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Abstract
B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) family proteins gather at the biologic cross-roads of renal cell survival: the outer mitochondrial membrane. Despite shared sequence and structural features, members of this conserved protein family constantly antagonize each other in a life-and-death battle. BCL-2 members innocently reside within renal cells until activated or de-activated by physiologic stresses caused by common nephrotoxins, transient ischemia, or acute glomerulonephritis. Recent experimental data not only illuminate the intricate mechanisms of apoptosis, the most familiar form of BCL-2-mediated cell death, but emphasizes their newfound roles in necrosis, necroptosis, membrane pore transition regulated necrosis, and other forms of acute cell demise. A major paradigm shift in non-cell death roles of the BCL-2 family has occurred. BCL-2 proteins also regulate critical daily renal cell housekeeping functions including cell metabolism, autophagy (an effective means for recycling cell components), mitochondrial morphology (organelle fission and fusion), as well as mitochondrial biogenesis. This article considers new concepts in the biochemical and structural regulation of BCL-2 proteins that contribute to membrane pore permeabilization, a universal feature of cell death. Despite these advances, persistent BCL-2 family mysteries continue to challenge cell biologists. Given their interface with many intracellular functions, it is likely that BCL-2 proteins determine cell viability under many pathologic circumstances relevant to the nephrologist and, as a consequence, represent an ideal therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Borkan
- Evans Biomedical Research Center, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA.
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152
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Wang B, Nie J, Wu L, Hu Y, Wen Z, Dong L, Zou MH, Chen C, Wang DW. AMPKα2 Protects Against the Development of Heart Failure by Enhancing Mitophagy via PINK1 Phosphorylation. Circ Res 2017; 122:712-729. [PMID: 29284690 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in heart failure (HF). However, the molecular mechanisms regulating mitochondrial functions via selective mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the role of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) in selective mitophagy during HF. METHODS AND RESULTS An isoform shift from AMPKα2 to AMPKα1 was observed in failing heart samples from HF patients and transverse aortic constriction-induced mice, accompanied by decreased mitophagy and mitochondrial function. The recombinant adeno-associated virus Serotype 9-mediated overexpression of AMPKα2 in mouse hearts prevented the development of transverse aortic constriction-induced chronic HF by increasing mitophagy and improving mitochondrial function. In contrast, AMPKα2-/- mutant mice exhibited an exacerbation of the early progression of transverse aortic constriction-induced HF via decreases in cardiac mitophagy. In isolated adult mouse cardiomyocytes, AMPKα2 overexpression mechanistically rescued the impairment of mitophagy after phenylephrine stimulation for 24 hours. Genetic knockdown of AMPKα2, but not AMPKα1, by short interfering RNA suppressed the early phase (6 hours) of phenylephrine-induced compensatory increases in mitophagy. Furthermore, AMPKα2 specifically interacted with phosphorylated PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1) at Ser495 after phenylephrine stimulation. Subsequently, phosphorylated PINK1 recruited the E3 ubiquitin ligase, Parkin, to depolarized mitochondria, and then enhanced the role of the PINK1-Parkin-SQSTM1 (sequestosome-1) pathway involved in cardiac mitophagy. This increase in cardiac mitophagy was accompanied by the elimination of damaged mitochondria, improvement in mitochondrial function, decrease in reactive oxygen species production, and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Finally, Ala mutation of PINK1 at Ser495 partially suppressed AMPKα2 overexpression-induced mitophagy and improvement of mitochondrial function in phenylephrine-stimulated cardiomyocytes, whereas Asp (phosphorylation mimic) mutation promoted mitophagy after phenylephrine stimulation. CONCLUSIONS In failing hearts, the dominant AMPKα isoform switched from AMPKα2 to AMPKα1, which accelerated HF. The results show that phosphorylation of Ser495 in PINK1 by AMPKα2 was essential for efficient mitophagy to prevent the progression of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College (B.W., J.N., L.W., Z.W.,C.C., D.W.W.), Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders (B.W., J.N., L.W., Z.W.,C.C., D.W.W.), and Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College (B.W., Y.H., L.D.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Jiali Nie
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College (B.W., J.N., L.W., Z.W.,C.C., D.W.W.), Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders (B.W., J.N., L.W., Z.W.,C.C., D.W.W.), and Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College (B.W., Y.H., L.D.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Lujin Wu
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College (B.W., J.N., L.W., Z.W.,C.C., D.W.W.), Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders (B.W., J.N., L.W., Z.W.,C.C., D.W.W.), and Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College (B.W., Y.H., L.D.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Yangyang Hu
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College (B.W., J.N., L.W., Z.W.,C.C., D.W.W.), Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders (B.W., J.N., L.W., Z.W.,C.C., D.W.W.), and Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College (B.W., Y.H., L.D.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Zheng Wen
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College (B.W., J.N., L.W., Z.W.,C.C., D.W.W.), Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders (B.W., J.N., L.W., Z.W.,C.C., D.W.W.), and Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College (B.W., Y.H., L.D.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Lingli Dong
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College (B.W., J.N., L.W., Z.W.,C.C., D.W.W.), Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders (B.W., J.N., L.W., Z.W.,C.C., D.W.W.), and Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College (B.W., Y.H., L.D.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College (B.W., J.N., L.W., Z.W.,C.C., D.W.W.), Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders (B.W., J.N., L.W., Z.W.,C.C., D.W.W.), and Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College (B.W., Y.H., L.D.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Chen Chen
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College (B.W., J.N., L.W., Z.W.,C.C., D.W.W.), Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders (B.W., J.N., L.W., Z.W.,C.C., D.W.W.), and Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College (B.W., Y.H., L.D.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (M.-H.Z.).
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College (B.W., J.N., L.W., Z.W.,C.C., D.W.W.), Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders (B.W., J.N., L.W., Z.W.,C.C., D.W.W.), and Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College (B.W., Y.H., L.D.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (M.-H.Z.).
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153
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Penrose HM, Heller S, Cable C, Nakhoul H, Ungerleider N, Baddoo M, Pursell ZF, Flemington EK, Crawford SE, Savkovic SD. In colonic ρ 0 (rho0) cells reduced mitochondrial function mediates transcriptomic alterations associated with cancer. Oncoscience 2017; 4:189-198. [PMID: 29344557 PMCID: PMC5769983 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial reprogramming has emerged as a hallmark of cancer pathobiology. Although it is believed this reprogramming is essential for cancer cells to thrive, how it supports cancer pathobiology is unclear. We previously generated colonic ρ0 (rho0) cells with reduced mitochondrial energy function and acquired their transcriptional signature. Here, we utilized a bioinformatics approach to identify their changes linked to cancer pathobiology. Methods Human colon cancer HCT116 cells, control and ρ0, were used for qPCR. Bioinformatics analysis: GeneCards, Kaplan-Meier Survival, GENT, cBioPortal. Results The colonic ρ0 transcriptome was linked with proliferation, DNA replication, survival, tumor morphology, and cancer. Among differentially expressed transcripts, 281 were regulators or biomarkers of human colon cancer especially those with inflammatory microsatellite instability (MSI). We identified and validated novel transcripts in ρ0 cells with altered expression in human colon cancer. Among them DGK1, HTR7, FLRT3, and ZBTB18 co-occurred with established regulators of human colon cancer pathobiology. Also, increased levels of DGKI, FLRT3, ZBTB18, and YPEL1 as well as decreased levels of HTR7, and CALML6 were linked to substantially poorer patient survival. Conclusion We identified established and novel regulators in colon cancer pathobiology that are dependent on mitochondrial energy reprogramming and linked to poorer patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison M Penrose
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Sandra Heller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chloe Cable
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hani Nakhoul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Nate Ungerleider
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Melody Baddoo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Zachary F Pursell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Erik K Flemington
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Susan E Crawford
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore Research Institute, Affiliate of University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Suzana D Savkovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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154
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Lin PI, Tai YT, Chan WP, Lin YL, Liao MH, Chen RM. Estrogen/ERα signaling axis participates in osteoblast maturation via upregulating chromosomal and mitochondrial complex gene expressions. Oncotarget 2017; 9:1169-1186. [PMID: 29416685 PMCID: PMC5787428 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency usually leads to bone loss and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoblasts play crucial roles in bone formation. However, osteoblast functions are influenced by mitochondrial bioenergetic conditions. In this study, we investigated the roles of the estrogen and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) axis in mitochondrial energy metabolism and subsequent osteoblast mineralization. Exposure of rat calvarial osteoblasts to estradiol caused substantial improvements in alkaline phosphatase activities and cell calcification. In parallel, treatment of human osteoblast-like U2OS cells, derived from a female osteosarcoma patient, with estradiol specifically augmented ERα levels. Sequentially, estradiol stimulated translocation of ERα to nuclei in human osteoblasts and induced expressions of genomic respiratory chain complex NDUFA10, UQCRC1, cytochrome c oxidase (COX)8A, COX6A2, COX8C, COX6C, COX6B2, COX412, and ATP12A genes. Concurrently, estradiol stimulated translocation of ERα to mitochondria from the cytoplasm. A bioinformatic search found the existence of four estrogen response elements in the 5’-promoter region of the mitochondrial cox i gene. Interestingly, estradiol induced COX I mRNA and protein expressions in human osteoblasts or rat calvarial osteoblasts. Knocking-down ERα translation concurrently downregulated estradiol-induced COX I mRNA expression. Consequently, exposure to estradiol led to successive increases in the mitochondrial membrane potential, the mitochondrial enzyme activity, and cellular adenosine triphosphate levels. Taken together, this study showed the roles of the estradiol/ERα signaling axis in improving osteoblast maturation through upregulating the mitochondrial bioenergetic system due to induction of definite chromosomal and mitochondrial complex gene expressions. Our results provide novel insights elucidating the roles of the estrogen/ERα alliance in regulating bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-I Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tai
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wing P Chan
- Department of Radiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsiu Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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155
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Li B, Wang W, Li Z, Chen Z, Zhi X, Xu J, Li Q, Wang L, Huang X, Wang L, Wei S, Sun G, Zhang X, He Z, Zhang L, Zhang D, Xu H, El-Rifai W, Xu Z. MicroRNA-148a-3p enhances cisplatin cytotoxicity in gastric cancer through mitochondrial fission induction and cyto-protective autophagy suppression. Cancer Lett 2017; 410:212-227. [PMID: 28965855 PMCID: PMC5675767 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) resistance is a major clinical problem associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer (GC) patients. In this study, we performed integrated analysis of TCGA data from microRNAs (miRNAs) expression matrix of GC patients who received CDDP-based chemotherapy with GEO dataset which contains differential miRNAs expression profiles in CDDP-resistant and -sensitive cell lines. We identified miR-148a-3p downregulation as a key step involved in CDDP resistance. Using a cohort consisting 105 GC patients who received CDDP-based therapy, we found that miR-148a-3p downregulation was associated with a decrease in patients' disease-free survival (DFS, P = 0.0077). A series of experiment data demonstrated that: 1) miR-148a-3p was downregulated in CDDP-resistant GC cell lines; 2) miR-148a-3p reconstitution sensitized CDDP-resistant cells to CDDP treatment through promoting mitochondrial fission and decreasing AKAP1 expression level; 3) AKAP1 played a novel role in CDDP resistance by inhibiting P53-mediated DRP1 dephosphorylation; 4) miR-148a-3p reconstitution in CDDP-resistant cells inhibits the cyto-protective autophagy by suppressing RAB12 expression and mTOR1 activation. Taken together, our study demonstrates that miR-148a-3p could be a promising prognostic marker or therapeutic candidate for overcoming CDDP resistance in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, 37232, TN, USA
| | - Xiaofei Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Jianghao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Xiaoxu Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Song Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Guangli Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Diancai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, 37232, TN, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, 37232, TN, USA.
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China.
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156
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Propofol Prevents Oxidative Stress by Decreasing the Ischemic Accumulation of Succinate in Focal Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:420-429. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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157
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Dawson TM, Dawson VL. Mitochondrial Mechanisms of Neuronal Cell Death: Potential Therapeutics. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 57:437-454. [PMID: 28061689 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010716-105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria lie at the crossroads of neuronal survival and cell death. They play important roles in cellular bioenergetics, control intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and participate in key metabolic pathways. Mutations in genes involved in mitochondrial quality control cause a myriad of neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria have evolved strategies to kill cells when they are not able to continue their vital functions. This review provides an overview of the role of mitochondria in neurologic disease and the cell death pathways that are mediated through mitochondria, including their role in accidental cell death, the regulated cell death pathways of apoptosis and parthanatos, and programmed cell death. It details the current state of parthanatic cell death and discusses potential therapeutic strategies targeting initiators and effectors of mitochondrial-mediated cell death in neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; , .,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana 70130
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; , .,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.,Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana 70130.,Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana 70130
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158
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Toufexis D, King SB, Michopoulos V. Socially Housed Female Macaques: a Translational Model for the Interaction of Chronic Stress and Estrogen in Aging. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2017; 19:78. [PMID: 28905316 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-017-0833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Estrogen's role in cognitive aging remains unclear. Despite evidence implicating stress in pathological aging, the interaction of stress with estrogen on cognition in older women has received little attention, and few animal models exist with which to examine this interaction. RECENT FINDINGS We present evidence that aging socially subordinate female macaques that experience chronic psychosocial stress constitute a suitable model to investigate this. First, we review studies showing that estrogen modulates cognition in animal models, as well as studies demonstrating that estrogen's action on certain types of cognition is impaired by stress. Next, we discuss data showing that middle-aged socially subordinate female macaques exhibit distinct stress-induced phenotypes, and review our investigations indicating that estrogen modulates behavior and physiology differently in subordinate female monkeys. We conclude that socially housed female macaques represent a translational animal model for investigating the interplay of chronic stress and estrogen on cognitive aging in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Toufexis
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Division of Development and Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S Bradley King
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Division of Development and Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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159
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Lee SR, Han J. Mitochondrial Mutations in Cardiac Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 982:81-111. [PMID: 28551783 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria individually encapsulate their own genome, unlike other cellular organelles. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a circular, double-stranded, 16,569-base paired DNA containing 37 genes: 13 proteins of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs; 12S and 16S), and 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs). The mtDNA is more vulnerable to oxidative modifications compared to nuclear DNA because of its proximity to ROS-producing sites, limited presence of DNA damage repair systems, and continuous replication in the cell. mtDNA mutations can be inherited or sporadic. Simple mtDNA mutations are point mutations, which are frequently found in mitochondrial tRNA loci, causing mischarging of mitochondrial tRNAs or deletion, duplication, or reduction in mtDNA content. Because mtDNA has multiple copies and a specific replication mechanism in cells or tissues, it can be heterogenous, resulting in characteristic phenotypic presentations such as heteroplasmy, genetic drift, and threshold effects. Recent studies have increased the understanding of basic mitochondrial genetics, providing an insight into the correlations between mitochondrial mutations and cardiac manifestations including hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death with a syndromic or non-syndromic phenotype. Clinical manifestations of mitochondrial mutations, which result from structural defects, functional impairment, or both, are increasingly detected but are not clear because of the complex interplay between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, even in homoplasmic mitochondrial populations. Additionally, various factors such as individual susceptibility, nutritional state, and exposure to chemicals can influence phenotypic presentation, even for the same mtDNA mutation.In this chapter, we summarize our current understanding of mtDNA mutations and their role in cardiac involvement. In addition, epigenetic modifications of mtDNA are briefly discussed for future elucidation of their critical role in cardiac involvement. Finally, current strategies for dealing with mitochondrial mutations in cardiac disorders are briefly stated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ryul Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, 47392, South Korea
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, 47392, South Korea.
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160
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Chang JC, Hoel F, Liu KH, Wei YH, Cheng FC, Kuo SJ, Tronstad KJ, Liu CS. Peptide-mediated delivery of donor mitochondria improves mitochondrial function and cell viability in human cybrid cells with the MELAS A3243G mutation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10710. [PMID: 28878349 PMCID: PMC5587702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell penetrating peptide, Pep-1, has been shown to facilitate cellular uptake of foreign mitochondria but further research is required to evaluate the use of Pep-1-mediated mitochondrial delivery (PMD) in treating mitochondrial defects. Presently, we sought to determine whether mitochondrial transplantation rescue mitochondrial function in a cybrid cell model of mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) disease. Following PMD, recipient cells had internalized donor mitochondria after 1 h, and expressed higher levels of normal mitochondrial DNA, particularly at the end of the treatment and 11 days later. After 4 days, mitochondrial respiratory function had recovered and biogenesis was evident in the Pep-1 and PMD groups, compared to the untreated MELAS group. However, only PMD was able to reverse the fusion-to-fission ratio of mitochondrial morphology, and mitochondria shaping proteins resembled the normal pattern seen in the control group. Cell survival following hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress was also improved in the PMD group. Finally, we observed that PMD partially normalized cytokine expression, including that of interleukin (IL)-7, granulocyte macrophage–colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the MELAS cells. Presently, our data further confirm the protective effects of PMD as well in MELAS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chih Chang
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Fredrik Hoel
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ko-Hung Liu
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chou Cheng
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Jen Kuo
- Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | | | - Chin-San Liu
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
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de Oliveira Souza A, Couto-Lima CA, Rosa Machado MC, Espreafico EM, Pinheiro Ramos RG, Alberici LC. Protective action of Omega-3 on paraquat intoxication in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:1050-1063. [PMID: 28849990 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1357345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) (1,1'-dimethyl-4-4'-bipyridinium dichloride) is the second most widely used herbicide worldwide; however, in countries different sales and distribution remain restricted. Chronic exposure to PQ leads to several diseases related to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions including myocardial failure, cancer, and neurodegeneration and subsequently death depending upon the dose level. The aim of this study was to examine if diet supplementation with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA and DHA, omega-3 long-chain fatty acids) serves a protective mechanism against neuromuscular dysfunctions mediated by PQ using Drosophila melanogaster as a model with focus on mitochondrial metabolism. PQ ingestion (170 mg/kg b.w. for 3 d) resulted in a decreased life span and climbing ability in D. melanogaster. In the brain, PQ increased thioflavin fluorescence and reduced either 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) nuclei staining and neuronal nuclei protein (NeuN) positive neurons, indicating amyloid formation and neurodegenetation, respectively. In the thorax, PQ ingestion lowered citrate synthase activity and respiratory functions indicating a reduction in mitochondrial content. PQ elevated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) mRNA expression levels, indicative of high calcium influx from cytosol to mitochondrial matrix. In brain and thorax, PQ also increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and impaired acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Concomitant EPA/DHA ingestion (0.31/0.19 mg/kg b.w.) protected D. melanogaster against PQ-induced toxicity preserving neuromuscular function and slowing down the rate of aging. In brain and thorax, these omega-3 fatty acids inhibited excess H2O2 production and restored AChE activity. EPA/DHA delayed amyloid deposition in the brain, and restored low citrate synthase activity and respiratory functions in the thorax. The effects in the thorax were attributed to stimulated mRNA expression level of genes involved either in mitochondrial dynamics or biogenesis promoted by EPA/DHA: dynamin-related protein (DRP1), mitochondrial assembly regulatory factor (MARF), mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase (OPA1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α). In conclusion, diet supplementation with EPA/DHA appears to protect D. melanogaster muscular and neuronal tissues against PQ intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson de Oliveira Souza
- a Institute of Health and Biotechnology, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM) Estrada Coari-Mamiá 305 , CEP 69460-000 , Coari-AM , Brazil
- b Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo (FCFRP-USP) Avenida do Café s/nº , CEP 14040-903 , Ribeirão Preto-SP , Brazil
| | - Carlos Antônio Couto-Lima
- c Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP-USP) Avenida Bandeirantes 3900 , CEP 14049-900 , Ribeirão Preto-SP , Brazil
| | - Maiaro Cabral Rosa Machado
- c Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP-USP) Avenida Bandeirantes 3900 , CEP 14049-900 , Ribeirão Preto-SP , Brazil
| | - Enilza Maria Espreafico
- c Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP-USP) Avenida Bandeirantes 3900 , CEP 14049-900 , Ribeirão Preto-SP , Brazil
| | - Ricardo Guelerman Pinheiro Ramos
- c Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP-USP) Avenida Bandeirantes 3900 , CEP 14049-900 , Ribeirão Preto-SP , Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- b Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo (FCFRP-USP) Avenida do Café s/nº , CEP 14040-903 , Ribeirão Preto-SP , Brazil
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162
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Iron Loading Exaggerates the Inflammatory Response to the Toll-like Receptor 4 Ligand Lipopolysaccharide by Altering Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Anesthesiology 2017; 127:121-135. [PMID: 28430694 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000001653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative and critically ill patients are often exposed to iron (in the form of parenteral-iron administration or blood transfusion) and inflammatory stimuli, but the effects of iron loading on the inflammatory response are unclear. Recent data suggest that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species have an important role in the innate immune response and that increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production is a result of dysfunctional mitochondria. We tested the hypothesis that increased intracellular iron potentiates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels. METHODS Murine macrophage cells were incubated with iron and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. C57BL/6 wild-type mice were intraperitoneally injected with iron and then with lipopolysaccharide. Markers of inflammation and mitochondrial superoxide production were examined. Mitochondrial homeostasis (the balance between mitochondrial biogenesis and destruction) was assessed, as were mitochondrial mass and the proportion of nonfunctional to total mitochondria. RESULTS Iron loading of mice and cells potentiated the inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide. Iron loading increased mitochondrial superoxide production. Treatment with MitoTEMPO, a mitochondria-specific antioxidant, blunted the proinflammatory effects of iron loading. Iron loading increased mitochondrial mass in cells treated with lipopolysaccharide and increased the proportion of nonfunctional mitochondria. Iron loading also altered mitochondrial homeostasis to favor increased production of mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS Acute iron loading potentiates the inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide, at least in part by disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis and increasing the production of mitochondrial superoxide. Improved understanding of iron homeostasis in the context of acute inflammation may yield innovative therapeutic approaches in perioperative and critically ill patients.
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163
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Kim JS, Kim SH, Park SK. Selenocysteine modulates resistance to environmental stress and confers anti-aging effects in C. elegans. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2017; 72:491-498. [PMID: 28954009 PMCID: PMC5579318 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2017(08)07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The free radical theory of aging suggests that cellular oxidative damage caused by free radicals is a leading cause of aging. In the present study, we examined the effects of a well-known anti-oxidant amino acid derivative, selenocysteine, in response to environmental stress and aging using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system. METHOD: The response to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 or ultraviolet irradiation was compared between the untreated control and selenocysteine-treated groups. The effect of selenocysteine on lifespan and fertility was then determined. To examine the effect of selenocysteine on muscle aging, we monitored the change in motility with aging in both the untreated control and selenocysteine-treated groups. RESULTS: Dietary supplementation with selenocysteine significantly increased resistance to oxidative stress. Survival after ultraviolet irradiation was also increased by supplementation with selenocysteine. Treatment with selenocysteine confers a longevity phenotype without an accompanying reduction in fertility, which is frequently observed in lifespan-extending interventions as a trade-off in C. elegans. In addition, the age-related decline in motility was significantly delayed by supplementation of selenocysteine. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that dietary supplementation of selenocysteine can modulate response to stressors and lead to lifespan extension, thus supporting the free radical theory of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Sung Kim
- Soonchunhyang University, College of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyeon Kim
- Soonchunhyang University, College of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Park
- Soonchunhyang University, College of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- *Corresponding author: E-mail:
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164
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Mapuskar KA, Flippo KH, Schoenfeld JD, Riley DP, Strack S, Hejleh TA, Furqan M, Monga V, Domann FE, Buatti JM, Goswami PC, Spitz DR, Allen BG. Mitochondrial Superoxide Increases Age-Associated Susceptibility of Human Dermal Fibroblasts to Radiation and Chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5054-5067. [PMID: 28765155 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Elderly cancer patients treated with ionizing radiation (IR) or chemotherapy experience more frequent and greater normal tissue toxicity relative to younger patients. The current study demonstrates that exponentially growing fibroblasts from elderly (old) male donor subjects (70, 72, and 78 years) are significantly more sensitive to clonogenic killing mediated by platinum-based chemotherapy and IR (∼70%-80% killing) relative to young fibroblasts (5 months and 1 year; ∼10%-20% killing) and adult fibroblasts (20 years old; ∼10%-30% killing). Old fibroblasts also displayed significantly increased (2-4-fold) steady-state levels of O2•-, O2 consumption, and mitochondrial membrane potential as well as significantly decreased (40%-50%) electron transport chain (ETC) complex I, II, IV, V, and aconitase (70%) activities, decreased ATP levels, and significantly altered mitochondrial structure. Following adenoviral-mediated overexpression of SOD2 activity (5-7-fold), mitochondrial ETC activity and aconitase activity were restored, demonstrating a role for mitochondrial O2•- in these effects. Old fibroblasts also demonstrated elevated levels of endogenous DNA damage that were increased following treatment with IR and chemotherapy. Most importantly, treatment with the small-molecule, superoxide dismutase mimetic (GC4419; 0.25 μmol/L) significantly mitigated the increased sensitivity of old fibroblasts to IR and chemotherapy and partially restored mitochondrial function without affecting IR or chemotherapy-induced cancer cell killing. These results support the hypothesis that age-associated increased O2•- and resulting DNA damage mediate the increased susceptibility of old fibroblasts to IR and chemotherapy that can be mitigated by GC4419. Cancer Res; 77(18); 5054-67. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kranti A Mapuskar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kyle H Flippo
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | | | - Stefan Strack
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Taher Abu Hejleh
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Muhammad Furqan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Varun Monga
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Frederick E Domann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John M Buatti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Prabhat C Goswami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Bryan G Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
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165
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Translating protein phosphatase research into treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:101-112. [PMID: 28202663 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many of the major neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the accumulation of intracellular protein aggregates in neurons and other cells in brain, suggesting that errors in protein quality control mechanisms associated with the aging process play a critical role in the onset and progression of disease. The increased understanding of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling network and, more specifically, the structure and function of eIF2α phosphatases has enabled the development or discovery of small molecule inhibitors that show great promise in restoring protein homeostasis and ameliorating neuronal damage and death. While this review focuses attention on one or more eIF2α phosphatases, the wide range of UPR proteins that are currently being explored as potential drug targets bodes well for the successful future development of therapies to preserve neuronal function and treat neurodegenerative disease.
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166
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Hou H, Er P, Cheng J, Chen X, Ding X, Wang Y, Chen X, Yuan Z, Pang Q, Wang P, Qian D. High expression of FUNDC1 predicts poor prognostic outcomes and is a promising target to improve chemoradiotherapy effects in patients with cervical cancer. Cancer Med 2017; 6:1871-1881. [PMID: 28719148 PMCID: PMC5548885 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1) is an important molecule in receptor‐dependent mitophagy. However, the roles of FUNDC1 in human cancer biology remain unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the expression and roles of FUNDC1 in cervical cancer. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were applied to detect the expression of FUNDC1, and small‐hairpin RNA was applied to inhibit the expression of endogenous FUNDC1 in cervical cancer cells. MTT assays and Flow cytometric analysis were applied to examine cell proliferation and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the formation of γH2AX foci and evaluate the extent of DNA damage. Compared with corresponding adjacent noncancerous cervical tissues, the expression of FUNDC1 in cervical cancer cells was significantly increased. High expression of FUNDC1 and the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer were correlated negatively, which could be used as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and disease‐free survival. Depletion of FUNDC1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells, induced apoptosis, and enhanced cell sensitivity to cisplatin and ionizing radiation (IR). Our data suggested that FUNDC1 can be used as a prognostic biomarker in patients with cervical cancer, and may be a new therapeutic target to improve the antitumor effects of chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Puchun Er
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingsong Pang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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167
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Leaw B, Nair S, Lim R, Thornton C, Mallard C, Hagberg H. Mitochondria, Bioenergetics and Excitotoxicity: New Therapeutic Targets in Perinatal Brain Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:199. [PMID: 28747873 PMCID: PMC5506196 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury to the fragile immature brain is implicated in the manifestation of long-term neurological disorders, including childhood disability such as cerebral palsy, learning disability and behavioral disorders. Advancements in perinatal practice and improved care mean the majority of infants suffering from perinatal brain injury will survive, with many subtle clinical symptoms going undiagnosed until later in life. Hypoxic-ischemia is the dominant cause of perinatal brain injury, and constitutes a significant socioeconomic burden to both developed and developing countries. Therapeutic hypothermia is the sole validated clinical intervention to perinatal asphyxia; however it is not always neuroprotective and its utility is limited to developed countries. There is an urgent need to better understand the molecular pathways underlying hypoxic-ischemic injury to identify new therapeutic targets in such a small but critical therapeutic window. Mitochondria are highly implicated following ischemic injury due to their roles as the powerhouse and main energy generators of the cell, as well as cell death processes. While the link between impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and secondary energy failure following loss of high-energy phosphates is well established after hypoxia-ischemia (HI), there is emerging evidence that the roles of mitochondria in disease extend far beyond this. Indeed, mitochondrial turnover, including processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, fission and mitophagy, affect recovery of neurons after injury and mitochondria are involved in the regulation of the innate immune response to inflammation. This review article will explore these mitochondrial pathways, and finally will summarize past and current efforts in targeting these pathways after hypoxic-ischemic injury, as a means of identifying new avenues for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Leaw
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Syam Nair
- Perinatal Center, Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Lim
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchClayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University ClaytonClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Claire Thornton
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' HospitalLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Carina Mallard
- Perinatal Center, Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' HospitalLondon, United Kingdom.,Perinatal Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg UniversityGothenburg, Sweden
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168
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Ha BG, Jung SS, Shon YH. Effects of proton beam irradiation on mitochondrial biogenesis in a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:859-866. [PMID: 28713989 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton beam therapy has recently been used to improve local control of tumor growth and reduce side-effects by decreasing the global dose to normal tissue. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the physiological role of proton beam radiation are not well understood, and many studies are still being conducted regarding these mechanisms. To determine the effects of proton beams on mitochondrial biogenesis, we investigated: mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mass; the gene expression of mitochondrial transcription factors, functional regulators, and dynamic-related regulators; and the phosphorylation of the signaling molecules that participate in mitochondrial biogenesis. Both the mtDNA/nuclear DNA (nDNA) ratio and the mitochondria staining assays showed that proton beam irradiation increases mitochondrial biogenesis in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced aggressive HT-29 cells. Simultaneously, proton beam irradiation increases the gene expression of the mitochondrial transcription factors PGC-1α, NRF1, ERRα, and mtTFA, the dynamic regulators DRP1, OPA1, TIMM44, and TOM40, and the functional regulators CytC, ATP5B and CPT1-α. Furthermore, proton beam irradiation increases the phosphorylation of AMPK, an important molecule involved in mitochondrial biogenesis that is an energy sensor and is regulated by the AMP/ATP ratio. Based on these findings, we suggest that proton beam irradiation inhibits metastatic potential by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and function in TPA-induced aggressive HT-29 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Geun Ha
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Suk Jung
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Shon
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
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169
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Tan T, Zimmermann M, Reichert AS. Controlling quality and amount of mitochondria by mitophagy: insights into the role of ubiquitination and deubiquitination. Biol Chem 2017; 397:637-47. [PMID: 27145142 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitophagy is a selective autophagy pathway conserved in eukaryotes and plays an essential role in mitochondrial quality and quantity control. Mitochondrial fission and fusion cycles maintain a certain amount of healthy mitochondria and allow the isolation of damaged mitochondria for their elimination by mitophagy. Mitophagy can be classified into receptor-dependent and ubiquitin-dependent pathways. The mitochondrial outer membrane protein Atg32 is identified as the only known receptor for mitophagy in baker's yeast, whereas mitochondrial proteins FUNDC1, NIX/BNIP3L, BNIP3 and Bcl2L13 are recognized as mitophagy receptors in mammalian cells. Earlier studies showed that ubiquitination and deubiquitination occurs in yeast, yet there is no direct evidence for an ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy pathway in this organism. In contrast, a ubiquitin-/PINK1-/Parkin-dependent mitophagy pathway was unraveled and was extensively characterized in mammals in recent years. Recently, a quantitative method termed synthetic quantitative array (SQA) technology was developed to identify modulators of mitophagy in baker's yeast on a genome-wide level. The Ubp3-Bre5 deubiquitination complex was found as a negative regulator of mitophagy while promoting other autophagic pathways. Here we discuss how ubiquitination and deubiquitination regulates mitophagy and other selective forms of autophagy and what argues for using baker's yeast as a model to study the ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy pathway.
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170
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Suliman HB, Kraft B, Bartz R, Chen L, Welty-Wolf KE, Piantadosi CA. Mitochondrial quality control in alveolar epithelial cells damaged by S. aureus pneumonia in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L699-L709. [PMID: 28663335 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00197.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage is often overlooked in acute lung injury (ALI), yet most of the lung's physiological processes, such as airway tone, mucociliary clearance, ventilation-perfusion (Va/Q) matching, and immune surveillance require aerobic energy provision. Because the cell's mitochondrial quality control (QC) process regulates the elimination and replacement of damaged mitochondria to maintain cell survival, we serially evaluated mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy in the alveolar regions of mice in a validated Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia model. We report that apart from cell lysis by direct contact with microbes, modest epithelial cell death was detected despite significant mitochondrial damage. Cell death by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining occurred on days 1 and 2 postinoculation: apoptosis shown by caspase-3 cleavage was present on days 1 and 2, while necroptosis shown by increased levels of phospho- mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) and receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) was present on day 1 Cell death in alveolar type I (AT1) cells assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid receptor for advanced glycation end points (RAGE) levels was high, yet AT2 cell death was limited while both mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy were induced. These mitochondrial QC mechanisms were evaluated mainly in AT2 cells by localizing increases in citrate synthase content, increases in nuclear mitochondrial biogenesis regulators nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and increases in light chain 3B protein (LC3-I)/LC3II ratios. Concomitant changes in p62, Pink 1, and Parkin protein levels indicated activation of mitophagy. By confocal microscopy, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy were often observed on day 1 within the same AT2 cells. These findings imply that mitochondrial QC activation in pneumonia-damaged AT2 cells promotes cell survival in support of alveolar function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagir B Suliman
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bryan Kraft
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Raquel Bartz
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lingye Chen
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Karen E Welty-Wolf
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Claude A Piantadosi
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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171
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Boengler K, Kosiol M, Mayr M, Schulz R, Rohrbach S. Mitochondria and ageing: role in heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:349-369. [PMID: 28432755 PMCID: PMC5476857 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is the most important risk factor for most diseases. Mitochondria play a central role in bioenergetics and metabolism. In addition, several lines of evidence indicate the impact of mitochondria in lifespan determination and ageing. The best-known hypothesis to explain ageing is the free radical theory, which proposes that cells, organs, and organisms age because they accumulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage over time. Mitochondria play a central role as the principle source of intracellular ROS, which are mainly formed at the level of complex I and III of the respiratory chain. Dysfunctional mitochondria generating less ATP have been observed in various aged organs. Mitochondrial dysfunction comprises different features including reduced mitochondrial content, altered mitochondrial morphology, reduced activity of the complexes of the electron transport chain, opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and increased ROS formation. Furthermore, abnormalities in mitochondrial quality control or defects in mitochondrial dynamics have also been linked to senescence. Among the tissues affected by mitochondrial dysfunction are those with a high-energy demand and thus high mitochondrial content. Therefore, the present review focuses on the impact of mitochondria in the ageing process of heart and skeletal muscle. In this article, we review different aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction and discuss potential therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial function. Finally, novel aspects of adipose tissue biology and their involvement in the ageing process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Boengler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Maik Kosiol
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Rohrbach
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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172
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Mitophagy Transcriptome: Mechanistic Insights into Polyphenol-Mediated Mitophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017. [PMID: 28626500 PMCID: PMC5463118 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9028435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are important bioenergetic and signalling hubs critical for myriad cellular functions and homeostasis. Dysfunction in mitochondria is a central theme in aging and diseases. Mitophagy, a process whereby damaged mitochondria are selectively removed by autophagy, plays a key homeostatic role in mitochondrial quality control. Upregulation of mitophagy has shown to mitigate superfluous mitochondrial accumulation and toxicity to safeguard mitochondrial fitness. Hence, mitophagy is a viable target to promote longevity and prevent age-related pathologies. Current challenge in modulating mitophagy for cellular protection involves identification of physiological ways to activate the pathway. Till date, mitochondrial stress and toxins remain the most potent inducers of mitophagy. Polyphenols have recently been demonstrated to protect mitochondrial health by facilitating mitophagy, thus suggesting the exciting prospect of augmenting mitophagy through dietary intake. In this review, we will first discuss the different surveillance mechanisms responsible for the removal of damaged mitochondrial components, followed by highlighting the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy. Finally, we will review the functional connection between polyphenols and mitophagy and provide insight into the underlying mechanisms that potentially govern polyphenol-induced mitophagy.
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173
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Hilton GM, Taylor AJ, Hussain S, Dandley EC, Griffith EH, Garantziotis S, Parsons GN, Bonner JC, Bereman MS. Mapping differential cellular protein response of mouse alveolar epithelial cells to multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a function of atomic layer deposition coating. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:313-326. [PMID: 28277982 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1299888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a prototypical engineered nanomaterial, have been increasingly manufactured for a variety of novel applications over the past two decades. However, since CNTs possess fiber-like shape and cause pulmonary fibrosis in rodents, there is concern that mass production of CNTs will lead to occupational exposure and associated pulmonary diseases. The aim of this study was to use contemporary proteomics to investigate the mechanisms of cellular response in E10 mouse alveolar epithelial cells in vitro after exposure to multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) that were functionalized by atomic layer deposition (ALD). ALD is a method used to generate highly uniform and conformal nanoscale thin-film coatings of metals to enhance novel conductive properties of CNTs. We hypothesized that specific types of metal oxide coatings applied to the surface of MWCNTs by ALD would determine distinct proteomic profiles in mouse alveolar epithelial cells in vitro that could be used to predict oxidative stress and pulmonary inflammation. Uncoated (U)-MWCNTs were functionalized by ALD with zinc oxide (ZnO) to yield Z-MWCNTs or aluminum oxide (Al2O3) to yield A-MWCNTs. Significant differential protein expression was found in the following critical pathways: mTOR/eIF4/p70S6K signaling and Nrf-2 mediated oxidative stress response increased following exposure to Z-MWCNTs, interleukin-1 signaling increased following U-MWCNT exposure, and inhibition of angiogenesis by thrombospondin-1, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial dysfunction increased following A-MWCNT exposure. This study demonstrates that specific types of metal oxide thin film coatings applied by ALD produce distinct cellular and biochemical responses related to lung inflammation and fibrosis compared to uncoated MWCNT exposure in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Hilton
- a Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | - Alexia J Taylor
- a Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | - Salik Hussain
- b Clinical Research Unit , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institute of Health , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Erinn C Dandley
- c Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | - Emily H Griffith
- d Department of Statistics , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- b Clinical Research Unit , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institute of Health , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Gregory N Parsons
- c Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | - James C Bonner
- a Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | - Michael S Bereman
- a Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
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174
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Simon DW, McGeachy M, Bayır H, Clark RS, Loane DJ, Kochanek PM. The far-reaching scope of neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury. Nat Rev Neurol 2017; 13:171-191. [PMID: 28186177 PMCID: PMC5675525 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The 'silent epidemic' of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been placed in the spotlight as a result of clinical investigations and popular press coverage of athletes and veterans with single or repetitive head injuries. Neuroinflammation can cause acute secondary injury after TBI, and has been linked to chronic neurodegenerative diseases; however, anti-inflammatory agents have failed to improve TBI outcomes in clinical trials. In this Review, we therefore propose a new framework of targeted immunomodulation after TBI for future exploration. Our framework incorporates factors such as the time from injury, mechanism of injury, and secondary insults in considering potential treatment options. Structuring our discussion around the dynamics of the immune response to TBI - from initial triggers to chronic neuroinflammation - we consider the ability of soluble and cellular inflammatory mediators to promote repair and regeneration versus secondary injury and neurodegeneration. We summarize both animal model and human studies, with clinical data explicitly defined throughout this Review. Recent advances in neuroimmunology and TBI-responsive neuroinflammation are incorporated, including concepts of inflammasomes, mechanisms of microglial polarization, and glymphatic clearance. Moreover, we highlight findings that could offer novel therapeutic targets for translational and clinical research, assimilate evidence from other brain injury models, and identify outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis W. Simon
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mandy McGeachy
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Robert S.B. Clark
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - David J. Loane
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA 21201, USA
| | - Patrick M. Kochanek
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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175
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Coutinho E, Batista C, Sousa F, Queiroz J, Costa D. Mitochondrial Gene Therapy: Advances in Mitochondrial Gene Cloning, Plasmid Production, and Nanosystems Targeted to Mitochondria. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:626-638. [PMID: 28199112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial gene therapy seems to be a valuable and promising strategy to treat mitochondrial disorders. The use of a therapeutic vector based on mitochondrial DNA, along with its affinity to the site of mitochondria, can be considered a powerful tool in the reestablishment of normal mitochondrial function. In line with this and for the first time, we successfully cloned the mitochondrial gene ND1 that was stably maintained in multicopy pCAG-GFP plasmid, which is used to transform E. coli. This mitochondrial-gene-based plasmid was encapsulated into nanoparticles. Furthermore, the functionalization of nanoparticles with polymers, such as cellulose or gelatin, enhances their overall properties and performance for gene therapy. The fluorescence arising from rhodamine nanoparticles in mitochondria and a fluorescence microscopy study show pCAG-GFP-ND1-based nanoparticles' cell internalization and mitochondria targeting. The quantification of GFP expression strongly supports this finding. This work highlights the viability of gene therapy based on mitochondrial DNA instigating further in vitro research and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Coutinho
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior , Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cátia Batista
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior , Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Fani Sousa
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior , Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João Queiroz
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior , Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Diana Costa
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior , Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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176
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude A. Piantadosi
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710;
| | - Hagir B. Suliman
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710;
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177
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Nutrients in Energy and One-Carbon Metabolism: Learning from Metformin Users. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020121. [PMID: 28208582 PMCID: PMC5331552 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic vulnerability is associated with age-related diseases and concomitant co-morbidities, which include obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and cancer. Most of the health problems we face today come from excessive intake of nutrients and drugs mimicking dietary effects and dietary restriction are the most successful manipulations targeting age-related pathways. Phenotypic heterogeneity and individual response to metabolic stressors are closely related food intake. Understanding the complexity of the relationship between dietary provision and metabolic consequences in the long term might provide clinical strategies to improve healthspan. New aspects of metformin activity provide a link to many of the overlapping factors, especially the way in which organismal bioenergetics remodel one-carbon metabolism. Metformin not only inhibits mitochondrial complex 1, modulating the metabolic response to nutrient intake, but also alters one-carbon metabolic pathways. Here, we discuss findings on the mechanism(s) of action of metformin with the potential for therapeutic interpretations.
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178
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Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G. PERM Hypothesis: The Fundamental Machinery Able to Elucidate the Role of Xenobiotics and Hormesis in Cell Survival and Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010165. [PMID: 28098843 PMCID: PMC5297798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article the Proteasome, Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria (PERM) hypothesis is discussed. The complex machinery made by three homeostatic mechanisms involving the proteasome (P), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria (M) is addressed in order to elucidate the beneficial role of many xenobiotics, either trace metals or phytochemicals, which are spread in the human environment and in dietary habits, exerting their actions on the mechanisms underlying cell survival (apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, DNA repair and turnover, autophagy) and stress response. The "PERM hypothesis" suggests that xenobiotics can modulate this central signaling and the regulatory engine made fundamentally by the ER, mitochondria and proteasome, together with other ancillary components such as peroxisomes, by acting on the energetic balance, redox system and macromolecule turnover. In this context, reactive species and stressors are fundamentally signalling molecules that could act as negative-modulating signals if PERM-mediated control is offline, impaired or dysregulated, as occurs in metabolic syndrome, degenerative disorders, chronic inflammation and cancer. Calcium is an important oscillatory input of this regulation and, in this hypothesis, it might play a role in maintaining the correct rhythm of this PERM modulation, probably chaotic in its nature, and guiding cells to a more drastic decision, such as apoptosis. The commonest effort sustained by cells is to maintain their survival balance and the proterome has the fundamental task of supporting this mechanism. Mild stress is probably the main stimulus in this sense. Hormesis is therefore re-interpreted in the light of this hypothetical model and that experimental evidence arising from flavonoid and hormesis reasearch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy.
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana 8610, Norway.
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179
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Brown DA, Perry JB, Allen ME, Sabbah HN, Stauffer BL, Shaikh SR, Cleland JGF, Colucci WS, Butler J, Voors AA, Anker SD, Pitt B, Pieske B, Filippatos G, Greene SJ, Gheorghiade M. Expert consensus document: Mitochondrial function as a therapeutic target in heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2016; 14:238-250. [PMID: 28004807 PMCID: PMC5350035 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2016.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a pressing worldwide public-health problem with millions of patients having worsening heart failure. Despite all the available therapies, the condition carries a very poor prognosis. Existing therapies provide symptomatic and clinical benefit, but do not fully address molecular abnormalities that occur in cardiomyocytes. This shortcoming is particularly important given that most patients with heart failure have viable dysfunctional myocardium, in which an improvement or normalization of function might be possible. Although the pathophysiology of heart failure is complex, mitochondrial dysfunction seems to be an important target for therapy to improve cardiac function directly. Mitochondrial abnormalities include impaired mitochondrial electron transport chain activity, increased formation of reactive oxygen species, shifted metabolic substrate utilization, aberrant mitochondrial dynamics, and altered ion homeostasis. In this Consensus Statement, insights into the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure are presented, along with an overview of emerging treatments with the potential to improve the function of the failing heart by targeting mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 1035 Integrated Life Sciences Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - Justin B Perry
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 1035 Integrated Life Sciences Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - Mitchell E Allen
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 1035 Integrated Life Sciences Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - Hani N Sabbah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Brian L Stauffer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, 12700 East 19th Avenue, B139, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA
| | - John G F Cleland
- National Heart &Lung Institute, National Institute of Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton &Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Wilson S Colucci
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 88 East Newton Street, C-8, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Javed Butler
- Division of Cardiology, Health Sciences Center, T-16 Room 080, SUNY at Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, Netherlands
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre Göttingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Straße, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bertram Pitt
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow Klinikum, and German Heart Center Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kopodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Rimini 1, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Stephen J Greene
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road Suite 7400, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA
| | - Mihai Gheorghiade
- Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 201 East Huron, Galter 3-150, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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180
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Qu Q, Ma X, Zhao Y. Anticancer Effect of α-Tocopheryl Succinate Delivered by Mitochondria-Targeted Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:34261-34269. [PMID: 27998109 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria targeted mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) having an average diameter of 68 nm were fabricated and then loaded with hydrophobic anticancer agent α-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS). The property of targeting mitochondria was achieved by the surface functionalization of triphenylphosphonium (TPP) on MSNPs, since TPP is an effective mitochondria-targeting ligand. Intracellular uptake and mitochondria targeting of fabricated MSNPs were evaluated in HeLa and HepG2 cancerous cell lines as well as HEK293 normal cell line. In addition, various biological assays were conducted with the aim to investigate the effectiveness of α-TOS delivered by the functional MSNPs, including studies of cytotoxicity, mitochondria membrane potential, intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and apoptosis. On the basis of these experiments, high anticancer efficiency of α-TOS delivered by mitochondria targeted MSNPs was demonstrated, indicating a promising application potential of MSNP-based platform in mitochondria targeted delivery of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Qu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Xing Ma
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
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181
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Dutartre P. Inflammasomes and Natural Ingredients towards New Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111492. [PMID: 27834826 PMCID: PMC6273057 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are a family of proteins in charge of the initiation of inflammatory process during innate immune response. They are now considered major actors in many chronic inflammatory diseases. However, no major drug focusing on this target is currently on the market. Among the various approaches aiming to control this major metabolic pathway, compounds aiming to modify the intracellular antioxidant profile appear to be promising. This can be obtained by “light” antioxidants able to induce natural antioxidant response of the cell itself. This review will give an overview of the current available information on this promising pharmacology approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Dutartre
- Laboratory BioperoxIL, Faculty of Sciences SVTE, University of Bourgogne Franche Comté, 6 Bd Gabriel F-21000 Dijon, France.
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182
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Moos WH, Pinkert CA, Irwin MH, Faller DV, Kodukula K, Glavas IP, Steliou K. Epigenetic Treatment of Persistent Viral Infections. Drug Dev Res 2016; 78:24-36. [PMID: 27761936 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research Approximately 2,500 years ago, Hippocrates used the word herpes as a medical term to describe lesions that appeared to creep or crawl on the skin, advocating heat as a possible treatment. During the last 50 years, pharmaceutical research has made great strides, and therapeutic options have expanded to include small molecule antiviral agents, protease inhibitors, preventive vaccines for a handful of the papillomaviruses, and even cures for hepatitis C virus infections. However, effective treatments for persistent and recurrent viral infections, particularly the highly prevalent herpesviruses, continue to represent a significant unmet medical need, affecting the majority of the world's population. Exploring the population diversity of the human microbiome and the effects its compositional variances have on the immune system, health, and disease are the subjects of intense investigational research and study. Among the collection of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and single-cell eukaryotes that comprise the human microbiome, the virome has been grossly understudied relative to the influence it exerts on human pathophysiology, much as mitochondria have until recently failed to receive the attention they deserve, given their critical biomedical importance. Fortunately, cellular epigenetic machinery offers a wealth of druggable targets for therapeutic intervention in numerous disease indications, including those outlined above. With advances in synthetic biology, engineering our body's commensal microorganisms to seek out and destroy pathogenic species is clearly on the horizon. This is especially the case given recent breakthroughs in genetic manipulation with tools such as the CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated) gene-editing platforms. Tying these concepts together with our previous work on the microbiome and neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, we suggest that, because mammalian cells respond to a viral infection by triggering a cascade of antiviral innate immune responses governed substantially by the cell's mitochondria, small molecule carnitinoids represent a new class of therapeutics with potential widespread utility against many infectious insults. Drug Dev Res 78 : 24-36, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter H Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Carl A Pinkert
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
| | - Michael H Irwin
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Douglas V Faller
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Boston University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ioannis P Glavas
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Boston University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,PhenoMatriX, Boston, Massachusetts
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183
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Sex dependent alterations in mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins following neonatal rat cerebral hypoxic-ischemia. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2016; 48:591-598. [PMID: 27683241 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-016-9678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Males are more susceptible to brain mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction following neonatal cerebral hypoxic-ischemia (HI) than females. Mitochondrial biogenesis has been implicated in the cellular response to HI injury, but sex differences in biogenesis following HI have not been described. We tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial biogenesis or the expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) proteins are differentially stimulated in the brains of 8 day old male and female rats one day following HI, and promoted by treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR). There were no sex differences in mitochondrial mass, as reflected by the ratio of mitochondrial to nuclear DNA (mtDNA/nDNA) and citrate synthase enzyme activity present one day following HI or sham surgery. There was an increase in mtDNA/nDNA, however, in the hypoxic and ischemic (ipsilateral) hemisphere after HI in both male and female brains at one day post-injury, which was suppressed by ALCAR. Citrate synthase activity was increased in the ipsilateral hemisphere of ALCAR treated male and female brain. Most importantly, the levels of representative mitochondrial proteins present in ETC complexes I, II and IV increased substantially one day following HI in female, but not male brain. This sex difference is consistent with the increase in the mitochondrial biogenesis-associated transcription factor NRF-2/GABPα following HI in females, in contrast to the decrease observed with males. In conclusion, the female sex-selective increase in ETC proteins following HI may at least partially explain the relative female resilience to mitochondrial respiratory impairment and neuronal death that occur after HI.
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184
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Briggs CA, Chakroborty S, Stutzmann GE. Emerging pathways driving early synaptic pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 483:988-997. [PMID: 27659710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The current state of the AD research field is highly dynamic is some respects, while seemingly stagnant in others. Regarding the former, our current lack of understanding of initiating disease mechanisms, the absence of effective treatment options, and the looming escalation of AD patients is energizing new research directions including a much-needed re-focusing on early pathogenic mechanisms, validating novel targets, and investigating relevant biomarkers, among other exciting new efforts to curb disease progression and foremost, preserve memory function. With regard to the latter, the recent disappointing series of failed Phase III clinical trials targeting Aβ and APP processing, in concert with poor association between brain Aβ levels and cognitive function, have led many to call for a re-evaluation of the primacy of the amyloid cascade hypothesis. In this review, we integrate new insights into one of the earliest described signaling abnormalities in AD pathogenesis, namely intracellular Ca2+ signaling disruptions, and focus on its role in driving synaptic deficits - which is the feature that does correlate with AD-associated memory loss. Excess Ca2+release from intracellular stores such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been well-described in cellular and animal models of AD, as well as human patients, and here we expand upon recent developments in ER-localized release channels such as the IP3R and RyR, and the recent emphasis on RyR2. Consistent with ER Ca2+ mishandling in AD are recent findings implicating aspects of SOCE, such as STIM2 function, and TRPC3 and TRPC6 levels. Other Ca2+-regulated organelles important in signaling and protein handling are brought into the discussion, with new perspectives on lysosomal regulation. These early signaling abnormalities are discussed in the context of synaptic pathophysiology and disruptions in synaptic plasticity with a particular emphasis on short-term plasticity deficits. Overall, we aim to update and expand the list of early neuronal signaling abnormalities implicated in AD pathogenesis, identify specific channels and organelles involved, and link these to proximal synaptic impairments driving the memory loss in AD. This is all within the broader goal of identifying novel therapeutic targets to preserve cognitive function in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark A Briggs
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Shreaya Chakroborty
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Grace E Stutzmann
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
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185
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Kim DI, Lee KH, Gabr AA, Choi GE, Kim JS, Ko SH, Han HJ. Aβ-Induced Drp1 phosphorylation through Akt activation promotes excessive mitochondrial fission leading to neuronal apoptosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2820-2834. [PMID: 27599716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is known as one of causative factors in Alzheimer's disease (AD), inducing neuronal cell death. Mitochondria regulate their functions through changing their morphology. The present work was undertaken to investigate whether Amyloid β (Aβ) affects mitochondrial morphology in neuronal cells to induce apoptosis. Aβ treatment induced not only the fragmentation of mitochondria but also neuronal apoptosis in association with an increase in caspase-9 and -3 activity. Calcium influx induced by Aβ up-regulated the activation of Akt through CaMKII resulting in changes to the phosphorylation level of Drp1 in a time-dependent manner. Translocation of Drp1 from the cytosol to mitochondria was blocked by CB-124005 (an Akt inhibitor). Recruitment of Drp1 to mitochondria led to ROS generation and mitochondrial fission, accompanied by dysfunction of mitochondria such as loss of membrane potential and ATP production. ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction by Aβ were attenuated when treated with Mdivi-1, a selective Drp1 inhibitor. Furthermore, the sustained Akt activation induced not only the fragmentation of mitochondria but also the activation of mTOR, eventually suppressing autophagy. Inhibition of autophagic clearance of Aβ led to increased ROS levels and aggravating mitochondrial defects, which were blocked by Rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor). In conclusion, sustained phosphorylation of Akt by Aβ directly activates Drp1 and inhibits autophagy through the mTOR pathway. Together, these changes elicit abundant mitochondrial fragmentation resulting in ROS-mediated neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah Ihm Kim
- BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ki Hoon Lee
- BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Amr Ahmed Gabr
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Gee Euhn Choi
- BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - So Hee Ko
- BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ho Jae Han
- BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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186
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Dong Y, Undyala VVR, Przyklenk K. Inhibition of mitochondrial fission as a molecular target for cardioprotection: critical importance of the timing of treatment. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:59. [PMID: 27573530 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent attention has focused on the concept that mitochondrial dynamics-that is, the balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission (fragmentation)-may play a pivotal role in determining cell fate in the setting of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this regard, there is an emerging consensus that: (1) ischemia-reperfusion favors mitochondrial fragmentation and (2) strategies aimed at inhibiting the translocation of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1: the 'master regulator' of fission) from the cytosol to the mitochondria, when initiated as a pretreatment, are cardioprotective. However, direct molecular evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship between mitochondrial fission and cardiomyocyte death has not been established. To address this issue, we used a well-characterized in vitro, immortal cultured cardiomyocyte model to establish whether subcellular redistribution of DRP1 to mitochondria: (1) is triggered by hypoxia-reoxygenation; (2) plays a causal role in hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced cytochrome c release (harbinger of apoptosis) and cardiomyocyte death; and (3) represents a molecular mechanism that can be targeted in a clinically relevant time frame to render cells resistant to lethal hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. Our results provide direct evidence that the redistribution of DRP1 to mitochondria contributes to cardiomyocyte death, and corroborate the previous observations that the pre-ischemic inhibition of DRP1 translocation is cardioprotective. Moreover, we report the novel finding that-in marked contrast to the data obtained with pretreatment-inhibition of DRP1 translocation initiated at the time of reoxygenation had complex, unexpected and unfavorable consequences: i.e., attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis but exacerbated total cell death, possibly via concurrent upregulation of necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Vishnu V R Undyala
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Karin Przyklenk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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187
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Mitochondria in the Aging Muscles of Flies and Mice: New Perspectives for Old Characters. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9057593. [PMID: 27630760 PMCID: PMC5007348 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9057593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass accompanied by a decrease in muscle strength and resistance and is the main cause of disability among the elderly. Muscle loss begins long before there is any clear physical impact in the senior adult. Despite all this, the molecular mechanisms underlying muscle aging are far from being understood. Recent studies have identified that not only mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction but also mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial calcium uptake could be involved in the degeneration of skeletal muscle mass. Mitochondrial homeostasis influences muscle quality which, in turn, could play a triggering role in signaling of systemic aging. Thus, it has become apparent that mitochondrial status in muscle cells could be a driver of whole body physiology and organismal aging. In the present review, we discuss the existing evidence for the mitochondria related mechanisms underlying the appearance of muscle aging and sarcopenia in flies and mice.
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188
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Hernández-Aguilera A, Fernández-Arroyo S, Cuyàs E, Luciano-Mateo F, Cabre N, Camps J, Lopez-Miranda J, Menendez JA, Joven J. Epigenetics and nutrition-related epidemics of metabolic diseases: Current perspectives and challenges. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 96:191-204. [PMID: 27503834 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We live in a world fascinated by the relationship between disease and nutritional disequilibrium. The subtle and slow effects of chronic nutrient toxicity are a major public health concern. Since food is potentially important for the development of "metabolic memory", there is a need for more information on the type of nutrients causing adverse or toxic effects. We now know that metabolic alterations produced by excessive intake of some nutrients, drugs and chemicals directly impact epigenetic regulation. We envision that understanding how metabolic pathways are coordinated by environmental and genetic factors will provide novel insights for the treatment of metabolic diseases. New methods will enable the assembly and analysis of large sets of complex molecular and clinical data for understanding how inflammation and mitochondria affect bioenergetics, epigenetics and health. Collectively, the observations we highlight indicate that energy utilization and disease are intimately connected by epigenetics. The challenge is to incorporate metabolo-epigenetic data in better interpretations of disease, to expedite therapeutic targeting of key pathways linking nutritional toxicity and metabolism. An additional concern is that changes in the parental phenotype are detectable in the methylome of subsequent offspring. The effect might create a menace to future generations and preconceptional considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Fedra Luciano-Mateo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Noemi Cabre
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; The Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Tarragona, Spain.
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189
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Abstract
A decline in mitochondrial quality and activity has been associated with normal aging and correlated with the development of a wide range of age-related diseases. Here, we review the evidence that a decline in mitochondria function contributes to aging. In particular, we discuss how mitochondria contribute to specific aspects of the aging process, including cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, and the age-dependent decline in stem cell activity. Signaling pathways regulating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and mitophagy are also reviewed, with particular emphasis placed on how these pathways might, in turn, regulate longevity. Taken together, these observations suggest that mitochondria influence or regulate a number of key aspects of aging and suggest that strategies directed at improving mitochondrial quality and function might have far-reaching beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard J Youle
- Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Toren Finkel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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190
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Chico L, Orsucci D, Lo Gerfo A, Marconi L, Mancuso M, Siciliano G. Biomarkers and progress of antioxidant therapy for rare mitochondrial disorders. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2016.1178570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Chico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Orsucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lo Gerfo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Letizia Marconi
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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191
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Malmgren Hill S, Nyström T. Selective protein degradation ensures cellular longevity. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27247277 PMCID: PMC4889324 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A previously unknown pathway can selectively degrade mitochondrial proteins in aged and stressed cells without destroying the organelle itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Malmgren Hill
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Nyström
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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192
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Irwin MH, Moos WH, Faller DV, Steliou K, Pinkert CA. Epigenetic Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases. Drug Dev Res 2016; 77:109-23. [PMID: 26899010 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research In this review, we discuss epigenetic-driven methods for treating neurodegenerative disorders associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, focusing on carnitinoid antioxidant-histone deacetylase inhibitors that show an ability to reinvigorate synaptic plasticity and protect against neuromotor decline in vivo. Aging remains a major risk factor in patients who progress to dementia, a clinical syndrome typified by decreased mental capacity, including impairments in memory, language skills, and executive function. Energy metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction are viewed as determinants in the aging process that may afford therapeutic targets for a host of disease conditions, the brain being primary in such thinking. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a core feature in the pathophysiology of both Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases and rare mitochondrial diseases. The potential of new therapies in this area extends to glaucoma and other ophthalmic disorders, migraine, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, post-traumatic stress disorder, systemic exertion intolerance disease, and chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment. An emerging and hopefully more promising approach to addressing these hard-to-treat diseases leverages their sensitivity to activation of master regulators of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes, antioxidant response elements, and mitophagy. Drug Dev Res 77 : 109-123, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Irwin
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Walter H Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,SRI Biosciences, A Division of SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Douglas V Faller
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,PhenoMatriX, Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carl A Pinkert
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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193
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Kandimalla R, Reddy PH. Multiple faces of dynamin-related protein 1 and its role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:814-828. [PMID: 26708942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a large role in neuronal function by constantly providing energy, particularly at synapses. Recent studies suggest that amyloid beta (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau interact with the mitochondrial fission protein, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), causing excessive fragmentation of mitochondria and leading to abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and synaptic degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) neurons. Recent research also revealed Aβ-induced and phosphorylated tau-induced changes in mitochondria, particularly affecting mitochondrial shape, size, distribution and axonal transport in AD neurons. These changes affect mitochondrial health and, in turn, could affect synaptic function and neuronal damage and ultimately leading to memory loss and cognitive impairment in patients with AD. This article highlights recent findings in the role of Drp1 in AD pathogenesis. This article also highlights Drp1 and its relationships to glycogen synthase kinase 3, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, p53, and microRNAs in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kandimalla
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 6630 S. Quaker Ste. E, MS 7495, Lubbock, TX 79413, United States.
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