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Computational Approach for Structural Feature Determination of Grapevine NHX Antiporters. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1031839. [PMID: 30729118 PMCID: PMC6343165 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1031839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plant NHX antiporters are responsible for monovalent cation/H+ exchange across cellular membranes and play therefore a critical role for cellular pH regulation, Na+ and K+ homeostasis, and salt tolerance. Six members of grapevine NHX family (VvNHX1-6) have been structurally characterized. Phylogenetic analysis revealed their organization in two groups: VvNHX1-5 belonging to group I (vacuolar) and VvNHX6 belonging to group II (endosomal). Conserved domain analysis of these VvNHXs indicates the presence of different kinds of domains. Out of these, two domains function as monovalent cation-proton antiporters and one as the aspartate-alanine exchange; the remaining are not yet with defined function. Overall, VvNHXs proteins are typically made of 11-13 putative transmembrane regions at their N-terminus which contain the consensus amiloride-binding domain in the 3rd TM domain and a cation-binding site in between the 5th and 6th TM domain, followed by a hydrophilic C-terminus that is the target of several and diverse regulatory posttranslational modifications. Using a combination of primary structure analysis, secondary structure alignments, and the tertiary structural models, the VvNHXs revealed mainly 18 α helices although without β sheets. Homology modeling of the 3D structure showed that VvNHX antiporters are similar to the bacterial sodium proton antiporters MjNhaP1 (Methanocaldococcus jannaschii) and PaNhaP (Pyrococcus abyssi).
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152
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Ragel P, Raddatz N, Leidi EO, Quintero FJ, Pardo JM. Regulation of K + Nutrition in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019. [PMID: 30949187 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Modern agriculture relies on mineral fertilization. Unlike other major macronutrients, potassium (K+) is not incorporated into organic matter but remains as soluble ion in the cell sap contributing up to 10% of the dry organic matter. Consequently, K+ constitutes a chief osmoticum to drive cellular expansion and organ movements, such as stomata aperture. Moreover, K+ transport is critical for the control of cytoplasmic and luminal pH in endosomes, regulation of membrane potential, and enzyme activity. Not surprisingly, plants have evolved a large ensemble of K+ transporters with defined functions in nutrient uptake by roots, storage in vacuoles, and ion translocation between tissues and organs. This review describes critical transport proteins governing K+ nutrition, their regulation, and coordinated activity, and summarizes our current understanding of signaling pathways activated by K+ starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ragel
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalia Raddatz
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Eduardo O Leidi
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J Quintero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José M Pardo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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153
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Dragwidge JM, Scholl S, Schumacher K, Gendall AR. NHX-type Na+(K+)/H+ antiporters are required for TGN/EE trafficking and endosomal ion homeostasis in Arabidopsis. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.226472. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.226472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of ion and pH homeostasis of endomembrane organelles is critical for functional protein trafficking, sorting and modification in eukaryotic cells. pH homeostasis is maintained through the activity of vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) pumping protons (H+) into the endomembrane lumen, and counter-action by cation/proton exchangers such as the NHX family of Na+(K+)/H+ exchangers. In plants, V-ATPase activity at the trans-Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE) is important for secretory and endocytic trafficking, however the role of the endosomal antiporters NHX5 and NHX6 in endomembrane trafficking is unclear. Here we show through genetic, pharmacological, and live-cell imaging approaches that double knockout of NHX5 and NHX6 results in the impairment of endosome motility, protein recycling at the TGN/EE, but not in the secretion of integral membrane proteins. Furthermore, we report that nhx5 nhx6 mutants are partially insensitive to osmotic swelling of TGN/EE induced by the monovalent cation ionophore monensin, and to late endosomal swelling by the phosphatidylinositol 3/4-kinase inhibitor wortmannin, demonstrating that NHX5 and NHX6 function to regulate the luminal cation composition of endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Michael Dragwidge
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholl
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony Richard Gendall
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
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154
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Flowers TJ, Glenn EP, Volkov V. Could vesicular transport of Na+ and Cl- be a feature of salt tolerance in halophytes? ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 123:1-18. [PMID: 30247507 PMCID: PMC6344095 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Halophytes tolerate external salt concentrations of 200 mm and more, accumulating salt concentrations of 500 mm and more in their shoots; some, recretohalophytes, excrete salt through glands on their leaves. Ions are accumulated in central vacuoles, but the pathway taken by these ions from the outside of the roots to the vacuoles inside the cells is poorly understood. Do the ions cross membranes through ion channels and transporters or move in vesicles, or both? Vesicular transport from the plasma membrane to the vacuole would explain how halophytes avoid the toxicity of high salt concentrations on metabolism. There is also a role for vesicles in the export of ions via salt glands. Scope and Methods We have collected data on the fluxes of sodium and chloride ions in halophytes, based on the weight of the transporting organs and on the membrane area across which the flux occurs; the latter range from 17 nmol m-2 s-1 to 4.2 μmol m-2 s-1 and values up to 1 μmol m-2 s-1 need to be consistent with whatever transport system is in operation. We have summarized the sizes and rates of turnover of vesicles in plants, where clathrin-independent vesicles are 100 nm or more in diameter and can merge with the plasma membrane at rates of 100 s-1. We gathered evidence for vesicular transport of ions in halophytes and evaluated whether vesicular transport could account for the observable fluxes. Conclusions There is strong evidence in favour of vesicular transport in plants and circumstantial evidence in favour of the movement of ions in vesicles. Estimated rates of vesicle turnover could account for ion transport at the lower reported fluxes (around 20 nmol m-2 s-1), but the higher fluxes may require vesicles of the order of 1 μm or more in diameter. The very high fluxes reported in some salt glands might be an artefact of the way they were measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Flowers
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Edward P Glenn
- Environmental Research Laboratory of the University of Arizona, 1601 East, Airport Drive, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Vadim Volkov
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Computing, London Metropolitan University, London N7, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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155
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Zhu X, Pan T, Zhang X, Fan L, Quintero FJ, Zhao H, Su X, Li X, Villalta I, Mendoza I, Shen J, Jiang L, Pardo JM, Qiu QS. K + Efflux Antiporters 4, 5, and 6 Mediate pH and K + Homeostasis in Endomembrane Compartments. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:1657-1678. [PMID: 30309966 PMCID: PMC6288736 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
KEA4, KEA5, and KEA6 are members of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) K+ efflux antiporter (KEA) family that share high sequence similarity but whose function remains unknown. Here, we show their gene expression pattern, subcellular localization, and physiological function in Arabidopsis. KEA4, KEA5, and KEA6 had similar tissue expression patterns, and the three KEA proteins localized to the Golgi, the trans-Golgi network, and the prevacuolar compartment/multivesicular bodies, suggesting overlapping roles of these proteins in the endomembrane system. Phenotypic analyses of single, double, and triple mutants confirmed functional redundancy. The triple mutant kea4 kea5 kea6 had small rosettes, short seedlings, and was sensitive to low K+ availability and to the sodicity imposed by high salinity. Also, the kea4 kea5 kea6 mutant plants had a reduced luminal pH in the Golgi, trans-Golgi network, prevacuolar compartment, and vacuole, in accordance with the K/H exchange activity of KEA proteins. Genetic analysis indicated that KEA4, KEA5, and KEA6 as well as endosomal Na+/H+exchanger5 (NHX5) and NHX6 acted coordinately to facilitate endosomal pH homeostasis and salt tolerance. Neither cancelling nor overexpressing the vacuolar antiporters NHX1 and NHX2 in the kea4 kea5 kea6 mutant background altered the salt-sensitive phenotype. The NHX1 and NHX2 proteins in the kea4 kea5 kea6 mutant background could not suppress the acidity of the endomembrane system but brought the vacuolar pH close to wild-type values. Together, these data signify that KEA4, KEA5, and KEA6 are endosomal K+ transporters functioning in maintaining pH and ion homeostasis in the endomembrane network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
| | - Ting Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
| | - Xiao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
| | - Ligang Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
| | - Francisco J Quintero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Hong Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
| | - Xiaomeng Su
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
| | - Xiaojiao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
| | - Irene Villalta
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Imelda Mendoza
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Jinbo Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jose M Pardo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
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156
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Wei D, Liu M, Chen H, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Yang S, Zhou M, Lin J. INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1 is a male fertility regulator impacting anther dehydration in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007695. [PMID: 30286083 PMCID: PMC6191155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1 (ICE1) encodes a MYC-like basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor playing a critical role in plant responses to chilling and freezing stresses and leaf stomata development. However, no information connecting ICE1 and reproductive development has been reported. In this study, we show that ICE1 controls plant male fertility via impacting anther dehydration. The loss-of-function mutation in ICE1 gene in Arabidopsis caused anther indehiscence and decreased pollen viability as well as germination rate. Further analysis revealed that the anthers in the mutant of ICE1 (ice1-2) had the structure of stomium, though the epidermis did not shrink to dehisce. The anther indehiscence and influenced pollen viability as well as germination in ice1-2 were due to abnormal anther dehydration, for most of anthers dehisced with drought treatment and pollen grains from those dehydrated anthers had similar viability and germination rates compared with wild type. Accordingly, the sterility of ice1-2 could be rescued by ambient dehydration treatments. Likewise, the stomatal differentiation of ice1-2 anther epidermis was disrupted in a different manner compared with that in leaves. ICE1 specifically bound to MYC-recognition elements in the promoter of FAMA, a key regulator of guard cell differentiation, to activate FAMA expression. Transcriptome profiling in the anther tissues further exhibited ICE1-modulated genes associated with water transport and ion exchange in the anther. Together, this work reveals the key role of ICE1 in male fertility control and establishes a regulatory network mediated by ICE1 for stomata development and water movement in the anther.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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157
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Yang Y, Guo Y. Unraveling salt stress signaling in plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:796-804. [PMID: 29905393 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a major environmental factor limiting plant growth and productivity. A better understanding of the mechanisms mediating salt resistance will help researchers design ways to improve crop performance under adverse environmental conditions. Salt stress can lead to ionic stress, osmotic stress and secondary stresses, particularly oxidative stress, in plants. Therefore, to adapt to salt stress, plants rely on signals and pathways that re-establish cellular ionic, osmotic, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Over the past two decades, genetic and biochemical analyses have revealed several core stress signaling pathways that participate in salt resistance. The Salt Overly Sensitive signaling pathway plays a key role in maintaining ionic homeostasis, via extruding sodium ions into the apoplast. Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades mediate ionic, osmotic, and ROS homeostasis. SnRK2 (sucrose nonfermenting 1-related protein kinase 2) proteins are involved in maintaining osmotic homeostasis. In this review, we discuss recent progress in identifying the components and pathways involved in the plant's response to salt stress and their regulatory mechanisms. We also review progress in identifying sensors involved in salt-induced stress signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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158
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Wang J, Li B, Yao L, Meng Y, Ma X, Lai Y, Si E, Ren P, Yang K, Shang X, Wang H. Comparative transcriptome analysis of genes involved in Na + transport in the leaves of halophyte Halogeton glomeratus. Gene 2018; 678:407-416. [PMID: 30096457 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Compartmentalization of Na+ into vacuoles is considered to be the most critical aspect of salt tolerance in H. glomeratus, an annual, succulent halophyte. Previous analysis of transcriptome involved in the H. glomeratus salt stress response relied on next-generation sequencing technologies that limit the capture of accurately spliced, full-length isoforms. To gain deeper insights into its salt stress response, we used the H. glomeratus Iso-Seq transcriptome database as a reference, and subsequent next-generation sequencing was subjected to various NaCl concentrations of leaves from plants revealed 115 upregulated and 87 downregulated differentially expressed isoforms (core DEIs). The majority of the core DEIs were involved in carbohydrate metabolism and energy production and conversion. In contrast, levels of known isoforms encoding Na+ transporters did not change significantly under salt stress. However, 16 core DEIs of unknown function were predicted to possess transmembrane domains, suggesting that these candidate isoforms could be involved in Na+ transport in H. glomeratus. These results suggest a potential means for identification of novel Na+ transporters, in addition to providing a foundation for further investigation of Na+ transport networks in halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China; College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baochun Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China; College of Life Sciences and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lirong Yao
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China; College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaxiong Meng
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China; College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaole Ma
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China; College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Lai
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Erjing Si
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China; College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Panrong Ren
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China; College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China; College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xunwu Shang
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huajun Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China; College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
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159
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Song SJ, Feng QN, Li CL, Li E, Liu Q, Kang H, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Li S. A Tonoplast-Associated Calcium-Signaling Module Dampens ABA Signaling during Stomatal Movement. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:1666-1678. [PMID: 29898977 PMCID: PMC6084651 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal movement, critical for photobiosynthesis, respiration, and stress responses, is regulated by many factors, among which abscisic acid (ABA) is critical. Early events of ABA signaling involve Ca2+ influx and an increase of cytoplasmic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt). Positive regulators of this process have been extensively studied, whereas negative regulators are obscure. ABA-induced stomatal closure involves K+ flux and vacuolar convolution. How these processes are connected with Ca2+ is not fully understood. We report that pat10-1, a null mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PROTEIN S-ACYL TRANSFERASE10 (PAT10), is hypersensitive to ABA-induced stomatal closure and vacuolar convolution. A similar phenotype was observed in cbl2;cbl3, the double mutant of CBL2 and CBL3, whose tonoplast association depends on PAT10. Functional loss of the PAT10-CBL2/CBL3 system resulted in enhanced Ca2+ influx and [Ca2+]cyt elevation. Promoting vacuolar K+ accumulation by overexpressing NHX2 suppressed ABA-hypersensitive stomatal closure and vacuolar convolution of the mutants, suggesting that PAT10-CBL2/CBL3 positively mediates vacuolar K+ accumulation. We have identified CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) that mediate CBL2/CBL3 signaling during ABA-induced stomatal movement. Functional loss of the PAT10-CBL2/3-CIPK9/17 system in guard cells enhanced drought tolerance. We propose that the tonoplast CBL-CIPK complexes form a signaling module that negatively regulates ABA signaling during stomatal movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Qiang-Nan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Chun-Long Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - En Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Hui Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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160
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Sze H, Chanroj S. Plant Endomembrane Dynamics: Studies of K +/H + Antiporters Provide Insights on the Effects of pH and Ion Homeostasis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:875-895. [PMID: 29691301 PMCID: PMC6053008 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants remodel their cells through the dynamic endomembrane system. Intracellular pH is important for membrane trafficking, but the determinants of pH homeostasis are poorly defined in plants. Electrogenic proton (H+) pumps depend on counter-ion fluxes to establish transmembrane pH gradients at the plasma membrane and endomembranes. Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase-mediated acidification of the trans-Golgi network is crucial for secretion and membrane recycling. Pump and counter-ion fluxes are unlikely to fine-tune pH; rather, alkali cation/H+ antiporters, which can alter pH and/or cation homeostasis locally and transiently, are prime candidates. Plants have a large family of predicted cation/H+ exchangers (CHX) of obscure function, in addition to the well-studied K+(Na+)/H+ exchangers (NHX). Here, we review the regulation of cytosolic and vacuolar pH, highlighting the similarities and distinctions of NHX and CHX members. In planta, alkalinization of the trans-Golgi network or vacuole by NHXs promotes membrane trafficking, endocytosis, cell expansion, and growth. CHXs localize to endomembranes and/or the plasma membrane and contribute to male fertility, pollen tube guidance, pollen wall construction, stomatal opening, and, in soybean (Glycine max), tolerance to salt stress. Three-dimensional structural models and mutagenesis of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genes have allowed us to infer that AtCHX17 and AtNHX1 share a global architecture and a translocation core like bacterial Na+/H+ antiporters. Yet, the presence of distinct residues suggests that some CHXs differ from NHXs in pH sensing and electrogenicity. How H+ pumps, counter-ion fluxes, and cation/H+ antiporters are linked with signaling and membrane trafficking to remodel membranes and cell walls awaits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heven Sze
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics and Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Salil Chanroj
- Department of Biotechnology, Burapha University, Chon-Buri 20131, Thailand
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161
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Meng K, Wu Y. Footprints of divergent evolution in two Na+/H+ type antiporter gene families (NHX and SOS1) in the genus Populus. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:813-824. [PMID: 29394412 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Populus, a deciduous tree species of major economic and ecological value, grows across the range in which trees are distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Patterns of DNA variation are often used to identify the evolutionary forces shaping the genotypes of distinctive species lineages. Sodium/hydrogen (Na+/H+) antiporter genes have been shown to play a central role in plant salt tolerance. Here, we analyzed DNA nucleotide polymorphisms in the Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX and SOS1) gene families across 30 different Populus species using several methods of phylogenetic analysis and functional verification. NHX and SOS1 gene families in the genus Populus have expanded from the state in their common ancestors by duplication events, and their distinct lineages have been retained. Signals of positive selection at certain amino acid sites in different members of the Na/H antiporter gene families show that the dynamics that drive the evolution of each gene vary. SOS1 has undergone duplication in Populus euphratica and been subjected to adaptive evolution in section Turanga; the paralog of PeSOS1 (PeSOS1.2) can complement the Escherichia coli mutant EP432; and the expression pattern of PeSOS1.2 is different from that of PeSOS1, a fact which may have been beneficial for P. euphratica, conferring a fitness advantage in saline habitats. The divergent evolution of the individual members of the NHX and SOS1 gene families is likely to have been influenced by the varied ecological and environmental niches occupied by the different poplar species, giving rise to evolutionary footprints that reflect the specific functions and subcellular localizations of the proteins encoded by these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuibin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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162
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Kim S, Mochizuki N, Deguchi A, Nagano AJ, Suzuki T, Nagatani A. Auxin Contributes to the Intraorgan Regulation of Gene Expression in Response to Shade. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:847-862. [PMID: 29728454 PMCID: PMC6001317 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants sense and respond to light via multiple photoreceptors including phytochrome. The decreased ratio of red to far-red light that occurs under a canopy triggers shade-avoidance responses, which allow plants to compete with neighboring plants. The leaf acts as a photoperceptive organ in this response. In this study, we investigated how the shade stimulus is spatially processed within the cotyledon. We performed transcriptome analysis on microtissue samples collected from vascular and nonvascular regions of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cotyledons. In addition, we mechanically isolated and analyzed the vascular tissue. More genes were up-regulated by the shade stimulus in vascular tissues than in mesophyll and epidermal tissues. The genes up-regulated in the vasculature were functionally divergent and included many auxin-responsive genes, suggesting that various physiological/developmental processes might be controlled by shade stimulus in the vasculature. We then investigated the spatial regulation of these genes in the vascular tissues. A small vascular region within a cotyledon was irradiated with far-red light, and the response was compared with that when the whole seedling was irradiated with far-red light. Most of the auxin-responsive genes were not fully induced by the local irradiation, suggesting that perception of the shade stimulus requires that a wider area be exposed to far-red light or that a certain position in the mesophyll and epidermis of the cotyledon be irradiated. This result was consistent with a previous report that auxin synthesis genes are up-regulated in the periphery of the cotyledon. Hence, auxin acts as an important intraorgan signaling factor that controls the vascular shade response within the cotyledon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujung Kim
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | - Ayumi Deguchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu 520-2194, Japan
| | - Atsushi J Nagano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu 520-2194, Japan
| | - Tomomi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akira Nagatani
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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164
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Hima Kumari P, Anil Kumar S, Ramesh K, Sudhakar Reddy P, Nagaraju M, Bhanu Prakash A, Shah T, Henderson A, Srivastava RK, Rajasheker G, Chitikineni A, Varshney RK, Rathnagiri P, Lakshmi Narasu M, Kavi Kishor PB. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Arabidopsis Sodium Proton Antiporter (NHX) and Human Sodium Proton Exchanger (NHE) Homologs in Sorghum bicolor. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9050236. [PMID: 29751546 PMCID: PMC5977176 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Na⁺ transporters play an important role during salt stress and development. The present study is aimed at genome-wide identification, in silico analysis of sodium-proton antiporter (NHX) and sodium-proton exchanger (NHE)-type transporters in Sorghum bicolor and their expression patterns under varied abiotic stress conditions. In Sorghum, seven NHX and nine NHE homologs were identified. Amiloride (a known inhibitor of Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger activity) binding motif was noticed in both types of the transporters. Chromosome 2 was found to be a hotspot region with five sodium transporters. Phylogenetic analysis inferred six ortholog and three paralog groups. To gain an insight into functional divergence of SbNHX/NHE transporters, real-time gene expression was performed under salt, drought, heat, and cold stresses in embryo, root, stem, and leaf tissues. Expression patterns revealed that both SbNHXs and SbNHEs are responsive either to single or multiple abiotic stresses. The predicted protein⁻protein interaction networks revealed that only SbNHX7 is involved in the calcineurin B-like proteins (CBL)- CBL interacting protein kinases (CIPK) pathway. The study provides insights into the functional divergence of SbNHX/NHE transporter genes with tissue specific expressions in Sorghum under different abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hima Kumari
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
- Centre for Biotechnology, Institute of Science & Technology, JNT University, Hyderabad 500 085, India.
| | - S Anil Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
- Centre for Biotechnology, Institute of Science & Technology, JNT University, Hyderabad 500 085, India.
| | - Katam Ramesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA.
| | - Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, India.
| | - M Nagaraju
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | - A Bhanu Prakash
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, India.
| | - Trushar Shah
- IITA-Kenya c/o International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Ashley Henderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA.
- Ottawa University, Ottawa, KS 66067, USA.
| | - Rakesh K Srivastava
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, India.
| | - G Rajasheker
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | - A Chitikineni
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, India.
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, India.
| | - P Rathnagiri
- Genomix CARL Pvt. Ltd. Rayalapuram Road, Pulivendula, 516 390, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - M Lakshmi Narasu
- Centre for Biotechnology, Institute of Science & Technology, JNT University, Hyderabad 500 085, India.
| | - P B Kavi Kishor
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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165
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De Luca A, Pardo JM, Leidi EO. Pleiotropic effects of enhancing vacuolar K/H exchange in tomato. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 163:88-102. [PMID: 29076168 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cation antiporters of the NHX family are widely regarded as determinants of salt tolerance due to their capacity to drive sodium (Na) and sequester it into vacuoles. Recent work shows, however, that NHX transporters are primarily involved in vacuolar potassium (K) storage. Over-expression of the K/H antiporter AtNHX1 in tomato increases K accumulation into vacuoles and plant sensitivity to K deprivation. Here we show that the appearance of early leaf symptoms of K deficiency was associated with higher concentration of polyamines. Transgenic roots exhibited a greater sensitivity than shoots to K deprivation with changes in the composition of the free amino acids pool, total sugars and organic acids. Concentrations of amides (glutamine), amino acids (arginine) and sugars significantly increased in root, together with a reduction in malate and succinate concentrations. The concentration of pyruvate and the activity of pyruvate kinase were greater in the transgenic roots before K withdrawal although both parameters were depressed by K deprivation and approached wild-type levels. In the longer term, the over-expression of the NHX1 antiporter affected root growth and biomass partitioning (shoot/root ratio). Greater ethylene release produced longer stem internodes and leaf curling in the transgenic line. Our data show that enhanced sequestration of K by the NHX antiporter in the vacuoles altered cellular K homeostasis and had deeper physiological consequences than expected. Early metabolic changes lead later on to profound morphological and physiological adjustments resulting eventually in the loss of nutrient use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna De Luca
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, IRNAS-CSIC, Reina Mercedes 10, Seville, 41012, Spain
| | - José M Pardo
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, IBVF-CSIC, Americo Vespucio 49, Seville, 41092, Spain
| | - Eduardo O Leidi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, IRNAS-CSIC, Reina Mercedes 10, Seville, 41012, Spain
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166
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Huang Y, Cui X, Cen H, Wang K, Zhang Y. Transcriptomic analysis reveals vacuolar Na + (K +)/H + antiporter gene contributing to growth, development, and defense in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:57. [PMID: 29631566 PMCID: PMC5892015 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular Na+ (K+)/H+ antiporters (NHXs) have pivotal functions in regulating plant growth, development, and resistance to a range of stresses. To gain insight into the molecular events underlying their actions in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), we analyzed transcriptomic changes between PvNHX1-overexpression transgenic lines and wild-type (WT) plants using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. RESULTS The comparison of transcriptomic data from the WT and transgenic plants revealed a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the latter. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses showed that these DEGs were associated with a wide range of functions, and participated in many biological processes. For example, we found that PvNHX1 had an important role in plant growth through its regulation of photosynthetic activity and cell expansion. In addition, PvNHX1 regulated K+ homeostasis, cell expansion and pollen development, indicating that it has unique and specific roles in flower development. We also found that transgenic switchgrass exhibited a higher level of transcription of defense-related genes, especially those involved in disease resistance. CONCLUSION We showed that PvNHX1 had an important role in plant growth and development through its regulation of photosynthetic activity, cell expansion, K+ homeostasis, and pollen development. Additionally, PvNHX1 overexpression activated a complex signal transduction network in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. In relation to plant growth, development, and defense responses, PvNHX1 also had a vital regulatory role in the formation of a series of plant hormones and transcription factors (TFs). The reliability of the RNA-seq data was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Our data provide a valuable foundation for further research into the molecular mechanisms and physiological roles of NHXs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Huang
- College of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huifang Cen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kehua Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- National Energy R&D Center for Biomass (NECB), Beijing Sure Academy of Biosciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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167
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Potassium: A Vital Regulator of Plant Responses and Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy8030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Among the plant nutrients, potassium (K) is one of the vital elements required for plant growth and physiology. Potassium is not only a constituent of the plant structure but it also has a regulatory function in several biochemical processes related to protein synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and enzyme activation. Several physiological processes depend on K, such as stomatal regulation and photosynthesis. In recent decades, K was found to provide abiotic stress tolerance. Under salt stress, K helps to maintain ion homeostasis and to regulate the osmotic balance. Under drought stress conditions, K regulates stomatal opening and helps plants adapt to water deficits. Many reports support the notion that K enhances antioxidant defense in plants and therefore protects them from oxidative stress under various environmental adversities. In addition, this element provides some cellular signaling alone or in association with other signaling molecules and phytohormones. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding K-induced abiotic stress tolerance in plants, the exact molecular mechanisms of these protections are still under investigation. In this review, we summarized the recent literature on the biological functions of K, its uptake, its translocation, and its role in plant abiotic stress tolerance.
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168
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Sade N, Del Mar Rubio Wilhelmi M, Ke X, Brotman Y, Wright M, Khan I, De Souza W, Bassil E, Tobias CM, Thilmony R, Vogel JP, Blumwald E. Salt tolerance of two perennial grass Brachypodium sylvaticum accessions. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:305-314. [PMID: 29322303 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We studied the salt stress tolerance of two accessions isolated from different areas of the world (Norway and Tunisia) and characterized the mechanism(s) regulating salt stress in Brachypodium sylvaticum Osl1 and Ain1. Perennial grasses are widely grown in different parts of the world as an important feedstock for renewable energy. Their perennial nature that reduces management practices and use of energy and agrochemicals give these biomass crops advantages when dealing with modern agriculture challenges such as soil erosion, increase in salinized marginal lands and the runoff of nutrients. Brachypodium sylvaticum is a perennial grass that was recently suggested as a suitable model for the study of biomass plant production and renewable energy. However, its plasticity to abiotic stress is not yet clear. We studied the salt stress tolerance of two accessions isolated from different areas of the world and characterized the mechanism(s) regulating salt stress in B. sylvaticum Osl1, originated from Oslo, Norway and Ain1, originated from Ain-Durham, Tunisia. Osl1 limited sodium transport from root to shoot, maintaining a better K/Na homeostasis and preventing toxicity damage in the shoot. This was accompanied by higher expression of HKT8 and SOS1 transporters in Osl1 as compared to Ain1. In addition, Osl1 salt tolerance was accompanied by higher abundance of the vacuolar proton pump pyrophosphatase and Na+/H+ antiporters (NHXs) leading to a better vacuolar pH homeostasis, efficient compartmentation of Na+ in the root vacuoles and salt tolerance. Although preliminary, our results further support previous results highlighting the role of Na+ transport systems in plant salt tolerance. The identification of salt tolerant and sensitive B. sylvaticum accessions can provide an experimental system for the study of the mechanisms and regulatory networks associated with stress tolerance in perennials grass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Sade
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, 1 Shields Ave, Mail Stop 5, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Xiaojuan Ke
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, 1 Shields Ave, Mail Stop 5, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
| | - Matthew Wright
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, 1 Shields Ave, Mail Stop 5, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, 1 Shields Ave, Mail Stop 5, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Wagner De Souza
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, 1 Shields Ave, Mail Stop 5, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Elias Bassil
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, 1 Shields Ave, Mail Stop 5, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Christian M Tobias
- Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Roger Thilmony
- Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, USA
| | - John P Vogel
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Dr., Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, 1 Shields Ave, Mail Stop 5, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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169
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Martinoia E. Vacuolar Transporters - Companions on a Longtime Journey. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:1384-1407. [PMID: 29295940 PMCID: PMC5813537 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical and electrophysiological studies on plant vacuolar transporters became feasible in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when methods to isolate large quantities of intact vacuoles and purified vacuolar membrane vesicles were established. However, with the exception of the H+-ATPase and H+-PPase, which could be followed due to their hydrolytic activities, attempts to purify tonoplast transporters were for a long time not successful. Heterologous complementation, T-DNA insertion mutants, and later proteomic studies allowed the next steps, starting from the 1990s. Nowadays, our knowledge about vacuolar transporters has increased greatly. Nevertheless, there are several transporters of central importance that have still to be identified at the molecular level or have even not been characterized biochemically. Furthermore, our knowledge about regulation of the vacuolar transporters is very limited, and much work is needed to get a holistic view about the interplay of the vacuolar transportome. The huge amount of information generated during the last 35 years cannot be summarized in such a review. Therefore, I decided to concentrate on some aspects where we were involved during my research on vacuolar transporters, for some our laboratories contributed more, while others contributed less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Martinoia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
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170
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Grossmann G, Krebs M, Maizel A, Stahl Y, Vermeer JEM, Ott T. Green light for quantitative live-cell imaging in plants. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.209270. [PMID: 29361538 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.209270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants exhibit an intriguing morphological and physiological plasticity that enables them to thrive in a wide range of environments. To understand the cell biological basis of this unparalleled competence, a number of methodologies have been adapted or developed over the last decades that allow minimal or non-invasive live-cell imaging in the context of tissues. Combined with the ease to generate transgenic reporter lines in specific genetic backgrounds or accessions, we are witnessing a blooming in plant cell biology. However, the imaging of plant cells entails a number of specific challenges, such as high levels of autofluorescence, light scattering that is caused by cell walls and their sensitivity to environmental conditions. Quantitative live-cell imaging in plants therefore requires adapting or developing imaging techniques, as well as mounting and incubation systems, such as micro-fluidics. Here, we discuss some of these obstacles, and review a number of selected state-of-the-art techniques, such as two-photon imaging, light sheet microscopy and variable angle epifluorescence microscopy that allow high performance and minimal invasive live-cell imaging in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Grossmann
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Excellence Cluster CellNetworks, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Krebs
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexis Maizel
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Stahl
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joop E M Vermeer
- Laboratory for Cell Biology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Ott
- Faculty of Biology, Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Morita Y, Hoshino A. Recent advances in flower color variation and patterning of Japanese morning glory and petunia. BREEDING SCIENCE 2018; 68:128-138. [PMID: 29681755 PMCID: PMC5903981 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.17107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil) and petunia (Petunia hybrida), locally called "Asagao" and "Tsukubane-asagao", respectively, are popular garden plants. They have been utilized as model plants for studying the genetic basis of floricultural traits, especially anthocyanin pigmentation in flower petals. In their long history of genetic studies, many mutations affecting flower pigmentation have been characterized, and both structural and regulatory genes for the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway have been identified. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in the understanding of flower pigmentation in the two species with respect to flower hue and color patterning. Regarding flower hue, we will describe a novel enhancer of flavonoid production that controls the intensity of flower pigmentation, new aspects related to a flavonoid glucosyltransferase that has been known for a long time, and the regulatory mechanisms of vacuolar pH being a key determinant of red and blue coloration. On color patterning, we describe particular flower patterns regulated by epigenetic and RNA-silencing mechanisms. As high-quality whole genome sequences of the Japanese morning glory and petunia wild parents (P. axillaris and P. inflata, respectively) were published in 2016, further study on flower pigmentation will be accelerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Morita
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University,
Kasugai, Aichi 486-0804,
Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
| | - Atsushi Hoshino
- National Institute for Basic Biology,
Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585,
Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies),
Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585,
Japan
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172
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Yang Y, Guo Y. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms mediating plant salt-stress responses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:523-539. [PMID: 29205383 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 638] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 523 I. Introduction 523 II. Sensing salt stress 524 III. Ion homeostasis regulation 524 IV. Metabolite and cell activity responses to salt stress 527 V. Conclusions and perspectives 532 Acknowledgements 533 References 533 SUMMARY: Excess soluble salts in soil (saline soils) are harmful to most plants. Salt imposes osmotic, ionic, and secondary stresses on plants. Over the past two decades, many determinants of salt tolerance and their regulatory mechanisms have been identified and characterized using molecular genetics and genomics approaches. This review describes recent progress in deciphering the mechanisms controlling ion homeostasis, cell activity responses, and epigenetic regulation in plants under salt stress. Finally, we highlight research areas that require further research to reveal new determinants of salt tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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173
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Sun Z, Li H, Zhang Y, Li Z, Ke H, Wu L, Zhang G, Wang X, Ma Z. Identification of SNPs and Candidate Genes Associated With Salt Tolerance at the Seedling Stage in Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1011. [PMID: 30050555 PMCID: PMC6050395 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Salt tolerance in cotton is highly imperative for improvement in the response to decreasing farmland and soil salinization. However, little is known about the genetic basis underlying salt tolerance in cotton, especially the seedling stage. In this study, we evaluated two salt-tolerance-related traits of a natural population comprising 713 upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) accessions worldwide at the seedling stage and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify marker-trait associations under salt stress using the Illumina Infinium CottonSNP63K array. A total of 23 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that represented seven genomic regions on chromosomes A01, A10, D02, D08, D09, D10, and D11 were significantly associated with the two salt-tolerance-related traits, relative survival rate (RSR) and salt tolerance level (STL). Of these, the two SNPs i46598Gh and i47388Gh on D09 were simultaneously associated with the two traits. Based on all loci, we screened 280 possible candidate genes showing different expression levels under salt stress. Most of these genes were involved in transcription factors, transporters and enzymes and were previously reported as being involved in plant salt tolerance, such as NAC, MYB, NXH, WD40, CDPK, LEA, and CIPK. We further validated six putative candidate genes by qRT-PCR and found a differential expression level between salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive varieties. Our findings provide valuable information for enhancing the understanding of complicated mechanisms of salt tolerance in G. hirsutum seedlings and cotton salt tolerance breeding by molecular marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhiying Ma
- *Correspondence: Xingfen Wang, Zhiying Ma,
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Zeng Y, Li Q, Wang H, Zhang J, Du J, Feng H, Blumwald E, Yu L, Xu G. Two NHX-type transporters from Helianthus tuberosus improve the tolerance of rice to salinity and nutrient deficiency stress. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:310-321. [PMID: 28627026 PMCID: PMC5785360 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The NHX-type cation/H+ transporters in plants have been shown to mediate Na+ (K+ )/H+ exchange for salinity tolerance and K+ homoeostasis. In this study, we identified and characterized two NHX homologues, HtNHX1 and HtNHX2 from an infertile and salinity tolerant species Helianthus tuberosus (cv. Nanyu No. 1). HtNHX1 and HtNHX2 share identical 5'- and 3'-UTR and coding regions, except for a 342-bp segment encoding 114 amino acids (L272 to Q385 ) which is absent in HtNHX2. Both hydroponics and soil culture experiments showed that the expression of HtNHX1 or HtNHX2 improved the rice tolerance to salinity. Expression of HtNHX2, but not HtNHX1, increased rice grain yield, harvest index, total nutrient uptake under K+ -limited salt-stress or general nutrient deficiency conditions. The results provide a novel insight into NHX function in plant mineral nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low‐Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverMinistry of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low‐Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverMinistry of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Haiya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low‐Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverMinistry of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jianliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low‐Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverMinistry of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jia Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low‐Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverMinistry of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Huimin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low‐Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverMinistry of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | | | - Ling Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low‐Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverMinistry of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low‐Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverMinistry of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
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175
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Yao L, Wang J, Li B, Meng Y, Ma X, Si E, Ren P, Yang K, Shang X, Wang H. Transcriptome sequencing and comparative analysis of differentially-expressed isoforms in the roots of Halogeton glomeratus under salt stress. Gene 2017; 646:159-168. [PMID: 29292193 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although Halogeton glomeratus (H. glomeratus) has been confirmed to have a unique mechanism to regulate Na+ efflux from the cytoplasm and compartmentalize Na+ into leaf vacuoles, little is known about the salt tolerance mechanisms of roots under salinity stress. In the present study, transcripts were sequenced using the BGISEQ-500 sequencing platform (BGI, Wuhan, China). After quality control, approximately 24.08 million clean reads were obtained and the average mapping ratio to the reference gene was 70.00%. When comparing salt-treated samples with the control, a total of 550, 590, 1411 and 2063 DEIs were identified at 2, 6, 24 and 72h, respectively. Numerous differentially-expressed isoforms that play important roles in response and adaptation to salt condition are related to metabolic processes, cellular processes, single-organism processes, localization, biological regulation, responses to stimulus, binding, catalytic activity and transporter activity. Fifty-eight salt-induced isoforms were common to different stages of salt stress; most of these DEIs were related to signal transduction and transporters, which maybe the core isoforms regulating Na+ uptake and transport in the roots of H. glomeratus. The expression patterns of 18 DEIs that were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were consistent with their respective changes in transcript abundance as identified by RNA-Seq technology. The present study thoroughly explored potential isoforms involved in salt tolerance on H. glomeratus roots at five time points. Our results may serve as an important resource for the H. glomeratus research community, improving our understanding of salt tolerance in halophyte survival under high salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Yao
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China; College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juncheng Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China; College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baochun Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China; Department of Botany, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaxiong Meng
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China; College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaole Ma
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China; College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Erjing Si
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China; College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Panrong Ren
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China; College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China; College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xunwu Shang
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huajun Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, China; College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
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176
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Molecular characterization and expression analysis of the Na +/H + exchanger gene family in Medicago truncatula. Funct Integr Genomics 2017; 18:141-153. [PMID: 29280022 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-017-0581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
One important mechanism plants use to cope with salinity is keeping the cytosolic Na+ concentration low by sequestering Na+ in vacuoles, a process facilitated by Na+/H+ exchangers (NHX). There are eight NHX genes (NHX1 through NHX8) identified and characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. Bioinformatics analyses of the known Arabidopsis genes enabled us to identify six Medicago truncatula NHX genes (MtNHX1, MtNHX2, MtNHX3, MtNHX4, MtNHX6, and MtNHX7). Twelve transmembrane domains and an amiloride binding site were conserved in five out of six MtNHX proteins. Phylogenetic analysis involving A. thaliana, Glycine max, Phaseolus vulgaris, and M. truncatula revealed that each individual MtNHX class (class I: MtNHX1 through 4; class II: MtNHX6; class III: MtNHX7) falls under a separate clade. In a salinity-stress experiment, M. truncatula exhibited ~ 20% reduction in biomass. In the salinity treatment, sodium contents increased by 178 and 75% in leaves and roots, respectively, and Cl- contents increased by 152 and 162%, respectively. Na+ exclusion may be responsible for the relatively smaller increase in Na+ concentration in roots under salt stress as compared to Cl-. Decline in tissue K+ concentration under salinity was not surprising as some antiporters play an important role in transporting both Na+ and K + . MtNHX1, MtNHX6, and MtNHX7 display high expression in roots and leaves. MtNHX3, MtNHX6, and MtNHX7 were induced in roots under salinity stress. Expression analysis results indicate that sequestering Na+ into vacuoles may not be the principal component trait of the salt tolerance mechanism in M. truncatula and other component traits may be pivotal.
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177
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Pan T, Liu Y, Su X, An L, Qiu QS. Domain-switch analysis of PeNHX3 from Populus euphratica reveals the critical role of the transmembrane domain 11 in Na + and Li + transport. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 219:1-11. [PMID: 28946051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Populus euphratica, the well-known tree halophyte, tolerates the stress of high levels of salt. We previously showed that the transmembrane domain 11 (TM11) of PeNHX3, a Na+,K+/H+ antiporter from P. euphratica, was crucial for Na+ and Li+ transport in a yeast growth assay. Here, we examined the role of TM11 in catalyzing Na+ and Li+ transport in transgenic Arabidopsis. We found that PeNHX3 localized to the tonoplasts in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of PeNHX3 in Arabidopsis improved seedling growth and enhanced salt tolerance and Li+ detoxification. However, overexpression of PeNHX3 did not improve Arabidopsis growth at KCl concentrations higher than 0.1mM, suggesting a low K+ transport activity for PeNHX3 in plants. We performed in planta domain-switch analysis by replacing the C-terminal domain of AtNHX1 with a C-terminal segment of PeNHX3 containing the TM11 domain. We demonstrated that TM11 was critical for the Na+ and Li+ transport activities by PeNHX3. Taken together, PeNHX3 plays an important role in salt tolerance and Li+ detoxification in plants. TM11 controls the Na+ and Li+ transport activities of PeNHX3 in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Yafen Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Xiaomeng Su
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Lizhe An
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, China.
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178
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Kumar S, Kalita A, Srivastava R, Sahoo L. Co-expression of Arabidopsis NHX1 and bar Improves the Tolerance to Salinity, Oxidative Stress, and Herbicide in Transgenic Mungbean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1896. [PMID: 29163616 PMCID: PMC5673651 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Mungbean is an important pulse crop extensively cultivated in Southeast Asia for supply of easily digestible protein. Salinity severely limits the growth and productivity of mungbean, and weeding poses nutritional and disease constraints to mungbean cultivation. To pyramid both salt tolerance and protection against herbicide in mungbean, the AtNHX1 encoding tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporter from Arabidopsis, and bar gene associated with herbicide resistance were co-expressed through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Stress inducible expression of AtNHX1 significantly improved tolerance under salt stress to ionic, osmotic, and oxidative stresses in transgenic mungbean plants compared to the wild type (WT) plants, whereas constitutive expression of bar provided resistance to herbicide. Compared to WT, transgenic mungbean plants grew better with higher plant height, foliage, dry mass and seed yield under high salt stress (200 mM NaCl) in the greenhouse. The improved performance of transgenic plants under salt stress was associated with enhanced sequestration of Na+ in roots by vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter and limited transport of toxic Na+ to shoots, possibly by restricting Na+ influx into shoots. Transgenic plants showed better intracellular ion homeostasis, osmoregulation, reduced cell membrane damage, improved photosynthetic capacity, and transpiration rate as compared to WT when subjected to salt stress. Reduction in hydrogen peroxide and oxygen radical production indicated enhanced protection of transgenic plants to both salt- and methyl vialogen (MV)-induced oxidative stress. This study laid a firm foundation for improving mungbean yield in saline lands in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lingaraj Sahoo
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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179
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Adem GD, Roy SJ, Huang Y, Chen ZH, Wang F, Zhou M, Bowman JP, Holford P, Shabala S. Expressing Arabidopsis thaliana V-ATPase subunit C in barley (Hordeum vulgare) improves plant performance under saline condition by enabling better osmotic adjustment. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:1147-1159. [PMID: 32480640 DOI: 10.1071/fp17133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a global problem affecting agriculture that results in an estimated US$27 billion loss in revenue per year. Overexpression of vacuolar ATPase subunits has been shown to be beneficial in improving plant performance under saline conditions. Most studies, however, have not shown whether overexpression of genes encoding ATPase subunits results in improvements in grain yield, and have not investigated the physiological mechanisms behind the improvement in plant growth. In this study, we constitutively expressed Arabidopsis Vacuolar ATPase subunit C (AtVHA-C) in barley. Transgenic plants were assessed for agronomical and physiological characteristics, such as fresh and dry biomass, leaf pigment content, stomatal conductance, grain yield, and leaf Na+ and K+ concentration, when grown in either 0 or 300mM NaCl. When compared with non-transformed barley, AtVHA-C expressing barley lines had a smaller reduction in both biomass and grain yield under salinity stress. The transgenic lines accumulated Na+ and K+ in leaves for osmotic adjustment. This in turn saves energy consumed in the synthesis of organic osmolytes that otherwise would be needed for osmotic adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getnet D Adem
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia
| | - Stuart J Roy
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Private Mail Bag 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Yuqing Huang
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Feifei Wang
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia
| | - John P Bowman
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia
| | - Paul Holford
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia
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180
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Li N, Wang X, Ma B, Du C, Zheng L, Wang Y. Expression of a Na +/H + antiporter RtNHX1 from a recretohalophyte Reaumuria trigyna improved salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 218:109-120. [PMID: 28818757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Reaumuria trigyna is an endangered recretohalophyte and a small xeric shrub that is endemic to the eastern Alxa and western Ordos areas of Inner Mongolia, China. Using transcriptome data, we identified a 1662-bp open reading frame encoding a 553-amino-acid protein corresponding to a Na+/H+ antiporter (RtNHX1) from R. trigyna. RtNHX1 was rapidly up-regulated by NaCl and exogenous abscisic acid treatment and had different tissue-specific expression patterns before and after salt-stress treatment. Overexpression of RtNHX1 enhanced seed germination, biomass accumulation, chlorophyll content, and root elongation in transgenic Arabidopsis plants under salt stress and rescued the salt-sensitive deficiencies of the nhx1 mutant. POD and CAT enzyme activities, proline content, and RWC all increased significantly in salt-stressed transgenic Arabidopsis plants, whereas MDA content did not. Additionally, there was a corresponding upregulation of some antioxidant-enzyme, proline biosynthesis and other stress responsive genes (AtPOD1, AtCAT1, AtP5CS1, AtP5CS2, AtRD29A, AtRD29B, AtKIN1, and AtABI2). The transgenic Arabidopsis plants accumulated more K+ and less Na+ in their leaves and had lower Na+/K+ ratios than WT plants. This was reflected in the upregulation of some ion transport-related genes (AtAVP1, AtSOS1, AtKUP6, and AtKUP8). When RtNHX1 was expressed in the AXT3 yeast strain, the accumulation of Na+ and K+ in the vacuole increased and the Na+/K+ ratio decreased. These results reveal that R. trigyna RtNHX1 is a functional antiporter that sequesters Na+ and K+ in the vacuole and could confer salt tolerance on transgenic Arabidopsis plants by maintaining Na+/K+ homeostasis and enhancing osmotic and antioxidant regulatory capacity. These results suggest that RtNHX1 may be a good target for improving salt tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Li
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Binjie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Chao Du
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Linlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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181
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Sarwat M, Tuteja N. Hormonal signaling to control stomatal movement during drought stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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182
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Assaha DVM, Ueda A, Saneoka H, Al-Yahyai R, Yaish MW. The Role of Na + and K + Transporters in Salt Stress Adaptation in Glycophytes. Front Physiol 2017; 8:509. [PMID: 28769821 PMCID: PMC5513949 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic stress is one of the most important components of salinity and is brought about by excess Na+ accumulation, especially in the aerial parts of plants. Since Na+ interferes with K+ homeostasis, and especially given its involvement in numerous metabolic processes, maintaining a balanced cytosolic Na+/K+ ratio has become a key salinity tolerance mechanism. Achieving this homeostatic balance requires the activity of Na+ and K+ transporters and/or channels. The mechanism of Na+ and K+ uptake and translocation in glycophytes and halophytes is essentially the same, but glycophytes are more susceptible to ionic stress than halophytes. The transport mechanisms involve Na+ and/or K+ transporters and channels as well as non-selective cation channels. Thus, the question arises of whether the difference in salt tolerance between glycophytes and halophytes could be the result of differences in the proteins or in the expression of genes coding the transporters. The aim of this review is to seek answers to this question by examining the role of major Na+ and K+ transporters and channels in Na+ and K+ uptake, translocation and intracellular homeostasis in glycophytes. It turns out that these transporters and channels are equally important for the adaptation of glycophytes as they are for halophytes, but differential gene expression, structural differences in the proteins (single nucleotide substitutions, impacting affinity) and post-translational modifications (phosphorylation) account for the differences in their activity and hence the differences in tolerance between the two groups. Furthermore, lack of the ability to maintain stable plasma membrane (PM) potentials following Na+-induced depolarization is also crucial for salt stress tolerance. This stable membrane potential is sustained by the activity of Na+/H+ antiporters such as SOS1 at the PM. Moreover, novel regulators of Na+ and K+ transport pathways including the Nax1 and Nax2 loci regulation of SOS1 expression and activity in the stele, and haem oxygenase involvement in stabilizing membrane potential by activating H+-ATPase activity, favorable for K+ uptake through HAK/AKT1, have been shown and are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekoum V. M. Assaha
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat, Oman
| | - Akihiro Ueda
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Saneoka
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima, Japan
| | - Rashid Al-Yahyai
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat, Oman
| | - Mahmoud W. Yaish
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat, Oman
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183
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Van Oosten MJ, Silletti S, Guida G, Cirillo V, Di Stasio E, Carillo P, Woodrow P, Maggio A, Raimondi G. A Benzimidazole Proton Pump Inhibitor Increases Growth and Tolerance to Salt Stress in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1220. [PMID: 28769943 PMCID: PMC5513968 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pre-treatment of tomato plants with micromolar concentrations of omeprazole (OP), a benzimidazole proton pump inhibitor in mammalian systems, improves plant growth in terms of fresh weight of shoot and roots by 49 and 55% and dry weight by 54 and 105% under salt stress conditions (200 mM NaCl), respectively. Assessment of gas exchange, ion distribution, and gene expression profile in different organs strongly indicates that OP interferes with key components of the stress adaptation machinery, including hormonal control of root development (improving length and branching), protection of the photosynthetic system (improving quantum yield of photosystem II) and regulation of ion homeostasis (improving the K+:Na+ ratio in leaves and roots). To our knowledge OP is one of the few known molecules that at micromolar concentrations manifests a dual function as growth enhancer and salt stress protectant. Therefore, OP can be used as new inducer of stress tolerance to better understand molecular and physiological stress adaptation paths in plants and to design new products to improve crop performance under suboptimal growth conditions. Highlight: Omeprazole enhances growth of tomato and increases tolerance to salinity stress through alterations of gene expression and ion uptake and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Silletti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Guida
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFoM)Ercolano, Italy
| | - Valerio Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Emilio Di Stasio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Petronia Carillo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”Caserta, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Woodrow
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”Caserta, Italy
| | - Albino Maggio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Raimondi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
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184
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Luan M, Tang RJ, Tang Y, Tian W, Hou C, Zhao F, Lan W, Luan S. Transport and homeostasis of potassium and phosphate: limiting factors for sustainable crop production. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3091-3105. [PMID: 27965362 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) and phosphate (Pi) are both macronutrients essential for plant growth and crop production, but the unrenewable resources of phosphorus rock and potash have become limiting factors for food security. One critical measure to help solve this problem is to improve nutrient use efficiency (NUE) in plants by understanding and engineering genetic networks for ion uptake, translocation, and storage. Plants have evolved multiple systems to adapt to various nutrient conditions for growth and production. Within the NUE networks, transport proteins and their regulators are the primary players for maintaining nutrient homeostasis and could be utilized to engineer high NUE traits in crop plants. A large number of publications have detailed K+ and Pi transport proteins in plants over the past three decades. Meanwhile, the discovery and validation of their regulatory mechanisms are fast-track topics for research. Here, we provide an overview of K+ and Pi transport proteins and their regulatory mechanisms, which participate in the uptake, translocation, storage, and recycling of these nutrients in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingda Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Ren-Jie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yumei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Wang Tian
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Congong Hou
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Fugeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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185
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Expression and integrated network analyses revealed functional divergence of NHX-type Na +/H + exchanger genes in poplar. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2607. [PMID: 28572621 PMCID: PMC5453932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Na+/H+ antiporters (NHXs) are secondary ion transporters to exchange H+ and transfer the Na+ or K+ across membrane, they play crucial roles during plant development and stress responses. To gain insight into the functional divergence of NHX genes in poplar, eight PtNHX were identified from Populus trichocarpa genome. PtNHXs containing 10 transmembrane helices (TMH) and a hydrophilic C-terminal domain, the TMH compose a hollow cylinder to provide the channel for Na+ and H+ transport. The expression patterns and cis-acting elements showed that all the PtNHXs were response to single or multiple stresses including drought, heat, cold, salinity, MV, and ABA. Both the co-expression network and protein-protein interaction network of PtNHXs implying their functional divergence. Interestingly, although PtNHX7 and PtNHX8 were generated by whole genome duplication event, they showed significant differences in expression pattern, protein structure, co-expressed genes, and interacted proteins. Only PtNHX7 interact with CBL and CIPK, indicating PtNHX7 is the primary NHX involved in CBL-CIPK pathway during salt stress responses. Natural variation analysis based on 549 P. trichocarpa individuals indicated the frequency of SNPs in PtNHX7 was significantly higher than other PtNHXs. Our findings provide new insights into the functional divergence of NHX genes in poplar.
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186
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Jezek M, Blatt MR. The Membrane Transport System of the Guard Cell and Its Integration for Stomatal Dynamics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:487-519. [PMID: 28408539 PMCID: PMC5462021 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal guard cells are widely recognized as the premier plant cell model for membrane transport, signaling, and homeostasis. This recognition is rooted in half a century of research into ion transport across the plasma and vacuolar membranes of guard cells that drive stomatal movements and the signaling mechanisms that regulate them. Stomatal guard cells surround pores in the epidermis of plant leaves, controlling the aperture of the pore to balance CO2 entry into the leaf for photosynthesis with water loss via transpiration. The position of guard cells in the epidermis is ideally suited for cellular and subcellular research, and their sensitivity to endogenous signals and environmental stimuli makes them a primary target for physiological studies. Stomata underpin the challenges of water availability and crop production that are expected to unfold over the next 20 to 30 years. A quantitative understanding of how ion transport is integrated and controlled is key to meeting these challenges and to engineering guard cells for improved water use efficiency and agricultural yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Jezek
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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187
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Eisenach C, De Angeli A. Ion Transport at the Vacuole during Stomatal Movements. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:520-530. [PMID: 28381500 PMCID: PMC5462060 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent research on vacuolar ion channels, transporters, and pumps of Arabidopsis highlight their function and roles in stomatal opening and closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Eisenach
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8008, Switzerland (C.E.); and
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (A.D.A.)
| | - Alexis De Angeli
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8008, Switzerland (C.E.); and
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (A.D.A.)
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188
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Ismail AM, Horie T. Genomics, Physiology, and Molecular Breeding Approaches for Improving Salt Tolerance. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 68:405-434. [PMID: 28226230 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916-040936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress reduces land and water productivity and contributes to poverty and food insecurity. Increased salinization caused by human practices and climate change is progressively reducing agriculture productivity despite escalating calls for more food. Plant responses to salt stress are well understood, involving numerous critical processes that are each controlled by multiple genes. Knowledge of the critical mechanisms controlling salt uptake and exclusion from functioning tissues, signaling of salt stress, and the arsenal of protective metabolites is advancing. However, little progress has been made in developing salt-tolerant varieties of crop species using standard (but slow) breeding approaches. The genetic diversity available within cultivated crops and their wild relatives provides rich sources for trait and gene discovery that has yet to be sufficiently utilized. Transforming this knowledge into modern approaches using genomics and molecular tools for precision breeding will accelerate the development of tolerant cultivars and help sustain food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelbagi M Ismail
- Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, Manila 1301, Philippines;
| | - Tomoaki Horie
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan;
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189
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Ma Q, Hu J, Zhou XR, Yuan HJ, Kumar T, Luan S, Wang SM. ZxAKT1 is essential for K + uptake and K + /Na + homeostasis in the succulent xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:48-60. [PMID: 28008679 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The inward-rectifying K+ channel AKT1 constitutes an important pathway for K+ acquisition in plant roots. In glycophytes, excessive accumulation of Na+ is accompanied by K+ deficiency under salt stress. However, in the succulent xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum, which exhibits excellent adaptability to adverse environments, K+ concentration remains at a relatively constant level despite increased levels of Na+ under salinity and drought conditions. In this study, the contribution of ZxAKT1 to maintaining K+ and Na+ homeostasis in Z. xanthoxylum was investigated. Expression of ZxAKT1 rescued the K+ -uptake-defective phenotype of yeast strain CY162, suppressed the salt-sensitive phenotype of yeast strain G19, and complemented the low-K+ -sensitive phenotype of Arabidopsis akt1 mutant, indicating that ZxAKT1 functions as an inward-rectifying K+ channel. ZxAKT1 was predominantly expressed in roots, and was induced under high concentrations of either KCl or NaCl. By using RNA interference technique, we found that ZxAKT1-silenced plants exhibited stunted growth compared to wild-type Z. xanthoxylum. Further experiments showed that ZxAKT1-silenced plants exhibited a significant decline in net uptake of K+ and Na+ , resulting in decreased concentrations of K+ and Na+ , as compared to wild-type Z. xanthoxylum grown under 50 mm NaCl. Compared with wild-type, the expression levels of genes encoding several transporters/channels related to K+ /Na+ homeostasis, including ZxSKOR, ZxNHX, ZxSOS1 and ZxHKT1;1, were reduced in various tissues of a ZxAKT1-silenced line. These findings suggest that ZxAKT1 not only plays a crucial role in K+ uptake but also functions in modulating Na+ uptake and transport systems in Z. xanthoxylum, thereby affecting its normal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Xiang-Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Hui-Jun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Tanweer Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 73072, USA
- NJU-NJFU Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Suo-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
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190
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Almeida DM, Oliveira MM, Saibo NJM. Regulation of Na+ and K+ homeostasis in plants: towards improved salt stress tolerance in crop plants. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:326-345. [PMID: 28350038 PMCID: PMC5452131 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress that results in considerable crop yield losses worldwide. However, some plant genotypes show a high tolerance to soil salinity, as they manage to maintain a high K+/Na+ ratio in the cytosol, in contrast to salt stress susceptible genotypes. Although, different plant genotypes show different salt tolerance mechanisms, they all rely on the regulation and function of K+ and Na+ transporters and H+ pumps, which generate the driving force for K+ and Na+ transport. In this review we will introduce salt stress responses in plants and summarize the current knowledge about the most important ion transporters that facilitate intra- and intercellular K+ and Na+ homeostasis in these organisms. We will describe and discuss the regulation and function of the H+-ATPases, H+-PPases, SOS1, HKTs, and NHXs, including the specific tissues where they work and their response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego M Almeida
- Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M Margarida Oliveira
- Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nelson J M Saibo
- Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
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191
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Kumari PH, Kumar SA, Sivan P, Katam R, Suravajhala P, Rao KS, Varshney RK, Kishor PBK. Overexpression of a Plasma Membrane Bound Na +/H + Antiporter-Like Protein ( SbNHXLP) Confers Salt Tolerance and Improves Fruit Yield in Tomato by Maintaining Ion Homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 7:2027. [PMID: 28111589 PMCID: PMC5216050 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A Na+/H+ antiporter-like protein (NHXLP) was isolated from Sorghum bicolor L. (SbNHXLP) and validated by overexpressing in tomato for salt tolerance. Homozygous T2 transgenic lines when evaluated for salt tolerance, accumulated low Na+ and displayed enhanced salt tolerance compared to wild-type plants (WT). This is consistent with the amiloride binding assay of the protein. Transgenics exhibited higher accumulation of proline, K+, Ca2+, improved cambial conductivity, higher PSII, and antioxidative enzyme activities than WT. Fluorescence imaging results revealed lower Na+ and higher Ca2+ levels in transgenic roots. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that SbNHXLP interacts with a Solanum lycopersicum cation proton antiporter protein2 (SlCHX2). qRT-PCR results showed upregulation of SbNHXLP and SlCHX2 upon treatment with 200 mM NaCl and 100 mM potassium nitrate. SlCHX2 is known to be involved in K+ acquisition, and the interaction between these two proteins might help to accumulate more K+ ions, and thus maintain ion homeostasis. These results strongly suggest that plasma membrane bound SbNHXLP involves in Na+ exclusion, maintains ion homeostasis in transgenics in comparison with WT and alleviates NaCl stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Hima Kumari
- Department of Genetics, Osmania UniversityHyderabad, India
| | - S. Anil Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Osmania UniversityHyderabad, India
| | - Pramod Sivan
- Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel UniversityAnand, India
| | - Ramesh Katam
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M UniversityTallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - K. S. Rao
- Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel UniversityAnand, India
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
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192
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Shamustakimova AO, Leonova ТG, Taranov VV, de Boer AH, Babakov AV. Cold stress increases salt tolerance of the extremophytes Eutrema salsugineum (Thellungiella salsuginea) and Eutrema (Thellungiella) botschantzevii. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 208:128-138. [PMID: 27940414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study was performed to analyze the effect of cold acclimation on improving the resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana, Eutrema salsugineum and Eutrema botschantzevii plants to salt stress. Shoot FW, sodium and potassium accumulation, metabolite content, expression of proton pump genes VAB1, VAB2,VAB3, VP2, HA3 and genes encoding ion transporters SOS1, HKT1, NHX1, NHX2, NHX5 located in the plasma membrane or tonoplast were determined just after the cold treatment and the onset of the salt stress. In the same cold-acclimated E. botschantzevii plants, the Na+ concentration after salt treatment was around 80% lower than in non-acclimated plants, whereas the K+ concentration was higher. As a result of cold acclimation, the expression of, VAB3, NHX2, NHX5 genes and of SOS1, VP2, HA3 genes was strongly enhanced in E. botschantzevii and in E. salsugineum plants correspondently. None of the 10 genes analyzed showed any expression change in A. thaliana plants after cold acclimation. Altogether, the results indicate that cold-induced adaptation to subsequent salt stress exists in the extremophytes E. botschantzevii and to a lesser extend in E. salsugineum and is absent in Arabidopsis. This phenomenon may be attributed to the increased expression of ion transporter genes during cold acclimation in the Eutrema species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Shamustakimova
- All_Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Timiryazevskaya st., 42, Moscow 127550 Russia
| | - Т G Leonova
- All_Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Timiryazevskaya st., 42, Moscow 127550 Russia
| | - V V Taranov
- All_Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Timiryazevskaya st., 42, Moscow 127550 Russia
| | - A H de Boer
- Department of Structural Biology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A V Babakov
- All_Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Timiryazevskaya st., 42, Moscow 127550 Russia.
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193
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Almeida DM, Oliveira MM, Saibo NJM. Regulation of Na+ and K+ homeostasis in plants: towards improved salt stress tolerance in crop plants. Genet Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28350038 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-2106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress that results in considerable crop yield losses worldwide. However, some plant genotypes show a high tolerance to soil salinity, as they manage to maintain a high K+/Na+ ratio in the cytosol, in contrast to salt stress susceptible genotypes. Although, different plant genotypes show different salt tolerance mechanisms, they all rely on the regulation and function of K+ and Na+ transporters and H+ pumps, which generate the driving force for K+ and Na+ transport. In this review we will introduce salt stress responses in plants and summarize the current knowledge about the most important ion transporters that facilitate intra- and intercellular K+ and Na+ homeostasis in these organisms. We will describe and discuss the regulation and function of the H+-ATPases, H+-PPases, SOS1, HKTs, and NHXs, including the specific tissues where they work and their response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego M Almeida
- Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M Margarida Oliveira
- Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nelson J M Saibo
- Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
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194
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Huang Y, Guan C, Liu Y, Chen B, Yuan S, Cui X, Zhang Y, Yang F. Enhanced Growth Performance and Salinity Tolerance in Transgenic Switchgrass via Overexpressing Vacuolar Na + (K +)/H + Antiporter Gene ( PvNHX1). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:458. [PMID: 28421093 PMCID: PMC5376569 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has been increasingly recognized as one of the most valuable perennial bioenergy crop. To improve its biomass production, especially under salt stress, we isolated a putative vacuolar Na+ (K+)/H+ antiporter gene from switchgrass and designated as PvNHX1. Subcellular localization revealed that this protein was localized mainly on the vacuole membrane. The PvNHX1 was found to be expressed throughout the entire growth period of switchgrass, exhibited preferentially expressed in the leaf tissue, and highly induced by salt stress. Transgenic switchgrass overexpressing PvNHX1 showed obvious advantages with respect to plant height and leaf development compared to the wild-type (WT) and transgenic control (EV, expressing the empty vector only) plants, suggesting PvNHX1 may serve as a promoter in switchgrass growth and development. Moreover, transgenic switchgrass were more tolerant than control plants with better growth-related phenotypes (higher shoot height, larger stem diameter, longer leaf length, and width) and physiological capacities (increased proline accumulation, reduced malondialdehyde production, preserved cell membrane integrity, etc.) under high salinity stress. Furthermore, the genes related to cell growth, flowering, and potassium transporters in transgenic switchgrass exhibited a different expression profiles when compared to the control plants, indicating a pivotal function of PvNHX1 in cell expansion and K+ homeostasis. Taken together, PvNHX1 is essential for normal plant growth and development, and play an important role in the response to salt stress by improving K+ accumulation. Our data provide a valuable foundation for further researches on the molecular mechanism and physiological roles of NHXs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Huang
- Department of Crop Ecology and Farming, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Cong Guan
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yanrong Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Baoyue Chen
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Shan Yuan
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Grassland Science, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- National Energy R&D Center for BiomassBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yunwei Zhang
| | - Fuyu Yang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Beijing Sure Academy of BiosciencesBeijing, China
- Fuyu Yang
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195
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Schmöckel SM, Lightfoot DJ, Razali R, Tester M, Jarvis DE. Identification of Putative Transmembrane Proteins Involved in Salinity Tolerance in Chenopodium quinoa by Integrating Physiological Data, RNAseq, and SNP Analyses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1023. [PMID: 28680429 PMCID: PMC5478719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa) is an emerging crop that produces nutritious grains with the potential to contribute to global food security. Quinoa can also grow on marginal lands, such as soils affected by high salinity. To identify candidate salt tolerance genes in the recently sequenced quinoa genome, we used a multifaceted approach integrating RNAseq analyses with comparative genomics and topology prediction. We identified 219 candidate genes by selecting those that were differentially expressed in response to salinity, were specific to or overrepresented in quinoa relative to other Amaranthaceae species, and had more than one predicted transmembrane domain. To determine whether these genes might underlie variation in salinity tolerance in quinoa and its close relatives, we compared the response to salinity stress in a panel of 21 Chenopodium accessions (14 C. quinoa, 5 C. berlandieri, and 2 C. hircinum). We found large variation in salinity tolerance, with one C. hircinum displaying the highest salinity tolerance. Using genome re-sequencing data from these accessions, we investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variation (CNV) in the 219 candidate genes in accessions of contrasting salinity tolerance, and identified 15 genes that could contribute to the differences in salinity tolerance of these Chenopodium accessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Schmöckel
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Damien J. Lightfoot
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rozaimi Razali
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Tester
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - David E. Jarvis
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: David E. Jarvis
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196
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Zafra A, Carmona R, Traverso JA, Hancock JT, Goldman MHS, Claros MG, Hiscock SJ, Alche JD. Identification and Functional Annotation of Genes Differentially Expressed in the Reproductive Tissues of the Olive Tree ( Olea europaea L.) through the Generation of Subtractive Libraries. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1576. [PMID: 28955364 PMCID: PMC5601413 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The olive tree is a crop of high socio-economical importance in the Mediterranean area. Sexual reproduction in this plant is an essential process, which determines the yield. Successful fertilization is mainly favored and sometimes needed of the presence of pollen grains from a different cultivar as the olive seizes a self-incompatibility system allegedly determined of the sporophytic type. The purpose of the present study was to identify key gene products involved in the function of olive pollen and pistil, in order to help elucidate the events and signaling processes, which happen during the courtship, pollen grain germination, and fertilization in olive. The use of subtractive SSH libraries constructed using, on the one hand one specific stage of the pistil development with germinating pollen grains, and on the other hand mature pollen grains may help to reveal the specific transcripts involved in the cited events. Such libraries have also been created by subtracting vegetative mRNAs (from leaves), in order to identify reproductive sequences only. A variety of transcripts have been identified in the mature pollen grains and in the pistil at the receptive stage. Among them, those related to defense, transport and oxidative metabolism are highlighted mainly in the pistil libraries where transcripts related to stress, and response to biotic and abiotic stimulus have a prominent position. Extensive lists containing information as regard to the specific transcripts determined for each stage and tissue are provided, as well as functional classifications of these gene products. Such lists were faced up to two recent datasets obtained in olive after transcriptomic and genomic approaches. The sequences and the differential expression level of the SSH-transcripts identified here, highly matched the transcriptomic information. Moreover, the unique presence of a representative number of these transcripts has been validated by means of qPCR approaches. The construction of SSH libraries using pistil and pollen, considering the high interaction between male-female counterparts, allowed the identification of transcripts with important roles in stigma physiology. The functions of many of the transcripts obtained are intimately related, and most of them are of pivotal importance in defense, pollen-stigma interaction and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adoración Zafra
- Plant Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - Rosario Carmona
- Plant Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - José A. Traverso
- Plant Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - John T. Hancock
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of EnglandBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Maria H. S. Goldman
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. Gonzalo Claros
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de MálagaMálaga, Spain
| | - Simon J. Hiscock
- School of Biological Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Juan D. Alche
- Plant Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan D. Alche
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197
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Van Oosten MJ, Silletti S, Guida G, Cirillo V, Di Stasio E, Carillo P, Woodrow P, Maggio A, Raimondi G. A Benzimidazole Proton Pump Inhibitor Increases Growth and Tolerance to Salt Stress in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017. [PMID: 28769943 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01220/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pre-treatment of tomato plants with micromolar concentrations of omeprazole (OP), a benzimidazole proton pump inhibitor in mammalian systems, improves plant growth in terms of fresh weight of shoot and roots by 49 and 55% and dry weight by 54 and 105% under salt stress conditions (200 mM NaCl), respectively. Assessment of gas exchange, ion distribution, and gene expression profile in different organs strongly indicates that OP interferes with key components of the stress adaptation machinery, including hormonal control of root development (improving length and branching), protection of the photosynthetic system (improving quantum yield of photosystem II) and regulation of ion homeostasis (improving the K+:Na+ ratio in leaves and roots). To our knowledge OP is one of the few known molecules that at micromolar concentrations manifests a dual function as growth enhancer and salt stress protectant. Therefore, OP can be used as new inducer of stress tolerance to better understand molecular and physiological stress adaptation paths in plants and to design new products to improve crop performance under suboptimal growth conditions. Highlight: Omeprazole enhances growth of tomato and increases tolerance to salinity stress through alterations of gene expression and ion uptake and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Van Oosten
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Silvia Silletti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Guida
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFoM)Ercolano, Italy
| | - Valerio Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Emilio Di Stasio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Petronia Carillo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"Caserta, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Woodrow
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"Caserta, Italy
| | - Albino Maggio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Raimondi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
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198
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Michard E, Simon AA, Tavares B, Wudick MM, Feijó JA. Signaling with Ions: The Keystone for Apical Cell Growth and Morphogenesis in Pollen Tubes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:91-111. [PMID: 27895207 PMCID: PMC5210754 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ion homeostasis and signaling are crucial to regulate pollen tube growth and morphogenesis and affect upstream membrane transporters and downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Michard
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815 (E.M., A.A.S., M.M.W., J.A.F.); and
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras 2780-901, Portugal (B.T.)
| | - Alexander A Simon
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815 (E.M., A.A.S., M.M.W., J.A.F.); and
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras 2780-901, Portugal (B.T.)
| | - Bárbara Tavares
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815 (E.M., A.A.S., M.M.W., J.A.F.); and
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras 2780-901, Portugal (B.T.)
| | - Michael M Wudick
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815 (E.M., A.A.S., M.M.W., J.A.F.); and
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras 2780-901, Portugal (B.T.)
| | - José A Feijó
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815 (E.M., A.A.S., M.M.W., J.A.F.); and
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras 2780-901, Portugal (B.T.)
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199
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Almeida DM, Gregorio GB, Oliveira MM, Saibo NJM. Five novel transcription factors as potential regulators of OsNHX1 gene expression in a salt tolerant rice genotype. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 93:61-77. [PMID: 27766460 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript reports the identification and characterization of five transcription factors binding to the promoter of OsNHX1 in a salt stress tolerant rice genotype (Hasawi). Although NHX1 encoding genes are known to be highly regulated at the transcription level by different abiotic stresses, namely salt and drought stress, until now only one transcription factor (TF) binding to its promoter has been reported. In order to unveil the TFs regulating NHX1 gene expression, which is known to be highly induced under salt stress, we have used a Y1H system to screen a salt induced rice cDNA expression library from Hasawi. This approach allowed us to identify five TFs belonging to three distinct TF families: one TCP (OsPCF2), one CPP (OsCPP5) and three NIN-like (OsNIN-like2, OsNIN-like3 and OsNIN-like4) binding to the OsNHX1 gene promoter. We have also shown that these TFs act either as transcriptional activators (OsPCF2, OsNIN-like4) or repressors (OsCPP5, OsNIN-like2) and their encoding genes are differentially regulated by salt and PEG-induced drought stress in two rice genotypes, Nipponbare (salt-sensitive) and Hasawi (salt-tolerant). The transactivation activity of OsNIN-like3 was not possible to determine. Increased soil salinity has a direct impact on the reduction of plant growth and crop yield and it is therefore fundamental to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying gene expression regulation under adverse environmental conditions. OsNHX1 is the most abundant K+-Na+/H+ antiporter localized in the tonoplast and its gene expression is induced by salt, drought and ABA. To investigate how OsNHX1 is transcriptionally regulated in response to salt stress in a salt-tolerant rice genotype (Hasawi), a salt-stress-induced cDNA expression library was constructed and subsequently screened using the yeast one-hybrid system and the OsNHX1 promoter as bait. Five transcription factors (TFs) belonging to three distinct TF families: one TCP (OsPCF2), one CPP (OsCPP5) and three NIN-like (OsNIN-like2, OsNIN-like3 and OsNIN-like4) were identified as binding to OsNHX1 promoter. Transactivation activity assays performed in Arabidopsis and rice protoplasts showed that OsPCF2 and OsNIN-like4 are activators of the OsNHX1 gene expression, while OsCPP5 and OsNIN-like2 act as repressors. The transactivation activity of OsNIN-like3 needs to be further investigated. Gene expression studies showed that OsNHX1 transcript level is highly induced by salt and PEG-induced drought stress in both shoots and roots in both Nipponbare and Hasawi rice genotypes. Nevertheless, OsNHX1 seems to play a particular role in shoots in response to drought. Most of the TFs binding to OsNHX1 promoter showed a modest transcriptional regulation under stress conditions, however, in response to most of the conditions studied, the OsPCF2 was induced earlier than OsNHX1, indicating that OsPCF2 may activate OsNHX1 gene expression. In addition, although the OsNHX1 response to salt and PEG-induced drought stress in either shoots or roots was quite similar in both rice genotypes, the expression of OsPCF2 in roots under salt stress and the OsNIN-like4 in roots subjected to PEG was mainly up-regulated in Hasawi, indicating that these TFs may be associated with the salt and drought stress tolerance observed for this genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego M Almeida
- Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Glenn B Gregorio
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
- East-West Seed Company (EWS), Km. 54 Cagayan Valley Road, San Rafael, 3008, Bulacan, Philippines
| | - M Margarida Oliveira
- Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nelson J M Saibo
- Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
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Wu Y, Meng K, Liang X. Distinct patterns of natural selection in Na +/H + antiporter genes in Populus euphratica and Populus pruinosa. Ecol Evol 2016; 7:82-91. [PMID: 28070277 PMCID: PMC5214168 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt tolerance genes constitute an important class of loci in plant genomes. Little is known about the extent to which natural selection in saline environments has acted upon these loci, and what types of nucleotide diversity such selection has given rise to. Here, we surveyed genetic diversity in three types of Na+/H+ antiporter gene (SOS, NhaD, and NHX, belonging to the cation/proton antiporter 1 family), which have well‐characterized essential roles in plant salt tolerance. Ten Na+/H+ antiporter genes and 16 neutral loci randomly selected as controls were sequenced from 17 accessions of two closely related members of the genus Populus, Populus euphratica and Populus pruinosa, section Turanga, which are native to northwest China. The results show that salt tolerance genes are common targets of natural selection in P. euphratica and P. pruinosa. Moreover, the patterns of nucleotide variation across the three types of Na+/H+ antiporter gene are distinctly different in these two closely related Populus species, and gene flow from P. pruinosa to P. euphratica is highly restricted. Our results suggest that natural selection played an important role in shaping the current distinct patterns of Na+/H+ antiporter genes, resulting in adaptive evolution in P. euphratica and P. pruinosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Kuibin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Xiaohui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
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