151
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Zouari F, Oon WY, Modak D, Kwok WC, Cao P, Lee WN, Tam TCC, Wong EC, Chan RW. Standalone electrical impedance tomography predicts spirometry indicators and enables regional lung assessment. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:3277-3280. [PMID: 36085816 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a bio-medical imaging modality that has several clinical applications namely for human lungs. Yet, its relationship with gold standard lung diagnostic tools including spirometry is not available. In this study, simultaneous EIT and spirometry measurements were collected for 14 healthy subjects who performed forced breathing paradigms of different efforts simulating a wide range of spirometry indicators. It is demonstrated that EIT can predict standard spirometry indicators over a wide dynamic range, with a potential sensitivity and specificity of 98% and 100%, respectively, in detecting obstructive patterns. It is also shown that EIT can provide a regional mapping of the spirometry indicator which are shown to be consistent with their corresponding global indicators. Overall, EIT can predict spirometry indicators and can assess regional lung health through parametric mapping. Clinical Relevance- This study shows that EIT can infer standard spirometry indicators and potentially assess regional lung health. Therefore, EIT can be used for screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of obstructive and resistive lung diseases.
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152
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SCARAMUZZO G, OTTAVIANI I, VOLTA CA, SPADARO S. Mechanical ventilation and COPD: from pathophysiology to ventilatory management. Minerva Med 2022; 113:460-470. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.22.07974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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153
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Dos Santos Rocha A, Diaper J, Balogh AL, Marti C, Grosgurin O, Habre W, Peták F, Südy R. Effect of body position on the redistribution of regional lung aeration during invasive and non-invasive ventilation of COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11085. [PMID: 35773299 PMCID: PMC9245873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (C-ARDS) requires mechanical ventilation. While this intervention is often performed in the prone position to improve oxygenation, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the improvement in respiratory function during invasive ventilation and awake prone positioning in C-ARDS have not yet been elucidated. In this prospective observational trial, we evaluated the respiratory function of C-ARDS patients while in the supine and prone positions during invasive (n = 13) or non-invasive ventilation (n = 15). The primary endpoint was the positional change in lung regional aeration, assessed with electrical impedance tomography. Secondary endpoints included parameters of ventilation and oxygenation, volumetric capnography, respiratory system mechanics and intrapulmonary shunt fraction. In comparison to the supine position, the prone position significantly increased ventilation distribution in dorsal lung zones for patients under invasive ventilation (53.3 ± 18.3% vs. 43.8 ± 12.3%, percentage of dorsal lung aeration ± standard deviation in prone and supine positions, respectively; p = 0.014); whereas, regional aeration in both positions did not change during non-invasive ventilation (36.4 ± 11.4% vs. 33.7 ± 10.1%; p = 0.43). Prone positioning significantly improved the oxygenation both during invasive and non-invasive ventilation. For invasively ventilated patients reduced intrapulmonary shunt fraction, ventilation dead space and respiratory resistance were observed in the prone position. Oxygenation is improved during non-invasive and invasive ventilation with prone positioning in patients with C-ARDS. Different mechanisms may underly this benefit during these two ventilation modalities, driven by improved distribution of lung regional aeration, intrapulmonary shunt fraction and ventilation-perfusion matching. However, the differences in the severity of C-ARDS may have biased the sensitivity of electrical impedance tomography when comparing positional changes between the protocol groups.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04359407) and Registered 24 April 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04359407 .
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Affiliation(s)
- André Dos Santos Rocha
- Unit for Anaesthesiological Investigations, Division of Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Rue Willy Donzé 6, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - John Diaper
- Unit for Anaesthesiological Investigations, Division of Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Rue Willy Donzé 6, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adam L Balogh
- Unit for Anaesthesiological Investigations, Division of Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Rue Willy Donzé 6, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Marti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Grosgurin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Walid Habre
- Unit for Anaesthesiological Investigations, Division of Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Rue Willy Donzé 6, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ferenc Peták
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roberta Südy
- Unit for Anaesthesiological Investigations, Division of Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Rue Willy Donzé 6, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
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154
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Assessment of the Operative Feasibility and Ventilation Distribution during Nonintubation Thoracoscopic Surgery Using Electrical Impedance Tomography. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12071066. [PMID: 35887563 PMCID: PMC9318683 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To investigate the feasibility, ventilation distribution, and physiological effect of iatrogenic pneumothorax generated during nonintubated thoracoscopic surgery using electrical impedance tomography. Methods: Patients who underwent resections for pulmonary nodules between April 2016 and April 2019 were enrolled prospectively. Electrical impedance tomography was performed, and the measurements were recorded at five different timepoints. The patient characteristics, pathological characteristics, surgical procedures, operation times, and intraoperative parameters were recorded and analyzed. Results: Two hundred sixty-five perioperative electrical impedance tomography measurements during nonintubated thoracoscopic surgery were recorded in fifty-three patients. Fifty-one patients underwent wedge resections, and two patients underwent segmentectomies. The preoperative lateral decubitus position time point showed greater ventilation in the right lung than in the left lung. For left-sided surgery, the nonoperative lung had better ventilation (64.5% ± 14.1% for the right side vs. 35.5% ± 14.1% for the left side, p < 0.0001). For right-sided surgery, the nonoperative lung did not have better ventilation (52.4% ± 16.1% for the right side vs. 47.6% ± 16.1% for the left side, p = 0.44). The center of ventilation was significantly increased after surgery (p < 0.001). The global index of ventilation showed no difference after surgery. Conclusions: The nonintubated thoracoscopic surgical side had different ventilation distributions but reached ventilation equilibrium after the operation. Electrical impedance tomography is feasible and safe for monitoring ventilation without adverse effects.
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155
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Borgmann S, Linz K, Braun C, Dzierzawski P, Spassov S, Wenzel C, Schumann S. Lung area estimation using functional tidal electrical impedance variation images and active contouring. Physiol Meas 2022; 43. [PMID: 35764094 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac7cc3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electrical impedance tomography is a valuable tool for monitoring global and regional lung mechanics. To evaluate the recorded data, an accurate estimate of the lung area is crucial. APPROACH We present two novel methods for estimating the lung area using functional tidal images or active contouring methods. A convolutional neural network was trained to determine, whether or not the heart region was visible within tidal images. In addition, the effects of lung area mirroring were investigated. The performance of the methods and the effects of mirroring were evaluated via a score based on the impedance magnitudes in functional tidal images. MAIN RESULTS Our analyses showed that the method based on functional tidal images provided the best estimate of the lung area. Mirroring of the lung area had an impact on the accuracy of area estimation for both methods. The achieved accuracy of the neural network's classification was 94%. For images without a visible heart area, the subtraction of a heart template proved to be a pragmatic approach with good results. SIGNIFICANCE In summary, we developed a routine for estimation of the lung area combined with estimation of the heart area in electrical impedance tomography images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Borgmann
- Universitatsklinikum Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, Freiburg, 79106, GERMANY
| | - Kim Linz
- Universitatsklinikum Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, Freiburg, 79106, GERMANY
| | - Christian Braun
- Universitatsklinikum Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, Freiburg, 79106, GERMANY
| | - Patryk Dzierzawski
- Universitatsklinikum Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, Freiburg, 79106, GERMANY
| | - Sashko Spassov
- Universitatsklinikum Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, Freiburg, 79106, GERMANY
| | - Christin Wenzel
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, Hugstetter Straße 55, Freiburg, 79106, GERMANY
| | - Stefan Schumann
- Universitatsklinikum Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, Freiburg, 79106, GERMANY
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156
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Patil S, Rossi R, Jabrah D, Doyle K. Detection, Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: Current and Future Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:748949. [PMID: 35813155 PMCID: PMC9263220 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.748949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Early diagnosis and treatment of stroke are important for better clinical outcome. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of stroke subtypes is critical. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the current diagnostic and assessment techniques used in clinical practice, particularly for diagnosing acute ischemic stroke. Alternative techniques for rapid detection of stroke utilizing blood based biomarkers and novel portable devices employing imaging methods such as volumetric impedance phase-shift spectroscopy, microwave tomography and Doppler ultrasound are also discussed. Current therapeutic approaches for treating acute ischemic stroke using thrombolytic drugs and endovascular thrombectomy are discussed, with a focus on devices and approaches recently developed to treat large cranial vessel occlusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Patil
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Rosanna Rossi
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Duaa Jabrah
- Department of Physiology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Karen Doyle
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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157
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Rauseo M, Spinelli E, Sella N, Slobod D, Spadaro S, Longhini F, Giarratano A, Gilda C, Mauri T, Navalesi P. Expert opinion document: "Electrical impedance tomography: applications from the intensive care unit and beyond". JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA, ANALGESIA AND CRITICAL CARE (ONLINE) 2022; 2:28. [PMID: 37386674 DOI: 10.1186/s44158-022-00055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving technology, but it can also inadvertently induce lung injury and increase morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is no easy method of assessing the impact that ventilator settings have on the degree of lung inssflation. Computed tomography (CT), the gold standard for visually monitoring lung function, can provide detailed regional information of the lung. Unfortunately, it necessitates moving critically ill patients to a special diagnostic room and involves exposure to radiation. A technique introduced in the 1980s, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) can non-invasively provide similar monitoring of lung function. However, while CT provides information on the air content, EIT monitors ventilation-related changes of lung volume and changes of end expiratory lung volume (EELV). Over the past several decades, EIT has moved from the research lab to commercially available devices that are used at the bedside. Being complementary to well-established radiological techniques and conventional pulmonary monitoring, EIT can be used to continuously visualize the lung function at the bedside and to instantly assess the effects of therapeutic maneuvers on regional ventilation distribution. EIT provides a means of visualizing the regional distribution of ventilation and changes of lung volume. This ability is particularly useful when therapy changes are intended to achieve a more homogenous gas distribution in mechanically ventilated patients. Besides the unique information provided by EIT, its convenience and safety contribute to the increasing perception expressed by various authors that EIT has the potential to be used as a valuable tool for optimizing PEEP and other ventilator settings, either in the operative room and in the intensive care unit. The effects of various therapeutic interventions and applications on ventilation distribution have already been assessed with the help of EIT, and this document gives an overview of the literature that has been published in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Rauseo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Foggia, Policlinico Riuniti di Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Elena Spinelli
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicolò Sella
- Instiute of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Douglas Slobod
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan, Milano, Italy
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Savino Spadaro
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federico Longhini
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, "Mater Domini" University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonino Giarratano
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), Section of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cinnella Gilda
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Foggia, Policlinico Riuniti di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mauri
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan, Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Navalesi
- Instiute of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
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158
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Seifnaraghi N, de Gelidi S, Frerichs I, Kallio M, Sorantin E, Tizzard A, Demosthenous A, Bayford RH. Cross-sectional chest circumference and shape development in infants. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:206. [PMID: 35705999 PMCID: PMC9202117 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the development of the thoracic cross-section at the nipple line level during the early stages of life. Unlike the descriptive awareness regarding chest development course, there exist no quantitative references concerning shape, circumference and possible dependencies to age, gender or body weight. The proposed mathematical relations are expected to help create guidelines for more realistic modelling and potential detection of abnormalities. One potential application is lung electrical impedance tomography (EIT) monitoring where accurate chest models are crucial in both extracting reliable parameters for regional ventilation function and design of EIT belts. Despite their importance, such reference data is not readily available for the younger age range due to insufficient data amid the regulations of neonatal imaging. RESULTS Chest circumference shows the highest correlation to body weight following the relation [Formula: see text] where x is the body weight in grams and f(x) is the chest circumference in cm at the nipple line level. No statistically significant difference in chest circumference between genders was detected. However, the shape indicated signs of both age and gender dependencies with on average boys developing a more rectangular shape than girls from the age of 1 years and 9 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Seifnaraghi
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, London, UK.
| | - Serena de Gelidi
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Inéz Frerichs
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Merja Kallio
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Erich Sorantin
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrew Tizzard
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Andreas Demosthenous
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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159
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Moreno-Martinez F, Byrne D, Raisis A, Waldmann AD, Hosgood G, Mosing M. Comparison of Effects of an Endotracheal Tube or Facemask on Breathing Pattern and Distribution of Ventilation in Anesthetized Horses. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:895268. [PMID: 35836499 PMCID: PMC9275410 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.895268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine respiratory physiology might be influenced by the presence of an endotracheal tube (ETT). This experimental, randomized cross-over study aimed to compare breathing pattern (BrP) and ventilation distribution in anesthetized horses spontaneously breathing room air via ETT or facemask (MASK). Six healthy adult horses were anesthetized with total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA; xylazine, ketamine, guaiphenesin), breathing spontaneously in right lateral recumbency, and randomly assigned to ETT or MASK for 30 min, followed by the other treatment for an additional 30 min. During a second anesthesia 1 month later, the treatment order was inversed. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) using a thoracic electrode belt, spirometry, volumetric capnography, esophageal pressure difference (ΔPoes), venous admixture, and laryngoscopy data were recorded over 2 min every 15 min. Breaths were classified as normal or alternate (sigh or crown-like) according to the EIT impedance curve. A mixed linear model was used to test the effect of treatment on continuous outcomes. Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel analysis was used to test for associations between global BrP and treatment. Global BrP was associated with treatment (p = 0.012) with more alternate breaths during ETT. The center of ventilation right-to-left (CoVRL) showed more ventilation in the non-dependent lung during ETT (p = 0.025). The I:E ratio (p = 0.017) and ΔPoes (p < 0.001) were smaller, and peak expiratory flow (p = 0.009) and physiologic dead space (p = 0.034) were larger with ETT. The presence of an ETT alters BrP and shifts ventilation toward the non-dependent lung in spontaneously breathing horses anesthetized with TIVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Moreno-Martinez
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Fernando Moreno-Martinez
| | - David Byrne
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anthea Raisis
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andreas D. Waldmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Giselle Hosgood
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Martina Mosing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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160
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Lescroart M, Pequignot B, Bitker L, Pina H, Tran N, Hébert JL, Richard JC, Lévy B, Koszutski M. Time-Controlled Adaptive Ventilation Does Not Induce Hemodynamic Impairment in a Swine ARDS Model. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:883950. [PMID: 35655856 PMCID: PMC9152423 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.883950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current standard of care during severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is based on low tidal volume (VT) ventilation, at 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight. The time-controlled adaptive ventilation (TCAV) is an alternative strategy, based on specific settings of the airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) mode. Briefly, TCAV reduces lung injury, including: (1) an improvement in alveolar recruitment and homogeneity; (2) reduction in alveolar and alveolar duct micro-strain and stress-risers. TCAV can result in higher intra-thoracic pressures and thus impair hemodynamics resulting from heart-lung interactions. The objective of our study was to compare hemodynamics between TCAV and conventional protective ventilation in a porcine ARDS model. Methods In 10 pigs (63–73 kg), lung injury was induced by repeated bronchial saline lavages followed by 2 h of injurious ventilation. The animals were then randomized into two groups: (1) Conventional protective ventilation with a VT of 6 mL/kg and PEEP adjusted to a plateau pressure set between 28 and 30 cmH2O; (2) TCAV group with P-high set between 27 and 29 cmH2O, P-low at 0 cmH2O, T-low adjusted to terminate at 75% of the expiratory flow peak, and T-high at 3–4 s, with I:E > 6:1. Results Both lung elastance and PaO2:FiO2 were consistent with severe ARDS after 2 h of injurious mechanical ventilation. There was no significant difference in systemic arterial blood pressure, pulmonary blood pressure or cardiac output between Conventional protective ventilation and TCAV. Levels of total PEEP were significantly higher in the TCAV group (p < 0.05). Driving pressure and lung elastance were significantly lower in the TCAV group (p < 0.05). Conclusion No hemodynamic adverse events were observed in the TCAV group compared as to the standard protective ventilation group in this swine ARDS model, and TCAV appeared to be beneficial to the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Lescroart
- CHRU Nancy, Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Hôpital Brabois, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,INSERM U 1116, Groupe Choc, Équipe 2, Faculté de Médecine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Médecine, Nancy, France
| | - Benjamin Pequignot
- CHRU Nancy, Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Hôpital Brabois, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,INSERM U 1116, Groupe Choc, Équipe 2, Faculté de Médecine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Médecine, Nancy, France
| | - Laurent Bitker
- Service de Médecine Intensive - Réanimation, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Héloïse Pina
- CHRU de Nancy, Département D'Anatomie Pathologique, Laboratoires de Biologie Médicale et de Biopathologie, Hôpital Brabois, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - N'Guyen Tran
- Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Médecine, Nancy, France.,Ecole de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Louis Hébert
- Université Paris XI, Institut de Cardiologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Richard
- Service de Médecine Intensive - Réanimation, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Lévy
- CHRU Nancy, Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Hôpital Brabois, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,INSERM U 1116, Groupe Choc, Équipe 2, Faculté de Médecine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Médecine, Nancy, France
| | - Matthieu Koszutski
- CHRU Nancy, Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Hôpital Brabois, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Médecine, Nancy, France
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161
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Rezoagli E, Laffey JG, Bellani G. Monitoring Lung Injury Severity and Ventilation Intensity during Mechanical Ventilation. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 43:346-368. [PMID: 35896391 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe form of respiratory failure burden by high hospital mortality. No specific pharmacologic treatment is currently available and its ventilatory management is a key strategy to allow reparative and regenerative lung tissue processes. Unfortunately, a poor management of mechanical ventilation can induce ventilation induced lung injury (VILI) caused by physical and biological forces which are at play. Different parameters have been described over the years to assess lung injury severity and facilitate optimization of mechanical ventilation. Indices of lung injury severity include variables related to gas exchange abnormalities, ventilatory setting and respiratory mechanics, ventilation intensity, and the presence of lung hyperinflation versus derecruitment. Recently, specific indexes have been proposed to quantify the stress and the strain released over time using more comprehensive algorithms of calculation such as the mechanical power, and the interaction between driving pressure (DP) and respiratory rate (RR) in the novel DP multiplied by four plus RR [(4 × DP) + RR] index. These new parameters introduce the concept of ventilation intensity as contributing factor of VILI. Ventilation intensity should be taken into account to optimize protective mechanical ventilation strategies, with the aim to reduce intensity to the lowest level required to maintain gas exchange to reduce the potential for VILI. This is further gaining relevance in the current era of phenotyping and enrichment strategies in ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Rezoagli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, San Gerardo University Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - John G Laffey
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Galway University Hospitals, Saolta University Hospital Group, Galway, Ireland.,Lung Biology Group, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Giacomo Bellani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, San Gerardo University Hospital, Monza, Italy
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Ball L, Scaramuzzo G, Herrmann J, Cereda M. Lung aeration, ventilation, and perfusion imaging. Curr Opin Crit Care 2022; 28:302-307. [PMID: 35653251 PMCID: PMC9178949 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000000942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lung imaging is a cornerstone of the management of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), providing anatomical and functional information on the respiratory system function. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of mechanisms and applications of conventional and emerging lung imaging techniques in critically ill patients. RECENT FINDINGS Chest radiographs provide information on lung structure and have several limitations in the ICU setting; however, scoring systems can be used to stratify patient severity and predict clinical outcomes. Computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard for assessment of lung aeration but requires moving the patients to the CT facility. Dual-energy CT has been recently applied to simultaneous study of lung aeration and perfusion in patients with respiratory failure. Lung ultrasound has an established role in the routine bedside assessment of ICU patients, but has poor spatial resolution and largely relies on the analysis of artifacts. Electrical impedance tomography is an emerging technique capable of depicting ventilation and perfusion at the bedside and at the regional level. SUMMARY Clinicians should be confident with the technical aspects, indications, and limitations of each lung imaging technique to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ball
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS per l’Oncologia e le Neuroscienze, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gaetano Scaramuzzo
- Department of Translational medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Anesthesia and intensive care, Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jake Herrmann
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America
| | - Maurizio Cereda
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Bito K, Shono A, Kimura S, Maruta K, Omoto T, Aoki A, Oe K, Kotani T. Clinical Implications of Determining Individualized Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Using Electrical Impedance Tomography in Post-Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Prospective, Non-Randomized Interventional Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113022. [PMID: 35683410 PMCID: PMC9181720 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimal positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) can induce sustained lung function improvement. This prospective, non-randomized interventional study aimed to investigate the effect of individualized PEEP determined using electrical impedance tomography (EIT) in post-cardiac surgery patients (n = 35). Decremental PEEP trials were performed from 20 to 4 cmH2O in steps of 2 cmH2O, guided by EIT. PEEP levels preventing ventilation loss in dependent lung regions (PEEPONLINE) were set. Ventilation distributions and oxygenation before the PEEP trial, and 5 min and 1 h after the PEEPONLINE setting were examined. Furthermore, we analyzed the saved impedance data offline to determine the PEEP levels that provided the best compromise between overdistended and collapsed lung (PEEPODCL). Ventilation distributions of dependent regions increased at 5 min after the PEEPONLINE setting compared with those before the PEEP trial (mean ± standard deviation, 41.3 ± 8.5% vs. 49.1 ± 9.3%; p < 0.001), and were maintained at 1 h thereafter (48.7 ± 9.4%, p < 0.001). Oxygenation also showed sustained improvement. Rescue oxygen therapy (high-flow nasal cannula, noninvasive ventilation) after extubation was less frequent in patients with PEEPONLINE ≥ PEEPODCL than in those with PEEPONLINE < PEEPODCL (1/19 vs. 6/16; p = 0.018). EIT-guided individualized PEEP stabilized the improvement in ventilation distribution and oxygenation. Individual PEEP varies with EIT measures, and may differentially affect oxygenation after cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoko Bito
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan; (S.K.); (K.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3784-8575
| | - Atsuko Shono
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan; (A.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Shinya Kimura
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan; (S.K.); (K.O.)
| | - Kazuto Maruta
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan; (K.M.); (T.O.); (A.A.)
| | - Tadashi Omoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan; (K.M.); (T.O.); (A.A.)
| | - Atsushi Aoki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan; (K.M.); (T.O.); (A.A.)
| | - Katsunori Oe
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan; (S.K.); (K.O.)
| | - Toru Kotani
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan; (A.S.); (T.K.)
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Wang YX, Zhong M, Dong MH, Song JQ, Zheng YJ, Wu W, Tao JL, Zhu L, Zheng X. Prone positioning improves ventilation-perfusion matching assessed by electrical impedance tomography in patients with ARDS: a prospective physiological study. Crit Care 2022; 26:154. [PMID: 35624489 PMCID: PMC9137443 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-04021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physiological effects of prone ventilation in ARDS patients have been discussed for a long time but have not been fully elucidated. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has emerged as a tool for bedside monitoring of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion, allowing the opportunity to obtain data. This study aimed to investigate the effect of prone positioning (PP) on ventilation-perfusion matching by contrast-enhanced EIT in patients with ARDS. DESIGN Monocenter prospective physiologic study. SETTING University medical ICU. PATIENTS Ten mechanically ventilated ARDS patients who underwent PP. INTERVENTIONS We performed EIT evaluation at the initiation of PP, 3 h after PP initiation and the end of PP during the first PP session. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The regional distribution of ventilation and perfusion was analyzed based on EIT images and compared to the clinical variables regarding respiratory and hemodynamic status. Prolonged prone ventilation improved oxygenation in the ARDS patients. Based on EIT measurements, the distribution of ventilation was homogenized and dorsal lung ventilation was significantly improved by PP administration, while the effect of PP on lung perfusion was relatively mild, with increased dorsal lung perfusion observed. The ventilation-perfusion matched region was found to increase and correlate with the increased PaO2/FiO2 by PP, which was attributed mainly to reduced shunt in the lung. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged prone ventilation increased dorsal ventilation and perfusion, which resulted in improved ventilation-perfusion matching and oxygenation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04725227. Registered on 25 January 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xian Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology (21MC1930400), Shanghai, China.
| | - Min-Hui Dong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Jun Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-le Tao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhao Z, Chen TF, Teng HC, Wang YC, Chang MY, Chang HT, Frerichs I, Fu F, Moeller K. Is there a need for individualized adjustment of electrode belt position during EIT-guided titration of positive end-expiratory pressure? Physiol Meas 2022; 43. [PMID: 35617942 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac73d6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the variation of tidal volume-to-impedance ratio (VT/ZT) during positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration with electrical impedance tomography (EIT) measurement. APPROACH Forty-two patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome were retrospectively analyzed. An incremental and subsequently a decremental PEEP trial were performed with steps of 2 cmH2O and duration of 2 minutes per step during volume-controlled ventilation with decelerating flow. EIT measurement was conducted in the 5th intercostal space and VT was recorded simultaneously. The variation of VT/ZT (RatioV) was defined as the changes in percentage to average ratio per cmH2O PEEP change. A z-score>1 was considered as a significant variation and an implication that the measurement plane was inadequate. MAIN RESULTS The RatioV of 42 patients was 1.29±0.80 %∙cmH2O-1. A z-score of 1 corresponded to the variation of 2.09 %∙cmH2O-1. Seven patients (16.7%) had a z-score>1 and showed either positive or negative correlation between the volume-to-impedance ratio and PEEP. SIGNIFICANCE Electrode placement at 5th intercostal space might not be ideal for every individual during EIT measurement. Evaluation of volume-to-impedance ratio variation is necessary for patients undergoing maneuvers with wide alteration in absolute lung volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqi Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Rd. 167, Xi'an, 710032, CHINA
| | - Tsai-Fen Chen
- Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, x, New Taipei City, New Taipei City, x, TAIWAN
| | - Hui-Chen Teng
- Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, x, New Taipei City, New Taipei City, x, TAIWAN
| | - Yi-Chun Wang
- Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, x, New Taipei City, New Taipei City, x, TAIWAN
| | - Mei-Yun Chang
- Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, x, New Taipei City, New Taipei City, x, TAIWAN
| | - Hou-Tai Chang
- Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, z, New Taipei City, New Taipei City, x, TAIWAN
| | - Inez Frerichs
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, x, Kiel, x, GERMANY
| | - Feng Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, x, Xi'an, x, CHINA
| | - Knut Moeller
- Institute of Technical Medicine, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Strasse 17, Villingen-Schwenningen, D-78054, GERMANY
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe, through a narrative review, the physiologic principles underlying electrical impedance tomography, and its potential applications in managing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To address the current evidence supporting its use in different clinical scenarios along the ARDS management continuum. DATA SOURCES We performed an online search in Pubmed to review articles. We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register, and clinicaltrials.gov for controlled trials databases. STUDY SELECTION Selected publications included case series, pilot-physiologic studies, observational cohorts, and randomized controlled trials. To describe the rationale underlying physiologic principles, we included experimental studies. DATA EXTRACTION Data from relevant publications were reviewed, analyzed, and its content summarized. DATA SYNTHESIS Electrical impedance tomography is an imaging technique that has aided in understanding the mechanisms underlying multiple interventions used in ARDS management. It has the potential to monitor and predict the response to prone positioning, aid in the dosage of flow rate in high-flow nasal cannula, and guide the titration of positive-end expiratory pressure during invasive mechanical ventilation. The latter has been demonstrated to improve physiologic and mechanical parameters correlating with lung recruitment. Similarly, its use in detecting pneumothorax and harmful patient-ventilator interactions such as pendelluft has been proven effective. Nonetheless, its impact on clinically meaningful outcomes remains to be determined. CONCLUSIONS Electrical impedance tomography is a potential tool for the individualized management of ARDS throughout its different stages. Clinical trials should aim to determine whether a specific approach can improve clinical outcomes in ARDS management.
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Ren H, Xie L, Wang Z, Tang X, Ning B, Teng T, Qian J, Wang Y, Fu L, Zhao Z, Xiang L. Comparison of Global and Regional Compliance-Guided Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Titration on Regional Lung Ventilation in Moderate-to-Severe Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:805680. [PMID: 35677825 PMCID: PMC9167956 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.805680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeTo investigate the difference in the positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) selected with chest electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and with global dynamic respiratory system compliance (Crs) in moderate-to-severe pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (pARDS).MethodsPatients with moderate-to-severe pARDS (PaO2/FiO2 < 200 mmHg) were retrospectively included. On the day of pARDS diagnosis, two PEEP levels were determined during the decremental PEEP titration for each individual using the best compliance (PEEPC) and EIT-based regional compliance (PEEPEIT) methods. The differences of global and regional compliance (for both gravity-dependent and non-dependent regions) under the two PEEP conditions were compared. In addition, the EIT-based global inhomogeneity index (GI), the center of ventilation (CoV), and standard deviation of regional delayed ventilation (RVDSD) were also calculated and compared.ResultsA total of 12 children with pARDS (5 with severe and 7 with moderate pARDS) were included. PEEPC and PEEPEIT were identical in 6 patients. In others, the differences were only ± 2 cm H2O (one PEEP step). There were no statistical differences in global compliance at PEEPC and PEEPEIT [28.7 (2.84–33.15) vs. 29.74 (2.84–33.47) ml/cm H2O median (IQR), p = 0.028 (the significant level after adjusted for multiple comparison was 0.017)]. Furthermore, no differences were found in regional compliances and other EIT-based parameters measuring spatial and temporal ventilation distributions.ConclusionAlthough EIT provided information on ventilation distribution, PEEP selected with the best Crs might be non-inferior to EIT-guided regional ventilation in moderate-to-severe pARDS. Further study with a large sample size is required to confirm the finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ren
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xie
- Clinical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhulin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoliao Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Botao Ning
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Teng Teng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Qian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lijun Fu,
| | - Zhanqi Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Institute of Technical Medicine, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
- Zhanqi Zhao,
| | - Long Xiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neonatal, Second People’s Hospital of Kashgar, Xinjiang, China
- Long Xiang,
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Lovas A, Chen R, Molnár T, Benyó B, Szlávecz Á, Hawchar F, Krüger-Ziolek S, Möller K. Differentiating Phenotypes of Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pneumonia by Electric Impedance Tomography. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:747570. [PMID: 35665323 PMCID: PMC9161711 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.747570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia has different phenotypes. Selecting the patient individualized and optimal respirator settings for the ventilated patient is a challenging process. Electric impedance tomography (EIT) is a real-time, radiation-free functional imaging technique that can aid clinicians in differentiating the “low” (L-) and “high” (H-) phenotypes of COVID-19 pneumonia described previously. Methods Two patients (“A” and “B”) underwent a stepwise positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) recruitment by 3 cmH2O of steps from PEEP 10 to 25 and back to 10 cmH2O during a pressure control ventilation of 15 cmH2O. Recruitment maneuvers were performed under continuous EIT recording on a daily basis until patients required controlled ventilation mode. Results Patients “A” and “B” had a 7- and 12-day long trial, respectively. At the daily baseline, patient “A” had significantly higher compliance: mean ± SD = 53 ± 7 vs. 38 ± 5 ml/cmH2O (p < 0.001) and a significantly higher physiological dead space according to the Bohr–Enghoff equation than patient “B”: mean ± SD = 52 ± 4 vs. 45 ± 6% (p = 0.018). Following recruitment maneuvers, patient “A” had a significantly higher cumulative collapse ratio detected by EIT than patient “B”: mean ± SD = 0.40 ± 0.08 vs. 0.29 ± 0.08 (p = 0.007). In patient “A,” there was a significant linear regression between the cumulative collapse ratios at the end of the recruitment maneuvers (R2 = 0.824, p = 0.005) by moving forward in days, while not for patient “B” (R2 = 0.329, p = 0.5). Conclusion Patient “B” was recognized as H-phenotype with high elastance, low compliance, higher recruitability, and low ventilation-to-perfusion ratio; meanwhile patient “A” was identified as the L-phenotype with low elastance, high compliance, and lower recruitability. Observation by EIT was not just able to differentiate the two phenotypes, but it also could follow the transition from L- to H-type within patient “A.” Clinical Trial Registration www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04360837.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Lovas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Kiskunhalas Semmelweis Hospital, Kiskunhalas, Hungary
| | - Rongqing Chen
- Institute of Technical Medicine, Furtwangen University, VS-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Tamás Molnár
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Balázs Benyó
- Department of Control Engineering and Information Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos Szlávecz
- Department of Control Engineering and Information Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fatime Hawchar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sabine Krüger-Ziolek
- Institute of Technical Medicine, Furtwangen University, VS-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Knut Möller
- Institute of Technical Medicine, Furtwangen University, VS-Schwenningen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Knut Möller
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Gao L, Zhu Y, Pan C, Yin Y, Zhao Z, Yang L, Zhang J. A randomised trial evaluating mask ventilation using electrical impedance tomography during anesthetic induction: one-handed technique versus two-handed technique. Physiol Meas 2022; 43. [PMID: 35580595 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac70a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mask positive pressure ventilation could lead to inhomogeneity of lung ventilation, potentially inducing lung function impairments, when compared with spontaneous breathing. The inhomogeneity of lung ventilation can be monitored by chest electrical impedance tomography (EIT), which could increase our understanding of mask ventilation-derived respiratory mechanics. We hypothesized that two-handed mask holding ventilation technique had better lung ventilation reflected by respiratory mechanics when compared with one-handed mask holding technique. APPROACH Elective surgical patients with healthy lungs were randomly assigned to receive either one-handed mask holding (one-handed group) or two-handed mask holding (two-handed group) ventilation. Mask ventilation was performed by certified registered anesthesiologists, during which the patients were mechanically ventilated with pressure-controlled mode. EIT was used to assess respiratory mechanics including: ventilation distribution, global and regional respiratory system compliance (CRS), expiratory tidal volume (TVe) and minute ventilation volume. Besides, hemodynamic parameters and PaO2-FiO2-ratio were also recorded. MAIN RESULTS Eighty adult patients were included in this study. Compared with spontaneous ventilation, mask positive pressure ventilation caused inhomogeneity of lung ventilation in both one-handed group (global inhomogeneity index: 0.40±0.07 vs. 0.50±0.15; P<0.001) and two-handed group (0.40±0.08 vs. 0.50±0.13; P<0.001). There were no differences of global inhomogeneity index (P = 0.948) between the one-handed group and two-handed group. Compared with one-handed group, two-handed group was associated with higher TVe (552.6±184.2 ml vs. 672.9±156.6 ml, P=0.002) and higher global CRS (46.5±16.4 ml/cmH2O vs. 53.5±14.5 ml/cmH2O, P=0.049). No difference of PaO2-FiO2-ratio was found between two groups (P=0.743). SIGNIFICANCE The two-handed mask holding technique could not improve the inhomogeneity of lung ventilation when monitored by EIT during mask ventilation although it obtained larger expiratory tidal volumes than one-handed mask holding technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Gao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong An Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200032, China, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, CHINA
| | - Yun Zhu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong An Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200032, China, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, CHINA
| | - Congxia Pan
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong An Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200032, China, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, CHINA
| | - Yuehao Yin
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong An Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200032, China, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, CHINA
| | - Zhanqi Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China, Xi'an, 710032, CHINA
| | - Li Yang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong An Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200032, China, Shanghai, 200032, CHINA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong An Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200032, China, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, CHINA
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Beazley S, Focken A, Fernandez-Parra R, Thomas K, Adler A, Duke-Novakovski T. Evaluation of lung ventilation distribution using electrical impedance tomography in standing sedated horses with capnoperitoneum. Vet Anaesth Analg 2022; 49:382-389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lung Recruitability and Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Setting in ARDS Caused by COVID-19. Chest 2022; 161:869-871. [PMID: 35396041 PMCID: PMC8980520 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.12.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Karageorgos V, Proklou A, Vaporidi K. Lung and diaphragm protective ventilation: a synthesis of recent data. Expert Rev Respir Med 2022; 16:375-390. [PMID: 35354361 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2022.2060824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : To adhere to the Hippocratic Oath, to "first, do no harm", we need to make every effort to minimize the adverse effects of mechanical ventilation. Our understanding of the mechanisms of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD) has increased in recent years. Research focuses now on methods to monitor lung stress and inhomogeneity and targets we should aim for when setting the ventilator. In parallel, efforts to promote early assisted ventilation to prevent VIDD have revealed new challenges, such as titrating inspiratory effort and synchronizing the mechanical with the patients' spontaneous breaths, while at the same time adhering to lung-protective targets. AREAS COVERED This is a narrative review of the key mechanisms contributing to VILI and VIDD and the methods currently available to evaluate and mitigate the risk of lung and diaphragm injury. EXPERT OPINION Implementing lung and diaphragm protective ventilation requires individualizing the ventilator settings, and this can only be accomplished by exploiting in everyday clinical practice the tools available to monitor lung stress and inhomogeneity, inspiratory effort, and patient-ventilator interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlasios Karageorgos
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Heraklion and University of Crete Medical School, Greece
| | - Athanasia Proklou
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Heraklion and University of Crete Medical School, Greece
| | - Katerina Vaporidi
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Heraklion and University of Crete Medical School, Greece
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Automated 3D thorax model generation using handheld video-footage. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2022; 17:1707-1716. [PMID: 35357633 PMCID: PMC9463355 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-022-02593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE For the visualization of pulmonary ventilation with Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) most devices use standard reconstruction models, featuring common thorax dimensions and predetermined electrode locations. Any discrepancies between the available model and the patient in terms of body shape and electrode position lead to incorrectly displayed impedance distributions. This work addresses that problem by presenting and evaluating a method for 3D model generation of the thorax and any affixed electrodes based on handheld video-footage. METHODS Therefore, a process was developed, providing users with the ability to capture a patient's chest and the attached electrodes via smartphone. Once data is collected, extracted images are used to generate a 3D model with a structure from motion approach and locate electrodes with ArUco markers. For the evaluation of the developed method, multiple tests were performed in laboratory environments, which were compared with manually created reference models and differences quantified based on mean distance, standard deviation, and maximum distance. RESULTS The implemented workflow allows for automated model reconstruction based on videos or selected images captured with a handheld device. It generates sparse point clouds from which a surface mesh is reconstructed and returns relative coordinates of any identified ArUco marker. The average value for the mean distance error of two model generations was 5.4 mm while the mean standard deviation was 6.0 mm. The average runtime of twelve reconstructions was 5:17 min, with a minimal runtime of 3:22 min and a maximal runtime of 7:29 min. CONCLUSION The presented methods and results show that model reconstruction of a patient's thorax and applied electrodes at an emergency site is feasible with already available devices. This is a first step toward the automated generation of patient-specific reconstruction models for Electrical Impedance Tomography based on images recorded with handheld devices.
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175
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Mosing M, Cheong JM, Müller B, Böhm S, Hosgood G, Raisis A. Determination of tidal volume by electrical impedance tomography (EIT) after indirect two-point calibration. Physiol Meas 2022; 43. [PMID: 35322796 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac604a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A linear relationship between impedance change (△Z) measured by thoracic electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and tidal volume (VT) has been demonstrated. This study evaluated the agreement between the displayed VT calculated by the EIT software (VTEIT) and spirometry (VTSPIRO) after an indirect two-point calibration. APPROACH The EIT software was programmed to execute a bedside two-point calibration from the subject-specific, linear equation defining the relationship between △Z and VTSPIROand displaying VTEITbreath-by-breath in 20 neutered male, juvenile pigs. After EIT calibration VTs of 8, 12, 16 and 20 mL kg-1were applied to the lungs. VTEITand VTSPIROwere recorded and analysed using Bland-Altman plot for multiple subject measurements. Volumetric capnography (VCap) and spirometry data were explored as components of variance using multiple regression. MAIN RESULTS A mean relative difference (bias) of 0.7% with 95% confidence interval (CI) of -10.4 - 10.7% were found between VTEITand VTSPIROfor the analysed data set. The variance in VTEITcould not be explained by any of the measured VCap or spirometry variables. SIGNIFICANCE The narrow CI estimated in this study allows the conclusion that EIT and its software can be used to measure and accurately convert △Z into mililitre VT at the bedside after applying an indirect two-point calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mosing
- School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Perth, 6150, AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Beat Müller
- SenTec AG, Kantonsstrasse 14, Therwil, Basel-Landschaft, 7302, SWITZERLAND
| | - Stephan Böhm
- Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, 18057, GERMANY
| | - Giselle Hosgood
- Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150, AUSTRALIA
| | - Anthea Raisis
- Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150, AUSTRALIA
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176
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Electrical impedance tomography in the adult intensive care unit. Curr Opin Crit Care 2022; 28:292-301. [DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000000936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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177
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Chi Y, Zhao Z, Frerichs I, Long Y, He H. Prevalence and prognosis of respiratory pendelluft phenomenon in mechanically ventilated ICU patients with acute respiratory failure: a retrospective cohort study. Ann Intensive Care 2022; 12:22. [PMID: 35246748 PMCID: PMC8897528 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-022-00995-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory pendelluft phenomenon, defined as intrapulmonary gas redistribution caused by asynchronous alveolar ventilation, could be potentially harmful by inducing lung injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate its prevalence and prognosis in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). METHODS This was a retrospective observational study on 200 mechanically ventilated ARF patients treated in a tertiary ICU. The presence of pendelluft was determined using electrical impedance tomography (EIT) within 48 h after admission. Its amplitude was defined as the impedance difference between the sum of all regional tidal impedance variation and the global tidal impedance variation. A value above 2.5% (the 95th percentile from 30 healthy volunteers) was considered confirmative for its occurrence. RESULTS Pendelluft was found in 61 patients (39 in 94 patients with spontaneous breathing, 22 in 106 receiving controlled ventilation), with an overall prevalence of 31%. Existence of spontaneous breathing and higher global inhomogeneity index were associated with pendelluft. Patients with pendelluft had a longer ICU length of stay [10 (6, 14) vs. 7 (4, 11) days; median (lower, upper quartile); p = 0.022] and shorter 14-day ventilator-free days [8 (1, 10) vs. 10 (6, 12) days; p = 0.015]. Subgroup survival analysis suggested the association between pendelluft and longer ventilation duration, which was significant only in patients with PaO2/FiO2 ratio below 200 mmHg (log-rank p = 0.042). ICU mortality did not differ between the patients with and without pendelluft. CONCLUSIONS Respiratory pendelluft occurred often in our study group and it was associated with longer ventilation duration. Early recognition of this phenomenon should trigger interventions aimed at alleviating pendelluft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanqi Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Technical Medicine, Furtwangen University, VS-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Inéz Frerichs
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Yun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
| | - Huaiwu He
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
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178
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Bayford R, Sadleir R, Frerichs I. Advances in electrical impedance tomography and bioimpedance including applications in COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment. Physiol Meas 2022; 43. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac4e6c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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179
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Batey N, Henry C, Garg S, Wagner M, Malhotra A, Valstar M, Smith T, Sharkey D. The newborn delivery room of tomorrow: emerging and future technologies. Pediatr Res 2022:10.1038/s41390-022-01988-y. [PMID: 35241791 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-01988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Advances in neonatal care have resulted in improved outcomes for high-risk newborns with technologies playing a significant part although many were developed for the neonatal intensive care unit. The care provided in the delivery room (DR) during the first few minutes of life can impact short- and long-term neonatal outcomes. Increasingly, technologies have a critical role to play in the DR particularly with monitoring and information provision. However, the DR is a unique environment and has major challenges around the period of foetal to neonatal transition that need to be overcome when developing new technologies. This review focuses on current DR technologies as well as those just emerging and further over the horizon. We identify what key opinion leaders in DR care think of current technologies, what the important DR measures are to them, and which technologies might be useful in the future. We link these with key technologies including respiratory function monitors, electoral impedance tomography, videolaryngoscopy, augmented reality, video recording, eye tracking, artificial intelligence, and contactless monitoring. Encouraging funders and industry to address the unique technological challenges of newborn care in the DR will allow the continued improvement of outcomes of high-risk infants from the moment of birth. IMPACT: Technological advances for newborn delivery room care require consideration of the unique environment, the variable patient characteristics, and disease states, as well as human factor challenges. Neonatology as a speciality has embraced technology, allowing its rapid progression and improved outcomes for infants, although innovation in the delivery room often lags behind that in the intensive care unit. Investing in new and emerging technologies can support healthcare providers when optimising care and could improve training, safety, and neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Batey
- Nottingham Neonatal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Caroline Henry
- Nottingham Neonatal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Perinatal Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Shalabh Garg
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Michael Wagner
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michel Valstar
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Thomas Smith
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Don Sharkey
- Nottingham Neonatal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
- Centre for Perinatal Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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180
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Ouypornkochagorn T, Terzija N, Wright P, Davidson JL, Polydorides N, McCann H. Scalp-Mounted Electrical Impedance Tomography of Cerebral Hemodynamics. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2022; 22:4569-4580. [PMID: 35673527 PMCID: PMC9093315 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2022.3145587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) system has been developed for dynamic three-dimensional imaging of changes in conductivity distribution in the human head, using scalp-mounted electrodes. We attribute these images to changes in cerebral perfusion. At 100 frames per second (fps), voltage measurement is achieved with full-scale signal-to-noise ratio of 105 dB and common-mode rejection ratio > 90 dB. A novel nonlinear method is presented for 3-D imaging of the difference in conductivity distribution in the head, relative to a reference time. The method achieves much reduced modelling error. It successfully localizes conductivity inclusions in experimental and simulation tests, where previous methods fail. For > 50 human volunteers, the rheoencephalography (REG) waveform is observed in EIT voltage measurements for every volunteer, with peak-to-peak amplitudes up to approx. 50 μVrms. Images are presented of the change in conductivity distribution during the REG/cardiac cycle, at 50 fps, showing maximum local conductivity change of approx. 1% in grey/white matter. A total of 17 tests were performed during short (typically 5s) carotid artery occlusions on 5 volunteers, monitored by Transcranial Doppler ultrasound. From EIT measurements averaged over complete REG/cardiac cycles, 13 occlusion tests showed consistently decreased conductivity of cerebral regions on the occluded side, and increased conductivity on the opposite side. The maximum local conductivity change during occlusion was approx. 20%. The simplicity of the carotid artery intervention provides a striking validation of the scalp-mounted measurement system in imaging cerebral hemodynamics, and the REG images indicate its unique combination of sensitivity and temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Wright
- Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringThe University of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLU.K.
| | - John L. Davidson
- Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringThe University of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLU.K.
| | - Nick Polydorides
- School of EngineeringThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3JLU.K.
| | - Hugh McCann
- School of EngineeringThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3JLU.K.
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181
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High-Flow Nasal Cannula Reduces Effort of Breathing But Not Consistently via Positive End-Expiratory Pressure. Chest 2022; 162:861-871. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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182
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Wang Y, Zhong M. Inhaled Nitric Oxide Improved Refractory Hypoxemia Through Attenuation of Intra-Pulmonary Shunt. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:1114. [PMID: 35167413 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202107-1598im] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 92323, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 92323, Shanghai, China
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183
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Roldán R, Rodriguez S, Barriga F, Tucci M, Victor M, Alcala G, Villamonte R, Suárez-Sipmann F, Amato M, Brochard L, Tusman G. Sequential lateral positioning as a new lung recruitment maneuver: an exploratory study in early mechanically ventilated Covid-19 ARDS patients. Ann Intensive Care 2022; 12:13. [PMID: 35150355 PMCID: PMC8840950 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-022-00988-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A sequential change in body position from supine-to-both lateral positions under constant ventilatory settings could be used as a postural recruitment maneuver in case of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), provided that sufficient positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) prevents derecruitment. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and physiological effects of a sequential postural recruitment maneuver in early mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients. Methods A cohort of 15 patients receiving lung-protective mechanical ventilation in volume-controlled with PEEP based on recruitability were prospectively enrolled and evaluated in five sequentially applied positions for 30 min each: Supine-baseline; Lateral-1st side; 2nd Supine; Lateral-2nd side; Supine-final. PEEP level was selected using the recruitment-to-inflation ratio (R/I ratio) based on which patients received PEEP 12 cmH2O for R/I ratio ≤ 0.5 or PEEP 15 cmH2O for R/I ratio > 0.5. At the end of each period, we measured respiratory mechanics, arterial blood gases, lung ultrasound aeration, end-expiratory lung impedance (EELI), and regional distribution of ventilation and perfusion using electric impedance tomography (EIT). Results Comparing supine baseline and final, respiratory compliance (29 ± 9 vs 32 ± 8 mL/cmH2O; p < 0.01) and PaO2/FIO2 ratio (138 ± 36 vs 164 ± 46 mmHg; p < 0.01) increased, while driving pressure (13 ± 2 vs 11 ± 2 cmH2O; p < 0.01) and lung ultrasound consolidation score decreased [5 (4–5) vs 2 (1–4); p < 0.01]. EELI decreased ventrally (218 ± 205 mL; p < 0.01) and increased dorsally (192 ± 475 mL; p = 0.02), while regional compliance increased in both ventral (11.5 ± 0.7 vs 12.9 ± 0.8 mL/cmH2O; p < 0.01) and dorsal regions (17.1 ± 1.8 vs 18.8 ± 1.8 mL/cmH2O; p < 0.01). Dorsal distribution of perfusion increased (64.8 ± 7.3% vs 66.3 ± 7.2%; p = 0.01). Conclusions Without increasing airway pressure, a sequential postural recruitment maneuver improves global and regional respiratory mechanics and gas exchange along with a redistribution of EELI from ventral to dorsal lung areas and less consolidation. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04475068. Registered 17 July 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04475068 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13613-022-00988-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rollin Roldán
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Experimental, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de Piura, Lima, Peru.,Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Rebagliati, Lima, Peru.,Laboratório de Pneumologia LIM-09, Disciplina de Pneumologia, Heart Institute (Incor) Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shalim Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Experimental, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de Piura, Lima, Peru.,Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Rebagliati, Lima, Peru
| | - Fernando Barriga
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Experimental, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de Piura, Lima, Peru.,Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Rebagliati, Lima, Peru
| | - Mauro Tucci
- Laboratório de Pneumologia LIM-09, Disciplina de Pneumologia, Heart Institute (Incor) Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus Victor
- Laboratório de Pneumologia LIM-09, Disciplina de Pneumologia, Heart Institute (Incor) Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Electronics Engineering, Aeronautics Institute of Technology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glasiele Alcala
- Laboratório de Pneumologia LIM-09, Disciplina de Pneumologia, Heart Institute (Incor) Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renán Villamonte
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Experimental, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de Piura, Lima, Peru.,Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Rebagliati, Lima, Peru
| | - Fernando Suárez-Sipmann
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Hedenstierna Laboratory, Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcelo Amato
- Laboratório de Pneumologia LIM-09, Disciplina de Pneumologia, Heart Institute (Incor) Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laurent Brochard
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria Street, Room 4-08, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada. .,Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Gerardo Tusman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Privado de Comunidad, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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184
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Conventional vs High-Frequency Ventilation for Weaning from Total Liquid Ventilation in Lambs. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2022; 299:103867. [PMID: 35149225 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2022.103867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare conventional gas ventilation (GV) and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) for weaning from total liquid ventilation (TLV). METHODS Sixteen lambs were anesthetized. After 1 h of TLV with perflubron (PFOB), they were assigned to either GV or HFOV for 2 h. Oxygen requirements, electrical impedance tomography and videofluoroscopic sequences, and respiratory system compliance were recorded. RESULTS The lambs under GV needed less oxygen at 20 min following TLV (40 [25, 45] and 83 [63, 98]%, p = 0.001 under GV and HFOV, respectively). During weaning, tidal volume distribution was increased in the nondependent regions in the GV group compared to baseline (p = 0.046). Furthermore, residual PFOB was observed in the most dependent region. No air was detected by fluoroscopy in that region at the end of expiration in the GV group. CONCLUSION GV offers a transient advantage over HFOV with regards to oxygenation for TLV weaning.
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185
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David M, Raison M, Paul S, Cartiaux O, Detrembleur C, Mahaudens P. Locoregional lung ventilation distribution in girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and healthy adolescents. The immediate effect of Schroth 'derotational breathing' exercise in a controlled-trial. Physiother Theory Pract 2022; 39:938-953. [PMID: 35105251 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2033896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scoliosis curves present transverse plane deviations due to vertebral rotation. The Schroth method supports thoracic derotation by training patients to exert "derotational" breathing based on assumed enhanced ventilation in areas called "humps" in scoliosis and a patient's ability to voluntarily direct ventilation in less ventilated areas called "flats." OBJECTIVE To assess the asymmetric ventilation distribution and the ability of patients to direct their ventilation to perform derotational breathing. METHODS Twelve girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and 12 healthy girls performed 3 × 3 min of rest, maximal, and derotational breathing. Electrical impedance tomography was used to record locoregional lung ventilation distribution (LLVD) within 4 thoracic regions of interest: anterior right (ROI 1), anterior left (ROI 2), posterior right (ROI 3), and posterior left (ROI 4) quadrants. Humps and flats were the sums of ROI '2 + 3' and ROI '1 + 4,' respectively. RESULTS Overall, no difference in LLVD was observed in the flats and humps between groups. At rest, the LLVD in the humps was more elevated than that in the flats (51.5 ± 8.1% versus 43.6 ± 7.9%; p = .021) when considering both groups. Maximal and derotational breathing led to a more homogeneous LLVD between the humps and flats. CONCLUSION The postulated derotational breathing effect was not confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes David
- Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Maxime Raison
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Rehabilitation, Centre de Readaptation Marie-Enfant du CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Paul
- Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Service d'Orthopédie et de Traumatologie de l'Appareil Locomoteur, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Cartiaux
- Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Detrembleur
- Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Mahaudens
- Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Service d'Orthopédie et de Traumatologie de l'Appareil Locomoteur, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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186
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Somhorst P, Gommers D, Endeman H. Advanced respiratory monitoring in mechanically ventilated patients with coronavirus disease 2019-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. Curr Opin Crit Care 2022; 28:66-73. [PMID: 34772836 PMCID: PMC8711301 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the current knowledge about the application of advanced monitoring techniques in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). RECENT FINDINGS Due to the heterogeneity between patients, management of COVID-19 requires daily monitoring of and/or aeration and inspiratory effort. Electrical impedance tomography can be used to optimize positive end-expiratory pressure, monitor the response to changes in treatment or body position and assess pulmonary perfusion and ventilation/perfusion matching. Lung ultrasound is more readily available and can be used to measure and monitor recruitment, provide an indication of diaphragm function and pulmonary perfusion disturbances. Esophageal pressure measurements enable the calculation of the transpulmonary pressure and inspiratory effort in order to prevent excessive stress on the lung. While esophageal pressure measurements are the golden standard in determining inspiratory effort, alternatives like P0.1, negative pressure swing during a single airway occlusion and change in central venous pressure are more readily available and capable of diagnosing extreme inspiratory efforts. SUMMARY Although there is little data on the effectiveness of advanced monitoring techniques in COVID-19, regular monitoring should be a central part of the management of COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (C-ARDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Somhorst
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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187
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Brazey B, Haddab Y, Zemiti N. Robust imaging using electrical impedance tomography: review of current tools. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2022; 478:20210713. [PMID: 35197802 PMCID: PMC8808710 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2021.0713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a medical imaging technique with many advantages and great potential for development in the coming years. Currently, some limitations of EIT are related to the ill-posed nature of the problem. These limitations are translated on a practical level by a lack of genericity of the developed tools. In this paper, the main robust data acquisition and processing tools for EIT proposed in the scientific literature are presented. Their relevance and potential to improve the robustness of EIT are analysed, in order to conclude on the feasibility of a robust EIT tool capable of providing resistivity or difference of resistivity mapping in a wide range of applications. In particular, it is shown that certain measurement acquisition tools and algorithms, such as faulty electrode detection algorithm or particular electrode designs, can ensure the quality of the acquisition in many circumstances. Many algorithms, aiming at processing acquired data, are also described and allow to overcome certain difficulties such as an error in the knowledge of the position of the boundaries or the poor conditioning of the inverse problem. They have a strong potential to faithfully reconstruct a quality image in the presence of disturbances such as noise or boundary modelling error.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nabil Zemiti
- LIRMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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188
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Marpole R, Ohn M, O'Dea CA, von Ungern-Sternberg BS. Clinical utility of preoperative pulmonary function testing in pediatrics. Paediatr Anaesth 2022; 32:191-201. [PMID: 34875135 DOI: 10.1111/pan.14356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Perioperative respiratory adverse events pose a significant risk in pediatric anesthesia, and identifying these risks is vital. Traditionally, this is assessed using history and examination. However, the perioperative risk is multifactorial, and children with complex medical backgrounds such as chronic lung disease or obesity may benefit from additional objective preoperative pulmonary function tests. This article summarizes the utility of available pulmonary function assessment tools as preoperative tests in improving post-anesthetic outcomes. Currently, there is no evidence to support or discourage any pulmonary function assessment as a routine preoperative test for children undergoing anesthesia. In addition, there is uncertainty about which patients with the known or suspected respiratory disease require preoperative pulmonary function tests, what time period prior to surgery these are required, and whether spirometry or more sophisticated tests are indicated. Therefore, the need for any test should be based on information obtained from the history and examination, the child's age, and the complexity of the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Marpole
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Division of Paediatrics, School of Medical, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Mon Ohn
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Division of Paediatrics, School of Medical, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Perioperative Medicine Team, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher A O'Dea
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Britta S von Ungern-Sternberg
- Perioperative Medicine Team, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Division of Emergency Medicine, Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Medical, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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189
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Yang L, Qu S, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Wang H, Yang B, Xu C, Dai M, Cao X. Removing Clinical Motion Artifacts During Ventilation Monitoring With Electrical Impedance Tomography: Introduction of Methodology and Validation With Simulation and Patient Data. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:817590. [PMID: 35174192 PMCID: PMC8841770 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.817590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a bedside tool for lung ventilation and perfusion assessment. However, the ability for long-term monitoring diminished due to interferences from clinical interventions and motion artifacts. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to detect and remove the common types of motion artifacts in thoracic EIT. Methods Baseline drifting, step-like and spike-like interferences were simulated to mimic three common types of motion artifacts. The discrete wavelet decomposition was employed to characterize those motion artifacts in different frequency levels with different wavelet coefficients, and those motion artifacts were then attenuated by suppressing the relevant wavelet coefficients. Further validation was conducted in two patients when motion artifacts were introduced through pulsating mattress and deliberate body movements. The db8 wavelet was used to decompose the contaminated signals into several sublevels. Results In the simulation study, it was shown that, after being processed by DWT, the signal consistency improved by 92.98% for baseline drifting, 97.83% for the step-like artifact, and 62.83% for the spike-like artifact; the signal similarity improved by 77.49% for baseline drifting, 73.47% for the step-like artifact, and 2.35% for the spike-like artifact. Results from patient data demonstrated the EIT image errors decreased by 89.24% (baseline drifting), 88.45% (step-like artifact), and 97.80% (spike-like artifact), respectively; the data correlations between EIT images without artifacts and the processed were all > 0.95. Conclusion This study found that DWT is a universal and effective tool to detect and remove these motion artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuoyao Qu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hang Wang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Canhua Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Meng Dai
| | - Xinsheng Cao
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Xinsheng Cao
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190
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Li Z, Qin S, Chen C, Mei S, Yao Y, Zhao Z, Li W, Deng Y, Gao Y. Emerging Trends and Hot Spots of Electrical Impedance Tomography Applications in Clinical Lung Monitoring. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:813640. [PMID: 35174185 PMCID: PMC8841839 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.813640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study explores the emerging trends and hot topics concerning applications on electrical impedance tomography (EIT) in clinical lung monitoring. Methods Publications on EIT applications in clinical lung monitoring in 2001–2021 were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The search strategy was “electrical impedance tomography” and “lung.” CiteSpace, a VOS viewer was used to study the citation characteristics, cooperation, and keyword co-occurrence. Moreover, co-cited reference clustering, structural variation analysis (SVA), and future research trends were presented. Results Six hundred and thirty-six publications were included for the final analysis. The global annual publications on clinical lung monitoring gradually increased in the last two decades. Germany contributes 32.2% of total global publications. University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (84 publications, cited frequency 2,205), Physiological Measurement (105 publications, cited frequency 2,056), and Inéz Frerichs (116 articles, cited frequency 3,609) were the institution, journal, and author with the largest number of article citations in the research field. “Electrical impedance tomography” (occurrences, 304), “mechanical ventilation” (occurrences, 99), and “acute respiratory distress syndrome” (occurrences, 67) were the top most three frequent keywords, “noninvasive monitoring” (Avg, pub, year: 2008.17), and “extracorporeal membrane oxygenation” (Avg, pub, year: 2019.60) were the earliest and latest keywords. The keywords “electrical impedance tomography” (strength 7.88) and co-cited reference “Frerichs I, 2017, THORAX” (strength 47.45) had the highest burst value. “Driving pressure,” “respiratory failure,” and “titration” are the three keywords still maintaining a high brush value until now. The largest and smallest cluster of the co-cited references are “obstructive lung diseases” (#0, size: 97) and “lung perfusion” (#20, size: 5). Co-cited reference “Frerichs I, 2017, THORAX” (modularity change rate: 98.49) has the highest structural variability. Categories with most and least interdisciplinary crossing are “ENGINEERING” and “CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE.” Conclusions EIT is a valuable technology for clinical lung monitoring, gradually converting from imaging techniques to the clinic. Research hot spots may continue monitoring techniques, the ventilation distribution of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and respiratory therapy strategies. More diversified lung function monitoring studies, such as lung perfusion and interdisciplinary crossing, are potentially emerging research trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaojie Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuya Mei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulong Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanqi Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Technical Medicine, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wen Li
| | - Yuxiao Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Yuxiao Deng
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Yuan Gao
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191
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Tipre DN, Cidon M, Moats RA. Imaging Pulmonary Blood Vessels and Ventilation-Perfusion Mismatch in COVID-19. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:526-536. [PMID: 35041149 PMCID: PMC8764889 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 hypoxemic patients although sharing a same etiology (SARS-CoV-2 infection) present themselves quite differently from one another. Patients also respond differently to prescribed medicine and to prone Vs supine bed positions. A severe pulmonary ventilation-perfusion mismatch usually triggers moderate to severe COVID-19 cases. Imaging can aid the physician in assessing severity of COVID-19. Although useful for their portability X-ray and ultrasound serving on the frontline to evaluate lung parenchymal abnormalities are unable to provide information about pulmonary vasculature and blood flow redistribution which is a consequence of hypoxemia in COVID-19. Advanced imaging modalities such as computed tomography, single-photon emission tomography, and electrical impedance tomography use a sharp algorithm visualizing pulmonary ventilation-perfusion mismatch in the abnormal and in the apparently normal parenchyma. Imaging helps to access the severity of infection, lung performance, ventilation-perfusion mismatch, and informs strategies for medical treatment. This review summarizes the capacity of these imaging modalities to assess ventilation-perfusion mismatch in COVID-19. Despite having limitations, these modalities provide vital information on blood volume distribution, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary vasculature and are useful to assess severity of lung disease and effectiveness of treatment in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dnyanesh N Tipre
- Translational Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, The Saban Research Institute, 4650 Sunset Blvd Rm 305, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Michal Cidon
- Department of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rex A Moats
- Translational Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, The Saban Research Institute, 4650 Sunset Blvd Rm 305, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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192
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Nguyen DM, Duong Trong L, McEwan AL. An efficient and fast multi-band focused bioimpedance solution with EIT-based reconstruction for pulmonary embolism assessment: a simulation study from massive to segmental blockage. Physiol Meas 2022; 43. [PMID: 34986471 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac4830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary embolism (PE) is an acute condition that blocks the perfusion to the lungs and is a common complication of Covid-19. However, PE is often not diagnosed in time, especially in the pandemic time due to complicated diagnosis protocol. In this study, a non-invasive, fast and efficient bioimpedance method with the EIT-based reconstruction approach is proposed to assess the lung perfusion reliably. APPROACH Some proposals are presented to improve the sensitivity and accuracy for the bioimpedance method: (1) a new electrode configuration and focused pattern to help study deep changes caused by PE within each lung field separately, (2) a measurement strategy to compensate the effect of different boundary shapes and varied respiratory conditions on the perfusion signals and (3) an estimator to predict the lung perfusion capacity, from which the severity of PE can be assessed. The proposals were tested on the first-time simulation of PE events at different locations and degrees from segmental blockages to massive blockages. Different object boundary shapes and varied respiratory conditions were included in the simulation to represent for different populations in real measurements. RESULTS The correlation between the estimator and the perfusion was very promising (R = 0.91, errors < 6%). The measurement strategy with the proposed configuration and pattern has helped stabilize the estimator to non-perfusion factors such as the boundary shapes and varied respiration conditions (3-5% errors). SIGNIFICANCE This promising preliminary result has demonstrated the proposed bioimpedance method's capability and feasibility, and might start a new direction for this application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Minh Nguyen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney - Camperdown and Darlington Campus SciTech Library, Room 415, Level 4, Link Building Faculty of Engineering and IT, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Hanoi, New South Wales, 100000, AUSTRALIA
| | - Luong Duong Trong
- School of Electronics and Telecommunication, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Dai Co Viet Street, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, 100000, VIET NAM
| | - Alistair L McEwan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Room 415, Level 4, Link Building Faculty of Engineering and IT, The University of Sydney, Darlington NSW 2006, Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, AUSTRALIA
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193
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Effects of PEEP on the relationship between tidal volume and total impedance change measured via electrical impedance tomography (EIT). J Clin Monit Comput 2022; 36:325-334. [PMID: 33492490 PMCID: PMC7829490 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-021-00651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is used in lung physiology monitoring. There is evidence that EIT is linearly associated with global tidal volume (VT) in clinically healthy patients where no positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is applied. This linearity has not been challenged by altering lung conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PEEP on VT estimation, using EIT technology and spirometry, and observe the stability of the relationship under changing lung conditions. Twelve male castrated cattle (Steer), mean age 7.8 months (SD ± 1.7) were premedicated with xylazine followed by anaesthesia induction with ketamine and maintenance with halothane in oxygen via an endotracheal tube. An EIT belt was applied around the thorax at the level of the fifth intercostal space. Volume controlled ventilation was used. PEEP was increased in a stepwise manner from 0 to 5, 10 and 15 cmH2O. At each PEEP, the VT was increased stepwise from 5 to 10 and 15 mL kg-1. After a minute of stabilisation, total impedance change (VTEIT), using EIT and VT measured by a spirometer connected to a flow-partitioning device (VTSpiro) was recorded for the following minute before changing ventilator settings. Data was analysed using linear regression and multi variable analysis. There was a linear relationship between VTEIT and VTSpiro at all levels of PEEP with an R2 of 0.71, 0.68, 0.63 and 0.63 at 0, 5, 10 and 15 cmH2O, respectively. The variance in VTEIT was best described by peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) and PEEP (adjusted R2 0.82) while variance in VTSpiro was best described by PIP and airway deadspace (adjusted R2 0.76). The relationship between VTEIT and VTSpiro remains linear with changes in tidal volume, and stable across altered lung conditions. This may have application for monitoring and assessment in vivo.
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194
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The DELUX study: development of lung volumes during extubation of preterm infants. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:242-248. [PMID: 34465873 PMCID: PMC8406659 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01699-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure changes in end-expiratory lung impedance (EELI) as a marker of functional residual capacity (FRC) during the entire extubation procedure of very preterm infants. METHODS Prospective observational study in preterm infants born at 26-32 weeks gestation being extubated to non-invasive respiratory support. Changes in EELI and cardiorespiratory parameters (heart rate, oxygen saturation) were recorded at pre-specified events during the extubation procedure compared to baseline (before first handling of the infant). RESULTS Overall, 2912 breaths were analysed in 12 infants. There was a global change in EELI during the extubation procedure (p = 0.029). EELI was lowest at the time of extubation [median (IQR) difference to baseline: -0.30 AU/kg (-0.46; -0.14), corresponding to an FRC loss of 10.2 ml/kg (4.8; 15.9), padj = 0.004]. The biggest EELI loss occurred during adhesive tape removal [median change (IQR): -0.18 AU/kg (-0.22; -0.07), padj = 0.004]. EELI changes were highly correlated with changes in the SpO2/FiO2 ratio (r = 0.48, p < 0.001). Forty per cent of FRC was re-recruited at the tenth breath after the initiation of non-invasive ventilation (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The extubation procedure is associated with significant changes in FRC. This study provides novel information for determining the optimal way of extubating a preterm infant. IMPACT This study is the first to examine the development of lung volumes during the entire extubation procedure including the impact of associated events. The extubation procedure significantly affects functional residual capacity with a loss of approximately 10 ml/kg at the time of extubation. Removal of adhesive tape is the major contributing factor to FRC loss during the extubation procedure. Functional residual capacity is regained within the first breaths after initiation of non-invasive ventilation and is further increased after turning the infant into the prone position.
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195
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Zhang C, Wang Y, Liu L, Li Q, Li Y, Li N, Xi J, Jiang H, Fu F, Frerichs I, Möller K, Zhao Z. Regional ventilation distribution in patients with scoliosis assessed by electrical impedance tomography: is individual thorax shape required? Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2022; 299:103854. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2022.103854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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196
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Bhatia R, Carlisle HR, Armstrong RK, Kamlin COF, Davis PG, Tingay DG. Extubation generates lung volume inhomogeneity in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2022; 107:82-86. [PMID: 34162692 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-321788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) to describe the regional tidal ventilation (VT) and change in end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) patterns in preterm infants during the process of extubation from invasive to non-invasive respiratory support. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Single-centre tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. PATIENTS Preterm infants born <32 weeks' gestation who were being extubated to nasal continuous positive airway pressure as per clinician discretion. INTERVENTIONS EIT measurements were taken in supine infants during elective extubation from synchronised positive pressure ventilation (SIPPV) before extubation, during and then at 2 and 20 min after commencing nasal continuous positive applied pressure (nCPAP). Extubation and pressure settings were determined by clinicians. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Global and regional ΔEELV and ΔVT, heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation were measured throughout. RESULTS Thirty infants of median (range) 2 (1, 21) days were extubated to a median (range) CPAP 7 (6, 8) cm H2O. SpO2/FiO2 ratio was a mean (95% CI) 50 (35, 65) lower 20 min after nCPAP compared with SIPPV. EELV was lower at all points after extubation compared with SIPPV, and EELV loss was primarily in the ventral lung (p=0.04). VT was increased immediately after extubation, especially in the central and ventral regions of the lung, but the application of nCPAP returned VT to pre-extubation patterns. CONCLUSIONS EIT was able to describe the complex lung conditions occurring during extubation to nCPAP, specifically lung volume loss and greater use of the dorsal lung. EIT may have a role in guiding peri-extubation respiratory support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risha Bhatia
- Newborn Research, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia .,Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hazel R Carlisle
- Newborn Research, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neonatology, Centenary Hospital for Women and Children, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ruth K Armstrong
- Newborn Research, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Neonatology, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Omar Farouk Kamlin
- Newborn Research, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter G Davis
- Newborn Research, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David G Tingay
- Newborn Research, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Neonatology, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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197
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Widing H, Chiodaroli E, Liggieri F, Mariotti PS, Hallén K, Perchiazzi G. Homogenizing effect of PEEP on tidal volume distribution during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist: study of an animal model of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Respir Res 2022; 23:324. [PMID: 36419132 PMCID: PMC9685871 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physiological response and the potentially beneficial effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) for lung protection and optimization of ventilation during spontaneous breathing in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are not fully understood. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of different PEEP levels on tidal volume distribution and on the ventilation of dependent lung region during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA). METHODS ARDS-like lung injury was induced by using saline lavage in 10 anesthetized and spontaneously breathing farm-bred pigs. The animals were ventilated in NAVA modality and tidal volume distribution as well as dependent lung ventilation were assessed using electric impedance tomography during the application of PEEP levels from 0 to 15 cmH20, in steps of 3 cmH20. Tidal volume distribution and dependent fraction of ventilation were analysed using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Furthermore, airway, esophageal and transpulmonary pressure, as well as airway flow and delivered volume, were continuously measured during the assisted spontaneous breathing. RESULTS Increasing PEEP improved oxygenation and re-distributed tidal volume. Specifically, ventilation distribution changed from a predominant non-dependent to a more even distribution between non-dependent and dependent areas of the lung. Dependent fraction of ventilation reached 47 ± 9% at PEEP 9 cmH20. Further increasing PEEP led to a predominant dependent ventilation. CONCLUSION During assisted spontaneous breathing in this model of induced ARDS, PEEP modifies the distribution of ventilation and can achieve a homogenizing effect on its spatial arrangement. The study indicates that PEEP is an important factor during assisted spontaneous breathing and that EIT can be of valuable interest when titrating PEEP level during spontaneous breathing, by indicating the most homogeneous distribution of gas volumes throughout the PEEP spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Widing
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Ing 40, 3 Tr, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden ,grid.1649.a000000009445082XDepartment of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elena Chiodaroli
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Ing 40, 3 Tr, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden ,grid.415093.a0000 0004 1793 3800Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo University Hospital, Via Di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Liggieri
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Ing 40, 3 Tr, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden ,Division of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinic University Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Sara Mariotti
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Ing 40, 3 Tr, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden ,grid.10796.390000000121049995Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Katarina Hallén
- grid.1649.a000000009445082XDepartment of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gaetano Perchiazzi
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Ing 40, 3 Tr, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden ,grid.412354.50000 0001 2351 3333Department of Anesthesia, Operation and Intensive Care, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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198
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Ferguson KN, Tingay DG. Predicting extubation success: still a conundrum? Pediatr Res 2022; 92:923-924. [PMID: 35986146 PMCID: PMC9586867 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin N. Ferguson
- grid.1058.c0000 0000 9442 535XNeonatal Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.416107.50000 0004 0614 0346Department of Neonatology, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - David G. Tingay
- grid.1058.c0000 0000 9442 535XNeonatal Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.416107.50000 0004 0614 0346Department of Neonatology, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
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199
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Frerichs I, Lasarow L, Strodthoff C, Vogt B, Zhao Z, Weiler N. Spatial Ventilation Inhomogeneity Determined by Electrical Impedance Tomography in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:762791. [PMID: 34966289 PMCID: PMC8712108 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.762791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether electrical impedance tomography (EIT) could determine the presence of ventilation inhomogeneity in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) from measurements carried out not only during conventional forced full expiration maneuvers but also from forced inspiration maneuvers and quiet tidal breathing and whether the inhomogeneity levels were comparable among the phases and higher than in healthy subjects. EIT data were acquired in 52 patients with exacerbated COPD (11 women, 41 men, 68 ± 11 years) and 14 healthy subjects (6 women, 8 men, 38 ± 8 years). Regional lung function parameters of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced inspiratory vital capacity (FIVC), forced inspiratory volume in 1 s (FIV1), and tidal volume (V T ) were determined in 912 image pixels. The spatial inhomogeneity of the pixel parameters was characterized by the coefficients of variation (CV) and the global inhomogeneity (GI) index. CV and GI values of pixel FVC, FEV1, FIVC, FIV1, and VT were significantly higher in patients than in healthy subjects (p ≤ 0.0001). The ventilation distribution was affected by the analyzed lung function parameter in patients (CV: p = 0.0024, GI: p = 0.006) but not in healthy subjects. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that CV and GI discriminated patients from healthy subjects with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.835 and 0.852 (FVC), 0.845 and 0.867 (FEV1), 0.903 and 0.903 (FIVC), 0.891 and 0.882 (FIV1), and 0.821 and 0.843 (VT), respectively. These findings confirm the ability of EIT to identify increased ventilation inhomogeneity in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inéz Frerichs
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Livia Lasarow
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claas Strodthoff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Barbara Vogt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Zhanqi Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Technical Medicine, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Norbert Weiler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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200
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Song X, Yang D, Yang M, Bai Y, Qin B, Tian S, Song G, Guo X, Dong R, Men Y, Liu Z, Liu X, Wang C. Effect of Electrical Impedance Tomography-Guided Early Mobilization in Patients After Major Upper Abdominal Surgery: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:710463. [PMID: 34957133 PMCID: PMC8695759 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.710463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary complications are common in patients after upper abdominal surgery, resulting in poor clinical outcomes and increased costs of hospitalization. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Guidelines strongly recommend early mobilization post-operatively; however, the quality of the evidence is poor, and indicators for quantifying the effectiveness of early mobilization are lacking. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of early mobilization in patients undergoing an upper abdominal surgery using electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Specifically, we will use EIT to assess and compare the lung ventilation distribution among various regions of interest (ROI) before and after mobilization in this patient population. Additionally, we will assess the temporal differences in the distribution of ventilation in various ROI during mobilization in an effort to develop personalized activity programs for this patient population. Methods: In this prospective, single-center cohort study, we aim to recruit 50 patients after upper abdominal surgery between July 1, 2021 and June 30, 2022. This study will use EIT to quantify the ventilation distribution among different ROI. On post-operative day 1, the nurses will assist the patient to sit on the chair beside the bed. Patient's heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and ROI 1-4 will be recorded before the mobilization as baseline. These data will be recorded again at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after mobilization, and the changes in vital signs and ROI 1-4 values at each time point before and after mobilization will be compared. Ethics and Dissemination: The study protocol has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of Liaocheng Cardiac Hospital (2020036). The trial is registered at chictr.org.cn with identifier ChiCTR2100042877, registered on January 31, 2021. The results of the study will be presented at relevant national and international conferences and submitted to international peer-reviewed journals. There are no plans to communicate results specifically to participants. Important protocol modifications, such as changes to eligibility criteria, outcomes, or analyses, will be communicated to all relevant parties (including investigators, Institutional Review Board, trial participants, trial registries, journals, and regulators) as needed via email or in-person communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Song
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Liaocheng Cardiac Hospital, Liaocheng, China.,Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Dong E Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Daqiang Yang
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Liaocheng Cardiac Hospital, Liaocheng, China.,Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Dong E Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Maopeng Yang
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Liaocheng Cardiac Hospital, Liaocheng, China.,Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Dong E Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yahu Bai
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Liaocheng Cardiac Hospital, Liaocheng, China.,Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Dong E Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Bingxin Qin
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Liaocheng Cardiac Hospital, Liaocheng, China.,Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Dong E Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Shoucheng Tian
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Liaocheng Cardiac Hospital, Liaocheng, China.,Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Dong E Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Gangbing Song
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Liaocheng Cardiac Hospital, Liaocheng, China.,Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Dong E Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xiuyan Guo
- Education Department, Dong E Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Ranran Dong
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Liaocheng Cardiac Hospital, Liaocheng, China.,Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Dong E Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yuanyuan Men
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Liaocheng Cardiac Hospital, Liaocheng, China.,Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Dong E Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- Internal Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Liaocheng Cardiac Hospital, Liaocheng, China.,Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Dong E Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Chunting Wang
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
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