151
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Solomonia RO, McCabe BJ. Molecular mechanisms of memory in imprinting. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 50:56-69. [PMID: 25280906 PMCID: PMC4726915 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Converging evidence implicates the intermediate and medial mesopallium (IMM) of the domestic chick forebrain in memory for a visual imprinting stimulus. During and after imprinting training, neuronal responsiveness in the IMM to the familiar stimulus exhibits a distinct temporal profile, suggesting several memory phases. We discuss the temporal progression of learning-related biochemical changes in the IMM, relative to the start of this electrophysiological profile. c-fos gene expression increases <15 min after training onset, followed by a learning-related increase in Fos expression, in neurons immunopositive for GABA, taurine and parvalbumin (not calbindin). Approximately simultaneously or shortly after, there are increases in phosphorylation level of glutamate (AMPA) receptor subunits and in releasable neurotransmitter pools of GABA and taurine. Later, the mean area of spine synapse post-synaptic densities, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor number and phosphorylation level of further synaptic proteins are elevated. After ∼ 15 h, learning-related changes in amounts of several synaptic proteins are observed. The results indicate progression from transient/labile to trophic synaptic modification, culminating in stable recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revaz O Solomonia
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 3/5 K Cholokashvili Av, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia; I. Beritashvili Centre of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Brian J McCabe
- University of Cambridge, Department of Zoology, Sub-Department of Animal Behaviour, Madingley, Cambridge CB23 8AA, United Kingdom.
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152
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Bar-Am O, Amit T, Kupershmidt L, Aluf Y, Mechlovich D, Kabha H, Danovitch L, Zurawski VR, Youdim MB, Weinreb O. Neuroprotective and neurorestorative activities of a novel iron chelator-brain selective monoamine oxidase-A/monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor in animal models of Parkinson's disease and aging. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:1529-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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153
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Amin SN, El-Aidi AA, Ali MM, Attia YM, Rashed LA. Modification of hippocampal markers of synaptic plasticity by memantine in animal models of acute and repeated restraint stress: implications for memory and behavior. Neuromolecular Med 2015; 17:121-36. [PMID: 25680935 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-015-8343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stress is any condition that impairs the balance of the organism physiologically or psychologically. The response to stress involves several neurohormonal consequences. Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and its release is increased by stress that predisposes to excitotoxicity in the brain. Memantine is an uncompetitive N-methyl D-aspartate glutamatergic receptors antagonist and has shown beneficial effect on cognitive function especially in Alzheimer's disease. The aim of the work was to investigate memantine effect on memory and behavior in animal models of acute and repeated restraint stress with the evaluation of serum markers of stress and the expression of hippocampal markers of synaptic plasticity. Forty-two male rats were divided into seven groups (six rats/group): control, acute restraint stress, acute restraint stress with Memantine, repeated restraint stress, repeated restraint stress with Memantine and Memantine groups (two subgroups as positive control). Spatial working memory and behavior were assessed by performance in Y-maze. We evaluated serum cortisol, tumor necrotic factor, interleukin-6 and hippocampal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, synaptophysin and calcium-/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Our results revealed that Memantine improved spatial working memory in repeated stress, decreased serum level of stress markers and modified the hippocampal synaptic plasticity markers in both patterns of stress exposure; in ARS, Memantine upregulated the expression of synaptophysin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and downregulated the expression of calcium-/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and in repeated restraint stress, it upregulated the expression of synaptophysin and downregulated calcium-/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II expression.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Anxiety/blood
- Anxiety/drug therapy
- Anxiety/etiology
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Behavior, Animal/physiology
- Biomarkers/blood
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/biosynthesis
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/biosynthesis
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/genetics
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology
- Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic/drug effects
- Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Grooming/drug effects
- Grooming/physiology
- Hippocampus/chemistry
- Hippocampus/drug effects
- Hippocampus/physiopathology
- Hydrocortisone/blood
- Interleukin-6/blood
- Male
- Maze Learning/drug effects
- Maze Learning/physiology
- Memantine/pharmacology
- Memantine/therapeutic use
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Neurogenesis/drug effects
- Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Restraint, Physical/adverse effects
- Spatial Memory/drug effects
- Spatial Memory/physiology
- Stress, Physiological/drug effects
- Stress, Physiological/physiology
- Stress, Psychological/blood
- Stress, Psychological/drug therapy
- Stress, Psychological/etiology
- Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
- Synaptophysin/biosynthesis
- Synaptophysin/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Nasr Amin
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Al Manyal, Cairo, 11451, Egypt,
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154
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Nava N, Treccani G, Liebenberg N, Chen F, Popoli M, Wegener G, Nyengaard JR. Chronic desipramine prevents acute stress-induced reorganization of medial prefrontal cortex architecture by blocking glutamate vesicle accumulation and excitatory synapse increase. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyu085. [PMID: 25522419 PMCID: PMC4360240 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a clear negative influence of chronic exposure to stressful experiences has been repeatedly demonstrated, the outcome of acute stress on key brain regions has only just started to be elucidated. Although it has been proposed that acute stress may produce enhancement of brain plasticity and that antidepressants may prevent such changes, we still lack ultrastructural evidence that acute stress-induced changes in neurotransmitter physiology are coupled with structural synaptic modifications. METHODS Rats were pretreated chronically (14 days) with desipramine (10mg/kg) and then subjected to acute foot-shock stress. By means of serial section electron microscopy, the structural remodeling of medial prefrontal cortex glutamate synapses was assessed soon after acute stressor cessation and stress hormone levels were measured. RESULTS Foot-shock stress induced a remarkable increase in the number of docked vesicles and small excitatory synapses, partially and strongly prevented by desipramine pretreatment, respectively. Acute stress-induced corticosterone elevation was not affected by drug treatment. CONCLUSIONS Since desipramine pretreatment prevented the stress-induced structural plasticity but not the hormone level increase, we hypothesize that the preventing action of desipramine is located on pathways downstream of this process and/or other pathways. Moreover, because enhancement of glutamate system remodeling may contribute to overexcitation dysfunctions, this aspect could represent a crucial component in the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Nava
- Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (Drs Nava, Chen, and Nyengaard); Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark (Drs Nava, Treccani, Liebenberg, Chen, and Wegener); Pharmaceutical Research Center of Excellence, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (Dr Wegener); Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (Drs Treccani and Popoli).
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155
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Sucharski F, Noga MJ, Suder P, Kotlińska J, Silberring J. Integrated workflow for quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of the selected brain structures in development of morphine dependence. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:1003-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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156
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Skalska J, Frontczak-Baniewicz M, Strużyńska L. Synaptic degeneration in rat brain after prolonged oral exposure to silver nanoparticles. Neurotoxicology 2014; 46:145-54. [PMID: 25447321 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurotoxicity of silver nanoparticles has been confirmed in both in vitro and in vivo studies. However, the mechanisms of the toxic action have not been fully clarified. Since nanoparticles are likely to have the ability to enter the brain and significantly accumulate in this organ, it is important to investigate their neurotoxic mechanisms. Here we examine the effect of prolonged exposure of rats to small (10nm) citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticles (as opposed to the ionic silver) on synapse ultrastructure and specific proteins. Administration of both nanosilver and ionic silver over a two-week period resulted in ultrastructural changes including blurred synapse structure and strongly enhanced density of synaptic vesicles clustering in the center of the presynaptic part. Disturbed synaptic membrane leading to liberation of synaptic vesicles into neuropil, which testifies for strong synaptic degeneration, was characteristic feature observed under AgNPs exposure. Also a noteworthy finding was the presence of myelin-like structures derived from fragmented membranes and organelles which are associated with neurodegenerative processes. Additionally, we observed significantly decreased levels of the presynaptic proteins synapsin I and synaptophysin, as well as PSD-95 protein which is an indicator of postsynaptic densities. The present study demonstrates that exposure of adult rats to both forms of silver leads to ultrastructural changes in synapses. However, it seems that small AgNPs lead to more severe synaptic degeneration, mainly in the hippocampal region of brain. The observations may indicate impairment of nerve function and, in the case of hippocampus, may predict impairment of cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Skalska
- Laboratory of Pathoneurochemistry, Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Frontczak-Baniewicz
- Electron Microscopy Platform, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Strużyńska
- Laboratory of Pathoneurochemistry, Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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157
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Humanin attenuates Alzheimer-like cognitive deficits and pathological changes induced by amyloid β-peptide in rats. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:923-935. [PMID: 25391447 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-014-1479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) has been implicated as a key molecule in the neurodegenerative cascades of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Humanin (HN) is a secretory peptide that inhibits the neurotoxicity of Aβ. However, the mechanism(s) by which HN exerts its neuroprotection against Aβ-induced AD-like pathological changes and memory deficits are yet to be completely defined. In the present study, we provided evidence that treatment of rats with HN increases the number of dendritic branches and the density of dendritic spines, and upregulates pre- and post-synaptic protein levels; these effects lead to enhanced long-term potentiation and amelioration of the memory deficits induced by Aβ(1-42). HN also attenuated Aβ(1-42)-induced tau hyperphosphorylation, apparently by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Tyr307 on the inhibitory protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A) catalytic subunit and thereby activating PP2A. HN also inhibited apoptosis and reduced the oxidative stress induced by Aβ(1-42). These findings provide novel mechanisms of action for the ability of HN to protect against Aβ(1-42)-induced AD-like pathological changes and memory deficits.
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158
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Yang J, Yang H, Du X, Ma Q, Song J, Chen M, Dong Y, Ma L, Zheng P. Morphine and DAMGO produce an opposite effect on presynaptic glutamate release via different downstream pathways of μ opioid receptors in the basolateral amygdala. Neuropharmacology 2014; 86:353-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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159
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Synapsin regulates activity-dependent outgrowth of synaptic boutons at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction. J Neurosci 2014; 34:10554-63. [PMID: 25100589 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5074-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patterned depolarization of Drosophila motor neurons can rapidly induce the outgrowth of new synaptic boutons at the larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ), providing a model system to investigate mechanisms underlying acute structural plasticity. Correlative light and electron microscopy analysis revealed that new boutons typically form near the edge of postsynaptic reticulums of presynaptic boutons. Unlike mature boutons, new varicosities have synaptic vesicles which are distributed uniformly throughout the bouton and undeveloped postsynaptic specializations. To characterize the presynaptic mechanisms mediating new synaptic growth induced by patterned activity, we investigated the formation of new boutons in NMJs lacking synapsin [Syn(-)], a synaptic protein important for vesicle clustering, neurodevelopment, and plasticity. We found that budding of new boutons at Syn(-) NMJs was significantly diminished, and that new boutons in Syn(-) preparations were smaller and had reduced synaptic vesicle density. Since synapsin is a target of protein kinase A (PKA), we assayed whether activity-dependent synaptic growth is regulated via a cAMP/PKA/synapsin pathway. We pretreated preparations with forskolin to raise cAMP levels and found this manipulation significantly enhanced activity-dependent synaptic growth in control but not Syn(-) preparations. To examine the trafficking of synapsin during synaptic growth, we generated transgenic animals expressing fluorescently tagged synapsin. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis revealed that patterned depolarization promoted synapsin movement between boutons. During new synaptic bouton formation, synapsin redistributed upon stimulation toward the sites of varicosity outgrowth. These findings support a model whereby synapsin accumulates at sites of synaptic growth and facilitates budding of new boutons via a cAMP/PKA-dependent pathway.
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160
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Sandström von Tobel J, Zoia D, Althaus J, Antinori P, Mermoud J, Pak HS, Scherl A, Monnet-Tschudi F. Immediate and delayed effects of subchronic Paraquat exposure during an early differentiation stage in 3D-rat brain cell cultures. Toxicol Lett 2014; 230:188-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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161
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Association of GABRA6 1519 T>C (rs3219151) and Synapsin II (rs37733634) gene polymorphisms with the development of idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2014; 108:1267-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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162
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Steinkellner T, Mus L, Eisenrauch B, Constantinescu A, Leo D, Konrad L, Rickhag M, Sørensen G, Efimova EV, Kong E, Willeit M, Sotnikova TD, Kudlacek O, Gether U, Freissmuth M, Pollak DD, Gainetdinov RR, Sitte HH. In vivo amphetamine action is contingent on αCaMKII. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:2681-93. [PMID: 24871545 PMCID: PMC4207348 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Addiction to psychostimulants (ie, amphetamines and cocaine) imposes a major socioeconomic burden. Prevention and treatment represent unmet medical needs, which may be addressed, if the mechanisms underlying psychostimulant action are understood. Cocaine acts as a blocker at the transporters for dopamine (DAT), serotonin (SERT), and norepinephrine (NET), but amphetamines are substrates that do not only block the uptake of monoamines but also induce substrate efflux by promoting reverse transport. Reverse transport has been a focus of research for decades but its mechanistic basis still remains enigmatic. Recently, transporter-interacting proteins were found to regulate amphetamine-triggered reverse transport: calmodulin kinase IIα (αCaMKII) is a prominent example, because it binds the carboxyl terminus of DAT, phosphorylates its amino terminus, and supports amphetamine-induced substrate efflux in vitro. Here, we investigated whether, in vivo, the action of amphetamine was contingent on the presence of αCaMKII by recording the behavioral and neurochemical effects of amphetamine. Measurement of dopamine efflux in the dorsal striatum by microdialysis revealed that amphetamine induced less dopamine efflux in mice lacking αCaMKII. Consistent with this observation, the acute locomotor responses to amphetamine were also significantly blunted in αCaMKII-deficient mice. In addition, while the rewarding properties of amphetamine were preserved in αCaMKII-deficient mice, their behavioral sensitization to amphetamine was markedly reduced. Our findings demonstrate that amphetamine requires the presence of αCaMKII to elicit a full-fledged effect on DAT in vivo: αCaMKII does not only support acute amphetamine-induced dopamine efflux but is also important in shaping the chronic response to amphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Steinkellner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for
Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Strasse,
Vienna, Austria
| | - Liudmilla Mus
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain
Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego,
Genova, Italy,Department of Psychopharmacology,
Institute of Pharmacology, Pavlov Medical University, St
Petersburg, Russia
| | - Birgit Eisenrauch
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for
Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Strasse,
Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreea Constantinescu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for
Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Strasse,
Vienna, Austria
| | - Damiana Leo
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain
Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego,
Genova, Italy
| | - Lisa Konrad
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for
Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Strasse,
Vienna, Austria
| | - Mattias Rickhag
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics
Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and
Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen,
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Sørensen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics
Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and
Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen,
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Evgenia V Efimova
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and
Technology (Skoltech), Skolkovo, Moscow,
Russia
| | - Eryan Kong
- Department of Neurophysiology and
Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University
Vienna, Waehringer Strasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthäus Willeit
- Department of Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel,
Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatyana D Sotnikova
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain
Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego,
Genova, Italy
| | - Oliver Kudlacek
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for
Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Strasse,
Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics
Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and
Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen,
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Freissmuth
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for
Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Strasse,
Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela D Pollak
- Department of Neurophysiology and
Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University
Vienna, Waehringer Strasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain
Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego,
Genova, Italy,Skolkovo Institute of Science and
Technology (Skoltech), Skolkovo, Moscow,
Russia,Faculty of Biology and Soil Science, St
Petersburg State University, St Petersburg,
Russia
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for
Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Strasse,
Vienna, Austria,Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and
Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 13A,
Vienna
1090, Austria, Tel: +43 1 40160 31323, Fax: +43 1
40160 931300, E-mail:
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163
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Revest JM, Le Roux A, Roullot-Lacarrière V, Kaouane N, Vallée M, Kasanetz F, Rougé-Pont F, Tronche F, Desmedt A, Piazza PV. BDNF-TrkB signaling through Erk1/2 MAPK phosphorylation mediates the enhancement of fear memory induced by glucocorticoids. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:1001-9. [PMID: 24126929 PMCID: PMC4195976 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Activation of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) by glucocorticoid hormones (GC) enhances contextual fear memories through the activation of the Erk1/2(MAPK) signaling pathway. However, the molecular mechanism mediating this effect of GC remains unknown. Here we used complementary molecular and behavioral approaches in mice and rats and in genetically modified mice in which the GR was conditionally deleted (GR(NesCre)). We identified the tPA-BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway as the upstream molecular effectors of GR-mediated phosphorylation of Erk1/2(MAPK) responsible for the enhancement of contextual fear memory. These findings complete our knowledge of the molecular cascade through which GC enhance contextual fear memory and highlight the role of tPA-BDNF-TrkB-Erk1/2(MAPK) signaling pathways as one of the core effectors of stress-related effects of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Revest
- INSERM U862, Neurocentre Magendie, Pathophysiology of Addiction, Bordeaux, France,Pathophysiology of Neuronal Plasticity, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,Pathophysiology of Addiction, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM-U862, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux F-33077, France. E-mail:
| | - A Le Roux
- INSERM U862, Neurocentre Magendie, Pathophysiology of Addiction, Bordeaux, France,Pathophysiology of Neuronal Plasticity, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - V Roullot-Lacarrière
- INSERM U862, Neurocentre Magendie, Pathophysiology of Addiction, Bordeaux, France,Pathophysiology of Neuronal Plasticity, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - N Kaouane
- Pathophysiology of Neuronal Plasticity, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,INSERM U862, Neurocentre Magendie, Pathophysiology of Declarative Memory, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Vallée
- INSERM U862, Neurocentre Magendie, Pathophysiology of Addiction, Bordeaux, France,Pathophysiology of Neuronal Plasticity, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - F Kasanetz
- INSERM U862, Neurocentre Magendie, Pathophysiology of Addiction, Bordeaux, France,Pathophysiology of Neuronal Plasticity, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - F Rougé-Pont
- INSERM U862, Neurocentre Magendie, Pathophysiology of Addiction, Bordeaux, France,Pathophysiology of Neuronal Plasticity, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - F Tronche
- CNRS UMR7224, UPMC Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Molecular Genetics, Neurophysiology and Behavior, Paris, France
| | - A Desmedt
- Pathophysiology of Neuronal Plasticity, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,INSERM U862, Neurocentre Magendie, Pathophysiology of Declarative Memory, Bordeaux, France
| | - P V Piazza
- INSERM U862, Neurocentre Magendie, Pathophysiology of Addiction, Bordeaux, France,Pathophysiology of Neuronal Plasticity, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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164
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Sui P, Watanabe H, Ossipov MH, Bakalkin G, Artemenko K, Bergquist J. Proteomics of Neuropathic Pain: Proteins and Signaling Pathways Affected in a Rat Model. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3957-65. [DOI: 10.1021/pr500241q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael H. Ossipov
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, 1501
North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
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165
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Chen CK, Bregere C, Paluch J, Lu J, Dickman DK, Chang KT. Activity-dependent facilitation of Synaptojanin and synaptic vesicle recycling by the Minibrain kinase. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4246. [PMID: 24977345 PMCID: PMC4183159 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation has emerged as a crucial regulatory mechanism in the nervous system to integrate the dynamic signalling required for proper synaptic development, function and plasticity, particularly during changes in neuronal activity. Here we present evidence that Minibrain (Mnb; also known as Dyrk1A), a serine/threonine kinase implicated in autism spectrum disorder and Down syndrome, is required presynaptically for normal synaptic growth and rapid synaptic vesicle endocytosis at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ). We find that Mnb-dependent phosphorylation of Synaptojanin (Synj) is required, in vivo, for complex endocytic protein interactions and to enhance Synj activity. Neuronal stimulation drives Mnb mobilization to endocytic zones and triggers Mnb-dependent phosphorylation of Synj. Our data identify Mnb as a synaptic kinase that promotes efficient synaptic vesicle recycling by dynamically calibrating Synj function at the Drosophila NMJ, and in turn endocytic capacity, to adapt to conditions of high synaptic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Kan Chen
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA 90089
- Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA 90089
| | - Catherine Bregere
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA 90089
| | - Jeremy Paluch
- Dept. of Neurobiology, University of Southern California, CA 90089
| | - Jason Lu
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA 90089
| | - Dion K. Dickman
- Dept. of Neurobiology, University of Southern California, CA 90089
| | - Karen T. Chang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA 90089
- Dept. of Cell & Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA 90089
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166
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Zhu S, Wang J, Zhang Y, Li V, Kong J, He J, Li XM. Unpredictable chronic mild stress induces anxiety and depression-like behaviors and inactivates AMP-activated protein kinase in mice. Brain Res 2014; 1576:81-90. [PMID: 24971831 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model was developed based upon the stress-diathesis hypothesis of depression. Most effects of UCMS can be reversed by antidepressants, demonstrating a strong predictive validity of this model for depression. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects induced by UCMS remain incompletely understood. Increasing evidence has shown that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates intracellular energy metabolism and is especially important for neurons because neurons are known to have small energy reserves. Abnormalities in the AMPK pathway disturb normal brain functions and synaptic integrity. In the present study, we first investigated the effects of UCMS on a battery of different tests measuring anxiety and depression-like behaviors in female C57BL/6N mice after 4 weeks of UCMS exposure. Stressed mice showed suppressed body weight gain, heightened anxiety, and increased immobility in the forced swim and tail suspension tests. These results are representative of some of the core symptoms of depression. Simultaneously, we observed decrease of synaptic proteins in the cortex of mice subjected to UCMS, which is associated with decreased levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase). Our findings suggest that AMPKα inactivation might be a mechanism by which UCMS causes anxiety/depression-like behaviors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Junhui Wang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Victor Li
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jiming Kong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jue He
- First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xin-Min Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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167
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Cadet JL, Brannock C, Jayanthi S, Krasnova IN. Transcriptional and epigenetic substrates of methamphetamine addiction and withdrawal: evidence from a long-access self-administration model in the rat. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:696-717. [PMID: 24939695 PMCID: PMC4359351 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine use disorder is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent binge episodes, intervals of abstinence, and relapses to drug use. Humans addicted to methamphetamine experience various degrees of cognitive deficits and other neurological abnormalities that complicate their activities of daily living and their participation in treatment programs. Importantly, models of methamphetamine addiction in rodents have shown that animals will readily learn to give themselves methamphetamine. Rats also accelerate their intake over time. Microarray studies have also shown that methamphetamine taking is associated with major transcriptional changes in the striatum measured within a short or longer time after cessation of drug taking. After a 2-h withdrawal time, there was increased expression of genes that participate in transcription regulation. These included cyclic AMP response element binding (CREB), ETS domain-containing protein (ELK1), and members of the FOS family of transcription factors. Other genes of interest include brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine kinase receptor, type 2 (TrkB), and synaptophysin. Methamphetamine-induced transcription was found to be regulated via phosphorylated CREB-dependent events. After a 30-day withdrawal from methamphetamine self-administration, however, there was mostly decreased expression of transcription factors including junD. There was also downregulation of genes whose protein products are constituents of chromatin-remodeling complexes. Altogether, these genome-wide results show that methamphetamine abuse might be associated with altered regulation of a diversity of gene networks that impact cellular and synaptic functions. These transcriptional changes might serve as triggers for the neuropsychiatric presentations of humans who abuse this drug. Better understanding of the way that gene products interact to cause methamphetamine addiction will help to develop better pharmacological treatment of methamphetamine addicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA,
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168
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Matsumoto JPP, Almeida MG, Castilho-Martins EA, Costa MA, Fior-Chadi DR. Protein kinase A mediates adenosine A2a receptor modulation of neurotransmitter release via synapsin I phosphorylation in cultured cells from medulla oblongata. Neurosci Res 2014; 85:1-11. [PMID: 24912137 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic transmission is an essential process for neuron physiology. Such process is enabled in part due to modulation of neurotransmitter release. Adenosine is a synaptic modulator of neurotransmitter release in the Central Nervous System, including neurons of medulla oblongata, where several nuclei are involved with neurovegetative reflexes. Adenosine modulates different neurotransmitter systems in medulla oblongata, specially glutamate and noradrenaline in the nucleus tractussolitarii, which are involved in hypotensive responses. However, the intracellular mechanisms involved in this modulation remain unknown. The adenosine A2a receptor modulates neurotransmitter release by activating two cAMP protein effectors, the protein kinase A and the exchange protein activated by cAMP. Therefore, an in vitro approach (cultured cells) was carried out to evaluate modulation of neurotransmission by adenosine A2a receptor and the signaling intracellular pathway involved. Results show that the adenosine A2a receptor agonist, CGS 21680, increases neurotransmitter release, in particular, glutamate and noradrenaline and such response is mediated by protein kinase A activation, which in turn increased synapsin I phosphorylation. This suggests a mechanism of A2aR modulation of neurotransmitter release in cultured cells from medulla oblongata of Wistar rats and suggest that protein kinase A mediates this modulation of neurotransmitter release via synapsin I phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Gomes Almeida
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maisa Aparecida Costa
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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169
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Cirnaru MD, Marte A, Belluzzi E, Russo I, Gabrielli M, Longo F, Arcuri L, Murru L, Bubacco L, Matteoli M, Fedele E, Sala C, Passafaro M, Morari M, Greggio E, Onofri F, Piccoli G. LRRK2 kinase activity regulates synaptic vesicle trafficking and neurotransmitter release through modulation of LRRK2 macro-molecular complex. Front Mol Neurosci 2014; 7:49. [PMID: 24904275 PMCID: PMC4034499 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2014.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2) are associated with familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 is a complex protein that consists of multiple domains executing several functions, including GTP hydrolysis, kinase activity, and protein binding. Robust evidence suggests that LRRK2 acts at the synaptic site as a molecular hub connecting synaptic vesicles to cytoskeletal elements via a complex panel of protein-protein interactions. Here we investigated the impact of pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity on synaptic function. Acute treatment with LRRK2 inhibitors reduced the frequency of spontaneous currents, the rate of synaptic vesicle trafficking and the release of neurotransmitter from isolated synaptosomes. The investigation of complementary models lacking LRRK2 expression allowed us to exclude potential off-side effects of kinase inhibitors on synaptic functions. Next we studied whether kinase inhibition affects LRRK2 heterologous interactions. We found that the binding among LRRK2, presynaptic proteins and synaptic vesicles is affected by kinase inhibition. Our results suggest that LRRK2 kinase activity influences synaptic vesicle release via modulation of LRRK2 macro-molecular complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Cirnaru
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University Milan, Italy ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Marte
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Belluzzi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova Padova, Italy
| | - Isabella Russo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Gabrielli
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute Milan, Italy ; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Longo
- Department of Medical Science and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ludovico Arcuri
- Department of Medical Science and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Murru
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan Milan, Italy ; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Pharmacology and Brain Pathology Rozzano, Italy
| | - Ernesto Fedele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Sala
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute Milan, Italy ; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Passafaro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Medical Science and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Greggio
- Department of Biology, University of Padova Padova, Italy
| | - Franco Onofri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University Milan, Italy ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute Milan, Italy
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170
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Effects of curcumin on chronic, unpredictable, mild, stress-induced depressive-like behaviour and structural plasticity in the lateral amygdala of rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 17:793-806. [PMID: 24405689 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145713001661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a neuropsychiatric disease associated with wide ranging disruptions in neuronal plasticity throughout the brain. Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound of curcuma loga, has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of depressive-like disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant-like effects of curcumin in a rat model of chronic, unpredictable, mild, stress (CUMS) -induced depression. The results showed that CUMS produced depressive-like behaviours in rats, which were associated with ultra-structural changes in neurons within the lateral amygdala (LA). In addition, the expression of synapse-associated proteins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), PSD-95 and synaptophysin were significantly decreased in the LA of CUMS-treated rats. Chronic administration of curcumin (40 mg/kg, i.p. 6 wk) before stress exposure significantly prevented these neuronal and biochemical alterations induced by CUMS, and suppressed depressive-like behaviours, suggesting that this neuronal dysregulation may be related to the depressive-like behaviours caused by CUMS. Together with our previous results, the current findings demonstrate that curcumin exhibits neuroprotection and antidepressant-like effects in the CUMS-induced depression model. Furthermore, this antidepressant-like action of curcumin appears to be mediated by modulating synapse-associated proteins within the LA. These findings provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms leading to neural dysfunction in depression and reveal the therapeutic potential for curcumin use in clinical trials.
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171
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Kuppuswamy U, Ananthasubramanian S, Wang Y, Balakrishnan N, Ganapathiraju MK. Predicting gene ontology annotations of orphan GWAS genes using protein-protein interactions. Algorithms Mol Biol 2014; 9:10. [PMID: 24708602 PMCID: PMC4124845 DOI: 10.1186/1748-7188-9-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has increased rapidly in the
past couple of years, resulting in the identification of genes associated with
different diseases. The next step in translating these findings into biomedically
useful information is to find out the mechanism of the action of these genes.
However, GWAS studies often implicate genes whose functions are currently unknown;
for example, MYEOV, ANKLE1, TMEM45B and ORAOV1 are found to be associated with
breast cancer, but their molecular function is unknown. Results We carried out Bayesian inference of Gene Ontology (GO) term annotations of genes
by employing the directed acyclic graph structure of GO and the network of
protein-protein interactions (PPIs). The approach is designed based on the fact
that two proteins that interact biophysically would be in physical proximity of
each other, would possess complementary molecular function, and play role in
related biological processes. Predicted GO terms were ranked according to their
relative association scores and the approach was evaluated quantitatively by
plotting the precision versus recall values and F-scores (the harmonic mean of
precision and recall) versus varying thresholds. Precisions of ~58%
and ~ 40% for localization and functions respectively of proteins were
determined at a threshold of ~30 (top 30 GO terms in the ranked list). Comparison
with function prediction based on semantic similarity among nodes in an ontology
and incorporation of those similarities in a k-nearest neighbor classifier
confirmed that our results compared favorably. Conclusions This approach was applied to predict the cellular component and molecular function
GO terms of all human proteins that have interacting partners possessing at least
one known GO annotation. The list of predictions is available at
http://severus.dbmi.pitt.edu/engo/GOPRED.html. We present the
algorithm, evaluations and the results of the computational predictions,
especially for genes identified in GWAS studies to be associated with diseases,
which are of translational interest.
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172
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Treccani G, Musazzi L, Perego C, Milanese M, Nava N, Bonifacino T, Lamanna J, Malgaroli A, Drago F, Racagni G, Nyengaard JR, Wegener G, Bonanno G, Popoli M. Stress and corticosterone increase the readily releasable pool of glutamate vesicles in synaptic terminals of prefrontal and frontal cortex. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:433-43. [PMID: 24535456 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stress and glucocorticoids alter glutamatergic transmission, and the outcome of stress may range from plasticity enhancing effects to noxious, maladaptive changes. We have previously demonstrated that acute stress rapidly increases glutamate release in prefrontal and frontal cortex via glucocorticoid receptor and accumulation of presynaptic SNARE complex. Here we compared the ex vivo effects of acute stress on glutamate release with those of in vitro application of corticosterone, to analyze whether acute effect of stress on glutamatergic transmission is mediated by local synaptic action of corticosterone. We found that acute stress increases both the readily releasable pool (RRP) of vesicles and depolarization-evoked glutamate release, while application in vitro of corticosterone rapidly increases the RRP, an effect dependent on synaptic receptors for the hormone, but does not induce glutamate release for up to 20 min. These findings indicate that corticosterone mediates the enhancement of glutamate release induced by acute stress, and the rapid non-genomic action of the hormone is necessary but not sufficient for this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Treccani
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics-Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and CEND, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - L Musazzi
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics-Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and CEND, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - C Perego
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology-Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - M Milanese
- Department of Pharmacy-Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - N Nava
- 1] Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark [2] Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T Bonifacino
- Department of Pharmacy-Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - J Lamanna
- Neurobiology of Learning Unit, Scientific Institute San Raffaele and Università Vita e Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - A Malgaroli
- Neurobiology of Learning Unit, Scientific Institute San Raffaele and Università Vita e Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - F Drago
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Racagni
- 1] Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics-Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and CEND, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy [2] IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - J R Nyengaard
- Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - G Wegener
- 1] Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark [2] Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - G Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy-Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - M Popoli
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics-Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and CEND, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
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173
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Jayachandran R, Liu X, BoseDasgupta S, Müller P, Zhang CL, Moshous D, Studer V, Schneider J, Genoud C, Fossoud C, Gambino F, Khelfaoui M, Müller C, Bartholdi D, Rossez H, Stiess M, Houbaert X, Jaussi R, Frey D, Kammerer RA, Deupi X, de Villartay JP, Lüthi A, Humeau Y, Pieters J. Coronin 1 regulates cognition and behavior through modulation of cAMP/protein kinase A signaling. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1001820. [PMID: 24667537 PMCID: PMC3965382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved protein coronin 1 is needed for activating the cyclic AMP signaling pathway in the brain and is important for cognition and behavior. Cognitive and behavioral disorders are thought to be a result of neuronal dysfunction, but the underlying molecular defects remain largely unknown. An important signaling pathway involved in the regulation of neuronal function is the cyclic AMP/Protein kinase A pathway. We here show an essential role for coronin 1, which is encoded in a genomic region associated with neurobehavioral dysfunction, in the modulation of cyclic AMP/PKA signaling. We found that coronin 1 is specifically expressed in excitatory but not inhibitory neurons and that coronin 1 deficiency results in loss of excitatory synapses and severe neurobehavioral disabilities, including reduced anxiety, social deficits, increased aggression, and learning defects. Electrophysiological analysis of excitatory synaptic transmission in amygdala revealed that coronin 1 was essential for cyclic–AMP–protein kinase A–dependent presynaptic plasticity. We further show that upon cell surface stimulation, coronin 1 interacted with the G protein subtype Gαs to stimulate the cAMP/PKA pathway. The absence of coronin 1 or expression of coronin 1 mutants unable to interact with Gαs resulted in a marked reduction in cAMP signaling. Strikingly, synaptic plasticity and behavioral defects of coronin 1–deficient mice were restored by in vivo infusion of a membrane-permeable cAMP analogue. Together these results identify coronin 1 as being important for cognition and behavior through its activity in promoting cAMP/PKA-dependent synaptic plasticity and may open novel avenues for the dissection of signal transduction pathways involved in neurobehavioral processes. Memory and behavior depend on the proper transduction of signals in the brain, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Coronin 1 is a member of a highly conserved family of proteins, and although its gene lies in a chromosome region associated with neurobehavioral dysfunction in mice and men, it has never been directly ascribed a specific function in the brain. Here we show that coronin 1 plays an important role in cognition and behavior by regulating the cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling pathway. We find that when cell surface receptors are activated, coronin 1 stimulates cAMP production and activation of protein kinase A. Coronin 1 deficiency resulted in severe functional defects at excitatory synapses. Furthermore, in both mice and humans, deletion or mutation of coronin 1 causes severe neurobehavioral defects, including social deficits, increased aggression, and learning disabilities. Strikingly, treatment with a membrane-permeable analogue of cAMP restored synaptic plasticity and behavioral defects in mice lacking coronin 1. Together this work not only shows a critical role for coronin 1 in neurobehavior but also defines a role for the coronin family in regulating the transmission of signals within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Chun-Lei Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Vera Studer
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Schneider
- Department of Radiology, University Children Hospital, UKBB, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christel Genoud
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Friedrich Miescher Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Malik Khelfaoui
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Xander Houbaert
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rolf Jaussi
- Biomolecular Research Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Frey
- Biomolecular Research Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Richard A. Kammerer
- Biomolecular Research Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Deupi
- Biomolecular Research Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
- Condensed Matter Theory, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Yann Humeau
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail: (Y.H.); (J.P.)
| | - Jean Pieters
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (Y.H.); (J.P.)
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174
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Dagar S, Nagar S, Goel M, Cherukuri P, Dhingra NK. Loss of photoreceptors results in upregulation of synaptic proteins in bipolar cells and amacrine cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90250. [PMID: 24595229 PMCID: PMC3942420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Deafferentation is known to cause significant changes in the postsynaptic neurons in the central nervous system. Loss of photoreceptors, for instance, results in remarkable morphological and physiological changes in bipolar cells and horizontal cells. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which send visual information to the brain, are relatively preserved, but show aberrant firing patterns, including spontaneous bursts of spikes in the absence of photoreceptors. To understand how loss of photoreceptors affects the circuitry presynaptic to the ganglion cells, we measured specific synaptic proteins in two mouse models of retinal degeneration. We found that despite the nearly total loss of photoreceptors, the synaptophysin protein and mRNA levels in retina were largely unaltered. Interestingly, the levels of synaptophysin in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) were higher, implying that photoreceptor loss results in increased synaptophysin in bipolar and/or amacrine cells. The levels of SV2B, a synaptic protein expressed by photoreceptors and bipolar cells, were reduced in whole retina, but increased in the IPL of rd1 mouse. Similarly, the levels of syntaxin-I and synapsin-I, synaptic proteins expressed selectively by amacrine cells, were higher after loss of photoreceptors. The upregulation of syntaxin-I was evident as early as one day after the onset of photoreceptor loss, suggesting that it did not require any massive or structural remodeling, and therefore is possibly reversible. Together, these data show that loss of photoreceptors results in increased synaptic protein levels in bipolar and amacrine cells. Combined with previous reports of increased excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents in RGCs, these results provide clues to understand the mechanism underlying the aberrant spiking in RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Dagar
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar (Gurgaon) Haryana, India
| | - Saumya Nagar
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar (Gurgaon) Haryana, India
| | - Manvi Goel
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar (Gurgaon) Haryana, India
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175
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Rotfeld H, Hillman P, Ickowicz D, Breitbart H. PKA and CaMKII mediate PI3K activation in bovine sperm by inhibition of the PKC/PP1 cascade. Reproduction 2014; 147:347-56. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To enable fertilization, spermatozoa must undergo several biochemical processes in the female reproductive tract, collectively called capacitation. These processes involve protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent protein tyrosine phosphorylation including phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K). It is not known how PKA, a serine/threonine (S/T) kinase, mediates tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins. We recently showed that inhibition of S/T phosphatase 1 (PP1) causes a significant increase in phospho-PI3K. In this study, we propose a mechanism by which PKA and PP1 mediate an increase in PI3K tyrosine phosphorylation and implicate calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) in this process. Inhibition of sperm PP1 or PKC, stimulated CaMKII phosphorylation/activation, and inhibition of PKC enhanced PP1 phosphorylation/inactivation. Inhibition of CaMKII, using KN-93, caused significant reduction in phospho-PP1, indicating its activation. Moreover, KN-93 prevented the dephosphorylation/inactivation of PKC. We therefore suggest that CaMKII inhibits PKC, leading to PP1 inhibition and the reciprocal auto-activation of CaMKII. Thus, CaMKII can regulate its own activation by inhibiting the PKC/PP1 cascade. Inhibition of Src family kinases (SFK) caused significant inhibition of CaMKII and PP1 phosphorylation, suggesting that SFK activity results in PP1 inhibition and CaMKII activation. Activation of sperm PKA by 8Br-cAMP revealed an increase in phospho-CaMKII, which was inhibited by PKA inhibitor. Tyrosine phosphorylation of PI3K was stimulated by 8Br-cAMP and by PKC or PP1 inhibition and was abrogated by CaMKII inhibition. Furthermore, phosphorylation/activation of the tyrosine kinase Pyk2 was enhanced by PP1 inhibition, and this activation is blocked by CaMKII inhibition. Thus, PKA activates Src, which inhibits PP1, leading to CaMKII and Pyk2 activation, resulting in PI3K tyrosine phosphorylation/activation.
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Yu WJ, Li NN, Tan EK, Cheng L, Zhang JH, Mao XY, Chang XL, Zhao DM, Liao Q, Peng R. No association of four candidate genetic variants in MnSOD and SYNIII with Parkinson's disease in two Chinese populations. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88050. [PMID: 24586301 PMCID: PMC3935830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene, which encodes a chief reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzyme, has been reported to be associated with the risk of developing sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) in some Asian races and the synapsin III (SYN3) gene with some neuropsychiatric diseases. Objective: To explore the associations between the MnSOD and SYN III variations and PD in two Chinese populations from mainland China and Singapore. Methods We recruited 2342 subjects including 1200 sporadic PD patients and 1142 healthy controls from two independent Asian countries. Using a case-control methodology, we genotyped the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in MnSOD (rs4880) and SYN III (rs3788470, rs3827336, rs5998557) to explore the associations with risk of PD. Results The results showed the genotype distributions and minor allele frequencies (MAF) of MnSOD (rs4880) and SYN III (rs3788470, rs3827336, rs5998557) were not significantly different between PD patients and healthy controls in mainland China and Singapore, as well as in merged populations. Conclusions The variations of MnSOD (rs4880) and SYN III (rs3788470, rs3827336, rs5998557) were not major risk factors for PD among Chinese, at least in our study populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Juan Yu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Nan Nan Li
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Eng King Tan
- Duke–NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Jin Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wangjiang Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Xue Ye Mao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Xue Li Chang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Dong Mei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Qiao Liao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Rong Peng
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Zhang YF, Xiong TQ, Tan BH, Song Y, Li SL, Yang LB, Li YC. Pilocarpine-induced epilepsy is associated with actin cytoskeleton reorganization in the mossy fiber-CA3 synapses. Epilepsy Res 2014; 108:379-89. [PMID: 24559838 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dramatic structural changes have been demonstrated in the mossy fiber-CA3 synapses in the post status epilepticus (SE) animals, suggesting a potential reorganization of filamentous actin (F-actin) network occurring in the hippocampus. However, until now the long-term effects of SE on the synaptic F-actin have still not been reported. In this study, phalloidin labeling combined with confocal microscopy and protein analyses were adopted to investigate the effects of pilocarpine treatment on the F-actin in the C57BL/6 mice. As compared to the controls, there was ∼ 43% reduction in F-actin density in the post SE mice. Quantitative analysis showed that the labeling density and the puncta number were significantly decreased after pilocarpine treatment (p<0.01, n=5 mice per group, Student's t-test). The puncta of F-actin in the post SE group tended to be highly clustered, while those in the controls were generally distributed evenly. The mean puncta size of F-actin puncta was 0.73±0.19μm(2) (n=1102 puncta from 5 SE mice) in the experimental group, significantly larger than that in the controls (0.51±0.10μm(2), n=1983 puncta from 5 aged-matched control mice, p<0.01, Student's t-test). These observations were well consistent with the alterations of postsynaptic densities in the same region, revealed by immunostaining of PSD95, suggesting the reorganization of F-actin occurred mainly postsynaptically. Our results are indicative of important cytoskeletal changes in the mossy fiber-CA3 synapses after pilocarpine treatment, which may contribute to the excessive excitatory output in the hippocampal trisynaptic circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Feng Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China; Pediatric Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Tian-Qing Xiong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Bai-Hong Tan
- Laboratory Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Yan Song
- Nursing College, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin Province 132013, PR China
| | - Shu-Lei Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Li-Bin Yang
- Pediatric Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Yan-Chao Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China.
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178
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Hung KL, Wang SJ, Wang YC, Chiang TR, Wang CC. Upregulation of presynaptic proteins and protein kinases associated with enhanced glutamate release from axonal terminals (synaptosomes) of the medial prefrontal cortex in rats with neuropathic pain. Pain 2014; 155:377-387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Park HJ, Kim SK, Kang WS, Chung JH, Kim JW. Increased activation of synapsin 1 and mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the amygdala of maternal separation rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 20:172-81. [PMID: 24279756 PMCID: PMC6493014 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life stress (ELS) causes alterations in emotionality and anxiety levels as a significant risk factor for psychiatric problems, and these alterations have been associated with amygdala activity. AIMS To elucidate the molecular mechanism on the development of psychiatric problems following ELS, we identified the alteration of molecules in the amygdala using maternal separation (MS; pnd 14-21) rats through gene expression and DNA methylation microarray analysis, and studied the involvement of candidate genes using a Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS Through a microarray analysis, in the amygdala of MS rats, we found a downregulation of mRNA expression of synapsin 1 (Syn1) gene with hypermethylation of its transcription start site (TSS), and the alterations of mRNA expressions of Syn1 activation-related kinase genes including mitogen-activated protein kinases (Mapks) with change of their TSS methylation. In addition, MS increased not only Syn1 phosphorylation at the phosphorylation sites by Mapk/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), but also Mapk/Erk phosphorylation in the amygdala. Furthermore, double immunofluorescence staining showed that MS could elevate phospho-Mapk/Erk immunoreactivity (IR) in Syn1-expression puncta. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that the activation of Mapk/Erk and Syn1 may be a key mechanism modulating synaptic neurotransmition in the amygdala of MS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Jeong Park
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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180
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Bui L, Glavinović MI. Synaptic activity slows vesicular replenishment at excitatory synapses of rat hippocampus. Cogn Neurodyn 2014; 7:105-20. [PMID: 24427195 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-012-9232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term synaptic depression mainly reflects the depletion of the readily releasable pool (RRP) of quanta. Its dynamics, and especially the replenishment rate of the RRP, are still not well characterized in spite of decades of investigation. Main reason is that the vesicular storage and release system is treated as time-independent. If it is time-dependent all parameters thus estimated become problematic. Indeed the reports about how prolonged stimulation affects the dynamics are contradictory. To study this, we used patterned stimulation on the Schaeffer collateral fiber pathway and model-fitting of the excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSC) recorded from CA1 neurons in rat hippocampal slices. The parameters of a vesicular storage and release model with two pools were estimated by minimizing the squared difference between the ESPC amplitudes and simulated model output. This yields the 'basic' parameters (release coupling, replenishment coupling and RRP size) that underlie the 'derived' and commonly used parameters (fractional release and replenishment rate). The fractional release increases when [Ca(++)]o is raised, whereas the replenishment rate is [Ca(++)]o independent. Fractional release rises because release coupling increases, and the RRP becomes less able to contain quanta. During prolonged stimulation, the fractional release remains generally unaltered, whereas the replenishment rate decreases down to ~10 % of its initial value with a decay time of ~15 s, and this decrease in the replenishment rate significantly contributes to synaptic depression. In conclusion, the fractional release is [Ca(++)]o-dependent and stimulation-independent, whereas the replenishment rate is [Ca(++)]o-independent and stimulation-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loc Bui
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Sir William Osler Promenade, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - Mladen I Glavinović
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Sir William Osler Promenade, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada
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181
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Sun WL, Coleman NT, Zelek-Molik A, Barry SM, Whitfield TW, McGinty JF. Relapse to cocaine-seeking after abstinence is regulated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A in the prefrontal cortex. Addict Biol 2014; 19:77-86. [PMID: 23461423 PMCID: PMC4110897 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstinence from cocaine self-administration (SA) is associated with neuroadaptations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) that are implicated in cocaine-induced neuronal plasticity and relapse to drug-seeking. Alterations in cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signaling are prominent in medium spiny neurons in the NAc after repeated cocaine exposure but it is unknown whether similar changes occur in the PFC. Because cocaine SA induces disturbances in glutamatergic transmission in the PFC-NAc pathway, we examined whether dysregulation of PKA-mediated molecular targets in PFC-NAc neurons occurs during abstinence and, if so, whether it contributes to cocaine-seeking. We measured the phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (Ser133) and GluA1 (Ser845) in the dorsomedial (dm) PFC and the presynaptic marker, synapsin I (Ser9, Ser62/67, Ser603), in the NAc after 7 days of abstinence from cocaine SA with or without cue-induced cocaine-seeking. We also evaluated whether infusion of the PKA inhibitor, 8-bromo-Rp-cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphorothioate (Rp-cAMPs), into the dmPFC after abstinence would affect cue-induced cocaine-seeking and PKA-regulated phosphoprotein levels. Seven days of forced abstinence increased the phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein and GluA1 in the dmPFC and synapsin I (Ser9) in the NAc. Induction of these phosphoproteins was reversed by a cue-induced relapse test of cocaine-seeking. Bilateral intra-dmPFC Rp-cAMPs rescued abstinence-elevated PKA-mediated phosphoprotein levels in the dmPFC and NAc and suppressed cue-induced relapse. Thus, by inhibiting abstinence-induced PKA molecular targets, relapse reverses abstinence-induced neuroadaptations in the dmPFC that are responsible, in part, for the expression of cue-induced cocaine-seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Sun
- Dept. of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | | | | | - Sarah M. Barry
- Dept. of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Timothy W. Whitfield
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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182
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Vasileva M, Renden R, Horstmann H, Gitler D, Kuner T. Overexpression of synapsin Ia in the rat calyx of Held accelerates short-term plasticity and decreases synaptic vesicle volume and active zone area. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:270. [PMID: 24391547 PMCID: PMC3868894 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Synapsins are synaptic vesicle (SV) proteins organizing a component of the reserve pool of vesicles at most central nervous system synapses. Alternative splicing of the three mammalian genes results in multiple isoforms that may differentially contribute to the organization and maintenance of the SV pools. To address this, we first characterized the expression pattern of synapsin isoforms in the rat calyx of Held. At postnatal day 16, synapsins Ia, Ib, IIb and IIIa were present, while IIa-known to sustain repetitive transmission in glutamatergic terminals-was not detectable. To test if the synapsin I isoforms could mediate IIa-like effect, and if this depends on the presence of the E-domain, we overexpressed either synapsin Ia or synapsin Ib in the rat calyx of Held via recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer. Although the size and overall structure of the perturbed calyces remained unchanged, short-term depression and recovery from depression were accelerated upon overexpression of synapsin I isoforms. Using electron microscopic three-dimensional reconstructions we found a redistribution of SV clusters proximal to the active zones (AZ) alongside with a decrease of both AZ area and SV volume. The number of SVs at individual AZs was strongly reduced. Hence, our data indicate that the amount of synapsin Ia expressed in the calyx regulates the rate and extent of short-term synaptic plasticity by affecting vesicle recruitment to the AZ. Finally, our study reveals a novel contribution of synapsin Ia to define the surface area of AZs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Vasileva
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Renden
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz Horstmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Gitler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Thomas Kuner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University Heidelberg, Germany
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183
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Synapsin function in GABA-ergic interneurons is required for short-term olfactory habituation. J Neurosci 2013; 33:16576-85. [PMID: 24133261 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3142-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In Drosophila, short-term (STH) and long-term habituation (LTH) of olfactory avoidance behavior are believed to arise from the selective potentiation of GABAergic synapses between multiglomerular local circuit interneurons (LNs) and projection neurons in the antennal lobe. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we show that synapsin (syn) function is necessary for STH and that syn(97)-null mutant defects in STH can be rescued by syn(+) cDNA expression solely in the LN1 subset of GABAergic local interneurons. As synapsin is a synaptic vesicle-clustering phosphoprotein, these observations identify a presynaptic mechanism for STH as well as the inhibitory interneurons in which this mechanism is deployed. Serine residues 6 and/or 533, potential kinase target sites of synapsin, are necessary for synapsin function suggesting that synapsin phosphorylation is essential for STH. Consistently, biochemical analyses using a phospho-synapsin-specific antiserum show that synapsin is a target of Ca(2+) calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) phosphorylation in vivo. Additional behavioral and genetic observations demonstrate that CaMKII function is necessary in LNs for STH. Together, these data support a model in which CaMKII-mediated synapsin phosphorylation in LNs induces synaptic vesicle mobilization and thereby presynaptic facilitation of GABA release that underlies olfactory STH. Finally, the striking observation that LTH occurs normally in syn(97) mutants indicates that signaling pathways for STH and LTH diverge upstream of synapsin function in GABAergic interneurons.
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184
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Lu CW, Lin TY, Wang SJ. Quercetin inhibits depolarization-evoked glutamate release in nerve terminals from rat cerebral cortex. Neurotoxicology 2013; 39:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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185
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Luo J, Zhang L, Ning N, Jiang H, Yu SY. Neotrofin reverses the effects of chronic unpredictable mild stress on behavior via regulating BDNF, PSD-95 and synaptophysin expression in rat. Behav Brain Res 2013; 253:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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186
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Diegelmann S, Klagges B, Michels B, Schleyer M, Gerber B. Maggot learning and Synapsin function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 216:939-51. [PMID: 23447663 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.076208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila larvae are focused on feeding and have few neurons. Within these bounds, however, there still are behavioural degrees of freedom. This review is devoted to what these elements of flexibility are, and how they come about. Regarding odour-food associative learning, the emerging working hypothesis is that when a mushroom body neuron is activated as a part of an odour-specific set of mushroom body neurons, and coincidently receives a reinforcement signal carried by aminergic neurons, the AC-cAMP-PKA cascade is triggered. One substrate of this cascade is Synapsin, and therefore this review features a general and comparative discussion of Synapsin function. Phosphorylation of Synapsin ensures an alteration of synaptic strength between this mushroom body neuron and its target neuron(s). If the trained odour is encountered again, the pattern of mushroom body neurons coding this odour is activated, such that their modified output now allows conditioned behaviour. However, such an activated memory trace does not automatically cause conditioned behaviour. Rather, in a process that remains off-line from behaviour, the larvae compare the value of the testing situation (based on gustatory input) with the value of the odour-activated memory trace (based on mushroom body output). The circuit towards appetitive conditioned behaviour is closed only if the memory trace suggests that tracking down the learned odour will lead to a place better than the current one. It is this expectation of a positive outcome that is the immediate cause of appetitive conditioned behaviour. Such conditioned search for reward corresponds to a view of aversive conditioned behaviour as conditioned escape from punishment, which is enabled only if there is something to escape from - much in the same way as we only search for things that are not there, and run for the emergency exit only when there is an emergency. One may now ask whether beyond 'value' additional information about reinforcement is contained in the memory trace, such as information about the kind and intensity of the reinforcer used. The Drosophila larva may allow us to develop satisfyingly detailed accounts of such mnemonic richness - if it exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Diegelmann
- Leibniz Institut für Neurobiologie (LIN), Abteilung Genetik von Lernen und Gedächtnis, Brenneckestrasse 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
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187
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Gulino R, Gulisano M. Noggin and Sonic hedgehog are involved in compensatory changes within the motoneuron-depleted mouse spinal cord. J Neurol Sci 2013; 332:102-9. [PMID: 23859181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog and Noggin are morphogenetic factors involved in neural induction and ventralization of the neural tube, but recent findings suggest that they could participate in regeneration and functional recovery after injury. Here, in order to verify if these mechanisms could occur in the spinal cord and involve synaptic plasticity, we measured the expression levels of Sonic hedgehog, Noggin, Choline Acetyltransferase, Synapsin-I and Glutamate receptor subunits (GluR1, GluR2, GluR4), in a motoneuron-depleted mouse spinal cord lesion model obtained by intramuscular injection of Cholera toxin-B saporin. The lesion caused differential expression changes of the analyzed proteins. Moreover, motor performance was found correlated with Sonic hedgehog and Noggin expression in lesioned animals. The results also suggest that Sonic hedgehog could collaborate in modulating synaptic plasticity. Together, these findings confirm that the injured mammalian spinal cord has intrinsic potential for repair and that some proteins classically involved in development, such as Sonic hedgehog and Noggin could have important roles in regeneration and functional restoration, by mechanisms including synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Gulino
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania, Italy.
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188
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Ge JF, Qi CC, Zhou JN. Imbalance of leptin pathway and hypothalamus synaptic plasticity markers are associated with stress-induced depression in rats. Behav Brain Res 2013; 249:38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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189
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Ferhatovic L, Banozic A, Kostic S, Sapunar D, Puljak L. Sex differences in pain-related behavior and expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in dorsal root ganglia of rats with diabetes type 1 and type 2. Acta Histochem 2013; 115:496-504. [PMID: 23267764 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in pain-related behavior and expression of calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in dorsal root ganglia were studied in rat models of Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2). DM1 was induced with 55mg/kg streptozotocin, and DM2 with a combination of high-fat diet and 35mg/kg of streptozotocin. Pain-related behavior was analyzed using thermal and mechanical stimuli. The expression of CaMKII was analyzed with immunofluorescence. Sexual dimorphism in glycemia, and expression of CaMKII was observed in the rat model of DM1, but not in DM2 animals. Increased expression of total CaMKII (tCaMKII) in small-diameter dorsal root ganglia neurons, which are associated with nociception, was found only in male DM1 rats. None of the animals showed increased expression of the phosphorylated alpha CaMKII isoform in small-diameter neurons. The expression of gamma and delta isoforms of CaMKII remained unchanged in all analyzed animal groups. Different patterns of glycemia and tCaMKII expression in male and female model of DM1 were not associated with sexual dimorphism in pain-related behavior. The present findings do not suggest sex-related differences in diabetic painful peripheral neuropathy in male and female diabetic rats.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Ganglia, Spinal/enzymology
- Ganglia, Spinal/physiopathology
- Hyperglycemia/enzymology
- Hyperglycemia/physiopathology
- Male
- Pain/enzymology
- Pain/physiopathology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sex Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejla Ferhatovic
- Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia.
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190
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Ahmed S, Wittenmayer N, Kremer T, Hoeber J, Kiran Akula A, Urlaub H, Islinger M, Kirsch J, Dean C, Dresbach T. Mover is a homomeric phospho-protein present on synaptic vesicles. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63474. [PMID: 23723986 PMCID: PMC3665746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
With remarkably few exceptions, the molecules mediating synaptic vesicle exocytosis at active zones are structurally and functionally conserved between vertebrates and invertebrates. Mover was found in a yeast-2-hybrid assay using the vertebrate-specific active zone scaffolding protein bassoon as a bait. Peptides of Mover have been reported in proteomics screens for self-interacting proteins, phosphorylated proteins, and synaptic vesicle proteins, respectively. Here, we tested the predictions arising from these screens. Using flotation assays, carbonate stripping of peripheral membrane proteins, mass spectrometry, immunogold labelling of purified synaptic vesicles, and immuno-organelle isolation, we found that Mover is indeed a peripheral synaptic vesicle membrane protein. In addition, by generating an antibody against phosphorylated Mover and Western blot analysis of fractionated rat brain, we found that Mover is a bona fide phospho-protein. The localization of Mover to synaptic vesicles is phosphorylation dependent; treatment with a phosphatase caused Mover to dissociate from synaptic vesicles. A yeast-2-hybrid screen, co-immunoprecipitation and cell-based optical assays of homomerization revealed that Mover undergoes homophilic interaction, and regions within both the N- and C- terminus of the protein are required for this interaction. Deleting a region required for homomeric interaction abolished presynaptic targeting of recombinant Mover in cultured neurons. Together, these data prove that Mover is associated with synaptic vesicles, and implicate phosphorylation and multimerization in targeting of Mover to synaptic vesicles and presynaptic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheeb Ahmed
- European Neuroscience Institute, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Nina Wittenmayer
- Center of Anatomy, University of Goettingen Medical School Goettingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kremer
- Institute for Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Hoeber
- Center of Anatomy, University of Goettingen Medical School Goettingen, Germany
| | - Asha Kiran Akula
- Center of Anatomy, University of Goettingen Medical School Goettingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Markus Islinger
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Kirsch
- Institute for Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Camin Dean
- European Neuroscience Institute, Goettingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (CD); (TD)
| | - Thomas Dresbach
- Center of Anatomy, University of Goettingen Medical School Goettingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (CD); (TD)
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191
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Avelar AJ, Juliano SA, Garris PA. Amphetamine augments vesicular dopamine release in the dorsal and ventral striatum through different mechanisms. J Neurochem 2013; 125:373-85. [PMID: 23406303 PMCID: PMC3633730 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine has well-established actions on pre-synaptic dopamine signaling, such as inhibiting uptake and degradation, activating synthesis, depleting vesicular stores, and promoting dopamine-transporter reversal and non-exocytotic release. Recent in vivo studies have identified an additional mechanism: augmenting vesicular release. In this study, we investigated how amphetamine elicits this effect. Our hypothesis was that amphetamine enhances vesicular dopamine release in dorsal and ventral striata by differentially targeting dopamine synthesis and degradation. In urethane-anesthetized rats, we employed voltammetry to monitor dopamine, electrical stimulation to deplete stores or assess vesicular release and uptake, and pharmacology to isolate degradation and synthesis. While amphetamine increased electrically evoked dopamine levels, inhibited uptake, and up-regulated vesicular release in both striatal sub-regions in controls, this psychostimulant elicited region-specific effects on evoked levels and vesicular release but not uptake in drug treatments. Evoked levels better correlated with vesicular release compared with uptake, supporting enhanced vesicular release as an important amphetamine mechanism. Taken together, these results suggested that amphetamine enhances vesicular release in the dorsal striatum by activating dopamine synthesis and inhibiting dopamine degradation, but targeting an alternative mechanism in the ventral striatum. Region-distinct activation of vesicular dopamine release highlights complex cellular actions of amphetamine and may have implications for its behavioral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J. Avelar
- Cell Biology, Physiology & Development Section, School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790 USA
| | - Steven A. Juliano
- Behavior, Ecology, Evolution, & Systematics Section, School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790 USA
| | - Paul A. Garris
- Cell Biology, Physiology & Development Section, School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790 USA
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192
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Saggu S, Cannon TD, Jentsch JD, Lavin A. Potential molecular mechanisms for decreased synaptic glutamate release in dysbindin-1 mutant mice. Schizophr Res 2013; 146:254-63. [PMID: 23473812 PMCID: PMC3628687 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral genetic studies of humans have associated variation in the DTNBP1 gene with schizophrenia and its cognitive deficit phenotypes. The protein encoded by DTNBP1, dysbindin-1, is expressed in forebrain neurons where it interacts with proteins mediating vesicular trafficking and exocytosis. It has been shown that loss of dysbindin-1 results in a decrease in glutamate release in the prefrontal cortex; however the mechanisms underlying this decrease are not fully understood. In order to investigate this question, we evaluated dysbindin-1 null mutant mice, using electrophysiological recordings of prefrontal cortical neurons, imaging studies of vesicles, calcium dynamics and Western blot measures of synaptic proteins and Ca(2+) channels. Dysbindin-1 null mice showed a decrease in the ready releasable pool of synaptic vesicles, decreases in quantal size, decreases in the probability of release and deficits in the rate of endo- and exocytosis compared with wild-type controls. Moreover, the dysbindin-1 null mice show decreases in the [Ca(2+)]i,expression of L- and N-type Ca(2+)channels and several proteins involved in synaptic vesicle trafficking and priming. Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms of action of dysbindin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Saggu
- Dept of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Tyrone D. Cannon
- Depts of Psychology and Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - J. David Jentsch
- Dept of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Antonieta Lavin
- Dept of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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193
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Lin TY, Chung CY, Lu CW, Huang SK, Shieh JS, Wang SJ. Local anesthetics inhibit glutamate release from rat cerebral cortex synaptosomes. Synapse 2013; 67:568-79. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chih-Yang Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology; Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital; Pan-Chiao; New Taipei City; 220; Taiwan
| | | | - Shu-Kuei Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology; Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital; Pan-Chiao; New Taipei City; 220; Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Sing Shieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Yuan Ze University; Taoyuan; 320; Taiwan
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194
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Owe SG, Erisir A, Heggelund P. Terminals of the major thalamic input to visual cortex are devoid of synapsin proteins. Neuroscience 2013; 243:115-25. [PMID: 23535254 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Synapsins are nerve-terminal proteins that are linked to synaptic transmission and key factors in several forms of synaptic plasticity. While synapsins are generally assumed to be ubiquitous in synaptic terminals, whether they are excluded from certain types of terminals is of interest. In the visual pathway, synapsins are lacking in photoreceptor and bipolar cell terminals as well as in retinogeniculate synapses. These are the terminals of the first three feedforward synapses in the visual pathway, implying that lack of synapsins may be a common property of terminals that provide the primary driver activity onto their postsynaptic neurons. To further investigate this idea, we studied the fourth driver synapse, thalamocortical synapses in visual cortex, using glutamatergic terminal antibody markers anti-VGluT1 and VGluT2, anti-Synapsin I and II, and confocal microscopy to analyze co-localization of these proteins in terminals. We also used pre-embedding immunocytochemical labeling followed by electron microscopy to investigate morphological similarities or differences between terminals containing synapsins or VGluT2. In visual cortex, synapsin coincided extensively with non-TC-neuron marker, VGluT1, while thalamocortical terminal marker VGluT2 and synapsin overlap was sparse. Morphologically, synapsin-stained terminals were smaller than non-stained, while VGluT2-positive thalamocortical terminals constituted the largest terminals in cortex. The size discrepancy between synapsin- and VGluT2-positive terminals, together with the complementary staining patterns, indicates that thalamocortical synapses are devoid of synapsins, and support the hypothesis that afferent sensory information is consistently transmitted without the involvement of synapsins. Furthermore, VGluT2 and synapsins were colocalized in other brain structures, suggesting that lack of synapsins is not a property of VGluT2-containing terminals, but a property of primary driver terminals in the visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Owe
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway
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195
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Schröder MS, Stellmacher A, Romorini S, Marini C, Montenegro-Venegas C, Altrock WD, Gundelfinger ED, Fejtova A. Regulation of presynaptic anchoring of the scaffold protein Bassoon by phosphorylation-dependent interaction with 14-3-3 adaptor proteins. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58814. [PMID: 23516560 PMCID: PMC3597591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper organization of the presynaptic cytomatrix at the active zone is essential for reliable neurotransmitter release from neurons. Despite of the virtual stability of this tightly interconnected proteinaceous network it becomes increasingly clear that regulated dynamic changes of its composition play an important role in the processes of synaptic plasticity. Bassoon, a core component of the presynaptic cytomatrix, is a key player in structural organization and functional regulation of presynaptic release sites. It is one of the most highly phosphorylated synaptic proteins. Nevertheless, to date our knowledge about functions mediated by any one of the identified phosphorylation sites of Bassoon is sparse. In this study, we have identified an interaction of Bassoon with the small adaptor protein 14-3-3, which depends on phosphorylation of the 14-3-3 binding motif of Bassoon. In vitro phosphorylation assays indicate that phosphorylation of the critical Ser-2845 residue of Bassoon can be mediated by a member of the 90-kDa ribosomal S6 protein kinase family. Elimination of Ser-2845 from the 14-3-3 binding motif results in a significant decrease of Bassoon's molecular exchange rates at synapses of living rat neurons. We propose that the phosphorylation-induced 14-3-3 binding to Bassoon modulates its anchoring to the presynaptic cytomatrix. This regulation mechanism might participate in molecular and structural presynaptic remodeling during synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus S. Schröder
- Department of Neurochemistry & Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Stellmacher
- Department of Neurochemistry & Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Romorini
- Department of Neurochemistry & Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Marini
- Department of Neurochemistry & Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Wilko D. Altrock
- Department of Neurochemistry & Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Science, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eckart D. Gundelfinger
- Department of Neurochemistry & Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Science, Magdeburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (EDG); (AF)
| | - Anna Fejtova
- Department of Neurochemistry & Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (EDG); (AF)
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196
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Chai GS, Jiang X, Ni ZF, Ma ZW, Xie AJ, Cheng XS, Wang Q, Wang JZ, Liu GP. Betaine attenuates Alzheimer-like pathological changes and memory deficits induced by homocysteine. J Neurochem 2013; 124:388-96. [PMID: 23157378 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) may induce memory deficits with β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation. Simultaneous supplement of folate and vitamin B12 partially restored the plasma homocysteine level and attenuated tau hyperphosphorylation, Aβ accumulation and memory impairments induced by Hhcy. However, folate and vitamin B12 treatment have no effects on Hhcy which has the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotype mutation. In this study, we investigated the effects of simultaneous supplement of betaine on Alzheimer-like pathological changes and memory deficits in hyperhomocysteinemic rats after a 2-week induction by vena caudalis injection of homocysteine (Hcy). We found that supplementation of betaine could ameliorate the Hcy-induced memory deficits, enhance long-term potentiation (LTP) and increase dendritic branches numbers and the density of the dendritic spines, with up-regulation of NR1, NR2A, synaptotagmin, synaptophysin, and phosphorylated synapsin I protein levels. Supplementation of betaine also attenuated the Hcy-induced tau hyperphosphorylation at multiple AD-related sites through activation protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A) with decreased inhibitory demethylated PP2A(C) at Leu309 and phosphorylated PP2A(C) at Tyr307. In addition, supplementation of betaine also decreased Aβ production with decreased presenilin-1 protein levels. Our data suggest that betaine could be a promising candidate for arresting Hcy-induced AD-like pathological changes and memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Shang Chai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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197
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Giachello CNG, Premoselli F, Montarolo PG, Ghirardi M. Pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptiform activity affects basal synaptic transmission and short-term plasticity in monosynaptic connections. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56968. [PMID: 23437283 PMCID: PMC3577694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epileptic activity is generally induced in experimental models by local application of epileptogenic drugs, including pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), widely used on both vertebrate and invertebrate neurons. Despite the high prevalence of this neurological disorder and the extensive research on it, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis still remain unclear. In this work, we examined PTZ-induced neuronal changes in Helix monosynaptic circuits formed in vitro, as a simpler experimental model to investigate the effects of epileptiform activity on both basal release and post-tetanic potentiation (PTP), a form of short-term plasticity. We observed a significant enhancement of basal synaptic strength, with kinetics resembling those of previously described use-dependent forms of plasticity, determined by changes in estimated quantal parameters, such as the readily releasable pool and the release probability. Moreover, these neurons exhibited a strong reduction in PTP expression and in its decay time constant, suggesting an impairment in the dynamic reorganization of synaptic vesicle pools following prolonged stimulation of synaptic transmission. In order to explain this imbalance, we determined whether epileptic activity is related to the phosphorylation level of synapsin, which is known to modulate synaptic plasticity. Using western blot and immunocytochemical staining we found a PTZ-dependent increase in synapsin phosphorylation at both PKA/CaMKI/IV and MAPK/Erk sites, both of which are important for modulating synaptic plasticity. Taken together, our findings suggest that prolonged epileptiform activity leads to an increase in the synapsin phosphorylation status, thereby contributing to an alteration of synaptic strength in both basal condition and tetanus-induced potentiation.
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198
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Anxiety-like behavior of prenatally stressed rats is associated with a selective reduction of glutamate release in the ventral hippocampus. J Neurosci 2013. [PMID: 23197707 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1040-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of synaptic transmission and plasticity in the hippocampus represent an integral part of the altered programming triggered by early life stress. Prenatally restraint stressed (PRS) rats develop long-lasting biochemical and behavioral changes, which are the expression of an anxious/depressive-like phenotype. We report here that PRS rats showed a selective impairment of depolarization- or kainate-stimulated glutamate and [(3)H]d-aspartate release in the ventral hippocampus, a region encoding memories related to stress and emotions. GABA release was unaffected in PRS rats. As a consequence of reduced glutamate release, PRS rats were also highly resistant to kainate-induced seizures. Abnormalities of glutamate release were associated with large reductions in the levels of synaptic vesicle-related proteins, such as VAMP (synaptobrevin), syntaxin-1, synaptophysin, synapsin Ia/b and IIa, munc-18, and Rab3A in the ventral hippocampus of PRS rats. Anxiety-like behavior in male PRS (and control) rats was inversely related to the extent of depolarization-evoked glutamate release in the ventral hippocampus. A causal relationship between anxiety-like behavior and reduction in glutamate release was demonstrated using a mixture of the mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist, LY341495, and the GABA(B) receptor antagonist, CGP52432, which was shown to amplify depolarization-evoked [(3)H]d-aspartate release in the ventral hippocampus. Bilateral microinfusion of CGP52432 plus LY341495 in the ventral hippocampus abolished anxiety-like behavior in PRS rats. These findings indicate that an impairment of glutamate release in the ventral hippocampus is a key component of the neuroplastic program induced by PRS, and that strategies aimed at enhancing glutamate release in the ventral hippocampus correct the "anxious phenotype" caused by early life stress.
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199
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Yamagata Y, Kaneko K, Kase D, Ishihara H, Nairn AC, Obata K, Imoto K. Regulation of ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase by NMDA-receptor-induced seizure activity in cortical slices. Brain Res 2013; 1507:1-10. [PMID: 23419897 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) that belongs to a subfamily of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) plays diverse roles in the central nervous system. Activation of ERK1/2 has been observed in various types of neuronal excitation, including seizure activity in vivo and in vitro, as well as in NMDA-receptor (NMDA-R)-dependent long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. On the other hand, recent studies in cultured neurons have shown that NMDA-R stimulation could result in either ERK1/2 activation or non-activation, depending on the pharmacological manipulations. To assess NMDA-R-dependent regulation of ERK1/2 activity in vivo, here we examined the effect of NMDA-R-induced seizure activity on ERK1/2 activation by using rat cortical slice preparations. NMDA-R-dependent seizure activity introduced by Mg2+ -free condition did not cause ERK1/2 activation. On the other hand, when picrotoxin was added to concurrently suppress GABAA-receptor-mediated inhibition, profound ERK1/2 activation occurred, which was accompanied by strong phospho-ERK1/2-staining in the superficial and deep cortical layer neurons. In this case, prolonged membrane depolarization and enhanced burst action potential firings, both of which were much greater than those in Mg2+ -free condition alone, were observed. Differential ERK1/2 activation was supported by the concurrent selective increase in phosphorylation of a substrate protein, phospho-site 4/5 of synapsin I. These results indicate that NMDA-R activation through a release from Mg2+ -blockade, which accompanies enhancement of both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission, was not enough, but concurrent suppression of GABAergic inhibition, which leads to a selective increase in excitatory synaptic transmission, was necessary for robust ERK1/2 activation to occur within the cortical network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yamagata
- Department of Information Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan.
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200
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Novak G, Fan T, O'Dowd BF, George SR. Postnatal maternal deprivation and pubertal stress have additive effects on dopamine D2 receptor and CaMKII beta expression in the striatum. Int J Dev Neurosci 2013; 31:189-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Novak
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Theresa Fan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Brian F. O'Dowd
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Susan R. George
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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