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Vasilopoulos C, De Vuyst L, Leroy F. Shelf-life Reduction as an Emerging Problem in Cooked Hams Underlines the Need for Improved Preservation Strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:1425-43. [PMID: 24915326 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.695413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cooked hams have gained an important position within the delicatessen market. Nowadays, consumers not only demand superior sensory properties but also request low levels of sodium and fat and the absence of conventional chemicals and preservatives used for the increase of the technological yield and shelf-life of the products. As a result, products that apply strict quality certificates or ''clean'' labels become increasingly important. However, such cooked hams suffer from a limited shelf-life. Besides some physicochemical effects, this is mainly due to microbial impact, despite the application of modified-atmosphere-packaging and chilling. Microbial spoilage is mostly due to the metabolic manifestation of lactic acid bacteria and Brochothrix thermosphacta, although Enterobacteriaceae and yeasts may occur too. Several preservation strategies have been developed to prolong the shelf-life of such vulnerable cooked meat products by targeting the microbial communities, with different rates of success. Whereas high-pressure treatments do not always pose a straightforward solution, a promising strategy relates to the use of bioprotective cultures containing lactic acid bacteria. The latter consist of strains that are deliberately added to the ham to outcompete undesirable microorganisms. Spoilage problems seem, however, to be specific for each product and processing line, underlining the importance of tailor-made solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Vasilopoulos
- a Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bio-engineering Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 , Brussels , Belgium
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Ben Said L, Klibi N, Dziri R, Borgo F, Boudabous A, Ben Slama K, Torres C. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages of Enterococcus spp. from vegetable food, soil and irrigation water in farm environments in Tunisia. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1627-1633. [PMID: 25988398 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine the species, clonal diversity, antibiotic resistance and virulence of enterococci in different environments. Seventy-one samples of farm origin (34 of food vegetables, 27 of soil and ten of irrigation water) and 19 samples of vegetables from five markets, were inoculated in Slanetz-Bartley agar plates supplemented or not with gentamicin (SB-Gen and SB plates, respectively) for enterococci recovery. RESULTS Enterococci were obtained from 72.2% of tested samples in SB media (food vegetables from farms, 88.2%; soil and irrigation water, 51%; food vegetables from markets, 84.2%), and 65 enterococcal isolates were obtained. Enterococcus faecium was the most prevalent species (52.3%), followed by E. hirae (35.4%), E. faecalis (6.15%), and E. casseliflavus (6.15%). Antibiotic resistance detected among these enterococci was as follows (percentage/detected gene): ciprofloxacin (60%), erythromycin (18.4%/erm(B)), tetracycline (15.4%/tet(M)-tet(L)), kanamycin (15.4%/aph(3')-III), chloramphenicol (7.7%), streptomycin (3%/ant(6)), vancomycin (6.15%/vanC2)), teicoplanin (0%) and ampicillin (0%). High-level gentamicin-resistant (HLR-G) enterococci were detected in SB-Gen plates in 14 of 90 tested samples (15.5%), and 15 isolates were characterized: ten E. faecalis, four E. faecium and one E. hirae. All HLR-G enterococci carried the aac(6')-aph(2″), erm(B) and tet(M) genes, among other resistance genes. The HLR-G isolates showed high genetic diversity (ten different PFGE profiles), and were ascribed to the sequence types ST2, ST16, ST28 and new ST528 (in E. faecalis), and ST56, new ST885 and new ST886 (in E. faecium). CONCLUSION Food vegetables in the farm or market settings are frequently contaminated by HLR-G enterococci, and these microorganisms could reach the human intestine through the food chain, if hygienic conditions are not followed. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ben Said
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raoudha Dziri
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Francesca Borgo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Abdellatif Boudabous
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, E-26006, Logroño, Spain
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153
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Biswas PP, Dey S, Sen A, Adhikari L. Molecular Characterization of Virulence Genes in Vancomycin-Resistant and Vancomycin-Sensitive Enterococci. J Glob Infect Dis 2016; 8:16-24. [PMID: 27013840 PMCID: PMC4785752 DOI: 10.4103/0974-777x.176141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to find out the correlation between presence of virulence (gelatinase [gel E], enterococcal surface protein [esp], cytolysin A [cyl A], hyaluronidase [hyl], and aggregation substance [asa1]) and vancomycin-resistant genes (van A and van B) in enterococci, with their phenotypic expression. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 isolates (250 each clinical and fecal) were processed. Enterococci were isolated from various clinical samples and from fecal specimens of colonized patients. Various virulence determinants namely asa1, esp, hyl, gel E, and cyl were detected by phenotypic methods. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin was determined by agar dilution method. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the presence of virulence and van genes. Results: Out of all the samples processed, 12.0% (60/500) isolates carried van A or van B genes as confirmed by MIC test and PCR methods. Genes responsible for virulence were detected by multiplex PCR and at least one of the five was detected in all the clinical vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and vancomycin-sensitive enterococci (VSE). gel E, esp, and hyl genes were found to be significantly higher in clinical VRE. Of the fecal isolates, presence of gel E, esp, and asa1 was significantly higher in VRE as compared to VSE. The presence of hyl gene in the clinical VRE was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.043) as against the fecal VRE. Correlation between the presence of virulence genes and their expression as detected by phenotypic tests showed that while biofilm production was seen in 61.1% (22/36) of clinical VRE, the corresponding genes, i.e., asa1 and esp were detected in 30.5% (11/36) and 27.8% (10/36) of strains only. Conclusion: Enterococcus faecium isolates were found to carry esp gene, a phenomenon that has been described previously only for Enterococcus faecalis, but we were unable to correlate the presence of esp with their capacity to form biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangeeta Dey
- Department of Microbiology, Katihar Medical College, Katihar, Bihar, India
| | - Aninda Sen
- Department of Microbiology, Katihar Medical College, Katihar, Bihar, India
| | - Luna Adhikari
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
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Vrabec M, Lovayová V, Dudriková K, Gallo J, Dudriková E. Antibiotic Resistance and Prevalence ofEnterococcusSpp. andEscherichia ColiIsolated fromBryndzaCheese. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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155
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Incidence of virulence determinants in clinical Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates collected in Bulgaria. Braz J Infect Dis 2016; 20:127-33. [PMID: 26849965 PMCID: PMC9427613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the prevalence of some virulence genes among 510 clinical Enterococcus spp. isolates and to assess the association of those genes with the species, infection site, and patient group (inpatients/outpatients). Methods Adhesins genes (aggregation substances agg and asa1 of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, respectively), enterococcal surface protein (esp), endocarditis-specific antigen A (efaA), collagen-binding proteins (ace/acm)); invasins (hyaluronidase (hyl) and gelatinase (gelE)); cytotoxines (activation of cytolysin (cylA) in E. faecalis); and modulators of the host immunity and inflammation (enhanced expression pheromone (eep) in E. faecalis) were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Results The overall prevalence was: esp – 44.3%, agg/asa1 – 38.4%, ace/acm – 64.3%, efaA – 85.9%, eep – 69.4%, gelE – 64.3%, hyl – 25.1%, and cylA – 47.1%. E. faecalis isolates had significantly higher frequency of adhesin genes (esp and agg/asa1) and gelatinase in comparison to E. faecium. Multiple virulence genes in E. faecalis were significantly more prevalent than in E. faecium isolates. Domination of E. faecium with or without only one gene compared to the isolates of E. faecalis were found. Enterococcus spp. isolates obtained from outpatients compared to inpatients isolates had significantly higher frequency of agg/asa1, eep, gelE and cylA. Some adhesins genes (esp, agg/asa1 and efaA) had higher prevalence among the non-invasive Enterococcus spp. isolates compared to those causing invasive bacteremia, while ace/acm revealed higher dissemination in isolates causing invasive infections compared to non-invasive isolates. Conclusion Most E. faecalis attaches to abiotic surfaces in hospital environment, which correlates with higher prevalence of gene encoding for virulence factors involved in biofilm formation, such as enterococcal surface protein, aggregation substance, and gelatinase. The intestinal tract is an important reservoir for opportunistic enterococcal pathogens and allows them to access infectious sites through different virulence factors, demonstrated in outpatient isolates in this study.
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156
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Draft Genome Sequences of Four Enterococcus faecium Strains Isolated from Argentine Cheese. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/1/e01576-15. [PMID: 26847907 PMCID: PMC4742676 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01576-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the draft genome sequences of four Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from Argentine regional cheeses. These strains were selected based on their technological properties, i.e., their ability to produce aroma compounds (diacetyl, acetoin, and 2,3-butanediol) from citrate. The goal of our study is to provide further genetic evidence for the rational selection of enterococci strains based on their pheno- and genotype in order to be used in cheese production.
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157
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Draft Genome Sequence of Probiotic Enterococcus faecium Strain L-3. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/1/e01622-15. [PMID: 26823581 PMCID: PMC4732334 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01622-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report here the draft genome sequence of the bacteriocin producer Enterococcus faecium strain L-3, isolated from a probiotic preparation, Laminolact, which is widely used in the Russian Federation. The draft genome sequence is composed of 74 contigs for a total of 2,643,001 bp, with 2,646 coding genes. Five clusters for bacteriocin production were found.
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158
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Yuksel FN, Akcelik N, Akcelik M. Incidence of antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis strains, isolated from traditional cheeses in Turkey. MOLECULAR GENETICS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.3103/s089141681504014x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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159
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Comparison of the Potency of the Lipid II Targeting Antimicrobials Nisin, Lacticin 3147 and Vancomycin Against Gram-Positive Bacteria. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 4:108-15. [PMID: 26781852 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-012-9095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
While nisin (lantibiotic), lacticin 3147 (lantibiotic) and vancomycin (glycopeptides) are among the best studied lipid II-binding antimicrobials, their relative activities have never been compared. Nisin and lacticin 3147 have been employed/investigated primarily as food preservatives, although they do have potential in terms of veterinary and clinical applications. Vancomycin is used exclusively in clinical therapy. We reveal a higher potency for lacticin 3147 (MIC 0.95-3.8 μg/ml) and vancomycin (MIC 0.78-1.56 μg/ml) relative to that of nisin (MIC 6.28-25.14 μg/ml) against the food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. A comparison of the activity of the three antimicrobials against nisin resistance mutants of L. monocytogenes also reveals that their susceptibility to vancomycin and lacticin 3147 changed only slightly or not at all. A further assessment of relative activity against a selection of Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus targets revealed that vancomycin MICs consistently ranged between 0.78 and 1.56 μg/ml against all but one strain. Lacticin 3147 was found to be more effective than nisin against B. cereus (lacticin 3147 MIC 1.9-3.8 μg/ml; nisin MIC 4.1-16.7 μg/ml) and E. faecium and E. faecalis targets (lacticin 3147 MIC from 1.9 to 3.8 μg/ml; nisin MIC ≥8.3 μg/ml). The greater effectiveness of lacticin 3147 is even more impressive when expressed as molar values. However, in agreement with the previous reports, nisin was the more effective of the two lantibiotics against S. aureus strains. This study highlights that in many instances the antimicrobial activity of these leading lantibiotics are comparable with that of vancomycin and emphasizes their particular value with respect to use in situations including foods and veterinary medicine, where the use of vancomycin is not permitted.
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160
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Carneiro CDS, Mársico ET, Ribeiro RDOR, Conte-Júnior CA, Mano SB, Augusto CJC, Oliveira de Jesus EF. Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF NMR 1H) to assess the mobility of water during storage of salted fish (Sardinella brasiliensis). J FOOD ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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161
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Gwak HJ, Lee JH, Kim TW, Choi HJ, Jang JY, Lee SI, Park HW. Protective effect of soy powder and microencapsulation on freeze-dried Lactobacillus brevis WK12 and Lactococcus lactis WK11 during storage. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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162
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Bortolaia V, Espinosa-Gongora C, Guardabassi L. Human health risks associated with antimicrobial-resistant enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus on poultry meat. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 22:130-140. [PMID: 26706616 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Enterococci and staphylococci are frequent contaminants on poultry meat. Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus are also well-known aetiological agents of a wide variety of infections resulting in major healthcare costs. This review provides an overview of the human health risks associated with the occurrence of these opportunistic human pathogens on poultry meat with particular focus on the risk of food-borne transmission of antimicrobial resistance. In the absence of conclusive evidence of transmission, this risk was inferred using data from scientific articles and national reports on prevalence, bacterial load, antimicrobial resistance and clonal distribution of these three species on poultry meat. The risks associated with ingestion of antimicrobial-resistant enterococci of poultry origin comprise horizontal transfer of resistance genes and transmission of multidrug-resistant E. faecalis lineages such as sequence type ST16. Enterococcus faecium lineages occurring in poultry meat products are distantly related to those causing hospital-acquired infections but may act as donors of quinupristin/dalfopristin resistance and other resistance determinants of clinical interest to the human gut microbiota. Ingestion of poultry meat contaminated with S. aureus may lead to food poisoning. However, antimicrobial resistance in the toxin-producing strains does not have clinical implications because food poisoning is not managed by antimicrobial therapy. Recently methicillin-resistant S. aureus of livestock origin has been reported on poultry meat. In theory handling or ingestion of contaminated meat is a potential risk factor for colonization by methicillin-resistant S. aureus. However, this risk is presently regarded as negligible by public health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bortolaia
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - C Espinosa-Gongora
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - L Guardabassi
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St Kitts, West Indies.
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163
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Ruiz P, Pérez-Martín F, Seseña S, Palop ML. Seasonal diversity and safety evaluation of enterococci population from goat milk in a farm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-015-0273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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164
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Bargossi E, Gardini F, Gatto V, Montanari C, Torriani S, Tabanelli G. The Capability of Tyramine Production and Correlation between Phenotypic and Genetic Characteristics of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis Strains. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1371. [PMID: 26696981 PMCID: PMC4672085 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of tyramine production capability of four Enterococcus strains in buffered systems in relation to their genetic characteristics and environmental conditions. Cells of the strains Enterococcus faecalis EF37 and ATCC 29212, and E. faecium FC12 and FC643 were re-suspended in phosphate/citrate buffers with different pH, NaCl concentration and incubation temperature. At intervals, cell viability and tyramine production were assessed by plate counting and HPLC analysis, respectively. The activity of a purified tyrosine decarboxylase (TDC) was determined under the same conditions, as a reference. Reduced loss in cell viability was observed in all the tested conditions, except for pH 4 after 24 h. The TDC activity was greatly heterogeneous within the enterococci: EF37 and FC12 produced the higher tyramine concentrations, ATCC 29212 showed a reduced decarboxylase activity, while EF643 did not accumulate detectable amounts of tyramine in all the conditions assayed. Among the considerate variables, temperature was the most influencing factor on tyramine accumulation for enterococcal cells. To further correlate the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of the enterococci, the TDC operon region carrying the genes tyrosine decarboxylase (tyrDC), tyrosine/tyramine permease (tyrP), and Na+/H+ antiporter (nhaC-2) was amplified and sequenced. The genetic organization and nucleotide sequence of this operon region were highly conserved in the enterococcal strains of the same species. The heterogeneity in tyramine production found between the two E. faecalis strains could be ascribed to different regulation mechanisms not yet elucidated. On the contrary, a codon stop was identified in the translated tyrDC sequence of E. faecium FC643, supporting its inability to accumulate tyramine in the tested conditions. In addition, the presence of an additional putative tyrosine decarboxylase with different substrate specificity and genetic organization was noticed for the first time. Concluding, the high TDC activity heterogeneity within enterococci determined different accumulation of tyramine, depending on different genetic determinants, regulation mechanisms, and environmental factors. The present research contributes to elucidate the genetic characteristics of enterococcal strains and correlate specific mutations to their different strain-dependent tyraminogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Bargossi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna Cesena, Italy
| | - Fausto Gardini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna Cesena, Italy ; Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-Food Research, University of Bologna Cesena, Italy
| | - Veronica Gatto
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Montanari
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-Food Research, University of Bologna Cesena, Italy
| | - Sandra Torriani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Tabanelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna Cesena, Italy ; Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-Food Research, University of Bologna Cesena, Italy
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165
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Talebi M, Asghari Moghadam N, Mamooii Z, Enayati M, Saifi M, Pourshafie MR. Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation of Enterococcus faecalis in Patient and Environmental Samples. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e23349. [PMID: 26587208 PMCID: PMC4644270 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.23349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Enterococci are opportunistic pathogens and are a major factor in nosocomial infections. They may contain ebp operon, which upon expression makes them highly prone to biofilm formation on biotic and abiotic surfaces. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to detect the polymorphism of ebp genes in Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods: Samples were isolated from patients (n = 58) and hospital environments (n = 32) of two hospitals in Tehran, Iran. All enterococcal species were identified by species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR); the antibiotic resistance pattern against nine antibiotics was determined. The ebpA, ebp B, ebp C and srt C genes were detected by PCR and the biofilm formation by the isolates was evaluated using the microtiter plate method. The genetic diversity of ebp genes was analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results: The results indicated that, 86% of patient and 29% of environmental isolates carried ebp genes. The ability of the isolates to strongly attach was 62% and 71% for patient and environmental samples, respectively. The RFLP of the ebp showed no genetic variations amongst the isolates. Conclusions: The results of the antibiotic resistance and other data suggest that there is a possible common clone of E. faecalis, which could rapidly disseminate in patients and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Talebi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Zeynab Mamooii
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Mohsen Enayati
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Mahnaz Saifi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Pourshafie
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mohammad Reza Pourshafie, Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-2166405535, E-mail:
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166
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McAuley CM, Britz ML, Gobius KS, Craven HM. Prevalence, seasonality, and growth of enterococci in raw and pasteurized milk in Victoria, Australia. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:8348-58. [PMID: 26476940 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence, seasonality, and species variety of enterococci present in raw milk factory silos and pasteurized milk in 3 dairying regions in Victoria, Australia, over a 1-yr period. Additionally, the growth ability of thermoduric enterococci isolated in this study (Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, E. hirae, and E. durans) was determined in milk at temperatures likely to occur during storage, transport, and distribution, and before domestic consumption (4 and 7°C). Enterococci were detected in 96% of 211 raw milk samples, with an average count of 2.48 log10 cfu/mL. Counts were significantly lower in winter than summer (average 1.84 log10 cfu/mL) and were different between factories but not regions. Enterococcus faecalis was the most prevalent species isolated from raw milk in every factory, comprising between 61.5 and 83.5% of enterococcal species across each season. Enterococci were detected in lower numbers in pasteurized milk than in raw milk and were below the limit of detection on spread plates (<10 cfu/mL) after factory pasteurization. Residual viable cells were only detected following enrichment using 100-mL samples of milk, with 20.8% of the samples testing positive; this equated to a decrease in the average raw milk enterococci count of >4 log10 cfu/mL following pasteurization. Although E. faecalis predominated in raw milk and E. durans was found in only 2.9% of raw milk samples, E. durans was the most prevalent species detected in pasteurized milk. The detection of enterococci in the pasteurized milk did not correlate with higher enterococci counts in the raw milk. This suggested that the main enterococci populations in raw milk were heat-sensitive and that thermoduric enterococci survived pasteurization in a small numbers of instances. All of the thermoduric enterococci that were assessed for growth at likely refrigeration temperatures were able to grow at both 4 and 7°C in sterile milk, with generation times of 35 to 41h and 16 to 22h, respectively. Thermoduric enterococci were detected in pasteurized milk stored at 4°C for 2 wk (typically 1 to 9 cells/100mL, up to 2.82 log10 cfu/mL), demonstrating the potential of enterococci to survive pasteurization and contribute to milk spoilage at refrigeration temperatures. This is particularly relevant for milk that is aseptically packaged to exclude gram-negative psychrotrophic bacteria and kept above the recommended storage temperature of ≤5°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M McAuley
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Private Bag 16, Werribee, Victoria, Australia, 3030; Melbourne School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3010.
| | - Margaret L Britz
- Melbourne School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Kari S Gobius
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Private Bag 16, Werribee, Victoria, Australia, 3030
| | - Heather M Craven
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Private Bag 16, Werribee, Victoria, Australia, 3030
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167
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Isolation and preliminary characterisation of bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecium GHB21 isolated from Algerian paste of dates “ghars”. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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168
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Jaouani I, Abbassi M, Ribeiro S, Khemiri M, Mansouri R, Messadi L, Silva C. Safety and technological properties of bacteriocinogenic enterococci isolates from Tunisia. J Appl Microbiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Jaouani
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research; Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia; Tunis Tunisia
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte; Université de Carthage; Bizerte Tunisia
| | - M.S. Abbassi
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research; Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia; Tunis Tunisia
| | - S.C. Ribeiro
- CITA-A, Centro de Investigação e Tecnologias Agrárias dos Açores; Universidade dos Açores; Angra do Heroísmo Portugal
| | - M. Khemiri
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research; Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia; Tunis Tunisia
| | - R. Mansouri
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research; Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia; Tunis Tunisia
| | - L. Messadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; National School of Veterinary Medicine; La Manouba University; SidiThabet Tunisia
| | - C.C.G. Silva
- CITA-A, Centro de Investigação e Tecnologias Agrárias dos Açores; Universidade dos Açores; Angra do Heroísmo Portugal
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169
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Benefits of combinative application of probiotic, enterocin M-producing strain Enterococcus faecium AL41 and Eleutherococcus senticosus in rabbits. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2015; 61:169-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-015-0423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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170
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Terzić-Vidojević A, Veljović K, Begović J, Filipić B, Popović D, Tolinački M, Miljković M, Kojić M, Golić N. Diversity and antibiotic susceptibility of autochthonous dairy enterococci isolates: are they safe candidates for autochthonous starter cultures? Front Microbiol 2015; 6:954. [PMID: 26441888 PMCID: PMC4563272 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococci represent the most controversial group of dairy bacteria. They are found to be the main constituent of many traditional Mediterranean dairy products and contribute to their characteristic taste and flavor. On the other hand, during the last 50 years antibiotic-resistant enterococci have emerged as leading causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity, technological properties, antibiotic susceptibility and virulence traits of 636 enterococci previously isolated from 55 artisan dairy products from 12 locations in the Western Balkan countries (WBC) of Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. All strains were identified both by microbiological and molecular methods. The predominant species was Enterococcus durans, followed by Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Over 44% of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, while 26.2% of the isolates were multi-resistant to three or more antibiotics belonging to different families. 185 isolates (29.1%) were susceptible to all 13 of the antibiotics tested. The antibiotic-susceptible isolates were further tested for possible virulence genes and the production of biogenic amines. Finally, five enterococci isolates were found to be antibiotic susceptible with good technological characteristics and without virulence traits or the ability to produce biogenic amines, making them possible candidates for biotechnological application as starter cultures in the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarela Terzić-Vidojević
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Veljović
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Begović
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Brankica Filipić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia ; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušanka Popović
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Tolinački
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Miljković
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Kojić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Golić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
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171
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Kadri Z, Spitaels F, Cnockaert M, Praet J, El Farricha O, Swings J, Vandamme P. Enterococcus bulliens sp. nov., a novel lactic acid bacterium isolated from camel milk. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 108:1257-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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172
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Olawale AK, David OM, Oluyege AO, Osuntoyinbo RT, Laleye SA, Famurewa O. Histopathological changes induced in an animal model by potentially pathogenic Enterococcus faecalis strains recovered from ready-to-eat food outlets in Osun State, Nigeria. Infect Drug Resist 2015; 8:181-7. [PMID: 26170700 PMCID: PMC4492643 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s61381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococci have been implicated as an emerging important cause of several diseases and multiple antibiotic resistance. However, there is little information about the prevalence of pathogenic and/or antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus faecalis in ready-to-eat foods in Nigeria. Here we report the pathogenic potential of three selected antibiotic-resistant E. faecalis strains isolated from food canteens and food outlets with different virulence determinant genes, including EFC 12 (with gel+, esp+, cylA+, and asa1+), EFT 148 (with gel+, ace+, and asa1+), and EFS 18 (with esp+ and cylA+) in an animal model. Enterococcemia, hematological parameters, and histopathological changes in organ tissues were examined in experimental animals. The results showed differences in enterococcemia and hematological parameters between the control group and experimental animal group. Enterococcemia was observed for 7 days, and the animal group infected with EFC 12 showed the highest growth rate, followed by EFT 148, with the lowest growth rate seen in the EFS 18-infected group. White blood cell count, packed cell volume, and platelets were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the experimental animals compared with the controls. White blood cells decreased drastically during the study period in rats challenged with EFC 12 (from 7,800 to 6,120 per mm3) but levels remained higher in the control group (from 9,228 to 9,306 per mm3). Histopathological changes included areas of pronounced hemorrhage, necrosis, and distortion in liver tissues, which were more marked in rats infected with EFC 12, followed by EFT 148, then EFS 18. The results of this study suggest the presence of potentially pathogenic E. faecalis strains in food canteens and food outlets; hence, there is a need for strict adherence to good hygiene practices in the study area owing to the epidemiological significance of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adetunji Kola Olawale
- Department of Applied Sciences, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, Nigeria ; Department of Microbiology, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Oluwole Moses David
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria ; Phytomedicine Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Oladiran Famurewa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
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173
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Maiti TK, Nagarathna S, Kumari HBV, Shukla DP. A series of enterococcal brain abscesses. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2015; 6:434-7. [PMID: 26167038 PMCID: PMC4481809 DOI: 10.4103/0976-3147.158774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neurosurgeons in developing countries come across brain abscess frequently, but Enterococcus as a cause of abscess is rare. Aims: To describe clinical profile and treatment of a series of patients with enterococcal brain abscess. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed microbiological records of patients with brain abscess to identify Enterococcus as a causative organism. Results: 12 patients (nine males) were diagnosed to have enterococcal brain abscess. All were due to E. species. Conclusions: The clinical feature and management are not different from other etiological agents. The prognosis of enterococcal brain abscess is more favourable than bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy K Maiti
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S Nagarathna
- Department of Neuromicrobiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - H B Veena Kumari
- Department of Neuromicrobiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhaval P Shukla
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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174
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Strateva T, Dimov SG, Atanasova D, Petkova V, Savov E, Mitov I. Molecular genetic study of potentially bacteriocinogenic clinical and dairy Enterococcus spp. isolates from Bulgaria. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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175
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Soares-Santos V, Barreto AS, Semedo-Lemsaddek T. Characterization of Enterococci from Food and Food-Related Settings. J Food Prot 2015; 78:1320-6. [PMID: 26197283 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus species are ubiquitous in nature, exist at high levels in food, and can cause severe diseases in humans. Thus, surveillance of enterococci harboring antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in food and food-related environments is needed. In the present study, 89 samples from food and food processing surfaces were collected in a cheese factory, a swine slaughterhouse, and a supermarket, and 132 Enterococcus isolates were recovered. Most isolates were identified as E. faecalis, which is considered the most pathogenic member of this genus. Safety analysis covering antibiotic resistance revealed that all isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, linezolid, nitrofurantoin, or teicoplanin. More than half of the isolates were resistant to quinupristin-dalfopristin, tetracycline, and bacitracin, and less than half were resistant to the other antibiotics evaluated. Regarding virulence factors, 52% the isolates were beta-hemolytic, 39% were gelatinase producers, and 45% contained the gelE gene. For the remaining genes evaluated, efaAfs was detected in more than half of the isolates, and agg, esp, and efaAfm were found in less than half of the isolates. The present investigation revealed that food-related enterococci obtained from very different settings have multidrug resistance and virulence factors, highlighting the importance of effective surveillance networks to avoid the spread of putative pathogenic enterococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Soares-Santos
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Polo Universitário da Ajuda, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António Salvador Barreto
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Polo Universitário da Ajuda, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Semedo-Lemsaddek
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Polo Universitário da Ajuda, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
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176
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Karaffová V, Bobíková K, Husáková E, Levkut M, Herich R, Revajová V, Levkutová M, Levkut M. Interaction of TGF-β4 and IL-17 with IgA secretion in the intestine of chickens fed with E. faecium AL41 and challenged with S. Enteritidis. Res Vet Sci 2015; 100:75-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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177
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Arabica coffee extract shows antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis and low toxicity towards a human cell line. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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178
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Roy U, Chalasani AG, Shekh MR. The anti-Candida activity by Ancillary Proteins of an Enterococcus faecium strain. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:339. [PMID: 26005434 PMCID: PMC4424852 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An antimycotic activity toward seven strains of Candida albicans was demonstrated erstwhile by a wild-type Enterococcus faecium isolated from a penguin rookery of the Antarctic region. In the present study the antimicrobial principle was purified by ion exchange and gel permeation chromatography and further was analyzed by LC-ESI-MS/MS. In the purification steps, the dialyzed concentrate and ion exchange fractions inhibited C. albicans MTCC 3958, 183, and SC 5314. However, the gel filtration purified fractions inhibited MTCC 3958 and 183. The data obtained from the LC-ESI-MS/MS indicate that the antimicrobial activity of the anti-Candida protein produced by E. faecium is facilitated by Sag A/Bb for the binding of the indicator organism's cell membrane. Partial N-terminal sequence revealed 12 N-terminal amino acid residues and its analysis shown that it belongs to the LysM motif. The nucleotide sequence of PCR-amplified product could detect 574 nucleotides of the LysM gene responsible for binding to chitin of the cell wall of Candida sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus Vasco Da Gama, India
| | - Ajay G Chalasani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus Vasco Da Gama, India
| | - M Raeesh Shekh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus Vasco Da Gama, India
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179
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Evaluation of resistance genes and virulence factors in a food isolated Enterococcus durans with potential probiotic effect. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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180
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Talebi M, Sadeghi J, Rahimi F, Pourshafie MR. Isolation and Biochemical Fingerprinting of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium From Meat, Chicken and Cheese. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e15815. [PMID: 26034532 PMCID: PMC4449848 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.8(4)2015.15815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are important nosocomial pathogens and food chain has been considered as an assumed source for dissemination of VRE to human. Objectives: The presence of VRE isolates from food samples and typing of these isolates with Phene plate, a biochemical fingerprinting method, were investigated. Materials and Methods: Thirty samples of meat, chicken and cheese were analyzed for VRE during 2010. Antibiotic susceptibility tests and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were also examined. VRE isolates were typed with the Phene plate system (PhPlate), a biochemical fingerprinting method. Results: A total of 70 VRE isolates were obtained and identified as Enterococcus faecium by species-specific PCR. All the isolates carried vanA, while none of them harbored vanB. The VRE isolates included 35, 27, and 8 isolates from meat, chicken and cheese, respectively. Typing with the PhPlate revealed a diversity index of 0.78 for E. faecium, containing 10 common and four single types. The results of antibiotic susceptibility and MIC tests showed an increased resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, ampicillin and gentamicin, to which, 100%, 100%, 100%, and 95% of VRE isolates were resistant, respectively. Only 5% of the isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol and the MIC of the isolates for vancomycin and teicoplanin was ≥ 256 µg/mL and for gentamicin-resistant isolates it was 1024 µg/mL. Conventional and molecular identification tests exhibited that all the isolates were E. faecium carrying vanA. None of the isolates harbored vanB. Conclusions: The results showed that enterococci are common contaminants in food. Indeed, this study indicates a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant enterococci in food of animal origin in Iran. Isolating some persisting enterococcal isolates revealed that continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in enterococci from food is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Talebi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Javad Sadeghi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fateh Rahimi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IR Iran
- Corresponding authors: Fateh Rahimi, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-3137932250, Fax: +98-3137932456, E-mail: ; Mohammad Reza Pourshafie, Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2166405534, Fax: +98-2166405535, E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Reza Pourshafie
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding authors: Fateh Rahimi, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-3137932250, Fax: +98-3137932456, E-mail: ; Mohammad Reza Pourshafie, Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2166405534, Fax: +98-2166405535, E-mail:
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181
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Todorov SD, Franco BDGM, Wiid IJ. In vitro study of beneficial properties and safety of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Portuguese fermented meat products. Benef Microbes 2015; 5:351-66. [PMID: 24463204 DOI: 10.3920/bm2013.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Many lactic acid bacteria produce bacteriocins with a rather broad spectrum of inhibition, which could offer potential applications in food preservation. Bacteriocin production by starter cultures may bring advantage to these strains in competitive interactions with pathogenic bacteria from the food matrix. The objective of this study was to determine the safety of beneficial strains (Lactobacillus plantarum ST202Ch and ST216Ch, Enterococcus faecium ST211Ch, and Lactobacillus sakei ST22Ch, ST153Ch and ST154Ch) previously isolated from fermented meat products and characterised as bacteriocin producers. Auto-aggregation was strain-specific, and values of 28.97, 27.86 and 28.56% were recorded for L. sakei ST22Ch, ST153Ch and ST154Ch, respectively, 16.95 and 14.58% for L. plantarum ST202Ch and ST216Ch, respectively, and 12.77% for E. faecium ST211Ch. Various degrees of co-aggregation between 28.85 and 44.76% for Listeria monocytogenes 211 and 409, and between 23.60 to 34.96% for E. faecium ATCC 19443 were observed. According to the results of the diffusion method, the studied strains demonstrated susceptibility to penicillin G, ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulonic acid, imipenem, linezolid, and tetracycline. In addition, the susceptibility of the six strains to various non-antibiotic commercial drugs was examined. Production of β-galactosidase by L. sakei ST22Ch, ST153Ch and ST154Ch, L. plantarum ST202Ch and ST216Ch, and E. faecium ST211Ch was confirmed by employing sterile filter paper discs impregnated with o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranose. A statistically significant (P<0.001) inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth by bacteriocins produced by L. plantarum ST202Ch (38.3%) and ST216Ch (48.6%), L. sakei ST153Ch (16.2%) and ST154Ch (16.1%), and E. faecium ST211Ch (21.7%) was observed. As determined by the polymerase chain reaction, the tested strains showed a low virulence gene profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Todorov
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Ave. Prof. Lineus Prestes 580, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - B D G M Franco
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Ave. Prof. Lineus Prestes 580, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - I J Wiid
- Division Molecular and Cellular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, P.O. Box 19063, 7505 Tygerberg, South Africa
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182
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Liu W, Zhang L, Shi J, Yi H, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Gao W, Du M, Han X, Yu X. Assessment of the safety and applications of bacteriocinogenic Enterococcus faecium Y31 as an adjunct culture in North-eastern Chinese traditional fermentation paocai. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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183
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Fernández M, Hudson JA, Korpela R, de los Reyes-Gavilán CG. Impact on human health of microorganisms present in fermented dairy products: an overview. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:412714. [PMID: 25839033 PMCID: PMC4369881 DOI: 10.1155/2015/412714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fermented dairy products provide nutrients in our diet, some of which are produced by the action of microorganisms during fermentation. These products can be populated by a diverse microbiota that impacts the organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics foods as well as human health. Acidification is carried out by starter lactic acid bacteria (LAB) whereas other LAB, moulds, and yeasts become dominant during ripening and contribute to the development of aroma and texture in dairy products. Probiotics are generally part of the nonstarter microbiota, and their use has been extended in recent years. Fermented dairy products can contain beneficial compounds, which are produced by the metabolic activity of their microbiota (vitamins, conjugated linoleic acid, bioactive peptides, and gamma-aminobutyric acid, among others). Some microorganisms can also release toxic compounds, the most notorious being biogenic amines and aflatoxins. Though generally considered safe, fermented dairy products can be contaminated by pathogens. If proliferation occurs during manufacture or storage, they can cause sporadic cases or outbreaks of disease. This paper provides an overview on the current state of different aspects of the research on microorganisms present in dairy products in the light of their positive or negative impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernández
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain
| | - John Andrew Hudson
- Food Safety Programme, ESR-Christchurch Science Centre, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand
- Food and Environment Safety Programme, The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Riitta Korpela
- Medical Nutrition Physiology Group, Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain
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184
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Dos Santos KMO, Vieira ADS, Salles HO, Oliveira JDS, Rocha CRC, Borges MDF, Bruno LM, Franco BDGDM, Todorov SD. Safety, beneficial and technological properties of Enterococcus faecium isolated from Brazilian cheeses. Braz J Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 26221113 PMCID: PMC4512068 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246120131245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the safety and technological properties of Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from Brazilian Coalho cheeses. High levels of co-aggregation were observed between Enterococcus faecium strains EM485 and EM925 and both Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens . Both strains presented low levels of hydrophobicity. E. faecium EM485 and EM925 were both able to grow in the presence of 0.5% of the sodium salts of taurocholic acid (TC), taurodeoxycholic acid (TDC), glycocholic acid (GC), and glycodeoxycholic acid (GDC), although they showed the ability to deconjugate only GDC and TDC. Both strains showed good survival when exposed to conditions simulating the gastro intestinal tract (GIT). When tested for the presence of virulence genes, only tyrosine decarboxylase and vancomycin B generated positive PCR results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Maria Olbrich Dos Santos
- Empresa Brazileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. ; Empresa Brazileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Caprinos e Ovinos, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Antônio Diogo Silva Vieira
- Empresa Brazileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Caprinos e Ovinos, Sobral, CE, Brazil. ; Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cíntia Renata Costa Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Borges
- Empresa Brazileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Agroindústria Tropical, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Laura Maria Bruno
- Empresa Brazileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Agroindústria Tropical, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov
- Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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185
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Fernandes MDS, Fujimoto G, de Souza LP, Kabuki DY, da Silva MJ, Kuaye AY. Dissemination of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in a ricotta processing plant and evaluation of pathogenic and antibiotic resistance profiles. J Food Sci 2015; 80:M765-75. [PMID: 25874819 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the sources of contamination by Enterococcus spp. in a ricotta processing line were evaluated. The isolated strains were tested for virulence genes (gelE, cylA,B, M, esp, agg, ace, efaA, vanB), expression of virulence factors (hemolysin and gelatinase), and the resistance to 10 different antibiotics. Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis were subjected to discriminatory identification by intergenic spacer region (ITS)-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the ITS region. The results showed that Enterococcus spp. was detected in the raw materials, environment samples and the final product. None of the 107 Enterococcus isolates were completely free from all virulence genes considered. A fraction of 21.5% of the isolates containing all of the genes of the cylA, B, M operon also expressed β-hemolysis. Most of the isolates showed the gelE gene, but only 9.3% were able to hydrolyze gelatin. In addition, 23.5% of the observed Enterococcus isolates had the vanB gene but were susceptible to vancomycin in vitro. The dissemination of antibiotic-resistant enterococci was revealed in this study: 19.3% of the E. faecium samples and 78.0% of the E. faecalis samples were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested. Sequencing of region discriminated 5 and 7 distinct groups among E. faecalis and E. faecium, respectively. Although some similarity was observed among some of the isolates, all E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates had genetic differences both in the ITS region and in the virulence profile, which makes them different from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg da Silva Fernandes
- Dept. of Food Technology, Univ. of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, CEP 13083-862, P.O. Box 6121, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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186
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El-Ghaish S, El-Baz A, Hwanhlem N, Zommara M, Ayad E, Choiset Y, Haertlé T, Chobert JM. Bacteriocin production and safety evaluation of non-starter Enterococcus faecium IM1 and Enterococcus hirae IM1 strains isolated from homemade Egyptian dairy products. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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187
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da Silva Fernandes M, Kabuki DY, Kuaye AY. Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in a multi-species biofilm with Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium and control through sanitation procedures. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 200:5-12. [PMID: 25655573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The formation of mono-species biofilm (Listeria monocytogenes) and multi-species biofilms (Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, and L. monocytogenes) was evaluated. In addition, the effectiveness of sanitation procedures for the control of the multi-species biofilm also was evaluated. The biofilms were grown on stainless steel coupons at various incubation temperatures (7, 25 and 39°C) and contact times (0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days). In all tests, at 7°C, the microbial counts were below 0.4 log CFU/cm(2) and not characteristic of biofilms. In mono-species biofilm, the counts of L. monocytogenes after 8 days of contact were 4.1 and 2.8 log CFU/cm(2) at 25 and 39°C, respectively. In the multi-species biofilms, Enterococcus spp. were present at counts of 8 log CFU/cm(2) at 25 and 39°C after 8 days of contact. However, the L. monocytogenes in multi-species biofilms was significantly affected by the presence of Enterococcus spp. and by temperature. At 25°C, the growth of L. monocytogenes biofilms was favored in multi-species cultures, with counts above 6 log CFU/cm(2) after 8 days of contact. In contrast, at 39°C, a negative effect was observed for L. monocytogenes biofilm growth in mixed cultures, with a significant reduction in counts over time and values below 0.4 log CFU/cm(2) starting at day 4. Anionic tensioactive cleaning complemented with another procedure (acid cleaning, disinfection or acid cleaning+disinfection) eliminated the multi-species biofilms under all conditions tested (counts of all micro-organisms<0.4 log CFU/cm(2)). Peracetic acid was the most effective disinfectant, eliminating the multi-species biofilms under all tested conditions (counts of the all microorganisms <0.4 log CFU/cm(2)). In contrast, biguanide was the least effective disinfectant, failing to eliminate biofilms under all the test conditions.
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188
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Jahan M, Zhanel GG, Sparling R, Holley RA. Horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance from Enterococcus faecium of fermented meat origin to clinical isolates of E. faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 199:78-85. [PMID: 25647243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus species are part of the normal intestinal flora of a large number of mammals including humans and consequently, they can be used as indicators of faecal contamination in food and water for human consumption. Their presence in large numbers in foods may indicate a lapse in sanitation and their ability to serve as a genetic reservoir of transferable antibiotic resistance is of concern. In the present study, Enterococcus spp., isolated from commercially fermented meat and human clinical specimen were studied to determine genetic relationships. SmaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns exhibited genomic heterogeneity within and between both groups of isolates. However, in spite of this heterogeneity there were still substantial phenotypic similarities which suggested that food might be a potential vehicle for distribution of resistant bacteria among humans. In vitro conjugation experiments demonstrated transfer of the tetracycline resistant determinant, tet(M), from Enterococcus faecium S27 isolated from fermented sausage to clinical isolates of both E. faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. The streptomycin resistance of E. faecium S27 was also transferred to a clinical strain, E. faecalis 82916, which was confirmed by the presence of the streptomycin resistance gene, aadA, in the donor and transconjugant strains. Since the aadA gene is associated with a class 1 integron, results also suggested that resistance transfer might have occurred via an integron. It appears this is the first identification of a class 1 integron in E. faecium isolated from food. The importance of food enterococci as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes and the potential for their genetic transfer to human strains following consumption of uncooked or undercooked contaminated meat is underlined by this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musarrat Jahan
- Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - George G Zhanel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
| | - Richard Sparling
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Richard A Holley
- Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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189
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Kročko M, Čanigová M, Ducková V. Occurrence of enterococci in raw pork and beef and their antibiotics multiresistance. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun200856020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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190
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Li B, Zhen H, Zhang X, Wang S, Zhang Y, Fang Z, Huang Z, Shi P. Probiotic Properties of E
nterococcus
Strains Isolated from the Silage. J Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Hong Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Zhijia Fang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; 2999 Renmin Road Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; 2999 Renmin Road Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
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191
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Hermanns G, Funck GD, Schmidt JT, Pereira JQ, Brandelli A, Richards NSPDS. Evaluation of Probiotic Characteristics of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Artisan Cheese. J Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Hermanns
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos; Centro de Ciências Rurais; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; 97119-900 Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Graciele Daiana Funck
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial; Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
| | | | - Jamile Queiroz Pereira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada; Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Adriano Brandelli
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada; Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
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192
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Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus spp. isolated from retail cheese, ready-to-eat salads, ham, and raw meat. Food Microbiol 2014; 41:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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193
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Lee YD, Chun H, Park JH. Characteristics and growth inhibition of isolated bacteriophages for Enterococcus faecalis. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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194
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Camargo CH, Bruder-Nascimento A, Lee SHI, Júnior AF, Kaneno R, Rall VLM. Prevalence and phenotypic characterization of Enterococcus spp. isolated from food in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:111-5. [PMID: 24948921 PMCID: PMC4059285 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the frequency of enterococci from food and found 95.2% of positivity, being E. faecium and E. faecalis the most frequent species. High-level streptomycin resistance was observed, as well as gelatinase and hemolysis activity, showing the potential role of environmental strains as reservoir of virulence and resistance traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henrique Camargo
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" BotucatuSP Brazil ; Departamento de Clínica Médica Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" BotucatuSP Brazil
| | - Ariane Bruder-Nascimento
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" BotucatuSP Brazil
| | - Sarah Hwa In Lee
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos Universidade de São Paulo PirassunungaSP Brazil
| | - Ary Fernandes Júnior
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" BotucatuSP Brazil
| | - Ramon Kaneno
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" BotucatuSP Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Mores Rall
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" BotucatuSP Brazil
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195
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Lucena-Padrós H, González JM, Caballero-Guerrero B, Ruiz-Barba JL, Maldonado-Barragán A. Enterococcus olivae sp. nov., isolated from Spanish-style green-olive fermentations. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:2534-2539. [PMID: 24812366 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.062208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Six strains of a hitherto unknown, Gram-stain-positive coccus were recovered from samples of Spanish-style green-olive fermentations. The 16S rRNA gene sequences from these isolates shared 98.7% and 98.5% of their nucleotide positions with those from Enterococcus saccharolyticus subsp. taiwanensis 812(T) and from E. saccharolyticus subsp. saccharolyticus ATCC 43076(T), respectively. The sequence of the rpoA gene in the isolates was 95% similar to that of E. saccharolyticus CECT 4309(T) ( = ATCC 43076(T)). The 16S rRNA and rpoA gene phylogenies revealed that the isolates grouped in a statistically well-supported cluster separate from E. saccharolyticus. Enzyme activity profiles as well as fermentation patterns differentiated the novel bacteria from other members of the Enterococcus genus. Finally, phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data supported the identification of a novel species of the genus Enterococcus, for which the name Enterococcus olivae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IGG16.11(T) ( = CECT 8063(T) = DSM 25431(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Lucena-Padrós
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Padre García Tejero 4, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan M González
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), P.O. Box 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Belén Caballero-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Padre García Tejero 4, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Luis Ruiz-Barba
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Padre García Tejero 4, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Maldonado-Barragán
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Padre García Tejero 4, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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196
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Settanni L, Moschetti G. New trends in technology and identity of traditional dairy and fermented meat production processes: Preservation of typicality and hygiene. Trends Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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197
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Medeiros AW, Pereira RI, Oliveira DV, Martins PD, d'Azevedo PA, Van der Sand S, Frazzon J, Frazzon APG. Molecular detection of virulence factors among food and clinical Enterococcus faecalis strains in South Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:327-32. [PMID: 24948952 PMCID: PMC4059318 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014005000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present report aimed to perform a molecular epidemiological survey by investigating the presence of virulence factors in E. faecalis isolated from different human clinical (n = 57) and food samples (n = 55) in Porto Alegre, Brazil, collected from 2006 to 2009. In addition, the ability to form biofilm in vitro on polystyrene and the β-haemolytic and gelatinase activities were determined. Clinical strains presented a higher prevalence of aggregation substance (agg), enterococcal surface protein (esp) and cytolysin (cylA) genes when compared with food isolates. The esp gene was found only in clinical strains. On the other hand, the gelatinase (gelE) and adherence factor (ace) genes had similar prevalence among the strains, showing the widespread occurrence of these virulence factors among food and clinical E. faecalis strains in South Brazil. More than three virulence factor genes were detected in 77.2% and 18.2% of clinical and food strains, respectively. Gelatinase and β-haemolysin activities were not associated with the presence of gelE and cylA genes. The ability to produce biofilm was detected in 100% of clinical and 94.6% of food isolates, and clinical strains were more able to form biofilm than the food isolates (Student’s t-test, p < 0.01). Results from the statistical analysis showed significant associations between strong biofilm formation and ace (p = 0.015) and gelE (p = 0.007) genes in clinical strains. In conclusion, our data indicate that E. faecalis strains isolated from clinical and food samples possess distinctive patterns of virulence factors, with a larger number of genes that encode virulence factors detected in clinical strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto AlegreRS Brazil
| | - R I Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde Departamento de Microbiologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto AlegreRS Brazil
| | - D V Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto AlegreRS Brazil
| | - P D Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto AlegreRS Brazil
| | - P A d'Azevedo
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto AlegreRS Brazil
| | - S Van der Sand
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto AlegreRS Brazil
| | - J Frazzon
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto AlegreRS Brazil
| | - A P G Frazzon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto AlegreRS Brazil
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198
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Favaro L, Basaglia M, Casella S, Hue I, Dousset X, Dora Gombossy de Melo Franco B, Todorov SD. Bacteriocinogenic potential and safety evaluation of non-starter Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from home made white brine cheese. Food Microbiol 2014; 38:228-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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199
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dos Santos KMO, Vieira ADS, Rocha CRC, do Nascimento JCF, de Souza Lopes AC, Bruno LM, Carvalho JDG, de Melo Franco BDG, Todorov SD. Brazilian artisanal cheeses as a source of beneficial Enterococcus faecium strains: characterization of the bacteriocinogenic potential. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0789-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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200
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Furlaneto-Maia L, Rocha KR, Henrique FC, Giazzi A, Furlaneto MC. Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Enterococcus</i> sp Isolated from Soft Cheese in Southern Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2014.43023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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