151
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Smartphone-Based Whole-Cell Biosensor Platform Utilizing an Immobilization Approach on a Filter Membrane Disk for the Monitoring of Water Toxicants. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20195486. [PMID: 32992697 PMCID: PMC7582319 DOI: 10.3390/s20195486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescent bacteria whole-cell biosensors (WCBs) have been widely used in a range of sensing applications in environmental monitoring and medical diagnostics. However, most of them use planktonic bacteria cells that require complicated signal measurement processes and therefore limit the portability of the biosensor device. In this study, a simple and low-cost immobilization method was examined. The bioluminescent bioreporter bacteria was absorbed on a filter membrane disk. Further optimization of the immobilization process was conducted by comparing different surface materials (polyester and parafilm) or by adding glucose and ampicillin. The filter membrane disks with immobilized bacteria cells were stored at −20 °C for three weeks without a compromise in the stability of its biosensing functionality for water toxicants monitoring. Also, the bacterial immobilized disks were integrated with smartphones-based signal detection. Then, they were exposed to water samples with ethanol, chloroform, and H2O2, as common toxicants. The sensitivity of the smartphone-based WCB for the detection of ethanol, chloroform, and H2O2 was 1% (v/v), 0.02% (v/v), and 0.0006% (v/v), respectively. To conclude, this bacterial immobilization approach demonstrated higher sensitivity, portability, and improved storability than the planktonic counterpart. The developed smartphone-based WCB establishes a model for future applications in the detection of environmental water toxicants.
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152
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Targonska S, Rewak-Soroczynska J, Piecuch A, Paluch E, Szymanski D, Wiglusz RJ. Preparation of a New Biocomposite Designed for Cartilage
Grafting with Antibiofilm Activity. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:24546-24557. [PMID: 33015472 PMCID: PMC7528337 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
New
polymer–inorganic composites with antibiofilm features
based on the granulated poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) and apatite
materials were obtained using a standard hydraulic press. The study
was performed in hydroxy- and fluorapatites doped with different amounts
of silver ions and followed by heat treatment at 600 °C. The
structural, morphological, and physicochemical properties were determined
by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)
spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectrometry
(SEM-EDS), and transition electron microscopy (TEM). The antibacterial
properties of the obtained materials were evaluated against Gram-negative
pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli as well as against Gram-positive
bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis. The cytotoxicity assessment was carried out on the red blood cells
(RBC) as a cell model for in vitro study. Moreover, the biofilm formation
on the biocomposite surface was studied using confocal laser scanning
microscopy (CLSM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Targonska
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Rewak-Soroczynska
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agata Piecuch
- Institute
of Genetics and Microbiology, University
of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Emil Paluch
- Department
of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw
Medical University, Tytusa Chalubinskiego 4, 50-376 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Damian Szymanski
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafal J. Wiglusz
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
- . Phone: +48(071)3954159. Fax: +48(071)3441029
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153
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Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) using riboflavin inhibits the mono and dual species biofilm produced by antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102002. [PMID: 32916327 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multispecies biofilms play a significant role in persistent infections. Furthermore, by interspecies transfer of antibiotic resistance genes, multispecies biofilms spread antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT) using riboflavin on mono and multi species biofilms. METHODS For this we used two clinically relevant opportunistic pathogens species E. coli and S. aureus as mono-species and multispecies biofilms. We did broth dilution assay for antibacterial, crystal violet assay for biofilms and fluorometric study for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production by phenol-HCl method. RESULTS Antibacterial study revealed that photo-illuminated riboflavin shows bactericidal effect against each bacteria and their mix culture. E. coli was found to be little more resistant than S. aureus. Crystal violet assay revealed photo-illuminated riboflavin shows anti-biofilms activity against both mono and mix species biofilms. But mix species biofilms were more resistant to PACT than mono species biofilms. Further study revealed this may be due to the interaction between different EPS production, hence in mix species biofilms EPS production is less affected after PACT than mono species biofilms. We found photo-illuminated riboflavin increased the intracellular ROS production. CONCLUSION Photo-illuminated riboflavin shows bactericidal and anti-biofilms effect against each bacteria and their mix culture. Photo-illuminated increased intracellular ROS production, which may induce the oxidative stress and destroy the respiratory system of bacteria.
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154
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Dapunt U, Prior B, Oelkrug C, Kretzer JP. IgY Targeting Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Molecules in Implant-Associated Infections. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25174027. [PMID: 32899313 PMCID: PMC7504788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25174027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Implant-associated infections are still a major complication in the field of orthopedics. Bacteria can form biofilms on implant surfaces, making them more difficult to detect and treat. Since standard antibiotic therapy is often impaired in biofilm infections, particular interest is directed towards finding treatment alternatives. Biofilm-formation is a well-organized process during which bacteria communicate via quorum-sensing molecules (QSM). The aim of this study was to inhibit bacterial communication by directing avian IgY against specific QSM. Methods: Chicken were immunized against the following QSM: (1) AtlE, a member of the autolysin family which mediates attachment to a surface in Staphylococcus epidermidis; (2) GroEL, the bacterial heat shock protein; (3) PIA (polysaccharide intercellular adhesion), which is essential for cell–cell adhesion in biofilms. Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms were grown and inhibition of biofilm-formation by IgYs was evaluated. Additionally, human osteoblasts were cultivated and biocompatibility of IgYs was tested. Results: We were able to demonstrate that all IgYs reduced biofilm-formation, also without prior immunization. Therefore, the response was probably not specific with regard to the QSM. Osteoblasts were activated by all IgYs which was demonstrated by microscopy and an increased release of IL-8. Conclusions: In conclusion, avian IgY inhibits biofilm-formation, though the underlying mechanism is not yet clear. However, adverse effects on local tissue cells (osteoblasts) were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Dapunt
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49/6221-5625000
| | - Birgit Prior
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Christopher Oelkrug
- Oelkrug Enterprises UG (haftungsbeschraenkt), Gerhart Hauptmann Str. 10, 59387 Ascheberg, Germany;
| | - Jan Philippe Kretzer
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Implant Research, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany;
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155
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Khan F, Tabassum N, Pham DTN, Oloketuyi SF, Kim YM. Molecules involved in motility regulation in Escherichia coli cells: a review. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:889-908. [PMID: 33028083 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1826939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The initial colonization of the host organism by commensal, probiotic, and pathogenic Escherichia coli strains is an important step in the development of infections and biofilms. Sensing and colonization of host cell surfaces are governed by flagellar and fimbriae/pili appendages, respectively. Biofilm formation confers great advantages on pathogenic E. coli cells such as protection against the host immune system, antimicrobial agents, and several environmental stress factors. The transition from planktonic to sessile physiological states involves several signaling cascades and factors responsible for the regulation of flagellar motility in E. coli cells. These regulatory factors have thus become important targets to control pathogenicity. Hence, attenuation of flagellar motility is considered a potential therapy against pathogenic E. coli. The present review describes signaling pathways and proteins involved in direct or indirect regulation of flagellar motility. Furthermore, application strategies for antimotility natural or synthetic compounds are discussed also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Industrial Convergence Bionix Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dung Thuy Nguyen Pham
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Young-Mog Kim
- Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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156
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Abebe GM. The Role of Bacterial Biofilm in Antibiotic Resistance and Food Contamination. Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:1705814. [PMID: 32908520 PMCID: PMC7468660 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1705814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is a microbial association or community attached to different biotic or abiotic surfaces or environments. These surface-attached microbial communities can be found in food, medical, industrial, and natural environments. Biofilm is a critical problem in the medical sector since it is formed on medical implants within human tissue and involved in a multitude of serious chronic infections. Food and food processing surface become an ideal environment for biofilm formation where there are sufficient nutrients for microbial growth and attachment. Therefore, biofilm formation on these surfaces, especially on food processing surface becomes a challenge in food safety and human health. Microorganisms within a biofilm are encased within a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances that can act as a barrier and recalcitrant for different hostile conditions such as sanitizers, antibiotics, and other hygienic conditions. Generally, they persist and exist in food processing environments where they become a source of cross-contamination and foodborne diseases. The other critical issue with biofilm formation is their antibiotic resistance which makes medication difficult, and they use different physical, physiological, and gene-related factors to develop their resistance mechanisms. In order to mitigate their production and develop controlling methods, it is better to understand growth requirements and mechanisms. Therefore, the aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the role of bacterial biofilms in antibiotic resistance and food contamination and emphasizes ways for controlling its production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gedif Meseret Abebe
- Wolaita Sodo University, College of Natural and Computational Science, Department of Biology, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
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157
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Khan F, Oloketuyi SF, Kim YM. Diversity of Bacteria and Bacterial Products as Antibiofilm and Antiquorum Sensing Drugs Against Pathogenic Bacteria. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1156-1179. [PMID: 31020938 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190423161249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria has led to the development of new therapeutic approaches to inhibit biofilm formation as well as interfere quorum sensing (QS) signaling systems. The QS system is a phenomenon in which pathogenic bacteria produce signaling molecules that are involved in cell to cell communication, production of virulence factors, biofilm maturation, and several other functions. In the natural environment, several non-pathogenic bacteria are present as mixed population along with pathogenic bacteria and they control the behavior of microbial community by producing secondary metabolites. Similarly, non-pathogenic bacteria also take advantages of the QS signaling molecule as a sole carbon source for their growth through catabolism with enzymes. Several enzymes are produced by bacteria which disrupt the biofilm architecture by degrading the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) such as exopolysaccharide, extracellular- DNA and protein. Thus, the interference of QS system by bacterial metabolic products and enzymatic catalysis, modification of the QS signaling molecules as well as enzymatic disruption of biofilm architecture have been considered as the alternative therapeutic approaches. This review article elaborates on the diversity of different bacterial species with respect to their metabolic products as well as enzymes and their molecular modes of action. The bacterial enzymes and metabolic products will open new and promising perspectives for the development of strategies against the pathogenic bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | | | - Young-Mog Kim
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
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158
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Hu D, Zou L, Gao Y, Jin Q, Ji J. Emerging nanobiomaterials against bacterial infections in postantibiotic era. VIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Lingyun Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yifan Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Qiao Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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159
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Eskhan AO, Abu-Lail NI. Force-Averaging DLVO Model Predictions of the Adhesion Strengths Quantified for Pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes EGDe Grown under Variable pH Stresses. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:8947-8964. [PMID: 32633976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The roles of the bacterial surface biopolymers of pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes EGDe grown under variable pH conditions in governing their adhesion to a model surface of silicon nitride were investigated using atomic force microscopy under water. Our results indicated that the adhesion forces were the highest for cells cultured in media adjusted to pH 7 followed by 1.39, 1.49, 1.57, and 2.18-fold reductions at pH 6, 8, 9, and 5, respectively. Adhesion energies followed the same trends with 1.35, 1.67, 2.20, and 2.79-fold reductions in energies at pH 6, 8, 9, and 5, respectively, compared to the energy measured at pH 7. Furthermore, the structural properties of the bacterial surface biopolymer brush represented by the biopolymer brush thickness (Lo) and the molecular density (Γ) were determined by fitting a steric model of repulsion to the approach force-distance data. The Lo values followed the same trends as adhesion forces and energies, with thickness being highest at pH 7 followed by 1.82, 2.99, 3.11, and 4.66-fold reductions at pH 6, 8, 9, and 5, respectively. Γ was the highest at pH 5 and was followed by 1.26, 1.27, 1.70, and 2.82-fold reductions at pH 8, 9, 6, and 7, respectively. Our results indicated that bacterial adhesion forces and energies increased linearly with the product of Lo and Γ representing the number of biopolymers per unit length of the bacterial surface. To predict the adhesion forces and energies measured, a force-averaging model of the soft-particle analysis of the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory was used. In addition to the standard parameters accounted for in the soft-particle analysis of the DLVO theory such as surface potential, hydrophobicity, and size, this averaging model incorporates in it structural bacterial parameters such as Lo and Γ as well as a surface coverage factor (ϕ) that represents the fraction of the bacterial surface covered by biopolymers. When the soft-particle analysis of DLVO was considered, repulsive hydrogen bond strengths were predicted at close distances of approach (<0.3 nm). In comparison, the force-averaging model predicted that attractive hydrogen bonds dominate the bacterial adhesion strengths quantified. The highest adhesion quantified for cells grown at pH 7 was related to longer and more spaced biopolymers, higher contents of cellular carbohydrates, and more hydrophilic biopolymers, each of which contributes to higher possibilities for hydrogen bonding formation. These results are significant in designing new strategies that aim at controlling bacterial adhesion to surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma O Eskhan
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Nehal I Abu-Lail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78249, United States
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160
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Peng LH, Liang X, Chang RH, Mu JY, Chen HE, Yoshida A, Osatomi K, Yang JL. A bacterial polysaccharide biosynthesis-related gene inversely regulates larval settlement and metamorphosis of Mytilus coruscus. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:753-765. [PMID: 32847400 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1807520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Larval settlement and metamorphosis is essential for the development of marine invertebrates. Although polysaccharides are involved in larval settlement and metamorphosis of Mytilus coruscus, the molecular basis of polysaccharides underlying this progression remains largely unknown. Here, the roles of the polysaccharide biosynthesis-related gene 01912 of Pseudoalteromonas marina ECSMB14103 in the regulation of larval settlement and metamorphosis were examined by gene-knockout technique. Compared with biofilms (BFs) of the wild-type P. marina, Δ01912 BFs with a higher colanic acid (CA) content showed a higher inducing activity on larval settlement and metamorphosis. Deletion of the 01912 gene caused an increase in c-di-GMP levels, accompanied by a decrease in the motility, an increase in cell aggregation, and overproduction of CA. Thus, the bacterial polysaccharide biosynthesis-related gene 01912 may regulate mussel settlement by producing CA via the coordination of c-di-GMP. This work provides a deeper insight into the molecular mechanism of polysaccharides in modulating mussel settlement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Peng
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Heng Chang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yi Mu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-E Chen
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Asami Yoshida
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Osatomi
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jin-Long Yang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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161
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Forson AM, van der Mei HC, Sjollema J. Impact of solid surface hydrophobicity and micrococcal nuclease production on Staphylococcus aureus Newman biofilms. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12093. [PMID: 32694559 PMCID: PMC7374737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is commonly associated with biofilm-related infections and contributes to the large financial loss that accompany nosocomial infections. The micrococcal nuclease Nuc1 enzyme limits biofilm formation via cleavage of eDNA, a structural component of the biofilm matrix. Solid surface hydrophobicity influences bacterial adhesion forces and may as well influence eDNA production. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the impact of Nuc1 activity is dependent on surface characteristics of solid surfaces. For this reason, this study investigated the influence of solid surface hydrophobicity on S. aureus Newman biofilms where Nuc1 is constitutively produced. To this end, biofilms of both a wild-type and a nuc1 knockout mutant strain, grown on glass, salinized glass and Pluronic F-127-coated silanized glass were analysed. Results indicated that biofilms can grow in the presence of Nuc1 activity. Also, Nuc1 and solid surface hydrophobicity significantly affected the biofilm 3D-architecture. In particular, biofilm densities of the wild-type strain on hydrophilic surfaces appeared higher than of the mutant nuc1 knockout strain. Since virulence is related to bacterial cell densities, this suggests that the virulence of S. aureus Newman biofilms is increased by its nuclease production in particular on a hydrophilic surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail M Forson
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henny C van der Mei
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelmer Sjollema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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162
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Dapunt U, Bürkle C, Günther F, Pepke W, Hemmer S, Akbar M. [Infections after hip and knee replacement surgery and after spinal fusion: a comparison]. DER ORTHOPADE 2020; 49:710-713. [PMID: 32642940 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-020-03944-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U Dapunt
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
| | - C Bürkle
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - F Günther
- Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitätsklinikum Marburg, Marburg, Deutschland
| | - W Pepke
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - S Hemmer
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - M Akbar
- Clinic für Wirbelsäulenerkrankungen und -Therapien, MEOCLINIC, Berlin, Deutschland
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163
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Flores-Barbosa AB, Aizpuru A, Quijano G, Arriaga S. Evaluation of bioaerosols by flow cytometry and removal performance in a biofilter treating toluene/ethyl acetate vapors. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126404. [PMID: 32169711 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The removal efficiency (RE) and bioaerosol emission of a perlite biofilter treating vapors of toluene (T) and/or ethyl acetate (EA) were assessed, under different operating conditions, during 171 days. Under the first stages of operation, a mixture of EA and T was treated, with equivalent inlet loads (ILs) of each compound (ranging from 26 to 84 g m-3 h-1), achieving a 100% RE of EA, and a maximum elimination capacity (EC) of T of 58.7 g m-3 h-1. An inhibition of T removal was noted in presence of EA, as T was treated subsequently to EA, along biofilter depth. A 17 days starvation period induced no global deterioration of performance regarding EA removal, but a 50% lower RE of T. Suspension of one contaminant, with interspersed feeding of only one component of the mixture, caused a permanent drop of the RE of EA (to 87.3%), after a T only feeding of 41 days. Flow cytometry (FC) was applied for quantification of bioaerosols, allowing for differentiation between viable, dead and damaged cells. During the overall biofilter operation, bioaerosol emission was not statistically different from bioaerosol retention. However, the biofilter significantly emitted bioaerosols (mostly viable cells) during start-up and IL increase, whereas a global retention of dead cells was observed during the interspersed feeding of one contaminant. Bioaerosols measured by FC (107 Cells m-3) were three orders of magnitude greater than with plate counting dishes, indicating that FC does not underestimate bioaerosols as culture dependent techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Betsabé Flores-Barbosa
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICyT), División de Ciencias Ambientales, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, CP 78216, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Aitor Aizpuru
- Universidad del Mar, Campus Puerto Ángel, San Pedro Pochutla, 70902, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Quijano
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Unidad Academica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Sonia Arriaga
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICyT), División de Ciencias Ambientales, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, CP 78216, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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164
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Deng J, Molaei M, Chisholm NG, Stebe KJ. Motile Bacteria at Oil-Water Interfaces: Pseudomonas aeruginosa. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6888-6902. [PMID: 32097012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are important examples of active or self-propelled colloids. Because of their directed motion, they accumulate near interfaces. There, they can become trapped and swim adjacent to the interface via hydrodynamic interactions, or they can adsorb directly and swim in an adhered state with complex trajectories that differ from those in bulk in both form and spatiotemporal implications. We have adopted the monotrichous bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 as a model species and have studied its motion at oil-aqueous interfaces. We have identified conditions in which bacteria swim persistently without restructuring the interface, allowing detailed and prolonged study of their motion. In addition to characterizing the ensemble behavior of the bacteria, we have observed a gallery of distinct trajectories of individual swimmers on and near fluid interfaces. We attribute these diverse swimming behaviors to differing trapped states for the bacteria in the fluid interface. These trajectory types include Brownian diffusive paths for passive adsorbed bacteria, curvilinear trajectories including curly paths with radii of curvature larger than the cell body length, and rapid pirouette motions with radii of curvature comparable to the cell body length. Finally, we see interfacial visitors that come and go from the interfacial plane. We characterize these individual swimmer motions. This work may impact nutrient cycles for bacteria on or near interfaces in nature. This work will also have implications in microrobotics, as active colloids in general and bacteria in particular are used to carry cargo in this burgeoning field. Finally, these results have implications in engineering of active surfaces that exploit interfacially trapped self-propelled colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Deng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Mehdi Molaei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Nicholas G Chisholm
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Kathleen J Stebe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
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165
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Kuruwita DP, Jiang X, Darby D, Sharp JL, Fraser AM. Persistence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes on the exterior of three common food packaging materials. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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166
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Kiessling AR, Malik A, Goldman A. Recent advances in the understanding of trimeric autotransporter adhesins. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:233-242. [PMID: 31865405 PMCID: PMC7247746 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion is the initial step in the infection process of gram-negative bacteria. It is usually followed by the formation of biofilms that serve as a hub for further spread of the infection. Type V secretion systems engage in this process by binding to components of the extracellular matrix, which is the first step in the infection process. At the same time they provide protection from the immune system by either binding components of the innate immune system or by establishing a physical layer against aggressors. Trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs) are of particular interest in this family of proteins as they possess a unique structural composition which arises from constraints during translocation. The sequence of individual domains can vary dramatically while the overall structure can be very similar to one another. This patchwork approach allows researchers to draw conclusions of the underlying function of a specific domain in a structure-based approach which underscores the importance of solving structures of yet uncharacterized TAAs and their individual domains to estimate the full extent of functions of the protein a priori. Here, we describe recent advances in understanding the translocation process of TAAs and give an overview of structural motifs that are unique to this class of proteins. The role of BpaC in the infection process of Burkholderia pseudomallei is highlighted as an exceptional example of a TAA being at the centre of infection initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas R. Kiessling
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT England, UK
| | - Anchal Malik
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT England, UK
| | - Adrian Goldman
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT England, UK
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, FIN-0014 Helsinki, Finland
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167
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Oyewole OA, Mitchell J, Thresh S, Zinkevich V. The purification and functional study of new compounds produced by Escherichia coli that influence the growth of sulfate reducing bacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/2314808x.2020.1752033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julian Mitchell
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Sarah Thresh
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Vitaly Zinkevich
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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168
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Muhammad MH, Idris AL, Fan X, Guo Y, Yu Y, Jin X, Qiu J, Guan X, Huang T. Beyond Risk: Bacterial Biofilms and Their Regulating Approaches. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:928. [PMID: 32508772 PMCID: PMC7253578 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are complex surface attached communities of bacteria held together by self-produced polymer matrixs mainly composed of polysaccharides, secreted proteins, and extracellular DNAs. Bacterial biofilm formation is a complex process and can be described in five main phases: (i) reversible attachment phase, where bacteria non-specifically attach to surfaces; (ii) irreversible attachment phase, which involves interaction between bacterial cells and a surface using bacterial adhesins such as fimbriae and lipopolysaccharide (LPS); (iii) production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by the resident bacterial cells; (iv) biofilm maturation phase, in which bacterial cells synthesize and release signaling molecules to sense the presence of each other, conducing to the formation of microcolony and maturation of biofilms; and (v) dispersal/detachment phase, where the bacterial cells depart biofilms and comeback to independent planktonic lifestyle. Biofilm formation is detrimental in healthcare, drinking water distribution systems, food, and marine industries, etc. As a result, current studies have been focused toward control and prevention of biofilms. In an effort to get rid of harmful biofilms, various techniques and approaches have been employed that interfere with bacterial attachment, bacterial communication systems (quorum sensing, QS), and biofilm matrixs. Biofilms, however, also offer beneficial roles in a variety of fields including applications in plant protection, bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and corrosion inhibition amongst others. Development of beneficial biofilms can be promoted through manipulation of adhesion surfaces, QS and environmental conditions. This review describes the events involved in bacterial biofilm formation, lists the negative and positive aspects associated with bacterial biofilms, elaborates the main strategies currently used to regulate establishment of harmful bacterial biofilms as well as certain strategies employed to encourage formation of beneficial bacterial biofilms, and highlights the future perspectives of bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tianpei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences & College of Plant Protection & International College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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169
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Kamarajan BP, Muthusamy A. Survival strategy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the nanopillar topography of dragonfly (Pantala flavescens) wing. AMB Express 2020; 10:85. [PMID: 32378141 PMCID: PMC7203277 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of nanopillars on the surface of the insect wings had led to the understanding of its bactericidal property. Nanopillar topography is deterrent to only those bacteria that are attached, or in close contact with the nanopillars. The present study investigated the variation in the viability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains PAO1 (virulent) and ATCC 9027 (avirulent) on the wing surface of dragonfly (Pantala flavescens). Viability study indicated that only 0.2% ATCC 9027 survived when incubated with wing for 48 h in Phosphate buffered saline, while under the same conditions 43.47% PAO1 survived. Enumeration of Pseudomonas attached to wing surface suggested that, the number of PAO1 attached on the wing surface was three times lesser than ATCC 9027. Propensity of attachment of P. aeruginosa strains PAO1 and ATCC 9027 on the wing surface investigated using scanning probe microscope indicated that P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 showed adhesion to 88% of regions and, PAO1 showed adhesion to only 48% regions tested on wing surface. PAO1 survived the bactericidal effect of wing surface by evading attachment. Three clinical isolates tested which showed viability similar to PAO1 strain, also showed lower propensity to attach to wing surface. Transcriptional level analyses using RT-PCR suggested that flagellar genes (fliE and fleS) were downregulated and genes responsible for reversible to irreversible attachment (gcbA and rsmZ) were upregulated in ATCC 9027 than PAO1 on wing surface, indicating relatively higher attachment of ATCC 9027 on wing surface. The study suggests that virulent strains of P. aeruginosa may evade attachment on wing surface. The results gain significance as bioinspired surfaces are being created towards developing antibacterial medical implants and other antibacterial surface applications.
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170
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Barros CHN, Devlin H, Hiebner DW, Vitale S, Quinn L, Casey E. Enhancing curcumin's solubility and antibiofilm activity via silica surface modification. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:1694-1708. [PMID: 36132306 PMCID: PMC9418611 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00041h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are microbial communities in which bacterial cells in sessile state are mechanically and chemically protected against foreign agents, thus enhancing antibiotic resistance. The delivery of active compounds to the inside of biofilms is often hindered due to the existence of the biofilm extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and to the poor solubility of drugs and antibiotics. A possible strategy to overcome the EPS barrier is the incorporation of antimicrobial agents into a nanocarrier, able to penetrate the matrix and deliver the active substance to the cells. Here, we report the synthesis of antimicrobial curcumin-conjugated silica nanoparticles (curc-NPs) as a possibility for dealing with these issues. Curcumin is a known antimicrobial agent and to overcome its low solubility in water it was grafted onto the surface of silica nanoparticles, the latter functioning as nanocarrier for curcumin into the biofilm. Curc-NPs were able to impede the formation of model P. putida biofilms up to 50% and disrupt mature biofilms up to 54% at 2.5 mg mL-1. Cell viability of sessile cells in both cases was also considerably affected, which is not observed for curcumin delivered as a free compound at the same concentration. Furthermore, proteomics of extracted EPS matrix of biofilms grown in the presence of free curcumin and curc-NPs revealed differences in the expression of key proteins related to cell detoxification and energy production. Therefore, curc-NPs are presented here as an alternative for curcumin delivery that can be exploited not only to other bacterial strains but also to further biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio H N Barros
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin Ireland
| | - Henry Devlin
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin Ireland
| | - Dishon W Hiebner
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin Ireland
| | - Stefania Vitale
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin Ireland
| | - Laura Quinn
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin Ireland
| | - Eoin Casey
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin Ireland
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171
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Kearns KL, Boyd JD, Grady ME. Biofilm rupture by laser-induced stress waves increases with loading amplitude, independent of location. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1426-1433. [PMID: 34056561 PMCID: PMC8162196 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Integral to the production of safe and biocompatible medical devices is to determine the interfacial properties that affect or control strong biofilm adhesion. The laser spallation technique has recently emerged as an advantageous method to quantify biofilm adhesion across candidate biomedical surfaces. However, there is a possibility that membrane tension is a factor that contributes to the stress required to separate biofilm and substrate. In that case, the stress amplitude, controlled by laser fluence, that initiates biofilm rupture would vary systematically with location on the biofilm. Film rupture, also known as spallation, occurs when film material is ejected during stress wave loading. In order to determine effects of membrane tension on the laser spallation process, we present a protocol that measures spall size with increasing laser fluence (variable fluence) and with respect to distance from the biofilm centroid (iso-fluence). Streptococcus mutans biofilms on titanium substrates serve as our model system. A total of 185 biofilm loading locations are analyzed in this study. We demonstrate that biofilm spall size increases monotonically with laser fluence and apply our procedure to failure of non-biological films. In iso-fluence experiments, no correlation is found between biofilm spall size and loading location, thus providing evidence that membrane tension does not play a dominant role in biofilm adhesion measurements. We recommend our procedure as a straightforward method to determine membrane effects in the measurement of adhesion of biological films on substrate surfaces via the laser spallation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn L. Kearns
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 506 Administration Drive, Lexington, KY, 40506
| | - James D. Boyd
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 506 Administration Drive, Lexington, KY, 40506
| | - Martha E. Grady
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 506 Administration Drive, Lexington, KY, 40506
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172
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Sun V, Jarisz TA, Wunsch L, Hore DK. Monitoring Early Stages of Bacterial Adhesion at Silica Surfaces through Image Analysis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2120-2128. [PMID: 32011148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces are important phenomena with industrial, environmental, and biological relevance. Recent findings using vibrational spectroscopy to study Escherichia coli (E. coli) K12 adhesion on silica indicated that interfacial water signals are linked to changes at the surface in the presence of bacteria. Although such techniques provide a unique glimpse into the surface microenvironment, the origin of the features tracked by the water signals remains to be identified. Here, we have used brightfield microscopy with enhanced image processing to study E. coli K12 adhering to silica. Although most of the clusters of cells on the surface are small, with many individual cells adhered throughout the exponential phase, the overall surface coverage was found to be dominated by clusters greater than 100 μm2 in area. However, it is the adhesion profile of the small clusters that most closely matches the interfacial water signals, suggesting that surface-bound water changes immediately upon adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Tasha A Jarisz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Lennard Wunsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Dennis K Hore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
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173
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Srinivasan S. Biofilms and post-surgical ocular inflammation. J Cataract Refract Surg 2020; 46:331-332. [DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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174
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Kothari A, Kumar S, Omar BJ, Kiran K. Detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production by disc diffusion method among Pseudomonas species from various clinical samples. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:683-693. [PMID: 32318403 PMCID: PMC7114052 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_570_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim/Objectives This study was aimed to detect extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Pseudomonas species isolated from various clinical samples by phenotypic methods with their susceptibility testing. Materials and Methods Hundred Pseudomonas isolates were taken from various clinical samples of patients attending outpatient department (OPD) and inpatient department (IPD). Antimicrobial susceptibility test and ESBL detection were assessed using CLSI guidelines on Mueller Hinton agar. Results Out of 100 Pseudomonas isolates, 46 isolates were from female and 54 were from male patients. More cases of pseudomonal infection were in the age group between 46 and 60 years (34%), and 59% of Pseudomonas species were isolated from patients belongs to urban areas and the rest 41% were from rural. The isolates collected from OPD were 61% and rest 39% from IPD. Pseudomonas species showed maximum resistance to cephalosporin group of antibiotics and showed least resistance to imipenem, and showed 100% susceptibility to colistin. ESBL production was detected in 42% of total isolates. Conclusion The present study highlights that the Pseudomonas species remains an important cause of nosocomial infections. ESBL producing Pseudomonas species continue to be an important organism causing life-threatening infections. Multidrug resistance was seen in most of the strains. Resistance is developing even to combination of ceftazidime clavulanic acid. Resistance is developing to last resort of antibiotic, i.e. imipenem also. This gives the alarming signal for the future, making the therapeutic options more difficult. Strict infection control measures are to be taken to contain this so-called water and soil organisms as Pseudomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kothari
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar
- Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Balram Ji Omar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kamini Kiran
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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175
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Mu YQ, Xie TT, Zeng H, Chen W, Wan CX, Zhang LL. Streptomyces-derived actinomycin D inhibits biofilm formation via downregulating ica locus and decreasing production of PIA in Staphylococcus epidermidis. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:1201-1207. [PMID: 31808241 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to investigate the biofilm inhibitory activity of Streptomyces-derived actinomycin D against biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis. METHODS AND RESULTS The microtitre plate method and microscopy were used to detect the biofilm formation of S. epidermidis. And an attempt was made to detect the effect of actinomycin D on important biofilm components, exopolysaccharides (EPS) in S. epidermidis using precolumn derivation HPLC. Also cell surface hydrophobicities of S. epidermidis were assessed to explore action mechanisms. The qPCR was performed to demonstrate the genetic mechanisms of biofilm formation by S. epidermidis. Unlike other antibiotics, actinomycin D (1·5 μg ml-1 ) from Streptomyces luteus significantly inhibited biofilm formation by S. epidermidis. Additionally, it effectively inhibited S. epidermidis cells from adhering to glass slides. Actinomycin D downregulated ica locus and then the reduced polysaccharide intercellular adhesin production caused S. epidermidis cells to become less hydrophobic, thus supporting its anti-biofilm effect. CONCLUSION Streptomyces-derived actinomycin D is active in inhibiting the biofilm formation of S. epidermidis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Actinomycin D can be used as a promising antibiofilm agent in inhibiting S. epidermidis biofilm formation. The study is also the first insight into how actinomycin D inhibited the biofilm formation of S. epidermidis. Actinomycin D could potentially be used to reduce the risk of biofilm-associated infections. Our study also suggests that the metabolites from Actinomycete strains keep further attention as potential antibiofilm agents against biofilm formation of S. epidermidis, even biofilm infections of the other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Mu
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - T T Xie
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - H Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - W Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China.,Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandy & Science Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, College of Animal Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - C X Wan
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - L L Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
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176
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Kim LH, Vrouwenvelder JS. Insignificant Impact of Chemotactic Responses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the Bacterial Attachment to Organic Pre-Conditioned RO Membranes. MEMBRANES 2019; 9:membranes9120162. [PMID: 31810273 PMCID: PMC6950137 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9120162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the impact of conditioning compositions on the way bacteria move and adhere to reverse osmosis (RO) membranes that have been pre-conditioned by organic compounds. We used humic acid (HA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and sodium alginate (SA) to simulate conditioning layers on the RO membranes. First, we investigated the chemotactic responses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to the organic substances and the impact of changes in physicochemical characteristics of pre-conditioned membranes on bacterial attachment. Second, we observed bacterial attachment under the presence or absence of nutrients or microbial metabolic activity. Results showed that there was no relationship between the chemotactic response of P. aeruginosa PAO1 and the organic substances, and the changes in hydrophobicity, surface free energy, and surface charge resulting from changing the composition of the conditioning layer did not seem to affect bacterial attachment, whereas changing the roughness of the conditioned membrane exponentially did (exponential correlation coefficient, R2 = 0.85). We found that the initial bacterial attachment on the membrane surface is influenced by (i) the nutrients in the feed solution and (ii) the microbial metabolic activity, whereas the chemotaxis response has a negligible impact. This study would help to establish a suitable strategy to manage bacterial attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Hee Kim
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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177
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Vinay TN, Ray AK, Avunje S, Thangaraj SK, Krishnappa H, Viswanathan B, Reddy MA, Vijayan KK, Patil PK. Vibrio harveyi biofilm as immunostimulant candidate for high-health pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei farming. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:498-505. [PMID: 31698068 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study was to develop Vibrio harveyi biofilm-based novel microbial product and its oral delivery for high health Penaeus vannamei farming. Yield of bacterial biofilm was optimized on chitin substrate (size: <360, 360-850 and 850-1250 μm; concentration: 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9%) in tryptone soy broth (0.15%). The biofilm was characterized by crystal violet assay, SEM and LSCM imaging; protein profiling by SDS-PAGE and LC-ESI-MS/MS. The immune stimulatory effect of the biofilm in yard experiments was evaluated by relative quantification of immune genes using real-time PCR effect on overall improvement on health status under field trials. The highest biofilm yield (6.13 ± 0.2 × 107 cfu/ml) was obtained at 0.6% of <360 μm chitin substrate. The biofilm formation was stabilized by 96 h of incubation at 30 °C. Protein profiling confirmed expression of six additional proteins (SDS-PAGE) and 11 proteins were differentially expressed (LC-ESI-MS/MS) in biofilm cells over free cells of V. harveyi. Oral administration of the biofilm for 48 h confirmed to enhance expression of antimicrobial peptides, penaeidin, crustin and lysozyme in P. vannamei. Further Oral administration of biofilm for two weeks to P. vannamei (1.8 ± 0.13 g) improved the growth (2.66 ± 0.06 g) and survival (84.44 ± 1.82%) compared to control (2.15 ± 0.03 g; 70.94 ± 0.66%) Nursery trials showed a significant reduction in occurrence of anatomical deformities like antenna cut (12.67 ± 0.66%), rostrum cut (4.66 ± 0.87%), and tail rot (3.33 ± 0.88%), compared to animals fed with normal diet which was 24.33 ± 2.72; 14 ± 1.52 and 10.66 ± 1.45% respectively. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest inactivated biofilm cells of V. harveyi on chitin substrate express additional antigenic proteins and when administered orally through feed at regular intervals stimulates immune response and improve growth, survival and health status of shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arvind Kumar Ray
- ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, India
| | - Satheesha Avunje
- ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, India
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178
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Barros CED, Almeida JAD, Silva MHE, Ayres GHDS, Oliveira CGD, Braga CADSB, Avelino MAG. Pediatric tracheostomy: epidemiology and characterization of tracheal secretion - a literature review. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2019; 65:1502-1507. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.12.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Despite the benefits, tracheostomized children are susceptible to respiratory infections, since the tube is located in a strategic region where there is colonization by several bacteria and biofilm formation. Biofilm is formed when the bacteria adhere strongly to the surfaces of the tubes, providing protection against various types of aggression, such as antibiotic treatment. OBJECTIVE To carry out a literature review of the last ten years on tracheostomized pediatric patients, in order to characterize the bacteria isolated in children’s tracheal secretions, and verify which ones are the most frequent. METHODS Two authors searched the Lilacs, SciELO, Medline Plus, and PubMed databases. The MeSH terms used were: ‘tracheostomy’ and ‘tracheotomy’ associated with ‘infections’, ‘children’, ‘child’, and ‘bacterial’ as qualifiers. RESULTS Of the 512 studies on the subject, 19 were selected for review. The total number of children evaluated in the studies was 4,472, with a mean age of 7.5 years. As for the bacteria found in the secretions of tracheostomized children, 12 species of bacteria were more frequent, P. aeruginosa was the predominant bacterium, followed by S. aureus (63.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (57.8%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (47.3%), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (47.3%). CONCLUSION One of the main complications treated in tracheostomized patients were infections, since the respiratory system is colonized by several bacteria that can cause serious infections, which are associated with the formation of biofilms. The predominant bacterium in most of the studies was P. aeruginosa, and the second species commonly reported was S. aureus.
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179
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Verderosa AD, Totsika M, Fairfull-Smith KE. Bacterial Biofilm Eradication Agents: A Current Review. Front Chem 2019; 7:824. [PMID: 31850313 PMCID: PMC6893625 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most free-living bacteria can attach to surfaces and aggregate to grow into multicellular communities encased in extracellular polymeric substances called biofilms. Biofilms are recalcitrant to antibiotic therapy and a major cause of persistent and recurrent infections by clinically important pathogens worldwide (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus). Currently, most biofilm remediation strategies involve the development of biofilm-inhibition agents, aimed at preventing the early stages of biofilm formation, or biofilm-dispersal agents, aimed at disrupting the biofilm cell community. While both strategies offer some clinical promise, neither represents a direct treatment and eradication strategy for established biofilms. Consequently, the discovery and development of biofilm eradication agents as comprehensive, stand-alone biofilm treatment options has become a fundamental area of research. Here we review our current understanding of biofilm antibiotic tolerance mechanisms and provide an overview of biofilm remediation strategies, focusing primarily on the most promising biofilm eradication agents and approaches. Many of these offer exciting prospects for the future of biofilm therapeutics for a large number of infections that are currently refractory to conventional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Verderosa
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Makrina Totsika
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kathryn E Fairfull-Smith
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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180
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Global Comparison of the Bacterial Communities of Bilge Water, Boat Surfaces, and External Port Water. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01804-19. [PMID: 31585994 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01804-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past, ballast water has been a key vector in the ship-mediated dispersal of invasive species. Here, we evaluate the potential for port microorganisms to enter and colonize the hull and bilge water of ships. Due to the small size and ubiquitous nature of bacteria, they also have the potential to be spread through hull fouling and bilge water discharge. The goal of this study was to identify the extent to which the boat microbial community is shaped by the microbial community in the port water where the boat spends most of its time. Here, we compared the microbial communities of the hull and bilge compartments of 20 boats to those of the port water in 20 different ports in five regions around the world. We found that there was a significant difference in microbial diversity between boat and port microbial communities. Despite these differences, we found that Cyanobacteria were present at high abundances in the bilge water of most vessels. Due to the limited light in the bilge, the presence of Cyanobacteria suggests that port microorganisms can enter the bilge. Using source-tracking software, we found that, on average, 40% of the bilge and 52% of the hull microbial communities were derived from water. These findings suggest that the bilge of a vessel contains a diverse microbial community that is influenced by the port microbial community and has the potential to serve as an underappreciated vector for dispersal of life.IMPORTANCE Invasive species have been a worldwide problem for many years. However, the potential for microorganisms to become invasive is relatively underexplored. As the tools to study bacterial communities become more affordable, we are able to perform large-scale studies and examine bacterial communities in higher resolution than was previously practical. This study looked at the potential for bacteria to colonize both boat surfaces and bilge water. We describe the bacterial communities on boats in 20 shipping ports in five regions around the world, describing how these microorganisms were similar to microorganisms found in port water. This suggests that the water influences the bacterial community of a boat and that microorganisms living on a boat could be moved from place to place when the boat travels.
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181
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Mwangi J, Hao X, Lai R, Zhang ZY. Antimicrobial peptides: new hope in the war against multidrug resistance. Zool Res 2019; 40:488-505. [PMID: 31592585 PMCID: PMC6822926 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics marked a golden age in the revolution of human medicine. However, decades later, bacterial infections remain a global healthcare threat, and a return to the pre-antibiotic era seems inevitable if stringent measures are not adopted to curb the rapid emergence and spread of multidrug resistance and the indiscriminate use of antibiotics. In hospital settings, multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens, including carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) bearing Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae are amongst the most problematic due to the paucity of treatment options, increased hospital stay, and exorbitant medical costs. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) provide an excellent potential strategy for combating these threats. Compared to empirical antibiotics, they show low tendency to select for resistance, rapid killing action, broad-spectrum activity, and extraordinary clinical efficacy against several MDR strains. Therefore, this review highlights multidrug resistance among nosocomial bacterial pathogens and its implications and reiterates the importance of AMPs as next-generation antibiotics for combating MDR superbugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Mwangi
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650204, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Xue Hao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Ren Lai
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
- Institutes for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Hubei 430071, China
| | - Zhi-Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China, E-mail:
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182
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Campoccia D, Mirzaei R, Montanaro L, Arciola CR. Hijacking of immune defences by biofilms: a multifront strategy. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:1055-1074. [PMID: 31762334 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1689964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation by pathogens and opportunistic bacteria is the basis of persistent or recurrent infections. Up to 80% of bacterial infections in humans are associated with biofilms. Despite the efficiency of the evolved and complex human defence system against planktonic bacteria, biofilms are capable of subverting host defences. The immune system is not completely effective in opposing bacteria and preventing infection. Increasing attention is being focussed on the mechanisms enabling bacterial biofilms to skew the coordinate action of humoral and cell mediated responses. Knowledge of the interactions between biofilm bacteria and the immune system is critical to effectively address biofilm infections, which have multiplied over the years with the spread of biomaterials in medicine. In this article, the latest information on the interactions between bacterial biofilms and immune cells is examined and the areas where of information is still lacking are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Campoccia
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all'Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lucio Montanaro
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all'Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Renata Arciola
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all'Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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183
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Rijavec T, Zrimec J, van Spanning R, Lapanje A. Natural Microbial Communities Can Be Manipulated by Artificially Constructed Biofilms. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901408. [PMID: 31763146 PMCID: PMC6865284 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling proceeds in successive steps where the primary colonizers affect the phylogenetic and functional structure of a future microbial consortium. Using microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) as a study case, a novel approach for material surface protection is described, which does not prevent biofouling, but rather shapes the process of natural biofilm development to exclude MIC-related microorganisms. This approach interferes with the early steps of natural biofilm formation affecting how the community is finally developed. It is based on a multilayer artificial biofilm, composed of electrostatically modified bacterial cells, producing antimicrobial compounds, extracellular antimicrobial polyelectrolyte matrix, and a water-proof rubber elastomer barrier. The artificial biofilm is constructed layer-by-layer (LBL) by manipulating the electrostatic interactions between microbial cells and material surfaces. Field testing on standard steel coupons exposed in the sea for more than 30 days followed by laboratory analyses using molecular-biology tools demonstrate that the preapplied artificial biofilm affects the phylogenetic structure of the developing natural biofilm, reducing phylogenetic diversity and excluding MIC-related bacteria. This sustainable solution for material protection showcases the usefulness of artificially guiding microbial evolutionary processes via the electrostatic modification and controlled delivery of bacterial cells and extracellular matrix to the exposed material surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaž Rijavec
- Department of Environmental SciencesJožef Stefan InstituteJamova cesta 391000LjubljanaSlovenia
- Institute of Metagenomics and Microbial TechnologiesClevelandska ulica 191000LjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Jan Zrimec
- Institute of Metagenomics and Microbial TechnologiesClevelandska ulica 191000LjubljanaSlovenia
- Systems and Synthetic BiologyChalmers University of TechnologyKemivägen 10412 96GöteborgSweden
| | - Rob van Spanning
- Systems BioinformaticsFaculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 11051081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Aleš Lapanje
- Department of Environmental SciencesJožef Stefan InstituteJamova cesta 391000LjubljanaSlovenia
- Institute of Metagenomics and Microbial TechnologiesClevelandska ulica 191000LjubljanaSlovenia
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184
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Angulo-Zamudio UA, Vidal JE, Nazmi K, Bolscher JGM, Leon-Sicairos C, Antezana BS, Canizalez-Roman A, León-Sicairos N. Lactoferrin Disaggregates Pneumococcal Biofilms and Inhibits Acquisition of Resistance Through Its DNase Activity. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2386. [PMID: 31681240 PMCID: PMC6813537 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae colonizes the upper airways of children and the elderly. Colonization progresses to persistent carriage when S. pneumoniae forms biofilms, a feature required for the development of pneumococcal disease. Nasopharyngeal biofilms are structured with a matrix that includes extracellular DNA (eDNA), which is sourced from the same pneumococci and other bacteria. This eDNA also allows pneumococci to acquire new traits, including antibiotic resistance genes. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of lactoferrin (LF), at physiological concentrations found in secretions with bactericidal activity [i.e., colostrum (100 μM), tears (25 μM)], in eradicating pneumococcal biofilms from human respiratory cells. The efficacy of synthetic LF-derived peptides was also assessed. We first demonstrated that LF inhibited colonization of S. pneumoniae on human respiratory cells without affecting the viability of planktonic bacteria. LF-derived peptides were, however, bactericidal for planktonic pneumococci but they did not affect viability of pre-formed biofilms. In contrast, LF (40 and 80 μM) eradicated pneumococcal biofilms that had been pre-formed on abiotic surfaces (i.e., polystyrene) and on human pharyngeal cells, as investigated by viable counts and confocal microscopy. LF also eradicated biofilms formed by S. pneumoniae strains with resistance to multiple antibiotics. We investigated whether treatment with LF would affect the biofilm structure by analyzing eDNA. Surprisingly, in pneumococcal biofilms treated with LF, the eDNA was absent in comparison to the untreated control (∼10 μg/ml) or those treated with LF-derived peptides. EMSA assays showed that LF binds S. pneumoniae DNA and a time-course study of DNA decay demonstrated that the DNA is degraded when bound by LF. This LF-associated DNase activity inhibited acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes in both in vitro transformation assays and in a life-like bioreactor system. In conclusion, we demonstrated that LF eradicates pneumococcal-colonizing biofilms at a concentration safe for humans and identified a LF-associated DNAse activity that inhibited the acquisition of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel A Angulo-Zamudio
- CIASaP, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico.,Programa Regional del Noroeste para el Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Jorge E Vidal
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan G M Bolscher
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Claudia Leon-Sicairos
- Programa Regional del Noroeste para el Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Brenda S Antezana
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Adrián Canizalez-Roman
- CIASaP, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital de la Mujer, Servicios de Salud de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Nidia León-Sicairos
- CIASaP, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico.,Departamento de Investigación del Hospital Pediátrico de Sinaloa, Servicios de Salud de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
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185
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Adhesion abilities and biosorption of Cd and Mg by microorganisms - first step for eco-friendly beneficiation of phosphate ore. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12929. [PMID: 31506570 PMCID: PMC6737029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical reagents used in traditional mineral processing can be toxic and hazardous for the environment. Therefore, the use of biotechnological methods is becoming increasingly important. Great hopes are being placed in the use of microorganisms for bio-beneficiation of raw materials. However, assessment of adhesion abilities of bacteria onto minerals surface as well as biosorption of metals are essential steps before designing final process of each ore beneficiation. The main aim of this work was an investigation of biosorption of Cd and Mg, as well as adhesion abilities of five microorganism species with minerals included in the natural mixture of phosphate ore form Djebel Onk, Algeria. The ore, due to its unique composition, created conditions for adhesion of all five tested microbial strains onto apatite surface during incubation at pH 3. Moreover, Rhodococcus erythropolis CD 130, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli adhered distinctly onto apatite surface during incubation at pH 7. Incubation lasting 20 min at pH 4-6 created the most favorable conditions for biosorption of metals by B. subtilis and adhesion of cells. In case of C. albicans, biosorption of metals as well as adhesion of cells onto the mineral surface were more effective after longer time and in a wider pH range.
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186
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Arciola CR, Campoccia D, Montanaro L. Implant infections: adhesion, biofilm formation and immune evasion. Nat Rev Microbiol 2019; 16:397-409. [PMID: 29720707 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-018-0019-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1051] [Impact Index Per Article: 210.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Medical device-associated infections account for a large proportion of hospital-acquired infections. A variety of opportunistic pathogens can cause implant infections, depending on the type of the implant and on the anatomical site of implantation. The success of these versatile pathogens depends on rapid adhesion to virtually all biomaterial surfaces and survival in the hostile host environment. Biofilm formation on implant surfaces shelters the bacteria and encourages persistence of infection. Furthermore, implant-infecting bacteria can elude innate and adaptive host defences as well as biocides and antibiotic chemotherapies. In this Review, we explore the fundamental pathogenic mechanisms underlying implant infections, highlighting orthopaedic implants and Staphylococcus aureus as a prime example, and discuss innovative targets for preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Renata Arciola
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy. .,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Davide Campoccia
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Montanaro
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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187
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Cho P, Boost MV. Evaluation of prevention and disruption of biofilm in contact lens cases. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2019; 39:337-349. [PMID: 31435968 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The presence of biofilm in the lens case has been shown to be a risk factor for contamination of lenses and consequently microbial keratitis. This study aimed to evaluate effectiveness of solutions for rigid contact lenses in prevention and disruption of biofilm in lens cases and methods for biofilm detection. METHOD This study adopted a stepwise approach to evaluate effectiveness of four rigid lens disinfecting solutions against biofilm. These included two polyhexamethylene bigiuanide (PHMB) solutions and a chlorhexidine/PHMB-based solution, as well as a novel povidone-iodine formulation. The presence of biofilm following exposure to the solutions was assessed using both crystal violet (CV) staining and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) viability assay, taking into account the effect of lens case design. Three lens case designs, conventional flat, large bucket type, and cylindrical cases, were investigated for the ability to trap stain and allow biofilm formation. RESULTS Considerable differences were noted between solutions in their ability to prevent and disrupt biofilm (p < 0.001). Lens case design greatly influenced optical density (OD) measurements even in negative controls, as cylindrical cases trapped more stain, increasing OD readings. Correcting for this factor reduced variations, but could not differentiate between residues and biofilm. MTT assay revealed that both povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine-containing solutions could effectively kill > 95% of organisms, whilst PHMB-based solutions were less effective with up to 55% of staphylococci and 41% of Pseudomonas surviving at 24 h. CONCLUSION Biofilm can rapidly form in lens cases and may not be killed by disinfecting solutions. Of the solutions tested, none were able to prevent biofilm formation or disrupt established biofilm, but those containing chlorhexidine or povidone iodine were able to penetrate the biofilm and kill organisms. Assessment of biofilm by CV assay may be confounded by lens case design. Whilst CV assay can demonstrate presence of biofilm, this technique should be accompanied by viability assay to determine bactericidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Cho
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maureen V Boost
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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188
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The Two Chemotaxis Clusters in Caulobacter crescentus Play Different Roles in Chemotaxis and Biofilm Regulation. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:JB.00071-19. [PMID: 31109992 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00071-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The holdfast polysaccharide adhesin is crucial for irreversible cell adhesion and biofilm formation in Caulobacter crescentus Holdfast production is tightly controlled via developmental regulators, as well as via environmental and physical signals. Here, we identify a novel mode of regulation of holdfast synthesis that involves chemotaxis proteins. We characterized the two identified chemotaxis clusters of C. crescentus and showed that only the previously characterized major cluster is involved in the chemotactic response toward different carbon sources. However, both chemotaxis clusters encoded in the C. crescentus genome play a role in biofilm formation and holdfast production by regulating the expression of hfiA, the gene encoding the holdfast inhibitor HfiA. We show that CheA and CheB proteins act in an antagonistic manner, as follows: while the two CheA proteins negatively regulate hfiA expression, the CheB proteins are positive regulators, thus providing a modulation of holdfast synthesis and surface attachment.IMPORTANCE Chemosensory systems constitute major signal transduction pathways in bacteria. These systems are involved in chemotaxis and other cell responses to environment conditions, such as the production of adhesins to enable irreversible adhesion to a surface and surface colonization. The C. crescentus genome encodes two complete chemotaxis clusters. Here, we characterized the second novel chemotaxis-like cluster. While only the major chemotaxis cluster is involved in chemotaxis, both chemotaxis systems modulate C. crescentus adhesion by controlling expression of the holdfast synthesis inhibitor HfiA. Here, we identify a new level in holdfast regulation, providing new insights into the control of adhesin production that leads to the formation of biofilms in response to the environment.
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189
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Rajput A, Thakur A, Sharma S, Kumar M. aBiofilm: a resource of anti-biofilm agents and their potential implications in targeting antibiotic drug resistance. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:D894-D900. [PMID: 29156005 PMCID: PMC5753393 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms play an important role in the antibiotic drug resistance, which is threatening public health globally. Almost, all microbes mimic multicellular lifestyle to form biofilm by undergoing phenotypic changes to adapt adverse environmental conditions. Many anti-biofilm agents have been experimentally validated to disrupt the biofilms during last three decades. To organize this data, we developed the ‘aBiofilm’ resource (http://bioinfo.imtech.res.in/manojk/abiofilm/) that harbors a database, a predictor, and the data visualization modules. The database contains biological, chemical, and structural details of 5027 anti-biofilm agents (1720 unique) reported from 1988–2017. These agents target over 140 organisms including Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria, and fungus. They are mainly chemicals, peptides, phages, secondary metabolites, antibodies, nanoparticles and extracts. They show the diverse mode of actions by attacking mainly signaling molecules, biofilm matrix, genes, extracellular polymeric substances, and many more. The QSAR based predictor identifies the anti-biofilm potential of an unknown chemical with an accuracy of ∼80.00%. The data visualization section summarized the biofilm stages targeted (Circos plot); interaction maps (Cytoscape) and chemicals diversification (CheS-Mapper) of the agents. This comprehensive platform would help the researchers to understand the multilevel communication in the microbial consortium. It may aid in developing anti-biofilm therapeutics to deal with antibiotic drug resistance menace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Rajput
- Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Anamika Thakur
- Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Shivangi Sharma
- Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160036, India
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190
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Catão ECP, Pollet T, Misson B, Garnier C, Ghiglione JF, Barry-Martinet R, Maintenay M, Bressy C, Briand JF. Shear Stress as a Major Driver of Marine Biofilm Communities in the NW Mediterranean Sea. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1768. [PMID: 31608016 PMCID: PMC6774042 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While marine biofilms depend on environmental conditions and substrate, little is known about the influence of hydrodynamic forces. We tested different immersion modes (dynamic, cyclic and static) in Toulon Bay (north-western Mediterranean Sea; NWMS). The static mode was also compared between Toulon and Banyuls Bays. In addition, different artificial surfaces designed to hamper cell attachment (self-polishing coating: SPC; and fouling-release coating: FRC) were compared to inert plastic. Prokaryotic community composition was affected by immersion mode, surface characteristics and site. Rhodobacteriaceae and Flavobacteriaceae dominated the biofilm community structure, with distinct genera according to surface type or immersion mode. Cell density increased with time, greatly limited by hydrodynamic forces, and supposed to delay biofilm maturation. After 1 year, a significant impact of shear stress on the taxonomic structure of the prokaryotic community developed on each surface type was observed. When surfaces contained no biocides, roughness and wettability shaped prokaryotic community structure, which was not enhanced by shear stress. Conversely, the biocidal effect of SPC surfaces, already major in static immersion mode, was amplified by the 15 knots speed. The biofilm community on SPC was 60% dissimilar to the biofilm on the other surfaces and was distinctly colonized by Sphingomonadaceae ((Alter)Erythrobacter). At Banyuls, prokaryotic community structures were more similar between the four surfaces tested than at Toulon, due possibly to a masking effect of environmental constraints, especially hydrodynamic, which was greater than in Toulon. Finally, predicted functions such as cell adhesion confirmed some of the hypotheses drawn regarding biofilm formation over the artificial surfaces tested here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Pollet
- Laboratoire MAPIEM (EA 4323), Université de Toulon, Toulon, France
- UMR BIPAR, INRA, ANSES, ENVA, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Benjamin Misson
- CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO UM 110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, University of Toulon – Aix-Marseille University, La Garde, France
| | - Cédric Garnier
- CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO UM 110, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, University of Toulon – Aix-Marseille University, La Garde, France
| | - Jean-Francois Ghiglione
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d’Océanographie Microbienne, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | | | - Marine Maintenay
- Laboratoire MAPIEM (EA 4323), Université de Toulon, Toulon, France
| | - Christine Bressy
- Laboratoire MAPIEM (EA 4323), Université de Toulon, Toulon, France
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191
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Fire Ant Venom Alkaloids Inhibit Biofilm Formation. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11070420. [PMID: 31323790 PMCID: PMC6669452 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11070420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation on exposed surfaces is a serious issue for the food industry and medical health facilities. There are many proposed strategies to delay, reduce, or even eliminate biofilm formation on surfaces. The present study focuses on the applicability of fire ant venom alkaloids (aka ‘solenopsins’, from Solenopsis invicta) tested on polystyrene and stainless steel surfaces relative to the adhesion and biofilm-formation by the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. Conditioning with solenopsins demonstrates significant reduction of bacterial adhesion. Inhibition rates were 62.7% on polystyrene and 59.0% on stainless steel surfaces. In addition, solenopsins drastically reduced cell populations already growing on conditioned surfaces. Contrary to assumptions by previous authors, solenopsins tested negative for amphipathic properties, thus understanding the mechanisms behind the observed effects still relies on further investigation.
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192
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Simcox LJ, Pereira RPA, Wellington EMH, Macpherson JV. Boron Doped Diamond as a Low Biofouling Material in Aquatic Environments: Assessment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:25024-25033. [PMID: 31260250 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Boron doped diamond (BDD), given the robustness of the material, is becoming an electrode of choice for applications which require long-term electrochemical monitoring of analytes in aqueous environments. However, despite the extensive work in this area, there are no studies which directly assess the biofilm formation (biofouling) capabilities of the material, which is an essential consideration because biofouling often causes deterioration in the sensor performance. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most prevalent bacterial pathogens linked to water-related diseases, with a strong capacity for forming biofilms on surfaces that are exposed to aquatic environments. In this study, we comparatively evaluate the biofouling capabilities of oxygen-terminated (O-)BDD against materials commonly employed as either the packaging or sensing element in water quality sensors, with an aim to identify factors which control biofilm formation on BDD. We assess the monospecies biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa in two different growth media, Luria-Bertani, a high nutrient source and drinking water, a low nutrient source, at two different temperatures (20 and 37 °C). Multispecies biofilm formation is also investigated. The performance of O-BDD, when tested against all other materials, promotes the lowest extent of P. aeruginosa monospecies biofilm formation, even with corrections made for total surface area (roughness). Importantly, O-BDD shows the lowest water contact angle of all materials tested, that is, greatest hydrophilicity, strongly suggesting that for these bacterial species, the factors controlling the hydrophilicity of the surface are important in reducing bacterial adhesion. This was further proven by keeping the surface topography fixed and changing surface termination to hydrogen (H-), to produce a strongly hydrophobic surface. A noticeable increase in biofilm formation was found. Doping with boron also results in changes in hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity compared to the undoped counterpart, which in turn affects the bacterial growth. For practical electrochemical sensing applications in aquatic environments, this study highlights the extremely beneficial effects of employing smooth, O-terminated (hydrophilic) BDD electrodes.
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193
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Siddiqui S, Chandrasekaran A, Lin N, Tufenkji N, Moraes C. Microfluidic Shear Assay to Distinguish between Bacterial Adhesion and Attachment Strength on Stiffness-Tunable Silicone Substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:8840-8849. [PMID: 31177781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tuning surface composition and stiffness is now an established strategy to improve the integration of medical implants. Recent evidence suggests that matrix stiffness affects bacterial adhesion, but contradictory findings have been reported in the literature. Distinguishing between the effects of bacterial adhesion and attachment strength on these surfaces may help interpret these findings. Here, we develop a precision microfluidic shear assay to quantify bacterial adhesion strength on stiffness-tunable and biomolecule-coated silicone materials. We demonstrate that bacteria are more strongly attached to soft silicones, compared to stiff silicones; as determined by retention against increasing shear flows. Interestingly, this effect is reduced when the surface is coated with matrix biomolecules. These results demonstrate that bacteria do sense and respond to stiffness of the surrounding environment and that precisely defined assays are needed to understand the interplay among surface mechanics, composition, and bacterial binding.
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194
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Pogorelov AG, Kuznetsov AL, Pogorelova VN, Suvorov OA, Panait AI, Pogorelova MA. Destruction of a Bacterial Biofilm with an Electrochemically Activated Solution. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s000635091904016x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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195
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Wu J, Zhang D, Wang Y, Mao S, Xiao S, Chen F, Fan P, Zhong M, Tan J, Yang J. Electric Assisted Salt-Responsive Bacterial Killing and Release of Polyzwitterionic Brushes in Low-Concentration Salt Solution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:8285-8293. [PMID: 31194566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polyzwitterionic brushes with strong antipolyelectrolyte effects have shown great potential as versatile platforms for the development of switchable friction/lubrication and bacterial absorption/desorption surfaces. However, the surface property switches of these brushes are usually triggered by high salt concentrations (>0.53 M), thereby greatly limiting their applications in biological fields where the salt concentration for mammals is ?0.15 M. To solve this problem, an electric field was used to assist the salt-responsive process of the polyzwitterionic brushes to achieve bacterial release at low concentrations of the salt solution. Briefly, poly(3-(dimethyl (4-vinylbenzyl) ammonium) propyl sulfonate) (polyDVBAPS) brushes grafted on ITO surfaces were prepared by surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The bacterial release of this surface was conducted under an electric field, where anions were migrated and enriched around the brush-grafted ITO surface as anode. The local high concentration ion led to the conformation change of the brush and release of the attached bacteria. The effect of salt type, salt concentration, electric field strength, and conducting time on the bacterial release properties were investigated. The results indicated that under an electrical field of 3 V/mm, polyDVBAPS showed release capacities of ?93% for E. coli and ?81% for S. aureus in 0.12 M NaCl electrolyte solution. Furthermore, by the introduction of a bactericidal agent, i.e., Triclosan (TCS), an antibacterial surface with dual functions of killing and release was fabricated. This surface could kill ?90% and release 95% of attached E. coli in a 0.12 M NaCl solution by the application of a 3 V/mm electric field. This work demonstrated the feasibility of triggering a salt-responsive behavior of polyzwitterionic at low salt concentration by assistance of electric field, which would greatly extend the applications of polyzwitterionic, in particular in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wu
- College of Materials Science& Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Materials Science& Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Materials Science& Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
| | - Shihua Mao
- College of Materials Science& Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
| | - Shengwei Xiao
- College of Materials Science& Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Materials Science& Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
| | - Ping Fan
- College of Materials Science& Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
| | - Mingqiang Zhong
- College of Materials Science& Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
| | - Jun Tan
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Technology Jiaxing University , Jiaxing 314001 , P. R. China
| | - Jintao Yang
- College of Materials Science& Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
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196
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Li K, Han X, Li R, Xu Z, Pan T, Liu J, Li B, Wang S, Diao Y, Liu X. Composition, Antivirulence Activity, and Active Property Distribution of the Fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1721-1729. [PMID: 31206192 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz., or Tibet Olive, is widely used as a food supplement in China. It possesses some natural antimicrobial properties; however, its chemical composition and antivirulence effects have not been identified. In this work, 29 compounds were identified from the peel of T. chebula fruit by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Both the extract of T. chebula and its phenolic acid, corilagin, showed antivirulent activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Specifically, they inhibited biofilm formation. The half maximal inhibitory concentration was 0.13 and 3.18 µg/mL for the extract and corilagin, respectively, whereas for α-hemolysin secretion, the respective concentrations were 30 and 10 µg/mL. Its mechanism of action may be due to reducing the transcription of genes related to quorum sensing. These genes included staphylococcal accessory regulator A, intercellular adhesion accessory gene regulator A, and RNAIII. These findings provide evidence that this food supplement could be an effective antivirulent with corilagin as its active ingredient. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Corilagin from the fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. may be used as an antibacterial for its antivirulent activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal Univ., Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Xianwei Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal Univ., Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Ruzhuo Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal Univ., Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Zhongren Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical Univ., Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Taowen Pan
- Inst. of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical Univ., Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical Univ., Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical Univ., Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical Univ., Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Diao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical Univ., Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Inst. of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical Univ., Dalian, P.R. China
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197
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Araujo G, Chen W, Mani S, Tang JX. Orbiting of Flagellated Bacteria within a Thin Fluid Film around Micrometer-Sized Particles. Biophys J 2019; 117:346-354. [PMID: 31248602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial motility under confinement is relevant to both environmental control and the spread of infection. Here, we report observations on Escherichia coli, Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis when they are confined within a thin layer of water around dispersed micrometer-sized particles sprinkled over a semisolid agar gel. In this setting, E. coli and Enterobacteria orbit around the dispersed particles. The liquid layer is shaped like a shallow tent with its height at the center set by the seeding particle, and the meniscus profile set by the strong surface tension of water. The tent-shaped confinement and the left handedness of the flagellar filaments result in exclusively clockwise circular trajectories. The thin fluid layer is resilient because of a balance between evaporation and reinforcement of fluid that permeated out of the agar. The latter is driven by the Laplace pressure caused by the concave meniscus. In short, we explain the physical mechanism of a convenient method to entrap bacteria within localized thin fluid film near a permeable surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Araujo
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Weijie Chen
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jay X Tang
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
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198
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Vissers T, Koumakis N, Hermes M, Brown AT, Schwarz-Linek J, Dawson A, Poon WCK. Dynamical analysis of bacteria in microscopy movies. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217823. [PMID: 31170194 PMCID: PMC6553751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in microscopy, computing power and image processing have enabled the analysis of ever larger datasets of movies of microorganisms to study their behaviour. However, techniques for analysing the dynamics of individual cells from such datasets are not yet widely available in the public domain. We recently demonstrated significant phenotypic heterogeneity in the adhesion of Escherichia coli bacteria to glass surfaces using a new method for the high-throughput analysis of video microscopy data. Here, we present an in-depth analysis of this method and its limitations, and make public our algorithms for following the positions and orientations of individual rod-shaped bacteria from time-series of 2D images to reconstruct their trajectories and characterise their dynamics. We demonstrate in detail how to use these algorithms to identify different types of adhesive dynamics within a clonal population of bacteria sedimenting onto a surface. The effects of measurement errors in cell positions and of limited trajectory durations on our results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun Vissers
- SUPA and School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Scotland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Nick Koumakis
- SUPA and School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Michiel Hermes
- SUPA and School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aidan T. Brown
- SUPA and School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jana Schwarz-Linek
- SUPA and School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Dawson
- SUPA and School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Wilson C. K. Poon
- SUPA and School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Scotland, United Kingdom
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199
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Antunes J, Leão P, Vasconcelos V. Marine biofilms: diversity of communities and of chemical cues. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 11:287-305. [PMID: 30246474 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces immersed in seawater are rapidly colonized by various microorganisms, resulting in the formation of heterogenic marine biofilms. These communities are known to influence the settlement of algae spores and invertebrate larvae, triggering a succession of fouling events, with significant environmental and economic impacts. This review covers recent research regarding the differences in composition of biofilms isolated from different artificial surface types and the influence of environmental factors on their formation. One particular phenomenon - bacterial quorum sensing (QS) - allows bacteria to coordinate swarming, biofilm formation among other phenomena. Some other marine biofilm chemical cues are believed to modulate the settlement and the succession of macrofouling organisms, and they are also reviewed here. Finally, since the formation of a marine biofilm is considered to be an initial, QS-dependent step in the development of marine fouling events, QS inhibition is discussed on its potential as a tool for antibiofouling control in marine settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Antunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 4069-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Leão
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 4069-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 4069-007, Porto, Portugal
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200
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In-situ detection based on the biofilm hydrophilicity for environmental biofilm formation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8070. [PMID: 31147580 PMCID: PMC6542837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A biofilm has a unique structure composed of microorganisms, extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), etc., and it is layered on a substrate in water. In material science, it is important to detect the biofilm formed on a surface to prevent biofouling. EPSs, the major component of the biofilm, mainly consist of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Because these biomolecules have a variety of hydrophilicities or hydrophobicities, the substrate covered with the biofilm shows different wettability from the initial state. To detect the biofilm formation, this study employed a liquid-squeezing-based wettability assessment method with a simple wettability index: the liquid-squeezed diameter of a smaller value indicates higher wettability. The method is based on the liquid-squeezing behaviour of a liquid that covers sample surfaces when an air-jet is applied. To form the biofilm, polystyrene surfaces were immersed and incubated in a water-circulated bioreactor that had collected microorganisms in ambient air. After the 14-d incubation, good formation of the biofilm on the surfaces was confirmed by staining with crystal violet. Although the contact angles of captive bubbles on the surfaces with the biofilm were unmeasurable, the liquid-squeezing method could distinguish between hydrophilic and hydrophobic initial surfaces with and without biofilm formation using the diameter of the liquid-squeezed area. The surface wettability is expected to be a promising property for in-situ detection of biofilm formation on a macroscopic scale.
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