography, we show that the ciliopathy-associated centriolar protein CEP120 contains three C2 domains. The point mutations V194A and A199P, which cause Joubert syndrome (JS) and Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (JATD), respectively, both reduce the thermostability of the second C2 domain by targeting residues that point toward its hydrophobic core. Genome-engineered cells homozygous for these mutations have largely normal centriole numbers but show reduced CEP120 levels, compromised recruitment of distal centriole markers, and deficient cilia formation. Our results provide insight into the disease mechanism of two ciliopathic mutations in CEP120, identify putative binding partners of CEP120 C2B, and suggest a complex genotype-phenotype relation of the CEP120 ciliopathy alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimesh Joseph
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Caezar Al-Jassar
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Christopher M Johnson
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Antonina Andreeva
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Deepak D Barnabas
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Stefan M V Freund
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Fanni Gergely
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.
| | - Mark van Breugel
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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180
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Niimi T, Nakamura T. The fission yeast SPB component Dms1 is required to initiate forespore membrane formation and maintain meiotic SPB components. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197879. [PMID: 29813128 PMCID: PMC5973557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle pole body (SPB) plays a central role in spore plasma membrane formation in addition to its recognized role in microtubule organization. During meiosis, a biomembrane called the forespore membrane (FSM) is newly formed at the SPB. Although several SPB proteins essential for the initiation of FSM formation (meiotic SPB components) have been identified, the molecular mechanism is still unknown. Here, we report the isolation and functional characterization of Dms1 as a component of the SPB. We show that FSM formation does not initiate in dms1Δ cells. Dms1 protein is constitutively expressed throughout the life cycle and localizes to the SPB and the nuclear envelope. The predicted Dms1 protein has a transmembrane domain, which is required for correct localization at the SPB. Dms1 is essential for the proper localization of three meiotic SPB components, Spo15, Spo2, and Spo13, but these components do not affect localization of Dms1. Collectively, these results suggest that Dms1 anchors these meiotic SPB components to the SPB, thereby facilitating the initiation of FSM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touko Niimi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taro Nakamura
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
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181
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Yang TT, Chong WM, Wang WJ, Mazo G, Tanos B, Chen Z, Tran TMN, Chen YD, Weng RR, Huang CE, Jane WN, Tsou MFB, Liao JC. Super-resolution architecture of mammalian centriole distal appendages reveals distinct blade and matrix functional components. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2023. [PMID: 29789620 PMCID: PMC5964178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Distal appendages (DAPs) are nanoscale, pinwheel-like structures protruding from the distal end of the centriole that mediate membrane docking during ciliogenesis, marking the cilia base around the ciliary gate. Here we determine a super-resolved multiplex of 16 centriole-distal-end components. Surprisingly, rather than pinwheels, intact DAPs exhibit a cone-shaped architecture with components filling the space between each pinwheel blade, a new structural element we term the distal appendage matrix (DAM). Specifically, CEP83, CEP89, SCLT1, and CEP164 form the backbone of pinwheel blades, with CEP83 confined at the root and CEP164 extending to the tip near the membrane-docking site. By contrast, FBF1 marks the distal end of the DAM near the ciliary membrane. Strikingly, unlike CEP164, which is essential for ciliogenesis, FBF1 is required for ciliary gating of transmembrane proteins, revealing DAPs as an essential component of the ciliary gate. Our findings redefine both the structure and function of DAPs. Distal appendages (DAPs) at the cilia base mediate membrane docking during ciliogenesis. Here the authors use super-resolution microscopy to map 16 centriole distal end components, revealing the structure of the backbone of the DAP, as well as a previously undescribed distal appendage matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tony Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Weng Man Chong
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Won-Jing Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Gregory Mazo
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Zhengmin Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Thi Minh Nguyet Tran
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yi-De Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Rueyhung Roc Weng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-En Huang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,TFBS Bioscience, Inc., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wann-Neng Jane
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Fu Bryan Tsou
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Jung-Chi Liao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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182
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Wang C, Li J, Takemaru KI, Jiang X, Xu G, Wang B. Centrosomal protein Dzip1l binds Cby, promotes ciliary bud formation, and acts redundantly with Bromi to regulate ciliogenesis in the mouse. Development 2018; 145:dev.164236. [PMID: 29487109 DOI: 10.1242/dev.164236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The primary cilium is a microtubule-based organelle required for Hedgehog (Hh) signaling and consists of a basal body, a ciliary axoneme and a compartment between the first two structures, called the transition zone (TZ). The TZ serves as a gatekeeper to control protein composition in cilia, but less is known about its role in ciliary bud formation. Here, we show that centrosomal protein Dzip1l is required for Hh signaling between Smoothened and Sufu. Dzip1l colocalizes with basal body appendage proteins and Rpgrip1l, a TZ protein. Loss of Dzip1l results in reduced ciliogenesis and dysmorphic cilia in vivo Dzip1l interacts with, and acts upstream of, Cby, an appendage protein, in ciliogenesis. Dzip1l also has overlapping functions with Bromi (Tbc1d32) in ciliogenesis, cilia morphogenesis and neural tube patterning. Loss of Dzip1l arrests ciliogenesis at the stage of ciliary bud formation from the TZ. Consistent with this, Dzip1l mutant cells fail to remove the capping protein Cp110 (Ccp110) from the distal end of mother centrioles and to recruit Rpgrip1l to the TZ. Therefore, Dzip1l promotes ciliary bud formation and is required for the integrity of the TZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbing Wang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, W404, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, W404, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ken-Ichi Takemaru
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Xiaogang Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Baolin Wang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, W404, New York, NY 10065, USA .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, W404, New York, NY 10065, USA
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183
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Wang JT, Stearns T. The ABCs of Centriole Architecture: The Form and Function of Triplet Microtubules. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2018; 82:145-155. [PMID: 29540555 PMCID: PMC11156431 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2017.82.034496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The centriole is a defining feature of many eukaryotic cells. It nucleates a cilium, organizes microtubules as part of the centrosome, and is duplicated in coordination with the cell cycle. Centrioles have a remarkable structure, consisting of microtubules arranged in a barrel with ninefold radial symmetry. At their base, or proximal end, centrioles have unique triplet microtubules, formed from three microtubules linked to each other. This microtubule organization is not found anywhere else in the cell, is conserved in all major branches of the eukaryotic tree, and likely was present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor. At their tip, or distal end, centrioles have doublet microtubules, which template the cilium. Here, we consider the structures of the compound microtubules in centrioles and discuss potential mechanisms for their formation and their function. We propose that triplet microtubules are required for the structural integrity of centrioles, allowing the centriole to serve as the essential nucleator of the cilium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T Wang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020
| | - Tim Stearns
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
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184
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Skalická K, Hrčková G, Vaská A, Baranyaiová Á, Kovács L. Genetic defects in ciliary genes in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. World J Nephrol 2018; 7:65-70. [PMID: 29527510 PMCID: PMC5838416 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v7.i2.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the genetic defects of ciliary genes causing the loss of primary cilium in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).
METHODS We analyzed 191 structural and functional genes of the primary cilium using next-generation sequencing analysis. We analyzed the kidney samples, which were obtained from 7 patients with ADPKD who underwent nephrectomy. Each sample contained polycystic kidney tissue and matched normal kidney tissue.
RESULTS In our study, we identified genetic defects in the 5 to 15 genes in each ADPKD sample. The most frequently identified defects were found in genes encoding centrosomal proteins (PCM1, ODF2, HTT and CEP89) and kinesin family member 19 (KIF19), which are important for ciliogenesis. In addition, pathogenic mutations in the PCM1 and KIF19 genes were found in all ADPKD samples. Interestingly, mutations in the genes encoding the intraflagellar transport proteins, which are the basis of animal models of ADPKD, were only rarely detected.
CONCLUSION The results of our study revealed the actual state of structural ciliary genes in human ADPKD tissues and provided valuable indications for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Skalická
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Children’s Hospital, Bratislava 83340, Slovakia
| | - Gabriela Hrčková
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Children’s Hospital, Bratislava 83340, Slovakia
| | - Anita Vaská
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Children’s Hospital, Bratislava 83340, Slovakia
| | - Ágnes Baranyaiová
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Children’s Hospital, Bratislava 83340, Slovakia
| | - László Kovács
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Children’s Hospital, Bratislava 83340, Slovakia
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185
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Ogungbenro YA, Tena TC, Gaboriau D, Lalor P, Dockery P, Philipp M, Morrison CG. Centrobin controls primary ciliogenesis in vertebrates. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1205-1215. [PMID: 29440264 PMCID: PMC5881496 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201706095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The BRCA2 interactor, centrobin, is a centrosomal protein that has been implicated in centriole duplication and microtubule stability. We used genome editing to ablate CNTROB in hTERT-RPE1 cells and observed an increased frequency of monocentriolar and acentriolar cells. Using a novel monoclonal antibody, we found that centrobin primarily localizes to daughter centrioles but also associates with mother centrioles upon serum starvation. Strikingly, centrobin loss abrogated primary ciliation upon serum starvation. Ultrastructural analysis of centrobin nulls revealed defective axonemal extension after mother centriole docking. Ciliogenesis required a C-terminal portion of centrobin that interacts with CP110 and tubulin. We also depleted centrobin in zebrafish embryos to explore its roles in an entire organism. Centrobin-depleted embryos showed microcephaly, with curved and shorter bodies, along with marked defects in laterality control, morphological features that indicate ciliary dysfunction. Our data identify new roles for centrobin as a positive regulator of vertebrate ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetunde Adesanya Ogungbenro
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Teresa Casar Tena
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - David Gaboriau
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, Imperial College London, London, England, UK
| | - Pierce Lalor
- Anatomy, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peter Dockery
- Anatomy, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Melanie Philipp
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ciaran G Morrison
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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186
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Bozal-Basterra L, Martín-Ruíz I, Pirone L, Liang Y, Sigurðsson JO, Gonzalez-Santamarta M, Giordano I, Gabicagogeascoa E, de Luca A, Rodríguez JA, Wilkie AO, Kohlhase J, Eastwood D, Yale C, Olsen JV, Rauchman M, Anderson KV, Sutherland JD, Barrio R. Truncated SALL1 Impedes Primary Cilia Function in Townes-Brocks Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:249-265. [PMID: 29395072 PMCID: PMC5985538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Townes-Brocks syndrome (TBS) is characterized by a spectrum of malformations in the digits, ears, and kidneys. These anomalies overlap those seen in a growing number of ciliopathies, which are genetic syndromes linked to defects in the formation or function of the primary cilia. TBS is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the transcriptional repressor SALL1 and is associated with the presence of a truncated protein that localizes to the cytoplasm. Here, we provide evidence that SALL1 mutations might cause TBS by means beyond its transcriptional capacity. By using proximity proteomics, we show that truncated SALL1 interacts with factors related to cilia function, including the negative regulators of ciliogenesis CCP110 and CEP97. This most likely contributes to more frequent cilia formation in TBS-derived fibroblasts, as well as in a CRISPR/Cas9-generated model cell line and in TBS-modeled mouse embryonic fibroblasts, than in wild-type controls. Furthermore, TBS-like cells show changes in cilia length and disassembly rates in combination with aberrant SHH signaling transduction. These findings support the hypothesis that aberrations in primary cilia and SHH signaling are contributing factors in TBS phenotypes, representing a paradigm shift in understanding TBS etiology. These results open possibilities for the treatment of TBS.
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187
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Patwardhan D, Mani S, Passemard S, Gressens P, El Ghouzzi V. STIL balancing primary microcephaly and cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:65. [PMID: 29352115 PMCID: PMC5833631 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell division and differentiation are two fundamental physiological processes that need to be tightly balanced to achieve harmonious development of an organ or a tissue without jeopardizing its homeostasis. The role played by the centriolar protein STIL is highly illustrative of this balance at different stages of life as deregulation of the human STIL gene expression has been associated with either insufficient brain development (primary microcephaly) or cancer, two conditions resulting from perturbations in cell cycle and chromosomal segregation. This review describes the recent advances on STIL functions in the control of centriole duplication and mitotic spindle integrity, and discusses how pathological perturbations of its finely tuned expression result in chromosomal instability in both embryonic and postnatal situations, highlighting the concept that common key factors are involved in developmental steps and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruti Patwardhan
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre for Neuroscience, IISC Bangalore, India
| | - Shyamala Mani
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Curadev Pharma, B 87, Sector 83, Noida, UP, 201305,, India
| | - Sandrine Passemard
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- AP HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Service de Génétique Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gressens
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Vincent El Ghouzzi
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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188
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Myosin-Va is required for preciliary vesicle transportation to the mother centriole during ciliogenesis. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:175-185. [DOI: 10.1038/s41556-017-0018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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189
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Li J, Lu D, Liu H, Williams BO, Overbeek PA, Lee B, Zheng L, Yang T. Sclt1 deficiency causes cystic kidney by activating ERK and STAT3 signaling. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:2949-2960. [PMID: 28486600 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies form a group of inherited disorders sharing several clinical manifestations because of abnormal cilia formation or function, and few treatments have been successful against these disorders. Here, we report a mouse model with mutated Sclt1 gene, which encodes a centriole distal appendage protein important for ciliogenesis. Sodium channel and clathrin linker 1 (SCLT1) mutations were associated with the oral-facial-digital syndrome (OFD), an autosomal recessive ciliopathy. The Sclt1-/- mice exhibit typical ciliopathy phenotypes, including cystic kidney, cleft palate and polydactyly. Sclt1-loss decreases the number of cilia in kidney; increases proliferation and apoptosis of renal tubule epithelial cells; elevates protein kinase A, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, SMAD and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways; and enhances pro-inflammation and pro-fibrosis pathways with disease progression. Embryonic kidney cyst formation of Sclt1-/- mice was effectively reduced by an anti-STAT3 treatment using pyrimethamine. Overall, we reported a new mouse model for the OFD; and our data suggest that STAT3 inhibition may be a promising treatment for SCLT1-associated cystic kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshuang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P.R. China.,Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Metastasis, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Di Lu
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Metastasis, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Huadie Liu
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Metastasis, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Bart O Williams
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Metastasis, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | | | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ling Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Metastasis, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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190
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Dateyama I, Sugihara Y, Chiba S, Ota R, Nakagawa R, Kobayashi T, Itoh H. RABL2 positively controls localization of GPCRs in mammalian primary cilia. J Cell Sci 2018; 132:jcs.224428. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.224428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilium, a solitary protrusion from most mammalian cells, functions as a cell's sensor by receiving extra-cellular signals through receptors and channels accumulated in the organelle. Certain G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) specifically localize to membrane compartment of the primary cilia. To gain insight into the mechanisms that regulate ciliary GPCR sorting, we investigated an atypical small GTPase RAB-like 2 (RABL2). RABL2 recruitment to the mother centriole is dependent on distal appendage proteins, CEP164 and CEP83. We found that silencing of RABL2 causes mis-targeting of ciliary GPCRs, GPR161 and HTR6, whereas overexpression of RABL2 resulted in accumulation of these receptors in the organelle. Ablation of CEP19 and IFT-B, which interact with RABL2, also lead to mis-localization of GPR161. RABL2 controls localization of GPR161 independently of TULP3, which promotes entry of ciliary GPCRs. We further demonstrated that RABL2 physically associates with ciliary GPCRs. Altogether, these studies suggest that RABL2 plays an important role in trafficking of ciliary GPCRs at the ciliary base in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Dateyama
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sugihara
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shuhei Chiba
- Department of Genetic Disease Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 1-4-3 Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Reo Ota
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Risa Nakagawa
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kobayashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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191
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Loncarek J, Bettencourt-Dias M. Building the right centriole for each cell type. J Cell Biol 2017; 217:823-835. [PMID: 29284667 PMCID: PMC5839779 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201704093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Loncarek and Bettencourt-Dias review molecular mechanisms of centriole biogenesis amongst different organisms and cell types. The centriole is a multifunctional structure that organizes centrosomes and cilia and is important for cell signaling, cell cycle progression, polarity, and motility. Defects in centriole number and structure are associated with human diseases including cancer and ciliopathies. Discovery of the centriole dates back to the 19th century. However, recent advances in genetic and biochemical tools, development of high-resolution microscopy, and identification of centriole components have accelerated our understanding of its assembly, function, evolution, and its role in human disease. The centriole is an evolutionarily conserved structure built from highly conserved proteins and is present in all branches of the eukaryotic tree of life. However, centriole number, size, and organization varies among different organisms and even cell types within a single organism, reflecting its cell type–specialized functions. In this review, we provide an overview of our current understanding of centriole biogenesis and how variations around the same theme generate alternatives for centriole formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadranka Loncarek
- Cell Cycle Regulation Lab, Gulbenkian Institute of Science, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mónica Bettencourt-Dias
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, National Institutes of Health/Center for Cancer Research/National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD
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192
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Siller SS, Sharma H, Li S, Yang J, Zhang Y, Holtzman MJ, Winuthayanon W, Colognato H, Holdener BC, Li FQ, Takemaru KI. Conditional knockout mice for the distal appendage protein CEP164 reveal its essential roles in airway multiciliated cell differentiation. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007128. [PMID: 29244804 PMCID: PMC5747467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiciliated cells of the airways, brain ventricles, and female reproductive tract provide the motive force for mucociliary clearance, cerebrospinal fluid circulation, and ovum transport. Despite their clear importance to human biology and health, the molecular mechanisms underlying multiciliated cell differentiation are poorly understood. Prior studies implicate the distal appendage/transition fiber protein CEP164 as a central regulator of primary ciliogenesis; however, its role in multiciliogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we have generated a novel conditional mouse model that lacks CEP164 in multiciliated tissues and the testis. These mice show a profound loss of airway, ependymal, and oviduct multicilia and develop hydrocephalus and male infertility. Using primary cultures of tracheal multiciliated cells as a model system, we found that CEP164 is critical for multiciliogenesis, at least in part, via its regulation of small vesicle recruitment, ciliary vesicle formation, and basal body docking. In addition, CEP164 is necessary for the proper recruitment of another distal appendage/transition fiber protein Chibby1 (Cby1) and its binding partners FAM92A and FAM92B to the ciliary base in multiciliated cells. In contrast to primary ciliogenesis, CEP164 is dispensable for the recruitment of intraflagellar transport (IFT) components to multicilia. Finally, we provide evidence that CEP164 differentially controls the ciliary targeting of membrane-associated proteins, including the small GTPases Rab8, Rab11, and Arl13b, in multiciliated cells. Altogether, our studies unravel unique requirements for CEP164 in primary versus multiciliogenesis and suggest that CEP164 modulates the selective transport of membrane vesicles and their cargoes into the ciliary compartment in multiciliated cells. Furthermore, our mouse model provides a useful tool to gain physiological insight into diseases associated with defective multicilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul S. Siller
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Shuai Li
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - June Yang
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Yong Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Holtzman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Wipawee Winuthayanon
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Holly Colognato
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Bernadette C. Holdener
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Feng-Qian Li
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Ken-Ichi Takemaru
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
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193
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Seo S, Datta P. Photoreceptor outer segment as a sink for membrane proteins: hypothesis and implications in retinal ciliopathies. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:R75-R82. [PMID: 28453661 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoreceptor outer segment (OS) is a unique modification of the primary cilium, specialized for light perception. Being homologous organelles, the primary cilium and the OS share common building blocks and molecular machinery to construct and maintain them. The OS, however, has several unique structural features that are not seen in primary cilia. Although these unique features of the OS have been well documented, their implications in protein localization have been under-appreciated. In this review, we compare the structural properties of the primary cilium and the OS, and propose a hypothesis that the OS can act as a sink for membrane proteins. We further discuss the implications of this hypothesis in polarized protein localization in photoreceptors and mechanisms of photoreceptor degeneration in retinal ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjin Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Wynn Institute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Poppy Datta
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Wynn Institute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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194
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Agbu SO, Liang Y, Liu A, Anderson KV. The small GTPase RSG1 controls a final step in primary cilia initiation. J Cell Biol 2017; 217:413-427. [PMID: 29038301 PMCID: PMC5748968 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201604048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are essential for normal development and tissue homeostasis, but the mechanisms that remodel the centriole to promote cilia initiation are not well understood. Agbu et al. report that mouse RSG1, a small GTPase, regulates a late step in cilia initiation, downstream of TTBK2 and the CPLANE protein INTU. Primary cilia, which are essential for normal development and tissue homeostasis, are extensions of the mother centriole, but the mechanisms that remodel the centriole to promote cilia initiation are poorly understood. Here we show that mouse embryos that lack the small guanosine triphosphatase RSG1 die at embryonic day 12.5, with developmental abnormalities characteristic of decreased cilia-dependent Hedgehog signaling. Rsg1 mutant embryos have fewer primary cilia than wild-type embryos, but the cilia that form are of normal length and traffic Hedgehog pathway proteins within the cilium correctly. Rsg1 mother centrioles recruit proteins required for cilia initiation and dock onto ciliary vesicles, but axonemal microtubules fail to elongate normally. RSG1 localizes to the mother centriole in a process that depends on tau tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2), the CPLANE complex protein Inturned (INTU), and its own GTPase activity. The data suggest a specific role for RSG1 in the final maturation of the mother centriole and ciliary vesicle that allows extension of the ciliary axoneme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie O Agbu
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Yinwen Liang
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Aimin Liu
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Kathryn V Anderson
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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195
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Youn YH, Han YG. Primary Cilia in Brain Development and Diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:11-22. [PMID: 29030052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The primary cilium, a sensory appendage that is present in most mammalian cells, plays critical roles in signaling pathways and cell cycle progression. Mutations that affect the structure or function of primary cilia result in ciliopathies, a group of developmental and degenerative diseases that affect almost all organs and tissues. Our understanding of the constituents, development, and function of primary cilia has advanced considerably in recent years, revealing pathogenic mechanisms that potentially underlie ciliopathies. In the brain, the primary cilia are crucial for early patterning, neurogenesis, neuronal maturation and survival, and tumorigenesis, mostly through regulating cell cycle progression, Hedgehog signaling, and WNT signaling. We review these advances in our knowledge of primary cilia, focusing on brain development, and discuss the mechanisms that may underlie brain abnormalities in ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ha Youn
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Neurobiology and Brain Tumor Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Young-Goo Han
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Neurobiology and Brain Tumor Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.
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196
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Pitaval A, Senger F, Letort G, Gidrol X, Guyon L, Sillibourne J, Théry M. Microtubule stabilization drives 3D centrosome migration to initiate primary ciliogenesis. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:3713-3728. [PMID: 28993469 PMCID: PMC5674878 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201610039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The classical view of centrosome decentering and migration to the cell periphery during ciliogenesis is that it is pulled toward its final destination. Here, Pitaval et al. argue that microtubule stabilization in the early stages of ciliogenesis generates pushing forces that propel the centrosome toward the apical pole. Primary cilia are sensory organelles located at the cell surface. Their assembly is primed by centrosome migration to the apical surface, yet surprisingly little is known about this initiating step. To gain insight into the mechanisms driving centrosome migration, we exploited the reproducibility of cell architecture on adhesive micropatterns to investigate the cytoskeletal remodeling supporting it. Microtubule network densification and bundling, with the transient formation of an array of cold-stable microtubules, and actin cytoskeleton asymmetrical contraction participate in concert to drive apical centrosome migration. The distal appendage protein Cep164 appears to be a key actor involved in the cytoskeleton remodeling and centrosome migration, whereas intraflagellar transport 88’s role seems to be restricted to axoneme elongation. Together, our data elucidate the hitherto unexplored mechanism of centrosome migration and show that it is driven by the increase and clustering of mechanical forces to push the centrosome toward the cell apical pole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Pitaval
- UMR_S 1038, Biomics Lab, University Grenoble-Alpes, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.,UMR 5168, CytoMorpho Lab, University Grenoble-Alpes, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrice Senger
- UMR 5168, CytoMorpho Lab, University Grenoble-Alpes, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Gaëlle Letort
- UMR 5168, CytoMorpho Lab, University Grenoble-Alpes, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Xavier Gidrol
- UMR_S 1038, Biomics Lab, University Grenoble-Alpes, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Guyon
- UMR_S 1036, Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, University Grenoble-Alpes, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - James Sillibourne
- UMR 5168, CytoMorpho Lab, University Grenoble-Alpes, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, Grenoble, France .,UMRS 1160, CytoMorpho Lab, University Paris Diderot, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche, Hôpital Saint Louis, Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, Paris, France
| | - Manuel Théry
- UMR 5168, CytoMorpho Lab, University Grenoble-Alpes, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, Grenoble, France .,UMRS 1160, CytoMorpho Lab, University Paris Diderot, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche, Hôpital Saint Louis, Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, Paris, France
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197
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Identification of Chlamydomonas Central Core Centriolar Proteins Reveals a Role for Human WDR90 in Ciliogenesis. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2486-2498.e6. [PMID: 28781053 PMCID: PMC6399476 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Centrioles are evolutionarily conserved macromolecular structures that are fundamental to form cilia, flagella, and centrosomes. Centrioles are 9-fold symmetrical microtubule-based cylindrical barrels comprising three regions that can be clearly distinguished in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii organelle: an ∼100-nm-long proximal region harboring a cartwheel; an ∼250-nm-long central core region containing a Y-shaped linker; and an ∼150-nm-long distal region ending at the transitional plate. Despite the discovery of many centriolar components, no protein has been localized specifically to the central core region in Chlamydomonas thus far. Here, combining relative quantitative mass spectrometry and super-resolution microscopy on purified Chlamydomonas centrioles, we identified POB15 and POC16 as two proteins of the central core region, the distribution of which correlates with that of tubulin glutamylation. We demonstrated that POB15 is an inner barrel protein within this region. Moreover, we developed an assay to uncover temporal relationships between centriolar proteins during organelle assembly and thus established that POB15 is recruited after the cartwheel protein CrSAS-6 and before tubulin glutamylation takes place. Furthermore, we discovered that two poc16 mutants exhibit flagellar defects, indicating that POC16 is important for flagellum biogenesis. In addition, we discovered that WDR90, the human homolog of POC16, localizes to a region of human centrioles that we propose is analogous to the central core of Chlamydomonas centrioles. Moreover, we demonstrate that WDR90 is required for ciliogenesis, echoing the findings in Chlamydomonas. Overall, our work provides novel insights into the identity and function of centriolar central core components. Mapping of centriolar sub-regions using structured illumination microscopy Relative quantitative mass spectrometry reveals novel centriolar components Identification of Chlamydomonas central core proteins POB15 and POC16 POC16 and its human homolog WDR90 promote flagella/cilia formation
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198
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Dieckmann NMG, Frazer GL, Asano Y, Stinchcombe JC, Griffiths GM. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte immune synapse at a glance. J Cell Sci 2017; 129:2881-6. [PMID: 27505426 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.186205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune synapse provides an important structure for communication with immune cells. Studies on immune synapses formed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) highlight the dynamic changes and specialised mechanisms required to facilitate focal signalling and polarised secretion in immune cells. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we illustrate the different steps that reveal the specialised mechanisms used to focus secretion at the CTL immune synapse and allow CTLs to be such efficient and precise serial killers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele M G Dieckmann
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gordon L Frazer
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Yukako Asano
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jane C Stinchcombe
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gillian M Griffiths
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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199
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Li W, Yi P, Zhu Z, Zhang X, Li W, Ou G. Centriole translocation and degeneration during ciliogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans neurons. EMBO J 2017; 36:2553-2566. [PMID: 28743734 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201796883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cilia that are formed at the dendritic endings of sensory neurons are essential for sensory perception. However, it remains unclear how the centriole-derived basal body is positioned to form a template for cilium formation. Using fluorescence time-lapse microscopy, we show that the centriole translocates from the cell body to the dendrite tip in the Caenorhabditis elegans sensory neurons. The centriolar protein SAS-5 interacts with the dynein light-chain LC8 and conditional mutations of cytoplasmic dynein-1 block centriole translocation and ciliogenesis. The components of the central tube are essential for the biogenesis of centrioles, which later drive ciliogenesis in the dendrite; however, the centriole loses these components at the late stage of centriole translocation and subsequently recruits transition zone and intraflagellar transport proteins. Together, our results provide a comprehensive model of ciliogenesis in sensory neurons and reveal the importance of the dynein-dependent centriole translocation in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peishan Yi
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianliang Zhang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangshuo Ou
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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200
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Abstract
Motile and non-motile (primary) cilia are nearly ubiquitous cellular organelles. The dysfunction of cilia causes diseases known as ciliopathies. The number of reported ciliopathies (currently 35) is increasing, as is the number of established (187) and candidate (241) ciliopathy-associated genes. The characterization of ciliopathy-associated proteins and phenotypes has improved our knowledge of ciliary functions. In particular, investigating ciliopathies has helped us to understand the molecular mechanisms by which the cilium-associated basal body functions in early ciliogenesis, as well as how the transition zone functions in ciliary gating, and how intraflagellar transport enables cargo trafficking and signalling. Both basic biological and clinical studies are uncovering novel ciliopathies and the ciliary proteins involved. The assignment of these proteins to different ciliary structures, processes and ciliopathy subclasses (first order and second order) provides insights into how this versatile organelle is built, compartmentalized and functions in diverse ways that are essential for human health.
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