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Zhou Y, Guo Y, Zhu Y, Sun Y, Li W, Li Z, Wei L. Dual PPARγ/ɑ agonist oroxyloside suppresses cell cycle progression by glycolipid metabolism switch-mediated increase of reactive oxygen species levels. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:205-217. [PMID: 33713839 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells prefers to rely on aerobic glycolysis than pyruvate oxidation to meet the high demand of energy for rapidly proliferation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a kind of important ligand-inducible transcription factors and play crucial roles in glucose and lipid metabolism. Careful designing of novel agonists for PPARs, may show improvement with the side effects and also increase the therapeutic value for cancer and other metabolic disorder diseases. Compared with normal human liver cells, lower expression or acitivity of PPARs is observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we show that oroxyloside (OAG) is a new dual agonist of PPARγ/ɑ, and inhibits cell proliferation of HCC based on metabolic switch. Via both PPAR-dependent and PPAR-independent regulations on glycolipid metabolic enzymes, OAG shuts down the catabolism of glucose and promotes fatty acids oxidation to generate acetyl-CoA for TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. The metabolic switch induced by OAG results in a marked increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, leading to rapid dephosphorylation of RB and cell-cycle arrest in G1 phase. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) and β-Oxidation are required for the suppression of cell cycle progression by OAG. Together, our findings provide a new drug candidate and a viable therapeutic strategy for HCC based on metabolic reprogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yongjian Guo
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yejin Zhu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medcine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuening Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Research Center of Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Libin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, PR China.
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152
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Arundhathi JRD, Mathur SR, Gogia A, Deo SVS, Mohapatra P, Prasad CP. Metabolic changes in triple negative breast cancer-focus on aerobic glycolysis. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4733-4745. [PMID: 34047880 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06414-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Among breast cancer subtypes, the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis. In absence of any permitted targeted therapy, standard chemotherapy is the mainstay for TNBC treatment. Hence, there is a crucial need to identify potential druggable targets in TNBCs for its effective treatment. In recent times, metabolic reprogramming has emerged as cancer cells hallmark, wherein cancer cells display discrete metabolic phenotypes to fuel cell progression and metastasis. Altered glycolysis is one such phenotype, in which even in oxygen abundance majority of cancer cells harvest considerable amount of energy through elevated glycolytic-flux. In the present review, we attempt to summarize the role of key glycolytic enzymes i.e. HK, Hexokinase; PFK, Phosphofructokinase; PKM2, Pyruvate kinase isozyme type 2; and LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase in TNBCs, and possible therapeutic options presently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Dev Arundhathi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr BRA IRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sandeep R Mathur
- Department of Pathology, Dr BRA IRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ajay Gogia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr BRA IRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - S V S Deo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dr BRA IRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110029, India
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153
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Solaini G, Sgarbi G, Baracca A. The F1Fo-ATPase inhibitor, IF1, is a critical regulator of energy metabolism in cancer cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:815-827. [PMID: 33929490 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, IF1, the endogenous inhibitor of the mitochondrial F1Fo-ATPase (ATP synthase) has assumed greater and ever greater interest since it has been found to be overexpressed in many cancers. At present, several findings indicate that IF1 is capable of playing a central role in cancer cells by promoting metabolic reprogramming, proliferation and resistance to cell death. However, the mechanism(s) at the basis of this pro-oncogenic action of IF1 remains elusive. Here, we recall the main features of the mechanism of the action of IF1 when the ATP synthase works in reverse, and discuss the experimental evidence that support its relevance in cancer cells. In particular, a clear pro-oncogenic action of IF1 is to avoid wasting of ATP when cancer cells are exposed to anoxia or near anoxia conditions, therefore favoring cell survival and tumor growth. However, more recently, various papers have described IF1 as an inhibitor of the ATP synthase when it is working physiologically (i.e. synthethizing ATP), and therefore reprogramming cell metabolism to aerobic glycolysis. In contrast, other studies excluded IF1 as an inhibitor of ATP synthase under normoxia, providing the basis for a hot debate. This review focuses on the role of IF1 as a modulator of the ATP synthase in normoxic cancer cells with the awareness that the knowledge of the molecular action of IF1 on the ATP synthase is crucial in unravelling the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for the pro-oncogenic role of IF1 in cancer and in developing related anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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154
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Zhou W, Wang Y, Gao H, Jia Y, Xu Y, Wan X, Zhang Z, Yu H, Yan S. Identification of Key Genes Involved in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with Diabetes Mellitus Based on Gene Expression Profiling Analysis. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:604730. [PMID: 34257566 PMCID: PMC8262175 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.604730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify key genes involved in the progression of diabetic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Two gene expression datasets (GSE74629 and GSE15932) were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus. Then, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between diabetic PDAC and non-diabetic PDAC were identified, followed by a functional analysis. Subsequently, gene modules related to DM were extracted by weighed gene co-expression network analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for genes in significant modules was constructed and functional analyses were also performed. After that, the optimal feature genes were screened by support vector machine (SVM) recursive feature elimination and SVM classification model was built. Finally, survival analysis was conducted to identify prognostic genes. The correlations between prognostic genes and other clinical factors were also analyzed. Totally, 1546 DEGs with consistent change tendencies were identified and functional analyses showed they were strongly correlated with metabolic pathways. Furthermore, there were two significant gene modules, in which RPS27A and UBA52 were key genes. Functional analysis of genes in two gene modules revealed that these genes primarily participated in oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Additionally, 21 feature genes were closely related with diabetic PDAC and the corresponding SVM classifier markedly distinguished diabetic PDAC from non-diabetic PDAC patients. Finally, decreased KIF22 and PYGL levels had good survival outcomes for PDAC. Four genes (RPS27A, UBA52, KIF22 and PYGL) might be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic PDAC. Furthermore, KIF22 and PYGL acted as prognostic biomarkers for diabetic PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yujing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Jia
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanxin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaojing Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haiqiao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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155
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Li T, Xian HC, Dai L, Tang YL, Liang XH. Tip of the Iceberg: Roles of CircRNAs in Cancer Glycolysis. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2379-2395. [PMID: 33854335 PMCID: PMC8039208 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s297140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Warburg effect reflects that tumor cells tend to generate energy by aerobic glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), thus promoting the development of malignant tumors. As a kind of non-coding RNA, circular RNA (circRNA) is characterized by a closed ring structure and emerges as a regulator of cancer metabolism. Mounting studies revealed that circRNA can regulate the cancer metabolism process through affecting the expression of glycolysis relevant enzymes, transcription factors (TFs), and signaling pathways. In this review, we comprehensively analyzed and concluded the mechanism of circRNA regulating glycolysis, hoping to deepen the cognition of the cancer metabolic regulatory network and to reap huge fruits in targeted cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Chun Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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156
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Qin F, Fan Q, Yu PKN, Almahi WA, Kong P, Yang M, Cao W, Nie L, Chen G, Han W. Properties and gene expression profiling of acquired radioresistance in mouse breast cancer cells. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:628. [PMID: 33987326 PMCID: PMC8106033 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Acquired radioresistant cells exhibit many characteristic changes which may influence cancer progression and further treatment options. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of radioresistant human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer cells on both phenotypic and molecular levels. Methods We established an acquired radioresistant cell line from its parental NF639 cell line (HER2-positive) by fractionated radiation and assessed changes in cellular morphology, proliferation, migration, anti-apoptosis activity, basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and energy metabolism. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was also used to reveal the potential regulating genes and molecular mechanisms associated with the acquired changed phenotypes. Real-time PCR was used to validate the results of RNA-seq. Results The NF639R cells exhibited increased radioresistance and enhanced activity of proliferation, migration and anti-apoptosis, but decreased basal ROS. Two main energy metabolism pathways, mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic, were also upregulated. Furthermore, 490 differentially expressed genes were identified by RNA-seq. Enrichment analysis based on Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes showed many differently expressed genes were significantly enriched in cell morphology, proliferation, migration, anti-apoptosis, antioxidation, tumor stem cells and energy metabolism and the signaling cascades such as the transforming growth factor-β, Wnt, Hedgehog, vascular endothelial growth factor, retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor, Toll-like receptor and nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor were significantly altered in NF639R cells. Conclusions In clinical radiotherapy, repeat radiotherapy for short-term recurrence of breast cancer may result in enhanced radioresistance and promote malignant progression. Our research provided hints to understand the tumor resistance to radiotherapy de novo and recurrence with a worse prognosis following radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Scinece Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Institute of Sericultural, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Fan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Scinece Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Peter K N Yu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Waleed Abdelbagi Almahi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Scinece Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Peizhong Kong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Scinece Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Scinece Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, China.,Clinical Pathology Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Scinece Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, China
| | - Lili Nie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Guodong Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Han
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology/Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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157
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Lee SY, Kwon J, Lee KA. Bcl2l10 induces metabolic alterations in ovarian cancer cells by regulating the TCA cycle enzymes SDHD and IDH1. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:47. [PMID: 33649794 PMCID: PMC7934226 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl2‑like‑10 (Bcl2l10) has both oncogenic and tumor suppressor functions depending on the type of cancer. It has been previously demonstrated that the suppression of Bcl2l10 in ovarian cancer SKOV3 and A2780 cells causes cell cycle arrest and enhances cell proliferation, indicating that Bcl2l10 is a tumor suppressor gene in ovarian cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to identify possible downstream target genes and investigate the underlying mechanisms of action of Bcl2l10 in ovarian cancer cells. RNA sequencing (RNA‑Seq) was performed to obtain a list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Bcl2l10‑suppressed SKOV3 and A2780 cells. The RNA‑Seq data were validated by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR) and western blot analysis, and the levels of metabolites after Bcl2l10‑knockdown were measured using colorimetric assay kits. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the commonly downregulated genes in SKOV3 and A2780 cells after Bcl2l10‑knockdown were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways. The analysis of the DEGs identified from RNA‑Seq and validated by RT‑qPCR revealed that succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit D (SDHD) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), which are key enzymes of the TCA cycle that regulate oncometabolite production, may be potential downstream targets of Bcl2l10. Furthermore, Bcl2l10‑knockdown induced the accumulation of succinate and isocitrate through the downregulation of SDHD and IDH1. The present study was the first to elucidate the metabolic regulatory functions of Bcl2l10 in ovarian cancer cells, and the results indicated that Bcl2l10 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinie Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea,Correspondence to: Professor Kyung-Ah Lee, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea, E-mail:
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158
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Virtuoso A, Giovannoni R, De Luca C, Gargano F, Cerasuolo M, Maggio N, Lavitrano M, Papa M. The Glioblastoma Microenvironment: Morphology, Metabolism, and Molecular Signature of Glial Dynamics to Discover Metabolic Rewiring Sequence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3301. [PMID: 33804873 PMCID: PMC8036663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Different functional states determine glioblastoma (GBM) heterogeneity. Brain cancer cells coexist with the glial cells in a functional syncytium based on a continuous metabolic rewiring. However, standard glioma therapies do not account for the effects of the glial cells within the tumor microenvironment. This may be a possible reason for the lack of improvements in patients with high-grade gliomas therapies. Cell metabolism and bioenergetic fitness depend on the availability of nutrients and interactions in the microenvironment. It is strictly related to the cell location in the tumor mass, proximity to blood vessels, biochemical gradients, and tumor evolution, underlying the influence of the context and the timeline in anti-tumor therapeutic approaches. Besides the cancer metabolic strategies, here we review the modifications found in the GBM-associated glia, focusing on morphological, molecular, and metabolic features. We propose to analyze the GBM metabolic rewiring processes from a systems biology perspective. We aim at defining the crosstalk between GBM and the glial cells as modules. The complex networking may be expressed by metabolic modules corresponding to the GBM growth and spreading phases. Variation in the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) rate and regulation appears to be the most important part of the metabolic and functional heterogeneity, correlating with glycolysis and response to hypoxia. Integrated metabolic modules along with molecular and morphological features could allow the identification of key factors for controlling the GBM-stroma metabolism in multi-targeted, time-dependent therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Virtuoso
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania ‘‘Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.V.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (M.P.)
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | | | - Ciro De Luca
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania ‘‘Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.V.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Francesca Gargano
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania ‘‘Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.V.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Michele Cerasuolo
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania ‘‘Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.V.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Nicola Maggio
- Department of Neurology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5211401, Israel
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Michele Papa
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania ‘‘Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.V.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (M.P.)
- SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology ISBE-IT, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
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159
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitochondria have a major impact on virtually all processes linked to oncogenesis. Thus, mitochondrial metabolism inhibition has emerged as a promising anticancer strategy. In this review, we discuss the anticancer potential of mitochondrial inhibitors, with particular focus on metformin, in the context of more effective, targeted therapeutic modalities, and diagnostic strategies for cancer patients. RECENT FINDINGS Metformin has gained interest as an antitumor agent. However, promising results have not been translated into remarkable advances in the clinical practice. Recent findings emphasize the need of providing a metabolic context in which mitochondrial inhibitors may elicit its anticancerous effects. In addition, mitochondria are critical regulators in orchestrating immune responses. Thus, the immunomodulatory effect of mitochondrial inhibitors should also be taken into account to optimize its clinical use. Targeting mitochondrial metabolic network represents a promising therapeutic strategy in cancer. However, there is a need to define the metabolic context in which mitochondrial inhibitors are more effective, as well as how the cross-talk between many immunological functions and mitochondrial functionality may be exploited for a therapeutic benefit in cancer patients.
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160
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Curcio C, Brugiapaglia S, Bulfamante S, Follia L, Cappello P, Novelli F. The Glycolytic Pathway as a Target for Novel Onco-Immunology Therapies in Pancreatic Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:1642. [PMID: 33804240 PMCID: PMC7998946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most lethal forms of human cancer, characterized by unrestrained progression, invasiveness and treatment resistance. To date, there are limited curative options, with surgical resection as the only effective strategy, hence the urgent need to discover novel therapies. A platform of onco-immunology targets is represented by molecules that play a role in the reprogrammed cellular metabolism as one hallmark of cancer. Due to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME), PDA cells display an altered glucose metabolism-resulting in its increased uptake-and a higher glycolytic rate, which leads to lactate accumulation and them acting as fuel for cancer cells. The consequent acidification of the TME results in immunosuppression, which impairs the antitumor immunity. This review analyzes the genetic background and the emerging glycolytic enzymes that are involved in tumor progression, development and metastasis, and how this represents feasible therapeutic targets to counteract PDA. In particular, as the overexpressed or mutated glycolytic enzymes stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses, we will discuss their possible exploitation as immunological targets in anti-PDA therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Curcio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Centro Ricerche Medicina Sperimentale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Brugiapaglia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Centro Ricerche Medicina Sperimentale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Bulfamante
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Centro Ricerche Medicina Sperimentale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Follia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Computer Science Department, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Centro Ricerche Medicina Sperimentale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Centro Ricerche Medicina Sperimentale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Lin J, Fan L, Han Y, Guo J, Hao Z, Cao L, Kang J, Wang X, He J, Li J. The mTORC1/eIF4E/HIF-1α Pathway Mediates Glycolysis to Support Brain Hypoxia Resistance in the Gansu Zokor, Eospalax cansus. Front Physiol 2021; 12:626240. [PMID: 33708138 PMCID: PMC7940537 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.626240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gansu zokor (Eospalax cansus) is a subterranean rodent species that is unique to China. These creatures inhabit underground burrows with a hypoxia environment. Metabolic energy patterns in subterranean rodents have become a recent focus of research; however, little is known about brain energy metabolism under conditions of hypoxia in this species. The mammalian (mechanistic) target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) coordinates eukaryotic cell growth and metabolism, and its downstream targets regulate hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) under conditions of hypoxia to induce glycolysis. In this study, we compared the metabolic characteristics of hypoxia-tolerant subterranean Gansu zokors under hypoxic conditions with those of hypoxia-intolerant Sprague-Dawley rats with a similar-sized surface area. We exposed Gansu zokors and rats to hypoxia I (44 h at 10.5% O2) or hypoxia II (6 h at 6.5% O2) and then measured the transcriptional levels of mTORC1 downstream targets, the transcriptional and translational levels of glycolysis-related genes, glucose and fructose levels in plasma and brain, and the activity of key glycolysis-associated enzymes. Under hypoxia, we found that hif-1α transcription was upregulated via the mTORC1/eIF4E pathway to drive glycolysis. Furthermore, Gansu zokor brain exhibited enhanced fructose-driven glycolysis under hypoxia through increased expression of the GLUT5 fructose transporter and ketohexokinase (KHK), in addition to increased KHK enzymatic activity, and utilization of fructose; these changes did not occur in rat. However, glucose-driven glycolysis was enhanced in both Gansu zokor and rat under hypoxia II of 6.5% O2 for 6 h. Overall, our results indicate that on the basis of glucose as the main metabolic substrate, fructose is used to accelerate the supply of energy in Gansu zokor, which mirrors the metabolic responses to hypoxia in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lele Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuming Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juanjuan Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingna Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiamin Kang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianping He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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162
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Oshima N, Ishida R, Kishimoto S, Beebe K, Brender JR, Yamamoto K, Urban D, Rai G, Johnson MS, Benavides G, Squadrito GL, Crooks D, Jackson J, Joshi A, Mott BT, Shrimp JH, Moses MA, Lee MJ, Yuno A, Lee TD, Hu X, Anderson T, Kusewitt D, Hathaway HH, Jadhav A, Picard D, Trepel JB, Mitchell JB, Stott GM, Moore W, Simeonov A, Sklar LA, Norenberg JP, Linehan WM, Maloney DJ, Dang CV, Waterson AG, Hall M, Darley-Usmar VM, Krishna MC, Neckers LM. Dynamic Imaging of LDH Inhibition in Tumors Reveals Rapid In Vivo Metabolic Rewiring and Vulnerability to Combination Therapy. Cell Rep 2021; 30:1798-1810.e4. [PMID: 32049011 PMCID: PMC7039685 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The reliance of many cancers on aerobic glycolysis has stimulated efforts to develop lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitors. However, despite significant efforts, LDH inhibitors (LDHi) with sufficient specificity and in vivo activity to determine whether LDH is a feasible drug target are lacking. We describe an LDHi with potent, on-target, in vivo activity. Using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (HP-MRSI), we demonstrate in vivo LDH inhibition in two glycolytic cancer models, MIA PaCa-2 and HT29, and we correlate depth and duration of LDH inhibition with direct anti-tumor activity. HP-MRSI also reveals a metabolic rewiring that occurs in vivo within 30 min of LDH inhibition, wherein pyruvate in a tumor is redirected toward mitochondrial metabolism. Using HP-MRSI, we show that inhibition of mitochondrial complex 1 rapidly redirects tumor pyruvate toward lactate. Inhibition of both mitochondrial complex 1 and LDH suppresses metabolic plasticity, causing metabolic quiescence in vitro and tumor growth inhibition in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobu Oshima
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryo Ishida
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shun Kishimoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kristin Beebe
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Brender
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kazutoshi Yamamoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Urban
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ganesha Rai
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Michelle S Johnson
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gloria Benavides
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Giuseppe L Squadrito
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Dan Crooks
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joseph Jackson
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Abhinav Joshi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Bryan T Mott
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jonathan H Shrimp
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Michael A Moses
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Min-Jung Lee
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Akira Yuno
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tobie D Lee
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Tamara Anderson
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Donna Kusewitt
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Helen H Hathaway
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Didier Picard
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jane B Trepel
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James B Mitchell
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gordon M Stott
- Leidos Biomedical, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 24060, USA
| | - William Moore
- Leidos Biomedical, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 24060, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Larry A Sklar
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | | | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David J Maloney
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Chi V Dang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10017, USA; The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alex G Waterson
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Matthew Hall
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Murali C Krishna
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leonard M Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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163
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Mukhopadhyay S, Vander Heiden MG, McCormick F. The Metabolic Landscape of RAS-Driven Cancers from biology to therapy. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:271-283. [PMID: 33870211 PMCID: PMC8045781 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of how the RAS protein family, and in particular mutant KRAS promote metabolic dysregulation in cancer cells has advanced significantly over the last decade. In this Review, we discuss the metabolic reprogramming mediated by oncogenic RAS in cancer, and elucidating the underlying mechanisms could translate to novel therapeutic opportunities to target metabolic vulnerabilities in RAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Mukhopadhyay
- National Cancer Institute RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank McCormick
- National Cancer Institute RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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164
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Dahabiyeh LA, Mahmoud NN, Al-Natour MA, Safo L, Kim DH, Khalil EA, Abu-Dahab R. Phospholipid-Gold Nanorods Induce Energy Crisis in MCF-7 Cells: Cytotoxicity Evaluation Using LC-MS-Based Metabolomics Approach. Biomolecules 2021; 11:364. [PMID: 33673519 PMCID: PMC7997200 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid-modified gold nanorods (phospholipid-GNRs) have demonstrated drastic cytotoxicity towards MCF-7 breast cancer cells compared to polyethylene glycol-coated GNRs (PEG-GNRs). In this study, the mechanism of cytotoxicity of phospholipid-GNRs towards MCF-7 cells was investigated using mass spectrometry-based global metabolic profiling and compared to PEGylated counterparts. The results showed that when compared to PEG-GNRs, phospholipid-GNRs induced significant and more pronounced impact on the metabolic profile of MCF-7 cells. Phospholipid-GNRs significantly decreased the levels of metabolic intermediates and end-products associated with cellular energy metabolisms resulting in dysfunction in TCA cycle, a reduction in glycolytic activity, and imbalance of the redox state. Additionally, phospholipid-GNRs disrupted several metabolism pathways essential for the normal growth and proliferation of cancer cells including impairment in purine, pyrimidine, and glutathione metabolisms accompanied by lower amino acid pools. On the other hand, the effects of PEG-GNRs were limited to alteration of glycolysis and pyrimidine metabolism. The current work shed light on the importance of metabolomics as a valuable analytical approach to explore the molecular effects of GNRs with different surface chemistry on cancer cell and highlights metabolic targets that might serve as promising treatment strategy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina A. Dahabiyeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Nouf N. Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A. Al-Natour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, The Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan;
| | - Laudina Safo
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (L.S.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (L.S.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Enam A. Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Rana Abu-Dahab
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
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165
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Impact of Preoperative Total Proteins and Glycated Hemoglobin on Recurrences after Early Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020711. [PMID: 33672318 PMCID: PMC7926911 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The outcome of colorectal cancer is mostly based on TNM classification. There are several factors determining that patients with the same tumoral stage present different outcomes. The nutritional status has been related to the immunological response and may affect the oncologic results. The purpose of this study was to determine if preoperative nutritional parameters may predict the oncologic outcome in patients with early colorectal cancer. Methods: A prospective observational study of patients undergoing elective surgery for colorectal cancer was performed with stage I. Preoperative nutritional assessment included glycemic and lipid profiles, total proteins, and albumin levels. These parameters were correlated with tumoral recurrence during a follow-up of at least 24 months. Results: During the period of study, 744 patients were operated on and 228 (30.6%) followed the inclusion criteria for this study. Recurrence rate was 5.7% (13 patients). Patients with hypoproteinemia showed a 7.8-fold greater risk of recurrence during the first 24 months after surgery [OR 7.8 (CI95% 1.3–48), p = 0.012]. Patients with glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) > 6.2% showed a 2.3 increased risk of recurrence [OR 2.3 (CI95% 1.1–4.7; p = 0.01]. Conclusions: Preoperative values of total proteins and HbA1c correlate with the recurrence rate in early colorectal cancer.
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166
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Smith H, De Souza D, Tull D, McConville M, Pellagatti A, Boultwood J, Board M, Callaghan R. The utilisation of glutamine and glucose by a 3-D tumour model trapped in quiescence. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 133:105935. [PMID: 33529714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumours modify their metabolic strategy to ensure sufficient biomass and energy to maintain a high rate of proliferation. However, solid tumours are characterised by a high proportion of quiescent cells and little is known about their metabolic profile. A tumour spheroid model with DLD1 cells was used to investigate the influence of a quiescent state on the cellular utilisation of glucose and glutamine. Quiescent DLD1 spheroids displayed increased depletion of both nutrients from the bathing medium compared to their proliferative counterparts and displayed highly active overall metabolism. A combination of biochemical and metabolomics approaches demonstrated that glucose utilisation resulted in an increased production of the 3-carbon intermediates lactate and alanine in quiescent spheroids. In addition, glutamine metabolism was directed to anabolic pathways; including the "reverse TCA cycle" to produce citrate for fatty-acid synthesis. These adaptations in DLD1 spheroids may propose a metabolic altruism of quiescent regions in solid tumours to provide biosynthetic intermediates required to sustain tumour growth, angiogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Smith
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David De Souza
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dedreia Tull
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Malcolm McConville
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea Pellagatti
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK
| | - Mary Board
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Callaghan
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Research School of Biology, and the Medical School, Australian National University Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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167
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Glancy B, Kane DA, Kavazis AN, Goodwin ML, Willis WT, Gladden LB. Mitochondrial lactate metabolism: history and implications for exercise and disease. J Physiol 2021; 599:863-888. [PMID: 32358865 PMCID: PMC8439166 DOI: 10.1113/jp278930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial structures were probably observed microscopically in the 1840s, but the idea of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) within mitochondria did not appear until the 1930s. The foundation for research into energetics arose from Meyerhof's experiments on oxidation of lactate in isolated muscles recovering from electrical contractions in an O2 atmosphere. Today, we know that mitochondria are actually reticula and that the energy released from electron pairs being passed along the electron transport chain from NADH to O2 generates a membrane potential and pH gradient of protons that can enter the molecular machine of ATP synthase to resynthesize ATP. Lactate stands at the crossroads of glycolytic and oxidative energy metabolism. Based on reported research and our own modelling in silico, we contend that lactate is not directly oxidized in the mitochondrial matrix. Instead, the interim glycolytic products (pyruvate and NADH) are held in cytosolic equilibrium with the products of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) reaction and the intermediates of the malate-aspartate and glycerol 3-phosphate shuttles. This equilibrium supplies the glycolytic products to the mitochondrial matrix for OXPHOS. LDH in the mitochondrial matrix is not compatible with the cytoplasmic/matrix redox gradient; its presence would drain matrix reducing power and substantially dissipate the proton motive force. OXPHOS requires O2 as the final electron acceptor, but O2 supply is sufficient in most situations, including exercise and often acute illness. Recent studies suggest that atmospheric normoxia may constitute a cellular hyperoxia in mitochondrial disease. As research proceeds appropriate oxygenation levels should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Glancy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Daniel A. Kane
- Department of Human Kinetics, St. Francis Xavier University, NS B2G 2W5, Antigonish, Canada
| | | | - Matthew L. Goodwin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wayne T. Willis
- College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5099, USA
| | - L. Bruce Gladden
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5323, USA
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168
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Possible Nutrition-Related Mechanisms of Metabolic Management in Cancer Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.107678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Context: Somatic mutation theory has been considered as a potential cause for cancer. However, major inconsistencies with the gene theory have necessitated serious reconsideration of this assumption. According to these inconsistencies, cancer may be considered as a metabolic disorder. According to the mitochondrial metabolic theory, substrate-level phosphorylation has been suggested to be superior to oxidative phosphorylation in cancer cells. Cancer metabolic therapies such as ketogenic diets (KD) and limitation in glutamine and calorie can be beneficial and are in line with this theory. In this study, we have reviewed the potential effects of KD as well as glutamine and calorie restriction in various types/stages of cancer with a focus on possible mechanisms. Evidence Acquisition: A comprehensive electronic search of different databases was performed using “cancer”, “ketogenic diet”, and “metabolic” as the main keywords. A comprehensive electronic search of different databases was performed using “cancer”, “ketogenic diet”, and “metabolic” as the main keywords. Results: Emerging evidence has indicated that KD can affect tumor cells by reducing glucose availability and simultaneous elevation of ketone bodies as non-fermentable metabolic fuels. KD has been suggested to be more effective as a non-toxic therapeutic measure in combination with glutamine targeting agents, chloroquine for lysosomal targeting, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and calorie restriction. Conclusions: This metabolic approach can be considered as a promising non-toxic strategy for cancer management.
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169
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Xie S, Wang X, Gan S, Tang X, Kang X, Zhu S. The Mitochondrial Chaperone TRAP1 as a Candidate Target of Oncotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 10:585047. [PMID: 33575209 PMCID: PMC7870996 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.585047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1), a member of the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) chaperone family, protects cells against oxidative stress and maintains mitochondrial integrity. To date, numerous studies have focused on understanding the relationship between aberrant TRAP1 expression and tumorigenesis. Mitochondrial TRAP1 is a key regulatory factor involved in metabolic reprogramming in tumor cells that favors the metabolic switch of tumor cells toward the Warburg phenotype. In addition, TRAP1 is involved in dual regulation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and exerts an antiapoptotic effect on tumor cells. Furthermore, TRAP1 is involved in many cellular pathways by disrupting the cell cycle, increasing cell motility, and promoting tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Thus, TRAP1 is a very important therapeutic target, and treatment with TRAP1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapeutic agents may become a new therapeutic strategy for cancer. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms by which TRAP1 regulates tumor progression, considers its role in apoptosis, and summarizes recent advances in the development of selective, targeted TRAP1 and Hsp90 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulan Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuanwei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyuan Gan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengmei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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170
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A hybrid semiconducting organosilica-based O 2 nanoeconomizer for on-demand synergistic photothermally boosted radiotherapy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:523. [PMID: 33483518 PMCID: PMC7822893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The outcome of radiotherapy is significantly restricted by tumor hypoxia. To overcome this obstacle, one prevalent solution is to increase intratumoral oxygen supply. However, its effectiveness is often limited by the high metabolic demand for O2 by cancer cells. Herein, we develop a hybrid semiconducting organosilica-based O2 nanoeconomizer pHPFON-NO/O2 to combat tumor hypoxia. Our solution is twofold: first, the pHPFON-NO/O2 interacts with the acidic tumor microenvironment to release NO for endogenous O2 conservation; second, it releases O2 in response to mild photothermal effect to enable exogenous O2 infusion. Additionally, the photothermal effect can be increased to eradicate tumor residues with radioresistant properties due to other factors. This “reducing expenditure of O2 and broadening sources” strategy significantly alleviates tumor hypoxia in multiple ways, greatly enhances the efficacy of radiotherapy both in vitro and in vivo, and demonstrates the synergy between on-demand temperature-controlled photothermal and oxygen-elevated radiotherapy for complete tumor response. Tumor hypoxia is a major limitation in radiotherapy, and strategies to address this often fail due to high oxygen consumption. Here, the authors report a nanomaterial assembly for the simultaneous reduction in mitochondrial respiration and to supply oxygen to potentiate radiotherapy.
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Lee JS, Lee H, Woo SM, Jang H, Jeon Y, Kim HY, Song J, Lee WJ, Hong EK, Park SJ, Han SS, Kim SY. Overall survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is doubled by Aldh7a1 deletion in the KPC mouse. Theranostics 2021; 11:3472-3488. [PMID: 33537098 PMCID: PMC7847681 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase 7A1 (ALDH7A1), an enzyme that catalyzes the lipid peroxidation of fatty aldehydes was found to be upregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). ALDH7A1 knockdown significantly reduced tumor formation in PDAC. We raised a question how ALDH7A1 contributes to cancer progression. Methods: To answer the question, the role of ALDH7A1 in energy metabolism was investigated by knocking down and knockdown gene in mouse model, because the role of ALDH7A1 has been reported as a catabolic enzyme catalyzing fatty aldehyde from lipid peroxidation to fatty acid. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR), ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, proliferation assay and immunoblotting were performed. In in vivo study, two human PDAC cell lines were used for pre-clinical xenograft model as well as spontaneous PDAC model of KPC mice was also employed for anti-cancer therapeutic effect. Results:ALDH7A1 knockdown significantly reduced tumor formation with reduction of OCR and ATP production, which was inversely correlated with increase of 4-hydroxynonenal. This implies that ALDH7A1 is critical to process fatty aldehydes from lipid peroxidation. Overall survival of PDAC is doubled by cross breeding of KPC (KrasG12D; Trp53R172H; Pdx1-Cre) and Aldh7a1-/- mice. Conclusion: Inhibitions of ALDH7A1 and oxidative phosphorylation using gossypol and phenformin resulted in a regression of tumor formation in xenograft mice model and KPC mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Seon Lee
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Myung Woo
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jeon
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Kim
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewhan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Lee
- Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Hong
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jae Park
- Department of Surgery, Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Sik Han
- Department of Surgery, Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Yu T, Dong T, Eyvani H, Fang Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Lu X. Metabolic interventions: A new insight into the cancer immunotherapy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 697:108659. [PMID: 33144083 PMCID: PMC8638212 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming confers cancer cells plasticity and viability under harsh conditions. Such active alterations lead to cell metabolic dependency, which can be exploited as an attractive target in development of effective antitumor therapies. Similar to cancer cells, activated T cells also execute global metabolic reprogramming for their proliferation and effector functions when recruited to the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the high metabolic activity of rapidly proliferating cancer cells can compete for nutrients with immune cells in the TME, and consequently, suppressing their anti-tumor functions. Thus, therapeutic strategies could aim to restore T cell metabolism and anti-tumor responses in the TME by targeting the metabolic dependence of cancer cells. In this review, we highlight current research progress on metabolic reprogramming and the interplay between cancer cells and immune cells. We also discuss potential therapeutic intervention strategies for targeting metabolic pathways to improve cancer immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Tianhan Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Haniyeh Eyvani
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yuanzhang Fang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Xiyu Wang
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Xinna Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Xiongbin Lu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Anti-Warburg Effect of Melatonin: A Proposed Mechanism to Explain its Inhibition of Multiple Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020764. [PMID: 33466614 PMCID: PMC7828708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose is an essential nutrient for every cell but its metabolic fate depends on cellular phenotype. Normally, the product of cytosolic glycolysis, pyruvate, is transported into mitochondria and irreversibly converted to acetyl coenzyme A by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). In some pathological cells, however, pyruvate transport into the mitochondria is blocked due to the inhibition of PDC by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. This altered metabolism is referred to as aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) and is common in solid tumors and in other pathological cells. Switching from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis provides diseased cells with advantages because of the rapid production of ATP and the activation of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) which provides nucleotides required for elevated cellular metabolism. Molecules, called glycolytics, inhibit aerobic glycolysis and convert cells to a healthier phenotype. Glycolytics often function by inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α leading to PDC disinhibition allowing for intramitochondrial conversion of pyruvate into acetyl coenzyme A. Melatonin is a glycolytic which converts diseased cells to the healthier phenotype. Herein we propose that melatonin's function as a glycolytic explains its actions in inhibiting a variety of diseases. Thus, the common denominator is melatonin's action in switching the metabolic phenotype of cells.
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Skolik RA, Solocinski J, Konkle ME, Chakraborty N, Menze MA. Global changes to HepG2 cell metabolism in response to galactose treatment. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C778-C793. [PMID: 33439775 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00460.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cell proliferation requires sufficient metabolic flux through the pentose phosphate pathway to meet the demand for biosynthetic precursors and to increase protection against oxidative stress which in turn requires an upregulation of substrate flow through glycolysis. This metabolic poise is often coupled with a shift in ATP production from mitochondrial OXPHOS to substrate-level phosphorylation. Despite major advances that were facilitated by using tumor-derived cell lines in research areas spanning from membrane to cytoskeletal biology, this distorted metabolic profile limits their impact as a model in physiology and toxicology. Substitution of glucose with galactose in the cell culture medium has been demonstrated to shift ATP production from substrate-level phosphorylation to mitochondrial OXPHOS. This increase in oxygen utilization is coupled to a global metabolic reorganization with potential impacts on macromolecule biosynthesis and cellular redox homeostasis, but a comprehensive analysis on the effects of sugar substitution in tumor-derived cells is still missing. To address this gap in knowledge we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells adapted to either glucose or galactose as the aldohexose source. We observed a shift toward oxidative metabolism in all primary metabolic pathways at both transcriptomic and metabolomic levels. We also observed a decrease in nicotinamide dinucleotide (NAD(P)) levels and subcellular NAD+-to-NADH ratios in cells cultured with galactose compared with glucose control cells. Our results suggest that galactose reduces both glycolytic and biosynthetic flux and restores a metabolic poise in HepG2 cells that closely reflects the metabolic state observed in primary hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Skolik
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - J Solocinski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Dearborn, Michigan
| | - M E Konkle
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - N Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Dearborn, Michigan
| | - M A Menze
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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175
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Delphinidin Increases the Sensitivity of Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines to 3-Bromopyruvate. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020709. [PMID: 33445795 PMCID: PMC7828231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Bromopyruvic acid (3-BP) is a promising anticancer compound. Two ovary cancer (OC) cell lines, PEO1 and SKOV3, showed relatively high sensitivity to 3-BP (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 18.7 and 40.5 µM, respectively). However, the further sensitization of OC cells to 3-BP would be desirable. Delphinidin (D) has been reported to be cytotoxic for cancer cell lines. We found that D was the most toxic for PEO1 and SKOV3 cells from among several flavonoids tested. The combined action of 3-BP and D was mostly synergistic in PEO1 cells and mostly weakly antagonistic in SKOV3 cells. The viability of MRC-5 fibroblasts was not affected by both compounds at concentrations of up to 100 µM. The combined action of 3-BP and D decreased the level of ATP and of dihydroethidium (DHE)-detectable reactive oxygen species (ROS), cellular mobility and cell staining with phalloidin and Mitotracker Red in both cell lines but increased the 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescein (DCFDA)-detectable ROS level and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial mass only in PEO1 cells. The glutathione level was increased by 3-BP+D only in SKOV3 cells. These differences may contribute to the lower sensitivity of SKOV3 cells to 3-BP+D. Our results point to the possibility of sensitization of at least some OC cells to 3-BP by D.
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176
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Inhibition of InsP3R with Xestospongin B Reduces Mitochondrial Respiration and Induces Selective Cell Death in T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020651. [PMID: 33440859 PMCID: PMC7827595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy whose chemoresistance and relapse persist as a problem despite significant advances in its chemotherapeutic treatments. Mitochondrial metabolism has emerged as an interesting therapeutic target given its essential role in maintaining bioenergetic and metabolic homeostasis. T-ALL cells are characterized by high levels of mitochondrial respiration, making them suitable for this type of intervention. Mitochondrial function is sustained by a constitutive transfer of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria through the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R), making T-ALL cells vulnerable to its inhibition. Here, we determine the bioenergetic profile of the T-ALL cell lines CCRF-CEM and Jurkat and evaluate their sensitivity to InsP3R inhibition with the specific inhibitor, Xestospongin B (XeB). Our results show that T-ALL cell lines exhibit higher mitochondrial respiration than non-malignant cells, which is blunted by the inhibition of the InsP3R. Prolonged treatment with XeB causes T-ALL cell death without affecting the normal counterpart. Moreover, the combination of XeB and glucocorticoids significantly enhanced cell death in the CCRF-CEM cells. The inhibition of InsP3R with XeB rises as a potential therapeutic alternative for the treatment of T-ALL.
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177
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Brockmueller A, Sameri S, Liskova A, Zhai K, Varghese E, Samuel SM, Büsselberg D, Kubatka P, Shakibaei M. Resveratrol's Anti-Cancer Effects through the Modulation of Tumor Glucose Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020188. [PMID: 33430318 PMCID: PMC7825813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The prevention and treatment of cancer is an ongoing medical challenge. In the context of personalized medicine, the well-studied polyphenol resveratrol could complement classical tumor therapy. It may affect key processes such as inflammation, angiogenesis, proliferation, metastasis, glucose metabolism, and apoptosis in various cancers because resveratrol acts as a multi-targeting agent by modulating multiple signal transduction pathways. This review article focuses on resveratrol’s ability to modify tumor glucose metabolism and its associated therapeutic capacity. Resveratrol reduces glucose uptake and glycolysis by affecting Glut1, PFK1, HIF-1α, ROS, PDH, and the CamKKB/AMPK pathway. It also inhibits cell growth, invasion, and proliferation by targeting NF-kB, Sirt1, Sirt3, LDH, PI-3K, mTOR, PKM2, R5P, G6PD, TKT, talin, and PGAM. In addition, resveratrol induces apoptosis by targeting integrin, p53, LDH, and FAK. In conclusion, resveratrol has many potentials to intervene in tumor processes if bioavailability can be increased and this natural compound can be used selectively. Abstract Tumor cells develop several metabolic reprogramming strategies, such as increased glucose uptake and utilization via aerobic glycolysis and fermentation of glucose to lactate; these lead to a low pH environment in which the cancer cells thrive and evade apoptosis. These characteristics of tumor cells are known as the Warburg effect. Adaptive metabolic alterations in cancer cells can be attributed to mutations in key metabolic enzymes and transcription factors. The features of the Warburg phenotype may serve as promising markers for the early detection and treatment of tumors. Besides, the glycolytic process of tumors is reversible and could represent a therapeutic target. So-called mono-target therapies are often unsafe and ineffective, and have a high prevalence of recurrence. Their success is hindered by the ability of tumor cells to simultaneously develop multiple chemoresistance pathways. Therefore, agents that modify several cellular targets, such as energy restriction to target tumor cells specifically, have therapeutic potential. Resveratrol, a natural active polyphenol found in grapes and red wine and used in many traditional medicines, is known for its ability to target multiple components of signaling pathways in tumors, leading to the suppression of cell proliferation, activation of apoptosis, and regression in tumor growth. Here, we describe current knowledge on the various mechanisms by which resveratrol modulates glucose metabolism, its potential as an imitator of caloric restriction, and its therapeutic capacity in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Saba Sameri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 6517838678 Hamadan, Iran;
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-892-1807-2624; Fax: +49-892-1807-2625
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Li S, He P, Wang Z, Liang M, Liao W, Huang Y, Chi M, Liu F, Zen N, Su R, Chen S, Liu Z, Hong H. RNAi-mediated knockdown of PFK1 decreases the invasive capability and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line, CNE-2. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:154-165. [PMID: 33404290 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1866279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most prevailing malignancy of the head and neck with unique geographic distribution. Southern China has one of the highest incidence rates of NPC in the world. Although radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the most important treatment modalities for NPC, recurrence, and metastasis severely interfere with the survival quality of patients. It is much-needed to find an effective method of NPC treatment with a good prognosis such as gene therapy. PFK1, a key regulatory enzyme of glycolysis, is frequently shown to be amplified and overexpressed in a variety of human cancers. However, the function of PFK1 and molecular mechanism in NPC is elusive. Here, we knockdown PFK1 expression by utilizing DNA vector-based RNA Interference. Western blotting and real-time PCR show that the expression of PFK1 is efficiently down-regulated in both protein and mRNA levels by stable transfection with PFK1 siRNA expression vector. In addition, stable knockdown of PFK1 expression inhibits cell growth, induces apoptosis, decreases the invasive capability and metastasis in the CNE2 human NPC cell line. This present study finds the importance of PFK1 which can be worked as a novel target in NPC treatment and holds great potential to be extended to other malignant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center , Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng He
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The 5th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhuhai People' Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Ji'nan University) , Zhuhai, China
| | - Meng Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center , Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The 5th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai, China
| | - Yili Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The 5th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai, China
| | - Mengshi Chi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The 5th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center , Shenzhen, China
| | - Nan Zen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center , Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongfei Su
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The 5th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The 5th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- The Cancer Center of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, The 5th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai, China
| | - Haiyu Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The 5th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai, China
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179
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Wei YH, Chuang TY, Chang TW, Chen SS, Chang CC, Cheng WM. Mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with urogenital disease. UROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/uros.uros_47_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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180
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Lanni C, Masi M, Racchi M, Govoni S. Cancer and Alzheimer's disease inverse relationship: an age-associated diverging derailment of shared pathways. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:280-295. [PMID: 32382138 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies show an inverse association between cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is debated whether this association is the consequence of biological mechanisms shared by both these conditions or may be related to the pharmacological treatments carried out on the patients. The latter hypothesis, however, is not sustained by the available evidence. Hence, the focus of this review is to analyze common biological mechanisms for both cancer and AD and to build up a biological theory useful to explain the inverse correlation between AD and cancer. The review proposes a hypothesis, according to which several molecular players, prominently PIN1 and p53, have been investigated and considered involved in complex molecular interactions putatively associated with the inverse correlation. On the other hand, p53 involvement in both diseases seems to be a consequence of the aberrant activation of other proteins. Instead, PIN1 may be identified as a novel key regulator at the crossroad between cancer and AD. PIN1 is a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization, thus regulating the conformation of different protein substrates after phosphorylation and modulating protein function. In particular, trans-conformations of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and tau are functional and "healthy", while cis-conformations, triggered after phosphorylation, are pathogenic. As an example, PIN1 accelerates APP cis-to-trans isomerization thus favoring the non-amyloidogenic pathway, while, in the absence of PIN1, APP is processed through the amyloidogenic pathway, thus predisposing to neurodegeneration. Furthermore, a link between PIN1 and tau regulation has been found, since when PIN1 function is inhibited, tau is hyperphosphorylated. Data from brain specimens of subjects affected by mild cognitive impairment and AD have revealed a very low PIN1 expression. Moreover, polymorphisms in PIN1 promoter correlated with an increased PIN1 expression are associated with a delay of sporadic AD age of onset, while a polymorphism related to a reduced PIN1 expression is associated with a decreased risk of multiple cancers. In the case of dementias, in particular of Alzheimer's disease, new biological markers and targets based on the discussed players can be developed based on a theoretical approach relying on different grounds compared to the past. An unbiased expansion of the rationale and of the targets may help to achieve in the field of neurodegenerative dementias similar advances to those attained in the case of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12/14, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mirco Masi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12/14, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Racchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12/14, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12/14, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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181
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Wen S, Li J, Yang J, Li B, Li N, Zhan X. Quantitative Acetylomics Revealed Acetylation-Mediated Molecular Pathway Network Changes in Human Nonfunctional Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:753606. [PMID: 34712204 PMCID: PMC8546192 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.753606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylation at lysine residue in a protein mediates multiple cellular biological processes, including tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate the acetylated protein profile alterations and acetylation-mediated molecular pathway changes in human nonfunctional pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PitNETs). The anti-acetyl antibody-based label-free quantitative proteomics was used to analyze the acetylomes between NF-PitNETs (n = 4) and control pituitaries (n = 4). A total of 296 acetylated proteins with 517 acetylation sites was identified, and the majority of which were significantly down-acetylated in NF-PitNETs (p<0.05 or only be quantified in NF-PitNETs/controls). These acetylated proteins widely functioned in cellular biological processes and signaling pathways, including metabolism, translation, cell adhesion, and oxidative stress. The randomly selected acetylated phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), which is involved in glycolysis and amino acid biosynthesis, was further confirmed with immunoprecipitation and western blot in NF-PitNETs and control pituitaries. Among these acetylated proteins, 15 lysine residues within 14 proteins were down-acetylated and simultaneously up-ubiquitinated in NF-PitNETs to demonstrate a direct competition relationship between acetylation and ubiquitination. Moreover, the potential effect of protein acetylation alterations on NF-PitNETs invasiveness was investigated. Overlapping analysis between acetylomics data in NF-PitNETs and transcriptomics data in invasive NF-PitNETs identified 26 overlapped molecules. These overlapped molecules were mainly involved in metabolism-associated pathways, which means that acetylation-mediated metabolic reprogramming might be the molecular mechanism to affect NF-PitNET invasiveness. This study provided the first acetylomic profiling and acetylation-mediated molecular pathways in human NF-PitNETs, and offered new clues to elucidate the biological functions of protein acetylation in NF-PitNETs and discover novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of NF-PitNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingru Yang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Biao Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Na Li
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Gastroenterology Research Institute and Clinical Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xianquan Zhan,
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182
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Barbato A, Scandura G, Puglisi F, Cambria D, La Spina E, Palumbo GA, Lazzarino G, Tibullo D, Di Raimondo F, Giallongo C, Romano A. Mitochondrial Bioenergetics at the Onset of Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies: An Overview. Front Oncol 2020; 10:604143. [PMID: 33409153 PMCID: PMC7779674 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.604143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined derangements in mitochondria network, function and dynamics can affect metabolism and ATP production, redox homeostasis and apoptosis triggering, contributing to cancer development in many different complex ways. In hematological malignancies, there is a strong relationship between cellular metabolism, mitochondrial bioenergetics, interconnections with supportive microenvironment and drug resistance. Lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, e.g., adapt to intrinsic oxidative stress by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis. In other hematological disorders such as myeloma, on the contrary, bioenergetics changes, associated to increased mitochondrial fitness, derive from the adaptive response to drug-induced stress. In the bone marrow niche, a reverse Warburg effect has been recently described, consisting in metabolic changes occurring in stromal cells in the attempt to metabolically support adjacent cancer cells. Moreover, a physiological dynamic, based on mitochondria transfer, between tumor cells and their supporting stromal microenvironment has been described to sustain oxidative stress associated to proteostasis maintenance in multiple myeloma and leukemia. Increased mitochondrial biogenesis of tumor cells associated to acquisition of new mitochondria transferred by mesenchymal stromal cells results in augmented ATP production through increased oxidative phosphorylation (OX-PHOS), higher drug resistance, and resurgence after treatment. Accordingly, targeting mitochondrial biogenesis, electron transfer, mitochondrial DNA replication, or mitochondrial fatty acid transport increases therapy efficacy. In this review, we summarize selected examples of the mitochondrial derangements in hematological malignancies, which provide metabolic adaptation and apoptosis resistance, also supported by the crosstalk with tumor microenvironment. This field promises a rational design to improve target-therapy including the metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Barbato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia Scandura
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Puglisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniela Cambria
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico La Spina
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Alberto Palumbo
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lazzarino
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biotechnological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cesarina Giallongo
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Department of Surgery and Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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183
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Peng J, Liu F, Zheng H, Wu Q, Liu S. IncRNA ZFAS1 contributes to the radioresistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by sponging hsa-miR-7-5p to upregulate ENO2. Cell Cycle 2020; 20:126-141. [PMID: 33342344 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1864128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research revealed that lncRNA ZFAS1 could promote nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) by inhibiting its downstream target axis. However, the association between ZFAS1 and radioresistant NPC cells is unclear. This study aimed to explore the roles of ZFAS1 in the radioresistance of NPC. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify the significant factors (ENO2 and miR-7-5p) that contributed to the radioresistance of NPC cells. After performing qRT-PCR analysis, we found that the expression of ZFAS1 and ENO2 was upregulated in NPC cells but that the miR-7-5p expression was downregulated in the same samples. Apart from that, we noticed that ZFAS1 inhibition enhanced the sensitivity of NPC cells to radiation therapy by repressing cell proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis. Subsequently, we found that ZFAS1 could sponge miR-7-5p to upregulate ENO2, which was the target of miR-7-5p. Experimental results also indicated that the suppression of miR-7-5p inhibited the sensitivity of NPC cells to radiation therapy, thereby suppressing ENO2 expression. Overall, our findings suggested that ZFAS1 contributed to the radioresistance of NPC cells by regulating the miR-7-5p/ENO2 axis and that ZFAS1 might be a potential therapeutic target for addressing the radioresistance of NPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Sichuan, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Sichuan, China
| | - Shixi Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Sichuan, China
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184
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Huang M, Myers CR, Wang Y, You M. Mitochondria as a Novel Target for Cancer Chemoprevention: Emergence of Mitochondrial-targeting Agents. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 14:285-306. [PMID: 33303695 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemoprevention is the most effective approach to control cancer in the population. Despite significant progress, chemoprevention has not been widely adopted because agents that are safe tend to be less effective and those that are highly effective tend to be toxic. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel and effective chemopreventive agents, such as mitochondria-targeted agents, that can prevent cancer and prolong survival. Mitochondria, the central site for cellular energy production, have important functions in cell survival and death. Several studies have revealed a significant role for mitochondrial metabolism in promoting cancer development and progression, making mitochondria a promising new target for cancer prevention. Conjugating delocalized lipophilic cations, such as triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP+), to compounds of interest is an effective approach for mitochondrial targeting. The hyperpolarized tumor cell membrane and mitochondrial membrane potential allow for selective accumulation of TPP+ conjugates in tumor cell mitochondria versus those in normal cells. This could enhance direct killing of precancerous, dysplastic, and tumor cells while minimizing potential toxicities to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mofei Huang
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Charles R Myers
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Yian Wang
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ming You
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. .,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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185
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Ferraresi A, Girone C, Esposito A, Vidoni C, Vallino L, Secomandi E, Dhanasekaran DN, Isidoro C. How Autophagy Shapes the Tumor Microenvironment in Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:599915. [PMID: 33364196 PMCID: PMC7753622 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.599915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is characterized by a high mortality rate due to the late diagnosis and the elevated metastatic potential. Autophagy, a lysosomal-driven catabolic process, contributes to the macromolecular turnover, cell homeostasis, and survival, and as such, it represents a pathway targetable for anti-cancer therapies. It is now recognized that the vascularization and the cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment influence the development and progression of OC by controlling the availability of nutrients, oxygen, growth factors, and inflammatory and immune-regulatory soluble factors that ultimately impinge on autophagy regulation in cancer cells. An increasing body of evidence indicates that OC carcinogenesis is associated, at least in the early stages, to insufficient autophagy. On the other hand, when the tumor is already established, autophagy activation provides a survival advantage to the cancer cells that face metabolic stress and protects from the macromolecules and organelles damages induced by chemo- and radiotherapy. Additionally, upregulation of autophagy may lead cancer cells to a non-proliferative dormant state that protects the cells from toxic injuries while preserving their stem-like properties. Further to complicate the picture, autophagy is deregulated also in stromal cells. Thus, changes in the tumor microenvironment reflect on the metabolic crosstalk between cancer and stromal cells impacting on their autophagy levels and, consequently, on cancer progression. Here, we present a brief overview of the role of autophagy in OC hallmarks, including tumor dormancy, chemoresistance, metastasis, and cell metabolism, with an emphasis on the bidirectional metabolic crosstalk between cancer cells and stromal cells in shaping the OC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ferraresi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Carlo Girone
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Esposito
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Vidoni
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Letizia Vallino
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Secomandi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Danny N Dhanasekaran
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
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186
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Barrea L, Caprio M, Tuccinardi D, Moriconi E, Di Renzo L, Muscogiuri G, Colao A, Savastano S. Could ketogenic diet "starve" cancer? Emerging evidence. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1800-1821. [PMID: 33274644 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1847030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells (CCs) predominantly use aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) for their metabolism. This important characteristic of CCs represents a potential metabolic pathway to be targeted in the context of tumor treatment. Being this mechanism related to nutrient oxidation, dietary manipulation has been hypothesized as an important strategy during tumor treatment. Ketogenic diet (KD) is a dietary pattern characterized by high fat intake, moderate-to-low protein consumption, and very-low-carbohydrate intake (<50 g), which in cancer setting may target CCs metabolism, potentially influencing both tumor treatment and prognosis. Several mechanisms, far beyond the originally proposed inhibition of glucose/insulin signaling, can underpin the effectiveness of KD in cancer management, ranging from oxidative stress, mitochondrial metabolism, and inflammation. The role of a qualified Nutritionist is essential to reduce and manage the short and long-term complications of this dietary therapy, which must be personalized to the individual patient for the planning of tailored KD protocol in cancer patients. In the present review, we summarize the proposed antitumor mechanisms of KD, the application of KD in cancer patients with obesity and cachexia, and the preclinical and clinical evidence on KD therapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O.), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Tuccinardi
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Moriconi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O.), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O.), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O.), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
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187
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Tsakogiannis D, Kalogera E, Zagouri F, Zografos E, Balalis D, Bletsa G. Determination of FABP4, RBP4 and the MMP-9/NGAL complex in the serum of women with breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:85. [PMID: 33376518 PMCID: PMC7751333 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in females and is the leading cause of cancer-associated death among women, worldwide. The present study aimed to measure the serum levels of fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and the MMP-9/neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) complex in women diagnosed with breast cancer. Serum levels of the examined proteins were determined in the peripheral blood of patients via ELISA. Furthermore, whether the concentration of each protein was associated with breast cancer growth, molecular subtype, BMI, postmenopausal status, diabetes and the social background of patients was assessed. Women with invasive breast cancer demonstrated significantly higher levels of FABP4 (P=0.008). Additionally, considerably elevated FABP4 levels were demonstrated specifically in Luminal breast cancer cases (P<0.01). No significant association was recorded between RBP4 and breast cancer development. In addition, significantly lower levels of the MMP-9/NGAL complex were recorded in triple negative/HER-2 cases (P<0.05). BMI values appeared to influence the aforementioned associations, while significantly high serum levels of FABP4 and the MMP-9/NGAL complex were found in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer and a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (P<0.05). In addition, high levels of FABP4 were significantly associated with breast cancer patients with diabetes (P=0.05). However, no association was identified between RBP4, the MMP-9/NGAL complex and diabetes. In conclusion, FABP4 can be regarded as a biomarker of breast cancer growth, while both FABP4 and the MMP-9/NGAL complex may provide considerable information regarding the development of specific breast cancer subtypes. FABP4 and the MMP-9/NGAL complex may also be able to predict the development of breast cancer in postmenopausal patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni Kalogera
- Research Center, Hellenic Anticancer Institute, Athens 10680, Greece
| | - Flora Zagouri
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Eleni Zografos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Dimitris Balalis
- Department of Surgery, Saint Savvas, Anticancer Hospital, Athens 11522, Greece
| | - Garyfalia Bletsa
- Research Center, Hellenic Anticancer Institute, Athens 10680, Greece
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188
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Wang H, Ma Z, Cheng X, Tuo B, Liu X, Li T. Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles of Ion Transporter-Mediated Metabolism in the Thyroid Gland and in Thyroid Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12427-12441. [PMID: 33299328 PMCID: PMC7721308 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s280797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine tumor and has shown an increasing annual incidence, especially among women. Patients with thyroid cancer have a good prognosis, with a high five-year survival rate; however, the recurrence rate and disease status of thyroid cancer remain a burden for patients, which compels us to further elucidate the pathogenesis of this disease. Recently, ion transporters have gradually become a hot topic in the field of thyroid gland biology and cancer research. Additionally, alterations in the metabolic state of tumor cells and protein molecules have gradually become the focus of scientific research. This review focuses on the progress in understanding the physiological and pathophysiological roles of ion transporter-mediated metabolism in both the thyroid gland and thyroid cancer. We also hope to shed light on new targets for the treatment and prognosis of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Cheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Taolang Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
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189
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Erkkilä MT, Reichert D, Gesperger J, Kiesel B, Roetzer T, Mercea PA, Drexler W, Unterhuber A, Leitgeb RA, Woehrer A, Rueck A, Andreana M, Widhalm G. Macroscopic fluorescence-lifetime imaging of NADH and protoporphyrin IX improves the detection and grading of 5-aminolevulinic acid-stained brain tumors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20492. [PMID: 33235233 PMCID: PMC7686506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maximal safe tumor resection remains the key prognostic factor for improved prognosis in brain tumor patients. Despite 5-aminolevulinic acid-based fluorescence guidance the neurosurgeon is, however, not able to visualize most low-grade gliomas (LGG) and infiltration zone of high-grade gliomas (HGG). To overcome the need for a more sensitive visualization, we investigated the potential of macroscopic, wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in selected human brain tumors. For future intraoperative use, the imaging system offered a square field of view of 11 mm at 250 mm free working distance. We performed imaging of tumor tissue ex vivo, including LGG and HGG as well as brain metastases obtained from 21 patients undergoing fluorescence-guided surgery. Half of all samples showed visible fluorescence during surgery, which was associated with significant increase in PPIX fluorescence lifetime. While the PPIX lifetime was significantly different between specific tumor tissue types, the NADH lifetimes did not differ significantly among them. However, mainly necrotic areas exhibited significantly lower NADH lifetimes compared to compact tumor in HGG. Our pilot study indicates that combined fluorescence lifetime imaging of NADH/PPIX represents a sensitive tool to visualize brain tumor tissue not detectable with conventional 5-ALA fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael T Erkkilä
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Reichert
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory OPTRAMED, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Gesperger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Kiesel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Roetzer
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra A Mercea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Drexler
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Unterhuber
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer A Leitgeb
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory OPTRAMED, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelheid Woehrer
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Rueck
- Core Facility Confocal and Multiphoton Microscopy, Ulm University, N24/4105, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marco Andreana
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Georg Widhalm
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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190
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Louie MC, Ton J, Brady ML, Le DT, Mar JN, Lerner CA, Gerencser AA, Mookerjee SA. Total Cellular ATP Production Changes With Primary Substrate in MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1703. [PMID: 33224868 PMCID: PMC7667374 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer growth is predicted to require substantial rates of substrate catabolism and ATP turnover to drive unrestricted biosynthesis and cell growth. While substrate limitation can dramatically alter cell behavior, the effects of substrate limitation on total cellular ATP production rate is poorly understood. Here, we show that MCF7 breast cancer cells, given different combinations of the common cell culture substrates glucose, glutamine, and pyruvate, display ATP production rates 1.6-fold higher than when cells are limited to each individual substrate. This increase occurred mainly through faster oxidative ATP production, with little to no increase in glycolytic ATP production. In comparison, non-transformed C2C12 myoblast cells show no change in ATP production rate when substrates are limited. In MCF7 cells, glutamine allows unexpected access to oxidative capacity that pyruvate, also a strictly oxidized substrate, does not. Pyruvate, when added with other exogenous substrates, increases substrate-driven oxidative ATP production, by increasing both ATP supply and demand. Overall, we find that MCF7 cells are highly flexible with respect to maintaining total cellular ATP production under different substrate-limited conditions, over an acute (within minutes) timeframe that is unlikely to result from more protracted (hours or more) transcription-driven changes to metabolic enzyme expression. The near-identical ATP production rates maintained by MCF7 and C2C12 cells given single substrates reveal a potential difficulty in using substrate limitation to selectively starve cancer cells of ATP. In contrast, the higher ATP production rate conferred by mixed substrates in MCF7 cells remains a potentially exploitable difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie C Louie
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael, California, CA, United States
| | - Justin Ton
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, CA, United States
| | - Maurice L Brady
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael, California, CA, United States
| | - Diem T Le
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, CA, United States
| | - Jordon N Mar
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, CA, United States
| | - Chad A Lerner
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | | | - Shona A Mookerjee
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, CA, United States.,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
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191
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Non coding RNAs as the critical factors in chemo resistance of bladder tumor cells. Diagn Pathol 2020; 15:136. [PMID: 33183321 PMCID: PMC7659041 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-020-01054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BCa) is the ninth frequent and 13th leading cause of cancer related deaths in the world which is mainly observed among men. There is a declining mortality rates in developed countries. Although, the majority of BCa patients present Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) tumors, only 30% of patients suffer from muscle invasion and distant metastases. Radical cystoprostatectomy, radiation, and chemotherapy have proven to be efficient in metastatic tumors. However, tumor relapse is observed in a noticeable ratio of patients following the chemotherapeutic treatment. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are important factors during tumor progression and chemo resistance which can be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of BCa. MAIN BODY In present review we summarized all of the lncRNAs and miRNAs associated with chemotherapeutic resistance in bladder tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS This review paves the way of introducing a prognostic panel of ncRNAs for the BCa patients which can be useful to select a proper drug based on the lncRNA profiles of patients to reduce the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy in such patients.
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192
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Lacerda-Abreu MA, Russo-Abrahão T, Leite Tenório Aguiar R, Monteiro RDQ, Rumjanek FD, Meyer-Fernandes JR. Ectophosphatase activity in the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Cell Biol Int 2020; 45:411-421. [PMID: 33140880 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the female population worldwide, and its development is thought to be associated with genetic mutations that lead to uncontrolled and accelerated growth of breast cells. This abnormal behavior requires extra energy, and indeed, tumor cells display a rewired energy metabolism compared to normal breast cells. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is a glycolytic substrate of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and has an important role in cancer cell proliferation. For cells to obtain Pi, ectoenzymes in the plasma membrane with their catalytic site facing the extracellular environment can hydrolyze phosphorylated molecules, and this is an initial and possibly limiting step for the uptake of Pi by carriers that behave as adjuvants in the process of energy harvesting and thus partially contributes to tumor energy requirements. In this study, the activity of an ectophosphatase in MDA-MB-231 cells was biochemically characterized, and the results showed that the activity of this enzyme was higher in the acidic pH range and that the enzyme had a Km = 4.5 ± 0.5 mM para-nitrophenylphosphate and a Vmax = 2280 ± 158 nM × h-1 × mg protein-1 . In addition, classical acid phosphatase inhibitors, including sodium orthovanadate, decreased enzymatic activity. Sodium orthovanadate was able to inhibit ectophosphatase activity while also inhibiting cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration, which are important processes in tumor progression, especially in metastatic breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells that have higher ectophosphatase activity than MCF-7 and MCF-10 breast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Lacerda-Abreu
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thais Russo-Abrahão
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raíssa Leite Tenório Aguiar
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson de Queiroz Monteiro
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Franklin D Rumjanek
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José R Meyer-Fernandes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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193
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Lactate in the Tumor Microenvironment: An Essential Molecule in Cancer Progression and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113244. [PMID: 33153193 PMCID: PMC7693872 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The role of lactate in cancer described by Otto Warburg in 1927 states that cancer cells uptake high amount of glucose with a marked increase in lactate production, this is known as the “Warburg effect”. Since then lactate turn out to be a major signaling molecule in cancer progression. Its release from tumor cells is accompanied by acidification ranging from 6.3 to 6.9 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) which favors processes such as tumor promotion, angiogenesis, metastasis, tumor resistance and more importantly, immunosuppression which has been associated with a poor outcome. The goal of this review is to examine and discuss in deep detail the recent studies that address the role of lactate in all these cancerous processes. Lastly, we explore the efforts to target the lactate production and its transport as a promising approach for cancer therapeutics. Abstract Cancer is a complex disease that includes the reprogramming of metabolic pathways by malignant proliferating cells, including those affecting the tumor microenvironment (TME). The “TME concept” was introduced in recognition of the roles played by factors other than tumor cells in cancer progression. In response to the hypoxic or semi-hypoxic characteristic of the TME, cancer cells generate a large amount of lactate via the metabolism of glucose and glutamine. Export of this newly generated lactate by the tumor cells together with H+ prevents intracellular acidification but acidifies the TME. In recent years, the importance of lactate and acidosis in carcinogenesis has gained increasing attention, including the role of lactate as a tumor-promoting metabolite. Here we review the existing literature on lactate metabolism in tumor cells and the ability of extracellular lactate to direct the metabolic reprogramming of those cells. Studies demonstrating the roles of lactate in biological processes that drive or sustain carcinogenesis (tumor promotion, angiogenesis, metastasis and tumor resistance) and lactate’s role as an immunosuppressor that contributes to tumor evasion are also considered. Finally, we consider recent therapeutic efforts using available drugs directed at and interfering with lactate production and transport in cancer treatment.
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194
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Ahmadpour ST, Mahéo K, Servais S, Brisson L, Dumas JF. Cardiolipin, the Mitochondrial Signature Lipid: Implication in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8031. [PMID: 33126604 PMCID: PMC7662448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipins (CLs) are specific phospholipids of the mitochondria composing about 20% of the inner mitochondria membrane (IMM) phospholipid mass. Dysregulation of CL metabolism has been observed in several types of cancer. In most cases, the evidence for a role for CL in cancer is merely correlative, suggestive, ambiguous, and cancer-type dependent. In addition, CLs could play a pivotal role in several mitochondrial functions/parameters such as bioenergetics, dynamics, mitophagy, and apoptosis, which are involved in key steps of cancer aggressiveness (i.e., migration/invasion and resistance to treatment). Therefore, this review focuses on studies suggesting that changes in CL content and/or composition, as well as CL metabolism enzyme levels, may be linked with the progression and the aggressiveness of some types of cancer. Finally, we also introduce the main mitochondrial function in which CL could play a pivotal role with a special focus on its implication in cancer development and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jean-François Dumas
- Université de Tours, Inserm, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer UMR1069, 37032 Tours, France; (S.T.A.); (K.M.); (S.S.); (L.B.)
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195
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Kim MS, Gernapudi R, Cedeño YC, Polster BM, Martinez R, Shapiro P, Kesari S, Nurmemmedov E, Passaniti A. Targeting breast cancer metabolism with a novel inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Oncotarget 2020; 11:3863-3885. [PMID: 33196708 PMCID: PMC7597410 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis may promote the selective killing of respiration-competent cancer cells that are critical for tumor progression. We previously reported that CADD522, a small molecule inhibitor of the RUNX2 transcription factor, has potential for breast cancer treatment. In the current study, we show that CADD522 inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by decreasing the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ATP production in human breast cancer cells in a RUNX2-independent manner. The enzyme activity of mitochondrial ATP synthase was inhibited by CADD522 treatment. Importantly, results from cellular thermal shift assays that detect drug-induced protein stabilization revealed that CADD522 interacts with both α and β subunits of the F1-ATP synthase complex. Differential scanning fluorimetry also demonstrated interaction of α subunits of the F1-ATP synthase to CADD522. These results suggest that CADD522 might target the enzymatic F1 subunits in the ATP synthase complex. CADD522 increased the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was prevented by MitoQ, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, suggesting that cancer cells exposed to CADD522 may elevate ROS from mitochondria. CADD522-increased mitochondrial ROS levels were enhanced by exogenously added pro-oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide or tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Conversely, CADD522-mediated cell growth inhibition was blocked by N-acetyl-l-cysteine, a general ROS scavenger. Therefore, CADD522 may exert its antitumor activity by increasing mitochondrial driven cellular ROS levels. Collectively, our data suggest in vitro proof-of-concept that supports inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthase and ROS generation as contributors to the effectiveness of CADD522 in suppression of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Sook Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ramkishore Gernapudi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Program in Molecular Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Brian M. Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Research Health Scientist, The Veteran's Health Administration Research & Development Service (VAMHCS), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ramon Martinez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Shapiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- John Wayne Cancer Institute and Pacific Neuroscience Institute at Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Elmar Nurmemmedov
- John Wayne Cancer Institute and Pacific Neuroscience Institute at Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Antonino Passaniti
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Program in Molecular Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Research Health Scientist, The Veteran's Health Administration Research & Development Service (VAMHCS), Baltimore, MD, USA
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196
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Digging deeper through glucose metabolism and its regulators in cancer and metastasis. Life Sci 2020; 264:118603. [PMID: 33091446 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism enzymes and transporters play major role in cancer development and metastasis. In this study, we discuss glucose metabolism, transporters, receptors, hormones, oncogenes and tumor suppressors which interact with glucose metabolism and we try to discuss their major role in cancer development and cancer metabolism. We try to highlight the. Metabolic changes in cancer and metastasis upregulation of glycolysis is observed in many primary and metastatic cancers and aerobic glycolysis is the most favorable mechanism for glucose metabolism in cancer cells, and it is a kind of evolutionary change. The question that is posed at this juncture is: Can we use aerobic glycolysis phenotype and enzymes beyond this mechanism in estimating cancer prognosis and metastasis? Lactate is a metabolite of glucose metabolism and it is a key player in cancer and metastasis in both normoxic and hypoxic condition so lactate dehydrogenase can be a good prognostic biomarker. Furthermore, monocarboxylic transporter which is the main lactate transporter can be good target in therapeutic studies. Glycolysis enzymes are valuable enzymes in cancer and metastasis diagnosis and can be used as therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. Designing a diagnostic and prognostic profile for cancer metastasis seems to be possible base on glycolysis enzymes and glucose transporters. Also, glucose metabolism enzymes and agents can give us a clear vision in estimating cancer metastasis. We can promote a panel of genes that detect genetic changes in glucose metabolism agents to diagnose cancer metastasis.
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197
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Farhadi P, Yarani R, Dokaneheifard S, Mansouri K. The emerging role of targeting cancer metabolism for cancer therapy. Tumour Biol 2020; 42:1010428320965284. [PMID: 33028168 DOI: 10.1177/1010428320965284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose, as the main consuming nutrient of the body, faces different destinies in cancer cells. Glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and pentose phosphate pathways produce different glucose-derived metabolites and thus affect cells' bioenergetics differently. Tumor cells' dependency to aerobic glycolysis and other cancer-specific metabolism changes are known as the cancer hallmarks, distinct cancer cells from normal cells. Therefore, these tumor-specific characteristics receive the limelight as targets for cancer therapy. Glutamine, serine, and fatty acid oxidation together with 5-lipoxygenase are main pathways that have attracted lots of attention for cancer therapy. In this review, we not only discuss different tumor metabolism aspects but also discuss the metabolism roles in the promotion of cancer cells at different stages and their difference with normal cells. Besides, we dissect the inhibitors potential in blocking the main metabolic pathways to introduce the effective and non-effective inhibitors in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Farhadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Yarani
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Sadat Dokaneheifard
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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198
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Cancer Metabolism: Phenotype, Signaling and Therapeutic Targets. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102308. [PMID: 33081387 PMCID: PMC7602974 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant metabolism is a major hallmark of cancer. Abnormal cancer metabolism, such as aerobic glycolysis and increased anabolic pathways, has important roles in tumorigenesis, metastasis, drug resistance, and cancer stem cells. Well-known oncogenic signaling pathways, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, Myc, and Hippo pathway, mediate metabolic gene expression and increase metabolic enzyme activities. Vice versa, deregulated metabolic pathways contribute to defects in cellular signal transduction pathways, which in turn provide energy, building blocks, and redox potentials for unrestrained cancer cell proliferation. Studies and clinical trials are being performed that focus on the inhibition of metabolic enzymes by small molecules or dietary interventions (e.g., fasting, calorie restriction, and intermittent fasting). Similar to genetic heterogeneity, the metabolic phenotypes of cancers are highly heterogeneous. This heterogeneity results from diverse cues in the tumor microenvironment and genetic mutations. Hence, overcoming metabolic plasticity is an important goal of modern cancer therapeutics. This review highlights recent findings on the metabolic phenotypes of cancer and elucidates the interactions between signal transduction pathways and metabolic pathways. We also provide novel rationales for designing the next-generation cancer metabolism drugs.
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199
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Czogalla B, Partenheimer A, Badmann S, Schmoeckel E, Mayr D, Kolben T, Beyer S, Hester A, Burges A, Mahner S, Jeschke U, Trillsch F. Nuclear Enolase-1/ MBP-1 expression and its association with the Wnt signaling in epithelial ovarian cancer. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100910. [PMID: 33069100 PMCID: PMC7569221 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enolase-1, primarily known for its role in glucose metabolism, is overexpressed in various cancer entities. In contrast its alternative spliced nuclear isoform MBP-1 acts as a tumor suppressor. The aim of this study is to analyze the prognostic impact of Enolase-1/ MBP-1 and its functional significance in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS By immunohistochemistry, Enolase-1 staining was examined in 156 EOC samples. Evaluation of Enolase-1 staining was conducted in the nucleus and the cytoplasm using the semi-quantitative immunoreactive score. Expression levels were correlated with clinical and pathological parameters as well as with overall survival to assess for prognostic impact. RESULTS Cytoplasmic and nuclear Enolase-1 expression did not show a significant difference between the histological subtypes (p = 0.1). High nuclear Enolase-1/ MBP-1 staining negativly correlated with the tumor grading (p<0.001; Cc= -0.318). Cytoplasmic Enolase-1 did not correlate with clinicopathological data. Higher nuclear Enolase-1/ MBP-1 staining was detected in low-grade serous cancer cases compared to high-grade ones (median IRS 3 (range 0-8) vs. median IRS 2 (range 0-4), p<0.001). Nuclear Enolase-1/ MBP-1 expression correlated with the Wnt signaling markers membranous beta-catenin (p = 0.007; Cc=0.235), serine residue 9-phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (p<0.001; Cc=0.341) and snail/slug (p = 0.004; Cc= -0.257). High nuclear Enolase-1/ MBP-1 expression was associated with improved overall survival (88.6 vs. 33.1 months, median; p = 0.013). CONCLUSION Additional knowledge of Enolase-1/ MBP-1 as a biomarker and its interactions within the Wnt signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition potentially improve the prognosis of therapeutic approaches in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Czogalla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Partenheimer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susann Badmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisa Schmoeckel
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kolben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Beyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Hester
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Burges
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Trillsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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200
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Monitoring and modeling of lymphocytic leukemia cell bioenergetics reveals decreased ATP synthesis during cell division. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4983. [PMID: 33020492 PMCID: PMC7536222 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18769-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The energetic demands of a cell are believed to increase during mitosis, but the rates of ATP synthesis and consumption during mitosis have not been quantified. Here, we monitor mitochondrial membrane potential of single lymphocytic leukemia cells and demonstrate that mitochondria hyperpolarize from the G2/M transition until the metaphase-anaphase transition. This hyperpolarization was dependent on cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) activity. By using an electrical circuit model of mitochondria, we quantify mitochondrial ATP synthesis rates in mitosis from the single-cell time-dynamics of mitochondrial membrane potential. We find that mitochondrial ATP synthesis decreases by approximately 50% during early mitosis and increases back to G2 levels during cytokinesis. Consistently, ATP levels and ATP synthesis are lower in mitosis than in G2 in synchronized cell populations. Overall, our results provide insights into mitotic bioenergetics and suggest that cell division is not a highly energy demanding process. ATP drives most cellular processes, although ATP production and consumption levels during mitosis remain unreported. Here, the authors combine metabolic measurements and modeling to quantify ATP levels and synthesis dynamics, revealing that ATP synthesis and consumption are lowered during mitosis.
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