151
|
Khan TA, Schimke LF, Amaral EP, Ishfaq M, Barbosa Bonfim CC, Rahman H, Iqbal A, D'Império Lima MR, Costa Carvalho BT, Cabral-Marques O, Condino-Neto A. Interferon-gamma reduces the proliferation of M. tuberculosis within macrophages from a patient with a novel hypomorphic NEMO mutation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63:1863-6. [PMID: 27391872 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
X-linked ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency (XL-EDA-ID) is caused by mutations in the nuclear factor-kappa B essential modulator (NEMO) gene. Here, we report the clinical and genetic features of a XL-EDA-ID patient who developed bacillus Calmette-Guérin infection. Patient lymphocytes failed to degrade IκB-α, and sequencing of NEMO identified the novel mutation c.1238A>C/p.H413P. Furthermore, patient monocyte-derived macrophages ingested Mycobacterium tuberculosis normally, but failed to control the intracellular proliferation of bacilli, a defect which was improved in the presence of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). This work expands the genetic spectrum of XL-EDA-ID and demonstrates improvement in macrophage function in a NEMO-deficient patient by IFN-γ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taj Ali Khan
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Lena Friederike Schimke
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pinheiro Amaral
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Basic Science Research Department, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Caio César Barbosa Bonfim
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hazir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Asif Iqbal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Rheumatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Antonio Condino-Neto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Ne K, G A, E U, C C, C OQ, A NP, Me R, C D, Jl C, J B, N K. Disseminated BCG Infectious Disease and Hyperferritinemia in a Patient With a Novel NEMO Mutation. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2016; 26:268-271. [PMID: 27470647 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karaca Ne
- Ege University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aksu G
- Ege University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ulusoy E
- Ege University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cavusoglu C
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oleaga-Quintas C
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Nieto-Patlan A
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Richard Me
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Deswarte C
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Casanova Jl
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, USA.,Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Bustamante J
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA.,Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Kutukculer N
- Ege University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
MYD88 and functionally related genes are associated with multiple infections in a model population of Kenyan village dogs. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:1451-1463. [PMID: 27655108 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to seek associations between immunity-related molecular markers and endemic infections in a model population of African village dogs from Northern Kenya with no veterinary care and no selective breeding. A population of village dogs from Northern Kenya composed of three sub-populations from three different areas (84, 50 and 55 dogs) was studied. Canine distemper virus (CDV), Hepatozoon canis, Microfilariae (Acantocheilonema dracunculoides, Acantocheilonema reconditum) and Neospora caninum were the pathogens studied. The presence of antibodies (CDV, Neospora), light microscopy (Hepatozoon) and diagnostic PCR (Microfilariae) were the methods used for diagnosing infection. Genes involved in innate immune mechanisms, NOS3, IL6, TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, TLR9, LY96, MYD88, and three major histocompatibility genes class II genes were selected as candidates. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were detected by Sanger sequencing, next generation sequencing and PCR-RFLP. The Fisher´s exact test for additive and non-additive models was used for association analyses. Three SNPs within the MYD88 gene and one TLR4 SNP marker were associated with more than one infection. Combined genotypes and further markers identified by next generation sequencing confirmed associations observed for individual genes. The genes associated with infection and their combinations in specific genotypes match well our knowledge on their biological role and on the role of the relevant biological pathways, respectively. Associations with multiple infections observed between the MYD88 and TLR4 genes suggest their involvement in the mechanisms of anti-infectious defenses in dogs.
Collapse
|
154
|
Kohler S, Voß F, Gómez Mejia A, Brown JS, Hammerschmidt S. Pneumococcal lipoproteins involved in bacterial fitness, virulence, and immune evasion. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3820-3839. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Kohler
- Department Genetics of Microorganisms; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University of Greifswald; Germany
| | - Franziska Voß
- Department Genetics of Microorganisms; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University of Greifswald; Germany
| | - Alejandro Gómez Mejia
- Department Genetics of Microorganisms; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University of Greifswald; Germany
| | - Jeremy S. Brown
- Department of Medicine; Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair; University College Medical School; London UK
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Department Genetics of Microorganisms; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University of Greifswald; Germany
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Battersby AJ, Khara J, Wright VJ, Levy O, Kampmann B. Antimicrobial Proteins and Peptides in Early Life: Ontogeny and Translational Opportunities. Front Immunol 2016; 7:309. [PMID: 27588020 PMCID: PMC4989132 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While developing adaptive immune responses, young infants are especially vulnerable to serious infections, including sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. Antimicrobial proteins and peptides (APPs) are key effectors that function as broad-spectrum anti-infectives. This review seeks to summarize the clinically relevant functional qualities of APPs and the increasing clinical trial evidence for their use to combat serious infections in infancy. Levels of APPs are relatively low in early life, especially in infants born preterm or with low birth weight (LBW). There are several rationales for the potential clinical utility of APPs in the prevention and treatment of infections in infants: (a) APPs may be most helpful in those with reduced levels; (b) during sepsis microbial products signal via pattern recognition receptors causing potentially harmful inflammation that APPs may counteract; and (c) in the era of antibiotic resistance, development of new anti-infective strategies is essential. Evidence supports the potential clinical utility of exogenous APPs to reduce infection-related morbidity in infancy. Further studies should characterize the ontogeny of antimicrobial activity in mucosal and systemic compartments, and examine the efficacy of exogenous-APP formulations to inform translational development of APPs for infant groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Battersby
- Academic Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK; Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Jasmeet Khara
- Academic Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Academic Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK; Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Fajara, Gambia
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Ma CS, Wong N, Rao G, Nguyen A, Avery DT, Payne K, Torpy J, O'Young P, Deenick E, Bustamante J, Puel A, Okada S, Kobayashi M, Martinez-Barricarte R, Elliott M, Sebnem Kilic S, El Baghdadi J, Minegishi Y, Bousfiha A, Robertson N, Hambleton S, Arkwright PD, French M, Blincoe AK, Hsu P, Campbell DE, Stormon MO, Wong M, Adelstein S, Fulcher DA, Cook MC, Stepensky P, Boztug K, Beier R, Ikincioğullari A, Ziegler JB, Gray P, Picard C, Boisson-Dupuis S, Phan TG, Grimbacher B, Warnatz K, Holland SM, Uzel G, Casanova JL, Tangye SG. Unique and shared signaling pathways cooperate to regulate the differentiation of human CD4+ T cells into distinct effector subsets. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1589-608. [PMID: 27401342 PMCID: PMC4986526 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tangye and collaborators use a series of mutants to elucidate the pathways required to generate distinct subsets of human effector CD4+ T cells. Naive CD4+ T cells differentiate into specific effector subsets—Th1, Th2, Th17, and T follicular helper (Tfh)—that provide immunity against pathogen infection. The signaling pathways involved in generating these effector cells are partially known. However, the effects of mutations underlying human primary immunodeficiencies on these processes, and how they compromise specific immune responses, remain unresolved. By studying individuals with mutations in key signaling pathways, we identified nonredundant pathways regulating human CD4+ T cell differentiation in vitro. IL12Rβ1/TYK2 and IFN-γR/STAT1 function in a feed-forward loop to induce Th1 cells, whereas IL-21/IL-21R/STAT3 signaling is required for Th17, Tfh, and IL-10–secreting cells. IL12Rβ1/TYK2 and NEMO are also required for Th17 induction. Strikingly, gain-of-function STAT1 mutations recapitulated the impact of dominant-negative STAT3 mutations on Tfh and Th17 cells, revealing a putative inhibitory effect of hypermorphic STAT1 over STAT3. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the requirements for human T cell effector function, and explain clinical manifestations of these immunodeficient conditions. Furthermore, they identify molecules that could be targeted to modulate CD4+ T cell effector function in the settings of infection, vaccination, or immune dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy S Ma
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
| | - Natalie Wong
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
| | - Geetha Rao
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
| | - Akira Nguyen
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
| | - Danielle T Avery
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
| | - Kathryn Payne
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
| | - James Torpy
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
| | - Patrick O'Young
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
| | - Elissa Deenick
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163,75270 Paris, France Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Imagine Institute, Necker Medical School, Paris Descartes University, 75270 Paris, France
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163,75270 Paris, France Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France Imagine Institute, Necker Medical School, Paris Descartes University, 75270 Paris, France
| | - Satoshi Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 735-8911, Japan
| | - Masao Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 735-8911, Japan
| | - Ruben Martinez-Barricarte
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Michael Elliott
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Cancer Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown 2050, Australia
| | - Sara Sebnem Kilic
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Uludag University Medical Faculty, 16059 Görükle, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Jamila El Baghdadi
- Genetics Unit, Military Hospital Mohamed V, Hay Riad, 10100 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yoshiyuki Minegishi
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genome Research, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Aziz Bousfiha
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, 20100, Morocco
| | - Nic Robertson
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, England, UK
| | - Sophie Hambleton
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, England, UK
| | - Peter D Arkwright
- University of Manchester, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester M13 9WL, England, UK
| | - Martyn French
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth 6009, Australia School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | | | - Peter Hsu
- Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | | | | | - Melanie Wong
- Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Stephen Adelstein
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia Clinical Immunology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown 2050, Australia
| | - David A Fulcher
- Department of Immunology, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Matthew C Cook
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia Department of Immunology, The Canberra Hospital, Garran 2605, Australia Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Polina Stepensky
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Kaan Boztug
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-1090 Vienna, Austria Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rita Beier
- Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Aydan Ikincioğullari
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Ankara University Medical School, 06620 Ankara, Turkey
| | - John B Ziegler
- University of New South Wales School of Women's and Children's Health, Randwick 2031, Australia
| | - Paul Gray
- University of New South Wales School of Women's and Children's Health, Randwick 2031, Australia
| | - Capucine Picard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163,75270 Paris, France Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Imagine Institute, Necker Medical School, Paris Descartes University, 75270 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163,75270 Paris, France St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Imagine Institute, Necker Medical School, Paris Descartes University, 75270 Paris, France
| | - Tri Giang Phan
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Gulbu Uzel
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163,75270 Paris, France Pediatric Hematology and Immunology Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065 Imagine Institute, Necker Medical School, Paris Descartes University, 75270 Paris, France
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Déficits immunitaires héréditaires de l’immunité innée et infections. Arch Pediatr 2016; 23:760-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
158
|
DAP12 Inhibits Pulmonary Immune Responses to Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect Immun 2016; 84:1879-86. [PMID: 27068093 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00222-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that is inhaled into the lungs and can lead to life-threatening meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients. Currently, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the mammalian immune response to respiratory cryptococcal challenge remain poorly defined. DAP12, a signaling adapter for multiple pattern recognition receptors in myeloid and natural killer (NK) cells, has been shown to play both activating and inhibitory roles during lung infections by different bacteria and fungi. In this study, we demonstrate that DAP12 plays an important inhibitory role in the immune response to C. neoformans Infectious outcomes in DAP12(-/-) mice, including survival and lung fungal burden, are significantly improved compared to those in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice. We find that eosinophils and macrophages are decreased while NK cells are increased in the lungs of infected DAP12(-/-) mice. In contrast to WT NK cells, DAP12(-/-) NK cells are able to repress C. neoformans growth in vitro Additionally, DAP12(-/-) macrophages are more highly activated than WT macrophages, with increased production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and CCL5/RANTES and more efficient uptake and killing of C. neoformans These findings suggest that DAP12 acts as a brake on the pulmonary immune response to C. neoformans by promoting pulmonary eosinophilia and by inhibiting the activation and antifungal activities of effector cells, including NK cells and macrophages.
Collapse
|
159
|
Kashem SW, Kaplan DH. Skin Immunity to Candida albicans. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:440-450. [PMID: 27178391 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a dimorphic commensal fungus that colonizes healthy human skin, mucosa, and the reproductive tract. C. albicans is also a predominantly opportunistic fungal pathogen, leading to disease manifestations such as disseminated candidiasis and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC). The differing host susceptibilities for the sites of C. albicans infection have revealed tissue compartmentalization with tailoring of immune responses based on the site of infection. Furthermore, extensive studies of host genetics in rare cases of CMC have identified conserved genetic pathways involved in immune recognition and the response to the extracellular pathogen. We focus here on human and mouse skin as a site of C. albicans infection, and we review established and newly discovered insights into the cellular pathways that promote cutaneous antifungal immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakeen W Kashem
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Departments of Dermatology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Lys63/Met1-hybrid ubiquitin chains are commonly formed during the activation of innate immune signalling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 474:452-461. [PMID: 27133719 PMCID: PMC4880150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We have reported previously that activation of the MyD88-signaling network rapidly induces the formation of hybrid ubiquitin chains containing both Lys63-linked and Met1-linked ubiquitin (Ub) oligomers, some of which are attached covalently to Interleukin Receptor Associated kinase 1. Here we show that Lys63/Met1-Ub hybrids are also formed rapidly when the TNFR1/TRADD, TLR3/TRIF- and NOD1/RIP2-signaling networks are activated, some of which are attached covalently to Receptor-Interacting Protein 1 (TNFR1 pathway) or Receptor-Interacting Protein 2 (NOD1 pathway). These observations suggest that the formation of Lys63/Met1-Ub hybrids are of general significance for the regulation of innate immune signaling systems, and their potential roles in vivo are discussed. We also report that TNFα induces the attachment of Met1-linked Ub chains directly to TNF receptor 1, which do not seem to be attached covalently to Lys63-linked or other types of ubiquitin chain. Ubiquitin chains containing both Lys63 and Met1 linkages are commonly formed during innate immune signaling. Lys63/Met1-hybrid chains become attached to RIP1 and RIP2 in the TNFR1 and NOD1 signaling networks, respectively. Potential advantages of Lys63/Met1-hybrids over separate ubiquitin chains are proposed. Met1-linked ubiquitin is attached to TNFR1 without formation of a hybrid ubiquitin chain.
Collapse
|
161
|
DNA polymerase-α regulates the activation of type I interferons through cytosolic RNA:DNA synthesis. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:495-504. [PMID: 27019227 PMCID: PMC4836962 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant nucleic acids generated during viral replication are the main trigger for antiviral immunity, and mutations that disrupt nucleic acid metabolism can lead to autoinflammatory disorders. Here we investigated the etiology of X-linked reticulate pigmentary disorder (XLPDR), a primary immunodeficiency with autoinflammatory features. We discovered that XLPDR is caused by an intronic mutation that disrupts the expression of POLA1, which encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase-α. Unexpectedly, POLA1 deficiency resulted in increased production of type I interferons. This enzyme is necessary for the synthesis of RNA:DNA primers during DNA replication and, strikingly, we found that POLA1 is also required for the synthesis of cytosolic RNA:DNA, which directly modulates interferon activation. Together this work identifies POLA1 as a critical regulator of the type I interferon response.
Collapse
|
162
|
Tang X, Amar S. Kavain Involvement in LPS-Induced Signaling Pathways. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2272-80. [PMID: 26917453 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Kavain, a compound extracted from the Kava plant, Piper methysticum, is found to be involved in TNF-α expression in human and mouse cells via regulation of transcriptional factors such as NF-kB and LITAF. LITAF is known to activate the transcription of more than 20 cytokines that are involved in a variety of cellular processes and is associated with many inflammatory diseases, including angiogenesis, cancer, arthritis, and more. The modulation of LITAF is expected to positively affect cytokine-mediated diseases. Thus, intensive efforts have been deployed in search of LITAF inhibitors. In this work, we found that, in vitro, Kavain reduced LPS- induced TNF-α secretion in mouse macrophages, mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMM), and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (HPBMC). We also found that Kavain treatment in RAW264.7 cells deactivated MyD88 and Akt, inhibited LITAF, and reduced the production of TNF-α, IL-27, and MIG in response to LPS. Similarly, it had a significant in vivo anti-inflammatory effect on wild-type (WT) mice that developed Collagen Antibody Induced Arthritis (CAIA). Overall, MyD88 was found to be an important mediator of the LPS-induced inflammatory response that can be distinguished from the NF-κB pathway. We also found that MyD88 is involved in the pathway linking LPS/LITAF to TNF-α. Therefore, given that Kavain modulates LPS-induced signaling pathways leading to cytokine expression, therapeutic interventions involving Kavain in inflammatory diseases are warranted. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2272-2280, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoren Tang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Center for Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutics, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, 02118, Massachusetts
| | - Salomon Amar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Center for Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutics, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, 02118, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Jaeger M, Stappers MHT, Joosten LAB, Gyssens IC, Netea MG. Genetic variation in pattern recognition receptors: functional consequences and susceptibility to infectious disease. Future Microbiol 2016; 10:989-1008. [PMID: 26059622 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells of the innate immune system are equipped with surface and cytoplasmic receptors for microorganisms called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs recognize specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns and as such are crucial for the activation of the immune system. Currently, five different classes of PRRs have been described: Toll-like receptors, C-type lectin receptors, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors and absent in melanoma 2-like receptors. Following their discovery, many sequence variants in PRR genes have been uncovered and shown to be implicated in human infectious diseases. In this review, we will discuss the effect of genetic variation in PRRs and their signaling pathways on susceptibility to infectious diseases in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark H T Stappers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Medicine, Research group of Immunology & Biochemistry, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge C Gyssens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Medicine, Research group of Immunology & Biochemistry, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Parker D, Ahn D, Cohen T, Prince A. Innate Immune Signaling Activated by MDR Bacteria in the Airway. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:19-53. [PMID: 26582515 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00009.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Health care-associated bacterial pneumonias due to multiple-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens are an important public health problem and are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition to antimicrobial resistance, these organisms have adapted to the milieu of the human airway and have acquired resistance to the innate immune clearance mechanisms that normally prevent pneumonia. Given the limited efficacy of antibiotics, bacterial clearance from the airway requires an effective immune response. Understanding how specific airway pathogens initiate and regulate innate immune signaling, and whether this response is excessive, leading to host-induced pathology may guide future immunomodulatory therapy. We will focus on three of the most important causes of health care-associated pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and review the mechanisms through which an inappropriate or damaging innate immune response is stimulated, as well as describe how airway pathogens cause persistent infection by evading immune activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dane Parker
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Danielle Ahn
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Taylor Cohen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Alice Prince
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Khan NS, Kasperkovitz PV, Timmons AK, Mansour MK, Tam JM, Seward MW, Reedy JL, Puranam S, Feliu M, Vyas JM. Dectin-1 Controls TLR9 Trafficking to Phagosomes Containing β-1,3 Glucan. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2249-61. [PMID: 26829985 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dectin-1 and TLR9 play distinct roles in the recognition and induction of innate immune responses to Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans. Dectin-1 is a receptor for the major fungal cell wall carbohydrate β-1,3 glucan that induces inflammatory cytokines and controls phagosomal maturation through spleen tyrosine kinase activation. TLR9 is an endosomal TLR that also modulates the inflammatory cytokine response to fungal pathogens. In this study, we demonstrate that β-1,3 glucan beads are sufficient to induce dynamic redistribution and accumulation of cleaved TLR9 to phagosomes. Trafficking of TLR9 to A. fumigatus and C. albicans phagosomes requires Dectin-1 recognition. Inhibition of phagosomal acidification blocks TLR9 accumulation on phagosomes containing β-1,3 glucan beads. Dectin-1-mediated spleen tyrosine kinase activation is required for TLR9 trafficking to β-1,3 glucan-, A. fumigatus-, and C. albicans-containing phagosomes. In addition, Dectin-1 regulates TLR9-dependent gene expression. Collectively, our study demonstrates that recognition of β-1,3 glucan by Dectin-1 triggers TLR9 trafficking to β-1,3 glucan-containing phagosomes, which may be critical in coordinating innate antifungal defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nida S Khan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114; Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854
| | | | - Allison K Timmons
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Michael K Mansour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jenny M Tam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Michael W Seward
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Jennifer L Reedy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sravanthi Puranam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Marianela Feliu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114; Nutrition and Metabolism, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118; and
| | - Jatin M Vyas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Klemann C, Pannicke U, Morris-Rosendahl DJ, Vlantis K, Rizzi M, Uhlig H, Vraetz T, Speckmann C, Strahm B, Pasparakis M, Schwarz K, Ehl S, Rohr JC. Transplantation from a symptomatic carrier sister restores host defenses but does not prevent colitis in NEMO deficiency. Clin Immunol 2016; 164:52-6. [PMID: 26812624 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) deficiency causes ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency in males, while manifesting as incontinentia pigmenti in heterozygous females. We report a family with NEMO deficiency, in which a female carrier displayed skewed X-inactivation favoring the mutant NEMO allele associated with symptoms of Behçet's disease. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation of an affected boy from this donor reconstituted an immune system with retained skewed X-inactivation. After transplantation no more severe infections occurred, indicating that an active wild-type NEMO allele in only 10% of immune cells restores host defense. Yet he developed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While gut infiltrating immune cells stained strongly for nuclear p65 indicating restored NEMO function, this was not the case in intestinal epithelial cells - in contrast to cells from conventional IBD patients. These results extend murine observations that epithelial NEMO-deficiency suffices to cause IBD. High anti-TNF doses controlled the intestinal inflammation and symptoms of Behçet's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Klemann
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pannicke
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service, Ulm, Germany
| | - Deborah J Morris-Rosendahl
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Katerina Vlantis
- CECAD Research Center, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - Holm Uhlig
- Department of Pediatrics, and Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Thomas Vraetz
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Speckmann
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Strahm
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- CECAD Research Center, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwarz
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan C Rohr
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Kuroda Y, Maruyama K, Fujii H, Sugawara I, Ko SBH, Yasuda H, Matsui H, Matsuo K. Osteoprotegerin Regulates Pancreatic β-Cell Homeostasis upon Microbial Invasion. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146544. [PMID: 26751951 PMCID: PMC4709133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a decoy receptor for receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), antagonizes RANKL’s osteoclastogenic function in bone. We previously demonstrated that systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mice elevates OPG levels and reduces RANKL levels in peripheral blood. Here, we show that mice infected with Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Mycobacteria or influenza virus also show elevated serum OPG levels. We then asked whether OPG upregulation following microbial invasion had an effect outside of bone. To do so, we treated mice with LPS and observed OPG production in pancreas, especially in β-cells of pancreatic islets. Insulin release following LPS administration was enhanced in mice lacking OPG, suggesting that OPG inhibits insulin secretion under acute inflammatory conditions. Consistently, treatment of MIN6 pancreatic β-cells with OPG decreased their insulin secretion following glucose stimulation in the presence of LPS. Finally, our findings suggest that LPS-induced OPG upregulation is mediated in part by activator protein (AP)-1 family transcription factors, particularly Fos proteins. Overall, we report that acute microbial infection elevates serum OPG, which maintains β-cell homeostasis by restricting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, possibly preventing microbe-induced exhaustion of β-cell secretory capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kuroda
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Maruyama
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of Immunology Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Isamu Sugawara
- Mycobacterial Reference Center, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru B. H. Ko
- Department of Systems Medicine, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisataka Yasuda
- Nagahama Institute for Biochemical Science, Oriental Yeast Co., Shiga, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuo
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Ye M, Wei W, Yang Z, Li Y, Cheng S, Wang K, Zhou T, Sun J, Liu S, Ni N, Jiang H, Jiang H. Rapid diagnosis of Propionibacterium acnes infection in patient with hyperpyrexia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by next-generation sequencing: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:5. [PMID: 26743541 PMCID: PMC4705617 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid determination of pathogenic agent is very important to clinician for guiding their clinical medication. However, current diagnostic methods are of limitation in many aspects, such as detecting range, time-consuming, specificity and sensitivity. In this report, we apply our new-developing pathogen detection method to clarify that Propionibacterium acnes is the causative agent of a two-year-old boy with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia presenting clinical symptoms including serious rash and hyperpyrexia while traditional clinical methods of diagnosis fail to detect the pathogenic agent and multiple antimicrobial drugs are almost ineffective Propionibacterium acnes is confirmed to be the infectious agent by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Case presentation After haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a two-year-old boy with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia presented to a pediatrist in a medical facility with hyperpyrexia and red skin rash which later changed to black skin rash all over his body. Traditional diagnostic assays were unrevealing, and several routine antimicrobial treatments were ineffective, including the vancomycin, meropenem, tobramycin, cefepime and rifampin. In this case, pediatrist resorted to the next-generation sequencing technology for uncovering potential pathogens so as to direct their use of specific drugs against pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, based on the BGISEQ100 (Ion Proton System) which performed sequencing-by-synthesis, with electrochemical detection of synthesis, and each such reaction coupled to its own sensor, which are in turn organized into a massively parallel sensor array on a complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor chip, we detect and identify the potential pathogens. As a result, we detected a significantly higher abundance of skin bacteria Propionibacterium acnes in patient’s blood than controls. It had been reported that patients infected by Propionibacterium acnes almost always had history of immunodeficiency, trauma or surgery. Considering this possible cause, antimicrobial treatment was adjusted to target this rare opportunistic pathogen. Fever and black skin rashes were rapidly reduced after administrating specific drugs against Propionibacterium acnes. Conclusion This case showed our new-developing pathogen detection method was a powerful tool in assisting clinical diagnosis and treatment. And it should be paid more attention to Propionibacterium acnes infection in clinical cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Ye
- BGI-Guangdong, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,BGI-Guangzhou, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Trans-Omics Research, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- BGI-Guangdong, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhikai Yang
- BGI-Guangdong, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yingzhen Li
- BGI-Guangdong, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shaomin Cheng
- BGI-Guangdong, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Kang Wang
- BGI-Guangdong, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | | | - Jingmeng Sun
- BGI-Guangdong, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Sha Liu
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Center, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Na Ni
- BGI-Guangdong, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Hui Jiang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
| | - Hua Jiang
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Center, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
169
|
Sun J, Li N, Oh KS, Dutta B, Vayttaden SJ, Lin B, Ebert TS, De Nardo D, Davis J, Bagirzadeh R, Lounsbury NW, Pasare C, Latz E, Hornung V, Fraser IDC. Comprehensive RNAi-based screening of human and mouse TLR pathways identifies species-specific preferences in signaling protein use. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra3. [PMID: 26732763 PMCID: PMC5381726 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aab2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a major class of pattern recognition receptors, which mediate the responses of innate immune cells to microbial stimuli. To systematically determine the roles of proteins in canonical TLR signaling pathways, we conducted an RNA interference (RNAi)-based screen in human and mouse macrophages. We observed a pattern of conserved signaling module dependencies across species, but found notable species-specific requirements at the level of individual proteins. Among these, we identified unexpected differences in the involvement of members of the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) family between the human and mouse TLR pathways. Whereas TLR signaling in mouse macrophages depended primarily on IRAK4 and IRAK2, with little or no role for IRAK1, TLR signaling and proinflammatory cytokine production in human macrophages depended on IRAK1, with knockdown of IRAK4 or IRAK2 having less of an effect. Consistent with species-specific roles for these kinases, IRAK4 orthologs failed to rescue signaling in IRAK4-deficient macrophages from the other species, and only mouse macrophages required the kinase activity of IRAK4 to mediate TLR responses. The identification of a critical role for IRAK1 in TLR signaling in humans could potentially explain the association of IRAK1 with several autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, this study demonstrated how systematic screening can be used to identify important characteristics of innate immune responses across species, which could optimize therapeutic targeting to manipulate human TLR-dependent outputs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Signaling Systems Unit, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Signaling Systems Unit, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kyu-Seon Oh
- Signaling Systems Unit, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bhaskar Dutta
- Bioinformatics Team, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sharat J Vayttaden
- Signaling Systems Unit, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bin Lin
- Signaling Systems Unit, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas S Ebert
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominic De Nardo
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, Biomedical Centre, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany. Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville,Victoria 3052, Australia. Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Joie Davis
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rustam Bagirzadeh
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nicolas W Lounsbury
- Signaling Systems Unit, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chandrashekhar Pasare
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, Biomedical Centre, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany. German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53175 Bonn, Germany. Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Veit Hornung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Iain D C Fraser
- Signaling Systems Unit, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Microbiologic Diagnosis of Lung Infection. MURRAY AND NADEL'S TEXTBOOK OF RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2016. [PMCID: PMC7152380 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4557-3383-5.00017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
|
171
|
Severe Mycobacterial Diseases in a Patient with GOF IκBα Mutation Without EDA. J Clin Immunol 2015; 36:12-5. [PMID: 26691317 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-015-0223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
172
|
IRAK-4 deficiency as a cause for familial fatal invasive infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clin Immunol 2015; 163:14-6. [PMID: 26698383 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this Letter to the Editor we report the case of two siblings with fatal pneumococcal meningitis as the initial manifestation of IRAK-4 deficiency caused by previously undescribed mutations in IRAK4. The letter also highlights the importance of invasive pneumococcal infection as a critical 'red flag' warning of the potential for an underlying primary immunodeficiency and identifies some of the challenges in making the clinical diagnosis of IRAK-4 deficiency.
Collapse
|
173
|
Giardino G, Cirillo E, Gallo V, Esposito T, Fusco F, Conte MI, Quinti I, Ursini MV, Carsetti R, Pignata C. B cells from nuclear factor kB essential modulator deficient patients fail to differentiate to antibody secreting cells in response to TLR9 ligand. Clin Immunol 2015; 161:131-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
174
|
Sharfe N, Merico D, Karanxha A, Macdonald C, Dadi H, Ngan B, Herbrick JA, Roifman CM. The effects of RelB deficiency on lymphocyte development and function. J Autoimmun 2015; 65:90-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
175
|
Giardino G, Gallo V, Somma D, Farrow EG, Thiffault I, D'Assante R, Donofrio V, Paciolla M, Ursini MV, Leonardi A, Saunders CJ, Pignata C. Targeted next-generation sequencing revealed MYD88 deficiency in a child with chronic yersiniosis and granulomatous lymphadenitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:1591-1595.e4. [PMID: 26632527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Giardino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Vera Gallo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Somma
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Emily G Farrow
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy-Kansas City, Kansas City, Mo; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy-Kansas City, Kansas City, Mo; Department of Pathology, Children's Mercy-Kansas City, Kansas City, Mo; School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Mo
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy-Kansas City, Kansas City, Mo; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy-Kansas City, Kansas City, Mo; Department of Pathology, Children's Mercy-Kansas City, Kansas City, Mo; School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Mo
| | - Roberta D'Assante
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Leonardi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Carol J Saunders
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy-Kansas City, Kansas City, Mo; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy-Kansas City, Kansas City, Mo; Department of Pathology, Children's Mercy-Kansas City, Kansas City, Mo; School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Mo
| | - Claudio Pignata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Boisson-Dupuis S, Bustamante J, El-Baghdadi J, Camcioglu Y, Parvaneh N, El Azbaoui S, Agader A, Hassani A, El Hafidi N, Mrani NA, Jouhadi Z, Ailal F, Najib J, Reisli I, Zamani A, Yosunkaya S, Gulle-Girit S, Yildiran A, Cipe FE, Torun SH, Metin A, Atikan BY, Hatipoglu N, Aydogmus C, Kilic SS, Dogu F, Karaca N, Aksu G, Kutukculer N, Keser-Emiroglu M, Somer A, Tanir G, Aytekin C, Adimi P, Mahdaviani SA, Mamishi S, Bousfiha A, Sanal O, Mansouri D, Casanova JL, Abel L. Inherited and acquired immunodeficiencies underlying tuberculosis in childhood. Immunol Rev 2015; 264:103-20. [PMID: 25703555 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and a few related mycobacteria, is a devastating disease, killing more than a million individuals per year worldwide. However, its pathogenesis remains largely elusive, as only a small proportion of infected individuals develop clinical disease either during primary infection or during reactivation from latency or secondary infection. Subacute, hematogenous, and extrapulmonary disease tends to be more frequent in infants, children, and teenagers than in adults. Life-threatening primary TB of childhood can result from known acquired or inherited immunodeficiencies, although the vast majority of cases remain unexplained. We review here the conditions conferring a predisposition to childhood clinical diseases caused by mycobacteria, including not only M.tb but also weakly virulent mycobacteria, such as BCG vaccines and environmental mycobacteria. Infections with weakly virulent mycobacteria are much rarer than TB, but the inherited and acquired immunodeficiencies underlying these infections are much better known. Their study has also provided genetic and immunological insights into childhood TB, as illustrated by the discovery of single-gene inborn errors of IFN-γ immunity underlying severe cases of TB. Novel findings are expected from ongoing and future human genetic studies of childhood TB in countries that combine a high proportion of consanguineous marriages, a high incidence of TB, and an excellent clinical care, such as Iran, Morocco, and Turkey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
177
|
Maglione PJ, Simchoni N, Cunningham-Rundles C. Toll-like receptor signaling in primary immune deficiencies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1356:1-21. [PMID: 25930993 PMCID: PMC4629506 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize common microbial or host-derived macromolecules and have important roles in early activation of the immune system. Patients with primary immune deficiencies (PIDs) affecting TLR signaling can elucidate the importance of these proteins to the human immune system. Defects in interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) lead to susceptibility to infections with bacteria, while mutations in nuclear factor-κB essential modulator (NEMO) and other downstream mediators generally induce broader susceptibility to bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In contrast, TLR3 signaling defects are specific for susceptibility to herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis. Other PIDs induce functional alterations of TLR signaling pathways, such as common variable immunodeficiency in which plasmacytoid dendritic cell defects enhance defective responses of B cells to shared TLR agonists. Dampening of TLR responses is seen for TLRs 2 and 4 in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). Enhanced TLR responses, meanwhile, are seen for TLRs 5 and 9 in CGD, TLRs 4, 7/8, and 9 in XLA, TLRs 2 and 4 in hyper IgE syndrome, and for most TLRs in adenosine deaminase deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Maglione
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Noa Simchoni
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
|
179
|
Hawiger J, Veach RA, Zienkiewicz J. New paradigms in sepsis: from prevention to protection of failing microcirculation. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1743-56. [PMID: 26190521 PMCID: PMC5014149 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis, also known as septicemia, is one of the 10 leading causes of death worldwide. The rising tide of sepsis due to bacterial, fungal and viral infections cannot be stemmed by current antimicrobial therapies and supportive measures. New paradigms for the mechanism and resolution of sepsis and consequences for sepsis survivors are emerging. Consistent with Benjamin Franklin's dictum 'an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure', sepsis can be prevented by vaccinations against pneumococci and meningococci. Recently, the NIH NHLBI Panel redefined sepsis as 'severe endothelial dysfunction syndrome in response to intravascular and extravascular infections causing reversible or irreversible injury to the microcirculation responsible for multiple organ failure'. Microvascular endothelial injury underlies sepsis-associated hypotension, edema, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute kidney injury. Microbial genome products trigger 'genome wars' in sepsis that reprogram the human genome and culminate in a 'genomic storm' in blood and vascular cells. Sepsis can be averted experimentally by endothelial cytoprotection through targeting nuclear signaling that mediates inflammation and deranged metabolism. Endothelial 'rheostats' (e.g. inhibitors of NF-κB, A20 protein, CRADD/RAIDD protein and microRNAs) regulate endothelial signaling. Physiologic 'extinguishers' (e.g. suppressor of cytokine signaling 3) can be replenished through intracellular protein therapy. Lipid mediators (e.g. resolvin D1) hasten sepsis resolution. As sepsis cases rose from 387 330 in 1996 to 1.1 million in 2011, and are estimated to reach 2 million by 2020 in the US, mortality due to sepsis approaches that of heart attacks and exceeds deaths from stroke. More preventive vaccines and therapeutic measures are urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Hawiger
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - R A Veach
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J Zienkiewicz
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
180
|
Bonilla FA, Khan DA, Ballas ZK, Chinen J, Frank MM, Hsu JT, Keller M, Kobrynski LJ, Komarow HD, Mazer B, Nelson RP, Orange JS, Routes JM, Shearer WT, Sorensen RU, Verbsky JW, Bernstein DI, Blessing-Moore J, Lang D, Nicklas RA, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy JM, Randolph CR, Schuller D, Spector SL, Tilles S, Wallace D. Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1186-205.e1-78. [PMID: 26371839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) and the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI) have jointly accepted responsibility for establishing the "Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency." This is a complete and comprehensive document at the current time. The medical environment is a changing environment, and not all recommendations will be appropriate for all patients. Because this document incorporated the efforts of many participants, no single individual, including those who served on the Joint Task Force, is authorized to provide an official AAAAI or ACAAI interpretation of these practice parameters. Any request for information about or an interpretation of these practice parameters by the AAAAI or ACAAI should be directed to the Executive Offices of the AAAAI, the ACAAI, and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. These parameters are not designed for use by pharmaceutical companies in drug promotion.
Collapse
|
181
|
Gilchrist JJ, MacLennan CA, Hill AVS. Genetic susceptibility to invasive Salmonella disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2015; 15:452-63. [PMID: 26109132 DOI: 10.1038/nri3858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Invasive Salmonella disease, in the form of enteric fever and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease, causes substantial morbidity and mortality in children and adults in the developing world. The study of genetic variations in humans and mice that influence susceptibility of the host to Salmonella infection provides important insights into immunity to Salmonella. In this Review, we discuss data that have helped to elucidate the host genetic determinants of human enteric fever and iNTS disease, alongside data from the mouse model of Salmonella infection. Considered together, these studies provide a detailed picture of the immunobiology of human invasive Salmonella disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James J Gilchrist
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Calman A MacLennan
- 1] Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK. [2] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- 1] Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK. [2] Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
RelB deficiency causes combined immunodeficiency. LYMPHOSIGN JOURNAL-THE JOURNAL OF INHERITED IMMUNE DISORDERS 2015. [DOI: 10.14785/lpsn-2015-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Combined immunodeficiency (CID) presents in infancy with severe microbial infections due to either the depletion or dysfunction of lymphocytes. Several mutated genes have been implicated in causing this condition. These encoded proteins are involved in gene recombination, signal transduction from receptors to transcription factors, or they are critical for lymphocyte development. There remain 20%–30% of patients with similar phenotypes but with no known genetic aberration. The objective of this study was to define the molecular basis of CID in a group of patients. Genotyping was performed using linkage panel chips, and the results were analyzed for parametric linkage. Whole genome sequencing was also performed. In vitro mitogen stimulation, flow cytometry, real time PCR, Western blotting, and cytokine ELISA were used to assess immunological status and signal transduction pathways. We identified a homozygous mutation in the gene for the NFκB transcription factor RelB in 3 patients who suffered repeated infection despite the presence of circulating T and B cells. This mutation introduces a premature stop, resulting in an ablation of RelB expression. Evaluation of patient immune systems revealed reduced response to mitogens and an inability to maintain an adequate antibody response to immunizations. Lack of RelB expression results in a clinical presentation of CID. Statement of novelty: We describe RelB deficiency for the first time.
Collapse
|
183
|
Abstract
The spectrum of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) is expanding. It includes typical disorders that primarily present with defective immunity as well as disorders that predominantly involve other systems and show few features of impaired immunity. The rapidly growing list of new immunodeficiency disorders and treatment modalities makes it imperative for providers to stay abreast of the latest and best management strategies. This article presents a brief overview of recent clinical advances in PIDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Raje
- Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
| | - Chitra Dinakar
- Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Vissers M, Schreurs I, Jans J, Heldens J, de Groot R, de Jonge MI, Ferwerda G. Antibodies enhance CXCL10 production during RSV infection of infant and adult immune cells. Cytokine 2015; 76:458-464. [PMID: 26253531 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is a major burden in infants below three months of age, when the primary immune response is mainly dependent on innate immunity and maternal antibodies. We investigated the influence of antibodies on innate immunity during RSV infection. PBMCs from infants and adults were stimulated with live RSV and inactivated RSV in combination with antibody-containing and antibody-depleted serum. The immune response was determined by transcriptome analysis and chemokine levels were measured using ELISA and flow cytometry. Microarray data showed that CXCL10 gene transcription was RSV dependent, whereas CXCL11 and IFNα were upregulated in an antibody-dependent manner. Although the presence of antibodies reduces RSV infection rate, it enhances the innate immune response. In adult immune cells, antibodies enhance CXCL10, CXCL11, IFNα and IFNγ production in response to RSV infection. Contrary, in infant immune cells only CXCL10 was enhanced in an antibody-dependent manner. Monocytes are the main source of CXCL10 and they produce CXCL10 in both an antibody- and virus-dependent manner. This study shows that antibodies enhance CXCL10 production in infant immune cells. CXCL10 has been implicated in exuberating the inflammatory response during viral infections and antibodies could therefore play a role in the pathogenesis of RSV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Vissers
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Schreurs
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jop Jans
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco Heldens
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald de Groot
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben Ferwerda
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
185
|
Lee YS, Yang H, Yang JY, Kim Y, Lee SH, Kim JH, Jang YJ, Vallance BA, Kweon MN. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling in intestinal stromal cells controls KC/ CXCL1 secretion, which correlates with recruitment of IL-22- secreting neutrophils at early stages of Citrobacter rodentium infection. Infect Immun 2015; 83:3257-67. [PMID: 26034212 PMCID: PMC4496604 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00670-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Attaching and effacing pathogens, including enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in humans and Citrobacter rodentium in mice, raise serious public health concerns. Here we demonstrate that interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling is indispensable for protection against C. rodentium infection in mice. Four days after infection with C. rodentium, there were significantly fewer neutrophils (CD11b+ Ly6C+ Ly6G+) in the colons of IL-1R−/− mice than in wild-type mice. Levels of mRNA and protein of KC/CXCL1 were also significantly reduced in colon homogenates of infected IL-1R−/− mice relative to wild-type mice. Of note, infiltrated CD11b+ Ly6C+ Ly6G+ neutrophils were the main source of IL-22 secretion after C. rodentium infection. Interestingly, intestinal stromal cells isolated from IL-1R−/− mice secreted lower levels of KC/CXCL1 than stromal cells from wild-type mice during C. rodentium infection. Similar effects were found when mouse intestinal stromal cells and human nasal polyp stromal cells were treated with IL-1R antagonists (i.e., anakinra) in vitro. These results suggest that IL-1 signaling plays a pivotal role in activating mucosal stromal cells to secrete KC/CXCL1, which is essential for infiltration of IL-22-secreting neutrophils upon bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Soo Lee
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjun Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jin-Young Yang
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Kim
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Lee
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Heui Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ju Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bruce A. Vallance
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mi-Na Kweon
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
186
|
Piret J, Boivin G. Innate immune response during herpes simplex virus encephalitis and development of immunomodulatory strategies. Rev Med Virol 2015. [PMID: 26205506 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex viruses are large double-stranded DNA viruses. These viruses have the ability to establish a lifelong latency in sensory ganglia and to invade and replicate in the CNS. Apart from relatively benign mucosal infections, HSV is responsible for severe illnesses including HSV encephalitis (HSE). HSE is the most common cause of sporadic, potentially fatal viral encephalitis in Western countries. If left untreated, the mortality rate associated with HSE is approximately 70%. Despite antiviral therapy, the mortality is still higher than 30%, and almost 60% of surviving individuals develop neurological sequelae. It is suggested that direct virus-related and indirect immune-mediated mechanisms contribute to the damages occurring in the CNS during HSE. In this manuscript, we describe the innate immune response to HSV, the development of HSE in mice knock-out for proteins of the innate immune system as well as inherited deficiencies in key components of the signaling pathways involved in the production of type I interferon that could predispose individuals to develop HSE. Finally, we review several immunomodulatory strategies aimed at modulating the innate immune response at a critical time after infection that were evaluated in mouse models and could be combined with antiviral therapy to improve the prognosis of HSE. In conclusion, the cerebral innate immune response that develops during HSE is a "double-edged sword" as it is critical to control viral replication in the brain early after infection, but, if left uncontrolled, may also result in an exaggerated inflammatory response that could be detrimental to the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyne Piret
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec and Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guy Boivin
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec and Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Ramírez-Alejo N, Alcántara-Montiel JC, Yamazaki-Nakashimada M, Duran-McKinster C, Valenzuela-León P, Rivas-Larrauri F, Cedillo-Barrón L, Hernández-Rivas R, Santos-Argumedo L. Novel hypomorphic mutation in IKBKG impairs NEMO-ubiquitylation causing ectodermal dysplasia, immunodeficiency, incontinentia pigmenti, and immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Clin Immunol 2015; 160:163-71. [PMID: 26117626 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) is a component of the IKK complex, which participates in the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Hypomorphic mutations in the IKBKG gene result in different forms of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency (EDA-ID) in males without affecting carrier females. Here, we describe a hypomorphic and missense mutation, designated c.916G>A (p.D306N), which affects our patient, his mother, and his sister. This mutation did not affect NEMO expression; however, an immunoprecipitation assay revealed reduced ubiquitylation upon CD40-stimulation in the patient's cells. Functional studies have demonstrated reduced phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, affecting NF-κB recruitment into the nucleus. The patient presented with clinical features of ectodermal dysplasia, immunodeficiency, and immune thrombocytopenic purpura, the latter of which has not been previously reported in a patient with NEMO deficiency. His mother and sister displayed incontinentia pigmenti indicating that, in addition to amorphic mutations, hypomorphic mutations in NEMO can affect females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noé Ramírez-Alejo
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
188
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease (rIPD) occurs mostly in children with an underlying disease, but some cases remain unexplained. Immunodeficiency has been described in children with rIPD, but the prevalence is unknown. We used a nationwide registry of all laboratory-confirmed cases of rIPD to identify cases of unexplained rIPD and examine them for immunodeficiency. METHODS Cases of rIPD in children 0-15 years of age from 1980 to 2008 were identified. Children without an obvious underlying disease were screened for complement function, T-cell, B-cell, natural killer--cell counts and concentration of immunoglobulins. B-cell function was evaluated by measuring antibody response to polysaccharide-based pneumococcal vaccination and the extent of fraction of somatic hypermutation. Toll-Like receptor (TLR) signaling function and mutations in key TLR-signaling molecules were examined. RESULTS In total, rIPD were observed in 54 children (68 cases of rIPD of 2192 IPD cases). Children with classical risk factors for IPD were excluded, and among the remaining 22 children, 15 were eligible for analysis. Of these 6 (40%) were complement C2-deficient. Impaired vaccination response was found in 6 children of whom 3 were C2 deficient. One patient had a severe TLR signaling dysfunction. No mutations in IRAK4, IKBKG or MYD88 were found. CONCLUSION Of an unselected cohort of children with rIPD at least 11% were C2 deficient. Data suggest that screening for complement deficiencies and deficient antibody response to pneumococcal vaccines in patients with more than 1 episode of IPD is warranted.
Collapse
|
189
|
Sensing of interleukin-1 cytokines during Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization contributes to macrophage recruitment and bacterial clearance. Infect Immun 2015; 83:3204-12. [PMID: 26034210 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00224-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus), a leading cause of bacterial disease, is most commonly carried in the human nasopharynx. Colonization induces inflammation that promotes the organism's growth and transmission. This inflammatory response is dependent on intracellular sensing of bacterial components that access the cytosolic compartment via the pneumococcal pore-forming toxin pneumolysin. In vitro, cytosolic access results in cell death that includes release of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β). IL-1 family cytokines, including IL-1β, are secreted upon activation of inflammasomes, although the role of this activation in the host immune response to pneumococcal carriage is unknown. Using a murine model of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization, we show that mice deficient in the interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (Il1r1(-/-)) have reduced numbers of neutrophils early after infection, fewer macrophages later in carriage, and prolonged bacterial colonization. Moreover, intranasal administration of Il-1β promoted clearance. Macrophages are the effectors of clearance, and characterization of macrophage chemokines in colonized mice revealed that Il1r1(-/-) mice have lower expression of the C-C motif chemokine ligand 6 (CCL6), correlating with reduced macrophage recruitment to the nasopharynx. IL-1 family cytokines are known to promote adaptive immunity; however, we observed no difference in the development of humoral or cellular immunity to pneumococcal colonization between wild-type and Il1r1(-/-) mice. Our findings show that sensing of IL-1 cytokines during colonization promotes inflammation without immunity, which may ultimately benefit the pneumococcus.
Collapse
|
190
|
Boisson B, Laplantine E, Dobbs K, Cobat A, Tarantino N, Hazen M, Lidov HGW, Hopkins G, Du L, Belkadi A, Chrabieh M, Itan Y, Picard C, Fournet JC, Eibel H, Tsitsikov E, Pai SY, Abel L, Al-Herz W, Casanova JL, Israel A, Notarangelo LD. Human HOIP and LUBAC deficiency underlies autoinflammation, immunodeficiency, amylopectinosis, and lymphangiectasia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:939-51. [PMID: 26008899 PMCID: PMC4451137 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Boisson et al. report a human homozygous mutation of HOIP, the gene encoding the catalytic component of the linear ubiquitination chain assembly complex, LUBAC. The missense alleles impair the expression of HOIP, destabilizing the LUBAC complex and resulting in immune cell dysfunction leading to multiorgan inflammation, combined immunodeficiency, subclinical amylopectinosis, and systemic lymphangiectactasia. Inherited, complete deficiency of human HOIL-1, a component of the linear ubiquitination chain assembly complex (LUBAC), underlies autoinflammation, infections, and amylopectinosis. We report the clinical description and molecular analysis of a novel inherited disorder of the human LUBAC complex. A patient with multiorgan autoinflammation, combined immunodeficiency, subclinical amylopectinosis, and systemic lymphangiectasia, is homozygous for a mutation in HOIP, the gene encoding the catalytic component of LUBAC. The missense allele (L72P, in the PUB domain) is at least severely hypomorphic, as it impairs HOIP expression and destabilizes the whole LUBAC complex. Linear ubiquitination and NF-κB activation are impaired in the patient’s fibroblasts stimulated by IL-1β or TNF. In contrast, the patient’s monocytes respond to IL-1β more vigorously than control monocytes. However, the activation and differentiation of the patient’s B cells are impaired in response to CD40 engagement. These cellular and clinical phenotypes largely overlap those of HOIL-1-deficient patients. Clinical differences between HOIL-1- and HOIP-mutated patients may result from differences between the mutations, the loci, or other factors. Our findings show that human HOIP is essential for the assembly and function of LUBAC and for various processes governing inflammation and immunity in both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Boisson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Emmanuel Laplantine
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 3691, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Division of Immunology and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Pathology, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Aurélie Cobat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163; Study Center of Immunodeficiencies, APHP; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nadine Tarantino
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 3691, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Melissa Hazen
- Division of Immunology and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Pathology, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hart G W Lidov
- Division of Immunology and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Pathology, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Gregory Hopkins
- Division of Immunology and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Pathology, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Likun Du
- Division of Immunology and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Pathology, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Aziz Belkadi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163; Study Center of Immunodeficiencies, APHP; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Maya Chrabieh
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163; Study Center of Immunodeficiencies, APHP; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Yuval Itan
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Capucine Picard
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163; Study Center of Immunodeficiencies, APHP; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163; Study Center of Immunodeficiencies, APHP; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Hermann Eibel
- University Medical Centre Freiburg, Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Erdyni Tsitsikov
- Division of Immunology and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Pathology, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sung-Yun Pai
- Division of Immunology and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Pathology, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163; Study Center of Immunodeficiencies, APHP; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Waleed Al-Herz
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Al-Sabah Hospital, 70459 Kuwait City, Kuwait Department of Pediatrics, Kuwait University, 13110 Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163; Study Center of Immunodeficiencies, APHP; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1163; Study Center of Immunodeficiencies, APHP; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065
| | - Alain Israel
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pathogenesis, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 3691, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Division of Immunology and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Pathology, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Liu Y, Yin H, Zhao M, Lu Q. TLR2 and TLR4 in autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2015; 47:136-47. [PMID: 24352680 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-013-8402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are immune disorders characterized by T cell hyperactivity and B cell overstimulation leading to overproduction of autoantibodies. Although the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases remains to be elucidated, environmental factors have been thought to contribute to the initiation and maintenance of auto-respond inflammation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors belonging to innate immunity that recognize and defend invading microorganisms. Besides these exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns, TLRs can also bind with damage-associated molecular patterns produced under strike or by tissue damage or cells apoptosis. It is believed that TLRs build a bridge between innate immunity and autoimmunity. There are five adaptors to TLRs including MyD88, TRIF, TIRAP/MAL, TRAM, and SARM. Upon activation, TLRs recruit specific adaptors to initiate the downstream signaling pathways leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Under certain circumstances, ligation of TLRs drives to aberrant activation and unrestricted inflammatory responses, thereby contributing to the perpetuation of inflammation in autoimmune diseases. In the past, most studies focused on the intracellular TLRs, such as TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9, but recent studies reveal that cell surface TLRs, especially TLR2 and TLR4, also play an essential role in the development of autoimmune diseases and afford multiple therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarized the biological characteristics, signaling mechanisms of TLR2/4, the negative regulators of TLR2/4 pathway, and the pivotal function of TLR2/4 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, Sjogren's syndrome, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
192
|
Ellis MK, Elliott KS, Rautanen A, Crook DW, Hill AVS, Chapman SJ. Rare variants in MYD88, IRAK4 and IKBKG and susceptibility to invasive pneumococcal disease: a population-based case-control study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123532. [PMID: 25886387 PMCID: PMC4401548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although rare variants within the Toll-like receptor signalling pathway genes have been found to underlie human primary immunodeficiencies associated with selective predisposition to invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), the contribution of variants in these genes to IPD susceptibility at the population level remains unknown. Complete re-sequencing of IRAK4, MYD88 and IKBKG genes was undertaken in 164 IPD cases from the UK and 164 geographically-matched population-based controls. 233 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) were identified, of which ten were in coding regions. Four rare coding variants were predicted to be deleterious, two variants in MYD88 and two in IRAK4. The predicted deleterious variants in MYD88 were observed as two heterozygote cases but not seen in controls. Frequencies of predicted deleterious IRAK4 SNVs were the same in cases and controls. Our findings suggest that rare, functional variants in MYD88, IRAK4 or IKBKG do not significantly contribute to IPD susceptibility in adults at the population level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda K. Ellis
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
- Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney Australia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Anna Rautanen
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Derrick W. Crook
- Department of Microbiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian V. S. Hill
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Chapman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Churchill Hospital Site, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
193
|
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant human immune cells, are rapidly recruited to sites of infection, where they fulfill their life-saving antimicrobial functions. While traditionally regarded as short-lived phagocytes, recent findings on long-term survival, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, heterogeneity and plasticity, suppressive functions, and tissue injury have expanded our understanding of their diverse role in infection and inflammation. This review summarises our current understanding of neutrophils in host-pathogen interactions and disease involvement, illustrating the versatility and plasticity of the neutrophil, moving between host defence, immune modulation, and tissue damage.
Collapse
|
194
|
Rare mendelian primary immunodeficiency diseases associated with impaired NF-κB signaling. Genes Immun 2015; 16:239-46. [PMID: 25764117 PMCID: PMC4457537 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mendelian Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases (MPIDs) are rare disorders affecting distinct constituents of the innate and adaptive immune system. Although they are genetically heterogeneous a substantial group of MPIDs is due to mutations in genes affecting the NF-κB transcription pathway, essential for cell proliferation, cell survival, and involved in innate immunity and in inflammation. Many of these genes encode for crucial regulatory components of NF-κB pathway and their mutations are associated with immunological and developmental signs somehow overlapping in patients with MPIDs. At present nine different MPIDs listed in the OMIM are caused by mutations in at least nine different genes strictly involved in the NF-κB pathway that result in defects in immune responses. We will report here on the distinct function of each causative gene, on the impaired NF-κB step and more in general on the molecular mechanisms underlining the pathogenesis of the disease. Overall, the MPIDs affecting NF-κB signalosome require a careful integrated diagnosis and appropriate genetic tests to be molecularly identified. Their discovery at an ever-increasing rate will help to establish common therapeutic strategy for a subclass of immunodeficient patients.
Collapse
|
195
|
Alsina L, Basteiro MG, de Paz HD, Iñigo M, de Sevilla MF, Triviño M, Juan M, Muñoz-Almagro C. Recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease in children: underlying clinical conditions, and immunological and microbiological characteristics. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118848. [PMID: 25738983 PMCID: PMC4349703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Clinical, immunological and microbiological characteristics of recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children were evaluated, differentiating relapse from reinfection, in order to identify specific risk factors for both conditions. Methods All patients <18 years-old with recurrent IPD admitted to a tertiary-care pediatric center from January 2004 to December 2011 were evaluated. An episode of IPD was defined as the presence of clinical findings of infection together with isolation and/or pneumococcal DNA detection by Real-Time PCR in any sterile body fluid. Recurrent IPD was defined as 2 or more episodes in the same individual at least 1 month apart. Among recurrent IPD, we differentiated relapse (same pneumococcal isolate) from reinfection. Results 593 patients were diagnosed with IPD and 10 patients died. Among survivors, 23 episodes of recurrent IPD were identified in 10 patients (1.7%). Meningitis was the most frequent form of recurrent IPD (10 episodes/4 children) followed by recurrent empyema (8 episodes/4 children). Three patients with recurrent empyema caused by the same pneumococcal clone ST306 were considered relapses and showed high bacterial load in their first episode. In contrast, all other episodes of recurrent IPD were considered reinfections. Overall, the rate of relapse of IPD was 0.5% and the rate of reinfection 1.2%. Five out of 7 patients with reinfection had an underlying risk factor: cerebrospinal fluid leak (n = 3), chemotherapy treatment (n = 1) and a homozygous mutation in MyD88 gene (n = 1). No predisposing risk factors were found in the remainder. Conclusions recurrent IPD in children is a rare condition associated with an identifiable risk factor in case of reinfection in almost 80% of cases. In contrast, recurrent IPD with pleuropneumonia is usually a relapse of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Alsina
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Functional Unit of Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clinic. Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria G. Basteiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hector D. de Paz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melania Iñigo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona F. de Sevilla
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Triviño
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Juan
- Immunology Service, Hospital Clinic and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi y Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Functional Unit of Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clinic. Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
Zurek OW, Pallister KB, Voyich JM. Staphylococcus aureus Inhibits Neutrophil-derived IL-8 to Promote Cell Death. J Infect Dis 2015; 212:934-8. [PMID: 25722299 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
While Staphylococcus aureus accelerates human neutrophil cell death, the underlying host- and pathogen-derived mechanisms remain incompletely defined. Previous studies demonstrated that the S. aureus SaeR/S sensory system is essential for pathogen survival following neutrophil phagocytosis. Herein, we demonstrate that the SaeR/S system promoted accelerated cell death, suppressed phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB, and reduced interleukin-8 (IL-8) production in human neutrophils. Treatment of neutrophils with recombinant IL-8 significantly reduced bacterial burden and apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate a mechanism by which S. aureus suppresses the early neutrophil-derived IL-8 response to disrupt cell fate and promote disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia W Zurek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman
| | - Kyler B Pallister
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman
| | - Jovanka M Voyich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman
| |
Collapse
|
197
|
Robinson KM, Kolls JK, Alcorn JF. The immunology of influenza virus-associated bacterial pneumonia. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 34:59-67. [PMID: 25723597 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Infection with influenza virus has been a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for more than a hundred years. Severe disease and increased mortality often results from bacterial super-infection of patients with influenza virus infection. Preceding influenza infection alters the host's innate and adaptive immune responses, allowing increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial pneumonia. Recent advances in the field have helped to define how influenza alters the immune response to bacteria through the dysregulation of phagocytes, antimicrobial peptides, and lymphocytes. Viral-induced interferons play a key role in altering the phenotype of the immune response. Potential genetic modifiers of disease will help to define additional immunologic mechanisms that predispose to viral, bacterial super-infection with the overarching goal of developing effective therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keven M Robinson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA. 15224, USA; Richard K. Mellon Foundation Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
| | - John F Alcorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA. 15224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
198
|
Feuerstein R, Seidl M, Prinz M, Henneke P. MyD88 in macrophages is critical for abscess resolution in staphylococcal skin infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2735-45. [PMID: 25681348 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
When Staphylococcus aureus penetrates the epidermis and reaches the dermis, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMLs) accumulate and an abscess is formed. However, the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate initiation and termination of inflammation in skin infection are incompletely understood. In human myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) deficiency, staphylococcal skin and soft tissue infections are a leading and potentially life-threatening problem. In this study, we found that MyD88-dependent sensing of S. aureus by dermal macrophages (Mϕ) contributes to both timely escalation and termination of PML-mediated inflammation in a mouse model of staphylococcal skin infection. Mϕs were key to recruit PML within hours in response to staphylococci, irrespective of bacterial viability. In contrast with bone marrow-derived Mϕs, dermal Mϕs did not require UNC-93B or TLR2 for activation. Moreover, PMLs, once recruited, were highly activated in an MyD88-independent fashion, yet failed to clear the infection if Mϕs were missing or functionally impaired. In normal mice, clearance of the infection and contraction of the PML infiltrate were accompanied by expansion of resident Mϕs in a CCR2-dependent fashion. Thus, whereas monocytes were dispensable for the early immune response to staphylococci, they contributed to Mϕ renewal after the infection was overcome. Taken together, MyD88-dependent sensing of staphylococci by resident dermal Mϕs is key for a rapid and balanced immune response, and PMLs are dependent on intact Mϕ for full function. Renewal of resident Mϕs requires both local control of bacteria and inflammatory monocytes entering the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reinhild Feuerstein
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Seidl
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Centre of Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; and
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Mooster JL, Le Bras S, Massaad MJ, Jabara H, Yoon J, Galand C, Heesters BA, Burton OT, Mattoo H, Manis J, Geha RS. Defective lymphoid organogenesis underlies the immune deficiency caused by a heterozygous S32I mutation in IκBα. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:185-202. [PMID: 25601653 PMCID: PMC4322042 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20140979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Mooster et al. created a knock-in mouse harboring a mutation (S32I) in IκBα that has been identified in a patient with ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency. The mice are characterized by defective architectural cell function; they lack lymph nodes, Peyer’s patches, splenic marginal zones, and follicular DCs and fail to develop germinal centers. These features have not been previously recognized in patients. Patients with ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency (ED-ID) caused by mutations in the inhibitor of NF-κB α (IκBα) are susceptible to severe recurrent infections, despite normal T and B cell numbers and intact in vitro lymphocyte function. Moreover, the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in these patients is poor despite good engraftment. Mice heterozygous for the IκBα S32I mutation found in patients exhibited typical features of ED-ID. Strikingly, the mice lacked lymph nodes, Peyer’s patches, splenic marginal zones, and follicular dendritic cells and failed to develop contact hypersensitivity (CHS) or form germinal centers (GCs), all features not previously recognized in patients and typical of defective noncanonical NF-κB signaling. Lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR)–driven induction of chemokines and adhesion molecules mediated by both canonical and noncanonical NF-κB pathways was impaired, and levels of p100 were markedly diminished in the mutant. IκBα mutant→Rag2−/−, but not WT→IκBα mutant, bone marrow chimeras formed proper lymphoid organs and developed CHS and GCs. Defective architectural cell function explains the immunodeficiency and poor outcome of HSCT in patients with IκBα deficiency and suggests that correction of this niche is critical for reconstituting their immune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana L Mooster
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Severine Le Bras
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michel J Massaad
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Haifa Jabara
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Juhan Yoon
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Claire Galand
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Balthasar A Heesters
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Oliver T Burton
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hamid Mattoo
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - John Manis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| |
Collapse
|
200
|
Pidgeon TE, Ahmad F, Hackett S, Rodrigues D, Nishikawa H. Management of a transcranial abscess secondary to interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 deficiency. J Craniofac Surg 2015; 26:e2-3. [PMID: 25569407 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000001184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4) deficiency is a primary immunodeficiency that predisposes to opportunistic pyogenic infections in affected patients. The presentation can be variable, and the microbiological and immunologic management of this condition has been documented; however, the atypical nature of its presentation calls for a different approach in its surgical management. This is the first reported case of transcranial progression of a soft tissue abscess in a patient with IRAK-4 deficiency, with an emphasis on a multidisciplinary approach to treat infection at an extremely vulnerable anatomic site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Edward Pidgeon
- From the *University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry; †Department of Craniofacial Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital National Health Service Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands; and ‡Department of Paediatric Immunology, Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|