151
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Ben-Menahem D. Preparation, characterization and application of long-acting FSH analogs for assisted reproduction. Theriogenology 2018; 112:11-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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152
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153
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Talpur HS, Chandio IB, Brohi RD, Worku T, Rehman Z, Bhattarai D, Ullah F, JiaJia L, Yang L. Research progress on the role of melatonin and its receptors in animal reproduction: A comprehensive review. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:831-849. [PMID: 29663591 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin and its receptors play a crucial role in the regulation of the animal reproductive process, primarily in follicular development. However, the role that melatonin performs in regulating hormones related with reproduction remains unclear. Melatonin and its receptors are present both in female and male animals' organs, such as ovaries, heart, brain and liver. Melatonin regulates ovarian actions and is a key mediator of reproductive actions. Melatonin has numerous effects on animal reproduction, such as protection of gametes and embryos, response to clock genes, immune-neuroendocrine, reconciliation of seasonal variations in immune function, and silence or blockage of genes. The growth ratio of reproductive illnesses in animals has raised a remarkable concern for the government, animal caretakers and farm managers. In order to resolve this challenging issue, it is very necessary to conduct state-of-the-art research on melatonin and its receptors because melatonin has considerable physiognomies. This review article presents a current contemporary research conducted by numerous researchers from the entire world on the role of melatonin and its receptors in animal reproduction, from the year 1985 to the year 2017. Furthermore, this review shows scientific research challenges related to melatonin receptors and their explanations based on the findings of 172 numerous research articles, and also represents significant proficiencies of melatonin in order to show enthusiastic study direction for animal reproduction researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Talpur
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - I B Chandio
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
| | - R D Brohi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - T Worku
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Z Rehman
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - D Bhattarai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - F Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - L JiaJia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - L Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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154
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Brailsford JA, Stockdill JL, Axelrod AJ, Peterson MT, Vadola PA, Johnston EV, Danishefsky SJ. Total Chemical Synthesis of Human Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (hTSH) β-Subunit: Application of Arginine-tagged Acetamidomethyl (Acm R) Protecting Groups. Tetrahedron 2018; 74:1951-1956. [PMID: 30853725 PMCID: PMC6402344 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The β-subunit of human thyroid stimulating hormone (hTSH) has been synthesized as a single glycoform bearing a chitobiose disaccharide at the native glycosylation site. Key to the successful completion of this synthesis was the introduction of an arginine-tagged acetamidomethyl group, which served to greatly facilitate handling of a glycopeptide fragment with poor aqueous solubility. This general solution to the challenge of working with intractable peptides is expected to find wide use in protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Brailsford
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jennifer L Stockdill
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Abram J Axelrod
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Michael T Peterson
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Paul A Vadola
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Eric V Johnston
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Samuel J Danishefsky
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
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155
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Association of T/A polymorphism in miR-1302 binding site in CGA gene with male infertility in Isfahan population. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:413-417. [PMID: 29627965 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Infertility occurs in 10-15% of couples worldwide and close to half of it is caused by male factors. One of the genes that can affect male infertility is CGA. Polymorphisms in CGA gene may affect gene expression, therefore affecting male infertility by disrupting the regulation of this gene. One of the polymorphisms is the substitution of T with A in the miR-1302 binding site in the 3' untranslated region of the CGA gene. In this study, we explored this polymorphism in Isfahan population. In this case-control study, by the use of Tetra primer-ARMS-PCR technique, rs6631 has been investigated in 224 infertile men and 196 controls. Infertile men were recruited from Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center. Analysis of genotype and allele frequencies indicated that the differences between case and control populations were significant for rs6631 because P = 0.00 which is above the threshold. We found a significant relationship between this polymorphism and male infertility. This study which performed for the first time in Iran suggests that polymorphism in CGA gene can affect male infertility. Also, this polymorphism has high heterozygosity, so it can be used for further studies in different populations.
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156
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Reproductive role of miRNA in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 88:130-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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157
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Das N, Kumar TR. Molecular regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone synthesis, secretion and action. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:R131-R155. [PMID: 29437880 PMCID: PMC5851872 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plays fundamental roles in male and female fertility. FSH is a heterodimeric glycoprotein expressed by gonadotrophs in the anterior pituitary. The hormone-specific FSHβ-subunit is non-covalently associated with the common α-subunit that is also present in the luteinizing hormone (LH), another gonadotrophic hormone secreted by gonadotrophs and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secreted by thyrotrophs. Several decades of research led to the purification, structural characterization and physiological regulation of FSH in a variety of species including humans. With the advent of molecular tools, availability of immortalized gonadotroph cell lines and genetically modified mouse models, our knowledge on molecular mechanisms of FSH regulation has tremendously expanded. Several key players that regulate FSH synthesis, sorting, secretion and action in gonads and extragonadal tissues have been identified in a physiological setting. Novel post-transcriptional and post-translational regulatory mechanisms have also been identified that provide additional layers of regulation mediating FSH homeostasis. Recombinant human FSH analogs hold promise for a variety of clinical applications, whereas blocking antibodies against FSH may prove efficacious for preventing age-dependent bone loss and adiposity. It is anticipated that several exciting new discoveries uncovering all aspects of FSH biology will soon be forthcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandana Das
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, U.S.A
| | - T. Rajendra Kumar
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, U.S.A
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, U.S.A
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, U.S.A
- Author for Correspondence: T. Rajendra Kumar, PhD, Edgar L. and Patricia M. Makowski Professor, Associate Vice-Chair of Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8613, Research Complex 2, Room # 15-3000B, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, Tel: 303-724-8689,
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158
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Surgova T, Vinnitsky V, Sidorenko M. Cancer and Pregnancy Characterization of Common Markers. Int J Biol Markers 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/172460089100600401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T.M. Surgova
- Institute for Oncology Problems, Academy of Science of the Ukrainian S.S.R., Kiev-U.S.S.R
| | - V.B. Vinnitsky
- Institute for Oncology Problems, Academy of Science of the Ukrainian S.S.R., Kiev-U.S.S.R
| | - M.V. Sidorenko
- Institute for Oncology Problems, Academy of Science of the Ukrainian S.S.R., Kiev-U.S.S.R
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159
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Coss D. Regulation of reproduction via tight control of gonadotropin hormone levels. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 463:116-130. [PMID: 28342855 PMCID: PMC6457911 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian reproduction is controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. GnRH from the hypothalamus regulates synthesis and secretion of gonadotropins, LH and FSH, which then control steroidogenesis and gametogenesis. In females, serum LH and FSH levels exhibit rhythmic changes throughout the menstrual or estrous cycle that are correlated with pulse frequency of GnRH. Lack of gonadotropins leads to infertility or amenorrhea. Dysfunctions in the tightly controlled ratio due to levels slightly outside the normal range occur in a larger number of women and are correlated with polycystic ovaries and premature ovarian failure. Since the etiology of these disorders is largely unknown, studies in cell and mouse models may provide novel candidates for investigations in human population. Hence, understanding the mechanisms whereby GnRH regulates gonadotropin hormone levels will provide insight into the physiology and pathophysiology of the reproductive system. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of GnRH regulation of gonadotropin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djurdjica Coss
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
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160
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Jonak CR, Lainez NM, Boehm U, Coss D. GnRH Receptor Expression and Reproductive Function Depend on JUN in GnRH Receptor‒Expressing Cells. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1496-1510. [PMID: 29409045 PMCID: PMC5839737 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus regulates synthesis and secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gonadotropes. LH and FSH are heterodimers composed of a common α-subunit and unique β-subunits, which provide biological specificity and are limiting components of mature hormone synthesis. Gonadotrope cells respond to GnRH via specific expression of the GnRH receptor (Gnrhr). GnRH induces the expression of gonadotropin genes and of the Gnrhr by activation of specific transcription factors. The JUN (c-Jun) transcription factor binds to AP-1 sites in the promoters of target genes and mediates induction of the FSHβ gene and of the Gnrhr in gonadotrope-derived cell lines. To analyze the role of JUN in reproductive function in vivo, we generated a mouse model that lacks JUN specifically in GnRH receptor‒expressing cells (conditional JUN knockout; JUN-cKO). JUN-cKO mice displayed profound reproductive anomalies such as reduced LH levels resulting in lower gonadal steroid levels, longer estrous cycles in females, and diminished sperm numbers in males. Unexpectedly, FSH levels were unchanged in these animals, whereas Gnrhr expression in the pituitary was reduced. Steroidogenic enzyme expression was reduced in the gonads of JUN-cKO mice, likely as a consequence of reduced LH levels. GnRH receptor‒driven Cre activity was detected in the hypothalamus but not in the GnRH neuron. Female, but not male, JUN-cKO mice exhibited reduced GnRH expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate that GnRH receptor‒expression levels depend on JUN and are critical for reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie R. Jonak
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Nancy M. Lainez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling, Saarland University School of Medicine, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Djurdjica Coss
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
- Correspondence: Djurdjica Coss, PhD, Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, 303 SOM Research Building, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521. E-mail:
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161
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Yang X, Ochin H, Shu L, Liu J, Shen J, Liu J, Lin C, Cui Y. Homozygous nonsense mutation Trp28X in the LHB gene causes male hypogonadism. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:913-919. [PMID: 29476300 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate a novel mutation in the luteinizing hormone beta-subunit (LHB) gene in one male patient with hypogonadism due to selective luteinizing hormone (LH) deficiency. METHODS Sanger sequencing of one 28-year-old man born to consanguineous parents was performed. Treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (2000 IU, twice a week) was initiated for 3 months, followed by 5000 IU weekly to date. RESULTS We identified a novel c.84G>A[p.W28X] nonsense LHB mutation. The W28X mutation produces a truncated LHB peptide of seven amino acids, which prevents the synthesis of intact LH. After 40 days of treatment with hCG, the patient exhibited a few spermatozoa in the semen. Treated for 6 months, the patient exhibited normal seminal parameters. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel mutation in the LHB gene in a male patient with hypogonadism and provided evidence that LHB nonsense mutation can cause selective LH deficiency. We reconfirmed hCG treatment may restore male fertility due to LHB mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - H Ochin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Li Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jinyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiandong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Changsong Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Yugui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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162
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Wylie MJ, Setiawan AN, Irvine GW, Symonds JE, Elizur A, Lokman PM. Effects of neuropeptides and sex steroids on the pituitary-gonadal axis of pre-pubertal F1 wreckfish (hāpuku) Polyprion oxygeneios in vivo: Evidence of inhibitory effects of androgens. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 257:113-121. [PMID: 28822774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ability to advance puberty in broodstock that have a long generation interval and mature at large size is a highly valuable tool in contemporary aquaculture enterprise. Juvenile male and female wreckfish 'hāpuku' (Polyprion oxygeneios), a candidate for commercialization in aquaculture, were subjected to treatment for 8weeks with two implants, one containing steroid (blank; estradiol-17β, E2; 11-ketotestosterone, KT; 17 α-methyltestosterone, MT), the other peptide (blank; gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog, GnRHa; kisspeptin, Kiss2-12). The expression of target genes (glycoprotein homone α-subunit, gpa; follicle stimulating-hormone β-subunit, fshb; luteinizing hormone β-subunit, lhb; GnRH receptor, gnrhr) in the pituitary was assayed by quantitative PCR. KT and MT decreased mRNA levels of all target genes in both male and female hāpuku, suggestive of a strong inhibitory tone by these steroid hormones. E2, GnRHa and Kiss2-12 were largely ineffective, regardless of whether they were administered alone or in combination with steroid implants. Clear differences in release and/or clearance rates between E2 and KT from implants were evident, in part explaining our observations. Advancement of puberty was not achieved, and we pose that different hormone doses and/or administration during more advanced stages of gonadogenesis need to be considered to move this field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Wylie
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Alvin N Setiawan
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Northland Marine Research Centre, PO Box 147, Ruakaka 0151, New Zealand
| | - Glen W Irvine
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Northland Marine Research Centre, PO Box 147, Ruakaka 0151, New Zealand
| | - Jane E Symonds
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Northland Marine Research Centre, PO Box 147, Ruakaka 0151, New Zealand
| | - Abigail Elizur
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - P Mark Lokman
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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163
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Haslam C, Damiati S, Whitley T, Davey P, Ifeachor E, Awan SA. Label-Free Sensors Based on Graphene Field-Effect Transistors for the Detection of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Cancer Risk Biomarker. Diagnostics (Basel) 2018; 8:E5. [PMID: 29316718 PMCID: PMC5871988 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics8010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the development of label-free chemical vapour deposition (CVD) graphene field effect transistor (GFET) immunosensors for the sensitive detection of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), a glycoprotein risk biomarker of certain cancers. The GFET sensors were fabricated on Si/SiO₂ substrate using photolithography with evaporated chromium and sputtered gold contacts. GFET channels were functionalised with a linker molecule to an immobile anti-hCG antibody on the surface of graphene. The binding reaction of the antibody with varying concentration levels of hCG antigen demonstrated the limit of detection of the GFET sensors to be below 1 pg/mL using four-probe electrical measurements. We also show that annealing can significantly improve the carrier transport properties of GFETs and shift the Dirac point (Fermi level) with reduced p-doping in back-gated measurements. The developed GFET biosensors are generic and could find applications in a broad range of medical diagnostics in addition to cancer, such as neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's ) and cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Haslam
- Wolfson Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory, School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Samar Damiati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Toby Whitley
- Wolfson Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory, School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Paul Davey
- Wolfson Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory, School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Emmanuel Ifeachor
- Wolfson Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory, School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Shakil A Awan
- Wolfson Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory, School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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164
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Kumar TR. Extragonadal Actions of FSH: A Critical Need for Novel Genetic Models. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2-8. [PMID: 29236987 PMCID: PMC5761596 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is critical for ovarian folliculogenesis and essential for female fertility. FSH binds to FSH receptors (FSHRs) and regulates estrogen production in ovarian granulosa cells to orchestrate female reproductive physiology. Ovarian senescence that occurs as a function of aging results in loss of estrogen production, and this is believed to be the major reason for bone loss in postmenopausal women. Although conflicting, studies in rodents and humans during the last decade have provided genetic, pharmacological, and physiological evidence that elevated FSH levels that occur in the face of normal or declining estrogen levels directly regulate bone mass and adiposity. Recently, an efficacious blocking polyclonal FSHβ antibody was developed that inhibited ovariectomy-induced bone loss and triggered white-to-brown fat conversion accompanied by mitochondrial biogenesis in mice. Moreover, additional nongonadal targets of FSH action have been identified, and these include the female reproductive tract (endometrium and myometrium), the placenta, hepatocytes, and blood vessels. In this mini-review, I summarize these studies in mice and humans and discuss critical gaps in our knowledge, yet unanswered questions, and the rationale for developing novel genetic models to unambiguously address the extragonadal actions of FSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Rajendra Kumar
- Division of Reproductive Sciences and Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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165
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Romano RM, Bargi-Souza P, Brunetto EL, Goulart-Silva F, Salgado RM, Zorn TMT, Nunes MT. Triiodothyronine differentially modulates the LH and FSH synthesis and secretion in male rats. Endocrine 2018; 59:191-202. [PMID: 29210006 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1487-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis produce adverse effects in male reproduction by unknown mechanisms. We investigated whether triiodothyronine (T3) modulates luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis/secretion, by inducing different thyroid states. In hypothyroidism, the content of Lhb and Fshb mRNAs was increased, while their association to ribosomes and the protein content were reduced and the serum LH and FSH concentrations were augmented and decreased, respectively. Thyrotoxicosis reduced Lhb mRNA and LH serum concentration, and increased Lhb mRNA translational rate. The Fshb mRNA content and its association to ribosomes were also increased, whereas FSH serum concentrations were comparable to euthyroid levels. Acute T3 treatment decreased the total content of Lhb and Fshb mRNAs, and increased their association to ribosomes, as well as the LHB and FSHB contents in secretory granules. This study shows that T3 acts on gonadotrophs, resulting in direct effects on LH and FSH synthesis/secretion of male rats, suggesting that some reproductive disorders observed in men may be associated with thyroid hormone imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Marino Romano
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Bargi-Souza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika Lia Brunetto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francemilson Goulart-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato M Salgado
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Telma Maria Tenorio Zorn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Nunes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-000, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor: Advances and Remaining Challenges. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 338:1-58. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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167
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Reen JK, Kerekoppa R, Deginal R, Ahirwar MK, Kannegundla U, Chandra S, Palat D, Das DN, Kataktalware MA, Jeyakumar S, Isloor SK. Luteinizing hormone beta gene polymorphism and its effect on semen quality traits and luteinizing hormone concentrations in Murrah buffalo bulls. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 31:1119-1126. [PMID: 29268581 PMCID: PMC6043452 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Present investigation was aimed to study the Single Nucleotide Variants of the luteinizing hormone beta (LHβ) gene and to analyze their association with the semen quality (fresh and post-thawed frozen semen) and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations in Murrah buffalo bulls. Methods Polymerase chain reaction–single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR–SSCP) and Sanger sequencing method is used to study genetic variability in LHβ gene. LH assay was carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. A fixed general linear model was used to analyze association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of LHβ gene with semen quality in 109 and LH concentrations in 80 Murrah bulls. Results LHβ gene was found to be polymorphic. Total six SNPs were identified in LHβ gene g C356090A, g C356113T, g A356701G, g G355869A, g G356330C, and g G356606T. Single Stranded Conformational Polymorphism variants of pattern 2 of exon 1+pattern 2 of exon 2+pattern 1 of exon 3 had highly significant (p<0.01) effect on sperm concentration (million/mL), percent mass motility, acrosome integrity and membrane integrity in fresh and frozen semen whereas significant (p<0.05) effect was observed on percent live spermatozoa. SSCP variants of pattern 2 of exon 1+pattern 2 of exon 2+pattern 1 of exon 3 had highly significant (p<0.01) effect on luteinizing hormone concentrations too. Conclusion The observed association between SSCP variants of LHβ gene with semen quality parameters and LH concentrations indicated the possibilities of using LHβ as a candidate gene for identification of markers for semen quality traits and LH concentrations in Murrah buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagish Kour Reen
- Genetics Laboratory, Dairy Production Section, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Adugodi, Bengaluru-560030, India
| | - Ramesha Kerekoppa
- Genetics Laboratory, Dairy Production Section, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Adugodi, Bengaluru-560030, India
| | - Revanasiddu Deginal
- Genetics Laboratory, Dairy Production Section, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Adugodi, Bengaluru-560030, India
| | - Maneesh Kumar Ahirwar
- Livestock Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Adugodi, Bengaluru-560030 India
| | - Uday Kannegundla
- Genetics Laboratory, Dairy Production Section, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Adugodi, Bengaluru-560030, India
| | - Satish Chandra
- Genetics Laboratory, Dairy Production Section, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Adugodi, Bengaluru-560030, India
| | - Divya Palat
- Genetics Laboratory, Dairy Production Section, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Adugodi, Bengaluru-560030, India
| | - Dayal Nitai Das
- Genetics Laboratory, Dairy Production Section, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Adugodi, Bengaluru-560030, India
| | - Mukund Amritrao Kataktalware
- Livestock Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Adugodi, Bengaluru-560030 India
| | - Sakthivel Jeyakumar
- Livestock Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Adugodi, Bengaluru-560030 India
| | - Shri Krishna Isloor
- Department of Microbiology, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, India
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168
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Chen X, Liu Y, Shan Y, Jin X, Shi Q, Jia C. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein suppresses mouse granulosa cell differentiation through disruption of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 pathway. Mol Reprod Dev 2017; 84:1306-1313. [PMID: 29155477 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity predisposes women to reproductive disorders. One symptom of obesity in women is higher levels of oxidized Low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in serum and preovulatory follicles. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that oxLDL might impair follicle differentiation and luteinization. Given that Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) plays crucial roles in supporting follicle differentiation and luteinization in mammals, we focused on oxLDL-mediated events that may affect the HIF1 pathway. We report that exposure to oxLDL diminished the expression of HIF1α and its target genes and suppressed the differentiation of mouse luteinized granulosa cells following induction by human Chorionic gonadotophin (hCG) under hypoxic conditions (1% oxygen). Significantly, the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 prevented this oxLDL-attenuation differentiation phenotype by blocking HIF1α degradation. Together, these findings suggest that suppression of granulosa cell differentiation by oxLDL, via HIF1α down-regulation, may contribute the negative effects of obesity on female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Chen
- Departmentof Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Centre for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhong Shan
- Department of Obstetrics, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xingyi Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingyang Shi
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Centre for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunshu Jia
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Centre for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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169
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Abud JE, Santamaría CG, Luque EH, Rodriguez HA. Development of a quantitative immuno-polymerase chain reaction assay to detect and quantify low levels of human thyroid stimulating hormone. Anal Biochem 2017; 539:134-143. [PMID: 29111317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we developed both a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a highly sensitive immuno-polymerase chain reaction (IPCR) assay specific for detection of human thyroid stimulating hormone (hTSH). Several anti-hTSH monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were generated using hybridoma technology. Two pairs of MAbs (B-4 and B-9) were rationally selected and the optimal assay conditions of sandwich ELISAs were established. The ELISA prototypes were evaluated with standards calibrated with WHO 2nd International Reference Preparation for hTSH and in comparison with a commercial ELISA Kit. Although the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.1 μIU/ml in all cases, B-9-ELISA showed an analytical performance similar to commercial ELISA Kit. Therefore, we selected the B-9 ELISA to develop a hTSH-IPCR assay applying an "Universal-IPCR" format in standard PCR tubes without pretreatment. The signal amplification was achieved through the interaction between the biotinylated detection MAb and mono-biotinylated DNA probe pre-self-assembled with neutravidin. The hTSH-IPCR assay showed a significant increase in terms of the slope definition of sensitivity in low levels range. Our results support the potential of IPCR technique for being applied in clinical diagnosis of thyroid states.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Abud
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo s/n, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CP3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - C G Santamaría
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo s/n, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CP3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E H Luque
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo s/n, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CP3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - H A Rodriguez
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo s/n, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CP3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
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170
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Horie Y, Yamagishi T, Takahashi H, Iguchi T, Tatarazako N. Effects of triclosan on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) during embryo development, early life stage and reproduction. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 38:544-551. [PMID: 29181881 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan has been shown to have endocrine-disrupting effects in aquatic organisms. In 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration banned the use of triclosan in consumer soaps. Before the ban, triclosan was reported at low concentrations in the aquatic environment, although the effect of triclosan on reproduction in teleost fish species is yet to be clarified. Here we investigated the effects of triclosan on embryo development and reproduction, and during the early life stage, in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) by using Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development tests 229, 212 and 210, with minor modifications. In adult medaka, exposure to 345.7 μg l-1 suppressed fecundity and increased mortality but had no effect on fertility. Exposure to 174.1 or 345.7 μg l-1 increased liver vitellogenin concentration in females but decreased liver vitellogenin concentration in males. With triclosan exposure, mortality was increased dose dependently during the embryonic and early larval stages, and a particularly steep increase in mortality was observed soon after hatching. The lowest observed effect concentrations of triclosan in Japanese medaka obtained in the present study (mortality [embryonic and larval stages, 276.3 μg l-1 ; early life stage, 134.4 μg l-1 ; adult stage, 174.1 μg l-1 ], growth [134.4 μg l-1 ], vitellogenin [174.1 μg l-1 ], fecundity [345.7 μg l-1 ] and fertility [>345.7 μg l-1 ]) were at least 55 times (compared with the USA) and up to 13 400 times (compared with Germany) greater than the detected triclosan levels in the aquatic environment. These results suggest that triclosan may not be affecting fish populations in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamagishi
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroko Takahashi
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Norihisa Tatarazako
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
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171
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Detti L, Fletcher NM, Saed GM, Peregrin-Alvarez I, Uhlmann RA. Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) May Stall Ovarian Cortex Function Through Modulation of Hormone Receptors Other Than the AMH Receptor. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:1218-1223. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719117737850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Detti
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nicole M. Fletcher
- The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ghassan M. Saed
- The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Irene Peregrin-Alvarez
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Uhlmann
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Memphis, TN, USA
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172
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Abstract
Thyrostimulin is a glycoprotein heterodimer of GPA2 and GPB5, first described in 2002. It is involved in the physiological function of several tissues. Moreover, evidence points towards the ability of thyrostimulin's individual monomers to induce a biological effect, which could denote the circulatory/systemic effects of the molecule when found in higher concentrations. From the evolutionary point of view, thyrostimulin shares a binding epitope with the thyroid-stimulating hormone for the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor, whilst possessing affinity for another unique binding site on the same receptor. Although thyrostimulin can be involved in the hypothalamicpituitary- thyroid axis, its presence in various tissues in an eclectic array of different species renders it multifunctional. From weight loss via increasing metabolic rate to progression of cancer in human ovaries, it is certainly not a signaling molecule to overlook. Furthermore, thyrostimulin has been implicated in bone metabolism, acute illness, and reproductive function. In summary, to our knowledge, this is the first review dealing with the physiological role of thyrostimulin and its potential applications in the clinical practice.
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173
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Horie Y, Watanabe H, Takanobu H, Shigemoto Y, Yamagishi T, Iguchi T, Tatarazako N. Effects of triphenyltin on reproduction in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) across two generations. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 192:16-23. [PMID: 28910659 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyltin (TPT) is an organotin compound used in marine anti-fouling coatings to prevent the attachment and growth of marine organisms, and it has negative effects on aquatic organisms. TPT is still detected at low concentrations, although its use has been prohibited at least in the European Community and is restricted in Japan as well. Studies using Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) indicate that TPT has the potential to inhibit reproduction. Although TPT is detected in many aquatic ecosystems, the multi-generational impact of TPT remains unknown. We investigated the two-generational effects of TPT on Japanese medaka and examined the relationships of several such effects between the F0 and F1 generations. Suppression of fecundity was observed in both generations, and fertility and growth were inhibited in the F1 generation. Moreover, delayed hatching and lower hatchability were observed in F1 embryos. Importantly, the value of the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for these influences in F1 was lower than that in F0: that is, the LOEC values of fecundity and mortality were 3.2μg/L in the F0 generation and 1.0μg/L in the F1 generation. Fertility was not affected by TPT in F0, whereas it was significantly suppressed in the 1.0μg/L-exposure group of the F1 generation. Our results provide the first evidence of the effects of TPT on reproduction in a teleost fish across two generations, highlighting the concern that TPT could affect reproduction and mortality at decreasing concentrations in temporally overlapping generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Haruna Watanabe
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hitomi Takanobu
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Shigemoto
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamagishi
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, and Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Norihisa Tatarazako
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
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174
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Wang ZP, Wang D, Wang CL, Xie WJ, Zhu YF, Chen XW. Transcriptome characterization of HPG axis from Chinese sea perch Lateolabrax maculatus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 91:1407-1418. [PMID: 28913865 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here the transcriptome and differential gene expression in the adult brain and gonads of the Chinese sea perch Lateolabrax maculatus were reported. A total of 78 256 909 clean reads were generated from the adult brain, ovary and testis by using the Illumina HiSeq2000 platform and assembled into 274 909 contigs. A total of 31 683 unigenes were annotated based on sequence similarity and 20 702 unigenes were found to exhibit 8237 gene ontology terms and 3888 signal pathways. Transcripts of 26 623 unigenes were present in all of the tissues, whereas pairwise comparisons revealed that 671/367, 496/315 and 1668/580 unigenes were up-down regulated by at least two-fold between the brain and ovary, ovary and testis and brain and testis, respectively. Homology search led to the identification of reproduction-associated genes of the brain-gonad axis, including those involved in sex differentiation and maintenance. The data provided an integrated and comprehensive transcriptome resource for L. maculatus, which could be used for further research on hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis gene function, reproduction regulation and sex-biased gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z P Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - D Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - C L Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - W J Xie
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Y F Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - X W Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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175
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Bargi-Souza P, Goulart-Silva F, Nunes MT. Novel aspects of T 3 actions on GH and TSH synthesis and secretion: physiological implications. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 59:R167-R178. [PMID: 28951438 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) classically regulate the gene expression by transcriptional mechanisms. In pituitary, the encoding genes for growth hormone (GH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are examples of genes regulated by triiodothyronine (T3) in a positive and negative way, respectively. Recent studies have shown a rapid adjustment of GH and TSH synthesis/secretion induced by T3 posttranscriptional actions. In somatotrophs, T3 promotes an increase in Gh mRNA content, poly(A) tail length and binding to the ribosome, associated with a rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton. In thyrotrophs, T3 reduces Tshb mRNA content, poly(A) tail length and its association with the ribosome. In parallel, it promotes a redistribution of TSH secretory granules to more distal regions of the cell periphery, indicating a rapid effect of T3 inhibition of TSH secretion. T3 was shown to affect the content of tubulin and the polymerization of actin and tubulin cytoskeletons in the whole anterior pituitary gland, and to increase intracellular alpha (CGA) content. This review summarizes genomic and non-genomic/posttranscriptional actions of TH on the regulation of several steps of GH and TSH synthesis and secretion. These distinct mechanisms induced by T3 can occur simultaneously, even though non-genomic effects are promptly elicited and precede the genomic actions, coexisting in a functional network within the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M T Nunes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics of the Institute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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176
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Li W, Quan Y, Zhang M, Wang K, Zhu M, Chen Y, Li Q, Wu K. Effects of pituitary-specific overexpression of FSHα/β on reproductive traits in transgenic boars. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017; 8:84. [PMID: 29090093 PMCID: PMC5655851 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a gonadotropin synthesized and secreted by the pituitary gland. FSH stimulates follicle development and maturation in females. It also plays an important role in spermatogenesis in males, including humans and mice. However, the effects of FSH on male pigs are largely unknown. In this study, we generated transgenic pigs to investigate the effects of FSHα/β overexpression on reproductive traits in boars. RESULTS After five transgenic F0 founders were crossed with wide-type pigs, 193 F1 animals were obtained. Of these, 96 were confirmed as transgenic. FSHα and FSHβ mRNAs were detected only in pituitary tissue. Transgenic boars exhibited significantly higher levels of FSHα and FSHβ mRNA, serum FSH, and serum testosterone, compared to full-sib non-transgenic boars. Significant increases in testis weight, vas deferens diameter, seminiferous tubule diameter, and the number of Leydig cells were observed, suggesting that the exogenous FSHα/β affects reproductive traits. Finally, transgenic and non-transgenic boars had similar growth performance and biochemical profiles. CONCLUSIONS Pituitary-specific overexpression of FSHα/β genes is likely to impact reproductive traits positively, as indicated by enhancements in serum testosterone level, testis weight, the development of vas deferens, seminiferous tubules, and Leydig cells in transgenic boars. A high level of serum FSH induces secretion of serum testosterone, possibly by boosting the number of Leydig cells, which presumably increases the libido and the frequency of sexual activity in transgenic boars. Our study provides a preliminary foundation for the genetic improvement of reproductive traits in male pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Yujun Quan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Kejun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Muzhen Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Ye Chen
- The Department of Animal Husbandry, Rongchang Campus, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460 China
| | - Qiuyan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Keliang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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177
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Chorionic Gonadotropin-β Modulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Carcinoma Metastasis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:204-215. [PMID: 29037859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ectopic production of free β human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGβ) has been associated with aggressive behavior in non-trophoblastic tumors. hCGβ shares common evolutionary sequences with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which represents a major driving force of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we examined the biological roles of hCGβ during EMT and its clinical significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Eighty CRC specimens and 54 preoperative serum samples were analyzed. hCGβ-overexpressing human CRC cell lines were examined for invasiveness and tumorigenicity, and the expression of EMT-associated genes was investigated. In human CRC, histologic hCGβ positivity [13/80 (16.3%)] was lower than serologic hCGβ positivity [13/54 (24.1%)]. However, it was significantly correlated with several clinicopathological features and unfavorable outcome (P < 0.05). hCGβ-overexpressing cell lines had increased invasiveness, migratory ability, and metastatic potential in mice (P < 0.01). Western blot, PCR, and microarray analyses showed hCGβ altered expression of EMT-related genes, including E-cadherin, phosphorylated SMAD2, SNAIL, and TWIST. hCGβ-induced SNAIL and TWIST overexpression levels were reversible by type I and type II TGF-β receptor inhibitors (P < 0.05). hCGβ thus induces EMT via the TGF-β signaling pathway, and it may represent a molecular target in CRC treatment.
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178
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Jayaraman A, Kumar TR. Extra-pituitary expressed follicle-stimulating hormone: Is it physiologically important? Biol Reprod 2017; 97:622-626. [PMID: 29036567 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary gonadotropes synthesize and secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). FSH is a heterodimer that consists of an α- and β-subunit. The α-subunit is common to other pituitary and placental glycoprotein hormones, and the β-subunit is the hormone/receptor-specific subunit. Although the pituitary is the main tissue that accounts for circulating hormone, previous and recent reports indicate extra-pituitary sources of FSH production including mouse gonads, human stomach, prostate, umbilical cord vein endothelial cells, uterine myometrium, placenta, and chicken abdominal adipose tissue. Whether extra-pituitary derived FSH exerts any physiologically significant actions is not known. In this review, we have comprehensively analyzed the expression of mRNAs that encode mouse and human FSH subunits and also their corresponding expressed sequence tags in normal tissues, cancer cell lines, and primary tumors by public database mining. We propose criteria to assess the significance of individual FSH subunit or FSH dimer expression as well as genetic approaches to unambiguously define the physiological relevance of extra-pituitary FSH expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Jayaraman
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - T Rajendra Kumar
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Program in Integrated Physiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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179
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Ikegami K, Yoshimura T. The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and biological rhythms: The discovery of TSH's unexpected role using animal models. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 31:475-485. [PMID: 29223282 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are important for development, growth, and metabolism. It is also clear that the synthesis and secretion of TH are regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Animal models have helped advance our understanding of the roles and regulatory mechanisms of TH. The animals' bodies develop through coordinated timing of cell division and differentiation. Studies of frog metamorphosis led to the discovery of TH and their role in development. However, to adapt to rhythmic environmental changes, animals also developed various endocrine rhythms. Studies of rodents clarified the neural and molecular mechanisms underlying the circadian regulation of the HPT axis. Moreover, birds have a sophisticated seasonal adaptation mechanism, and recent studies of quail revealed unexpected roles for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and TH in the seasonal regulation of reproduction. Interestingly, this mechanism is conserved in mammals. Thus, we review how animal studies have shaped our general understanding of the HPT axis in relation to biological rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ikegami
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
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180
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Chen H, Chen L, Wu Y, Shen H, Yang G, Deng C. The Exonization and Functionalization of an Alu-J Element in the Protein Coding Region of Glycoprotein Hormone Alpha Gene Represent a Novel Mechanism to the Evolution of Hemochorial Placentation in Primates. Mol Biol Evol 2017; 34:3216-3231. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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181
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Luan X, Cao Z, Xing Z, Liu M, Gao M, Meng B, Fan R. Comparative proteomic analysis of pituitary glands from Huoyan geese between pre-laying and laying periods using an iTRAQ-based approach. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185253. [PMID: 28945779 PMCID: PMC5612699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of the proteomic profile of the pituitary gland of the Huoyan goose during the laying period compared to the pre-laying period using an iTRAQ-based approach. Protein samples were prepared from pituitary gland tissues of nine pre-laying period and nine laying period geese. Then the protein samples from three randomly selected geese within each period were pooled in equal amounts to generate one biological sample pool. We identified 684 differentially expressed proteins, including 418 up-regulated and 266 down-regulated proteins. GO annotation and KEGG pathway analyses of these proteins were conducted. Some of these proteins were found to be associated with hormone and neurotransmitter secretion and transport, neuropeptide signalling and GnRH signalling pathways, among others. Subsequently, the modification of the abundance of three proteins (prolactin, chromogranin-A and ITPR3) was verified using western blotting. Our results will provide a new source for mining genes and gene products related to the egg-laying performance of Huoyan geese, and may provide important information for the conservation and utilization of local goose breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Luan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhongzan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Xing
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Ming Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Bo Meng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Ruiming Fan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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182
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Nwabuobi C, Arlier S, Schatz F, Guzeloglu-Kayisli O, Lockwood CJ, Kayisli UA. hCG: Biological Functions and Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102037. [PMID: 28937611 PMCID: PMC5666719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced primarily by differentiated syncytiotrophoblasts, and represents a key embryonic signal that is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy. hCG can activate various signaling cascades including mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (Smad2), protein kinase C (PKC), and/or protein kinase A (PKA) in several cells types by binding to luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) or potentially by direct/indirect interaction with transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGFβR). The molecule displays specialized roles in promoting angiogenesis in the uterine endothelium, maintaining myometrial quiescence, as well as fostering immunomodulation at the maternal-fetal interface. It is a member of the glycoprotein hormone family that includes luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The α-subunit of hCG displays homologies with TSH, LH, and FSH, whereas the β subunit is 80–85% homologous to LH. The hCG molecule is produced by a variety of organs, exists in various forms, exerts vital biological functions, and has various clinical roles ranging from diagnosis and monitoring of pregnancy and pregnancy-related disorders to cancer surveillance. This review presents a detailed examination of hCG and its various clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinedu Nwabuobi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Sefa Arlier
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana 01370, Turkey.
| | - Frederick Schatz
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Ozlem Guzeloglu-Kayisli
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Charles Joseph Lockwood
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Umit Ali Kayisli
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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183
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Kim HS, Lee SH. Expression of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Subunit Genes in Mouse Testis. Dev Reprod 2017; 21:327-333. [PMID: 29082348 PMCID: PMC5651699 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2017.21.3.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropins are heterodimers consisting an alpha chain (Cgα) and a beta chain.
Interestingly, presence of complicated LH-β transcripts in rat testis was
accidently found; testicular LH-β transcripts were confined in seminiferous
tubules to spermatids, and the translated products were localized in the
elongated spermatids. We hypothesized that mouse testis has potential to produce
the tissue specific LH-β with similar structure to the rat testicular forms. To
verify our hypothesis, we examined the adult mouse (ICR) testis using RT-PCR and
immunohistochemistry. The PCR revealed the presence of the identical products in
the reactions for three LH subunit types. The expected product sizes for mouse
Cgα and LH-β known as pituitary type were 224 bp and 503 bp, respectively. The
testicular type LH-β products were produced by a primer set based on the rat
sequences, with unexpected size of 800 bp. Sequencing revealed that the proximal
and distal parts (2-82 and 661- 773 bp, respectively) were homologous to rat
testicular LH-β cDNA, and middle part (83-660 bp) was a unique mouse-specific
region. Both Cgα and LH-β positive signals were in the round and elongated
spermatids and mature sperms, and the LH-β signals were more intense. In
conclusion, our study demonstrated that the presence and localization of the LH
subunits in mouse testis. Further studies will be needed to understand the
precise structure and function of mouse testicular LH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Soo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016,
Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016,
Korea
- Corresponding Author : Sung-Ho Lee, Ph.D.,
Department of Life Science, Sangmyung University, Hongjmoon-2 gil 20,
Jongrho-Gu, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea. Tel: +82-2-2287-5139, Fax:
+82-2-2287-0070, E-mail:
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184
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Sevilhano T, de Carvalho RF, Oliveira NADJ, Oliveira JE, Maltarollo VG, Trossini G, Garcez R, Bartolini P. Molecular cloning and characterization of pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone β-subunit cDNAs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183545. [PMID: 28846736 PMCID: PMC5573580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The common gonadotrophic hormone α-subunit (GTHα) has been previously isolated by our research group from A. gigas pituitaries; in the present work the cDNA sequences encoding FSHβ and LHβ subunits have also been isolated from the same species of fish. The FSH β-subunit consists of 126 amino acids with a putative 18 amino acid signal peptide and a 108 amino acid mature peptide, while the LH β-subunit consists of 141 amino acids with a putative 24 amino acid amino acid signal peptide and a 117 amino acid mature peptide. The highest identity, based on the amino acid sequences, was found with the order of Anguilliformes (61%) for FSHβ and of Cypriniformes (76%) for LHβ, followed by Siluriformes, 53% for FSHβ and 75% for LHβ. Interestingly, the identity with the corresponding human amino acid sequences was still remarkable: 45.1% for FSHβ and 51.4% for LHβ. Three dimensional models of ag-FSH and ag-LH, generated by using the crystal structures of h-FSH and h-LH as the respective templates and carried out via comparative modeling and molecular dynamics simulations, suggested the presence of the so-called "seat-belt", favored by a disulfide bond formed between the 3rd and 12th cysteine in both β-subunits. The sequences found will be used for the biotechnological synthesis of A. gigas gonadotrophic hormones (ag-FSH and ag-LH). In a first approach, to ascertain that the cloned transcripts allow the expression of the heterodimeric hormones, ag-FSH has been synthesized in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells, preliminarily purified and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Sevilhano
- Biotechnology Department, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Gustavo Trossini
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Riviane Garcez
- Genetic Ichthyology Laboratory, Bioscience Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paolo Bartolini
- Biotechnology Department, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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185
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Jiang K, Xu P, Li W, Yang Q, Li L, Qiao C, Gong H, Zheng H, Zhou Z, Fu H, Li Q, Xing Y, Ren J. The increased expression of follicle-stimulating hormone leads to a decrease of fecundity in transgenic Large White female pigs. Transgenic Res 2017. [PMID: 28631185 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-017-0026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a pituitary gonadotropin regulating reproduction in mammals. Overexpression of the exogenous FSHα/β genes from Chinese Erhualian pigs improved female fecundity of transgenic (TG) mice and male spermatogenesis ability of Large White TG boars. Here, we investigated the impact of the exogenous FSHα/β genes on female reproductive performance of Large White TG pigs. First, we identified the integration site of the exogenous FSHα/β genes at 140,646,456 bp on chromosome 9 in these TG pigs using whole-genome sequencing. Then, we showed that TG gilts had higher levels of serum FSH and FSHβ protein in pituitary while had a potentially lower number of born piglets than their wild-type half sibs. TG gilts grew healthily and normally without significant difference in growth and health parameters as compared to WT gilts. The expression levels of FSHR, LHR, ESR1 and ESR2 were significantly lower in TG gilts than in WT gilts at the age of 300 days. Taken together, we proposed that the overexpressed FSHα/β transgenes could cause deteriorate fecundity via disturbing the normal expression of the endogenous reproduction-related genes in female pigs. Our findings provide insight into the effect of overexpression of FSHα/β on female reproduction performance in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Longyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanmin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanfa Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
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186
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Immunohistochemical mapping and transcript expression of the GPA2/GPB5 receptor in tissues of the adult mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:313-330. [PMID: 28401307 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
GPA2/GPB5 is a glycoprotein hormone found in most bilateral metazoans including the mosquito, Aedes aegypti. To elucidate physiological roles and functions of GPA2/GPB5, we aim to identify prospective target tissues by examining the tissue- and sex-specific expression profile of its receptor, the leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 1 (LGR1) in the adult mosquito. Western analyses using a heterologous system with CHO-K1 cells, transiently expressing A. aegypti LGR1, yielded a 112-kDa monomeric band and high-molecular weight multimers, which associated with membrane-protein fractions. Moreover, immunoblot analyses on protein isolated from HEK 293 T cells stably expressing a fusion construct of A. aegypti LGR1-EGFP (LGR1: 105 kDa+EGFP: 27 kDa) yielded a band with a measured molecular weight of 139 kDa that also associated with membrane-protein fractions and upon deglycosylation, migrated as a lower molecular weight band of 132 kDa. Immunocytochemical analysis of HEK 293 T cells stably expressing this fusion construct confirmed EGFP fluorescence and LGR1-like immunoreactivity colocalized primarily to the plasma membrane. Immunohistochemical mapping in adult mosquitoes revealed LGR1-like immunoreactivity is widespread in the alimentary canal. Importantly, LGR1-like immunoreactivity localizes specifically to basolateral regions of epithelia and, in some regions, appeared as punctate intracellular staining, which together indicates a potential role in feeding and/or hydromineral balance. LGR1 transcript expression was also detected in gut regions that exhibited strong LGR1-like immunoreactivity. Interestingly, LGR1 transcript expression and strong LGR1-like immunoreactivity was also identified in reproductive tissues including the testes and ovaries, which together suggests a potential role linked to spermatogenesis and oogenesis in male and female mosquitoes, respectively.
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187
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Gifre L, Arís A, Bach À, Garcia-Fruitós E. Trends in recombinant protein use in animal production. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:40. [PMID: 28259156 PMCID: PMC5336677 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant technologies have made possible the production of a broad catalogue of proteins of interest, including those used for animal production. The most widely studied proteins for the animal sector are those with an important role in reproduction, feed efficiency, and health. Nowadays, mammalian cells and fungi are the preferred choice for recombinant production of hormones for reproductive purposes and fibrolytic enzymes to enhance animal performance, respectively. However, the development of low-cost products is a priority, particularly in livestock. The study of cell factories such as yeast and bacteria has notably increased in the last decades to make the new developed reproductive hormones and fibrolytic enzymes a real alternative to the marketed ones. Important efforts have also been invested to developing new recombinant strategies for prevention and therapy, including passive immunization and modulation of the immune system. This offers the possibility to reduce the use of antibiotics by controlling physiological processes and improve the efficacy of preventing infections. Thus, nowadays different recombinant fibrolytic enzymes, hormones, and therapeutic molecules with optimized properties have been successfully produced through cost-effective processes using microbial cell factories. However, despite the important achievements for reducing protein production expenses, alternative strategies to further reduce these costs are still required. In this context, it is necessary to make a giant leap towards the use of novel strategies, such as nanotechnology, that combined with recombinant technology would make recombinant molecules affordable for animal industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Gifre
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Anna Arís
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Àlex Bach
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Garcia-Fruitós
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
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188
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Ribela MTCP, Damiani R, Silva FD, Lima ER, Oliveira JE, Peroni CN, Torjesen PA, Soares CR, Bartolini P. N-Glycoprofiling Analysis for Carbohydrate Composition and Site-Occupancy Determination in a Poly-Glycosylated Protein: Human Thyrotropin of Different Origins. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020131. [PMID: 28165356 PMCID: PMC5343769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. These sites are not always occupied and occupancy is frequently neglected in glycoprotein characterization, even though it is related to folding, trafficking, initiation of inflammation and host defense, as well as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). For the first time N-glycoprofiling analysis was applied to the site-occupancy determination of two native pituitary hTSH, in comparison with three recombinant preparations of hTSH, a widely used biopharmaceutical. A single methodology provided the: (i) average N-glycan mass; (ii) mass fraction of each monosaccharide and of sulfate; and (iii) percent carbohydrate. The results indicate that the occupancy (65%–87%) and carbohydrate mass (12%–19%) can be up to 34%–57% higher in recombinant hormones. The average glycan mass is 24% lower in pituitary hTSH and contains ~3-fold fewer moles of galactose (p < 0.005) and sialic acid (p < 0.01). One of the two native preparations, which had the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy and GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents, also presented the lowest in vivo bioactivity and circulatory half-life. The methodology described, comparing a recombinant biopharmaceutical to its native equivalent, can be applied to any physiologically or clinical relevant glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa C P Ribela
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP-Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242-Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renata Damiani
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP-Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242-Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Felipe D Silva
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP-Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242-Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Eliana R Lima
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP-Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242-Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - João E Oliveira
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP-Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242-Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cibele N Peroni
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP-Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242-Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Peter A Torjesen
- Hormone Laboratory, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Carlos R Soares
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP-Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242-Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Paolo Bartolini
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP-Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242-Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
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189
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Nóbrega RH, de Jesus LWO, Honji RM, Borella MI. Characterization of gonadotropic cells during continuous and seasonal spermatogenesis of two freshwater fish species: a histochemical and immunohistochemical study. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:51-63. [PMID: 27492246 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work describes gonadotropic (GtH) cells and their morphological and immunohistochemical changes during the spermatogenic cycle of Serrasalmus maculatus (continuous spermatogenesis) and Pimelodus maculatus (seasonal spermatogenesis). GtH cells, widely distributed in the proximal pars distalis of the adenohypophysis, were characterized as round-shaped cells with eccentric nucleus, and cytoplasm with basophilic secretory granules and a variable number of vacuoles for both species. Immunohistochemistry against β-follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) and β-luteinizing hormone (Lh) in adjacent sections showed two separated GtH-producing cell populations, and a third population where both GtHs are expressed in the same cell for both species. In the seasonal spermatogenesis of P. maculatus, GtH cells seemed to be more abundant during developing and spawning capable phases. In contrast, no cyclic changes were detected in the continuous spermatogenesis of S. maculatus, except for the strong immunoreaction for Fsh and Lh in males with intense spermiogenesis. We conclude that changes reported here might reflect the type of spermatogenic cycle (seasonal or continuous) which are under different regulatory mechanisms (environmental and internal cues) controlling the reproduction in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Henrique Nóbrega
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Lázaro Wender Oliveira de Jesus
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Massaaki Honji
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Borella
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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190
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Riccetti L, De Pascali F, Gilioli L, Potì F, Giva LB, Marino M, Tagliavini S, Trenti T, Fanelli F, Mezzullo M, Pagotto U, Simoni M, Casarini L. Human LH and hCG stimulate differently the early signalling pathways but result in equal testosterone synthesis in mouse Leydig cells in vitro. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2017; 15:2. [PMID: 28056997 PMCID: PMC5217336 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-016-0224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human luteinizing hormone (LH) and chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are glycoprotein hormones regulating development and reproductive functions by acting on the same receptor (LHCGR). We compared the LH and hCG activity in gonadal cells from male mouse in vitro, i.e. primary Leydig cells, which is a common tool used for gonadotropin bioassay. Murine Leydig cells are naturally expressing the murine LH receptor (mLhr), which binds human LH/hCG. METHODS Cultured Leydig cells were treated by increasing doses of recombinant LH and hCG, and cell signaling, gene expression and steroid synthesis were evaluated. RESULTS We found that hCG is about 10-fold more potent than LH in cAMP recruitment, and slightly but significantly more potent on cAMP-dependent Erk1/2 phosphorylation. However, no significant differences occur between LH and hCG treatments, measured as activation of downstream signals, such as Creb phosphorylation, Stard1 gene expression and testosterone synthesis. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that the responses to human LH/hCG are only quantitatively and not qualitatively different in murine cells, at least in terms of cAMP and Erk1/2 activation, and equal in activating downstream steroidogenic events. This is at odds with what we previously described in human primary granulosa cells, where LHCGR mediates a different pattern of signaling cascades, depending on the natural ligand. This finding is relevant for gonadotropin quantification used in the official pharmacopoeia, which are based on murine, in vivo bioassay and rely on the evaluation of long-term, testosterone-dependent effects mediated by rodent receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Riccetti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco De Pascali
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Lisa Gilioli
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Potì
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Parma, via Voltuno 39/E, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Lavinia Beatrice Giva
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Marino
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Simonetta Tagliavini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL. NOCSAE, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL. NOCSAE, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Flaminia Fanelli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital. Alma Mater University of Bologna, via G. Massarenti 9, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Mezzullo
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital. Alma Mater University of Bologna, via G. Massarenti 9, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital. Alma Mater University of Bologna, via G. Massarenti 9, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda USL. NOCSAE, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Şimşek E, Montenegro LR, Binay C, Demiral M, Acıkalin MF, Latronico AC. Clinical and Hormonal Features of a Male Adolescent with Congenital Isolated Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Deficiency. Horm Res Paediatr 2016; 85:207-12. [PMID: 26625121 DOI: 10.1159/000442289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Our aim was to describe the clinical and genetic findings in an adolescent male with isolated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) deficiency and demonstrate the efficacy of recombinant human FSH (rhFSH) replacement in this case. METHODS A 14.5-year-old adolescent male was referred with normal pubertal development and small testes. Serum testosterone, FSH, and luteinising hormone (LH) were measured at baseline and after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation. Testicular biopsy was performed, and rhFSH replacement was administered for 6 months. The patient's FSHβ gene was amplified and sequenced. RESULTS Basal and GnRH-stimulated FSH levels were undetectable, in contrast with increased LH levels under both conditions. Histopathological investigation of a testicular biopsy specimen revealed a reduced number of Sertoli cells, the absence of germ cells, Leydig cell hyperplasia, and a thickened basement membrane in seminiferous tubules. The testicular size changed from 1 ml at baseline to 6 ml after 6 months of rhFSH replacement. Sequencing of the FSHβ gene exon 3 revealed a new missense mutation (c.364T>C, resulting in p.Cys122Arg) in a homozygous state in the patient; both parents and a sister carried the same mutation in a heterozygous state. We also compared our case with all similar cases published previously. CONCLUSION We herein described an adolescent male with isolated FSH deficiency due to a novel FSHβ gene mutation associated with a prepubertal testes size and normal virilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enver Şimşek
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
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192
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Tu X, Muhammad P, Liu J, Ma Y, Wang S, Yin D, Liu Z. Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Plasmonic Immunosandwich Assay for Fast and Ultrasensitive Determination of Trace Glycoproteins in Complex Samples. Anal Chem 2016; 88:12363-12370. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pir Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuangshou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Danyang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
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193
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Wang H, May J, Butnev V, Shuai B, May JV, Bousfield GR, Kumar TR. Evaluation of in vivo bioactivities of recombinant hypo- (FSH 21/18) and fully- (FSH 24) glycosylated human FSH glycoforms in Fshb null mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 437:224-236. [PMID: 27561202 PMCID: PMC5048586 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The hormone - specific FSHβ subunit of the human FSH heterodimer consists of N-linked glycans at Asn7 and Asn24 residues that are co-translationally attached early during subunit biosynthesis. Differences in the number of N-glycans (none, one or two) on the human FSHβ subunit contribute to macroheterogeneity in the FSH heterodimer. The resulting FSH glycoforms are termed hypo-glycosylated (FSH21/18, missing either an Asn24 or Asn7 N-glycan chain on the β - subunit, respectively) or fully glycosylated (FSH24, possessing of both Asn7 and Asn24 N-linked glycans on the β - subunit) FSH. The recombinant versions of human FSH glycoforms (FSH21/18 and FSH24) have been purified and biochemically characterized. In vitro functional studies have indicated that FSH21/18 exhibits faster FSH- receptor binding kinetics and is much more active than FSH24 in every assay tested to date. However, the in vivo bioactivity of the hypo-glycosylated FSH glycoform has never been tested. Here, we evaluated the in vivo bioactivities of FSH glycoforms in Fshb null mice using a pharmacological rescue approach. In Fshb null female mice, both hypo- and fully-glycosylated FSH elicited an ovarian weight gain response by 48 h and induced ovarian genes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Quantification by real time qPCR assays indicated that hypo-glycosylated FSH21/18 was bioactive in vivo and induced FSH-responsive ovarian genes similar to fully-glycosylated FSH24. Western blot analyses followed by densitometry of key signaling components downstream of the FSH-receptor confirmed that the hypo-glycosylated FSH21/18 elicited a response similar to that by fully-glycosylated FSH24 in ovaries of Fshb null mice. When injected into Fshb null males, hypo-glycosylated FSH21/18 was more active than the fully-glycosylated FSH24 in inducing FSH-responsive genes and Sertoli cell proliferation. Thus, our data establish that recombinant hypo-glycosylated human FSH21/18 glycoform elicits bioactivity in vivo similar to the fully-glycosylated FSH. Our studies may have clinical implications particularly in formulating FSH-based ovarian follicle induction protocols using a combination of different human FSH glycoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Wang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jacob May
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Viktor Butnev
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA
| | - Bin Shuai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA
| | - Jeffrey V May
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA
| | - George R Bousfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA
| | - T Rajendra Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Center for Reproductive Sciences, Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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194
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Li H, Zhu H, Qin Q, Lei M, Shi Z. Production of biologically active recombinant goose FSH in a single chain form with a CTP linker sequence. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 44:11-17. [PMID: 27909922 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
FSH is a glycoprotein hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that is essential for gonadal development and reproductive function. In avian reproduction study, especially in avian reproduction hormone study, it is hindered by the lack of biologically active FSH. In order to overcome this shortcoming, we prepared recombinant goose FSH as a single chain molecule and tested its biological activities in the present study. Coding sequences for mature peptides of goose FSH α and β subunits were amplified from goose pituitary cDNA. A chimeric gene containing α and β subunit sequences linked by the hCG carboxyl terminal peptide coding sequence was constructed. The recombinant gene was inserted into the pcDNA3.1-Fc eukaryotic expression vector to form pcDNA-Fc-gFSHβ-CTP-α and then transfected into 293-F cells. A recombinant, single chain goose FSH was expressed and verified by SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis, and was purified using Protein A agarose affinity and gel filtration chromatography. Biological activity analysis results showed that the recombinant, chimeric goose FSH possesses the function of stimulating estradiol secretion and cell proliferation, in cultured chicken granulosa cells. These results indicated that bioactive, recombinant goose FSH has been successfully prepared in vitro. The recombinant goose FSH will have the potential of being used as a research tool for studying avian reproductive activities, and as a standard for developing avian FSH bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Key laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science in Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Huanxi Zhu
- Key laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science in Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Qinming Qin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mingming Lei
- Key laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science in Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Zhendan Shi
- Key laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science in Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Omur A, Kirbas A, Aksu E, Kandemir F, Dorman E, Kaynar O, Ucar O. Effects of antioxidant vitamins (A, D, E) and trace elements (Cu, Mn, Se, Zn) on some metabolic and reproductive profiles in dairy cows during transition period. Pol J Vet Sci 2016; 19:697-706. [DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2016-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of some antioxidant vitamins and trace elements on some metabolic and postpartum reproductive profiles in dairy cows during transition period. In the study, altogether 20 clinically healthy Brown Swiss dairy cows (aged 4-5 years-old) under the same management and feeding conditions in periparturient period were used. The animals were divided into two equal groups: control (C) and treatment (T) group (n=10 for each group). Vitamins (A, D, E) and trace elements (Cu, Mn, Se, Zn) were administered intramuscularly into the cows of the T group, while isotonic saline, as placebo, was injected subcutaneously into those in the C group. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture of the jugular vein at the beginning of transition period, parturition and 3-weeks after the parturition. The metabolic and reproductive parameters were determined. In the C group, statistically significant changes were observed in the levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), total protein (TP) (p<0.05), glucose (GLU), progesterone (P4) (p<0.01), total cholesterol (T.CHOL), triglycerides (TG), UREA, creatinine (CRSC) and total bilirubin (TBIL) (p<0.001). In the T group, significant changes in the levels of NEFA, TBIL (p<0.05), T.CHOL, HDL, LDL (p<0.01), TG, GLU, P4, TAC and TOC (p<0.001) were observed. It was concluded that the administration of various vitamins and trace elements could be effective to improve some metabolic and reproductive profiles in dairy cows during the transition period.
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196
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Bhardwaj A, Nayan V, Sharma P, Kumar S, Pal Y, Singh J. Molecular characterization, modeling, in silico analysis of equine pituitary gonadotropin alpha subunit and docking interaction studies with ganirelix. In Silico Pharmacol 2016; 5:5. [PMID: 28721542 PMCID: PMC5515723 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-017-0025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine pituitary gonadotropins (eLH, eFSH, eCG) are heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones with alpha (α) and beta (β) subunits. It is responsible for maintenance of pregnancy in mares during early gestation and fairly valuable for inducing superovulation in animals other than equines. The alpha subunit is common, while beta subunit is species-specific in all glycoprotein hormones. In the present investigation, molecular cloning and in silico characterization including homology modeling and molecular docking analysis of the equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) alpha subunit was carried out for gaining structural and functional insights into the eCG alpha subunit and its possible interaction with ganirelix, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist. The equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) alpha subunit expressed in pituitary gland was selected, amplified from total RNA, cloned and sequenced. The in silico analyses were made for homology modelling, structural details, epitope identification and chromosomal localization. Molecular docking studies of eCG alpha were undertaken with a drug ganirelix which is used to control ovulation and has antagonistic activity against GnRH. The protein sequence corresponding to selected open reading frame (ORF) was 99-100% similar with domesticated horse, Przewalski's horse, and 92-93% with Burchell's zebra and donkey. Molecular docking studies revealed the possible interaction of eCG alpha with ganirelix. The possible drug-macromolecule interactions were visualized between eCG alpha and ganirelix. The study will provide structural insight into unique sites and an alternate route of gonadotropin suppression applicable to assisted reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Bhardwaj
- Basic and Supporting Discipline Unit (BSDU), ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Varij Nayan
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction (APR) Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Parvati Sharma
- Basic and Supporting Discipline Unit (BSDU), ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Equine Health Unit (EHU), ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Yash Pal
- Equine Production Centre, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334 001 India
| | - Jitender Singh
- Equine Production Centre, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334 001 India
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197
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Lin M, Mita M, Egertová M, Zampronio CG, Jones AM, Elphick MR. Cellular localization of relaxin-like gonad-stimulating peptide expression in Asterias rubens: New insights into neurohormonal control of spawning in starfish. J Comp Neurol 2016; 525:1599-1617. [PMID: 27806429 PMCID: PMC5396301 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gamete maturation and spawning in starfish is triggered by a gonad-stimulating substance (GSS), which is present in extracts of the radial nerve cords. Purification of GSS from the starfish Patiria pectinifera identified GSS as a relaxin-like polypeptide, which is now known as relaxin-like gonad-stimulating peptide (RGP). Cells expressing RGP in the radial nerve cord of P. pectinifera have been visualized, but the presence of RGP-expressing cells in other parts of the starfish body has not been investigated. Here we addressed this issue in the starfish Asterias rubens. An A. rubens RGP (AruRGP) precursor cDNA was sequenced and the A chain and B chain that form AruRGP were detected in A. rubens radial nerve cord extracts using mass spectrometry. Comparison of the bioactivity of AruRGP and P. pectinifera RGP (PpeRGP) revealed that both polypeptides induce oocyte maturation and ovulation in A. rubens ovarian fragments, but AruRGP is more potent than PpeRGP. Analysis of the expression of AruRGP in A. rubens using mRNA in situ hybridization revealed cells expressing RGP in the radial nerve cords, circumoral nerve ring, and tube feet. Furthermore, a band of RGP-expressing cells was identified in the body wall epithelium lining the cavity that surrounds the sensory terminal tentacle and optic cushion at the tips of the arms. Discovery of these RGP-expressing cells closely associated with sensory organs in the arm tips is an important finding because these cells are candidate physiological mediators for hormonal control of starfish spawning in response to environmental cues. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:1599-1617, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lin
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Masatoshi Mita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michaela Egertová
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Cleidiane G Zampronio
- School of Life Sciences and Proteomics Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Alexandra M Jones
- School of Life Sciences and Proteomics Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Maurice R Elphick
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, London, UK
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198
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Cheng Y, Gu J, Xue H, Li Q, Liang M, Wang N, Wang G, Wu Q, Liu S, Yu H, Zhang J, Hao L. Identification of Four SNPs in LHB Gene and Their Associations with Sperm Qualities of Chinese Buffaloes. Anim Biotechnol 2016; 28:168-173. [PMID: 27854152 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2016.1244068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone beta polypeptide (LHB) gene has been considered important for sexual behavior and has associations with sperm quality. In this study, four SNPs (g.276 T>C, g.377A>C, g.401T>C, and g.412A>G) were detected in the LHB gene of 165 water buffaloes by direct sequencing and identification of overlap peaks, each of which was associated with at least one sperm quality trait of ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, post-thaw sperm motilities, and sperm abnormalities by chi-square analysis. Among them, g.276 T>C was associated with ejaculate volume (F = 2.857, p < 0.05), sperm concentration (F = 2.052, p < 0.05), and post-thaw sperm motilities (F = 3.480, p < 0.05); g.377A>C was related to ejaculate volume (F = 4.178, p < 0.05), g.401T>C had a marker effect on sperm abnormalities (F = 3.332, p < 0.05), g.412A>G was associated with sperm concentration (F = 3.579, p < 0.05), and sperm abnormalities (F = 3.408, p < 0.05). Furthermore, four haplotypes (H1: ACG, H2: CCG, H3: CTA, H4: CCA) were generated by linkage disequilibrium analysis, which composed seven genotypes. Among them, the buffaloes with combined genotype H2H2 had the higher ejaculate volume and the individuals with the combined haplotypes H1H4 had higher sperm concentration. In summary, our study showed that there was a significant association between SNPs of LHB gene and Chinese water buffalo sperm quality traits. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report addressing the associations between the SNPs in the LHB gene and the sperm qualities of Chinese buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Cheng
- a College of Animal Science , Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Jiaming Gu
- a College of Animal Science , Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Han Xue
- a College of Animal Science , Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Qiang Li
- a College of Animal Science , Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Mingming Liang
- a College of Animal Science , Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Nan Wang
- a College of Animal Science , Jilin University , Changchun , China.,b China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Gang Wang
- a College of Animal Science , Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Qingyan Wu
- a College of Animal Science , Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Songcai Liu
- a College of Animal Science , Jilin University , Changchun , China.,c Five-Star Animal Health Pharmaceutical Factory of Jilin Province , Changchun , China
| | - Hao Yu
- a College of Animal Science , Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- a College of Animal Science , Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Linlin Hao
- a College of Animal Science , Jilin University , Changchun , China
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199
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Rao CV. Protective Effects of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Against Breast Cancer: How Can We Use This Information to Prevent/Treat the Disease? Reprod Sci 2016; 24:1102-1110. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719116676396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. V. Rao
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Reproduction and Development Program, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Reproduction and Development Program, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproduction and Development Program, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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200
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Semmens DC, Mirabeau O, Moghul I, Pancholi MR, Wurm Y, Elphick MR. Transcriptomic identification of starfish neuropeptide precursors yields new insights into neuropeptide evolution. Open Biol 2016; 6:150224. [PMID: 26865025 PMCID: PMC4772807 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are evolutionarily ancient mediators of neuronal signalling in nervous systems. With recent advances in genomics/transcriptomics, an increasingly wide range of species has become accessible for molecular analysis. The deuterostomian invertebrates are of particular interest in this regard because they occupy an ‘intermediate' position in animal phylogeny, bridging the gap between the well-studied model protostomian invertebrates (e.g. Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans) and the vertebrates. Here we have identified 40 neuropeptide precursors in the starfish Asterias rubens, a deuterostomian invertebrate from the phylum Echinodermata. Importantly, these include kisspeptin-type and melanin-concentrating hormone-type precursors, which are the first to be discovered in a non-chordate species. Starfish tachykinin-type, somatostatin-type, pigment-dispersing factor-type and corticotropin-releasing hormone-type precursors are the first to be discovered in the echinoderm/ambulacrarian clade of the animal kingdom. Other precursors identified include vasopressin/oxytocin-type, gonadotropin-releasing hormone-type, thyrotropin-releasing hormone-type, calcitonin-type, cholecystokinin/gastrin-type, orexin-type, luqin-type, pedal peptide/orcokinin-type, glycoprotein hormone-type, bursicon-type, relaxin-type and insulin-like growth factor-type precursors. This is the most comprehensive identification of neuropeptide precursor proteins in an echinoderm to date, yielding new insights into the evolution of neuropeptide signalling systems. Furthermore, these data provide a basis for experimental analysis of neuropeptide function in the unique context of the decentralized, pentaradial echinoderm bauplan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean C Semmens
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Olivier Mirabeau
- Institut Curie, Genetics and Biology of Cancers Unit, INSERM U830, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Ismail Moghul
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Mahesh R Pancholi
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Yannick Wurm
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Maurice R Elphick
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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