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Filhol O, Giacosa S, Wallez Y, Cochet C. Protein kinase CK2 in breast cancer: the CK2β regulatory subunit takes center stage in epithelial plasticity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3305-22. [PMID: 25990538 PMCID: PMC11113558 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Structurally, protein kinase CK2 consists of two catalytic subunits (α and α') and two regulatory subunits (β), which play a critical role in targeting specific CK2 substrates. Compelling evidence shows the complexity of the CK2 cellular signaling network and supports the view that this enzyme is a key component of regulatory protein kinase networks that are involved in several aspects of cancer. CK2 both activates and suppresses the expression of a number of essential oncogenes and tumor suppressors, and its expression and activity are upregulated in blood tumors and virtually all solid tumors. The prognostic significance of CK2α expression in association with various clinicopathological parameters highlighted this kinase as an adverse prognostic marker in breast cancer. In addition, several recent studies reported its implication in the regulation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an early step in cancer invasion and metastasis. In this review, we briefly overview the contribution of CK2 to several aspects of cancer and discuss how in mammary epithelial cells, the expression of its CK2β regulatory subunit plays a critical role in maintaining an epithelial phenotype through CK2-mediated control of key EMT-related transcription factors. Importantly, decreased CK2β expression in breast tumors is correlated with inefficient phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Snail1 and Foxc2, ultimately leading to EMT induction. This review highlights the pivotal role played by CK2β in the mammary epithelial phenotype and discusses how a modest alteration in its expression may be sufficient to induce dramatic effects facilitating the early steps in tumor cell dissemination through the coordinated regulation of two key transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Filhol
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1036, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Life Sciences Research and Technologies, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Grenoble, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1036, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sofia Giacosa
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1036, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Life Sciences Research and Technologies, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Grenoble, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1036, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Yann Wallez
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1036, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Life Sciences Research and Technologies, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Grenoble, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1036, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Claude Cochet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1036, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Life Sciences Research and Technologies, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Grenoble, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1036, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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152
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Lee SR, Noh SJ, Pronto JR, Jeong YJ, Kim HK, Song IS, Xu Z, Kwon HY, Kang SC, Sohn EH, Ko KS, Rhee BD, Kim N, Han J. The Critical Roles of Zinc: Beyond Impact on Myocardial Signaling. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 19:389-99. [PMID: 26330751 PMCID: PMC4553398 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.5.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc has been considered as a vital constituent of proteins, including enzymes. Mobile reactive zinc (Zn(2+)) is the key form of zinc involved in signal transductions, which are mainly driven by its binding to proteins or the release of zinc from proteins, possibly via a redox switch. There has been growing evidence of zinc's critical role in cell signaling, due to its flexible coordination geometry and rapid shifts in protein conformation to perform biological reactions. The importance and complexity of Zn(2+) activity has been presumed to parallel the degree of calcium's participation in cellular processes. Whole body and cellular Zn(2+) levels are largely regulated by metallothioneins (MTs), Zn(2+) importers (ZIPs), and Zn(2+) transporters (ZnTs). Numerous proteins involved in signaling pathways, mitochondrial metabolism, and ion channels that play a pivotal role in controlling cardiac contractility are common targets of Zn(2+). However, these regulatory actions of Zn(2+) are not limited to the function of the heart, but also extend to numerous other organ systems, such as the central nervous system, immune system, cardiovascular tissue, and secretory glands, such as the pancreas, prostate, and mammary glands. In this review, the regulation of cellular Zn(2+) levels, Zn(2+)-mediated signal transduction, impacts of Zn(2+) on ion channels and mitochondrial metabolism, and finally, the implications of Zn(2+) in health and disease development were outlined to help widen the current understanding of the versatile and complex roles of Zn(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ryul Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Cardiovascular and Metabolic disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Su Jin Noh
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Inje University, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Julius Ryan Pronto
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Inje University, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Inje University, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Cardiovascular and Metabolic disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - In Sung Song
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Zhelong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tainjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Hyog Young Kwon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medio-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 336-745, Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Korea
| | - Eun-Hwa Sohn
- Department of Herbal Medicine Resource, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 245-711, Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Ko
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Byoung Doo Rhee
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
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153
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Cellular sensing and transport of metal ions: implications in micronutrient homeostasis. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1103-15. [PMID: 26342943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrients include the transition metal ions zinc, copper and iron. These metals are essential for life as they serve as cofactors for many different proteins. On the other hand, they can also be toxic to cell growth when in excess. As a consequence, all organisms require mechanisms to tightly regulate the levels of these metal ions. In eukaryotes, one of the primary ways in which metal levels are regulated is through changes in expression of genes required for metal uptake, compartmentalization, storage and export. By tightly regulating the expression of these genes, each organism is able to balance metal levels despite fluctuations in the diet or extracellular environment. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of how gene expression can be controlled at a transcriptional, posttranscriptional and posttranslational level in response to metal ions in lower and higher eukaryotes. Specifically, I review what is known about how these metalloregulatory factors sense fluctuations in metal ion levels and how changes in gene expression maintain nutrient homeostasis.
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154
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Kambe T, Tsuji T, Hashimoto A, Itsumura N. The Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Roles of Zinc Transporters in Zinc Homeostasis and Metabolism. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:749-84. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00035.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is involved in a variety of biological processes, as a structural, catalytic, and intracellular and intercellular signaling component. Thus zinc homeostasis is tightly controlled at the whole body, tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels by a number of proteins, with zinc transporters being particularly important. In metazoan, two zinc transporter families, Zn transporters (ZnT) and Zrt-, Irt-related proteins (ZIP) function in zinc mobilization of influx, efflux, and compartmentalization/sequestration across biological membranes. During the last two decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular properties, expression, regulation, and cellular and physiological roles of ZnT and ZIP transporters, which underpin the multifarious functions of zinc. Moreover, growing evidence indicates that malfunctioning zinc homeostasis due to zinc transporter dysfunction results in the onset and progression of a variety of diseases. This review summarizes current progress in our understanding of each ZnT and ZIP transporter from the perspective of zinc physiology and pathogenesis, discussing challenging issues in their structure and zinc transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tokuji Tsuji
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Hashimoto
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Itsumura
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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155
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Liu Y, Batchuluun B, Ho L, Zhu D, Prentice KJ, Bhattacharjee A, Zhang M, Pourasgari F, Hardy AB, Taylor KM, Gaisano H, Dai FF, Wheeler MB. Characterization of Zinc Influx Transporters (ZIPs) in Pancreatic β Cells: ROLES IN REGULATING CYTOSOLIC ZINC HOMEOSTASIS AND INSULIN SECRETION. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18757-69. [PMID: 25969539 PMCID: PMC4513131 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.640524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc plays an essential role in the regulation of pancreatic β cell function, affecting important processes including insulin biosynthesis, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and cell viability. Mutations in the zinc efflux transport protein ZnT8 have been linked with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, further supporting an important role for zinc in glucose homeostasis. However, very little is known about how cytosolic zinc is controlled by zinc influx transporters (ZIPs). In this study, we examined the β cell and islet ZIP transcriptome and show consistent high expression of ZIP6 (Slc39a6) and ZIP7 (Slc39a7) genes across human and mouse islets and MIN6 β cells. Modulation of ZIP6 and ZIP7 expression significantly altered cytosolic zinc influx in pancreatic β cells, indicating an important role for ZIP6 and ZIP7 in regulating cellular zinc homeostasis. Functionally, this dysregulated cytosolic zinc homeostasis led to impaired insulin secretion. In parallel studies, we identified both ZIP6 and ZIP7 as potential interacting proteins with GLP-1R by a membrane yeast two-hybrid assay. Knock-down of ZIP6 but not ZIP7 in MIN6 β cells impaired the protective effects of GLP-1 on fatty acid-induced cell apoptosis, possibly via reduced activation of the p-ERK pathway. Therefore, our data suggest that ZIP6 and ZIP7 function as two important zinc influx transporters to regulate cytosolic zinc concentrations and insulin secretion in β cells. In particular, ZIP6 is also capable of directly interacting with GLP-1R to facilitate the protective effect of GLP-1 on β cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Battsetseg Batchuluun
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Louisa Ho
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Dan Zhu
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Kacey J Prentice
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Alpana Bhattacharjee
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Ming Zhang
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Farzaneh Pourasgari
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Alexandre B Hardy
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Kathryn M Taylor
- the Breast Cancer Molecular Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VIIth Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB United Kingdom
| | - Herbert Gaisano
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Feihan F Dai
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- From the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
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156
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Myers SA. Zinc transporters and zinc signaling: new insights into their role in type 2 diabetes. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:167503. [PMID: 25983752 PMCID: PMC4423030 DOI: 10.1155/2015/167503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element that plays a vital role in many biological processes including growth and development, immunity, and metabolism. Recent studies have highlighted zinc's dynamic role as a "cellular second messenger" in the control of insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. Accordingly, mechanisms that contribute to dysfunctional zinc signaling are suggested to be associated with metabolic disease states including cancer, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes. The actions of the proteins that control the uptake, storage, and distribution of zinc, the zinc transporters, are under intense investigation due to their emerging role in type 2 diabetes. The synthesis, secretion, and action of insulin are dependent on zinc and the transporters that make this ion available to cellular processes. This suggests that zinc plays a previously unidentified role where changes in zinc status over time may affect insulin activity. This previously unexplored concept would raise a whole new area of research into the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and introduce a new class of drug target with utility for diabetes pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Myers
- University of Tasmania (UTAS), School of Health Sciences, Newnham Campus, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
- *Stephen A. Myers:
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157
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Chabosseau P, Tuncay E, Meur G, Bellomo EA, Hessels A, Hughes S, Johnson PRV, Bugliani M, Marchetti P, Turan B, Lyon AR, Merkx M, Rutter GA. Mitochondrial and ER-targeted eCALWY probes reveal high levels of free Zn2+. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:2111-20. [PMID: 25011072 PMCID: PMC6101202 DOI: 10.1021/cb5004064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn2+) ions are increasingly recognized as playing an important role in cellular physiology. Whereas the free Zn2+ concentration in the cytosol has been established to be 0.1-1 nM, the free Zn2+ concentration in subcellular organelles is not well-established. Here, we extend the eCALWY family of genetically encoded Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Zn2+ probes to permit measurements in the endo(sarco)plasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial matrix. Deployed in a variety of mammalian cell types, these probes reveal resting mitochondrial free [Zn2+] values of ∼300 pM, somewhat lower than in the cytosol but 3 orders of magnitude higher than recently reported using an alternative FRET-based sensor. By contrast, free ER [Zn2+] was found to be ≥5 nM, which is >5000-fold higher than recently reported but consistent with the proposed role of the ER as a mobilizable Zn2+ store. Treatment of β-cells or cardiomyocytes with sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase inhibitors, mobilization of ER Ca2+ after purinergic stimulation with ATP, or manipulation of ER redox, exerted no detectable effects on [Zn2+]ER. These findings question the previously proposed role of Ca2+ in Zn2+ mobilization from the ER and suggest that high ER Zn2+ levels may be an important aspect of cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Chabosseau
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Medicine, and ‡National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , London, United Kingdom
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158
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Zheng D, Feeney GP, Handy RD, Hogstrand C, Kille P. Uptake epithelia behave in a cell-centric and not systems homeostatic manner in response to zinc depletion and supplementation. Metallomics 2014; 6:154-65. [PMID: 24301558 PMCID: PMC4157650 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00212h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Global transcriptomic analysis, non-invasive real-time flux, nutritional profiling and metallomics reveal cell-centric response to zinc supplementation/depletion in zebrafish uptake epithelia.
Much remains to be understood about systemic regulation of zinc uptake in vertebrates, and adequate zinc status is far from always achieved in animals or human. In addition to absorbing zinc from the diet, fish are able to take up zinc directly from the water with the gills. This provides an elegant system to study zinc uptake, how it relates to zinc status, and the expression of genes for proteins involved in zinc acquisition. A 21-day experiment was conducted in which zebrafish were acclimated to deficient, control or excess zinc concentrations in the water and feed. Deficient provision of zinc reduced whole body zinc, potassium, sodium and calcium levels whilst zinc concentrations in the uptake epithelia (gills and gut) remained unchanged. Excess levels of zinc caused accumulation of zinc in the gills, intestine and carcass, but impaired whole body iron, sodium and calcium concentrations. Fish subjected to zinc deficiency had, surprisingly, a reduced zinc influx across the gill epithelium, even when tested at a high concentration of zinc in the water. Zinc influx in the excess group was indistinct from the control. Expression of genes for metallothionein-2 (Mt2) and zinc transporters-1, -2, and -8 (Znt1, Znt2, Znt8) in uptake epithelia showed in general a direct relationship with zinc supply, while mRNA for Zip4 was inversely related to zinc supply. Transcripts for the epithelial calcium channel (Ecac/Trpv6) showed time-dependent increased expression in the gills of the deficiency group, and a transient decrease of expression during zinc excess. Transcriptome profiling by microarrays showed that in both gills and intestine, the most markedly affected biological functions were those related to cell growth, proliferation and cancer, closely followed by processes of gene transcription and protein synthesis in general. Whilst changes in zinc supply had profound effects in the intestine on genes associated with uptake and metabolism of macronutrients, many of the unique categories of genes preferentially regulated in the gill could be mapped onto signalling pathways. This included pathways for PPAR/RXR, LXR/RXR, ATM, chemokine, and BMP signalling. Overall, the responses of epithelial tissue to zinc deficiency and excess are best explained by local epithelial homeostasis with no evidence of systemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Zheng
- King's College London, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK.
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159
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Grubman A, James SA, James J, Duncan C, Volitakis I, Hickey JL, Crouch PJ, Donnelly PS, Kanninen KM, Liddell JR, Cotman SL, de Jonge, White AR. X-ray fluorescence imaging reveals subcellular biometal disturbances in a childhood neurodegenerative disorder. Chem Sci 2014; 5:2503-2516. [PMID: 24976945 PMCID: PMC4070600 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00316k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biometals such as zinc, iron, copper and calcium play key roles in diverse physiological processes in the brain, but can be toxic in excess. A hallmark of neurodegeneration is a failure of homeostatic mechanisms controlling the concentration and distribution of these elements, resulting in overload, deficiency or mislocalization. A major roadblock to understanding the impact of altered biometal homeostasis in neurodegenerative disease is the lack of rapid, specific and sensitive techniques capable of providing quantitative subcellular information on biometal homeostasis in situ. Recent advances in X-ray fluorescence detectors have provided an opportunity to rapidly measure biometal content at subcellular resolution in cell populations using X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy (XFM). We applied this approach to investigate subcellular biometal homeostasis in a cerebellar cell line isolated from a natural mouse model of a childhood neurodegenerative disorder, the CLN6 form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, commonly known as Batten disease. Despite no global changes to whole cell concentrations of zinc or calcium, XFM revealed significant subcellular mislocalization of these important biological second messengers in cerebellar Cln6nclf (CbCln6nclf ) cells. XFM revealed that nuclear-to-cytoplasmic trafficking of zinc was severely perturbed in diseased cells and the subcellular distribution of calcium was drastically altered in CbCln6nclf cells. Subtle differences in the zinc K-edge X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectra of control and CbCln6nclf cells suggested that impaired zinc homeostasis may be associated with an altered ligand set in CbCln6nclf cells. Importantly, a zinc-complex, ZnII(atsm), restored the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic zinc ratios in CbCln6nclf cells via nuclear zinc delivery, and restored the relationship between subcellular zinc and calcium levels to that observed in healthy control cells. ZnII(atsm) treatment also resulted in a reduction in the number of calcium-rich puncta observed in CbCln6nclf cells. This study highlights the complementarities of bulk and single cell analysis of metal content for understanding disease states. We demonstrate the utility and broad applicability of XFM for subcellular analysis of perturbed biometal metabolism and mechanism of action studies for novel therapeutics to target neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grubman
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - S A James
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton 3168, Australia ; Materials Science and Engineering and the Preventative Health Flagship, CSIRO, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - J James
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - C Duncan
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - I Volitakis
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - J L Hickey
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - P J Crouch
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - P S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - K M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FI-70211, Finland
| | - J R Liddell
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - S L Cotman
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - de Jonge
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - A R White
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
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160
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McCord MC, Aizenman E. The role of intracellular zinc release in aging, oxidative stress, and Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:77. [PMID: 24860495 PMCID: PMC4028997 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain aging is marked by structural, chemical, and genetic changes leading to cognitive decline and impaired neural functioning. Further, aging itself is also a risk factor for a number of neurodegenerative disorders, most notably Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Many of the pathological changes associated with aging and aging-related disorders have been attributed in part to increased and unregulated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain. ROS are produced as a physiological byproduct of various cellular processes, and are normally detoxified by enzymes and antioxidants to help maintain neuronal homeostasis. However, cellular injury can cause excessive ROS production, triggering a state of oxidative stress that can lead to neuronal cell death. ROS and intracellular zinc are intimately related, as ROS production can lead to oxidation of proteins that normally bind the metal, thereby causing the liberation of zinc in cytoplasmic compartments. Similarly, not only can zinc impair mitochondrial function, leading to excess ROS production, but it can also activate a variety of extra-mitochondrial ROS-generating signaling cascades. As such, numerous accounts of oxidative neuronal injury by ROS-producing sources appear to also require zinc. We suggest that zinc deregulation is a common, perhaps ubiquitous component of injurious oxidative processes in neurons. This review summarizes current findings on zinc dyshomeostasis-driven signaling cascades in oxidative stress and age-related neurodegeneration, with a focus on AD, in order to highlight the critical role of the intracellular liberation of the metal during oxidative neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan C McCord
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elias Aizenman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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161
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McCormick NH, Hennigar SR, Kiselyov K, Kelleher SL. The biology of zinc transport in mammary epithelial cells: implications for mammary gland development, lactation, and involution. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2014; 19:59-71. [PMID: 24338187 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-013-9314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc plays a critical role in a vast array of cellular functions including gene transcription, protein translation, cell proliferation, differentiation, bioenergetics, and programmed cell death. The mammary gland depends upon tight coordination of these processes during development and reproduction for optimal expansion, differentiation, and involution. For example, zinc is required for activation of matrix metalloproteinases, intracellular signaling cascades such as MAPK and PKC, and the activation of both mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and lysosomal-mediated cell death. In addition to functional needs, during lactation the mammary gland must balance providing optimal zinc for cellular requirements with the need to secrete a substantial amount of zinc into milk to meet the requirements of the developing neonate. Finally, the mammary gland exhibits the most profound example of programmed cell death, which is driven by both apoptotic and lysosomal-mediated cell death. Two families of zinc-specific transporters regulate zinc delivery for these diverse functions. Members of the ZIP family of zinc transporters (ZIP1-14) import zinc into the cytoplasm from outside the cell or from subcellular organelles, while members of the ZnT family (ZnT1-10) export zinc from the cytoplasm. Recently, the ion channel transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) has also been implicated in zinc transport. Herein, we review our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which mammary epithelial cells utilize zinc with a focus on the transport of zinc into discrete subcellular organelles for specific cellular functions during mammary gland development, lactation, and involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H McCormick
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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162
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Takatani-Nakase T, Matsui C, Maeda S, Kawahara S, Takahashi K. High glucose level promotes migration behavior of breast cancer cells through zinc and its transporters. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90136. [PMID: 24587242 PMCID: PMC3938647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The diabetes patients have been associated with an increased risk of mortality by breast cancer and there are difference between the breast cancer patients with diabetes, and their nondiabetic counterparts in the regimen choice and effects of breast cancer treatment. However, the pathophysiological relationships of diabetes and breast cancer have not yet been elucidated in detail. In this study, we investigate the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7 motility, which linked to invasion and metastasis, in high glucose level corresponding to hyperglycemia and the role of Zn and its transporter. Methodology/Principal findings We demonstrated the significant motility of MCF-7 cultured in hyperglycemic level (25 mM glucose) in comparison to normal physiological glucose level (5.5 mM glucose). The other hand, the osmotic control medium, 5.5 mM glucose with 19.5 mM mannitol or fructose had no effect on migratory, suggesting that high glucose level promotes the migration of MCF-7. Moreover, the activity of intracellular Zn2+ uptake significantly increased in high glucose-treated cells in comparison to 5.5 mM glucose, and the mRNA expression of zinc transporters, ZIP6 and ZIP10, was upregulated in 25 mM glucose-treated cells. The deficiency of ZIP6 or ZIP10 and intracellular Zn2+ significantly inhibited the high migration activity in 25 mM glucose medium, indicating that Zn2+ transported via ZIP6 and ZIP10 play an essential role in the promotion of cell motility by high glucose stimulation. Conclusion/Significance Zinc and its transporters, ZIP6 and ZIP10, are required for the motility stimulated with high glucose level. These findings provide the first evidence proposing the novel strategies for the diagnosis and therapy of breast cancer with hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Takatani-Nakase
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- * E-mail: (TTN); (KT)
| | - Chihiro Matsui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Sachie Maeda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Satomi Kawahara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- * E-mail: (TTN); (KT)
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163
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Grubman A, Lidgerwood GE, Duncan C, Bica L, Tan JL, Parker SJ, Caragounis A, Meyerowitz J, Volitakis I, Moujalled D, Liddell JR, Hickey JL, Horne M, Longmuir S, Koistinaho J, Donnelly PS, Crouch PJ, Tammen I, White AR, Kanninen KM. Deregulation of subcellular biometal homeostasis through loss of the metal transporter, Zip7, in a childhood neurodegenerative disorder. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:25. [PMID: 24581221 PMCID: PMC4029264 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-2-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant biometal metabolism is a key feature of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Metal modulating compounds are promising therapeutics for neurodegeneration, but their mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), caused by mutations in CLN genes, are fatal childhood neurodegenerative lysosomal storage diseases without a cure. We previously showed biometal accumulation in ovine and murine models of the CLN6 variant NCL, but the mechanism is unknown. This study extended the concept that alteration of biometal functions is involved in pathology in these disorders, and investigated molecular mechanisms underlying impaired biometal trafficking in CLN6 disease. Results We observed significant region-specific biometal accumulation and deregulation of metal trafficking pathways prior to disease onset in CLN6 affected sheep. Substantial progressive loss of the ER/Golgi-resident Zn transporter, Zip7, which colocalized with the disease-associated protein, CLN6, may contribute to the subcellular deregulation of biometal homeostasis in NCLs. Importantly, the metal-complex, ZnII(atsm), induced Zip7 upregulation, promoted Zn redistribution and restored Zn-dependent functions in primary mouse Cln6 deficient neurons and astrocytes. Conclusions This study demonstrates the central role of the metal transporter, Zip7, in the aberrant biometal metabolism of CLN6 variants of NCL and further highlights the key contribution of deregulated biometal trafficking to the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. Importantly, our results suggest that ZnII(atsm) may be a candidate for therapeutic trials for NCLs.
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164
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Bellomo E, Massarotti A, Hogstrand C, Maret W. Zinc ions modulate protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B activity. Metallomics 2014; 6:1229-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00086b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel mechanism by which Zn2+ modulates PTP1B activity encompasses the binding to the closed and phospho-intermediate forms only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bellomo
- King's College London
- Metal Metabolism Group
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences
- School of Medicine
- London, UK
| | - Alberto Massarotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Universitá degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”
- 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- King's College London
- Metal Metabolism Group
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences
- School of Medicine
- London, UK
| | - Wolfgang Maret
- King's College London
- Metal Metabolism Group
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences
- School of Medicine
- London, UK
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165
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Huang L. Zinc and its transporters, pancreatic β-cells, and insulin metabolism. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2014; 95:365-90. [PMID: 24559925 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800174-5.00014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace metal for life. Two families of zinc transporters, SLC30A (ZNT) and SLC39A (ZIP) are required for maintaining cellular zinc homeostasis. ZNTs function to decrease cytoplasmic zinc concentrations whereas ZIPs do the opposite. Expression of zinc transporters can be tissue/cell-type specific or ubiquitous. Zinc transporters that are limited in tissue/cell distributions usually perform specialized tasks to satisfy biological processes in a given cell. For example, ZNT8 is mainly expressed in β-cells and functions to deliver zinc into granules for insulin maturation and secretion. Many other zinc transporters are also expressed in β-cells. Defects in these zinc transporters have been associated with abnormalities in insulin synthesis, maturation, and secretion and subsequent glucose metabolism. This review focuses on the specific roles of zinc and its transporters in insulin metabolism and describes the current knowledge of the function of zinc transporters in β-cell health in animal knockout mouse models with respect to diabetes development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Huang
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, Davis, California, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
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166
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Xu Z, Kim S, Huh J. Zinc plays a critical role in the cardioprotective effect of postconditioning by enhancing the activation of the RISK pathway in rat hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 66:12-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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167
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Haase H, Rink L. Zinc signals and immune function. Biofactors 2014; 40:27-40. [PMID: 23804522 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For more than 50 years, it has been known that zinc deficiency compromises immune function. During this time, knowledge about the biochemistry of zinc has continued to grow, but only recent years have provided in-depth molecular insights into the multiple aspects of zinc as a regulator of immunity. A network based on ZnT and ZIP proteins for transport and metallothionein for storage tightly regulates zinc availability, and virtually all aspects of innate and adaptive immunity are affected by zinc. In vivo, zinc deficiency alters the number and function of neutrophil granulocytes, monocytes, natural killer (NK)-, T-, and B-cells. T cell functions and balance between the different subsets are particularly susceptible to changes in zinc status. This article focuses in particular on the main mechanisms by which zinc ions exert essential functions in the immune system. On the one hand, this includes tightly protein bound zinc ions serving catalytic or structural functions in a multitude of different proteins, in particular enzymes and transcription factors. On the other hand, increasing evidence arises for a regulatory role of free zinc ions in signal transduction, especially in cells of the immune system. Identification of several molecular targets, including phosphatases, phosphodiesterases, caspases, and kinases suggest that zinc ions are a second messenger regulating signal transduction in various kinds of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajo Haase
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, Germany
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168
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Methods to Evaluate Zinc Transport into and out of the Secretory and Endosomal–Lysosomal Compartments in DT40 Cells. Methods Enzymol 2014; 534:77-92. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-397926-1.00005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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169
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Dorst K, Rammelkamp D, Hadjiargyrou M, Gersappe D, Meng Y. The Effect of Exogenous Zinc Concentration on the Responsiveness of MC3T3-E1 Pre-Osteoblasts to Surface Microtopography: Part I (Migration). MATERIALS 2013; 6:5517-5532. [PMID: 28788406 PMCID: PMC5452741 DOI: 10.3390/ma6125517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Initial cell-surface interactions are guided by the material properties of substrate topography. To examine if these interactions are also modulated by the presence of zinc, we seeded murine pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1, subclone 4) on micropatterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) containing wide (20 µm width, 30 µm pitch, 2 µm height) or narrow (2 µm width, 10 µm pitch, 2 µm height) ridges, with flat PDMS and tissue culture polystyrene (TC) as controls. Zinc concentration was adjusted to mimic deficient (0.23 µM), serum-level (3.6 µM), and zinc-rich (50 µM) conditions. Significant differences were observed in regard to cell morphology, motility, and contact guidance. We found that cells exhibited distinct anisotropic migration on the wide PDMS patterns under either zinc-deprived (0.23 µM) or serum-level zinc conditions (3.6 µM). However, this effect was absent in a zinc-rich environment (50 µM). These results suggest that the contact guidance of pre-osteoblasts may be partly influenced by trace metals in the microenvironment of the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Dorst
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275, USA.
| | - Derek Rammelkamp
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275, USA.
| | - Michael Hadjiargyrou
- Department of Life Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568-8000, USA.
| | - Dilip Gersappe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275, USA.
| | - Yizhi Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275, USA.
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170
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A mechanism for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and anoikis resistance in breast cancer triggered by zinc channel ZIP6 and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3). Biochem J 2013; 455:229-37. [PMID: 23919497 PMCID: PMC3789231 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genes involved in normal developmental processes attract attention as mediators of tumour progression as they facilitate migration of tumour cells. EMT (epithelial–mesenchymal transition), an essential part of embryonic development, tissue remodelling and wound repair, is crucial for tumour metastasis. Previously, zinc transporter ZIP6 [SLC39A6; solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 6; also known as LIV-1) was linked to EMT in zebrafish gastrulation through a STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) mechanism, resulting in nuclear localization of transcription factor Snail. In the present study, we show that zinc transporter ZIP6 is transcriptionally induced by STAT3 and unprecedented among zinc transporters, and is activated by N-terminal cleavage which triggers ZIP6 plasma membrane location and zinc influx. This zinc influx inactivates GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β), either indirectly or directly via Akt or GSK-3β respectively, resulting in activation of Snail, which remains in the nucleus and acts as a transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin (epithelial cadherin), CDH1, causing cell rounding and detachment. This was mirrored by ZIP6-transfected cells which underwent EMT, detached from monolayers and exhibited resistance to anoikis by their ability to continue proliferating even after detachment. Our results indicate a causative role for ZIP6 in cell motility and migration, providing ZIP6 as a new target for prediction of clinical cancer spread and also suggesting a ZIP6-dependent mechanism of tumour metastasis. We demonstrate a novel mechanism for the ability of cellular zinc to drive cell detachment and migration with implications for breast cancer spread. This mechanism involves a zinc uptake channel ZIP6 (also known as SLC39A6) and a transcription factor, STAT3.
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171
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Myers SA, Nield A, Chew GS, Myers MA. The zinc transporter, Slc39a7 (Zip7) is implicated in glycaemic control in skeletal muscle cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79316. [PMID: 24265765 PMCID: PMC3827150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional zinc signaling is implicated in disease processes including cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. Of the twenty-four mammalian zinc transporters, ZIP7 has been identified as an important mediator of the ‘zinc wave’ and in cellular signaling. Utilizing siRNA targeting Zip7 mRNA we have identified that Zip7 regulates glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle cells. An siRNA targeting Zip7 mRNA down regulated Zip7 mRNA 4.6-fold (p = 0.0006) when compared to a scramble control. This was concomitant with a reduction in the expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism including Agl, Dlst, Galm, Gbe1, Idh3g, Pck2, Pgam2, Pgm2, Phkb, Pygm, Tpi1, Gusb and Glut4. Glut4 protein expression was also reduced and insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis was decreased. This was associated with a reduction in the mRNA expression of Insr, Irs1 and Irs2, and the phosphorylation of Akt. These studies provide a novel role for Zip7 in glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle and highlight the importance of this transporter in contributing to glycaemic control in this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Myers
- Collaborative Research Network and the School of Health Sciences, University of Ballarat, Mount Helen Campus, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Alex Nield
- Collaborative Research Network and the School of Health Sciences, University of Ballarat, Mount Helen Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guat-Siew Chew
- School of Health Sciences, University of Ballarat, Mount Helen Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A. Myers
- Collaborative Research Network and the School of Health Sciences, University of Ballarat, Mount Helen Campus, Victoria, Australia
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172
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Takatani-Nakase T. Migration Behavior of Breast Cancer Cells in the Environment of High Glucose Level and the Role of Zinc and Its Transporter. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2013; 133:1195-9. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.13-00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Takatani-Nakase
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
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173
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Lindenburg LH, Hessels AM, Ebberink EH, Arts R, Merkx M. Robust red FRET sensors using self-associating fluorescent domains. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:2133-9. [PMID: 23962156 PMCID: PMC3826083 DOI: 10.1021/cb400427b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of subcellular signaling networks by multiparameter imaging is hindered by a lack of sensitive FRET pairs spectrally compatible with the classic CFP/YFP pair. Here, we present a generic strategy to enhance the traditionally poor sensitivity of red FRET sensors by developing self-associating variants of mOrange and mCherry that allow sensors to switch between well-defined on- and off states. Requiring just a single mutation of the mFruit domain, this new FRET pair improved the dynamic range of protease sensors up to 10-fold and was essential to generate functional red variants of CFP-YFP-based Zn(2+) sensors. The large dynamic range afforded by the new red FRET pair allowed simultaneous use of differently colored Zn(2+) FRET sensors to image Zn(2+) over a broad concentration range in the same cellular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens H. Lindenburg
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M. Hessels
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard H.T.M. Ebberink
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Arts
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Merkx
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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174
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Fujimoto S, Itsumura N, Tsuji T, Anan Y, Tsuji N, Ogra Y, Kimura T, Miyamae Y, Masuda S, Nagao M, Kambe T. Cooperative functions of ZnT1, metallothionein and ZnT4 in the cytoplasm are required for full activation of TNAP in the early secretory pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77445. [PMID: 24204829 PMCID: PMC3799634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation process of secretory or membrane-bound zinc enzymes is thought to be a highly coordinated process involving zinc transport, trafficking, transfer and coordination. We have previously shown that secretory and membrane-bound zinc enzymes are activated in the early secretory pathway (ESP) via zinc-loading by the zinc transporter 5 (ZnT5)-ZnT6 hetero-complex and ZnT7 homo-complex (zinc transport complexes). However, how other proteins conducting zinc metabolism affect the activation of these enzymes remains unknown. Here, we investigated this issue by disruption and re-expression of genes known to be involved in cytoplasmic zinc metabolism, using a zinc enzyme, tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), as a reporter. We found that TNAP activity was significantly reduced in cells deficient in ZnT1, Metallothionein (MT) and ZnT4 genes (ZnT1(-/-) MT(-/-) ZnT4(-/-) cells), in spite of increased cytosolic zinc levels. The reduced TNAP activity in ZnT1(-/-) MT(-/-) ZnT4(-/-) cells was not restored when cytosolic zinc levels were normalized to levels comparable with those of wild-type cells, but was reversely restored by extreme zinc supplementation via zinc-loading by the zinc transport complexes. Moreover, the reduced TNAP activity was adequately restored by re-expression of mammalian counterparts of ZnT1, MT and ZnT4, but not by zinc transport-incompetent mutants of ZnT1 and ZnT4. In ZnT1(-/-) MT(-/-) ZnT4(-/-) cells, the secretory pathway normally operates. These findings suggest that cooperative zinc handling of ZnT1, MT and ZnT4 in the cytoplasm is required for full activation of TNAP in the ESP, and present clear evidence that the activation process of zinc enzymes is elaborately controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Fujimoto
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Itsumura
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tokuji Tsuji
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasumi Anan
- Laboratory of Chemical Toxicology and Environmental Health, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko Tsuji
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Ogra
- Laboratory of Chemical Toxicology and Environmental Health, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
- High Technology Research Center, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kimura
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusaku Miyamae
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Masuda
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaya Nagao
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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175
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Wang YH, Li KJ, Mao L, Hu X, Zhao WJ, Hu A, Lian HZ, Zheng WJ. Effects of exogenous zinc on cell cycle, apoptosis and viability of MDAMB231, HepG2 and 293 T cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 154:418-26. [PMID: 23839533 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
As a non-toxic metal to humans, zinc is essential for cell proliferation, differentiation, regulation of DNA synthesis, genomic stability and mitosis. Zinc homeostasis in cells, which is crucial for normal cellular functioning, is maintained by various protein families including ZnT (zinc transporter/SLC30A) and ZIP (Zrt-, Irt-like proteins/SLC39A) that decrease and increase cytosolic zinc availability, respectively. In this study, we investigated the influences of a specific concentration range of ZnSO4 on cell cycle and apoptosis by flow cytometry, and cell viability by MTT method in MDAMB231, HepG2 and 293 T cell lines. Fluorescent sensors NBD-TPEA and the counterstain for nuclei Hoechst 33342 were used to stain the treated cells for observing the localisation and amount of Zn(2+) via laser scanning confocal microscope. It was found that the influence manners of ZnSO4 on cell cycle, apoptosis and cell viability in various cell lines were different and corresponding to the changes of Zn(2+) content of the three cell lines, respectively. The significant increase on intracelluar zinc content of MDAMB231 cells resulted in cell death, G1 and G2/M cell cycle arrest and increased apoptotic fraction. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of ZnT and ZIP families in the three cell lines, when treated with high concentration of ZnSO4, increased and decreased corresponding to their functions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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176
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Xu Z, Zhou J. Zinc and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Biometals 2013; 26:863-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-013-9671-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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177
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Afshar N, Argunhan B, Bettedi L, Szular J, Missirlis F. A recessive X-linked mutation causes a threefold reduction of total body zinc accumulation in Drosophila melanogaster laboratory strains. FEBS Open Bio 2013; 3:302-4. [PMID: 23951551 PMCID: PMC3741916 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A newly identified human locus on chromosome 15 was recently associated with zinc accumulation. Based on a prior report of a threefold difference in zinc accumulation between fumble1 heterozygous mutants and control fly strains, it was suggested that phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase might affect zinc status through its effects on vitamin B5 (pantothenate) metabolism. We report here that outcrossed fumble1 heterozygous mutant flies with low zinc content have been recovered, suggesting that pantothenate metabolism did not alter zinc homeostasis in fumble1 heterozygous flies. We show instead that the Drosophila condition of low body zinc accumulation is an X-chromosome-linked recessive trait. Flies with a threefold reduction in zinc accumulation remain viable and fertile. There is no causal association between zinc accumulation and fly pantothenate kinase mutants. A widespread X-linked mutation causes a threefold reduction in zinc accumulation in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Afshar
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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178
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Ou O, Allen‐Redpath K, Urgast D, Gordon M, Campbell G, Feldmann J, Nixon GF, Mayer C, Kwun I, Beattie JH. Plasma zinc's alter ego is a low‐molecular‐weight humoral factor. FASEB J 2013; 27:3672-82. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-228791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ou Ou
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | | | - Dagmar Urgast
- Trace Element Speciation LaboratoryUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | | | - Gill Campbell
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Jörg Feldmann
- Trace Element Speciation LaboratoryUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | | | | | - In‐Sook Kwun
- Department of Food Science and NutritionAndong National UniversityAndongKyungbookSouth Korea
| | - John H. Beattie
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
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179
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Taniguchi M, Fukunaka A, Hagihara M, Watanabe K, Kamino S, Kambe T, Enomoto S, Hiromura M. Essential role of the zinc transporter ZIP9/SLC39A9 in regulating the activations of Akt and Erk in B-cell receptor signaling pathway in DT40 cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58022. [PMID: 23505453 PMCID: PMC3591455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential trace element zinc is important for all living organisms. Zinc functions not only as a nutritional factor, but also as a second messenger. However, the effects of intracellular zinc on the B cell-receptor (BCR) signaling pathway remain poorly understood. Here, we present data indicating that the increase in intracellular zinc level induced by ZIP9/SLC39A9 (a ZIP Zrt-/Irt-like protein) plays an important role in the activation of Akt and Erk in response to BCR activation. In DT40 cells, the enhancement of Akt and Erk phosphorylation following BCR activation requires intracellular zinc. To clarify this event, we used chicken ZnT5/6/7-gene-triple-knockout DT40 (TKO) cells and chicken Zip9-knockout DT40 (cZip9KO) cells. The levels of Akt and ERK phosphorylation significantly decreased in cZip9KO cells. In addition, the enzymatic activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) increased in cZip9KO cells. These biochemical events were restored by overexpressing the human Zip9 (hZip9) gene. Moreover, we found that the increase in intracellular zinc level depends on the expression of ZIP9. This observation is in agreement with the increased levels of Akt and Erk phosphorylation and the inhibition of total PTPase activity. We concluded that ZIP9 regulates cytosolic zinc level, resulting in the enhancement of Akt and Erk phosphorylation. Our observations provide new mechanistic insights into the BCR signaling pathway underlying the regulation of intracellular zinc level by ZIP9 in response to the BCR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Multiple Molecular Imaging Research Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayako Fukunaka
- Multiple Molecular Imaging Research Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mitsue Hagihara
- Multiple Molecular Imaging Research Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keiko Watanabe
- Multiple Molecular Imaging Research Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kamino
- Multiple Molecular Imaging Research Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science, Kobe, Japan
| | - Taiho Kambe
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuichi Enomoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Multiple Molecular Imaging Research Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science, Kobe, Japan
| | - Makoto Hiromura
- Multiple Molecular Imaging Research Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science, Kobe, Japan
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180
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Abstract
Several pathways increase the concentrations of cellular free zinc(II) ions. Such fluctuations suggest that zinc(II) ions are signalling ions used for the regulation of proteins. One function is the inhibition of enzymes. It is quite common that enzymes bind zinc(II) ions with micro- or nanomolar affinities in their active sites that contain catalytic dyads or triads with a combination of glutamate (aspartate), histidine and cysteine residues, which are all typical zinc-binding ligands. However, for such binding to be physiologically significant, the binding constants must be compatible with the cellular availability of zinc(II) ions. The affinity of inhibitory zinc(II) ions for receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase β is particularly high (Ki = 21 pM, pH 7.4), indicating that some enzymes bind zinc almost as strongly as zinc metalloenzymes. The competitive pattern of zinc inhibition for this phosphatase implicates its active site cysteine and nearby residues in the coordination of zinc. Quantitative biophysical data on both affinities of proteins for zinc and cellular zinc(II) ion concentrations provide the basis for examining the physiological significance of inhibitory zinc-binding sites in proteins and the role of zinc(II) ions in cellular signalling. Regulatory functions of zinc(II) ions add a significant level of complexity to biological control of metabolism and signal transduction and embody a new paradigm for the role of transition metal ions in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Maret
- King's College London, Metal Metabolism Group, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, Franklin-Wilkins Bldg., 150 Stamford St., London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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181
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Abstract
The nutritional essentiality of zinc for the growth of living organisms had been recognized long before zinc biochemistry began with the discovery of zinc in carbonic anhydrase in 1939. Painstaking analytical work then demonstrated the presence of zinc as a catalytic and structural cofactor in a few hundred enzymes. In the 1980s, the field again gained momentum with the new principle of "zinc finger" proteins, in which zinc has structural functions in domains that interact with other biomolecules. Advances in structural biology and a rapid increase in the availability of gene/protein databases now made it possible to predict zinc-binding sites from metal-binding motifs detected in sequences. This procedure resulted in the definition of zinc proteomes and the remarkable estimate that the human genome encodes ∼3000 zinc proteins. More recent developments focus on the regulatory functions of zinc(II) ions in intra- and intercellular information transfer and have tantalizing implications for yet additional functions of zinc in signal transduction and cellular control. At least three dozen proteins homeostatically control the vesicular storage and subcellular distribution of zinc and the concentrations of zinc(II) ions. Novel principles emerge from quantitative investigations on how strongly zinc interacts with proteins and how it is buffered to control the remarkably low cellular and subcellular concentrations of free zinc(II) ions. It is fair to conclude that the impact of zinc for health and disease will be at least as far-reaching as that of iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Maret
- King's College London, Metal Metabolism Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
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182
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Abstract
Zn is an essential trace element, involved in many different cellular processes. A relationship between Zn, pancreatic function and diabetes was suggested almost 70 years ago. To emphasise the importance of Zn in biology, the history of Zn research in the field of diabetes along with a general description of Zn transporter families will be reviewed. The paper will then focus on the effects of Zn on pancreatic β-cell function, including insulin synthesis and secretion, Zn signalling in the pancreatic islet, the redox functions of Zn and its target genes. The recent association of two ‘Zn genes’, i.e. metallothionein (MT) and Zn transporter 8 (SLC 30A8), with type 2 diabetes at the genetic level and with insulin secretion in clinical studies offers a potential new way to identify new drug targets to modulate Zn homeostasis directly in β-cells. The action of Zn for insulin action in its target organs, as Zn signalling in other pancreatic islet cells, will be addressed. Therapeutic Zn–insulin preparations and the influence of Zn and Zn transporters in type 1 diabetes will also be discussed. An extensive review of the literature on the clinical studies using Zn supplementation in the prevention and treatment of both types of diabetes, including complications of the disease, will evaluate the overall beneficial effects of Zn supplementation on blood glucose control, suggesting that Zn might be a candidate ion for diabetes prevention and therapy. Clearly, the story of the links between Zn, pancreatic islet cells and diabetes is only now unfolding, and we are presently only at the first chapter.
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183
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Perret F, Marminon C, Zeinyeh W, Nebois P, Bollacke A, Jose J, Parrot-Lopez H, Le Borgne M. Preparation and characterization of CK2 inhibitor-loaded cyclodextrin nanoparticles for drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2013; 441:491-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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184
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Takeda A, Nakamura M, Fujii H, Tamano H. Synaptic Zn2+ homeostasis and its significance. Metallomics 2013; 5:417-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt20269k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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185
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Kambe T. [Overview of and update on the physiological functions of mammalian zinc transporters]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2013; 68:92-102. [PMID: 23718971 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.68.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a number of mammalian zinc transporters have been molecularly characterized. This has brought about major advances in our understanding of the tight regulation of cellular zinc homeostasis and the pivotal roles zinc transporters play in a variety of biological events. Mammalian zinc transporters are classified into two families: the ZRT, IRT-like protein (ZIP) family and the Zn transporter (ZnT) family. The ZIP family consists of 14 members and facilitates zinc influx into the cytosol from the extracellular and intracellular compartments. The ZnT family consists of 9 members and facilitates zinc efflux from the cytosol to the extracellular and intracellular compartments. Coordinated zinc mobilization across the cellular membrane by both transporter families is indispensable for diverse physiological functions. In this review, the features of the ZIP and ZnT families are briefly reviewed from the perspective of zinc physiology, with emphasis on recent progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiho Kambe
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University
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186
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Myers SA, Nield A, Myers M. Zinc transporters, mechanisms of action and therapeutic utility: implications for type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Nutr Metab 2012; 2012:173712. [PMID: 23304467 PMCID: PMC3530793 DOI: 10.1155/2012/173712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element that plays a vital role in maintaining many biological processes and cellular homeostasis. Dysfunctional zinc signaling is associated with a number of chronic disease states including cancer, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes. Cellular homeostasis requires mechanisms that tightly control the uptake, storage, and distribution of zinc. This is achieved through the coordinated actions of zinc transporters and metallothioneins. Evidence on the role of these proteins in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is now emerging. Zinc plays a key role in the synthesis, secretion and action of insulin in both physiological and pathophysiological states. Moreover, recent studies highlight zinc's dynamic role as a "cellular second messenger" in the control of insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. This suggests that zinc plays an unidentified role as a novel second messenger that augments insulin activity. This previously unexplored concept would raise a whole new area of research into the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and introduce a new class of drug target with utility for diabetes pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Myers
- School of Health Sciences, University of Ballarat, University Drive, Mount Helen, VIC 3350, Australia
- Collaborative Research Network, University of Ballarat, Mount Helen, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Alex Nield
- School of Health Sciences, University of Ballarat, University Drive, Mount Helen, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Mark Myers
- School of Health Sciences, University of Ballarat, University Drive, Mount Helen, VIC 3350, Australia
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187
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Zinc modulation of basal and β-adrenergically stimulated L-type Ca2+ current in rat ventricular cardiomyocytes: consequences in cardiac diseases. Pflugers Arch 2012; 464:459-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-012-1162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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188
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Yan G, Zhang Y, Yu J, Yu Y, Zhang F, Zhang Z, Wu A, Yan X, Zhou Y, Wang F. Slc39a7/zip7 plays a critical role in development and zinc homeostasis in zebrafish. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42939. [PMID: 22912764 PMCID: PMC3418240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Slc39a7/Zip7, also known as Ke4, is a member of solute carrier family 39 (Slc39a) and plays a critical role in regulating cell growth and death. Because the function of Zip7 in vivo was unclear, the present study investigated the function of zip7 in vertebrate development and zinc metabolism using zebrafish as a model organism. Principal Finding Using real-time PCR to determine the gene expression pattern of zip7 during zebrafish development, we found that zip7 mRNA is expressed throughout embryonic development and into maturity. Interestingly, whole mount in situ hybridization revealed that while zip7 mRNA is ubiquitously expressed until 12 hours post-fertilization (hpf); at 24 hpf and beyond, zip7 mRNA was specifically detected only in eyes. Morpholino-antisense (MO) gene knockdown assay revealed that downregulation of zip7 expression resulted in several morphological defects in zebrafish including decreased head size, smaller eyes, shorter palates, and shorter and curved spinal cords. Analysis by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF) showed reduced concentrations of zinc in brain, eyes, and gills of zip7-MO-injected embryos. Furthermore, incubation of the zip7 knockdown embryos in a zinc-supplemented solution was able to rescue the MO-induced morphological defects. Significance Our data suggest that zip7 is required for eye, brain, and skeleton formation during early embryonic development in zebrafish. Moreover, zinc supplementation can partially rescue defects resulting from zip7 gene knockdown. Taken together, our data provide critical insight into a novel function of zip7 in development and zinc homeostasis in vivo in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yan
- Group of Bio-Metal Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- Group of Bio-Metal Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junlei Yu
- Group of Bio-Metal Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Schools of Life and Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Group of Bio-Metal Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Group of Bio-Metal Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuzhen Zhang
- Group of Bio-Metal Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Wu
- Group of Bio-Metal Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghua Yan
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fudi Wang
- Group of Bio-Metal Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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189
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Alam S, Kelleher SL. Cellular mechanisms of zinc dysregulation: a perspective on zinc homeostasis as an etiological factor in the development and progression of breast cancer. Nutrients 2012; 4:875-903. [PMID: 23016122 PMCID: PMC3448077 DOI: 10.3390/nu4080875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women and is the leading cause of female cancer deaths. Zinc (Zn) functions as an antioxidant and plays a role in maintaining genomic stability. Zn deficiency results in oxidative DNA damage and increased cancer risk. Studies suggest an inverse association between dietary and plasma Zn levels and the risk for developing breast cancer. In contrast, breast tumor biopsies display significantly higher Zn levels compared with normal tissue. Zn accumulation in tumor tissue also correlates with increased levels of Zn importing proteins. Further, aberrant expression of Zn transporters in tumors correlates with malignancy, suggesting that altered metal homeostasis in the breast could contribute to malignant transformation and the severity of cancer. However, studies have yet to link dysregulated Zn transport and abnormal Zn-dependent functions in breast cancer development. Herein, we summarize studies that address the multi-modal role of Zn dyshomeostasis in breast cancer with respect to the role of Zn in modulating oxidative stress, DNA damage response/repair pathways and cell proliferation/apoptosis, and the relationship to aberrant regulation of Zn transporters. We also compare Zn dysregulation in breast tissue to that of prostate, pancreatic and ovarian cancer where possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Alam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Shannon L. Kelleher
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
- Department of Surgery, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-814-863-9680; Fax: +1-814-863-6103
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190
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Taylor KM, Kille P, Hogstrand C. Protein kinase CK2 opens the gate for zinc signaling. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:1863-4. [PMID: 22580452 PMCID: PMC3359116 DOI: 10.4161/cc.20414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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191
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Taylor KM, VanHook AM. Science Signaling
Podcast: 7 February 2012. Sci Signal 2012. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2002885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Activity of the kinase CK2 promotes the generation of intracellular zinc waves by stimulating the zinc channel ZIP7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Taylor
- Breast Cancer Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VIIth Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Annalisa M. VanHook
- Web Editor, Science Signaling, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA
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192
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Bosomworth HJ, Thornton JK, Coneyworth LJ, Ford D, Valentine RA. Efflux function, tissue-specific expression and intracellular trafficking of the Zn transporter ZnT10 indicate roles in adult Zn homeostasis. Metallomics 2012; 4:771-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20088k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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