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Brandi N, Renzulli M. The Synergistic Effect of Interventional Locoregional Treatments and Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108598. [PMID: 37239941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has remarkably revolutionized the management of advanced HCC and prompted clinical trials, with therapeutic agents being used to selectively target immune cells rather than cancer cells. Currently, there is great interest in the possibility of combining locoregional treatments with immunotherapy for HCC, as this combination is emerging as an effective and synergistic tool for enhancing immunity. On the one hand, immunotherapy could amplify and prolong the antitumoral immune response of locoregional treatments, improving patients' outcomes and reducing recurrence rates. On the other hand, locoregional therapies have been shown to positively alter the tumor immune microenvironment and could therefore enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. Despite the encouraging results, many unanswered questions still remain, including which immunotherapy and locoregional treatment can guarantee the best survival and clinical outcomes; the most effective timing and sequence to obtain the most effective therapeutic response; and which biological and/or genetic biomarkers can be used to identify patients likely to benefit from this combined approach. Based on the current reported evidence and ongoing trials, the present review summarizes the current application of immunotherapy in combination with locoregional therapies for the treatment of HCC, and provides a critical evaluation of the current status and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Brandi
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Renzulli
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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152
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Hao Y, Miraghazadeh B, Chand R, Davies AR, Cardinez C, Kwong K, Downes MB, Sweet RA, Cañete PF, D'Orsogna LJ, Fulcher DA, Choo S, Yip D, Peters G, Yip S, Witney MJ, Nekrasov M, Feng ZP, Tscharke DC, Vinuesa CG, Cook MC. CTLA4 protects against maladaptive cytotoxicity during the differentiation of effector and follicular CD4 + T cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2023:10.1038/s41423-023-01027-8. [PMID: 37161048 PMCID: PMC10166697 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As chronic antigenic stimulation from infection and autoimmunity is a feature of primary antibody deficiency (PAD), analysis of affected patients could yield insights into T-cell differentiation and explain how environmental exposures modify clinical phenotypes conferred by single-gene defects. CD57 marks dysfunctional T cells that have differentiated after antigenic stimulation. Indeed, while circulating CD57+ CD4+ T cells are normally rare, we found that they are increased in patients with PAD and markedly increased with CTLA4 haploinsufficiency or blockade. We performed single-cell RNA-seq analysis of matched CD57+ CD4+ T cells from blood and tonsil samples. Circulating CD57+ CD4+ T cells (CD4cyt) exhibited a cytotoxic transcriptome similar to that of CD8+ effector cells, could kill B cells, and inhibited B-cell responses. CTLA4 restrained the formation of CD4cyt. While CD57 also marked an abundant subset of follicular helper T cells, which is consistent with their antigen-driven differentiation, this subset had a pre-exhaustion transcriptomic signature marked by TCF7, TOX, and ID3 expression and constitutive expression of CTLA4 and did not become cytotoxic even after CTLA4 inhibition. Thus, CD57+ CD4+ T-cell cytotoxicity and exhaustion phenotypes are compartmentalised between blood and germinal centers. CTLA4 is a key modifier of CD4+ T-cell cytotoxicity, and the pathological CD4cyt phenotype is accentuated by infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Hao
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Bahar Miraghazadeh
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Rochna Chand
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ainsley R Davies
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Chelisa Cardinez
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kristy Kwong
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Morgan B Downes
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Rebecca A Sweet
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Pablo F Cañete
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lloyd J D'Orsogna
- Department of Immunology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David A Fulcher
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sharon Choo
- Department of Immunology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Desmond Yip
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sonia Yip
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Unit, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew J Witney
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Maxim Nekrasov
- The ACRF Biomolecular Resource Facility, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Zhi-Ping Feng
- ANU Bioinformatics Consultancy, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - David C Tscharke
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Carola G Vinuesa
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Matthew C Cook
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
- ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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153
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Gerbaux M, Roos E, Willemsen M, Staels F, Neumann J, Bücken L, Haughton J, Yshii L, Dooley J, Schlenner S, Humblet-Baron S, Liston A. CTLA4-Ig Effectively Controls Clinical Deterioration and Immune Condition in a Murine Model of Foxp3 Deficiency. J Clin Immunol 2023:10.1007/s10875-023-01462-2. [PMID: 37156988 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE FOXP3 deficiency results in severe multisystem autoimmunity in both mice and humans, driven by the absence of functional regulatory T cells. Patients typically present with early and severe autoimmune polyendocrinopathy, dermatitis, and severe inflammation of the gut, leading to villous atrophy and ultimately malabsorption, wasting, and failure to thrive. In the absence of successful treatment, FOXP3-deficient patients usually die within the first 2 years of life. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation provides a curative option but first requires adequate control over the inflammatory condition. Due to the rarity of the condition, no clinical trials have been conducted, with widely unstandardized therapeutic approaches. We sought to compare the efficacy of lead therapeutic candidates rapamycin, anti-CD4 antibody, and CTLA4-Ig in controlling the physiological and immunological manifestations of Foxp3 deficiency in mice. METHOD We generated Foxp3-deficient mice and an appropriate clinical scoring system to enable direct comparison of lead therapeutic candidates rapamycin, nondepleting anti-CD4 antibody, and CTLA4-Ig. RESULTS We found distinct immunosuppressive profiles induced by each treatment, leading to unique protective combinations over distinct clinical manifestations. CTLA4-Ig provided superior breadth of protective outcomes, including highly efficient protection during the transplantation process. CONCLUSION These results highlight the mechanistic diversity of pathogenic pathways initiated by regulatory T cell loss and suggest CTLA4-Ig as a potentially superior therapeutic option for FOXP3-deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Gerbaux
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Roos
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Mathijs Willemsen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Frederik Staels
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Julika Neumann
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Leoni Bücken
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeason Haughton
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - James Dooley
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Susan Schlenner
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Humblet-Baron
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Adrian Liston
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000, Louvain, Belgium.
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
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154
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Charles J, Vrionis A, Mansur A, Mathias T, Shaikh J, Ciner A, Jiang Y, Nezami N. Potential Immunotherapy Targets for Liver-Directed Therapies, and the Current Scope of Immunotherapeutics for Liver-Related Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092624. [PMID: 37174089 PMCID: PMC10177356 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, is increasing in incidence and mortality across the globe. An improved understanding of the complex tumor microenvironment has opened many therapeutic doors and led to the development of novel pharmaceuticals targeting cellular signaling pathways or immune checkpoints. These interventions have significantly improved tumor control rates and patient outcomes, both in clinical trials and in real-world practice. Interventional radiologists play an important role in the multidisciplinary team given their expertise in minimally invasive locoregional therapy, as the bulk of these tumors are usually in the liver. The aim of this review is to highlight the immunological therapeutic targets for primary liver cancers, the available immune-based approaches, and the contributions that interventional radiology can provide in the care of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Charles
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Drive, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Andrea Vrionis
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Drive, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Arian Mansur
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Trevor Mathias
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jamil Shaikh
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Drive, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Department of Radiology, Tampa General Hospital, University of South Florida Health, Tampa General Cir, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
| | - Aaron Ciner
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yixing Jiang
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nariman Nezami
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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155
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Schriek P, Villadangos JA. Trogocytosis and cross-dressing in antigen presentation. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 83:102331. [PMID: 37148582 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Antigen (Ag)-presenting cells capture or synthesize Ags that are processed into peptides bound and displayed on the plasma membrane by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Here, we review a mechanism that enables cells to present Ag-loaded MHC molecules that they have not produced themselves, namely trogocytosis. During trogocytosis, a cell acquires fragments from another living cell without, in most cases, affecting the viability of the donor cell. The trogocytic cell can incorporate into its own plasma membrane (becoming cross-dressed) proteins acquired from the donor cell, including intact Ag and MHC molecules. Trogocytosis and cross-dressing expand the immunological functions that immune and nonimmune cells are able to carry out, with both beneficial and deleterious consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Schriek
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jose A Villadangos
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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156
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Guo Z, Zhu AT, Fang RH, Zhang L. Recent Developments in Nanoparticle-Based Photo-Immunotherapy for Cancer Treatment. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300252. [PMID: 36960932 PMCID: PMC10192221 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapy is an emerging approach for cancer treatment that is effective at controlling the growth of primary tumors. In the presence of light irradiation, photothermal and photodynamic agents that are delivered to tumor sites can induce local hyperthermia and the production of reactive oxygen species, respectively, that directly eradicate cancer cells. Nanoparticles, characterized by their small size and tunable physiochemical properties, have been widely utilized as carriers for phototherapeutic agents to improve their biocompatibility and tumor-targeted delivery. Nanocarriers can also be used to implement various codelivery strategies for further enhancing phototherapeutic efficiency. More recently, there has been considerable interest in augmenting the immunological effects of nanoparticle-based phototherapies, which can yield durable and systemic antitumor responses. This review provides an overview of recent developments in using nanoparticle technology to achieve photo-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Guo
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Audrey T Zhu
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ronnie H Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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157
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Wu Y, Li Y, Zhao J, Wu Y, Lu D, Jia J, Chen T, He M, Lin J, Yang Q. IBV QX affects the antigen presentation function of BMDCs through nonstructural protein16. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102620. [PMID: 36972672 PMCID: PMC9981267 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gamma-coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has a high mutation rate and mainly invades the respiratory mucosa, making it difficult to prevent and causing great economic losses. Nonstructural protein 16 (NSP16) of IBV QX also not only plays an indispensable role in virus invading but also might hugely influence the antigen's recognition and presentation ability of host BMDCs. Hence, our study tries to illustrate the underline mechanism of how NSP16 influences the immune function of BMDCs. Initially, we found that NSP16 of the QX strain significantly inhibited the antigen presentation ability and immune response of mouse BMDCs, which was stimulated by Poly (I:C) or AIV RNA. Besides mouse BMDCs, we also found that NSP16 of the QX strain also significantly stimulated the chicken BMDCs to activate the interferon signaling pathway. Furthermore, we preliminarily demonstrated that IBV QX NSP16 inhibits the antiviral system by affecting the antigen-presenting function of BMDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaotang Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
| | - Yuchen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Jinhao Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Yang Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Danqing Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Junpeng Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Tianxin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Mingzhe He
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Jian Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
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158
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Wang M, Thomson AW, Yu F, Hazra R, Junagade A, Hu X. Regulatory T lymphocytes as a therapy for ischemic stroke. Semin Immunopathol 2023; 45:329-346. [PMID: 36469056 PMCID: PMC10239790 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00975-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Unrestrained excessive inflammatory responses exacerbate ischemic brain injury and impede post-stroke brain recovery. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells play important immunosuppressive roles to curtail inflammatory responses and regain immune homeostasis after stroke. Accumulating evidence confirms that Treg cells are neuroprotective at the acute stage after stroke and promote brain repair at the chronic phases. The beneficial effects of Treg cells are mediated by diverse mechanisms involving cell-cell interactions and soluble factor release. Multiple types of cells, including both immune cells and non-immune CNS cells, have been identified to be cellular targets of Treg cells. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the function of Treg cells in ischemic stroke and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. The protective and reparative properties of Treg cells endorse them as good candidates for immune therapy. Strategies that boost the numbers and functions of Treg cells have been actively developing in the fields of transplantation and autoimmune diseases. We discuss the approaches for Treg cell expansion that have been tested in stroke models. The application of these approaches to stroke patients may bring new hope for stroke treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, SBST, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Angus W Thomson
- Department of Surgery and Department of Immunology, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, SBST, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Rimi Hazra
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Aditi Junagade
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, SBST, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, SBST, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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159
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Braun T, Schrader A. Education and Empowering Special Forces to Eradicate Secret Defectors: Immune System-Based Treatment Approaches for Mature T- and NK-Cell Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092532. [PMID: 37173999 PMCID: PMC10177197 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature T- and NK-cell leukemia/lymphoma (MTCL/L) constitute a heterogeneous group of, currently, 30 distinct neoplastic entities that are overall rare, and all present with a challenging molecular markup. Thus, so far, the use of first-line cancer treatment modalities, including chemotherapies, achieve only limited clinical responses associated with discouraging prognoses. Recently, cancer immunotherapy has evolved rapidly, allowing us to help patients with, e.g., solid tumors and also relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies to achieve durable clinical responses. In this review, we systematically unveiled the distinct immunotherapeutic approaches available, emphasizing the special impediments faced when trying to employ immune system defense mechanisms to target 'one of their own-gone mad'. We summarized the preclinical and clinical efforts made to employ the various platforms of cancer immunotherapies including antibody-drug conjugates, monoclonal as well as bispecific antibodies, immune-checkpoint blockades, and CAR T cell therapies. We emphasized the challenges to, but also the goals of, what needs to be done to achieve similar successes as seen for B-cell entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Braun
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schrader
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Lymphoma Immuno Biology Team, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2023, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111-CNRS UMR5308, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I-ENS de Lyon, 69921 Lyon, France
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160
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Zhang C, Zhang C, Wang H. Immune-checkpoint inhibitor resistance in cancer treatment: Current progress and future directions. Cancer Lett 2023; 562:216182. [PMID: 37076040 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment has been advanced with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) exemplified by anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) drugs. Patients have reaped substantial benefit from ICIs in many cancer types. However, few patients benefit from ICIs whereas the vast majority undergoing these treatments do not obtain survival benefit. Even for patients with initial responses, they may encounter drug resistance in their subsequent treatments, which limits the efficacy of ICIs. Therefore, a deepening understanding of drug resistance is critically important for the explorations of approaches to reverse drug resistance and to boost ICI efficacy. In the present review, different mechanisms of ICI resistance have been summarized according to the tumor intrinsic, tumor microenvironment (TME) and host classifications. We further elaborated corresponding strategies to battle against such resistance accordingly, which include targeting defects in antigen presentation, dysregulated interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signaling, neoantigen depletion, upregulation of other T cell checkpoints as well as immunosuppression and exclusion mediated by TME. Moreover, regarding the host, several additional approaches that interfere with diet and gut microbiome have also been described in reversing ICI resistance. Additionally, we provide an overall glimpse into the ongoing clinical trials that utilize these mechanisms to overcome ICI resistance. Finally, we summarize the challenges and opportunities that needs to be addressed in the investigation of ICI resistance mechanisms, with the aim to benefit more patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Zhang
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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161
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Műzes G, Sipos F. Autoimmunity and Carcinogenesis: Their Relationship under the Umbrella of Autophagy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041130. [PMID: 37189748 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system and autophagy share a functional relationship. Both innate and adaptive immune responses involve autophagy and, depending on the disease’s origin and pathophysiology, it may have a detrimental or positive role on autoimmune disorders. As a “double-edged sword” in tumors, autophagy can either facilitate or impede tumor growth. The autophagy regulatory network that influences tumor progression and treatment resistance is dependent on cell and tissue types and tumor stages. The connection between autoimmunity and carcinogenesis has not been sufficiently explored in past studies. As a crucial mechanism between the two phenomena, autophagy may play a substantial role, though the specifics remain unclear. Several autophagy modifiers have demonstrated beneficial effects in models of autoimmune disease, emphasizing their therapeutic potential as treatments for autoimmune disorders. The function of autophagy in the tumor microenvironment and immune cells is the subject of intensive study. The objective of this review is to investigate the role of autophagy in the simultaneous genesis of autoimmunity and malignancy, shedding light on both sides of the issue. We believe our work will assist in the organization of current understanding in the field and promote additional research on this urgent and crucial topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Györgyi Műzes
- Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Sipos
- Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
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Wayman JA, Thomas A, Bejjani A, Katko A, Almanan M, Godarova A, Korinfskaya S, Cazares TA, Yukawa M, Kottyan LC, Barski A, Chougnet CA, Hildeman DA, Miraldi ER. An atlas of gene regulatory networks for memory CD4 + T cells in youth and old age. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.07.531590. [PMID: 36945549 PMCID: PMC10028906 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.531590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Aging profoundly affects immune-system function, promoting susceptibility to pathogens, cancers and chronic inflammation. We previously identified a population of IL-10-producing, T follicular helper-like cells (" Tfh10 "), linked to suppressed vaccine responses in aged mice. Here, we integrate single-cell ( sc )RNA-seq, scATAC-seq and genome-scale modeling to characterize Tfh10 - and the full CD4 + memory T cell ( CD4 + TM ) compartment - in young and old mice. We identified 13 CD4 + TM populations, which we validated through cross-comparison to prior scRNA-seq studies. We built gene regulatory networks ( GRNs ) that predict transcription-factor control of gene expression in each T-cell population and how these circuits change with age. Through integration with pan-cell aging atlases, we identified intercellular-signaling networks driving age-dependent changes in CD4 + TM. Our atlas of finely resolved CD4 + TM subsets, GRNs and cell-cell communication networks is a comprehensive resource of predicted regulatory mechanisms operative in memory T cells, presenting new opportunities to improve immune responses in the elderly.
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163
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Nikoo M, Rabiee F, Mohebbi H, Eghbalifard N, Rajabi H, Yazdani Y, Sakhaei D, Khosravifarsani M, Akhavan-Sigari R. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination therapy in cancer: Current evidence to date. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109881. [PMID: 37012882 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy, yielding significant antitumor responses across multiple cancer types. Combination ICI therapy with anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies outperforms either antibody alone in terms of clinical efficacy. As a consequence, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) plus nivolumab (anti-PD-1) as the first-ever approved therapies for combined ICI in patients with metastatic melanoma. Despite the success of ICIs, treatment with checkpoint inhibitor combinations poses significant clinical challenges, such as increased rates of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and drug resistance. Thus, identifying optimal prognostic biomarkers could help to monitor the safety and efficacy of ICIs and identify patients who may benefit the most from these treatments. In this review, we will first go over the fundamentals of the CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways, as well as the mechanisms of ICI resistance. The results of clinical findings that evaluated the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab are then summarized to support future research in the field of combination therapy. Finally, the irAEs associated with combined ICI therapy, as well as the underlying biomarkers involved in their management, are discussed.
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164
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Awad RM, Breckpot K. Novel technologies for applying immune checkpoint blockers. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 382:1-101. [PMID: 38225100 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells develop several ways to subdue the immune system among others via upregulation of inhibitory immune checkpoint (ICP) proteins. These ICPs paralyze immune effector cells and thereby enable unfettered tumor growth. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that block ICPs can prevent immune exhaustion. Due to their outstanding effects, mAbs revolutionized the field of cancer immunotherapy. However, current ICP therapy regimens suffer from issues related to systemic administration of mAbs, including the onset of immune related adverse events, poor pharmacokinetics, limited tumor accessibility and immunogenicity. These drawbacks and new insights on spatiality prompted the exploration of novel administration routes for mAbs for instance peritumoral delivery. Moreover, novel ICP drug classes that are adept to novel delivery technologies were developed to circumvent the drawbacks of mAbs. We therefore review the state-of-the-art and novel delivery strategies of ICP drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Maximilian Awad
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Klaus T, Wilson A, Fichter M, Bros M, Bopp T, Grabbe S. The Role of LFA-1 for the Differentiation and Function of Regulatory T Cells—Lessons Learned from Different Transgenic Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076331. [PMID: 37047302 PMCID: PMC10094578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are essential for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Treg dysfunction results in diverse inflammatory and autoimmune diseases with life-threatening consequences. β2-integrins (CD11a-d/CD18) play important roles in the migration of leukocytes into inflamed tissues and cell signaling. Of all β2-integrins, T cells, including Treg, only express CD11a/CD18, termed lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1), on their surface. In humans, loss-of-function mutations in the common subunit CD18 result in leukocyte adhesion deficiency type-1 (LAD-1). Clinical symptoms vary depending on the extent of residual β2-integrin function, and patients may experience leukocytosis and recurrent infections. Some patients can develop autoimmune diseases, but the immune processes underlying the paradoxical situation of immune deficiency and autoimmunity have been scarcely investigated. To understand this complex phenotype, different transgenic mouse strains with a constitutive knockout of β2-integrins have been established. However, since a constitutive knockout affects all leukocytes and may limit the validity of studies focusing on their cell type-specific role, we established a Treg-specific CD18-floxed mouse strain. This mini-review aims to delineate the role of LFA-1 for the induction, maintenance, and regulatory function of Treg in vitro and in vivo as deduced from observations using the various β2-integrin-deficient mouse models.
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166
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Vandewalle J, Desouter AK, Van der Auwera BJ, Tenoutasse S, Gillard P, De Block C, Keymeulen B, Gorus FK, Van de Casteele M. CTLA4, SH2B3, and CLEC16A diversely affect the progression of early islet autoimmunity in relatives of Type 1 diabetes patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 211:224-232. [PMID: 36622793 PMCID: PMC10038324 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The HLA region is the major genetic risk determinant of Type 1 diabetes. How non-HLA loci contribute to the genetic risk is incompletely understood, but there are indications that at least some impact progression of asymptomatic autoimmunity. We examined whether SNPs in 7 susceptibility loci (INS, SH2B3, PTPN2, PTPN22, CTLA4, CLEC16A, and IL2RA) could improve prediction of the progression from single to multiple autoantibody positivity, and from there on to diagnosis. SNPs were genotyped in persistently autoantibody positive relatives by allelic discrimination qPCR and disease progression was studied by multivariate Cox regression analysis. In our cohort, only the CTLA4 GA genotype (rs3087243, P = 0.002) and the CLEC16A AA genotype (rs12708716, P = 0.021) were associated with accelerated progression from single to multiple autoantibody positivity, but their effects were restricted to presence of HLA-DQ2/DQ8, and IAA as first autoantibody, respectively. The interaction of CTLA4 and HLA-DQ2/DQ8 overruled the effect of DQ2/DQ8 alone. The HLA-DQ2/DQ8-mediated risk of progression to multiple autoantibodies nearly entirely depended on heterozygosity for CTLA4. The SH2B3 TT genotype (rs3184504) was protective for HLA-DQ8 positive subjects (P = 0.003). At the stage of multiple autoantibodies, only the CTLA4 GA genotype was a minor independent risk factor for progression towards clinical diabetes (P = 0.034). Our study shows that non-HLA polymorphisms impact progression of islet autoimmunity in a subgroup-, stage- and SNP-specific way, suggesting distinct mechanisms. If confirmed, these findings may help refine risk assessment, follow-up, and prevention trials in risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Vandewalle
- Department of Diabetes Pathology and Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aster K Desouter
- Department of Diabetes Pathology and Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart J Van der Auwera
- Department of Diabetes Pathology and Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Tenoutasse
- Department of Diabetology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, HUDERF, Université Libre De Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter Gillard
- Department of Diabetes Pathology and Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe De Block
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Bart Keymeulen
- Department of Diabetes Pathology and Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frans K Gorus
- Department of Diabetes Pathology and Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mark Van de Casteele
- Department of Diabetes Pathology and Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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Dhawan M, Rabaan AA, Alwarthan S, Alhajri M, Halwani MA, Alshengeti A, Najim MA, Alwashmi ASS, Alshehri AA, Alshamrani SA, AlShehail BM, Garout M, Al-Abdulhadi S, Al-Ahmed SH, Thakur N, Verma G. Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) and COVID-19: Unveiling the Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potentialities with a Special Focus on Long COVID. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030699. [PMID: 36992283 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused havoc all around the world. The causative agent of COVID-19 is the novel form of the coronavirus (CoV) named SARS-CoV-2, which results in immune system disruption, increased inflammation, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). T cells have been important components of the immune system, which decide the fate of the COVID-19 disease. Recent studies have reported an important subset of T cells known as regulatory T cells (Tregs), which possess immunosuppressive and immunoregulatory properties and play a crucial role in the prognosis of COVID-19 disease. Recent studies have shown that COVID-19 patients have considerably fewer Tregs than the general population. Such a decrement may have an impact on COVID-19 patients in a number of ways, including diminishing the effect of inflammatory inhibition, creating an inequality in the Treg/Th17 percentage, and raising the chance of respiratory failure. Having fewer Tregs may enhance the likelihood of long COVID development in addition to contributing to the disease's poor prognosis. Additionally, tissue-resident Tregs provide tissue repair in addition to immunosuppressive and immunoregulatory activities, which may aid in the recovery of COVID-19 patients. The severity of the illness is also linked to abnormalities in the Tregs' phenotype, such as reduced expression of FoxP3 and other immunosuppressive cytokines, including IL-10 and TGF-beta. Hence, in this review, we summarize the immunosuppressive mechanisms and their possible roles in the prognosis of COVID-19 disease. Furthermore, the perturbations in Tregs have been associated with disease severity. The roles of Tregs are also explained in the long COVID. This review also discusses the potential therapeutic roles of Tregs in the management of patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
- Trafford College, Altrincham, Manchester WA14 5PQ, UK
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Sara Alwarthan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael Alhajri
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad A Halwani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Baha 4781, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Alshengeti
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Prince Mohammad Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, National Guard Health Affairs, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa A Najim
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 41411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameen S S Alwashmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Alshamrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayer M AlShehail
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Abdulhadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Dr. Saleh Office for Medical Genetic and Genetic Counseling Services, The House of Expertise, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Dammam 32411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamsah H Al-Ahmed
- Specialty Paediatric Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif 32654, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nanamika Thakur
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Geetika Verma
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
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168
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Zink A, Zenke S, Wiese T, Beyersdorf N, Lämmermann T, Rohr JC. Analyzing trogocytosis of T lymphocytes by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102013. [PMID: 36638014 PMCID: PMC9852653 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.102013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a protocol to examine the mechanisms underlying the intercellular transfer of transmembrane molecules, termed trogocytosis, and the fate of transferred molecules. We describe the steps needed from T lymphocyte isolation, via co-culture with cells expressing the ligand of interest, to cell harvest and subsequent staining for flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Furthermore, we showcase critical parameters and pitfalls, which allow easy adaptation of the protocol to investigate trogocytosis of various cell surface receptors in different cell types. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zink and Rohr.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Zink
- Institute of Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Simon Zenke
- Institute of Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Teresa Wiese
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Lämmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan C Rohr
- Institute of Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
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169
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Gu Q, Tung KS, Lorenz UM. Treg-specific deletion of the phosphatase SHP-1 impairs control of inflammation in vivo. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139326. [PMID: 37006301 PMCID: PMC10060847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To achieve a healthy and functional immune system, a delicate balance exists between the activation of conventional T cells (Tcon cells) and the suppression by regulatory T cells (Treg). The tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, a negative regulator of TCR signaling, shapes this 'activation-suppression' balance by modulating Tcon cell resistance to Treg-mediated suppression. Treg cells also express SHP-1, but its role in influencing Treg function is still not fully understood. Methods We generated a Treg-specific SHP-1 deletion model, Foxp3Cre+ Shp-1f/f , to address how SHP-1 affects Treg function and thereby contributes to T cell homeostasis using a combination of ex vivo studies and in vivo models of inflammation and autoimmunity. Results We show that SHP-1 modulates Treg suppressive function at different levels. First, at the intracellular signaling level in Treg cells, SHP-1 attenuates TCR-dependent Akt phosphorylation, with loss of SHP-1 driving Treg cells towards a glycolysis pathway. At the functional level, SHP-1 expression limits the in vivo accumulation of CD44hiCD62Llo T cells within the steady state Tcon populations (both CD8+ as well as CD4+ Tcon). Further, SHP-1-deficient Treg cells are less efficient in suppressing inflammation in vivo; mechanistically, this appears to be due to a failure to survive or a defect in migration of SHP-1-deficient Treg cells to peripheral inflammation sites. Conclusion Our data identify SHP-1 as an important intracellular mediator for fine-tuning the balance between Treg-mediated suppression and Tcon activation/resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- QinLei Gu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Kenneth S. Tung
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ulrike M. Lorenz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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170
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Steiner R, Pilat N. The potential for Treg-enhancing therapies in transplantation. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 211:122-137. [PMID: 36562079 PMCID: PMC10019131 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of regulatory T cells (Tregs) as crucial regulators of immune tolerance against self-antigens, these cells have become a promising tool for the induction of donor-specific tolerance in transplantation medicine. The therapeutic potential of increasing in vivoTreg numbers for a favorable Treg to Teff cell ratio has already been demonstrated in several sophisticated pre-clinical models and clinical pilot trials. In addition to improving cell quantity, enhancing Treg function utilizing engineering techniques led to encouraging results in models of autoimmunity and transplantation. Here we aim to discuss the most promising approaches for Treg-enhancing therapies, starting with adoptive transfer approaches and ex vivoexpansion cultures (polyclonal vs. antigen specific), followed by selective in vivostimulation methods. Furthermore, we address next generation concepts for Treg function enhancement (CARs, TRUCKs, BARs) as well as the advantages and caveats inherit to each approach. Finally, this review will discuss the clinical experience with Treg therapy in ongoing and already published clinical trials; however, data on long-term results and efficacy are still very limited and many questions that might complicate clinical translation remain open. Here, we discuss the hurdles for clinical translation and elaborate on current Treg-based therapeutic options as well as their potencies for improving long-term graft survival in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Steiner
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Pilat
- Correspondence: Nina Pilat, PhD, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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171
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Liu P, Kong L, Liu Y, Li G, Xie J, Lu X. A key driver to promote HCC: Cellular crosstalk in tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1135122. [PMID: 37007125 PMCID: PMC10050394 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1135122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third greatest cause of cancer-related mortality, which of the major pathological type is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for more than 90%. HCC is characterized by high mortality and is predisposed to metastasis and relapse, leading to a low five-year survival rate and poor clinical prognosis. Numerous crosstalk among tumor parenchymal cells, anti-tumor cells, stroma cells, and immunosuppressive cells contributes to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), in which the function and frequency of anti-tumor cells are reduced with that of associated pro-tumor cells increasing, accordingly resulting in tumor malignant progression. Indeed, sorting out and understanding the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of cellular crosstalk in TME is crucial to discover more key targets and specific biomarkers, so that develop more efficient methods for early diagnosis and individualized treatment of liver cancer. This piece of writing offers insight into the recent advances in HCC-TME and reviews various mechanisms that promote HCC malignant progression from the perspective of mutual crosstalk among different types of cells in TME, aiming to assist in identifying the possible research directions and methods in the future for discovering new targets that could prevent HCC malignant progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyue Liu
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Lingyu Kong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Clinical Skills Training Center, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Jianjia Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Tangshan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Lu,
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Zhou X, Cao H, Fang SY, Chow RD, Tang K, Majety M, Bai M, Dong MB, Renauer PA, Shang X, Suzuki K, Levchenko A, Chen S. CTLA-4 tail fusion enhances CAR-T anti-tumor immunity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.14.532655. [PMID: 36993364 PMCID: PMC10055096 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.14.532655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are powerful therapeutics; however, their efficacy is often hindered by critical hurdles. Here, utilizing the endocytic feature of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) cytoplasmic tail (CT), we reprogram CAR function and substantially enhance CAR-T efficacy in vivo . CAR-T cells with monomeric, duplex, or triplex CTLA-4 CTs (CCTs) fused to the C-terminus of CAR exhibit a progressive increase in cytotoxicity under repeated stimulation, accompanied by reduced activation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further characterization reveals that CARs with increasing CCT fusion show a progressively lower surface expression, regulated by their constant endocytosis, recycling and degradation under steady state. The molecular dynamics of reengineered CAR with CCT fusion results in reduced CAR-mediated trogocytosis, loss of tumor antigen, and improved CAR-T survival. CARs with either monomeric (CAR-1CCT) or duplex CCTs (CAR-2CCT) have superior anti-tumor efficacy in a relapsed leukemia model. Single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry analysis reveal that CAR-2CCT cells retain a stronger central memory phenotype and exhibit increased persistence. These findings illuminate a unique strategy for engineering therapeutic T cells and improving CAR-T function through synthetic CCT fusion, which is orthogonal to other cell engineering techniques.
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173
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Tay C, Tanaka A, Sakaguchi S. Tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells as targets of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:450-465. [PMID: 36917950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are abundant in tumor tissues, raising a question of whether immunosuppressive tumor-infiltrating Tregs (TI-Tregs) can be selectively depleted or functionally attenuated to evoke effective anti-tumor immune responses by conventional T cells (Tconvs), without perturbing Treg-dependent immune homeostasis in healthy organs and causing autoimmunity. Here, we review current cancer immunotherapy strategies, including immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibodies against CTLA-4 and PD-1 and discuss their effects on TI-Tregs. We also discuss approaches that exploit differentially regulated molecules on the cell surface (e.g., CTLA-4) and intracellularly (e.g., T cell receptor signaling molecules) between TI-Tregs and Tconvs as well as their dependence on cytokines (e.g., IL-2) and metabolites (e.g., lactate). We envisage that targeting TI-Tregs could be effective as a monotherapy and/or when combined with ICB antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Tay
- Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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174
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Anindya R, Rutter GA, Meur G. New-onset type 1 diabetes and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:191-203. [PMID: 36529987 PMCID: PMC9877852 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a condition characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin. Loss of insulin-producing pancreatic islet β cells is one of the many causes of T1D. Viral infections have long been associated with new-onset T1D and the balance between virulence and host immunity determines whether the viral infection would lead to T1D. Herein, we detail the dynamic interaction of pancreatic β cells with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the host immune system with respect to new-onset T1D. Importantly, β cells express the crucial entry receptors and multiple studies confirmed that β cells are infected by SARS-CoV-2. Innate immune system effectors, such as natural killer cells, can eliminate such infected β cells. Although CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T (TREG ) cells provide immune tolerance to prevent the destruction of the islet β-cell population by autoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells, it can be speculated that SARS-CoV-2 infection may compromise self-tolerance by depleting TREG -cell numbers or diminishing TREG -cell functions by repressing Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) expression. However, the expansion of β cells by self-duplication, and regeneration from progenitor cells, could effectively replace lost β cells. Appearance of islet autoantibodies following SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in a few cases, which could imply a breakdown of immune tolerance in the pancreatic islets. However, many of the cases with newly diagnosed autoimmune response following SARS-CoV-2 infection also presented with significantly high HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) levels that indicated progression of an already set diabetes, rather than new-onset T1D. Here we review the potential underlying mechanisms behind loss of functional β-cell mass as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection that can trigger new-onset T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Anindya
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore City, Singapore.,Centre of Research of Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gargi Meur
- ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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175
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Chen Z, Huang J, Kwak-Kim J, Wang W. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and reproductive failures. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 156:103799. [PMID: 36724630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The human conceptus is a semi-allograft, which is antigenically foreign to the mother. Hence, the implantation process needs mechanisms to prevent allograft rejection during successful pregnancy. Immune checkpoints are a group of inhibitory pathways expressed on the surface of various immune cells in the form of ligand receptors. Immune cells possess these pathways to regulate the magnitude of immune responses and induce maternal-fetal tolerance. Briefly, 1) CTLA-4 can weaken T cell receptor (TCR) signals and inhibit T cell response; 2) The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway can reduce T cell proliferation, enhance T cell anergy and fatigue, reduce cytokine production, and increase T regulatory cell activity to complete the immunosuppression; 3) TIM3 interacts with T cells by binding Gal-9, weakening Th1 cell-mediated immunity and T cell apoptosis; 4) The LAG-3 binding to MHC II can inhibit T cell activation by interfering with the binding of CD4 to MHC II, and; 5) TIGIT can release inhibitory signals to NK and T cells through the ITIM structure of its cytoplasmic tail. Therefore, dysregulated immune checkpoints or the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors may impair human reproduction. This review intends to deliver a comprehensive overview of immune checkpoints in pregnancy, including CTLA-4, PD-1/PD-L1, TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT, and their inhibitors, reviewing their roles in normal and pathological human pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyang Chen
- School of Medicine, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266000, PR China; Reproduction Medical Center, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jinxia Huang
- Reproduction Medical Center, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Department of Gynecology, Weihai Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, 3 Mishan East Road, Weihai 264400, PR China
| | - Joanne Kwak-Kim
- Reproductive Medicine and Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Sciences Department, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Vernon Hills, IL 60061, USA; Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Reproduction Medical Center, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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176
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Yoshimura K. Association of microbiota with cancer treatment. Int J Clin Oncol 2023; 28:341-346. [PMID: 36843139 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-023-02302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
The impact of immune checkpoint molecule inhibitors on cancer treatment is significant. At the same time, further improvement in their efficacy has become essential. For this reason, there has been increasing interest in investigating the state of the cancer microenvironment in which efficacy can be demonstrated. The gut microbiota plays an important role in the cancer microenvironment. Recent developments in the study of gut microbiota have been explosive, benefiting from technological innovations in next-generation sequencing. Gut microbiota are specific enough to identify an individual and change gently with age. Disruptions in the gut microbiota have been extensively studied in relation to a variety of diseases. In addition to monotherapy with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, combination therapy with chemotherapy and molecular target therapy, as well as combination therapy with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, is now widely used in cancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Therefore, the development of biomarkers that can predict anti-tumor and adverse events is urgently required due to the complexity of the treatment, and research on gut microbiota is expected in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Yoshimura
- Division of Clinical Immuno-Oncology, Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Showa University, 6-11-11 Kitakarasuyama, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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177
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Kennedy A, Robinson MA, Hinze C, Waters E, Williams C, Halliday N, Dovedi S, Sansom DM. The CTLA-4 immune checkpoint protein regulates PD-L1:PD-1 interaction via transendocytosis of its ligand CD80. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111556. [PMID: 36727298 PMCID: PMC9975936 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CTLA-4 and PD-1 are key immune checkpoint receptors that are targeted in the treatment of cancer. A recently identified physical interaction between the respective ligands, CD80 and PD-L1, has been shown to block PD-L1/PD-1 binding and to prevent PD-L1 inhibitory functions. Since CTLA-4 is known to capture and degrade its ligands via transendocytosis, we investigated the interplay between CD80 transendocytosis and CD80/PD-L1 interaction. We find that transendocytosis of CD80 results in a time-dependent recovery of PD-L1 availability that correlates with CD80 removal. Moreover, CD80 transendocytosis is highly specific in that only CD80 is internalised, while its heterodimeric PD-L1 partner remains on the plasma membrane of the antigen-presenting cell (APC). CTLA-4 interactions with CD80 do not appear to be inhibited by PD-L1, but efficient removal of CD80 requires an intact CTLA-4 cytoplasmic domain, distinguishing this process from more general trogocytosis and simple CTLA-4 binding to CD80/PD-L1 complexes. These data are consistent with CTLA-4 acting as modulator of PD-L1:PD-1 interactions via control of CD80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Kennedy
- UCL Institute of Immunity and TransplantationLondonUK
| | | | - Claudia Hinze
- UCL Institute of Immunity and TransplantationLondonUK
| | - Erin Waters
- UCL Institute of Immunity and TransplantationLondonUK
| | | | - Neil Halliday
- UCL Institute of Immunity and TransplantationLondonUK
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178
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Zhou X, Li C, Chen T, Li W, Wang X, Yang Q. Targeting RNA N6-methyladenosine to synergize with immune checkpoint therapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:36. [PMID: 36810108 PMCID: PMC9942356 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint therapy, has revolutionized therapeutic options by reactivating the host immune system. However, the efficacy varies, and only a small portion of patients develop sustained antitumor responses. Hence, illustrating novel strategies that improve the clinical outcome of immune checkpoint therapy is urgently needed. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been proved to be an efficient and dynamic posttranscriptional modification process. It is involved in numerous RNA processing, such as splicing, trafficking, translation and degradation. Compelling evidence emphasizes the paramount role of m6A modification in the regulation of immune response. These findings may provide a foundation for the rational combination of targeting m6A modification and immune checkpoints in cancer treatment. In the present review, we summarize the current landscape of m6A modification in RNA biology, and highlight the latest findings on the complex mechanisms by which m6A modification governs immune checkpoint molecules. Furthermore, given the critical role of m6A modification in antitumor immunity, we discuss the clinical significance of targeting m6A modification to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy for cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyong Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 107, Jinan, Shandong China ,grid.476866.dDepartment of Breast Surgery, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 107, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 107, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 107, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 107, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road No. 107, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Department of Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Xi Road No. 107, Shandong, Jinan, China. .,Research Institute of Breast Cancer, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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179
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Ramírez-González A, Ávila-López P, Bahena-Román M, Contreras-Ochoa CO, Lagunas-Martínez A, Langley E, Manzo-Merino J, Madrid-Marina V, Torres-Poveda K. Critical Role of the Transcription Factor AKNA in T-Cell Activation: An Integrative Bioinformatics Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044212. [PMID: 36835622 PMCID: PMC9965657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The human akna gene encodes an AT-hook transcription factor, the expression of which is involved in various cellular processes. The goal of this study was to identify potential AKNA binding sites in genes that participate in T-cell activation and validate selected genes. Here we analyzed ChIP-seq and microarray assays to determine AKNA-binding motifs and the cellular process altered by AKNA in T-cell lymphocytes. In addition, we performed a validation analysis by RT-qPCR to assess AKNA's role in promoting IL-2 and CD80 expression. We found five AT-rich motifs that are potential candidates as AKNA response elements. We identified these AT-rich motifs in promoter regions of more than a thousand genes in activated T-cells, and demonstrated that AKNA induces the expression of genes involved in helper T-cell activation, such as IL-2. The genomic enrichment and prediction of AT-rich motif analyses demonstrated that AKNA is a transcription factor that can potentially modulate gene expression by recognizing AT-rich motifs in a plethora of genes that are involved in different molecular pathways and processes. Among the cellular processes activated by AT-rich genes, we found inflammatory pathways potentially regulated by AKNA, suggesting AKNA is acting as a master regulator during T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrahan Ramírez-González
- Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
| | - Pedro Ávila-López
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Margarita Bahena-Román
- Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
| | - Carla O. Contreras-Ochoa
- Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Lagunas-Martínez
- Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Langley
- Department of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Manzo-Merino
- Department of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 03940, Mexico
| | - Vicente Madrid-Marina
- Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
| | - Kirvis Torres-Poveda
- Center for Research on Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 03940, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+52-777-3293000 (ext. 2204)
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180
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Shen J, Wang L, Bi J. Bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation of cuproptosis-related lncRNA LINC02154 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:160. [PMID: 36797708 PMCID: PMC9936708 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is common in urinary system tumors. Cuproptosis is a non-apoptotic cell death pathway. Copper binds to fatty acylated mitochondrial proteins and activates various forms of cell death. LncRNA LINC02154 is significantly highly expressed in cells and tissues of many types of tumors, and the risk signature of LINC02154 in some tumors has been validated for effectiveness. METHODS We constructed a risk prognostic signature by obtaining differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with ccRCC outcomes and cuproptosis from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We used TCGA to construct training and testing sets to analyze the risk signature and the impact of LINC02154, and we performed relevant survival analyses. Tumor mutational burdens were analyzed in different LINC02154 expression groups and risk score groups. We next analyzed the immune microenvironment of LINC20154. We performed LINC20154-related drug sensitivity analyses. We also investigated the cellular function of LINC02154 in the ACHN cell line and performed CCK-8 assay, EdU, wound-healing assay, and Transwell assay. The essential genes FDX1 and DLST of cuproptosis were detected by western blot. RESULTS We demonstrated that LINC02154's impact on outcomes was statistically significant. We also demonstrated the association of different ages, genders, stages, and grades with LINC02154 and risk models. The results showed a significant difference in tumor mutation burden between the groups, which was closely related to clinical prognosis. We found differences in immune cells among groups with different levels of LINC02154 expression and significant differences in immune function, immunotherapeutic positive markers, and critical steps of the immune cycle. The sensitivity analysis showed that differential expression of LINC02154 discriminated between sensitivity to axitinib, doxorubicin, gemcitabine, pazopanib, sorafenib, sunitinib, and temsirolimus. This difference was also present in the high-risk group and low-risk group. We demonstrated that the proliferation and migration of t ACHN cells in the LINC02154 knockdown group were inhibited. The western blot results showed that the knockdown of LINC02154 significantly affected the expression of FDX1 and DLST, critical genes of cuproptosis. CONCLUSION Finally, we demonstrated that LINC02154 and our constructed risk signature could predict outcomes and have potential clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Shen
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Urology, China Medical University, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning China
| | - Linhui Wang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Urology, China Medical University, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning China
| | - Jianbin Bi
- Department of Urology, China Medical University, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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181
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Zagorulya M, Yim L, Morgan DM, Edwards A, Torres-Mejia E, Momin N, McCreery CV, Zamora IL, Horton BL, Fox JG, Wittrup KD, Love JC, Spranger S. Tissue-specific abundance of interferon-gamma drives regulatory T cells to restrain DC1-mediated priming of cytotoxic T cells against lung cancer. Immunity 2023; 56:386-405.e10. [PMID: 36736322 PMCID: PMC10880816 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Local environmental factors influence CD8+ T cell priming in lymph nodes (LNs). Here, we sought to understand how factors unique to the tumor-draining mediastinal LN (mLN) impact CD8+ T cell responses toward lung cancer. Type 1 conventional dendritic cells (DC1s) showed a mLN-specific failure to induce robust cytotoxic T cells responses. Using regulatory T (Treg) cell depletion strategies, we found that Treg cells suppressed DC1s in a spatially coordinated manner within tissue-specific microniches within the mLN. Treg cell suppression required MHC II-dependent contact between DC1s and Treg cells. Elevated levels of IFN-γ drove differentiation Treg cells into Th1-like effector Treg cells in the mLN. In patients with cancer, Treg cell Th1 polarization, but not CD8+/Treg cell ratios, correlated with poor responses to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Thus, IFN-γ in the mLN skews Treg cells to be Th1-like effector Treg cells, driving their close interaction with DC1s and subsequent suppression of cytotoxic T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zagorulya
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Leon Yim
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Duncan M Morgan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Austin Edwards
- Biological Imaging Development CoLab, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Elen Torres-Mejia
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Noor Momin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chloe V McCreery
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Izabella L Zamora
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brendan L Horton
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - James G Fox
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Division of Comparative Medicine, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - K Dane Wittrup
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stefani Spranger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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182
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Watanabe T, Ishino T, Ueda Y, Nagasaki J, Sadahira T, Dansako H, Araki M, Togashi Y. Activated CTLA-4-independent immunosuppression of Treg cells disturbs CTLA-4 blockade-mediated antitumor immunity. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:1859-1870. [PMID: 36762794 PMCID: PMC10154808 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy with anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has dramatically improved the prognosis of patients with multiple types of cancer, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, more than half of RCC patients fail to respond to this therapy. Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are a subset of highly immunosuppressive CD4+ T cells that promote the immune escape of tumors by suppressing effector T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) through various mechanisms. CTLA-4 is constitutively expressed in Treg cells and is regarded as a key molecule for Treg-cell-mediated immunosuppressive functions, suppressing antigen-presenting cells by binding to CD80/CD86. Reducing Treg cells in the TME with an anti-CTLA-4 mAb with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity is considered an essential mechanism to achieve tumor regression. In contrast, we demonstrated that CTLA-4 blockade without ADCC activity enhanced CD28 costimulatory signaling pathways in Treg cells and promoted Treg-cell proliferation in mouse models. CTLA-4 blockade also augmented CTLA-4-independent immunosuppressive functions, including cytokine production, leading to insufficient antitumor effects. Similar results were also observed in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from patients with RCC. Our findings highlight the importance of Treg-cell depletion to achieve tumor regression in response to CTLA-4 blockade therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Watanabe
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takamasa Ishino
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Youki Ueda
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Joji Nagasaki
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Sadahira
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Dansako
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Motoo Araki
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Togashi
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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183
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Bouqdayr M, Abbad A, Baba H, Saih A, Wakrim L, Kettani A. Computational analysis of structural and functional evaluation of the deleterious missense variants in the human CTLA4 gene. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:14179-14196. [PMID: 36764830 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2178509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CTLA-4 is an immune checkpoint receptor that negatively regulates the T-cell function expressed after T-cell activation to break the immune response. The current study predicted the genomic analysis to explore the functional variations of missense SNPs in the human CTLA4 gene using PolyPhen2, SIFT, PANTHER, PROVEAN, Fathmm, Mutation Assessor, PhD-SNP, SNPs&GO, SNAP2, and MutPred2. Phylogenetic conservation protein was predicted by ConSurf. Protein structural analysis was carried out by I-Mutant3, MUpro, iStable2, PremPS, and ERIS servers. Molecular dynamics trajectory analysis (RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, H-bonds, and PCA) was performed to analyze the dynamic behavior of native and mutant CTLA-4 at the atomic level. Our in-silico analysis suggested that C58S, G118R, P137Q, P137R, P137L, P138T, and G146L variants were predicted to be the most deleterious missense variants and highly conserved residues. Moreover, the molecular dynamics analysis proposed a decrease in the protein stability and compactness with the P137R and P138T highlighting the impact of these variants on the function of the CTLA-4 protein.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Bouqdayr
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Virology Unit, Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Anass Abbad
- Medical Virology and BSL-3 Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hanâ Baba
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Virology Unit, Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Asmae Saih
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Virology Unit, Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Lahcen Wakrim
- Virology Unit, Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Anass Kettani
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
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184
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Zagorulya M, Spranger S. Once upon a prime: DCs shape cancer immunity. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:172-184. [PMID: 36357313 PMCID: PMC10827483 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are potent killers of diseased cells, but their functional capacity is often compromised in cancer. The quality of antitumor T cell immunity is determined during T cell priming in the lymph node and further influenced by the local microenvironment of the tumor. Increasing evidence indicates that dendritic cells (DCs) have the capacity to precisely regulate the functional quality of antitumor T cell responses in both locations. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how distinct DC-derived signals influence CD8+ T cell differentiation and antitumor functions. Insight into the mechanisms of DC-mediated regulation of antitumor immunity could inspire the development of improved approaches to prevent and reverse T cell dysfunction in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zagorulya
- Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stefani Spranger
- Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ludwig Center at MIT's Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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185
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Palmeri JR, Lax BM, Peters JM, Duhamel L, Stinson JA, Santollani L, Lutz EA, Pinney W, Bryson BD, Wittrup KD. Tregs constrain CD8 + T cell priming required for curative intratumorally anchored anti-4-1BB immunotherapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.30.526116. [PMID: 36778460 PMCID: PMC9915483 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.30.526116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although co-stimulation of T cells with agonist antibodies targeting 4-1BB (CD137) improves antitumor immune responses in preclinical studies, clinical development has been hampered by on-target, off-tumor toxicity. Here, we report the development of a tumor-anchored ɑ4-1BB agonist (ɑ4-1BB-LAIR), which consists of an ɑ4-1BB antibody fused to the collagen binding protein LAIR. While combination treatment with an antitumor antibody (TA99) displayed only modest efficacy, simultaneous depletion of CD4+ T cells boosted cure rates to over 90% of mice. We elucidated two mechanisms of action for this synergy: ɑCD4 eliminated tumor draining lymph node Tregs, enhancing priming and activation of CD8+ T cells, and TA99 + ɑ4-1BB-LAIR supported the cytotoxic program of these newly primed CD8+ T cells within the tumor microenvironment. Replacement of ɑCD4 with ɑCTLA-4, a clinically approved antibody that enhances T cell priming, produced equivalent cure rates while additionally generating robust immunological memory against secondary tumor rechallenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Palmeri
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Cambridge, MA
- Department of Chemical Engineering of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Cambridge, MA
| | - Brianna M Lax
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Cambridge, MA
- Department of Chemical Engineering of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Cambridge, MA
| | - Joshua M Peters
- Department of Biological Engineering of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Cambridge, MA
- Ragon Institute of MIT, MGH, and Harvard; Cambridge, MA
| | - Lauren Duhamel
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Cambridge, MA
- Department of Biological Engineering of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Cambridge, MA
| | - Jordan A Stinson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Cambridge, MA
- Department of Biological Engineering of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Cambridge, MA
| | - Luciano Santollani
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Cambridge, MA
- Department of Chemical Engineering of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Cambridge, MA
| | - Emi A Lutz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Cambridge, MA
- Department of Biological Engineering of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Cambridge, MA
| | - William Pinney
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Cambridge, MA
- Department of Biological Engineering of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Cambridge, MA
| | - Bryan D Bryson
- Department of Biological Engineering of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Cambridge, MA
- Ragon Institute of MIT, MGH, and Harvard; Cambridge, MA
| | - K Dane Wittrup
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Cambridge, MA
- Department of Chemical Engineering of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Cambridge, MA
- Department of Biological Engineering of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Cambridge, MA
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186
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Amini L, Kaeda J, Fritsche E, Roemhild A, Kaiser D, Reinke P. Clinical adoptive regulatory T Cell therapy: State of the art, challenges, and prospective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1081644. [PMID: 36794233 PMCID: PMC9924129 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1081644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rejection of solid organ transplant and graft versus host disease (GvHD) continue to be challenging in post transplantation management. The introduction of calcineurin inhibitors dramatically improved recipients' short-term prognosis. However, long-term clinical outlook remains poor, moreover, the lifelong dependency on these toxic drugs leads to chronic deterioration of graft function, in particular the renal function, infections and de-novo malignancies. These observations led investigators to identify alternative therapeutic options to promote long-term graft survival, which could be used concomitantly, but preferably, replace pharmacologic immunosuppression as standard of care. Adoptive T cell (ATC) therapy has evolved as one of the most promising approaches in regenerative medicine in the recent years. A range of cell types with disparate immunoregulatory and regenerative properties are actively being investigated as potential therapeutic agents for specific transplant rejection, autoimmunity or injury-related indications. A significant body of data from preclinical models pointed to efficacy of cellular therapies. Significantly, early clinical trial observations have confirmed safety and tolerability, and yielded promising data in support of efficacy of the cellular therapeutics. The first class of these therapeutic agents commonly referred to as advanced therapy medicinal products have been approved and are now available for clinical use. Specifically, clinical trials have supported the utility of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) to minimize unwanted or overshooting immune responses and reduce the level of pharmacological immunosuppression in transplant recipients. Tregs are recognized as the principal orchestrators of maintaining peripheral tolerance, thereby blocking excessive immune responses and prevent autoimmunity. Here, we summarize rationale for the adoptive Treg therapy, challenges in manufacturing and clinical experiences with this novel living drug and outline future perspectives of its use in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Amini
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Berlin Institute of Health—Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jaspal Kaeda
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enrico Fritsche
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andy Roemhild
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Kaiser
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Berlin Institute of Health—Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Petra Reinke,
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187
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Dutta S, Ganguly A, Chatterjee K, Spada S, Mukherjee S. Targets of Immune Escape Mechanisms in Cancer: Basis for Development and Evolution of Cancer Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020218. [PMID: 36829496 PMCID: PMC9952779 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has emerged as a novel therapeutic tool for cancer therapy in the last decade. Unfortunately, a small number of patients benefit from approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Therefore, multiple studies are being conducted to find new ICIs and combination strategies to improve the current ICIs. In this review, we discuss some approved immune checkpoints, such as PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA-4, and also highlight newer emerging ICIs. For instance, HLA-E, overexpressed by tumor cells, represents an immune-suppressive feature by binding CD94/NKG2A, on NK and T cells. NKG2A blockade recruits CD8+ T cells and activates NK cells to decrease the tumor burden. NKG2D acts as an NK cell activating receptor that can also be a potential ICI. The adenosine A2A and A2B receptors, CD47-SIRPα, TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT, and VISTA are targets that also contribute to cancer immunoresistance and have been considered for clinical trials. Their antitumor immunosuppressive functions can be used to develop blocking antibodies. PARPs, mARTs, and B7-H3 are also other potential targets for immunosuppression. Additionally, miRNA, mRNA, and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated immunotherapeutic approaches are being investigated with great interest. Pre-clinical and clinical studies project these targets as potential immunotherapeutic candidates in different cancer types for their robust antitumor modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shovan Dutta
- The Center for Immunotherapy & Precision Immuno-Oncology (CITI), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Anirban Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar 814152, India
| | | | - Sheila Spada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Sumit Mukherjee
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.M.)
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188
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Lee WH, Kim GE, Hong KJ, Kim HS, Lee GR. Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Signaling Inhibits Foxp3 Expression and Suppressive Functions in Treg Cells through the mTORC1 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032551. [PMID: 36768873 PMCID: PMC9917118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in immune homeostasis by inhibiting cells within the innate and adaptive immune systems; therefore, the stability and immunosuppressive function of Treg cells need to be maintained. In this study, we found that the expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) by Treg cells was lower than that by conventional CD4 T cells. IRS1-overexpressing Treg cells showed the downregulated expression of FOXP3, as well as Treg signature markers CD25 and CTLA4. IRS1-overexpressing Treg cells also showed diminished immunosuppressive functions in an in vitro suppression assay. Moreover, IRS1-overexpressing Treg cells were unable to suppress the pathogenic effects of conventional T cells in a transfer-induced colitis model. IRS1 activated the mTORC1 signaling pathway, a negative regulator of Treg cells. Moreover, IRS1 destabilized Treg cells by upregulating the expression of IFN-γ and Glut1. Thus, IRS1 acts as a negative regulator of Treg cells by downregulating the expression of FOXP3 and disrupting stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gap Ryol Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-705-8458; Fax: +82-2-704-3601
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189
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Peng XP, Caballero-Oteyza A, Grimbacher B. Common Variable Immunodeficiency: More Pathways than Roads to Rome. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 18:283-310. [PMID: 36266261 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-031521-024229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fifty years have elapsed since the term common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) was introduced to accommodate the many and varied antibody deficiencies being identified in patients with suspected inborn errors of immunity (IEIs). Since then, how the term is understood and applied for diagnosis and management has undergone many revisions, though controversy persists on how exactly to define and classify CVID. Many monogenic disorders have been added under its aegis, while investigations into polygenic, epigenetic, and somatic contributions to CVID susceptibility have gained momentum. Expansion of the overall IEI landscape has increasingly revealed genotypic and phenotypic overlap between CVID and various other immunological conditions, while increasingly routine genotyping of CVID patients continues to identify an incredible diversity of pathophysiological mechanisms affecting even single genes. Though many questions remain to be answered, the lessons we have already learned from CVID biology have greatly informed our understanding of adaptive, but also innate, immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao P Peng
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; .,Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrés Caballero-Oteyza
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; .,Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST) Cluster of Excellence, Hanover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; .,Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST) Cluster of Excellence, Hanover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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190
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Review to Understand the Crosstalk between Immunotherapy and Tumor Metabolism. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020862. [PMID: 36677919 PMCID: PMC9863813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have ushered in a new era of cancer treatment by increasing the likelihood of long-term survival for patients with metastatic disease and by introducing fresh therapeutic indications in cases where the disease is still in its early stages. Immune checkpoint inhibitors that target the proteins cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) or programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 have significantly improved overall survival in patients with certain cancers and are expected to help patients achieve complete long-lasting remissions and cures. Some patients who receive immune checkpoint inhibitors, however, either experience therapeutic failure or eventually develop immunotherapy resistance. Such individuals are common, which necessitates a deeper understanding of how cancer progresses, particularly with regard to nutritional regulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which comprises metabolic cross-talk between metabolites and tumor cells as well as intracellular metabolism in immune and cancer cells. Combination of immunotherapy with targeted metabolic regulation might be a focus of future cancer research despite a lack of existing clinical evidence. Here, we reviewed the significance of the tumor microenvironment and discussed the most significant immunological checkpoints that have recently been identified. In addition, metabolic regulation of tumor immunity and immunological checkpoints in the TME, including glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and other metabolic pathways were also incorporated to discuss the possible metabolism-based treatment methods being researched in preclinical and clinical settings. This review will contribute to the identification of a relationship or crosstalk between tumor metabolism and immunotherapy, which will shed significant light on cancer treatment and cancer research.
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191
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Role of lymphocytes, macrophages and immune receptors in suppression of tumor immunity. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 194:269-310. [PMID: 36631195 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is now the leading cause of mortality across the world. Inflammatory immune cells are functionally important in the genesis and progression of tumors, as demonstrated by their presence in human tumors. Numerous research has recently been conducted to determine if the innate and adaptive immune systems' cytotoxic cells can inhibit tumor growth and spread. Majority of cancers, when growing into identifiable tumors use multiple strategies to elude immune monitoring by lowering tumor immunity. Immunological suppression in the tumor microenvironment is achieved through interfering with antigen-presenting cells and effector T cells. Treatment of cancer requires managing both the tumor as well as tumor microenvironment (TME). Most patients will not be able to gain benefits from immunotherapy because of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The actions of many stromal myeloid and lymphoid cells are regulated to suppress tumor-specific T lymphocytes. These frequently exhibit inducible suppressive processes brought on by the same anti-tumor inflammatory response the immunotherapy aims to produce. Therefore, a deeper comprehensive understanding of how the immunosuppressive environment arises and endures is essential. Here in this chapter, we will talk about how immune cells, particularly macrophages and lymphocytes, and their receptors affect the ability of tumors to mount an immune response.
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192
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Guan J, Liu H, Chai Y, Yu J, Yao J, Wang J, Pan Z, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Liu H, Yao S, Qi J, Feng H, Gao GF, Wang Q, Shi Y, Tan S. Characterization of the high-affinity anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody JS007 for immune checkpoint therapy of cancer. MAbs 2023; 15:2153409. [PMID: 36511654 PMCID: PMC9754112 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2153409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a critical inhibitory checkpoint molecule, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting CTLA-4 that restore anti-tumor T cell immunity have achieved clinical success. Here, we report a humanized IgG1 mAb, namely JS007, with high binding affinity to CTLA-4. JS007 shows superior binding affinity and T-cell activating efficiency over ipilimumab. Moreover, it demonstrates substantial in vivo tumor suppression efficacy at low doses. The crystal structure of JS007/CTLA-4 complex (PDB: 8HIT) shows JS007 adopts a heavy-chain-dominant binding mode, and mainly contacts the BC loop, DE loop and FG loop of CTLA-4. Notably, two Tyr residues (VH-Y100 and VL-Y32) from the complementarity-determining region loops insert into the two cavities formed by the residues from the loops of CTLA-4, which may contribute to the stabilization of the binding. Comparative analysis with other anti-CTLA-4 mAbs indicates that the double "wedge-into-hole" binding mode is unique for JS007 and may be responsible for the high-affinity binding to CTLA-4. These findings have provided an important molecular understanding of the high-affinity CTLA-4 blockade mAbs and shed light on future development of agents targeting CTLA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchuan Liu
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Engineering, Shanghai Junshi Biosciences Co Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chai
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China
| | - Jie Yu
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Shandong, China
| | - Jian Yao
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Engineering, Shanghai Junshi Biosciences Co Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Engineering, Shanghai Junshi Biosciences Co Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Pan
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Engineering, Shanghai Junshi Biosciences Co Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Engineering, Shanghai Junshi Biosciences Co Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuehua Zhou
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Engineering, Shanghai Junshi Biosciences Co Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Engineering, Shanghai Junshi Biosciences Co Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Yao
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Engineering, Shanghai Junshi Biosciences Co Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Engineering, Shanghai Junshi Biosciences Co Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - George F. Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,CONTACT Qihui Wang
| | - Yi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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193
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Oladejo M, Paulishak W, Wood L. Synergistic potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors and therapeutic cancer vaccines. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 88:81-95. [PMID: 36526110 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) function at different stages of the cancer immune cycle due to their distinct mechanisms of action. Therapeutic cancer vaccines enhance the activation and infiltration of cytotoxic immune cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME), while ICIs, prevent and/or reverse the dysfunction of these immune cells. The efficacy of both classes of immunotherapy has been evaluated in monotherapy, but they have been met with several challenges. Although therapeutic cancer vaccines can activate anti-tumor immune responses, these responses are susceptible to attenuation by immunoregulatory molecules. Similarly, ICIs are ineffective in the absence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Further, ICIs are often associated with immune-related adverse effects that may limit quality of life and compliance. However, the combination of the improved immunogenicity afforded by cancer vaccines and restrained immunosuppression provided by immune checkpoint inhibitors may provide a suitable platform for therapeutic synergism. In this review, we revisit the history and various classifications of therapeutic cancer vaccines. We also provide a summary of the currently approved ICIs. Finally, we provide mechanistic insights into the synergism between ICIs and cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Oladejo
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Wyatt Paulishak
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Laurence Wood
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA.
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194
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Li Q, Lu J, Li J, Zhang B, Wu Y, Ying T. Antibody-based cancer immunotherapy by targeting regulatory T cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1157345. [PMID: 37182149 PMCID: PMC10174253 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1157345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are among the most abundant suppressive cells, which infiltrate and accumulate in the tumor microenvironment, leading to tumor escape by inducing anergy and immunosuppression. Their presence has been correlated with tumor progression, invasiveness and metastasis. Targeting tumor-associated Tregs is an effective addition to current immunotherapy approaches, but it may also trigger autoimmune diseases. The major limitation of current therapies targeting Tregs in the tumor microenvironment is the lack of selective targets. Tumor-infiltrating Tregs express high levels of cell surface molecules associated with T-cell activation, such as CTLA4, PD-1, LAG3, TIGIT, ICOS, and TNF receptor superfamily members including 4-1BB, OX40, and GITR. Targeting these molecules often attribute to concurrent depletion of antitumor effector T-cell populations. Therefore, novel approaches need to improve the specificity of targeting Tregs in the tumor microenvironment without affecting peripheral Tregs and effector T cells. In this review, we discuss the immunosuppressive mechanisms of tumor-infiltrating Tregs and the status of antibody-based immunotherapies targeting Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tianlei Ying, ; Yanling Wu,
| | - Tianlei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tianlei Ying, ; Yanling Wu,
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195
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Herrock O, Deer E, LaMarca B. Setting a stage: Inflammation during preeclampsia and postpartum. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1130116. [PMID: 36909242 PMCID: PMC9995795 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1130116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality worldwide. The immune system plays a critical role in normal pregnancy progression; however, inappropriate inflammatory responses have been consistently linked with PE pathophysiology. This inflammatory phenotype consists of activation of the innate immune system, adaptive immune system, and increased inflammatory mediators in circulation. Moreover, recent studies have shown that the inflammatory profile seen in PE persists into the postpartum period. This manuscript aims to highlight recent advances in research relating to inflammation in PE as well as the inflammation that persists postpartum in women after a PE pregnancy. With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increase in obstetric disorders associated with COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. This manuscript also aims to shed light on the relationship between COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and the increased incidence of PE in these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Herrock
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Evangeline Deer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Babbette LaMarca
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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196
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Pan Z, Bao L, Lu X, Hu X, Li L, Chen J, Jin T, Zhang Y, Tan Z, Huang P, Ge M. IL2RA +VSIG4 + tumor-associated macrophage is a key subpopulation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166591. [PMID: 36328145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Extensive infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages was correlated poor prognosis in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). However, the heterogeneity and characteristics of the ATC-associated macrophages (ATAMs) in ATC remain far from clear. We combined single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis and gene expression microarray datasets to assess the molecular signature of ATAMs. Compared with normal thyroid-associated macrophages (NTAMs), 778 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) significantly changed in ATAMs compared with NTAMs. These DEGs were correlated with oxidative phosphorylation (M2 phenotype) and phagocytosis (M1 phenotype). Moreover, ATAMs highly expressed pro-tumor genes associated with angiogenesis, fibrosis, metalloprotease activity, and metastasis. Notably, we identified one ATC-specific subset, IL2RA+ VSIG4+ ATAMs, co-expressed M1 and M2 markers. The infiltration of IL2RA+ VSIG4+ ATAMs showed strong correlation with BRAF and RAS signaling, and its high infiltration was associated with favorable prognosis in thyroid-cancer patients. IL2RA+ VSIG4+ ATAMs were associated with increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (B cells, CD8+ T cells, Tregs). IL2RA+ VSIG4+ ATAMs interacted with CD8+ T cells and Tregs through immune checkpoints (such as LGALS9_HAVCR2), cytokines (such as CXCL10_CXCR3), and receptors (such as CSF1R_CSF1), thereby forming an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Multiplex immunohistochemistry staining and coculture experiment confirmed that ATC cancer cells were able to induce the polarization of IL2RA+ VSIG4+ ATAMs. Besides, we identified several novel ATC-specific immune checkpoint genes including the immunosuppressive molecule VSIG4, LAIR1, and LILRB2. Expression of VSIG4 was also significantly correlated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (B cells, CD8+ T cells, Tregs). In conclusion, our study revealed an ATC-specific ATAM subset with bifunctional phenotype, which provided a comprehensive insight to delineate the molecular characteristics of ATC-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongfu Pan
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Bao
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xixuan Lu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinming Chen
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiefeng Jin
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Tan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Minghua Ge
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China.
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197
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Wei X, Yang M. Cell- and subcellular organelle-targeting nanoparticle-mediated breast cancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1180794. [PMID: 37089933 PMCID: PMC10117787 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1180794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor, surpassing lung cancer as the most frequent malignancy in women. Drug resistance, metastasis, and immune escape are the major factors affecting patient survival and represent a huge challenge in BC treatment in clinic. The cell- and subcellular organelle-targeting nanoparticles-mediated targeted BC therapy may be an effective modality for immune evasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Nanocarriers, efficiently delivering small molecules and macromolecules, are used to target subcellular apparatuses with excellent targeting, controlled delivery, and fewer side effects. This study summarizes and critically analyzes the latest organic nanoparticle-mediated subcellular targeted therapeutic based on chemotherapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapy in detail, and discusses the challenges and opportunities of nanoparticle therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Yang,
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198
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Harsini S, Rezaei N. Autoimmune diseases. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818006-8.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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199
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Pan M, Zhao H, Jin R, Leung PSC, Shuai Z. Targeting immune checkpoints in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies associated vasculitis: the potential therapeutic targets in the future. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156212. [PMID: 37090741 PMCID: PMC10115969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV) is a necrotizing vasculitis mainly involving small blood vessels. It is demonstrated that T cells are important in the pathogenesis of AAV, including regulatory T cells (Treg) and helper T cells (Th), especially Th2, Th17, and follicular Th cells (Tfh). In addition, the exhaustion of T cells predicted the favorable prognosis of AAV. The immune checkpoints (ICs) consist of a group of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules expressed on the surface of T cells, which maintains a balance between the activation and exhaustion of T cells. CD28, inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS), OX40, CD40L, glucocorticoid induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR), and CD137 are the common co-stimulatory molecules, while the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule 4 (CTLA-4), T cell immunoglobulin (Ig) and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3), B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), T-cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT), CD200, and lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) belong to co-inhibitory molecules. If this balance was disrupted and the activation of T cells was increased, autoimmune diseases (AIDs) might be induced. Even in the treatment of malignant tumors, activation of T cells by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may result in AIDs known as rheumatic immune-related adverse events (Rh-irAEs), suggesting the importance of ICs in AIDs. In this review, we summarized the features of AAV induced by immunotherapy using ICIs in patients with malignant tumors, and then reviewed the biological characteristics of different ICs. Our aim was to explore potential targets in ICs for future treatment of AAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Pan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruimin Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Patrick S. C. Leung
- Division of Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Zongwen Shuai, ; Patrick S. C. Leung,
| | - Zongwen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Zongwen Shuai, ; Patrick S. C. Leung,
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200
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Hu X, Wang L, Shang B, Wang J, Sun J, Liang B, Su L, You W, Jiang S. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated toxicity in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: An updated understanding of risk factors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1094414. [PMID: 36949956 PMCID: PMC10025397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1094414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies, etc, have revolutionized cancer treatment strategies, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While these immunotherapy agents have achieved durable clinical benefits in a subset of NSCLC patients, they bring in a variety of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which involve cardiac, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, endocrine and dermatologic system damage, ranging from mild to life-threatening. Thus, there is an urgent need to better understand the occurrence of irAEs and predict patients who are susceptible to those toxicities. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of what is updated about the clinical manifestations, mechanisms, predictive biomarkers and management of ICI-associated toxicity in NSCLC. In addition, this review also provides perspective directions for future research of NSCLC-related irAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiao Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Shang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Junren Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjie You
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjie You, ; Shujuan Jiang,
| | - Shujuan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjie You, ; Shujuan Jiang,
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