151
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Guerin AA, Nestler EJ, Berk M, Lawrence AJ, Rossell SL, Kim JH. Genetics of methamphetamine use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analyses of gene association studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 120:48-74. [PMID: 33217458 PMCID: PMC7856253 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility to methamphetamine use disorder is poorly understood. No twin or adequately powered genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been conducted. However, there are a large number of hypothesis-driven candidate gene association studies, which were systematically reviewed herein. Seventy-six studies were identified, investigating markers of 75 different genes. Allele frequencies, odds ratios, 95 % confidence intervals and power were calculated. Risk of bias was also assessed as a quality measure. Meta-analyses were conducted for gene markers if three or more studies were available. Eleven markers from adequately powered studies were significantly associated with methamphetamine use disorder, with Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) representing promising targets. Limitations of these studies include unclear rationale for candidate gene selection, low power and high risk of bias. Future research should include replications to enable more meta-analyses, well-powered GWASs or whole exome or genome sequencing, as well as twin and family studies to further complement the findings of this review to uncover genetic contributions toward methamphetamine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A Guerin
- Mental Health Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Mental Health Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Mental Health Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
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152
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Nickoloff-Bybel EA, Calderon TM, Gaskill PJ, Berman JW. HIV Neuropathogenesis in the Presence of a Disrupted Dopamine System. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 15:729-742. [PMID: 32506353 PMCID: PMC7905900 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV into a chronic condition, lengthening and improving the lives of individuals living with this virus. Despite successful suppression of HIV replication, people living with HIV (PLWH) are susceptible to a growing number of comorbidities, including neuroHIV that results from infection of the central nervous system (CNS). Alterations in the dopaminergic system have long been associated with HIV infection of the CNS. Studies indicate that changes in dopamine concentrations not only alter neurotransmission, but also significantly impact the function of immune cells, contributing to neuroinflammation and neuronal dysfunction. Monocytes/macrophages, which are a major target for HIV in the CNS, are responsive to dopamine. Therefore, defining more precisely the mechanisms by which dopamine acts on these cells, and the changes in cellular function elicited by this neurotransmitter are necessary to develop therapeutic strategies to treat neuroHIV. This is especially important for vulnerable populations of PLWH with chemically altered dopamine concentrations, such as individuals with substance use disorder (SUD), or aging individuals using dopamine-altering medications. The specific neuropathologic and neurocognitive consequences of increased CNS dopamine remain unclear. This is due to the complex nature of HIV neuropathogenesis, and logistical and technical challenges that contribute to inconsistencies among cohort studies, animal models and in vitro studies, as well as lack of demographic data and access to human CNS samples and cells. This review summarizes current understanding of the impact of dopamine on HIV neuropathogenesis, and proposes new experimental approaches to examine the role of dopamine in CNS HIV infection. Graphical abstract HIV Neuropathogenesis in the Presence of a Disrupted Dopamine System. Both substance abuse disorders and the use of dopaminergic medications for age-related diseases are associated with changes in CNS dopamine concentrations and dopaminergic neurotransmission. These changes can lead to aberrant immune function, particularly in myeloid cells, which contributes to the neuroinflammation, neuropathology and dysfunctional neurotransmission observed in dopamine-rich regions in HIV+ individuals. These changes, which are seen despite the use antiretroviral therapy (ART), in turn lead to further dysregulation of the dopamine system. Thus, in individuals with elevated dopamine, the bi-directional interaction between aberrant dopaminergic neurotransmission and HIV infection creates a feedback loop contributing to HIV associated neurocognitive dysfunction and neuroHIV. However, the distinct contributions and interactions made by HIV infection, inflammatory mediators, ART, drugs of abuse, and age-related therapeutics are poorly understood. Defining more precisely the mechanisms by which these factors influence the development of neurological disease is critical to addressing the continued presence of neuroHIV in vulnerable populations, such as HIV-infected older adults or drug abusers. Due to the complexity of this system, understanding these effects will require a combination of novel experimental modalities in the context of ART. These will include more rigorous epidemiological studies, relevant animal models, and in vitro cellular and molecular mechanistic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Nickoloff-Bybel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - T M Calderon
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - P J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
| | - J W Berman
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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153
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Murphy CE, Wang RC, Coralic Z, Lai AR, Raven M. Association Between Methamphetamine Use and Psychiatric Hospitalization, Chemical Restraint, and Emergency Department Length of Stay. Acad Emerg Med 2020; 27:1116-1125. [PMID: 32713087 DOI: 10.1111/acem.14094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methamphetamine intoxication is an increasing cause of emergency department (ED) visits in the United States, particularly in the west. In San Francisco, California, 47% of patients visiting psychiatric emergency services are intoxicated with methamphetamine. Such patients often visit the ED due to acute psychiatric symptoms, yet ED-based research investigating the outcomes and resource utilization of these visits is limited. METHODS We examined a retrospective cohort of ED patients requiring ED-based psychiatric consultation from June 2017 to July 2018. We evaluated the association between methamphetamine visits and need for chemical restraint, psychiatric hospitalization, and length of stay (LOS). RESULTS We identified 2,087 ED visits with psychiatric consults. Based on urine toxicology results and discharge diagnosis, 403 visits involved methamphetamine with or without other drugs, 480 involved other drugs without methamphetamine, and 1,204 had no evidence of drug use. Methamphetamine visits were associated with increased odds of chemical restraint compared to visits without drug use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.2, 95% CI = 2.1 to 5.2, p < 0.001), but not other drug visits (AOR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.8 to 1.9, p = 0.4). Methamphetamine visits had lower odds of psychiatric hospitalization than other drug visits (AOR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.41 to 0.95, p = 0.03) and longer adjusted LOS than visits without drug use (+4.3 hours, 95% CI = 4.1 to 8.3 hours, p < 0.001) but not other drug visits (+1.5 hours, 95% CI = -0.6 to 3.7 hours, p = 0.2). CONCLUSIONS Methamphetamine ED visits were associated with increased odds of needing chemical restraint and of an increased ED LOS but not with psychiatric inpatient admission. These results indicate an opportunity to improve the efficiency of ED care for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Murphy
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine University of California San Francisco CA USA
| | - Ralph C. Wang
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine University of California San Francisco CA USA
| | - Zlatan Coralic
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine University of California San Francisco CA USA
- the Department of Pharmacy University of California San Francisco CA USA
| | - Andrew R. Lai
- the Division of Hospital Medicine Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco CA USA
| | - Maria Raven
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine University of California San Francisco CA USA
- and the Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies University of California San Francisco CA USA
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154
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Amphetamine-induced alteration to gaze parameters: A novel conceptual pathway and implications for naturalistic behavior. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 199:101929. [PMID: 33091542 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine produces a multiplicity of well-documented end-order biochemical, pharmacological and biobehavioural effects. Mechanistically, amphetamine downregulates presynaptic and postsynaptic striatal monoamine (primarily dopaminergic) systems, producing alterations to key brain regions which manifest as stereotyped ridged behaviour which occurs under both acute and chronic dosing schedules and persists beyond detoxification. Despite evidence of amphetamine-induced visual attentional dysfunction, no conceptual synthesis has yet captured how characteristic pharmaco-behavioural processes are critically implicated via these pathways, nor described the potential implications for safety-sensitive behaviours. Drawing on known pathomechanisms, we propose a cross-disciplinary, novel conceptual functional system framework for delineating the biobehavioural consequences of amphetamine use on visual attentional capacity and discuss the implications for functional and behavioural outcomes. Specifically, we highlight the manifest implications for behaviours that are conceptually driven and highly dependent on visual information processing for timely execution of visually-guided movements. Following this, we highlight the potential impact on safety-sensitive, but common behaviours, such as driving a motor vehicle. The close pathophysiological relationship between oculomotor control and higher-order cognitive processes further suggests that dynamic measurement of movement related to the motion of the eye (gaze behaviour) may be a simple, effective and direct measure of behavioural performance capabilities in naturalistic settings. Consequently, we discuss the potential efficacy of ocular monitoring for the detection and monitoring of driver states for this drug user group, and potential wider application. Significance statement: We propose a novel biochemical-physiological-behavioural pathway which delineates how amphetamine use critically alters oculomotor function, visual-attentional performance and information processing capabilities. Given the manifest implications for behaviours that are conceptually driven and highly dependent on these processes, we recommend oculography as a novel means of detecting and monitoring gaze behaviours during naturalistic tasks such as driving. Real-word examination of gaze behaviour therefore present as an effective means to detect driver impairment and prevent performance degradation due to these drugs.
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155
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Shab G, Fultz EK, Page A, Coelho MA, Brewin LW, Stailey N, Brown CN, Bryant CD, Kippin TE, Szumlinski KK. The motivational valence of methamphetamine relates inversely to subsequent methamphetamine self-administration in female C57BL/6J mice. Behav Brain Res 2020; 398:112959. [PMID: 33053382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underpinning individual variance in addiction vulnerability requires the development of validated, high-throughput screens. In a prior study of a large sample of male isogenic C57BL/6J mice, the direction and magnitude of methamphetamine (MA)-induced place-conditioning predicts the propensity to acquire oral MA self-administration, as well as the efficacy of MA to serve as a reinforcer. The present study examined whether or not such a predictive relationship also exists in females. Adult C57BL/6J females underwent a 4-day MA place-conditioning paradigm (once daily injections of 2 mg/kg) and were then trained to nose-poke for delivery of a 20 mg/L MA solution under increasing schedules of reinforcement, followed by dose-response testing (5-400 mg/L MA). Akin to males, 53 % of the females exhibited a conditioned place-preference, while 32 % of the mice were MA-neutral and 15 % exhibited a conditioned place-aversion. However, unlike males, the place-conditioning phenotype did not transfer to MA-reinforced nose-poking behavior under operant-conditioning procedures, with 400 mg/L MA intake being inversely correlated place-conditioning. While only one MA-conditioning dose has been assayed to date, these data indicate that sex does not significantly shift the proportion of C57BL/6J mice that perceive MA's interoceptive effects as positive, neutral or aversive. However, a sex difference appears to exist regarding the predictive relationship between the motivational valence of MA and subsequent drug-taking behavior; females exhibit MA-taking behavior and reinforcement, despite their initial perception of the stimulant interoceptive effects as positive, neutral or negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Shab
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Elissa K Fultz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Ariana Page
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Michal A Coelho
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Lindsey W Brewin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Stailey
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Chelsea N Brown
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Camron D Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tod E Kippin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Institute for Collaborative Biology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Karen K Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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156
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Wang Z, Mao K, Du W, Cai M, Zhang Z, Li X. Diluted concentrations of methamphetamine in surface water induce behavior disorder, transgenerational toxicity, and ecosystem-level consequences of fish. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 184:116164. [PMID: 32688152 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) has been recognized as an emerging organic contaminant as it was widely detected in the aquatic environment via wastewater effluent discharge. However, the ecological hazard posed by METH at environmentally relevant concentrations was remained unclear. In this study, adult medaka fish were exposed to METH at environmental levels (0.05, 0.2, 0.5, 5 μg L-1) and high level (25 and 100 μg L-1) for 90 days to investigate its effect on ecologically behavioral functions, histopathology, bioconcentration, and transgenerational toxicity. The significant increase of locomotion activity, total distance, and max velocity of adult medaka were observed at low METH levels (0.2-0.5 μg L-1), while it markedly decreased at high levels (25-100 μg L-1). This effect may increase the predation risk of the fish. The significant alteration on the relative expressions of the genes (cacna1c, oxtr, erk1, and c-fos), as well as the contents of the proteins (oxytocin (OXT) and protein kinase A (PKA)) involved in Voltage Dependent Calcium Channel (VDCC) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling channel induced by METH could partly elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the changes of the behavioral traits. METH could induce obvious minimal gliosis, neuronal loss, and necrotic in brain tissues. Additionally, the significant increase of hepatic-somatic index (HSI) of male medaka at 0.2-5 μg L-1 groups, and the decrease of female medaka at 100 μg L-1 group indicated male fish was more susceptible to METH. Nephric-somatic index (NSI) of medaka markedly declined induced by METH at 0.05-100 μg L-1. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) (0.4-5.8) in medaka fish revealed the bioconcentration potential of METH in fish. This study for the first time demonstrated METH could induced the development defects of larvae in F1 generation at environmentally relevant concentrations, thereby resulting in a significant decrease in the capacity of fish to produce offspring. Meanwhile, the RQ values (>1) of METH in river in China, USA, and Australia showed a high teratogenic risk level, suggesting the ecosystem-levels consequence posed by METH should be concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, PR China; College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, PR China; Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Kang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Wei Du
- School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Min Cai
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, PR China
| | - Zhaobin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xiqing Li
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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157
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Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Transdermal Selegiline and Its Metabolites for the Evaluation of Disposition Differences between Healthy and Special Populations. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100942. [PMID: 33008144 PMCID: PMC7600566 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of selegiline (SEL), and its metabolites, was developed in silico to evaluate the disposition differences between healthy and special populations. SEL is metabolized to methamphetamine (MAP) and desmethyl selegiline (DMS) by several CYP enzymes. CYP2D6 metabolizes the conversion of MAP to amphetamine (AMP), while CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 predominantly mediate the conversion of DMS to AMP. The overall prediction error in simulated PK, using the developed PBPK model, was within 0.5-1.5-fold after intravenous and transdermal dosing in healthy and elderly populations. Simulation results generated in the special populations demonstrated that a decrease in cardiac output is a potential covariate that affects the SEL exposure in renally impaired (RI) and hepatic impaired (HI) subjects. A decrease in CYP2D6 levels increased the systemic exposure of MAP. DMS exposure increased due to a reduction in the abundance of CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 in RI and HI subjects. In addition, an increase in the exposure of the primary metabolites decreased the exposure of AMP. No significant difference between the adult and adolescent populations, in terms of PK, were observed. The current PBPK model predictions indicate that subjects with HI or RI may require closer clinical monitoring to identify any untoward effects associated with the administration of transdermal SEL patch.
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158
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Substance use disorders and chronic itch. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 84:148-155. [PMID: 32891774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.08.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pruritus is one dermatologic manifestation of an underlying substance use disorder. Recent literature has uncovered similarities between the general neurologic mechanisms of addiction and chronic itch, largely involving activation of the dopaminergic reward circuits within the brain and imbalances between mu and kappa opioid receptor activation. It is likely that the use of specific drugs, like central nervous system stimulants and opioids, results in further activation and imbalances within these pathways, perpetuating both addiction and pruritus simultaneously. Opioid users often present to dermatology clinics with a generalized pruritus, whereas individuals using central nervous system stimulants like cocaine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), as well as legally prescribed drugs like treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, frequently complain of crawling, delusional infestation-like sensations underneath the skin. Because of these overlapping mechanisms and similar clinical presentations to many other chronically itchy conditions, it is necessary for dermatologists to consider and investigate an underlying substance use disorder to effectively treat these patients.
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159
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Sancho Santos ME, Grabicová K, Steinbach C, Schmidt-Posthaus H, Šálková E, Kolářová J, Vojs Staňová A, Grabic R, Randák T. Environmental concentration of methamphetamine induces pathological changes in brown trout (Salmo trutta fario). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126882. [PMID: 32957289 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine, mainly consumed as an illicit drug, is a potent addictive psychostimulant that has been detected in surface water at concentrations ranging from nanograms to micrograms per litre, especially in Middle and East Europe. The aim of this study was to expose brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) to environmental (1 μg L-1) and higher (50 μg L-1) concentrations of methamphetamine for 35 days with a four-day depuration phase to assess the possible negative effects on fish health. Degenerative liver and heart alterations, similar to those described in mammals, were observed at both concentrations, although at different intensities. Apoptotic changes in hepatocytes, revealed by activated caspase-3, were found in exposed fish. The parent compound and a metabolite (amphetamine) were detected in fish tissues in both concentration groups, in the order of kidney > liver > brain > muscle > plasma. Bioconcentration factors ranged from 0.13 to 80. A therapeutic plasma concentration was reached for both compounds in the high-concentration treatment. This study indicates that chronic environmental concentrations of methamphetamine can lead to health issues in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Sancho Santos
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Christoph Steinbach
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Heike Schmidt-Posthaus
- University of Bern, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Laenggassstrasse 122, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Šálková
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Kolářová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Vojs Staňová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ilkovicova 6, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Randák
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
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160
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Environmental Methamphetamine Exposures and Health Effects in 25 Case Studies. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8030061. [PMID: 32825457 PMCID: PMC7560285 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The clandestine manufacture and use of methamphetamine can result in contamination of residential properties. It is understood that this contamination remains in homes for a significant period, however there are a lack of data available to understand the health effects of exposure to environmental methamphetamine contamination (third-hand exposure). Our study collected information from 63 individuals in 25 separate case studies where the subjects had unwittingly suffered third-hand exposure to methamphetamine from former manufacture, use, or both. Data included environmental contamination data, information on subjects' health effects, and evidence of exposure using hair analysis. This study identified a range of health effects that occur from residing in these properties, including behavioural effects or issues, sleep issues, respiratory effects, skin and eye effects, and headaches. Methamphetamine was detected in hair samples from some individuals, including children. The exposures and concomitant reported health effects covered a wide range of environmental methamphetamine levels in the properties, including low levels close to the current Australian guideline of 0.5 µg methamphetamine/100 cm2. There were no discernible differences between health effects from living in properties contaminated from former manufacture or use. This study demonstrates that residing in these properties can represent a serious public health risk.
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161
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Does Manganese Contribute to Methamphetamine-Induced Psychosis? CURRENT EMERGENCY AND HOSPITAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40138-020-00221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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162
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Hegazi F, Alhazmi H, Abdullah A, Alamer N, Nelson J, Aldosari M, Tillman N, Bahdila D, Odani S, Agaku I, Vardavas C. Prevalence of oral conditions among methamphetamine users: NHANES 2009-2014. J Public Health Dent 2020; 81:21-28. [PMID: 32812220 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methamphetamine (MA) is a widely used illicit drug and a nationwide public health concern. Although dental complications are consistently reported among MA users, yet limited nationally representative studies on the associations between MA use and oral health currently exist. METHODS Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2014, we analyzed 8,762 respondents aged 30-64 years who had completed a periodontal examination. MA use was self-reported; periodontitis, untreated caries, and missing teeth were assessed by calibrated dentists. Descriptive statistics as well as multivariable regression analyses were performed. Data were weighted to yield representative estimates of the US adult population. RESULTS Overall 7.8 percent of US adults aged ≥30 years had ever used MA. Ever-use prevalence was higher among males, whites, and individuals below the federal poverty level. Established MA users had a higher prevalence of untreated dental caries (36.6 percent), any periodontitis (54.8 percent), and severe periodontitis (12.2 percent) than those who had never used MA. The prevalence of any periodontitis was higher among current MA users (PR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.05-1.62) than those who never used MA. Prevalence of untreated dental caries was higher among current MA users (PR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.10-2.13) and established users (PR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.02-1.48) than never users. Taking MA orally and/or through injection was associated with higher odds of severe periodontitis than orally only (AOR: 3.72; CI: 1.79-7.75). CONCLUSIONS MA users had a higher prevalence of periodontitis and dental caries. Continued research assessing the relationship between MA use and oral health can inform clinical interventions and management of dental diseases in MA users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Hegazi
- Preventive Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, College of Dentistry, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Alhazmi
- Preventive Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Abdullah
- Preventive Dental Science, King Abdulaziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Alamer
- Periodontics and Community Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jevae Nelson
- Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Muath Aldosari
- Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nailah Tillman
- Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dania Bahdila
- Preventive Dental Science, King Abdulaziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Satomi Odani
- University of Crete School of Medicine, Crete, Greece
| | - Israel Agaku
- Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Constantine Vardavas
- Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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163
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Pham T, Tinajero Y, Mo L, Schulkin J, Schmidt L, Wakeman B, Kremer M. Obstetrical and perinatal outcomes of patients with methamphetamine-positive drug screen on labor and delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2020; 2:100195. [PMID: 33345915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of methamphetamine use in reproductive-age women across the United States is increasing. The existing literature on methamphetamine use in pregnancy has indicated an elevated risk of adverse maternal and neonatal health outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate pregnancy outcomes in patients with recent methamphetamine use compared with patients who received negative test results for methamphetamine at the time of delivery. STUDY DESIGN A single-site retrospective cohort study from January to December 2015 was performed. Patients with a documented urine drug screen during the delivery encounter were identified from the electronic medical records. The outcomes of patients with methamphetamine-positive urine drug screens were compared with controls with urine drug screens negative for methamphetamine. Maternal outcomes of interest included placental abruption, hypertensive disorders, premature preterm rupture of membranes, postpartum hemorrhage, and preterm birth. Utilization of prenatal care, social work consults, and child protective services referrals were also recorded. Neonatal outcomes included birthweight, neonatal intensive care unit length of stay, Apgar scores, and perinatal mortality. RESULTS The 2 groups had similar demographic characteristics (age, multiparity, ethnicity), with the methamphetamine-positive group more likely to have no or limited prenatal care. Both groups engaged in polysubstance use. A methamphetamine-positive urine drug screen at the time of delivery carries an increased risk of abruption (odds ratio, 5.63; confidence interval, 1.21-26.21) but indicated no increased risk of maternal hypertensive disorders. Additional associated risks include preterm birth (odds ratio, 3.10; confidence interval, 1.44-6.68), lower Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes (P=.012 and P=.02, respectively), and increased perinatal mortality (odds ratio, 6.9; confidence interval, 1.01-47.4). CONCLUSION Positive urine drug testing for methamphetamines during labor admission confers considerable maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality including an increased risk of placental abruption, preterm birth, and perinatal demise. Given the limited treatments for methamphetamine addiction, further research is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Pham
- Los Olivos Women's Medical Group, Stanford Health Care, Los Gatos, CA
| | - Yolanda Tinajero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lihong Mo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco-Fresno, Fresno, CA
| | - Jay Schulkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Loren Schmidt
- Department of Biology, Seattle University, Seattle, WA
| | - Brooke Wakeman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Mallory Kremer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
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164
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Herland A, Maoz BM, FitzGerald EA, Grevesse T, Vidoudez C, Sheehy SP, Budnik N, Dauth S, Mannix R, Budnik B, Parker KK, Ingber DE. Proteomic and Metabolomic Characterization of Human Neurovascular Unit Cells in Response to Methamphetamine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900230. [PMID: 32744807 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The functional state of the neurovascular unit (NVU), composed of the blood-brain barrier and the perivasculature that forms a dynamic interface between the blood and the central nervous system (CNS), plays a central role in the control of brain homeostasis and is strongly affected by CNS drugs. Human primary brain microvascular endothelium, astrocyte, pericyte, and neural cell cultures are often used to study NVU barrier functions as well as drug transport and efficacy; however, the proteomic and metabolomic responses of these different cell types are not well characterized. Culturing each cell type separately, using deep coverage proteomic analysis and characterization of the secreted metabolome, as well as measurements of mitochondrial activity, the responses of these cells under baseline conditions and when exposed to the NVU-impairing stimulant methamphetamine (Meth) are analyzed. These studies define the previously unknown metabolic and proteomic profiles of human brain pericytes and lead to improved characterization of the phenotype of each of the NVU cell types as well as cell-specific metabolic and proteomic responses to Meth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Herland
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden.,AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Engineering and Medical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Ben M Maoz
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Edward A FitzGerald
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Grevesse
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Charles Vidoudez
- Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Facility, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Sean P Sheehy
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Nikita Budnik
- Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Stephanie Dauth
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Robert Mannix
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bogdan Budnik
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Resource Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Vascular Biology Program and Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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165
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Huang S, Dai Y, Zhang C, Yang C, Huang Q, Hao W, Shen H. Higher impulsivity and lower grey matter volume in the bilateral prefrontal cortex in long-term abstinent individuals with severe methamphetamine use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 212:108040. [PMID: 32428790 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that grey matter volume (GMV) might be lower in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder and that dynamic alterations in selected brain regions might appear in individuals after short-term abstinence. However, the GMV of brains in these individuals after long-term abstinence is poorly understood. Moreover, individuals with severe methamphetamine use disorder have been considered to have high levels of impulsivity, but the biological mechanism is still unclear. METHODS In this study, the impulsivity of all participants was assessed using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in conjunction with statistical parametric mapping on structural magnetic resonance images, the GMVs of the whole brain were compared among 32 drug-naïve healthy controls (HC) and 40 individuals with severe methamphetamine use disorder who had been abstinent for at least 20 months (SMUD-A). RESULTS We observed significantly higher BIS-11 impulsivity scores and lower GMV in the bilateral superior frontal cortex of SMUD-A individuals than in those of control subjects. The impulsivity score was negatively correlated with GMV in the right superior frontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer novel evidence with respect to the impulsivity trait and brain GMV feature in long-term abstinent individuals with severe methamphetamine use disorder. Moreover, our findings suggest that lower GMV in the right superior frontal cortex might reflect a trait marker of higher impulsivity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucai Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Xiangya, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Substance Dependence, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Dai
- Department of Substance Dependence, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Changcun Zhang
- Pingtang Isolated Compulsory Drug Rehabilitation Center in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Xiangya, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuping Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Xiangya, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Xiangya, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongxian Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Xiangya, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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166
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Miller J, Atala R, Sarangarm D, Tohen M, Sharma S, Bhatt S, Khafaja M, Kroth PJ, Cruz M. Methamphetamine Abuse Trends in Psychiatric Emergency Services: A Retrospective Analysis Using Big Data. Community Ment Health J 2020; 56:959-962. [PMID: 31997123 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00563-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This exploratory retrospective study assessed demographic and hospital utilization characteristics of patients presenting with methamphetamine use to an urban psychiatric emergency service in New Mexico. METHODS De-identified data from patients presenting to PES from 2011 to 2015 were extracted from our health system. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the study population. We employed bivariate analyses to assess the relationship between methamphetamine use and patient demographics. RESULTS Methamphetamine use increased faster than any other drug tested during the study's time period. Compared to non-methamphetamine patients, methamphetamine use was associated with a shorter PES stay when the patient was in the PES more than 12 h. CONCLUSIONS Patients with methamphetamine use are increasingly seeking emergency psychiatric evaluations. Methamphetamine use may impact certain racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic classes disproportionately. Further health service delivery studies are needed to develop clear, evidence-based interventions and policy recommendations to address the methamphetamine crisis in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Robby Atala
- Health Sciences Library and Informatics Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Dusadee Sarangarm
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Mauricio Tohen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Shiva Sharma
- Department of Preventative Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Snehal Bhatt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Mohamad Khafaja
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Phillip J Kroth
- Health Sciences Library and Informatics Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Mario Cruz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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167
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Shukla M, Vincent B. The multi-faceted impact of methamphetamine on Alzheimer's disease: From a triggering role to a possible therapeutic use. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 60:101062. [PMID: 32304732 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been initially synthesized for therapeutic purposes and currently FDA-approved and prescribed for obesity, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy and depression, methamphetamine became a recreational drug that is nowadays massively manufactured illegally. Because it is a powerful and extremely addictive psychotropic agent, its abuse has turned out to become a major health problem worldwide. Importantly, the numerous effects triggered by this drug induce neurotoxicity in the brain ultimately leading to serious neurological impairments, tissue damage and neuropsychological disturbances that are reminiscent to most of the symptoms observed in Alzheimer's disease and other pathological manifestations in aging brain. In this context, there is a growing number of compelling evidence linking methamphetamine abuse with a higher probability of developing premature Alzheimer's disease and consequent neurodegeneration. This review proposes to establish a broad assessment of the effects that this drug can generate at the cellular and molecular levels in connection with the development of the age-related Alzheimer's disease. Altogether, the objective is to warn against the long-term effects that methamphetamine abuse may convey on young consumers and the increased risk of developing this devastating brain disorder at later stages of their lives, but also to discuss a more recently emerging concept suggesting a possible use of methamphetamine for treating this pathology under proper and strictly controlled conditions.
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168
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De Felice B, Mondellini S, Salgueiro-González N, Castiglioni S, Parolini M. Methamphetamine exposure modulated oxidative status and altered the reproductive output in Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 721:137728. [PMID: 32169646 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a central nervous system stimulant drug whose use has increased in the last few years worldwide. After the ingestion of even a single dose, METH is excreted by the organism and enters the aquatic ecosystems, whereby concentrations up to hundreds of ng/L were measured in both sewage and surface waters. Although the environmental concentrations are currently quite low, the high biological activity of METH might cause adverse effects towards non-target organisms. However, to date the information on METH toxicity towards aquatic organisms is limited. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating biochemical and behavioral effects induced by METH exposure towards the Cladoceran Daphnia magna. A 21-days exposure to two environmental concentrations of METH (50 ng/L and 500 ng/L) was performed. At selected time points (7, 14 and 21 days) the amount of pro-oxidant molecules, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) and levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured as oxidative stress-related endpoints. Changes in swimming activity and reproductive output were assessed as behavioral endpoints. METH exposure affected the oxidative status of D. magna specimens at both tested concentrations, although no oxidative damage occurred. Although METH did not modulate the swimming activity of D. magna, a significant, positive effect on reproductive output, in terms of number of offspring was found. Our results showed that low concentrations of METH might represent a threat for D. magna, affecting the health status of this aquatic species at different level of biological organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice De Felice
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Simona Mondellini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Noelia Salgueiro-González
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri - IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri - IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Parolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
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169
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Ferreira C, Almeida C, Tenreiro S, Quintas A. Neuroprotection or Neurotoxicity of Illicit Drugs on Parkinson's Disease. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10060086. [PMID: 32545328 PMCID: PMC7344445 DOI: 10.3390/life10060086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is currently the most rapid growing neurodegenerative disease and over the past generation, its global burden has more than doubled. The onset of PD can arise due to environmental, sporadic or genetic factors. Nevertheless, most PD cases have an unknown etiology. Chemicals, such as the anthropogenic pollutant 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and amphetamine-type stimulants, have been associated with the onset of PD. Conversely, cannabinoids have been associated with the treatment of the symptoms'. PD and medical cannabis is currently under the spotlight, and research to find its benefits on PD is on-going worldwide. However, the described clinical applications and safety of pharmacotherapy with cannabis products are yet to be fully supported by scientific evidence. Furthermore, the novel psychoactive substances are currently a popular alternative to classical drugs of abuse, representing an unknown health hazard for young adults who may develop PD later in their lifetime. This review addresses the neurotoxic and neuroprotective impact of illicit substance consumption in PD, presenting clinical evidence and molecular and cellular mechanisms of this association. This research area is utterly important for contemporary society since illicit drugs' legalization is under discussion which may have consequences both for the onset of PD and for the treatment of its symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ferreira
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal; (C.F.); (C.A.)
- Laboratório de Ciências Forenses e Psicológicas Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário–Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, P-4200–319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Almeida
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal; (C.F.); (C.A.)
| | - Sandra Tenreiro
- CEDOC–Chronic Diseases Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, P-1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Alexandre Quintas
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal; (C.F.); (C.A.)
- Laboratório de Ciências Forenses e Psicológicas Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário–Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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170
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Boroujeni ME, Nasrollahi A, Boroujeni PB, Fadaeifathabadi F, Farhadieh M, Tehrani AM, Nakhaei H, Sajedian AM, Peirouvi T, Aliaghaei A. Exposure to methamphetamine exacerbates motor activities and alters circular RNA profile of cerebellum. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 144:1-8. [PMID: 32576439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant drug that acts on monoaminergic systems in the brain. There are several lines of evidence indicating the devastating effects of addictive drugs on the cerebellum. Moreover, it was shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) have an important role in neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we explored the effects of METH on neuronal degeneration, motor coordination and muscle activity. We also inspected METH-mediated changes in circRNA expression profiling in the cerebellum. Accordingly, exposure to METH triggered destructive effects on the coordination of movement of rats along with disturbed muscle activity. The fluorescent staining exhibited a significant increase in neurodegeneration in the cerebellum under the influence of METH. Besides, the number of calbindin positive Purkinje cells noticeably declined in METH-treated group compared with the control. In this regard, we identified and characterized differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs in the cerebellum under METH treatment, mainly located in dendritic spines. Moreover, based on feature and function analyzes of host genes of DE circRNAs, a large number of these genes were essentially involved in cell growth, death, inflammation and oxidative metabolism. Taken together, this data might imply the potential involvement of circRNAs in METH neurotoxicity as well as motor activity deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Eskandarian Boroujeni
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland; Cell Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Nasrollahi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Fadaeifathabadi
- Cell Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ava Modirzadeh Tehrani
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hosein Nakhaei
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Masoud Sajedian
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Peirouvi
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Cell Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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171
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Reddy PKV, Ng TMH, Oh EE, Moady G, Elkayam U. Clinical Characteristics and Management of Methamphetamine-Associated Cardiomyopathy: State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016704. [PMID: 32468897 PMCID: PMC7428977 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine‐associated cardiomyopathy (MACM) is an increasingly recognized disease entity in the context of a rapidly spreading methamphetamine epidemic. MACM may afflict individuals with a wide range of ages and socioeconomic backgrounds. Presentations can vary greatly and may involve several complications unique to the disease. Given the public health significance of this disease, there is a relative dearth of consensus material to guide clinicians in understanding, diagnosing, and managing MACM. This review therefore aims to: (1) describe pathologic mechanisms of methamphetamine as they pertain to the development, progression, and prognosis of MACM, and the potential to recover cardiac function; (2) summarize existing data from epidemiologic studies and case series in an effort to improve recognition and diagnosis of the disease; (3) guide short‐ and long‐term management of MACM with special attention to expected or potential sequelae of the disease; and (4) highlight pivotal unanswered questions in need of urgent investigation from a public health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan K V Reddy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
| | - Tien M H Ng
- School of Pharmacy University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
| | - Esther E Oh
- School of Pharmacy University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
| | - Gassan Moady
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
| | - Uri Elkayam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA
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172
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Identifying Methamphetamine Dependence Using Regional Homogeneity in BOLD Signals. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/3267949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine is a highly addictive drug of abuse, which will cause a series of abnormal consequences mentally and physically. This paper is aimed at studying whether the abnormalities of regional homogeneity (ReHo) could be effective features to distinguish individuals with methamphetamine dependence (MAD) from control subjects using machine-learning methods. We made use of resting-state fMRI to measure the regional homogeneity of 41 individuals with MAD and 42 age- and sex-matched control subjects and found that compared with control subjects, individuals with MAD have lower ReHo values in the right medial superior frontal gyrus but higher ReHo values in the right temporal inferior fusiform. In addition, AdaBoost classifier, a pretty effective ensemble learning of machine learning, was employed to classify individuals with MAD from control subjects with abnormal ReHo values. By utilizing the leave-one-out cross-validation method, we got the accuracy more than 84.3%, which means we can almost distinguish individuals with MAD from the control subjects in ReHo values via machine-learning approaches. In a word, our research results suggested that the AdaBoost classifier-neuroimaging approach may be a promising way to find whether a person has been addicted to methamphetamine, and also, this paper shows that resting-state fMRI should be considered as a biomarker, a noninvasive and effective assistant tool for evaluating MAD.
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173
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Pasha AK, Chowdhury A, Sadiq S, Fairbanks J, Sinha S. Substance use disorders: diagnosis and management for hospitalists. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2020; 10:117-126. [PMID: 32850046 PMCID: PMC7425622 DOI: 10.1080/20009666.2020.1742495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorder is a significant health concern. Hospitalists manage patient with various forms of substance use disorder on a daily basis. In this review, we have tried to synthesize evidence together to give a brief, yet succinct, review of commonly encounters disorders; alcohol intoxication and withdrawal, opioid intoxication and withdrawal, cocaine intoxication and methamphetamine intoxication. We describe clinical features, diagnosis and management, which would serve as a great resource for hospitalist when managing these complicated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K Pasha
- Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Southwest Minnesota Region, Mankato, MN, USA
| | - Arnab Chowdhury
- Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Southwest Minnesota Region, Mankato, MN, USA
| | - Sanah Sadiq
- Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Southwest Minnesota Region, Mankato, MN, USA
| | - Jeremiah Fairbanks
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Mankato, MN, USA
| | - Shirshendu Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Southwest Minnesota Region and Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mankato, MN, USA
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174
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Soo JY, Wiese MD, Dyson RM, Gray CL, Clarkson AN, Morrison JL, Berry MJ. Methamphetamine administration increases hepatic CYP1A2 but not CYP3A activity in female guinea pigs. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233010. [PMID: 32396581 PMCID: PMC7217439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine use has increased over the past decade and the first use of methamphetamine is most often when women are of reproductive age. Methamphetamine accumulates in the liver; however, little is known about the effect of methamphetamine use on hepatic drug metabolism. Methamphetamine was administered on 3 occassions to female Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs of reproductive age, mimicking recreational drug use. Low doses of test drugs caffeine and midazolam were administered after the third dose of methamphetamine to assess the functional activity of cytochrome P450 1A2 and 3A, respectively. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the mRNA expression of factors involved in glucocorticoid signalling, inflammation, oxidative stress and drug transporters. This study showed that methamphetamine administration decreased hepatic CYP1A2 mRNA expression, but increased CYP1A2 enzyme activity. Methamphetamine had no effect on CYP3A enzyme activity. In addition, we found that methamphetamine may also result in changes in glucocorticoid bioavailability, as we found a decrease in 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 mRNA expression, which converts inactive cortisone into active cortisol. This study has shown that methamphetamine administration has the potential to alter drug metabolism via the CYP1A2 metabolic pathway in female guinea pigs. This may have clinical implications for drug dosing in female methamphetamine users of reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yin Soo
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael D. Wiese
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rebecca M. Dyson
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Clint L. Gray
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew N. Clarkson
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- * E-mail: (JLM); (MJB)
| | - Mary J. Berry
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- * E-mail: (JLM); (MJB)
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175
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Wang Z, Han S, Cai M, Du P, Zhang Z, Li X. Environmental behavior of methamphetamine and ketamine in aquatic ecosystem: Degradation, bioaccumulation, distribution, and associated shift in toxicity and bacterial community. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 174:115585. [PMID: 32105996 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine (KET) and methamphetamine (METH) have been recognized as emerging contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. This paper aimed to investigate the environmental behaviour, including the degradation, distribution, and bioaccumulation, of METH, KET, and their main metabolites (amphetamine (AMP) and norketamine (NorKET)). The changes in acute toxicity in the aqueous phase and in the bacterial community in sediment were determined to assess the associated eco-risk of the drug exposure. Five types of lab-scale aquatic ecosystems were established and exposed to KET or METH for 40 days: a water- sediment- organisms- KET system (K), a water- sediment- organisms- METH system (M), a water- sediment- organism- METH- KET system (M + K), a water-sediment- KET- METH system (control), and a water- sediment- organisms system (biocontrol). The results demonstrated that much faster degradation occurred for both METH (t1/2 = 3.89 and 2.37 days in the M and M + K group, respectively) and KET(t1/2 = 5.69 days 5.39 days in the K group and M + K group, respectively) than in the control group (t1/2 = 7.83 and 86.71days for METH and KET, respectively). Rapid adsorption of KET, METH, and their metabolites was observed in the sediment, which had clay and silt as the main particle sizes. KET was observed to be absorbed by shallow-water fish (Chinese medaka, rosy bitterling and mosquito fish), while METH was dominantly ingested by bottom-dwellers (loach). Duckweed might play a crucial role in the dissipation process of METH and KET, which were mainly adsorbed by duckweed roots. During incubation, the acute toxic levels in the K and M + K groups changed from non-toxic to medium toxicity levels, and the toxicity in the M and control groups changed from non-toxic to low toxicity levels. Moreover, marked changes in the bacterial community in the sediment induced by METH or KET exposure were observed, and the most significant change in the bacterial community was observed in the group spiked with both METH and KET. This work for the first time elucidated the environmental behaviors of METH and KET in aquatic ecosystem and associated the impact on ecological system equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglu Wang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China; Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China
| | - Sheng Han
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Min Cai
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, PR China
| | - Peng Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Zhaobin Zhang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Xiqing Li
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
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176
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Zwartsen A, Hondebrink L, de Lange DW, Westerink RHS. Hyperthermia exacerbates the acute effects of psychoactive substances on neuronal activity measured using microelectrode arrays (MEAs) in rat primary cortical cultures in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 397:115015. [PMID: 32320794 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthermia is a well-known, potentially life-threatening, side effect of stimulant psychoactive substances that worsens the neurological outcome of hospitalized patients. However, current in vitro methods to assess the hazard of psychoactive substances do not account for hyperthermia. Therefore, this study determined the potency of five psychoactive substances (cocaine, MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), methamphetamine, 3-MMC (3-methylmethcathinone) and TFMPP (3-trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine)) to affect neuronal activity at physiological and hyperthermic conditions. Neuronal activity of rat cortical cultures grown on microelectrode arrays (MEAs) was recorded at 37 °C before exposure. Following 30 min and 4.5 h drug exposure (1-1000 μM) at 37 °C or 41 °C, neuronal activity was measured at either 37 °C or 41 °C. Without drug exposure, hyperthermia induced a modest decrease in neuronal activity. Following acute (30 min) exposure at 37 °C, all drugs concentration-dependently inhibited neuronal activity. Increasing the temperature to 41 °C significantly exacerbated the reduction of neuronal activity ~ 2-fold for all drugs compared to 37 °C. Prolonged (4.5 h) exposure at 41 °C decreased neuronal activity comparable to 37 °C. Neuronal activity (partly) recovered following drug exposure at both temperatures, although recovery from exposure at 41 °C was less pronounced for most drugs. None of the exposure conditions affected viability. Since acute exposure at hyperthermic conditions exacerbates the decrease in neuronal activity induced by psychoactive substances, effects of hyperthermia should be included in future hazard assessment of illicit drugs and new psychoactive substances (NPS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Zwartsen
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Division Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Dutch Poisons Information Center (DPIC), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Hondebrink
- Dutch Poisons Information Center (DPIC), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dylan W de Lange
- Dutch Poisons Information Center (DPIC), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Remco H S Westerink
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Division Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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177
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Hein ZM, Kraiwattanapirom N, Mukda S, Chetsawang B. The induction of Neuron-Glial2 (NG2) expressing cells in methamphetamine toxicity-induced neuroinflammation in rat brain are averted by melatonin. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 344:577232. [PMID: 32311585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Neuron-Glial2 (NG2) expressing cells are described as the oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the brain. This study aimed to investigate the possible involvement of NG2 cells under the methamphetamine (METH)-induced neurotoxicity and neuroprotective capacity of melatonin. The results showed that the levels of NG2 in rat brain gradually increase from postnatal day 0 to postnatal day 8 and then the lower levels of NG2 are shown in adults. In adult rats, the levels of NG2 and COX-2 in the brain were significantly increased in lipopolysaccharide treatment. Pretreatment of 10 mg/kg melatonin prior to treating with METH was able to reduce an increase in the levels of NG2 and activation in astrocyte and microglia. These findings would extend the contribution of NG2 expressing cells in the adult brain during pathological conditions such as neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaw Myo Hein
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Natcharee Kraiwattanapirom
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sujira Mukda
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Banthit Chetsawang
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
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178
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Traumatic brain injury and methamphetamine: A double-hit neurological insult. J Neurol Sci 2020; 411:116711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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179
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Zhao D, Li Y, Liu T, Voon V, Yuan TF. Twice-Daily Theta Burst Stimulation of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Reduces Methamphetamine Craving: A Pilot Study. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:208. [PMID: 32273837 PMCID: PMC7113524 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) holds potential promise as a therapeutic modality for disorders of addiction. Our previous findings indicate that high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the left dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and low-frequency rTMS over the right DLPFC can reduce drug craving for methamphetamine. One major issue with rTMS is the duration of treatment and hence potential dropout rate. Theta burst stimulation (TBS) has been recently shown to be non-inferior relative to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depression. Here, we aim to compare the clinical efficacy and tolerability of intermittent and continuous theta burst stimulation protocols targeting left or right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on methamphetamine craving in abstinent-dependent subjects. METHODS In this randomized single-blind pilot study, 83 abstinent methamphetamine-dependent subjects from a long-term residential treatment program were randomly allocated into three groups: intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) over the left DLPFC (active group), continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) over the left DLPFC (active control group), or cTBS over the right DLPFC (active group) was administered twice daily over 5 days for a total of 10 sessions. We measured the primary outcome of cue-induced craving and secondarily sleep quality, depression, anxiety, impulsivity scores, and adverse effects. RESULTS We show a pre- vs. postintervention effect on craving, which, on paired t tests, showed that the effect was driven by iTBS of the left DLPFC and cTBS of the right DLPFC, reducing cue-induced craving but not cTBS of the left DLPFC. We did not show the critical group-by-time interaction. The secondary outcomes of depression, anxiety, and sleep were unrelated to the improvement in craving in the left iTBS and right cTBS group. In the first two sessions, self-reported adverse effects were higher with left iTBS when compared to right cTBS. The distribution of craving change suggested greater clinical response (50% improvement) with right cTBS and a bimodal pattern of effect with left iTBS, suggesting high interindividual variable response in the latter. CONCLUSION Accelerated twice-daily TBS appears feasible and tolerable at modulating craving and mood changes in abstinent methamphetamine dependence critically while reducing session length. We emphasize the need for a larger randomized controlled trial study with a sham control to confirm these findings and longer duration of clinically relevant follow-up. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry number, 17013610.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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180
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Torre P, Reed MB. Self-Reported Drug Use and Hearing Measures in Young Adults. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2020; 63:885-895. [PMID: 32163315 DOI: 10.1044/2019_jslhr-19-00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine marijuana or other substance use on pure-tone thresholds and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in young adults. Method Young adults (n = 243; 182 women, 61 men; M age = 20.9 years, SD = 2.7 years) participated in this study. Survey data included personal music system use, marijuana use, and misuse of prescription medications. Otoscopy, tympanometry, pure-tone audiometry, and DPOAEs were obtained. Pure tones from octave frequencies of 0.25 through 8 kHz were obtained, and DPOAEs were recorded between f2 frequencies of 1 and 6 kHz using two continuously presented stimulus tones swept in frequency. Results Those who reported marijuana or stimulant use had similar pure-tone averages (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz) compared to those who reported never using marijuana or stimulants. Women who reported marijuana use in the past 30 days > two times had statistically significant higher mean DPOAEs compared to women who reported ≤ two times or no marijuana use in the past 30 days. Men, however, who reported marijuana use in the past 30 days > two times had lower, but not statistically significant, mean DPOAEs compared to men who reported ≤ two times or no marijuana use in the past 30 days. Women who reported ever using stimulants had statistically significant higher mean DPOAEs compared to women who reported never using stimulants; for men, mean DPOAEs were similar between those who reported ever using stimulants and those who never used stimulants. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate different and contradictory associations between marijuana use, stimulant use, and hearing outcomes as a function of sex. Future research is needed to explore these associations utilizing larger sample sizes while accounting for additional harmful exposures to other noise exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Torre
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, CA
| | - Mark B Reed
- College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, CA
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181
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He Y, Zhai J, Liu Y. Association of methamphetamine use with depressive symptoms and gender differences in this association: a meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2020.1736659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin He
- School of Education, Education Science Research Center, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Zhai
- Department of Social Work, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- School of Education, Education Science Research Center, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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182
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Sanchez Lozano CD, Wilkins C, Rychert M. Investigating the New Zealand policy response to methamphetamine-contaminated houses. Drug Test Anal 2020; 12:691-703. [PMID: 32103633 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The contamination of houses from clandestine methamphetamine manufacture emerged as an issue in New Zealand in the early 2000s. This perspective reviews and discusses the series of policies developed to address methamphetamine contamination in New Zealand houses over a 15-year period, ending with the reversal of the established policy approach in 2018. The policies addressing methamphetamine contamination of New Zealand properties were influenced by a range of sources including overseas scientific guidelines, local scientific reviews, public housing agency policies, and the local methamphetamine testing industry. A post-remediation methamphetamine level of 0.5 μg/100 cm2 was initially implemented in 2010, leading to the termination of public housing tenancies, suspensions from the public housing list, and financial charges for decontamination on public housing tenants. Subsequent reviews of the policy led to some increase in the thresholds (up to 1.5-3.8 μg/100 cm2 ) and the adoption of less punitive sanction processes. A scientific review in 2018 recommended a substantial threshold increase to 15 μg/100 cm2 (a 30-fold increase on the 2010 standard), resulting in HNZ initiating a plan to compensate previously sanctioned tenants. Overreliance on the "precautionary principle"; strict interpretation of scientific guidelines; and the public housing agency's "zero tolerance approach" to drug use, contributed to an overly punitive policy approach to methamphetamine contamination in New Zealand that negatively impacted vulnerable public housing tenants, landlords, and property owners. Investigation into the extent that all possible influences had on the development of the policies, as well as the consequences of their implementation, should be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Wilkins
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marta Rychert
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
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183
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Keller CM, Spence AL, Stevens MW, Owens SM, Guerin GF, Goeders NE. Effects of a methamphetamine vaccine, IXT-v100, on methamphetamine-related behaviors. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:655-667. [PMID: 31758209 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Vaccines have been developed as a potential treatment for methamphetamine (meth) use disorder (MUD). Immunization with the meth vaccine IXT-v100 has previously been shown to elicit antibodies with high affinity for meth and thus may be an effective treatment for MUD. OBJECTIVES These studies were designed to determine the efficacy of IXT-v100 on meth-taking and meth-seeking behaviors in rats. METHODS In the acquisition and maintenance study, male and female rats were trained to self-administer meth (0.06 mg/kg/infusion) over an 8-week period following vaccination. In the last 4 weeks, the dose of meth was increased or decreased each week. To assess meth-seeking behavior, the meth-primed reactivity model was used. Rats were trained to self-administer meth for 5 weeks, followed by a 5-week or 11-week forced abstinence period during which the animals were vaccinated. Rats were then placed back into the self-administration chamber immediately after being injected with meth (1 mg/kg, i.p.) but did not receive meth during the session. Responses were recorded and used as a measure of meth seeking. RESULTS Results from the acquisition and maintenance study in Wistar rats show that vaccination with IXT-v100 adjuvanted with glucopyranosyl lipid A stable emulsion decreases the percentage of animals that will self-administer a moderate level of meth. In the meth-primed reactivity studies, results from males showed that vaccination significantly attenuates meth-seeking behavior. CONCLUSION Together, these results suggest vaccination with IXT-v100 may be effective at decreasing meth-taking and meth-seeking behaviors in humans suffering with MUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Keller
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA.
| | - Allyson L Spence
- Regis University School of Pharmacy, 3333 Regis Boulevard, Denver, CO, 80221, USA
| | - Misty W Stevens
- InterveXion Therapeutics, LLC, 4301 W. Markham St. #831, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - S Michael Owens
- InterveXion Therapeutics, LLC, 4301 W. Markham St. #831, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. #611, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Glenn F Guerin
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Nicholas E Goeders
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
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184
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Resting-state effective connectivity in the motive circuit of methamphetamine users: A case controlled fMRI study. Behav Brain Res 2020; 383:112498. [PMID: 31978492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) and other psychostimulants target the motive circuit of the brain, which is involved in reward, behavioral sensitization, and relapse to drug-seeking/taking behavior. In spite of this fact, the data regarding the effective connectivity (EC) in this circuit among MA users is scarce. The present study aimed to assess resting-state EC in the motive circuit of MA users during abstinence using the fMRI technique. Seventeen MA users after abstinence and 18 normal controls were examined using a 3 T Siemens fMRI scanner. After extracting time series of the motive circuit, EC differences in the motive circuit were analyzed using dynamic causal modeling (DCM). The findings revealed that abstinent MA users had an enhanced EC from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to the ventral palladium (VP) (PFC→VP) and on the mediodorsal thalamus (MD) self-loop (MD→MD), but they showed a decreased connectivity on the VP self-loop (VP→VP) compared to healthy controls. The findings suggest that abstinent MA users may suffer from a limited pathology in connectivity within the motive circuit involved in reward, behavioral sensitization, and relapse. The enhanced PFC→VP seems to be a compensatory mechanism to control or regulate the subcortical regions involved in reward and behavioral sensitization. Furthermore, the enhanced connectivity on the MD self-loop and the decreased connectivity on the VP self-loop in abstinent MA users may, at least partially, affect the output of the limbic system, which can be seen in the behavioral sensitization and relapse processes. Nonetheless, further investigation in this area is strongly recommended to elucidate the exact mechanisms involved.
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185
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Sern KR, Fultz EK, Coelho MA, Bryant CD, Szumlinski KK. A prior history of binge-drinking increases sensitivity to the motivational valence of methamphetamine in female C57BL/6J mice. SUBSTANCE ABUSE-RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2020; 14:1178221819897073. [PMID: 32009790 PMCID: PMC6971957 DOI: 10.1177/1178221819897073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) and alcohol use disorders exhibit a high degree of co-morbidity and sequential alcohol-MA mixing increases risk for co-abuse. Recently, we reported greater MA-conditioned reward in male C57BL/6J mice with a prior history of binge alcohol-drinking (14 days of 2-hour access to 5, 10, 20 and 40% alcohol). As female mice tend to binge-drink more alcohol than males and females tend to be more sensitive than males to the psychomotor-activating properties of MA, we first characterized the effects of binge-drinking upon MA-induced place-conditioning (four pairings of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 mg/kg IP) in females and then incorporated our prior data to analyze for sex differences in MA-conditioned reward. Prior binge-drinking history did not significantly affect locomotor hyperactivity or its sensitization in female mice. However, the dose-response function for place-conditioning was shifted to the left of water-drinking controls, indicating an increase in sensitivity to MA-conditioned reward. The examination of sex differences revealed no sex differences in alcohol intake, although females exhibited greater MA-induced locomotor stimulation than males, irrespective of their prior drinking history. No statistically significant sex difference was apparent for the potentiation of MA-conditioned reward produced by prior binge-drinking history. If relevant to humans, these data argue that both males and females with a prior binge-drinking history are similarly vulnerable to MA abuse and it remains to be determined whether or not the neural substrates underpinning this increased vulnerability reflect common or sex-specific adaptations in reward-related brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Sern
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Elissa K Fultz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Michal A Coelho
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Camron D Bryant
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen K Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular, Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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186
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Lai CC, Fang C, Kuo CY, Wu YW, Lin HH. Activation of mGluR5 and NMDA Receptor Pathways in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla as a Central Mechanism for Methamphetamine-Induced Pressor Effect in Rats. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010149. [PMID: 31963318 PMCID: PMC7022376 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute hypertension produced by methamphetamine (MA) is well known, mainly by the enhancement of catecholamine release from sympathetic terminals. However, the central pressor mechanism of the blood-brain-barrier-penetrating molecule remains unclear. We used radio-telemetry and femoral artery cannulation to monitor the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in conscious free-moving and urethane-anesthetized rats, respectively. Expression of Fos protein (Fos) and phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit GluN1 in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) were detected using Western blot analysis. ELISA was carried out for detection of protein kinase C (PKC) activity in the RVLM. MA-induced glutamate release in the RVLM was assayed using in vivo microdialysis and HPLC. Systemic or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of MA augments the MAP and increases Fos expression, PKC activity, and phosphorylated GluN1-ser 896 (pGluN1-ser 896) in the RVLM. However, direct microinjection of MA into the RVLM did not change the MAP. Unilateral microinjection of a PKC inhibitor or a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) antagonist into the RVLM dose-dependently attenuated the i.c.v. MA-induced increase in MAP and pGluN1-ser 896. Our data suggested that MA may give rise to glutamate release in the RVLM further to the activation of mGluR5-PKC pathways, which would serve as a central mechanism for the MA-induced pressor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chia Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Chi Fang
- Master Program in Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (C.F.); (C.-Y.K.); (Y.-W.W.)
| | - Chung-Yi Kuo
- Master Program in Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (C.F.); (C.-Y.K.); (Y.-W.W.)
| | - Ya-Wen Wu
- Master Program in Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (C.F.); (C.-Y.K.); (Y.-W.W.)
| | - Hsun-Hsun Lin
- Master Program in Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (C.F.); (C.-Y.K.); (Y.-W.W.)
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-856-5301 (ext. 2124)
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187
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Aguilar MA, García-Pardo MP, Parrott AC. Of mice and men on MDMA: A translational comparison of the neuropsychobiological effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ('Ecstasy'). Brain Res 2020; 1727:146556. [PMID: 31734398 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
MDMA (3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine), also known as Ecstasy, is a stimulant drug recreationally used by young adults usually in dance clubs and raves. Acute MDMA administration increases serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline by reversing the action of the monoamine transporters. In this work, we review the studies carried out over the last 30 years on the neuropsychobiological effects of MDMA in humans and mice and summarise the current knowledge. The two species differ with respect to the neurochemical consequences of chronic MDMA, since it preferentially induces serotonergic dysfunction in humans and dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice. However, MDMA alters brain structure and function and induces hormonal, psychomotor, neurocognitive, psychosocial and psychiatric outcomes in both species, as well as physically damaging and teratogen effects. Pharmacological and genetic studies in mice have increased our knowledge of the neurochemical substrate of the multiple effects of MDMA. Future work in this area may contribute to developing pharmacological treatments for MDMA-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Aguilar
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | - Andrew C Parrott
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
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188
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Mei DS, Cai YJ, Wang FM, Ma BM, Liu HF, Zhou WH, Xu JP. Reciprocal Substitution Between Methamphetamine and Heroin in Terms of Reinforcement Effects in Rats. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:750. [PMID: 32848928 PMCID: PMC7411143 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heroin and methamphetamine are both popular illicit drugs in China. Previous clinical data showed that habitual users of either heroin or methamphetamine abuse the other drug for substitution in case of unavailability of their preferred drug. The present study aimed to observe whether heroin can substitute the methamphetamine reinforcement effect in rats, and vice versa. Rats were trained to self-administer heroin or methamphetamine (both 50 μg/kg/infusion) under an FR1 reinforcing schedule for 10 days. After having extracted the dose-effect curve of the two drugs, we administered methamphetamine at different doses (12.5-200 μg/kg/infusion) to replace heroin during the period of self-administration, and vice versa. The heroin dose-effect curve showed an inverted U-shaped trend, and the total intake dose of heroin significantly increased when the training dose increased from 50 to 100 or 200 μg/kg/infusion. Following replacement with methamphetamine, the total dose-effect curve shifted leftwards and upwards. By contrast, although the dose-effect curve of methamphetamine also showed an inverted U-shaped trend, the total dose of methamphetamine significantly decreased when the training dose decreased from 50 to 25 μg/kg/infusion; conversely, when the methamphetamine training dose increased, the total dose did not change significantly. The total dose-effect curve shifted rightwards after heroin was substituted with methamphetamine. Although heroin and methamphetamine had their own independent reward effects, low doses of methamphetamine can replace the heroin reward effect, while high doses of heroin can replace the methamphetamine reward effect. These results demonstrated that heroin and methamphetamine can substitute each other in terms of reinforcement effects in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Sen Mei
- Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Addiction, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Yu-Jia Cai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Addiction, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Fang-Min Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Addiction, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Bao-Miao Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Addiction, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Hui-Fen Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Addiction, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China.,Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Addiction, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China.,Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiang-Ping Xu
- Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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189
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Levo-tetrahydropalmatine attenuates methamphetamine reward behavior and the accompanying activation of ERK phosphorylation in mice. Neurosci Lett 2020; 714:134416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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190
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Prabha SP, Sadhana S, Karthik C, Caroline DG. In vitro evaluation of Hydrilla verticillata for anti-adipogenesis activity on 3T3 L1 cell lines. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_234_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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191
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Liu L, Luo T, Dong H, Zhang C, Liu T, Zhang X, Hao W. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Analysis in Male Methamphetamine Users With Different Addiction Qualities. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:588229. [PMID: 33192735 PMCID: PMC7645035 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.588229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aimed to explore the genome-wide DNA methylation status of methamphetamine (MA) abusers with different qualities to addiction and to identify differentially methylated candidate genes. A total of 207 male MA abusers with an MA abuse frequency of ≥10 times and an MA abuse duration of ≥1 year were assigned to the high MA addiction quality group (HMAQ group; 168 subjects who met the diagnostic criteria for MA dependence according to the DSM-IV) or to the low MA addictive quality group (LMAQ group; 39 subjects who did not meet the criteria for MA dependence). In addition 105 healthy controls were recruited. Eight HMAQ subjects, eight LMAQ subjects, and eight healthy controls underwent genome-wide DNA methylation scans with an Infinium Human Methylation 450 array (Illumina). The differentially methylated region (DMR) data were entered into pathway analysis, and the differentially methylated position (DMP) data were screened for candidate genes and verified by MethyLight qPCR with all samples. Seven specific pathways with an abnormal methylation status were identified, including the circadian entrainment, cholinergic synapse, glutamatergic synapse, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, GABAergic synapse, morphine addiction and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. SLC1A6, BHLHB9, LYNX1, CAV2, and PCSK9 showed differences in their methylation levels in the three groups. Only the number of methylated copies of CAV2 was significantly higher in the LMAQ group than in the HMAQ group. Our findings suggest that the circadian entrainment pathway and the caveolin-2 gene may play key roles in MA addiction quality. Further studies on their functions and mechanisms will help us to better understand the pathogenesis of MA addiction and to explore new targets for drug intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Clinic Psychiatry, Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huixi Dong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
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192
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Guerin AA, Bonomo Y, Lawrence AJ, Baune BT, Nestler EJ, Rossell SL, Kim JH. Cognition and Related Neural Findings on Methamphetamine Use Disorder: Insights and Treatment Implications From Schizophrenia Research. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:880. [PMID: 31920743 PMCID: PMC6928591 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of methamphetamine (meth) use disorder, research on meth is disproportionately scarce compared to research on other illicit drugs. Existing evidence highlights cognitive deficits as an impediment against daily function and treatment of chronic meth use. Similar deficits are also observed in schizophrenia, and this review therefore draws on schizophrenia research by examining similarities and differences between the two disorders on cognition and related neural findings. While meth use disorder and schizophrenia are two distinct disorders, they are highly co-morbid and share impairments in similar cognitive domains and altered brain structure/function. This narrative review specifically identifies overlapping features such as deficits in learning and memory, social cognition, working memory and inhibitory/impulse control. We report that while working memory deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia, such deficits are inconsistently observed following chronic meth use. Similar structural and functional abnormalities are also observed in cortical and limbic regions between the two disorders, except for cingulate activity where differences are observed. There is growing evidence that targeting cognitive symptoms may improve functional outcome in schizophrenia, with evidence of normalized abnormal brain activity in regions associated with cognition. Considering the overlap between meth use disorder and schizophrenia, targeting cognitive symptoms in people with meth use disorder may also improve treatment outcome and daily function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A. Guerin
- Mental Health Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yvonne Bonomo
- Department of Addiction Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Women’s Alcohol and Drug Service, Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew John Lawrence
- Mental Health Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Eric J. Nestler
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Susan L. Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Mental Health Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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193
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Abstract
Untoward side effects of pharmaceuticals can result in considerable morbidity and expense to the health care system. There is likely a sizable fraction of the hypertensive population with disease either induced or exacerbated by polypharmacy. The elevation of blood pressure in drug-induced hypertension occurs through a variety of mechanisms, most notably, sodium and fluid retention, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, alteration of vascular tone, or a combination of these pathways. Recognition of common medications causing drug-induced hypertension is important to effectively control blood pressure. The epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of these agents are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Foy
- Division of Nephrology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, 5246 Brittany Dr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Joban Vaishnav
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Christopher John Sperati
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Room 416, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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194
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Proebstl L, Krause D, Kamp F, Hager L, Manz K, Schacht-Jablonowsky M, Straif M, Riebschläger M, Neumann S, Schreiber A, Soyka M, Koller G. Methamphetamine withdrawal and the restoration of cognitive functions - a study over a course of 6 months abstinence. Psychiatry Res 2019; 281:112599. [PMID: 31629302 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A continuously rising consumption of methamphetamine (MA) has been suggested to be associated with increasing cognitive dysfunction. The objective of this study was to investigate associations between cognitive functions and gender, drug using patterns and treatment-attending profiles of recently abstinent MA users over the course of six months abstinence. Data were collected from 108 participants in two inpatient rehabilitation centers. The mean duration of MA use was 11.5 years. Interviews and cognitive tests (cognitrone, Stroop, TMT, nback) were performed right after the withdrawal and again after approx. six months of abstinence. Comparisons and explorative analyses between the groups (gender, primary MA/ multidrug users, early dropouts/ completers) regarding cognitive variables were performed. At baseline a significant decline in general neuropsychological functioning and attention/concentration after ongoing years of consumption were found. After a period of six months abstinence, cognitive performances remained stable or improved significantly for cognitrone percentile and cognitive flexibility. Normal cognitive functions were measured in former MA users after acute withdrawal which remained stable and partly improved in those patients who refrained from substance abuse over six months. Continued long-term MA intake was the only identified indicator of poorer cognitive performance. These results point towards a regain of cognitive performance in patients abstinent from MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Proebstl
- LMU Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Daniela Krause
- LMU Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Felicia Kamp
- LMU Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Laura Hager
- LMU Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Kirsi Manz
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Maximilian Straif
- District Hospital Hochstadt, Hauptstraße 12, 96272 Hochstadt am Main, Germany.
| | | | - Stefanie Neumann
- MEDIAN Clinic Mecklenburg, Blumenstraße 3, 19217 Vitense, Germany.
| | - Anne Schreiber
- District Hospital Hochstadt, Hauptstraße 12, 96272 Hochstadt am Main, Germany.
| | - Michael Soyka
- LMU Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336 Munich, Germany; Medical Park Chiemseeblick, Rasthausstraße 25, 83233 Bernau am Chiemsee, Germany.
| | - Gabi Koller
- LMU Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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195
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Soares E, Pereira FC. Pharmacotherapeutic strategies for methamphetamine use disorder: mind the subgroups. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:2273-2293. [PMID: 31671001 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1681970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Drug use related deaths are increasing and the lack of effective treatment for psychostimulants can be largely held responsible. Particularly, no pharmacotherapy is approved for methamphetamine (METH) use disorder despite decades of research. Only psychosocial interventions are clinically used, with limited long-term recovery and relapse.Areas covered: This review aims to select and describe the most relevant findings to date. Selected clinical trials were found in PubMed using the following keywords ('methamphetamine') and ('addiction' OR 'withdrawal' OR 'treatment' OR 'pharmacotherapy'). Randomized placebo-controlled trials enrolling treatment-seeking METH-dependent subjects and inherent secondary analysis were included.Expert opinion: Overall, end-of-treatment abstinence, reduced METH use or lower relapse rates were seen on METH dependent subgroups or attained significance only following post hoc analysis, irrespective of the medication tested. For example, light and heavy METH users seem to respond differently to pharmacotherapy. This together with the heterogeneous nature of the METH dependent population strongly suggests that some drugs herein described (e.g. mirtazapine, methylphenidate) should be further tested in clinical trials focused on subgroups. Lastly, objective measures, such as urinalysis, are mandatory to include in clinical trials and early treatment response and/or medication compliance should be carefully monitored and considered as predictors of success/failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Soares
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Neuroscience, Vision and Brain Diseases, CNC.IBILI-University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Frederico C Pereira
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Neuroscience, Vision and Brain Diseases, CNC.IBILI-University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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196
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Charron E, Francis EC, Heavner-Sullivan SF, Truong KD. Disparities in Access to Mental Health Services Among Patients Hospitalized for Deliberate Drug Overdose. Psychiatr Serv 2019; 70:758-764. [PMID: 31084295 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors examined patient and hospitalization characteristics associated with receiving a mental health assessment and disposition to an inpatient psychiatric facility among patients hospitalized for deliberate drug overdose. METHODS This retrospective analysis of 2012-2013 South Carolina all-payer data included adults ages 18-64 with at least one inpatient admission for a primary diagnosis of deliberate illicit or pharmaceutical drug overdose (N=2,686). Outcomes were receipt of a mental health assessment and disposition to an inpatient psychiatric facility. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the effects of patient and hospitalization characteristics on study outcomes. RESULTS Non-Hispanic blacks and people of other races-ethnicities were less likely than non-Hispanic whites to receive a mental health assessment (non-Hispanic blacks, adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=0.52, 95% CI=0.34-0.81; other races-ethnicities, AOR=0.24, 95% CI=0.12-0.49). Non-Hispanic blacks were also less likely than non-Hispanic whites to be discharged to an inpatient psychiatric facility than to home (AOR=0.60, 95% CI=0.47-0.77). Compared with persons without insurance, those with insurance, except those with Medicaid, were more likely to be discharged to an inpatient psychiatric facility than to home (Medicare, AOR=3.06, 95% CI=2.36-3.96; private, AOR=2.78, 95% CI=2.23-3.47; other, AOR=7.58, 95% CI=4.21-13.6). CONCLUSIONS Non-Hispanic white race-ethnicity and having insurance were predictive of receipt of a mental health assessment and disposition to an inpatient psychiatric facility among patients hospitalized for deliberate drug overdose. Study findings can inform clinical strategies and interventions aimed at reducing mental health care disparities among populations who are vulnerable to overdose or suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Charron
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Ellen C Francis
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | | | - Khoa D Truong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
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197
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Abstract
Methamphetamine is a central nervous system stimulant that induces arousal, a positive mood, cardiac stimulation, and an acute improvement in cognitive domains. Its illicit exploitation is rapidly growing in North America. Typically, extended use of the drug induces organ damage via vasoconstriction and subsequent ischemia. This case specifically discusses hepatic and pancreatic pathology resulting from methamphetamine overdose alongside an unusual discovery of globally necrotic von Meyenburg complexes.
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198
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Choi Y, Raymer BK. Sleep modulating agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2025-2033. [PMID: 31307886 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sleep and wake are two fundamental states of human existence. Conditions such as insomnia and hypersomnia can have profound negative effects on human health. Many pharmacological interventions impacting sleep and wake are available or are under development. This brief digest surveys early approaches to sleep modulation and highlights recent developments in sleep modulating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggi Choi
- Discovery Chemistry, Alkermes, 852 Winter Street, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Brian K Raymer
- Discovery Research, Alkermes, 852 Winter Street, Waltham, MA, United States.
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Hacimusalar Y, Karaaslan O, Bal C, Kocer D, Gok G, Yildiz B. Methamphetamine’s effects on oxidative stress markers may continue after detoxification: a case–control study. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2019.1652414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Hacimusalar
- Department of Psychiatry, Yozgat Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ozgul Karaaslan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yozgat Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ceylan Bal
- Department of Biochemistry, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Kocer
- Department of Biochemistry, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gamze Gok
- Department of Biochemistry, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yildiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Kayseri State Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
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200
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Moshiri M, Ataee Z, Rahimi P, Ansari E, Etemad L. Successful Medical Management of Methamphetamine Induced Ileus; A Rare Case Report and Literature Review. Bull Emerg Trauma 2019; 7:320-323. [PMID: 31392234 DOI: 10.29252/beat-0703017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ileus is a very rare complication of methamphetamine (MET) intoxication. We herein report a 15-year-old non-addict girl who ingested about 5 gr of MET. She suffered from bowel obstruction manifestations. She was treated by intravenous metoclopramide and erythromycin. On next morning, she became restlessness with tachycardia and sweeting that was treated by intravenous diazepam. Abdominal-pelvic computerized tomography (CT) scan confirmed generalize dilatation in small intestine and more prominent in colon with no ischemia or mechanical obstruction. It also showed some hyperdense collections in ascending colon, sigmoid and rectum. MET was detected in her urine. On the third day, the bowel obstruction signs resolved. On fourth day, the prokinetic drugs were discontinued and whole bowel irrigation by polyethylene-glycol was performed. She passed the drug packages, and was discharged in well condition on fifth day. MET intoxication can induce ileus, specially, in the higher doses of MET and physicians should mention this rare MET presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moshiri
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Ataee
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parastoo Rahimi
- Veterinary Faculty of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Ansari
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Etemad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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