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152
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Whittock AL, Abiola TT, Stavros VG. A Perspective on Femtosecond Pump-Probe Spectroscopy in the Development of Future Sunscreens. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2299-2308. [PMID: 35394773 PMCID: PMC9036518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Given
the negative impacts of overexposure to ultraviolet radiation
(UVR) on humans, sunscreens have become a widely used product. Certain
ingredients within sunscreens are responsible for photoprotection
and these are known, collectively herein, as ultraviolet (UV) filters.
Generally speaking, organic UV filters work by absorbing the potentially
harmful UVR and dissipating this energy as harmless heat. This process
happens on picosecond time scales and so femtosecond pump–probe
spectroscopy (FPPS) is an ideal technique for tracking this energy
conversion in real time. Coupling FPPS with complementary techniques,
including steady-state spectroscopy and computational methods, can
provide a detailed mechanistic picture of how UV filters provide photoprotection.
As such, FPPS is crucial in aiding the future design of UV filters.
This Perspective sheds light on the advancements made over the past
two years on both approved and nature-inspired UV filters. Moreover,
we suggest where FPPS can be further utilized within sunscreen applications
for future considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Whittock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.,Analytical Science Centre for Doctoral Training, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Temitope T Abiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Vasilios G Stavros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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153
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Dumitraș DA, Andrei S. Recent Advances in the Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Activity of Various Plant Extracts and Constituents against Murine Malignant Melanoma. Molecules 2022; 27:2585. [PMID: 35458783 PMCID: PMC9028509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although conventional medicine, chemical drug synthesis and pharmaceutical research are advancing at a rapid pace, nature remains a major supplier of biological molecules. Natural bioactive compounds are studied closely especially as an alternative to the limitations of conventional therapy in many diseases, melanoma being one of them. Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive type of cancer, and the current methods of treatment used are cryotherapy, external surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, biological therapy, and targeted drug therapy. Unfortunately, these treatment methods are often inefficient, extremely expensive and cause many side effects, which is why focusing on melanoma chemoprevention and adjuvant therapy with natural herbal phytoconstituents is an emerging strategy to prevent, cure or treat melanoma. This review aims to examine the latest discoveries in terms of potential natural bioactive compounds that possess important activity against the development and spread of murine melanoma cancer. In particular, the use of different phytochemicals such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, terpenoids, essential oils and carotenoids in vitro and in vivo models will be discussed. These data are helpful in guiding researchers in the direction of studying phytonutrients with important effects in the prevention and treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanda Andrei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Mănăştur no. 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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154
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Nwanaji‐Enwerem JC, Boileau P, Galazka JM, Cardenas A. In vitro relationships of galactic cosmic radiation and epigenetic clocks in human bronchial epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2022; 63:184-189. [PMID: 35470505 PMCID: PMC9233067 DOI: 10.1002/em.22483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a well-appreciated health risk, precipitant of DNA damage, and contributor to DNA methylation variability. Nevertheless, relationships of ionizing radiation with DNA methylation-based markers of biological age (i.e. epigenetic clocks) remain poorly understood. Using existing data from human bronchial epithelial cells, we examined in vitro relationships of three epigenetic clock measures (Horvath DNAmAge, MiAge, and epiTOC2) with galactic cosmic radiation (GCR), which is particularly hazardous due to its high linear energy transfer (LET) heavy-ion components. High-LET 56Fe was significantly associated with accelerations in epiTOC2 (β = 192 cell divisions, 95% CI: 71, 313, p-value = .003). We also observed a significant, positive interaction of 56Fe ions and time-in-culture with epiTOC2 (95% CI: 42, 441, p-value = .019). However, only the direct 56Fe ion association remained statistically significant after adjusting for multiple hypothesis testing. Epigenetic clocks were not significantly associated with high-LET 28Si and low-LET X-rays. Our results demonstrate sensitivities of specific epigenetic clock measures to certain forms of GCR. These findings suggest that epigenetic clocks may have some utility for monitoring and better understanding the health impacts of GCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamaji C. Nwanaji‐Enwerem
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory Rollins School of Public Health, and Department of Emergency MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Center for Computational BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Philippe Boileau
- Graduate Group in Biostatistics and Center for Computational BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Andres Cardenas
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Center for Computational BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
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155
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Hong SB, Choi HW. A Study on UVC Photodetector Using Mixed-Cation Perovskite with High Detection Rate as Light-Absorption Layer. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071185. [PMID: 35407303 PMCID: PMC9000850 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a mixed-cation perovskite ultraviolet (UV) C photodetector was fabricated using a simple formamidinium iodide (FAI) post-treatment process. The fabricated device uses FAxMA1−xPbI3 perovskite as a light-absorption layer and SnO2, which has high transmittance in the UVC wavelength region, as an electron-transport layer. The fabricated device exhibited a response of 50.8 mA/W, detectability of 4.47 × 1013 Jones, and external quantum efficiency of 53%. Therefore, the approach used in this study is promising for many applications in the UVC wavelength region.
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156
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Mushtaq S. The Immunogenetics of Non-melanoma Skin Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1367:397-409. [PMID: 35286705 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common malignancy seen in Caucasians and includes basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The incidence of NMSC is showing an increasing trend which is attributed to the increased use of sunbeds, recreational sun exposure, aging population, and partly to improved screening and reporting. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays the most crucial role in the pathogenesis of both BCC and SCC by inducing DNA damage and mutagenic photoproducts. Other risk factors are fair skin, old age, genetic predisposition, immunosuppression, ionizing radiation, organic chemicals, and HPV infection. The role of genomic instability, genetic mutations/aberrations, and host immunity has been fairly illustrated in several studies. This chapter aims to discuss these aspects of NMSC in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabha Mushtaq
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Government Medical College & Associated Hospitals, University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, 180001, India.
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157
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Stability and Removal of Benzophenone-Type UV Filters from Water Matrices by Advanced Oxidation Processes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061874. [PMID: 35335237 PMCID: PMC8951480 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzophenone (BP) type UV filters are common environmental contaminants that are posing a growing health concern due to their increasing presence in water. Different studies have evidenced the presence of benzophenones (BP, BP-1, BP-2, BP-3, BP-4, BP-9, HPB) in several environmental matrices, indicating that conventional technologies of water treatment are not able to remove them. It has also been reported that these compounds could be associated with endocrine-disrupting activities, genotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity. This review focuses on the degradation kinetics and mechanisms of benzophenone-type UV filters and their degradation products (DPs) under UV and solar irradiation and in UV-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as UV/H2O2, UV/persulfate, and the Fenton process. The effects of various operating parameters, such as UV irradiation including initial concentrations of H2O2, persulfate, and Fe2+, on the degradation of tested benzophenones from aqueous matrices, and conditions that allow higher degradation rates to be achieved are presented. Application of nanoparticles such as TiO2, PbO/TiO2, and Sb2O3/TiO2 for the photocatalytic degradation of benzophenone-type UV filters was included in this review.
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158
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Yang TY, Chien TW, Lai FJ. Web-Based Skin Cancer Assessment and Classification Using Machine Learning and Mobile Computerized Adaptive Testing in a Rasch Model: Development Study. JMIR Med Inform 2022; 10:e33006. [PMID: 35262505 PMCID: PMC9282670 DOI: 10.2196/33006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Web-based computerized adaptive testing (CAT) implementation of the skin cancer (SC) risk scale could substantially reduce participant burden without compromising measurement precision. However, the CAT of SC classification has not been reported in academics thus far. Objective We aim to build a CAT-based model using machine learning to develop an app for automatic classification of SC to help patients assess the risk at an early stage. Methods We extracted data from a population-based Australian cohort study of SC risk (N=43,794) using the Rasch simulation scheme. All 30 feature items were calibrated using the Rasch partial credit model. A total of 1000 cases following a normal distribution (mean 0, SD 1) based on the item and threshold difficulties were simulated using three techniques of machine learning—naïve Bayes, k-nearest neighbors, and logistic regression—to compare the model accuracy in training and testing data sets with a proportion of 70:30, where the former was used to predict the latter. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic curve (area under the curve [AUC]), and CIs along with the accuracy and precision across the proposed models for comparison. An app that classifies the SC risk of the respondent was developed. Results We observed that the 30-item k-nearest neighbors model yielded higher AUC values of 99% and 91% for the 700 training and 300 testing cases, respectively, than its 2 counterparts using the hold-out validation but had lower AUC values of 85% (95% CI 83%-87%) in the k-fold cross-validation and that an app that predicts SC classification for patients was successfully developed and demonstrated in this study. Conclusions The 30-item SC prediction model, combined with the Rasch web-based CAT, is recommended for classifying SC in patients. An app we developed to help patients self-assess SC risk at an early stage is required for application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ya Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsair-Wei Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Jie Lai
- Department of Dermatology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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159
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Park GK, Jang W, Kim BY, Oh K, Kim YA, Kwon HJ, Kim S, Park BJ. Chemical constituents from
Hibiscus hamabo
and their antiphotoaging effects on
UVA
‐induced
CCD
‐986sk. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwee Kyo Park
- Skin & Natural Products Laboratory Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Wookju Jang
- Skin & Natural Products Laboratory Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Yun Kim
- Skin & Natural Products Laboratory Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Eon Oh
- Skin & Natural Products Laboratory Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - You Ah. Kim
- Skin & Natural Products Laboratory Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Joon Kwon
- Skin & Natural Products Laboratory Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Soo‐Young Kim
- National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Biological Resources Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Jun Park
- Skin & Natural Products Laboratory Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd Seoul Republic of Korea
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160
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Glenister K, Bougoulias M, Zgibor J, Bourke L, Simmons D. Self-reported skin cancer-related behaviours in rural Victoria: results from repeat cross-sectional studies in 2001-2003 and 2016-2018. Aust N Z J Public Health 2022; 46:382-386. [PMID: 35238449 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether self-reported use of sun-protective measures and skin examination have changed between 2001 and 2018 in a rural setting. METHODS Repeat cross-sectional survey of randomly selected households in four rural Victorian towns. People aged 16 years and older were eligible to participate. Logistic regression was used to identify demographic factors associated with sun-protective measures and skin examination. RESULTS Overall, 5,328 participated in 2001-2003 and 2,680 in 2016-2018. Among participants who go out in the sun, the mean number of reported sun-protective measures (2.6±1.3 vs. 2.6±1.6, p=0.867) and the proportion of participants reporting usually/always using sun protection (65.1% vs. 63.9%, p=0.307) were unchanged between the two surveys. However, an increased proportion of participants reported avoiding the sun when outdoors in the more recent survey (from 18.8% to 34.3%, p<0.001). Avoiding the sun was associated with being older, female, of European origin and having post-secondary school education. Skin examination rates increased between the two surveys (32.7% to 40.8%, p<0.001). Skin examinations were associated with older age groups, European origin and post-secondary school education and being male. CONCLUSIONS Given the small changes in sun protection over time, updated skin cancer campaigns are needed to encourage increased sun-protective behaviours and skin examinations among rural residents. Implications for public health: Results suggest that updated health promotion campaigns targeted to rural areas are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Bougoulias
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida Tampa, US
| | - Janice Zgibor
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida Tampa, US
| | - Lisa Bourke
- Department of Rural Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria
| | - David Simmons
- Department of Rural Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria.,Macarthur Clinical School, Western Sydney University, New South Wales
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161
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Chelladurai M, Margavelu G, Vijayakumar S, González-Sánchez ZI, Vijayan K, Sahadevan R. Preparation and characterization of amine-functionalized mupirocin-loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles: A potent drug delivery agent in targeting human epidermoid carcinoma (A431) cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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162
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163
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Rebl H, Sawade M, Hein M, Bergemann C, Wende M, Lalk M, Langer P, Emmert S, Nebe B. Synergistic effect of plasma-activated medium and novel indirubin derivatives on human skin cancer cells by activation of the AhR pathway. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2528. [PMID: 35169210 PMCID: PMC8847430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing number of human skin cancers and the limited effectiveness of therapies, research into innovative therapeutic approaches is of enormous clinical interest. In recent years, the use of cold atmospheric pressure plasma has become increasingly important as anti-cancer therapy. The combination of plasma with small molecules offers the potential of an effective, tumour-specific, targeted therapy. The synthesised glycosylated and non glycosylated thia-analogous indirubin derivatives KD87 and KD88, respectively, were first to be investigated for their pharmaceutical efficacy in comparison with Indirubin-3'-monoxime (I3M) on human melanoma (A375) and squamous cell carcinoma (A431) cells. In combinatorial studies with plasma-activated medium (PAM) and KD87 we determined significantly decreased cell viability and cell adhesion. Cell cycle analyses revealed a marked G2/M arrest by PAM and a clear apoptotic effect by the glycosylated indirubin derivative KD87 in both cell lines and thus a synergistic anti-cancer effect. I3M had a pro-apoptotic effect only in A431 cells, so we hypothesize a different mode of action of the indirubin derivatives in the two skin cancer cells, possibly due to a different level of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and an activation of this pathway by nuclear translocation of this receptor and subsequent activation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Rebl
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Marie Sawade
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Hein
- grid.10493.3f0000000121858338Institute for Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Claudia Bergemann
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Manuela Wende
- grid.5603.0Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- grid.5603.0Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Langer
- grid.10493.3f0000000121858338Institute for Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Emmert
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Barbara Nebe
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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164
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Angelé-Martínez C, Goncalves LCP, Premi S, Augusto FA, Palmatier MA, Amar SK, Brash DE. Triplet-Energy Quenching Functions of Antioxidant Molecules. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020357. [PMID: 35204239 PMCID: PMC8868474 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
UV-like DNA damage is created in the dark by chemiexcitation, in which UV-activated enzymes generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that create a dioxetane on melanin. Thermal cleavage creates an electronically excited triplet-state carbonyl whose high energy transfers to DNA. Screening natural compounds for the ability to quench this energy identified polyenes, polyphenols, mycosporine-like amino acids, and related compounds better known as antioxidants. To eliminate false positives such as ROS and RNS scavengers, we then used the generator of triplet-state acetone, tetramethyl-1,2-dioxetane (TMD), to excite the triplet-energy reporter 9,10-dibromoanthracene-2-sulfonate (DBAS). Quenching measured as reduction in DBAS luminescence revealed three clusters of 50% inhibitory concentration, ~50 μM, 200–500 μM, and >600 μM, with the former including sorbate, ferulic acid, and resveratrol. Representative triplet-state quenchers prevented chemiexcitation-induced “dark” cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (dCPD) in DNA and in UVA-irradiated melanocytes. We conclude that (i) the delocalized pi electron cloud that stabilizes the electron-donating activity of many common antioxidants allows the same molecule to prevent an electronically excited species from transferring its triplet-state energy to targets such as DNA and (ii) the most effective class of triplet-state quenchers appear to operate by energy diversion instead of electron donation and dissipate that energy by isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Angelé-Martínez
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA; (C.A.-M.); (L.C.P.G.); (S.P.); (F.A.A.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.A.)
| | - Leticia Christina Pires Goncalves
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA; (C.A.-M.); (L.C.P.G.); (S.P.); (F.A.A.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.A.)
| | - Sanjay Premi
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA; (C.A.-M.); (L.C.P.G.); (S.P.); (F.A.A.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.A.)
| | - Felipe A. Augusto
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA; (C.A.-M.); (L.C.P.G.); (S.P.); (F.A.A.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.A.)
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Meg A. Palmatier
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA; (C.A.-M.); (L.C.P.G.); (S.P.); (F.A.A.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.A.)
| | - Saroj K. Amar
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA; (C.A.-M.); (L.C.P.G.); (S.P.); (F.A.A.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.A.)
| | - Douglas E. Brash
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA; (C.A.-M.); (L.C.P.G.); (S.P.); (F.A.A.); (M.A.P.); (S.K.A.)
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8059, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8028, USA
- Correspondence:
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165
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Liu H, Yang H, Zhu K, Peng F, Guo L, Qi H. Facile fabrication of a polyvinyl alcohol-based hydrophobic fluorescent film via the Hantzsch reaction for broadband UV protection. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:815-824. [PMID: 34908090 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01783g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light is harmful to human health. However, the traditional preparation of anti-UV films through the doping of UV absorbers leads to unstable products. Chemical modification of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to fabricate functional derivatives expand the application of these materials. Herein, a 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) fluorescent ring with a conjugated structure as a strong UV-absorber group was introduced onto a polyvinyl alcohol acetoacetate (PVAA) film to improve its UV-blocking performance. Firstly, PVAA was prepared via transesterification using tert-butyl acetoacetate (t-BAA). Then, the Hantzsch reaction was carried out on the surface of the PVAA film at room temperature. The resulting film showed high transparency, bright fluorescence emission, good mechanical properties, and outstanding stability. The introduction of the hydrophobic carbon chain reduced the hydrophilicity and swelling capacity of the PVAA film. In addition, the conjugated structure endowed the fluorescent film with excellent UV-blocking performance, where almost 100% UVA and UVB spectra could be shielded. The UV-blocking properties of the prepared films were persistent when they were exposed to UV irradiation, solvents, and subjected to thermal treatment. This work presents a facile and environmentally-friendly strategy by which to fabricate a multifunctional PVA-based film, which holds great potential for application in the anti-counterfeiting and UV-blocking fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchen Liu
- College of Textiles, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Hongying Yang
- College of Textiles, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China.
| | - Kunkun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
| | - Fang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Lei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Haisong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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166
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Zang L, Shimada Y, Miyake H, Nishimura N. Transcriptome analysis of molecular response to UVC irradiation in zebrafish embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 231:113211. [PMID: 35051758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) rays can be both harmful and beneficial to humans. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity and safety of ultraviolet C (UVC) exposure in living organisms and the corresponding biodefense molecular mechanisms. Zebrafish embryos, at an early developmental stage (5-6 h post-fertilization), were irradiated with increasing UVC dosages using high-efficiency deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (278 nm). Morphological phenotypes including survival rate, hatching rate, heart rate, and malformation rate were evaluated. Compared to un-irradiated controls, all zebrafish embryos exposed to 4.5 mJ/cm2 UVC survived and showed no significant difference in hatching and heart rate. However, 7.5 mJ/cm2 of UVC irradiation caused a significantly decreased survival rate (37.5%) and an increased malformation rate (81.8%). Therefore, 4.5 mJ/cm2 was chosen as the limit dosage that the internal biodefense system of zebrafish embryos can protect against UVC radiation. Transcriptome analysis (RNA sequencing) performed on 3 min and 3 days post-irradiation embryos (4.5 mJ/cm2) revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of zebrafish embryos to irradiation. The embryos quickly responded to UVC-induced stress by activating the p53 signaling pathway. In addition, after 3 days of recuperation, the embryos showed activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the toxicological effects and the molecular mechanism of biodefense in zebrafish embryos upon 278 nm UVC irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Zang
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hideto Miyake
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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167
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Costello L, Dicolandrea T, Tasseff R, Isfort R, Bascom C, von Zglinicki T, Przyborski S. Tissue engineering strategies to bioengineer the ageing skin phenotype in vitro. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13550. [PMID: 35037366 PMCID: PMC8844123 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin ageing is a complex and heterogeneous process, which is influenced by genetically determined intrinsic factors and accelerated by cumulative exposure to extrinsic stressors. In the current world ageing demographic, there is a requirement for a bioengineered ageing skin model, to further the understanding of the intricate molecular mechanisms of skin ageing, and provide a distinct and biologically relevant platform for testing actives and formulations. There have been many recent advances in the development of skin models that recapitulate aspects of the ageing phenotype in vitro. This review encompasses the features of skin ageing, the molecular mechanisms that drive the ageing phenotype, and tissue engineering strategies that have been utilised to bioengineer ageing skin in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryan Tasseff
- Procter and Gamble Mason Business Center Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Robert Isfort
- Procter and Gamble Mason Business Center Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Charlie Bascom
- Procter and Gamble Mason Business Center Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
| | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences Durham University Durham UK
- Reprocell Europe Glasgow, Durham UK
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168
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Mubeen M, Khalid MA, Mukhtar M, Sumreen P, Gul T, Ul Ain N, Shahrum S, Tabassum M, Ul-Hamid A, Iqbal A. Elucidating the Size-dependent FRET Efficiency in Interfacially Engineered Quantum Dots attached PBSA Sunscreen. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 98:1017-1024. [PMID: 35092012 DOI: 10.1111/php.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Applying sunscreen on human skin provides photoprotection against the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation of the sun. Sunscreen absorbs UV radiations and dissipates the absorbed energy through various radiative and non-radiative pathways. The attachment of functionalized quantum dots (QDs) to the sunscreen component is a novel idea to enhance the absorption cross-section of UV radiations. Therefore, the attachment of the sunscreen component to the ligand functionalized biocompatible QDs and the absorbed energy transfer from sunscreen to the QDs could work as a model system to overall improve the efficiency of the sunscreen. This study elucidates the mechanism of size-dependent Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency and its rate between 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (PBSA) and mercaptoacetic acid (MAA) functionalized CdS QDs. In the PBSA-QDs dyad, the PBSA (donor) dissipates UV-absorbed energy to the CdS QDs (acceptor). Following excitation at 306 nm, the steady-state photoluminescence (SSPL) and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) techniques measurements demonstrate that both the non-radiative energy transfer efficiency and rate are QDs size-dependent in addition to donor-acceptor distance, and suggest that bigger sized-QDs result in an increase of the FRET efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad-45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Maria Mukhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad-45320, Pakistan
| | - Poshmal Sumreen
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad-45320, Pakistan
| | - Tehreem Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad-45320, Pakistan
| | - Noor Ul Ain
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad-45320, Pakistan
| | - Saba Shahrum
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad-45320, Pakistan
| | - Mamoona Tabassum
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad-45320, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Ul-Hamid
- Core Research Facilities, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azhar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad-45320, Pakistan
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169
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Lipid Nanomaterials for Targeted Delivery of Dermocosmetic Ingredients: Advances in Photoprotection and Skin Anti-Aging. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030377. [PMID: 35159721 PMCID: PMC8840400 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the health benefits of the sun, overexposure to solar radiation without proper precautions can cause irreversible damage to exposed skin. In the search for balance between the risks and benefits of exposure to solar radiation in human health, a technological alternative was found, the incorporation of photoprotective products in lipid nanoparticulate systems for topical application. These nanometric systems have demonstrated several advantages when used as adjuvants in photoprotection compared to chemical and/or physical sunscreens alone. The increase in the sun protection factor (SPF), photostability and UV action spectrum are parameters that have benefited from the application of these systems in order to increase the effectiveness and safety of photoprotective formulations containing organic and/or inorganic sunscreens.
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170
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Torres-Contreras AM, Garcia-Baeza A, Vidal-Limon HR, Balderas-Renteria I, Ramírez-Cabrera MA, Ramirez-Estrada K. Plant Secondary Metabolites against Skin Photodamage: Mexican Plants, a Potential Source of UV-Radiation Protectant Molecules. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:220. [PMID: 35050108 PMCID: PMC8779981 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human skin works as a barrier against the adverse effects of environmental agents, including ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Exposure to UVR is associated with a variety of harmful effects on the skin, and it is one of the most common health concerns. Solar UVR constitutes the major etiological factor in the development of cutaneous malignancy. However, more than 90% of skin cancer cases could be avoided with appropriate preventive measures such as regular sunscreen use. Plants, constantly irradiated by sunlight, are able to synthesize specialized molecules to fight against UVR damage. Phenolic compounds, alkaloids and carotenoids constitute the major plant secondary metabolism compounds with relevant UVR protection activities. Hence, plants are an important source of molecules used to avoid UVR damage, reduce photoaging and prevent skin cancers and related illnesses. Due to its significance, we reviewed the main plant secondary metabolites related to UVR protection and its reported mechanisms. In addition, we summarized the research in Mexican plants related to UV protection. We presented the most studied Mexican plants and the photoprotective molecules found in them. Additionally, we analyzed the studies conducted to elucidate the mechanism of photoprotection of those molecules and their potential use as ingredients in sunscreen formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mariel Torres-Contreras
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66451, Mexico; (A.M.T.-C.); (A.G.-B.); (I.B.-R.)
| | - Antoni Garcia-Baeza
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66451, Mexico; (A.M.T.-C.); (A.G.-B.); (I.B.-R.)
| | - Heriberto Rafael Vidal-Limon
- Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey, Avenida Junco de la Vega, Col. Tecnológico, Montrerrey 65849, Mexico;
| | - Isaias Balderas-Renteria
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66451, Mexico; (A.M.T.-C.); (A.G.-B.); (I.B.-R.)
| | - Mónica A. Ramírez-Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular y Modelos Biológicos, División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Guerrero s/n, Col. Treviño, Monterrey 64570, Mexico;
| | - Karla Ramirez-Estrada
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66451, Mexico; (A.M.T.-C.); (A.G.-B.); (I.B.-R.)
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171
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Frommeyer TC, Rohan CA, Spandau DF, Kemp MG, Wanner MA, Tanzi E, Travers JB. Wounding Therapies for Prevention of Photocarcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2022; 11:813132. [PMID: 35071017 PMCID: PMC8776632 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.813132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is closely linked with advanced age and ultraviolet-B (UVB) exposure. More specifically, the development of NMSC is linked to diminished insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling from senescent dermal fibroblasts in geriatric skin. Consequently, keratinocyte IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) remains inactive, resulting in failure to induce appropriate protective responses including DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint signaling. This allows UVB-induced DNA damage to proliferate unchecked, which increases the likelihood of malignant transformation. NMSC is estimated to occur in 3.3 million individuals annually. The rising incidence results in increased morbidity and significant healthcare costs, which necessitate identification of effective treatment modalities. In this review, we highlight the pathogenesis of NMSC and discuss the potential of novel preventative therapies. In particular, wounding therapies such as dermabrasion, microneedling, chemical peeling, and fractionated laser resurfacing have been shown to restore IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling in geriatric skin and suppress the propagation of UVB-damaged keratinocytes. This wounding response effectively rejuvenates geriatric skin and decreases the incidence of age-associated NMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Frommeyer
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Craig A. Rohan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Dan F. Spandau
- Departments of Dermatology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Richard A. Roudebush Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Michael G. Kemp
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Molly A. Wanner
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey B. Travers
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
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172
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Kim KW, Kwon YM, Kim SY, Kim JYH. One-pot synthesis of UV-protective carbon nanodots from sea cauliflower (Leathesia difformis). ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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173
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Berry G, Parsons A, Morgan M, Rickert J, Cho H. A review of methods to reduce the probability of the airborne spread of COVID-19 in ventilation systems and enclosed spaces. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111765. [PMID: 34331921 PMCID: PMC8317458 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 forced the human population to rethink its way of living. The threat posed by the potential spread of the virus via an airborne transmission mode through ventilation systems in buildings and enclosed spaces has been recognized as a major concern. To mitigate this threat, researchers have explored different technologies and methods that can remove or decrease the concentration of the virus in ventilation systems and enclosed spaces. Although many technologies and methods have already been researched, some are currently available on the market, but their effectiveness and safety concerns have not been fully investigated. To acquire a broader view and collective perspective of the current research and development status, this paper discusses a comprehensive review of various workable technologies and methods to combat airborne viruses, e.g., COVID-19, in ventilation systems and enclosed spaces. These technologies and methods include an increase in ventilation, high-efficiency air filtration, ionization of the air, environmental condition control, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, non-thermal plasma and reactive oxygen species, filter coatings, chemical disinfectants, and heat inactivation. Research gaps have been identified and discussed, and recommendations for applying such technologies and methods have also been provided in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gentry Berry
- Institute for Clean Energy Technology, Mississippi State University, 205 Research Blvd, Starkville, MS, 39759, USA
| | - Adam Parsons
- Institute for Clean Energy Technology, Mississippi State University, 205 Research Blvd, Starkville, MS, 39759, USA
| | - Matthew Morgan
- Institute for Clean Energy Technology, Mississippi State University, 205 Research Blvd, Starkville, MS, 39759, USA
| | - Jaime Rickert
- Institute for Clean Energy Technology, Mississippi State University, 205 Research Blvd, Starkville, MS, 39759, USA
| | - Heejin Cho
- Institute for Clean Energy Technology, Mississippi State University, 205 Research Blvd, Starkville, MS, 39759, USA.
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174
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FARIAS GABRIELES, SANTOS JULIANAA, GIOVANELLA PATRICIA, SETTE LARAD. Antarctic-derived yeasts: taxonomic identification and resistance to adverse conditions. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210592. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - JULIANA A. SANTOS
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Brazil
| | - PATRICIA GIOVANELLA
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Brazil
| | - LARA D. SETTE
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Brazil
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175
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Webber BJ, Tacke CD, Wolff GG, Rutherford AE, Erwin WJ, Escobar JD, Simon AA, Reed BH, Whitaker JG, Gambino-Shirley KJ, Stuever DM. Cancer Incidence and Mortality Among Fighter Aviators in the United States Air Force. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:71-78. [PMID: 34412090 PMCID: PMC8715989 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to clarify cancer risk in fighter aviators. METHODS US Air Force officers who served between 1970 and 2004 were followed through 2018 for incidence and mortality of 10 cancers: colon and rectum; pancreas; melanoma skin; prostate; testis; urinary bladder; kidney and renal pelvis; brain and other nervous system; thyroid; and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Fighter aviators were compared with other officers and the general US population. RESULTS Compared with other officers, male fighter aviators had greater adjusted odds of developing testis, melanoma skin, and prostate cancers; mortality odds were similar for all cancers. When compared with the US population, male fighter aviators were more likely to develop and die from melanoma skin cancer, prostate cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS Military fighter aviation may be associated with slightly increased risk of certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant J Webber
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine Department, U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio (Dr Webber, Ms Tacke, Mr Wolff, Dr Rutherford, Mr Escobar, Dr Simon, Dr Whitaker, Dr Gambino-Shirley, and Dr Stuever); Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee (Ms Tacke); Occupational and Environmental Health Department, U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio (Mr Erwin); Aerospace Medicine Department, U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio (Dr Reed)
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176
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Loureiro JB, Ribeiro R, Nazareth N, Ferreira T, Lopes EA, Gama A, Machuqueiro M, Alves MG, Marabini L, Oliveira PA, Santos MMM, Saraiva L. Mutant p53 reactivator SLMP53-2 hinders ultraviolet B radiation-induced skin carcinogenesis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 175:106026. [PMID: 34890775 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The growing incidence of skin cancer (SC) has prompted the search for additional preventive strategies to counteract this global health concern. Mutant p53 (mutp53), particularly with ultraviolet radiation (UVR) signature, has emerged as a promising target for SC prevention based on its key role in skin carcinogenesis. Herein, the preventive activity of our previously disclosed mutp53 reactivator SLMP53-2 against UVR-induced SC was investigated. The pre-treatment of keratinocyte HaCaT cells with SLMP53-2, before UVB exposure, depleted mutp53 protein levels with restoration of wild-type-like p53 DNA-binding ability and subsequent transcriptional activity. SLMP53-2 increased cell survival by promoting G1-phase cell cycle arrest, while reducing UVB-induced apoptosis through inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity. SLMP53-2 also protected cells from reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage induced by UVB. Moreover, it enhanced DNA repair through upregulation of nucleotide excision repair pathway and depletion of UVB-induced DNA damage, as evidenced by a reduction of DNA in comet tails, γH2AX staining and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) levels. SLMP53-2 further suppressed UVB-induced inflammation by inhibiting the nuclear translocation and DNA-binding ability of NF-κB, and promoted the expression of key players involved in keratinocytes differentiation. Consistently, the topical application of SLMP53-2 in mice skin, prior to UVB irradiation, reduced cell death and DNA damage. It also decreased the expression of inflammatory-related proteins and promoted cell differentiation, in UVB-exposed mice skin. Notably, SLMP53-2 did not show signs of skin toxicity for cumulative topical use. Overall, these results support a promising protective activity of SLMP53-2 against UVB-induced SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana B Loureiro
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratόrio de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biolόgicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-31b Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ribeiro
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratόrio de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biolόgicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-31b Porto, Portugal
| | - Nair Nazareth
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratόrio de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biolόgicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-31b Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Ferreira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Elizabeth A Lopes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Adelina Gama
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Miguel Machuqueiro
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, C8 bdg, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Anatomy and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Marabini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria M M Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lucília Saraiva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratόrio de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biolόgicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-31b Porto, Portugal.
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177
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Musa IH, Afolabi LO, Zamit I, Musa TH, Musa HH, Tassang A, Akintunde TY, Li W. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Cancer Research: A Systematic and Thematic Analysis of the Top 100 Cited Articles Indexed in Scopus Database. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221095946. [PMID: 35688650 PMCID: PMC9189515 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221095946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer is a major public health problem and a global leading cause of death where the screening, diagnosis, prediction, survival estimation, and treatment of cancer and control measures are still a major challenge. The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques and their applications in various fields have brought immense value in providing insights into advancement in support of cancer control. METHODS A systematic and thematic analysis was performed on the Scopus database to identify the top 100 cited articles in cancer research. Data were analyzed using RStudio and VOSviewer.Var1.6.6. RESULTS The top 100 articles in AI and ML in cancer received a 33 920 citation score with a range of 108 to 5758 times. Doi Kunio from the USA was the most cited author with total number of citations (TNC = 663). Out of 43 contributed countries, 30% of the top 100 cited articles originated from the USA, and 10% originated from China. Among the 57 peer-reviewed journals, the "Expert Systems with Application" published 8% of the total articles. The results were presented in highlight technological advancement through AI and ML via the widespread use of Artificial Neural Network (ANNs), Deep Learning or machine learning techniques, Mammography-based Model, Convolutional Neural Networks (SC-CNN), and text mining techniques in the prediction, diagnosis, and prevention of various types of cancers towards cancer control. CONCLUSIONS This bibliometric study provides detailed overview of the most cited empirical evidence in AI and ML adoption in cancer research that could efficiently help in designing future research. The innovations guarantee greater speed by using AI and ML in the detection and control of cancer to improve patient experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim H. Musa
- Department of Software Engineering, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lukman O. Afolabi
- Guangdong Immune Cell Therapy Engineering and Technology Research Center, Center for Protein and Cell-Based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ibrahim Zamit
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Taha H. Musa
- Biomedical Research Institute, Darfur University College, Nyala, South Darfur, Sudan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hassan H. Musa
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Andrew Tassang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Cameroon
- Buea Regional Hospital, Annex, Cameroon
| | - Tosin Y. Akintunde
- Department of Sociology, School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of quality management, Children’s hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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178
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Dutta D, Goyal N, Sharma DK. Preclinical evaluation from in-silico to in-vivo study of polyherbal microsponge sunscreen gel. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:3578-3585. [PMID: 34962064 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electromagnetic spectrum of the UV region predominantly becomes the reason for skin's detrimental effects that give the genesis of innumerable skin ailments; because of this reason, the sunscreen products are required before condition in day to day lifestyle; products such as moisturizers, lotions, creams, shampoos, and other hair and skin preparations are accessible and accompanied by sunscreen properties, but they do not provide extended effect, also causes side effects due to harsh chemicals. AIM The present study focuses on the effects of polyherbal extracts containing Microsponge gel for the protection of skin from ultraviolet rays. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present research, already prepared Microsponge gel through quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion (QESD) technique was used for the HPLC, in-silico, in-vitro antioxidant activity, and in-vivo study. AdmetSAR software tool was utilized for the in-silico study, whereas for the in-vivo study, UV radiations are given on Albino rats using solarimeter. RESULTS Results shown the active constituents are non-carcinogenic and non-toxic; IC50 values show good antioxidant activity and minimal effect of UV radiations after application of the gel formulation on animal skin. DISCUSSION The results manifest prominent effects on animal skin further test for presence of ascorbic acid level and total protein in blood further verify the efficacy of the formulation. CONCLUSION The study consequently established a strong ground for further extensive clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Dutta
- Devsthali Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Rudrapur, Uttarakhand, India
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179
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Development and evaluation of plumbagin loaded chitin hydrogel for the treatment of skin cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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180
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Togawa K, Leon ME, Lebailly P, Beane Freeman LE, Nordby KC, Baldi I, MacFarlane E, Shin A, Park S, Greenlee RT, Sigsgaard T, Basinas I, Hofmann JN, Kjaerheim K, Douwes J, Denholm R, Ferro G, Sim MR, Kromhout H, Schüz J. Cancer incidence in agricultural workers: Findings from an international consortium of agricultural cohort studies (AGRICOH). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106825. [PMID: 34461377 PMCID: PMC8484858 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agricultural work can expose workers to potentially hazardous agents including known and suspected carcinogens. This study aimed to evaluate cancer incidence in male and female agricultural workers in an international consortium, AGRICOH, relative to their respective general populations. METHODS The analysis included eight cohorts that were linked to their respective cancer registries: France (AGRICAN: n = 128,101), the US (AHS: n = 51,165, MESA: n = 2,177), Norway (CNAP: n = 43,834), Australia (2 cohorts combined, Australian Pesticide Exposed Workers: n = 12,215 and Victorian Grain Farmers: n = 919), Republic of Korea (KMCC: n = 8,432), and Denmark (SUS: n = 1,899). For various cancer sites and all cancers combined, standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each cohort using national or regional rates as reference rates and were combined by random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS During nearly 2,800,000 person-years, a total of 23,188 cancers were observed. Elevated risks were observed for melanoma of the skin (number of cohorts = 3, meta-SIR = 1.18, CI: 1.01-1.38) and multiple myeloma (n = 4, meta-SIR = 1.27, CI: 1.04-1.54) in women and prostate cancer (n = 6, meta-SIR = 1.06, CI: 1.01-1.12), compared to the general population. In contrast, a deficit was observed for the incidence of several cancers, including cancers of the bladder, breast (female), colorectum, esophagus, larynx, lung, and pancreas and all cancers combined (n = 7, meta-SIR for all cancers combined = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.77-0.90). The direction of risk was largely consistent across cohorts although we observed large between-cohort variations in SIR for cancers of the liver and lung in men and women, and stomach, colorectum, and skin in men. CONCLUSION The results suggest that agricultural workers have a lower risk of various cancers and an elevated risk of prostate cancer, multiple myeloma (female), and melanoma of skin (female) compared to the general population. Those differences and the between-cohort variations may be due to underlying differences in risk factors and warrant further investigation of agricultural exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Togawa
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.
| | - Maria E Leon
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Lebailly
- ANTICIPE, U1086 INSERM, Université de Caen Normandie, and Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Isabelle Baldi
- EPICENE, U1219 INSERM, Université de Bordeaux, and Service Santé Travail Environnement, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ewan MacFarlane
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert T Greenlee
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Research Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ioannis Basinas
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jeroen Douwes
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rachel Denholm
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Ferro
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Malcolm R Sim
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
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Md S, Alhakamy NA, Neamatallah T, Alshehri S, Mujtaba MA, Riadi Y, Radhakrishnan AK, Khalilullah H, Gupta M, Akhter MH. Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of α-Mangostin-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticle Gel for Topical Therapy in Skin Cancer. Gels 2021; 7:230. [PMID: 34842729 PMCID: PMC8628708 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate α-mangostin-loaded polymeric nanoparticle gel (α-MNG-PLGA) formulation to enhance α-mangostin delivery in an epidermal carcinoma. The poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) were developed using the emulsion-diffusion-evaporation technique with a 3-level 3-factor Box-Behnken design. The NPs were characterized and evaluated for particle size distribution, zeta potential (mV), drug release, and skin permeation. The formulated PLGA NPs were converted into a preformed carbopol gel base and were further evaluated for texture analysis, the cytotoxic effect of PLGA NPs against B16-F10 melanoma cells, and in vitro radical scavenging activity. The nanoscale particles were spherical, consistent, and average in size (168.06 ± 17.02 nm), with an entrapment efficiency (EE) of 84.26 ± 8.23% and a zeta potential of -25.3 ± 7.1 mV. Their drug release percentages in phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) at pH 7.4 and pH 6.5 were 87.07 ± 6.95% and 89.50 ± 9.50%, respectively. The release of α-MNG from NPs in vitro demonstrated that the biphasic release system, namely, immediate release in the initial phase, was accompanied by sustained drug release. The texture study of the developed α-MNG-PLGA NPs gel revealed its characteristics, including viscosity, hardness, consistency, and cohesiveness. The drug flux from α-MNG-PLGA NPs gel and α-MNG gel was 79.32 ± 7.91 and 16.88 ± 7.18 µg/cm2/h in 24 h, respectively. The confocal study showed that α-MNG-PLGA NPs penetrated up to 230.02 µm deep into the skin layer compared to 15.21 µm by dye solution. MTT assay and radical scavenging potential indicated that α-MNG-PLGA NPs gel had a significant cytotoxic effect and antioxidant effect compared to α-MNG gel (p < 0.05). Thus, using the developed α-MNG-PLGA in treating skin cancer could be a promising approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thikryat Neamatallah
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samah Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md Ali Mujtaba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yassine Riadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ammu K. Radhakrishnan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Manish Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, India;
| | - Md Habban Akhter
- School of Pharmaceutical and population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
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Site-Specific Vesicular Drug Delivery System for Skin Cancer: A Novel Approach for Targeting. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040218. [PMID: 34842689 PMCID: PMC8628733 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer, one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, has demonstrated an alarming increase in prevalence and mortality. Hence, it is a public health issue and a high burden of disease, contributing to the economic burden in its treatment. There are multiple treatment options available for skin cancer, ranging from chemotherapy to surgery. However, these conventional treatment modalities possess several limitations, urging the need for the development of an effective and safe treatment for skin cancer that could provide targeted drug delivery and site-specific tumor penetration and minimize unwanted systemic toxicity. Therefore, it is vital to understand the critical biological barriers involved in skin cancer therapeutics for the optimal development of the formulations. Various nanocarriers for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs have been developed and extensively studied to overcome the limitations faced by topical conventional dosage forms. A site-specific vesicular drug delivery system appears to be an attractive strategy in topical drug delivery for the treatment of skin malignancies. In this review, vesicular drug delivery systems, including liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes, and transfersomes in developing novel drug delivery for skin cancer therapeutics, are discussed. Firstly, the prevalence statistics, current treatments, and limitations of convention dosage form for skin cancer treatment are discussed. Then, the common type of nanocarriers involved in the research for skin cancer treatment are summarized. Lastly, the utilization of vesicular drug delivery systems in delivering chemotherapeutics is reviewed and discussed, along with their beneficial aspects over other nanocarriers, safety concerns, and clinical aspects against skin cancer treatment.
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183
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Sun Exposure in Pediatric Age: Perspective of Caregivers. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:children8111019. [PMID: 34828732 PMCID: PMC8625385 DOI: 10.3390/children8111019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Excessive sun exposure during childhood increases the risk of skin cancer. This study characterized the knowledge and attitudes of caregivers regarding exposure and sun protection of children and adolescents. One hundred and ninety-eight caregivers (38.5 ± 8.0 years) who resorted to the consultations of a Pediatrics Service or a Family Health Unit answered a questionnaire. The age of children/adolescents was 6.5 ± 5.1 years. On average, caregivers presented a high level of knowledge regarding exposure and sun protection. One hundred and twenty-six caregivers indicated that they obtained more information about sun protection on social communication, and 66% considered the information provided by healthcare professionals to be enough. One-hundred and fifteen caregivers reported that the child/adolescent was more exposed to the sun after 4 a.m., and 88% reported applying sunscreen on the beach/pool and outdoor activities. Fifty-seven percent of caregivers renewed sunscreen application on the child/adolescent every 2 h, and 94% applied a sun protection factor ≥ 50 in the child/adolescent. There was a significant association (p < 0.001) between education level and caregivers’ self-knowledge about sun protection (the higher the education, the higher the knowledge), and between the knowledge of the hour of sun exposure avoidance and the time when the child/adolescent was more exposed to the sun. This study shows that caregivers are highly knowledgeable about exposure and sun protection in children/adolescents, and their attitudes follow the general recommendations.
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184
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Cinnamic acid-functionalized ZnO nanoparticles for constructing UV-shielding and mechanically robust polyvinyl butyral composites. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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185
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Sotler R, Adamič M, Jarni K, Dahmane R, Trebše P, Kralj MB. Analyzing the Photoprotection Efficiency of Sunscreens Containing Antioxidants under Disinfection Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111720. [PMID: 34829592 PMCID: PMC8614728 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sunscreens ensure thorough protection against sunburn. The delivery of UV filters into the stratum corneum and viable epidermis could be reduced by the use of antioxidants (such as β-carotene and trans-resveratrol, alone or combined). The presence/absence of antioxidants (trans-resveratrol and β-carotene) in formulations containing benzophenone-3 (UV-filter) and their efficiency under disinfection and neutral conditions are studied and compared. The trial was conducted on 38 people. The prepared ointments were applied to the participants’ forearms, irradiated and monitored by reflectance colorimetry after 0, 4, 6, and 8 min. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the skin color’s main characteristics and the F-ratio was used to test overall differences. The ointments containing antioxidants and benzophenone-3 were the most efficient, followed by those with benzophenone-3 alone. It was proven that photoprotection with benzophenone-3 is still effective, despite the formation of its chlorinated products. Due to the short time of exposure to disinfecting conditions, it could be assumed that benzophenone-3 was only partially chlorinated. This clinical study demonstrated that formulations containing antioxidants are likely to be more suitable for protecting skin against UVB irradiation than a UV filter alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sotler
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.S.); (R.D.)
| | - Metka Adamič
- Dermatology Metka Adamič, Vilharjeva 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Kristjan Jarni
- Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ul. 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Raja Dahmane
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.S.); (R.D.)
| | - Polonca Trebše
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.S.); (R.D.)
- Correspondence: (P.T.); (M.B.K.)
| | - Mojca Bavcon Kralj
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.S.); (R.D.)
- Correspondence: (P.T.); (M.B.K.)
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Bhardwaj SK, Singh H, Deep A, Khatri M, Bhaumik J, Kim KH, Bhardwaj N. UVC-based photoinactivation as an efficient tool to control the transmission of coronaviruses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148548. [PMID: 34465056 PMCID: PMC8238411 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic made us re-realize the importance of environmental disinfection and sanitation in indoor areas, hospitals, and clinical rooms. UVC irradiation of high energy and short wavelengths, especially in the 200-290-nm range possesses the great potential for germicidal disinfection. These properties of UVC allow to damage or destruct the nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) in diverse microbes (e.g., bacteria, fungi, and viruses). UVC light can hence be used as a promising tool for prevention and control of their infection or transmission. The present review offers insights into the historical perspective, mode of action, and recent advancements in the application of UVC-based antiviral therapy against coronaviruses (including SARS CoV-2). Moreover, the application of UVC lights in the sanitization of healthcare units, public places, medical instruments, respirators, and personal protective equipment (PPE) is also discussed. This article, therefore, is expected to deliver a new path for the developments of UVC-based viricidal approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev K Bhardwaj
- Department of Nanomaterials and Application Technology, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering Technology (UIET), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akash Deep
- Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30-C, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Madhu Khatri
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering Technology (UIET), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jayeeta Bhaumik
- Department of Nanomaterials and Application Technology, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Neha Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering Technology (UIET), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Phenylene Bis-Diphenyltriazine (TriAsorB), a new sunfilter protecting the skin against both UVB + UVA and blue light radiations. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1475-1486. [PMID: 34643936 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sunlight induces actinic keratosis, skin cancers and photoaging. Photoprotection is thus a major issue in public health to prevent the harmful effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiations. Recent data have shown that the visible (VIS) and infrared (IR) radiations can lead to skin damage by oxidative stress, suggesting that a balanced protection across the entire spectrum of sunlight is necessary to prevent cutaneous alterations. In this context, we developed a new generation of sunfilter called Phenylene Bis-Diphenyltriazine or TriAsorB (CAS N°55514-22-2). The aim of the present study was to assess the photoprotective efficacy of TriAsorB from UV to IR light. Spectrophotometric assays were performed to measure absorption and reflectance of TriAsorB in the different spectral ranges of sunlight: UV, VIS including blue light or high energy visible (HEV) and IR. DNA damage was evaluated using reconstructed human epidermis (RHE): 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) in response to HEV exposure, pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and (6-4) photoproducts following solar-simulated radiation (SSR). TriAsorB is a broad spectrum UVB + UVA filter including long UVA. Interestingly, it also absorbs VIS radiations, especially in the HEV region. These radiations are also reflected. Protection in the IR spectral range is weak. Furthermore, the sunfilter specifically protects the skin against the oxidative lesions 8OHdG induced by HEV and prevents SSR-induced DNA damage. Thus, TriAsorB is an innovative sunfilter that might be used in sun care products for skin photoprotection from UV to VIS radiations. Finally, it prevents sunlight genotoxicity and protected the skin against solar radiations, especially blue light.
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188
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Morgado-Águila C, Gil-Fernández G, Dávila-Villalobos OR, Pérez-Rey J, Rey-Sánchez P, Rodríguez-Velasco FJ. Vitamin D serum levels and non-melanoma skin cancer risk. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12234. [PMID: 34631325 PMCID: PMC8475539 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skin cancer is one of the common malignancies. There is sufficient evidence that sunlight (ultraviolet radiation) contributes to the development of skin cancer, but there is also evidence that relates adequate serum levels of vitamin D produced on the skin by the action of ultraviolet radiation with the decreased risk of various types of cancers, including skin cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of vitamin D serum levels among patients with non-melanoma skin cancers (basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) and controls. Methods A prospective observational case-control study was conducted in a sample of 84 subjects in Extremadura (Spain). Forty-one patients with histologically diagnosed basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas and 43 healthy controls were randomly chosen to assess whether vitamin D (25(OH)D3) serum level, age and sex were related to non-melanoma skin cancer and to determine the possible risk of this type of skin cancer for these variables. Results When analysing serum vitamin D levels, we ensured that all our subjects, both cases and controls, had normal or low serum vitamin D levels, even though the samples were taken during months with the highest solar irradiance in our region. It is striking in our results that there was a higher percentage of subjects with deficits of vitamin D who did not have skin cancer (66%) than patients with deficits with these types of skin cancers (34%). When adjusting the model for age and sex, vitamin D values above 18 ng/ml increased the risk of suffering from non-melanoma skin cancer by nearly 7-fold (aOR: 6.94, 95% CI [1.55-31.11], p = 0.01). Conclusions Despite the controversial data obtained in the literature, our results suggest that lower levels of vitamin D may be related to a reduced incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Morgado-Águila
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cáceres University Hospital Complex, Extremadura Health Service, Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Gil-Fernández
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain
| | - Orlando Rafael Dávila-Villalobos
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Cáceres University Hospital Complex, Extremadura Health Service, Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain
| | - Jesús Pérez-Rey
- Department of Public Health, Extremadura Health Service, Extremadura Health Service, Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain
| | - Purificación Rey-Sánchez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Occupational Therapy, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain
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189
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Monitoring Solar Radiation UV Exposure in the Comoros. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910475. [PMID: 34639775 PMCID: PMC8508397 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As part of the UV-Indien project, a station for measuring ultraviolet radiation and the cloud fraction was installed in December 2019 in Moroni, the capital of the Comoros, situated on the west coast of the island of Ngazidja. A ground measurement campaign was also carried out on 12 January 2020 during the ascent of Mount Karthala, located in the center of the island of Ngazidja. In addition, satellite estimates (Ozone Monitoring Instrument and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) and model outputs (Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service and Tropospheric Ultraviolet Model) were combined for this same region. On the one hand, these different measurements and estimates make it possible to quantify, evaluate, and monitor the health risk linked to exposure to ultraviolet radiation in this region, and, on the other, they help to understand how cloud cover influences the variability of UV-radiation on the ground. The measurements of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument onboard the EOS-AURA satellite, being the longest timeseries of ultraviolet measurements available in this region, make it possible to quantify the meteorological conditions in Moroni and to show that more than 80% of the ultraviolet indices are classified as high and that 60% of these are classified as extreme. The cloud cover measured in Moroni by an All Sky Camera was used to distinguish between the cases of UV index measurements taken under clear or cloudy sky conditions. The ground-based measurements thus made it possible to describe the variability of the diurnal cycle of the UV index and the influence of cloud cover on this parameter. They also permitted the satellite measurements and the results of the simulations to be validated. In clear sky conditions, a relative difference of between 6 and 11% was obtained between satellite or model estimates and ground measurements. The ultraviolet index measurement campaign on Mount Karthala showed maximum one-minute standard erythemal doses at 0.3 SED and very high daily cumulative erythemal doses at more than 80 SED. These very high levels are also observed throughout the year and all skin phototypes can exceed the daily erythemal dose threshold at more than 20 SED.
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190
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Hernández-Rivera D, Torres-Landa SD, Rangel-Ayala M, Agarwal V. Fluorescent films based on PVDF doped with carbon dots for evaluation of UVA protection of sunscreens and fabrication of cool white LEDs. RSC Adv 2021; 11:32604-32614. [PMID: 35493561 PMCID: PMC9042084 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04746a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultraviolet-A (UVA) radiation from sunlight that reaches the earth's surface can induce premature aging, immunosuppression, and skin cancer. Commercial sunscreen products offer limited information regarding protection against UVA light. Therefore, proposing new and practical alternatives to evaluate the UVA protection capacity of commercial sunscreens is highly imperative. This work presents a novel methodology for evaluating the quality of sunscreens using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) based films doped with plant derived photoluminescent carbon dots (CDs). The bluish white light emitting (under UVA exposure) PVDF/CD films were used to evaluate the UVA protection capacity of 8 different commercial sunscreens. The evaluation of UVA protection is based on the fluorescence attenuation observed with the films coated with sunscreens. In addition, visual evaluation of the UVA protection capacity of the sunscreens and commercial glasses, using the same films and a commercial UV lamp at 365 nm, has also been demonstrated. Two sunscreens with limited UVA protection were identified using the proposed simple evaluation mechanisms without conventionally used expensive instruments and complex methodologies. Additionally, the capacity of PVDF/CD material has been explored for the possible fabrication of WLEDs with cool light emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hernández-Rivera
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, UAEM Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa Cuernavaca Morelos 62209 Mexico
| | - Simei Darinel Torres-Landa
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, UAEM Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa Cuernavaca Morelos 62209 Mexico
| | - Miriam Rangel-Ayala
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, UAEM Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa Cuernavaca Morelos 62209 Mexico
| | - Vivechana Agarwal
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, UAEM Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa Cuernavaca Morelos 62209 Mexico
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191
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Sitarz K, Kopec J, Szostek S, Sulowicz J. Incidence of betapapillomaviruses in the tumour and perilesional healthy skin in patients with basal cell carcinoma depending on sex, age, hair colour, tumour subtype, its location and dissemination. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2021; 38:866-872. [PMID: 34849136 PMCID: PMC8610056 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.98877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer in the Caucasian population. It is believed that infections caused by viruses from the genus betapapillomavirus (β-HPV) might be associated with the risk of BCC, but the spread of data on the prevalence of the virus in biopsies is significant. AIM To assess the presence and diversity of β-HPV in skin samples taken from the tumour and a fragment of healthy skin from the patients with BCC, as well as checking the correlation of factors listed below and presence of β-HPV infection in the studied patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted on the skin biopsies from 73 patients with histopathologically confirmed BCC. The following data were collected from patients: sex, age, hair colour and tumour location. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, the presence of β-HPV infection was detected in the tested samples. PCR and reverse hybridization assay were also used to genotype 25 types of β-HPV. RESULTS A statistically significant correlation was found between the sex and BCC type, BCC type and tumour location, BCC type and exposure to UV radiation, as well as between the hair colour and tumour location. The correlation between the BCC type and the number of tumours and HPV types detected was also noted. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary studies suggest that one of the risk factors for development of infiltrating lesions is the presence of a single HPV 93 infection, but further research is needed to confirm these assumptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sitarz
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kopec
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Slawa Szostek
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Sulowicz
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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192
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Fuentes JL, Villamizar Mantilla DA, Flores González SJ, Núñez LA, Stashenko EE. Plants growing in Colombia as sources of active ingredients for sunscreens. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1705-1715. [PMID: 34586950 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1987564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plants can be sources of photoprotective/antigenotoxic compounds that prevent cellular mutations involved in skin cancer and aging by regulating UV-induced mutability. PURPOSE The study was aimed at investigating the sunscreen properties of plants growing in Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultraviolet (UV) radiation-absorption capability of different plant extracts was examined. In vitro photoprotection efficacies were evaluated using in vitro indices such as sun protection factor (SPFin vitro) and critical wavelength (λc). Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between SPFin vitro and complementary UVB- antigenotoxicity estimates (%GI) based on the SOS Chromotest database. The cytotoxicity in human fibroblasts was studied using the trypan blue exclusion assay. Major compounds of promising plant extracts were determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). RESULTS We showed that plant extracts have sunscreen properties against UVB, whereas broad-spectrum radiation protection efficacy was poor. SPFin vitro and %GI were correlated (R = 0.71, p < .0001) for the plant extracts under study. Three extracts obtained from Achyrocline satureioides, Chromolaena pellia, and Lippia origanoides species resulted to possess high protection efficacy and relatively low cytotoxicity in human fibroblasts. These plant extracts contained major compounds such as α-pinene, trans-β-caryophyllene, γ-muurolene, γ-cadinene and caryophyllene oxide in A. Satureioides extract, trans-β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, squalene and α-amyrin in C. pellia extract, and p-cymene, carvacrol, trans-β-caryophyllene and pinocembrin in L. origanoides extract. CONCLUSIONS Plants growing in Colombia contain compounds that can be useful for potential sunscreens. SPFin vitro and %GI estimates were correlated, but %GI estimates were more sensitive to detecting activity at lower plant extract concentrations. Our results supported the need to use DNA damage detection assays as a complement to photoprotection efficacy measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luis Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas, CIBIMOL, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Diego Armando Villamizar Mantilla
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Silvia Juliana Flores González
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Luis Alberto Núñez
- Escuela de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Elena E Stashenko
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas, CIBIMOL, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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193
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Kumar Y, Gupta S, Singla R, Hu YC. A Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Cancer Prediction and Diagnosis. ARCHIVES OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING : STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS 2021; 29:2043-2070. [PMID: 34602811 PMCID: PMC8475374 DOI: 10.1007/s11831-021-09648-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence has aided in the advancement of healthcare research. The availability of open-source healthcare statistics has prompted researchers to create applications that aid cancer detection and prognosis. Deep learning and machine learning models provide a reliable, rapid, and effective solution to deal with such challenging diseases in these circumstances. PRISMA guidelines had been used to select the articles published on the web of science, EBSCO, and EMBASE between 2009 and 2021. In this study, we performed an efficient search and included the research articles that employed AI-based learning approaches for cancer prediction. A total of 185 papers are considered impactful for cancer prediction using conventional machine and deep learning-based classifications. In addition, the survey also deliberated the work done by the different researchers and highlighted the limitations of the existing literature, and performed the comparison using various parameters such as prediction rate, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, dice score, detection rate, area undercover, precision, recall, and F1-score. Five investigations have been designed, and solutions to those were explored. Although multiple techniques recommended in the literature have achieved great prediction results, still cancer mortality has not been reduced. Thus, more extensive research to deal with the challenges in the area of cancer prediction is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Computer Engineering, Indus Institute of Technology & Engineering, Indus University, Rancharda, Via: Shilaj, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382115 India
| | - Surbhi Gupta
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kot bhalwal, Jammu, J&K 181122 India
| | - Ruchi Singla
- Department of Research, Innovations, Sponsored Projects and Entrepreneurship, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali India
| | - Yu-Chen Hu
- Department of Computer Science and Information Management, Providence University, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
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194
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Yoshino Y, Marunaka K, Kobayashi M, Matsunaga H, Shu S, Matsunaga T, Ikari A. Protective Effects of Ethanol Extract of Brazilian Green Propolis and Apigenin against Weak Ultraviolet Ray-B-Induced Barrier Dysfunction via Suppressing Nitric Oxide Production and Mislocalization of Claudin-1 in HaCaT Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910326. [PMID: 34638666 PMCID: PMC8508977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Once weak ultraviolet ray-B (UVB) irradiates the skin cells, the generation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), but not reactive oxygen species (ROS), is stimulated for the mislocalization of claudin-1 (CLDN1), an essential protein for forming tight junctions (TJs). Since our skin is constantly exposed to sunlight throughout our lives, an effective protection strategy is needed to maintain the skin barrier against weak UVB. In the present study, we investigated whether an ethanol extract of Brazilian green propolis (EBGP) and flavonoids had a protective effect against weak UVB irradiation-induced barrier dysfunction in human keratinocyte-derived HaCaT cells. A pretreatment with EBGP suppressed TJ permeability, RNS production, and the nitration level of CLDN1 in the weak UVB-exposed cells. Among the propolis components, apigenin and apigenin-like flavonoids have potent protective effects against NO production and the mislocalization of CLDN1 induced by UVB. The analyses between structures and biological function revealed that the chemically and structurally characteristic flavonoids with a hydroxyl group at the 4′ position on the B-ring might contribute to its protective effect on barrier dysfunction caused by weak UVB irradiation. In conclusion, EBGP and its component apigenin protect HaCaT cells from weak UVB irradiation-induced TJ barrier dysfunction mediated by suppressing NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yoshino
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.M.); (M.K.); (H.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Kana Marunaka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.M.); (M.K.); (H.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Mao Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.M.); (M.K.); (H.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Haruka Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.M.); (M.K.); (H.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Shokoku Shu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.M.); (M.K.); (H.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Toshiyuki Matsunaga
- Education Center of Green Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 502-8585, Japan;
| | - Akira Ikari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.M.); (M.K.); (H.M.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-(58)-2308124
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195
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Li Y, Xiao Q, Tang J, Xiong L, Li L. Extracellular Vesicles: Emerging Therapeutics in Cutaneous Lesions. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6183-6202. [PMID: 34522095 PMCID: PMC8434831 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s322356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as nanoscale membranous vesicles containing DNAs, RNAs, lipids and proteins, have emerged as promising diagnostic and therapeutic agents for skin diseases. Here, we summarize the basic physiology of the skin and the biological characteristic of EVs. Further, we describe the applications of EVs in the treatment of dermatological conditions such as skin infection, inflammatory skin diseases, skin repair and rejuvenation and skin cancer. In particular, plant-derived EVs and clinical trials are discussed. In addition, challenges and perspectives related to the preclinical and clinical applications of EVs are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tang
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lidan Xiong
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
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196
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Kaur H, Kesharwani P. Advanced nanomedicine approaches applied for treatment of skin carcinoma. J Control Release 2021; 337:589-611. [PMID: 34364919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skin-cancer is the commonest malignancy affecting huge proportion of the population, reaching heights in terms of morbidity. The treatment strategies are presently focusing on surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, which eventually cause destruction to unaffected cells. To overcome this limitation, wide range of nanoscaled materials have been recognized as potential carriers for delivering selective response to cancerous cells and neoplasms. Nanotechnological approach has been tremendously exploited in several areas, owing to their functional nanometric dimensions. The alarming incidence of skin cancer engenders burdensome effects worldwide, which is further awakening innovational medicinal approaches, accompanying target specific drug delivery tools for coveted benefits to provide reduced toxicity and tackle proliferative episodes of skin cancer. The developed nanosystems for anti-cancer agents include liposomes, ethosomes, nanofibers, solid lipid nanoparticles and metallic nanoparticles, which exhibit pronounced outcomes for skin carcinoma. In this review, skin cancer with its sub-types is explained in nutshell, followed by compendium of specific nanotechnological tools presented, in addition to therapeutic applications of drug-loaded nano systems for skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsimran Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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197
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Pop TD, Diaconeasa Z. Recent Advances in Phenolic Metabolites and Skin Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9707. [PMID: 34575899 PMCID: PMC8471058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer represents any tumor development from the cutaneous structures within the epidermis, dermis or subcutaneous tissue, and is considered to be the most prevalent type of cancer. Compared to other types of cancer, skin cancer is proven to have a positive growth rate of prevalence and mortality. There are available various treatments, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy, but because of the multidrug resistance development, a low success has been registered. By this, the importance of studying naturally occurring compounds that are both safe and effective in the chemoprevention of skin cancer is emphasized. This review focuses on melanoma because it is the deadliest form of skin cancer, with a significantly increasing incidence in the last decades. As chemopreventive agents, we present polyphenols and their antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effect, their ability to balance the cell cycle and to induce apoptosis and their various other effects on skin melanoma. Besides chemoprevention, studies suggest that polyphenols can have treating abilities in some conditions. The limitations of using polyphenols are also pointed out, which are related to their poor bioavailability and stability, but as the technology is well developed, it is possible to augment the efficacy of polyphenols in the case of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zorita Diaconeasa
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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198
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Khabazian E, Vakhshiteh F, Norouzi P, Fatahi Y, Dinarvand R, Atyabi F. Cationic Liposome Decorated with Cyclic RGD Peptide for Targeted Delivery of anti-STAT3 siRNA to Melanoma Cancer Cells. J Drug Target 2021; 30:522-533. [PMID: 34482780 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1973481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is regarded as a valuable strategy for efficient cancer treatment. However, the design of effective delivery systems that can deliver gene materials such as siRNA specifically to the tumour tissues plays a pivotal role in cancer therapy. For this reason, a targeted cationic liposome for melanoma treatment was developed. This system consists of cyclic RGD peptide conjugated to DSPE-PEG2000, cholesterol, DOTAP, and DSPC as cationic and neutral lipids, respectively. Cyclic RGD was selected based on speculation that cyclic RGD would effectively transport anti-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) siRNA into melanoma cell via integrin receptors. The prepared liposomes provided excellent stability against electrolyte and serum nucleases. Targeted liposomes remarkably exhibited higher cellular internalisation in comparison with the non-targeted system in flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Furthermore, incorporating peptide on the surface of liposomes resulted in considerably high cytotoxicity, a 2.1-times raise in apoptosis induction, and a significantly enhanced STAT3 gene suppression as compared with the corresponding non-targeted formulation on B16F10 murine melanoma cells. Whole-body imaging confirmed the more significant tumour accumulation of targeted liposomes in B16F10 melanoma xenograft tumour-bearing mice. Consequently, c-RGD peptide modified liposome suggests a promising option for specific siRNA delivery into melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Khabazian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1417614411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Vakhshiteh
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Norouzi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1417614411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1417614411, Tehran, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1417614411, Tehran, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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199
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Barwood D. Supporting health literacy in adolescent populations: distinguishing pedagogies for sun safety education in schools. HEALTH EDUCATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/he-02-2021-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe aim of this paper is to distinguish pedagogies supporting critical health literacy development in adolescent populations. Specifically, for sun safety education in schools.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on an exploratory intrinsic case study design to qualitatively examine the learning conditions that Pre-Service Teachers' (PsTs) mobilise to advance Health Literary (HL) in learning activities.FindingsThis paper presents data that shows the different ways thirty Pre-Service Teachers (PsTs) in Western Australia conceptualise HL in sun safety education for Year 7 students (12–13 years old). Examination of three consecutive lesson plans categorised learning activities (n = 444) according to HL competencies. Data shows that the PsTs pedagogically advance HL but are constrained when conceptualising learning to support critical HL. Further examination of the lesson plans of the 11 PsTs who pedagogically advanced learning to support a critical level of health literacy, distinguished the learning conditions and pedagogies supporting critically health literate adolescents.Originality/valueBy distinguishing pedagogies to situate individual and social health within broader societal goals, the paper identifies teacher education institutions as key players enabling young people to socially advocate healthier living, particularly, regarding melanoma and non-melanoma incidence.
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200
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Park Y, Park SY, Eom K. Current Review of Optical Neural Interfaces for Clinical Applications. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:925. [PMID: 34442547 PMCID: PMC8400671 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neural interfaces, which enable the recording and stimulation of living neurons, have emerged as valuable tools in understanding the brain in health and disease, as well as serving as neural prostheses. While neural interfaces are typically based on electrical transduction, alternative energy modalities have been explored to create safe and effective approaches. Among these approaches, optical methods of linking neurons to the outside world have gained attention because light offers high spatial selectivity and decreased invasiveness. Here, we review the current state-of-art of optical neural interfaces and their clinical applications. Optical neural interfaces can be categorized into optical control and optical readout, each of which can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic approaches. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods and offer a comparison of relative performance. Future directions, including their clinical opportunities, are discussed with regard to the optical properties of biological tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung-Yun Park
- Department of Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Kyungsik Eom
- Department of Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
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