151
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Zhang K, Meng M, Gao L, Tu Y, Bai Y. Rumen-derived lipopolysaccharide induced ruminal epithelium barrier damage in goats fed a high-concentrate diet. Microb Pathog 2019; 131:81-86. [PMID: 30910720 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) released in the rumen on epithelium barrier function of goats fed a HC diet. Twelve Boer goats were randomly divided into two groups: low-concentrate(LC) diet and high-concentrate(HC) diet treatment. We found that the pH of rumen fluid in the HC group was lower than in the LC group (P < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the rumen epithelium were lower in the LC group than the HC group (P < 0.05). Gene expression and protein levels of the tight junction proteins claudin-1, claudin-4, occludin, and Zona occludin-1 were all greater in the LC group than the HC group (P < 0.05). Staining of claudin-1, occludin and ZO-1 was became irregular. In conclusion, high concentrate diet feeding can impair rumen epithelium function and decrease tight junction protein expression through MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Circular Agriculture Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Meijuan Meng
- Circular Agriculture Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Lipeng Gao
- Circular Agriculture Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanlu Tu
- Circular Agriculture Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfeng Bai
- Circular Agriculture Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.
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152
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Wong M, Ganapathy AS, Suchanec E, Laidler L, Ma T, Nighot P. Intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier regulation by autophagy-related protein ATG6/beclin 1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 316:C753-C765. [PMID: 30892937 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00246.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A defective tight junction (TJ) barrier is a key pathogenic factor for inflammatory bowel disease. Previously, we have shown that autophagy, a cell survival mechanism, enhances intestinal epithelial TJ barrier function. Autophagy-related protein-6 (ATG6/beclin 1), a key protein in the autophagy pathway, also plays a role in the endocytic pathway. The constitutive role of beclin 1 in the intestinal TJ barrier is not known. In Caco-2 cells, beclin 1 was found to be coimmunoprecipitated with the TJ protein occludin and colocalized with occludin on the membrane. Treatment of Caco-2 cells with beclin 1 peptide [transactivating regulatory protein (Tat)-beclin 1] reduced TJ barrier function. Activation of beclin 1 increased occludin endocytosis and reduced total occludin protein level. In contrast, beclin 1 siRNA transfection enhanced Caco-2 TJ barrier function. In pharmacologic and genetic autophagy inhibition studies, the constitutive function of beclin 1 in the TJ barrier was found to be autophagy independent. However, de novo induction of autophagy with starvation or rapamycin prevented Tat-beclin 1-induced increase in TJ permeability and reduction in occludin level. Induction of autophagy also resulted in reduced beclin 1-occludin association. In mouse colon, beclin 1 colocalized with occludin on the epithelial membrane. Perfusion of mouse colon with beclin 1 peptide caused an increase in colonic TJ permeability that was prevented by in vivo induction of autophagy. These findings show that beclin 1 plays a constitutive, autophagy-independent role in the regulation of intestinal TJ barrier function via endocytosis of occludin. Autophagy terminates constitutive beclin 1 function in the TJ barrier and enhances the TJ barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Wong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | - Eric Suchanec
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University , Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura Laidler
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Thomas Ma
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University , Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Prashant Nighot
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University , Hershey, Pennsylvania
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153
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Tan L, Rong D, Yang Y, Zhang B. The Effect of Oxidized Fish Oils on Growth Performance, Oxidative Status, and Intestinal Barrier Function in Broiler Chickens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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154
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Nighot M, Rawat M, Al-Sadi R, Castillo EF, Nighot P, Ma TY. Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Increase in Intestinal Permeability Is Mediated by TAK-1 Activation of IKK and MLCK/MYLK Gene. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:797-812. [PMID: 30711488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are a major component of Gram-negative bacterial cell wall and play an important role in promoting intestinal inflammatory responses. Recent studies have shown that physiologically relevant concentrations of LPS (0 to 2000 pg/mL) cause an increase in intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) permeability without causing cell death. However, the intracellular pathways and the mechanisms that mediate LPS-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability remain unclear. The aim was to delineate the intracellular pathways that mediate the LPS-induced increase in intestinal permeability using in vitro and in vivo intestinal epithelial models. LPS-induced increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability was preceded by an activation of transforming growth factor-β-activating kinase-1 (TAK-1) and canonical NF-κB (p50/p65) pathways. The siRNA silencing of TAK-1 inhibited the activation of NF-κB p50/p65. The siRNA silencing of TAK-1 and p65/p50 subunit inhibited the LPS-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability and the increase in myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) expression, confirming the regulatory role of TAK-1 and NF-κB p65/p50 in up-regulating MLCK expression and the subsequent increase in TJ permeability. The data also showed that toll-like receptor (TLR)-4/myeloid differentiation primary response (MyD)88 pathway was crucial upstream regulator of TAK-1 and NF-κB p50/p65 activation. In conclusion, activation of TAK-1 by the TLR-4/MyD88 signal transduction pathway and MLCK by NF-κB p65/p50 regulates the LPS-induced increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghali Nighot
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, School of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Manmeet Rawat
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Rana Al-Sadi
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, School of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Eliseo F Castillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Prashant Nighot
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, School of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas Y Ma
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, School of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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155
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Bhat AA, Uppada S, Achkar IW, Hashem S, Yadav SK, Shanmugakonar M, Al-Naemi HA, Haris M, Uddin S. Tight Junction Proteins and Signaling Pathways in Cancer and Inflammation: A Functional Crosstalk. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1942. [PMID: 30728783 PMCID: PMC6351700 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of epithelial cells to organize through cell–cell adhesion into a functioning epithelium serves the purpose of a tight epithelial protective barrier. Contacts between adjacent cells are made up of tight junctions (TJ), adherens junctions (AJ), and desmosomes with unique cellular functions and a complex molecular composition. These proteins mediate firm mechanical stability, serves as a gatekeeper for the paracellular pathway, and helps in preserving tissue homeostasis. TJ proteins are involved in maintaining cell polarity, in establishing organ-specific apical domains and also in recruiting signaling proteins involved in the regulation of various important cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, and migration. As a vital component of the epithelial barrier, TJs are under a constant threat from proinflammatory mediators, pathogenic viruses and bacteria, aiding inflammation and the development of disease. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients reveal loss of TJ barrier function, increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and immune dysregulation; yet, the relationship between these events is partly understood. Although TJ barrier defects are inadequate to cause experimental IBD, mucosal immune activation is changed in response to augmented epithelial permeability. Thus, the current studies suggest that altered barrier function may predispose or increase disease progression and therapies targeted to specifically restore the barrier function may provide a substitute or supplement to immunologic-based therapies. This review provides a brief introduction about the TJs, AJs, structure and function of TJ proteins. The link between TJ proteins and key signaling pathways in cell proliferation, transformation, and metastasis is discussed thoroughly. We also discuss the compromised intestinal TJ integrity under inflammatory conditions, and the signaling mechanisms involved that bridge inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A Bhat
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Srijayaprakash Uppada
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Iman W Achkar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Santosh K Yadav
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hamda A Al-Naemi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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156
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The In Vitro Protective Role of Bovine Lactoferrin on Intestinal Epithelial Barrier. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24010148. [PMID: 30609730 PMCID: PMC6337092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial barrier plays a key protective role in the gut lumen. Bovine lactoferrin (bLF) has been reported to improve the intestinal epithelial barrier function, but its impact on tight junction (TJ) proteins has been rarely described. Human intestinal epithelial crypt cells (HIECs) were more similar to those in the human small intestine, compared with the well-established Caco-2 cells. Accordingly, both HIECs and Caco-2 cells were investigated in this study to determine the effects of bioactive protein bLF on their growth promotion and intestinal barrier function. The results showed that bLF promoted cell growth and arrested cell-cycle progression at the G2/M-phase. Moreover, bLF decreased paracellular permeability and increased alkaline phosphatase activity and transepithelial electrical resistance, strengthening barrier function. Immunofluorescence, western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that bLF significantly increased the expression of three tight junction proteins-claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1-at both the mRNA and protein levels, and consequently strengthened the barrier function of the two cell models. bLF in general showed higher activity in Caco-2 cells, however, HIECs also exhibited desired responses to barrier function. Therefore, bLF may be incorporated into functional foods for treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases which are caused by loss of barrier integrity.
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157
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Oliveira R, Canuto L, Collares-Buzato C. Intestinal luminal content from high-fat-fed prediabetic mice changes epithelial barrier function in vitro. Life Sci 2019; 216:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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158
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Zhang YG, Lu R, Xia Y, Zhou D, Petrof E, Claud EC, Sun J. Lack of Vitamin D Receptor Leads to Hyperfunction of Claudin-2 in Intestinal Inflammatory Responses. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:97-110. [PMID: 30289450 PMCID: PMC6290786 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D3 and vitamin D receptor (VDR) are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and bacterial infection. Claudin-2 is a junction protein that mediates paracellular water transport in epithelia. Elevation of Claudin-2 is associated with active IBD. However, VDR involved in epithelial junctions under inflammation and infection remains largely unknown. We investigated the mechanisms on how VDR and Claudin-2 are related in inflamed states. METHODS Using cultured VDR-/- enteroids, human intestinal epithelial cells, VDR-/- mice with Salmonella- or DSS-colitis, and human IBD samples, we investigated the mechanisms how VDR and Claudin-2 are related in inflamed states. RESULTS After Salmonella infection had taken place, we observed significantly enhanced Claudin-2 and an increased bacterial invasion and translocation. A lack of VDR regulation led to a robust increase of Claudin-2 at the mRNA and protein levels post-infection. In DSS-treated VDR-/- mice, Claudin-2 was significantly increased. Location and quantification of Claudin-2 protein in the mouse colons treated with DSS also confirmed these results. Inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in the serum and mRNA levels in intestine, which are known to increase Claudin-2. Furthermore, in inflamed intestine of ulcerative colitis patients, VDR expression was low and Claudin-2 was enhanced. Mechanistically, we identified the enhanced Claudin-2 promoter activity through the binding sites of NF-κB and STAT in inflamed VDR-/- cells. CONCLUSIONS Our studies have identified a new role for intestinal epithelial VDR in regulating barrier functions in the context of infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-guo Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elaine Petrof
- Department of Medicine, GI Diseases Research Unit and Division of Infectious Diseases, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erika C Claud
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Address correspondence to: Jun Sun, PhD, AGA Fellow, Professor Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago 840 S. Wood Street, Room 704 CSB, MC716 Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. E-mail:
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159
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Hatano H, Goda T, Matsumoto A, Miyahara Y. Induced Proton Perturbation for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Tight Junction Breakdown. Anal Chem 2018; 91:3525-3532. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Hatano
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Goda
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), 705-1 Shimoimaizumi, Ebina, Kanagawa 243-0435, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyahara
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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160
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Increase in resistance to anticancer drugs involves occludin in spheroid culture model of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15157. [PMID: 30310131 PMCID: PMC6181945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33566-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a serious issue in the therapy of many cancers, but the molecular mechanism is little understood. The mRNA level of occludin (OCLN), a tight junctional protein, was increased in the cisplatin (CDDP), doxorubicin (DXR), 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin, or gemcitabine-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Here, we investigated the regulatory mechanism and pathophysiological role of OCLN. OCLN was mainly localized at tight junctions in A549 and CDDP-resistant A549 (A549/CDDP) cells. The level of p-Akt in A549/CDDP cells was higher than that in A549 cells, and the mRNA and protein levels of OCLN were suppressed by a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway inhibitor, LY-294002, suggesting that a PI3K/Akt pathway is involved in the elevation of OCLN expression. The overexpression of OCLN in A549 cells decreased paracellular permeability to DXR. Cytotoxicity to CDDP was unaffected by OCLN-overexpression in 2D culture model. In 3D culture model, the spheroid size, hypoxic level, and cell viability were significantly elevated by CDDP resistance, but not by OCLN-overexpression. The accumulation inside the spheroids and toxicity of DXR were correlated with OCLN expression. Our data suggest that OCLN is not directly involved in the chemoresistance, but it enhances chemoresistance mediated by suppression of accumulation of anticancer drugs inside the spheroids.
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161
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Grothaus JS, Ares G, Yuan C, Wood DR, Hunter CJ. Rho kinase inhibition maintains intestinal and vascular barrier function by upregulation of occludin in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G514-G528. [PMID: 29927318 PMCID: PMC6230694 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00357.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a deadly disease that occurs in 5-10% of neonates. Although NEC has been extensively studied, no single therapeutic target has been identified. Rho kinase (ROCK) is a serine/threonine kinase that affects multiple cellular processes, including tight junction (TJ) function, cellular permeability, and apoptosis. We hypothesized that ROCK inhibition would decrease cellular permeability, stabilize TJ proteins (occludin), and decrease the severity of NEC. To test this hypothesis, human colon epithelial cells (Caco-2) and human endothelial cells were studied. Cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide to simulate an in vitro model of NEC. The effect of ROCK inhibition was measured by transepithelial membrane resistance (TEER) and cellular permeability to FITC-dextran. The effects of ROCK inhibition in vivo were analyzed in the rat pup model of NEC. NEC was induced by feeding formula supplemented with Cronobacter sakazakii with or without gavaged ROCK inhibitor. Rat intestines were scored based on histological degree of injury. RNA and protein assays for occludin protein were performed for all models of NEC. Treatment with ROCK inhibitor significantly decreased cellular permeability in Caco-2 cells and increased TEER. Intestinal injury scoring revealed decreased scores in ROCK inhibitor-treated pups compared with NEC only. Both cell and rat pup models demonstrated an upregulation of occludin expression in the ROCK inhibitor-treated groups. Therefore, we conclude that ROCK inhibition protects against experimental NEC by strengthening barrier function via upregulation of occludin. These data suggest that ROCK may be a potential therapeutic target for patients with NEC. NEW & NOTEWORTHY These studies are the first to demonstrate an upregulation of occludin tight junction protein in response to Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibition. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that ROCK inhibition in experimental models of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is protective against NEC in both in vitro and in vivo models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna S. Grothaus
- 1Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,2Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Guillermo Ares
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Carrie Yuan
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Douglas R. Wood
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Catherine J. Hunter
- 1Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,2Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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162
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Wu YY, Li TM, Zang LQ, Liu B, Wang GX. Effects of berberine on tumor growth and intestinal permeability in HCT116 tumor-bearing mice using polyamines as targets. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1447-1453. [PMID: 30257361 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is seriously affected by high intestinal mucosal permeability accompanied by increasing tumor load. Berberine, a natural plant-derived product, can protect the intestinal mucosal barrier and suppress tumor growth, but its effects on the intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction of CRC have not yet been evaluated. Herein, we assessed the effects of berberine on the intestinal mucosal permeability of HCT116 tumor-bearing mice and the underlying mechanism. Berberine (6.25, 12.5, 25 mg/kg) was administered to tumor-bearing mice for 3 weeks by intraperitoneal injection, and saline was given to controls and models. Compared with the control group, tumor-bearing mice had increased intestinal mucosal permeability in the third week. Meanwhile, the body weight decreased by 4%-7%, the concentration of D-lactic acid in plasma increased, and the expressions of ZO1 and Occludin were down-regulated. The intestinal mucosa was impaired. Compared with the model group, berberine inhibited tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner (6.25, 12.5, 25 mg/kg), reduced the permeability of intestinal mucosa, and alleviated intestinal mucosal damage. HPLC showed that berberine decreased the content of polyamines in tumor tissue, whereas increased that in intestinal mucosa tissue. Western blot showed that berberine inhibited the expressions of ODC, C-MYC and HIF-1α, but up-regulated those of OAZ1 and SSAT. In short, berberine may exert antitumor effects by suppressing tumor growth and elevating the intestinal mucosal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China; The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Tong-Ming Li
- School of Chinese Herbology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Quan Zang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Xiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
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163
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Genser L, Aguanno D, Soula HA, Dong L, Trystram L, Assmann K, Salem JE, Vaillant JC, Oppert JM, Laugerette F, Michalski MC, Wind P, Rousset M, Brot-Laroche E, Leturque A, Clément K, Thenet S, Poitou C. Increased jejunal permeability in human obesity is revealed by a lipid challenge and is linked to inflammation and type 2 diabetes. J Pathol 2018; 246:217-230. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Genser
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutriomics Team; Paris France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery; Paris France
| | - Doriane Aguanno
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, PSL University, Sorbonne Cités, UPD Univ Paris 05; INSERM, CNRS; Paris France
| | - Hédi A Soula
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, PSL University, Sorbonne Cités, UPD Univ Paris 05; INSERM, CNRS; Paris France
| | - Liping Dong
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, PSL University, Sorbonne Cités, UPD Univ Paris 05; INSERM, CNRS; Paris France
| | - Laurence Trystram
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Functional Coprology; Paris France
| | - Karen Assmann
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutriomics Team; Paris France
| | - Joe-Elie Salem
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Pharmacology and CIC-1421; Paris France
| | - Jean-Christophe Vaillant
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery; Paris France
| | - Jean-Michel Oppert
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department; CRNH Ile de France; Paris France
| | - Fabienne Laugerette
- Lyon University, CarMeN laboratory, INRA U1397, Univ Lyon-1, INSERM U1060; INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne France
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- Lyon University, CarMeN laboratory, INRA U1397, Univ Lyon-1, INSERM U1060; INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne France
| | - Philippe Wind
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Avicenne Hospital, Department of Digestive and Metabolic Surgery; Université Paris XIII-UFR SMBH ‘Léonard de Vinci’; Bobigny France
| | - Monique Rousset
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, PSL University, Sorbonne Cités, UPD Univ Paris 05; INSERM, CNRS; Paris France
| | - Edith Brot-Laroche
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, PSL University, Sorbonne Cités, UPD Univ Paris 05; INSERM, CNRS; Paris France
| | - Armelle Leturque
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, PSL University, Sorbonne Cités, UPD Univ Paris 05; INSERM, CNRS; Paris France
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutriomics Team; Paris France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department; CRNH Ile de France; Paris France
| | - Sophie Thenet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, PSL University, Sorbonne Cités, UPD Univ Paris 05; INSERM, CNRS; Paris France
| | - Christine Poitou
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutriomics Team; Paris France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department; CRNH Ile de France; Paris France
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Zhang K, Meng M, Gao L, Tu Y, Bai Y. Sodium Butyrate Improves High-Concentrate-Diet-Induced Impairment of Ruminal Epithelium Barrier Function in Goats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8729-8736. [PMID: 30008219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of sodium butyrate feeding on the disruption of ruminal epithelium barrier function in goats fed a high-concentrate diet. A total of 18 male Boer goats (live weight of 31.75 ± 1.35 kg, aged 1 year) were randomly assigned to three groups, which were fed a low-concentrate diet (LC), a high-concentrate diet (HC), or a high-concentrate diet with 1% sodium butyrate by weight (SH) for 9 weeks. We found that the pH of rumen fluid in the SH and LC groups was higher than that in the HC group. The activity of protein kinase C (PKC) kinase in the rumen epithelium was higher in the HC group than that in the LC and SH groups. The mRNA expression and phosphorylated protein levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the rumen epithelium were lower in the SH and LC groups than those in the HC group. The DNA methylation rate of occludin was higher in the HC group than that in the SH and LC groups. The mRNA and protein expression of claudin-1, claudin-4, occludin, and zona occludin-1 was greater in the SH and LC groups than that in the HC group. In addition, sodium butyrate mitigated damage to the rumen epithelium caused by the HC diet. Together, our results suggest that the supply of sodium butyrate reverses the damage of rumen epithelium tight junction by inhibiting PKC and MAPK signaling pathways and is protective to the rumen epithelium during subacute rumen acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Circular Agriculture Research Center , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integrated Farming , Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Meng
- Circular Agriculture Research Center , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lipeng Gao
- Circular Agriculture Research Center , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanlu Tu
- Circular Agriculture Research Center , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Bai
- Circular Agriculture Research Center , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210014 , People's Republic of China
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165
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Liu R, Tang A, Wang X, Chen X, Zhao L, Xiao Z, Shen S. Inhibition of lncRNA NEAT1 suppresses the inflammatory response in IBD by modulating the intestinal epithelial barrier and by exosome-mediated polarization of macrophages. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2903-2913. [PMID: 30132508 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease, and increasing evidence has demonstrated that the mechanism of the pathogenesis of IBD is associated with intestinal epithelial barrier injury. Long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of transcripts >200 nucleotides in length with limited protein‑coding capability. Nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) is a recently identified nuclear‑restricted lncRNA, which localizes in subnuclear structures, termed paraspeckles, and is involved in the immune response in a variety of ways. However, the function of NEAT1 in IBD remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to determine the expression levels of NEAT1 lncRNA in IBD serum samples and tissues. Furthermore, the effect of NEAT1 on the cell permeability of colon cells was investigated via determination of trans‑epithelial electrical resistance as well as performance of western blot and immunofluorescence assays. In addition, dextran sodium sulfate assays were performed to investigate the effect of downregulation of NEAT1 in IBD of mice. The present study detected the expression levels of NEAT1 in IBD cells and animal models to examine the changes in intestinal epithelial cell permeability following inhibition of the expression of NEAT1. In addition, phenotypic transformation was examined following different treatments in epithelial cells and macrophages. The results suggested that the expression of NEAT1 was high in IBD and was involved in the inflammatory response by regulating the intestinal epithelial barrier and through exosome‑mediated polarization of macrophages. The downregulation of NEAT1 suppressed the inflammatory response by modulating the intestinal epithelial barrier and through exosome‑mediated polarization of macrophages in IBD. The results of the present study revealed a potential strategy of targeting NEAT1 for IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Anliu Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Lian Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Shourong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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166
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Castan L, Villemin C, Claude M, Aubert P, Durand T, Neunlist M, Brossard C, Magnan A, Bodinier M, Bouchaud G. Acid-Hydrolyzed Gliadins Worsen Food Allergies through Early Sensitization. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800159. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Castan
- INRA, UR1268 BIA, rue de la géraudière; BP 71627 F-44316 Nantes France
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax; F-44000 Nantes France
- CNRS, UMR6291; F-44000 Nantes France
- Université de Nantes; F-44000 Nantes France
| | - Clélia Villemin
- INRA, UR1268 BIA, rue de la géraudière; BP 71627 F-44316 Nantes France
| | - Mathilde Claude
- INRA, UR1268 BIA, rue de la géraudière; BP 71627 F-44316 Nantes France
| | - Philippe Aubert
- Université de Nantes; F-44000 Nantes France
- INSERM UMR1235, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif (IMAD), Faculté de Médecine; F-44000 Nantes France
| | - Tony Durand
- Université de Nantes; F-44000 Nantes France
- INSERM UMR1235, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif (IMAD), Faculté de Médecine; F-44000 Nantes France
| | - Michel Neunlist
- Université de Nantes; F-44000 Nantes France
- INSERM UMR1235, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif (IMAD), Faculté de Médecine; F-44000 Nantes France
| | - Chantal Brossard
- INRA, UR1268 BIA, rue de la géraudière; BP 71627 F-44316 Nantes France
| | - Antoine Magnan
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax; F-44000 Nantes France
- CNRS, UMR6291; F-44000 Nantes France
- Université de Nantes; F-44000 Nantes France
| | - Marie Bodinier
- INRA, UR1268 BIA, rue de la géraudière; BP 71627 F-44316 Nantes France
| | - Grégory Bouchaud
- INRA, UR1268 BIA, rue de la géraudière; BP 71627 F-44316 Nantes France
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167
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Gadde U, Oh ST, Lee YS, Davis E, Zimmerman N, Rehberger T, Lillehoj HS. The Effects of Direct-fed Microbial Supplementation, as an Alternative to Antibiotics, on Growth Performance, Intestinal Immune Status, and Epithelial Barrier Gene Expression in Broiler Chickens. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 9:397-405. [PMID: 28421423 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis-based probiotic supplementation in broiler chicken diets on growth performance, feed efficiency, intestinal cytokine, and tight junction (TJ) protein mRNA expression. Zero-day-old broiler chicks (n = 140) were randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments: basal diet (CON); basal diet supplemented with either antibiotic bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD); or probiotics, namely, B. subtilis strain 1781 (PB1), a combination of B. subtilis strain 1104 + strain 747 (PB2), or B. subtilis strain 1781 + strain 747 (PB3). Body weight and feed intake were measured at 14 days of age, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. At 14 days of age, ileal samples were collected and used for intestinal cytokine, TJ protein, and mucin gene expression analysis using qRT-PCR. The chickens supplemented with antibiotic (BMD) and B. subtilis strain 1781 alone (PB1) had significantly higher body weights compared to controls of the same age. Dietary supplementation with antibiotic (BMD) or probiotics (PB1, PB2, PB3) significantly improved the feed efficiency as evidenced by decreased FCR compared to controls. No differences were observed in the expression of IL1β, IL17F, IFNγ, and MUC2 gene among the different treatment groups. However, elevated expression of IL6 (BMD, PB1, PB2), IL8 (PB2), and TNFSF15 (PB1, PB2, PB3) compared to controls was observed in the ileum. IL2 and IL10 expression was upregulated in chicks in the PB2 and PB3 groups, and IL4 was elevated in the PB1 group. IL13 was elevated in all probiotic-fed groups (PB1, PB2, PB3). Probiotic supplementation was also shown to significantly increase the expression of TJ proteins JAM2, ZO1 (PB2, PB3), and occludin (PB1, PB2). Taken together, B. subtilis supplementation altered intestinal immune activity and influenced gut barrier integrity through increased tight junction gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Gadde
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg. 1043, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - S T Oh
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg. 1043, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Y S Lee
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg. 1043, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - E Davis
- Agro Biosciences Inc., 10437 Innovation Drive, Wauwatosa, WI, 53226, USA
| | - N Zimmerman
- Agro Biosciences Inc., 10437 Innovation Drive, Wauwatosa, WI, 53226, USA
| | - T Rehberger
- Agro Biosciences Inc., 10437 Innovation Drive, Wauwatosa, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg. 1043, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
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168
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Xiao L, Cui T, Liu S, Chen B, Wang Y, Yang T, Li T, Chen J. Vitamin A supplementation improves the intestinal mucosal barrier and facilitates the expression of tight junction proteins in rats with diarrhea. Nutrition 2018; 57:97-108. [PMID: 30153586 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to investigate the specific effects of vitamin A (VA) on diarrhea in rats and its potential targets to protect the intestinal mucosa. METHODS Specific pathogen-free Sprague Dawley rats were fed a VA deficient (VAD) or VA normal (VAN) diet for 4 wk. Then, half of the VAN rats were treated with a VAN diet and the other half with a lactose VAN diet. VAD rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups and fed a VAD diet, lactose VAD diet, VAN diet with VA supplementation (VAS) via daily intragastric administration, or a lactose VAN diet with daily VAS. Rat weight and degree of diarrhea were evaluated daily. After 15 d, the serum retinol level was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and zonulin concentrations were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The small intestine mucosal pathology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Western blotting was performed to detect the protein expression levels of occludin and claudin-1 in the intestinal mucosa, and the zonula-occludens 1 expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS VAD limited weight gain in rats and increased the degree of diarrhea. The serum retinol levels and the level of tight junction (TJ) proteins claudin-1 and occludin and grip strength were affected by the interaction between lactose-induced diarrhea and the VA diet. Diarrhea, independent of VAD, significantly decreased rat weight, increased serum DAO levels, damaged small intestine villi, and impaired zonula-occludens 1 protein expression. VAD significantly increased the concentration of zonulin independently of diarrhea, but VAS increased the serum retinol level, reduced the severity of diarrhea, increased the expression levels of the TJ proteins, facilitated the restoration of the small intestine villi that were damaged by the diarrhea, and decreased the concentrations of serum DAO and zonulin. CONCLUSIONS VAD may aggravate the degree of diarrhea and intestinal mucosal damage during the duration of diarrhea, and VAS helps relieve diarrhea and improves intestinal damage likely by regulating the expression of TJ proteins. Therefore, VA plays a pivotal role in the protection of the intestinal mucosa during instances of diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xiao
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Ting Cui
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Baolin Chen
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China; Department of Digestive, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China.
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Wu W, Wang S, Liu Q, Shan T, Wang Y. Metformin Protects against LPS-Induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction by Activating AMPK Pathway. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:3272-3284. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiche Wu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Sisi Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
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Bilal S, Jaggi S, Janosevic D, Shah N, Teymour S, Voronina A, Watari J, Axis J, Amsler K. ZO-1 protein is required for hydrogen peroxide to increase MDCK cell paracellular permeability in an ERK 1/2-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C422-C431. [PMID: 29874107 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00185.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increases paracellular permeability of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, but the mechanism mediating this effect remains unclear. Treatment of MDCK cells with H2O2 activated ERK 1/2. Inhibition of ERK 1/2 activation blocked the ability of H2O2 to increase paracellular permeability. Knockdown of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein but not occludin eliminated the ability of H2O2 to increase paracellular permeability. H2O2 treatment did not, however, affect the total cell content or contents of the Triton X-100-soluble and -insoluble fractions for occludin, ZO-1, or ZO-2. H2O2 treatment decreased the number of F-actin stress fibers in the basal portion of the cells. Similar to wild-type MDCK cells, H2O2 increased ERK 1/2 activation in ZO-1 knockdown and occludin knockdown cells. Inhibition of ERK 1/2 activation blocked the increase in paracellular permeability in occludin knockdown cells. ZO-1 knockdown cell paracellular permeability was regulated by PP1, an src inhibitor, indicating that the loss of response to H2O2 was not a general loss of the ability to regulate the paracellular barrier. Inhibition of myosin ATPase activity with blebbistatin increased paracellular permeability in ZO-1 knockdown cells but not in wild-type MDCK cells. H2O2 treatment sensitized wild-type MDCK cells to inhibition of myosin ATPase. Knockdown of TOCA-1 protein, which promotes formation of local branched actin networks, reproduced the effects of ZO-1 protein knockdown. These results demonstrate that H2O2 increases MDCK cell paracellular permeability through activation of ERK 1/2. This H2O2 action requires ZO-1 protein and TOCA-1 protein, suggesting involvement of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Bilal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Shirin Jaggi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Danielle Janosevic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Nikita Shah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Shereen Teymour
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Angelina Voronina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Jessica Watari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Josephine Axis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Kurt Amsler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York
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Roncal C, Martinez de Lizarrondo S, Salicio A, Chevilley A, Rodriguez JA, Rosell A, Couraud PO, Weksler B, Montaner J, Vivien D, Páramo JA, Orbe J. New thrombolytic strategy providing neuroprotection in experimental ischemic stroke: MMP10 alone or in combination with tissue-type plasminogen activator. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1219-1229. [PMID: 28379489 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Early reperfusion with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is an effective therapeutic strategy to treat acute ischemic stroke, but only 1/3 of tPA-treated patients recover and are free from disability. tPA has also shown neurotoxicity in experimental models of cerebral ischemia. Considering that MMP-10 improves stroke injury, we have examined the therapeutic and protective effect of MMP10 and tPA/MMP10 as clot-dissolving and neuroprotective agent in an experimental model of ischemic stroke and studied in vitro the molecular pathways involved in MMP10-mediated effects. Methods and results Cerebral ischemia was induced by the local injection of thrombin into the middle cerebral artery followed by reperfusion with MMP10 (6.5 µg/kg) and tPA (10 mg/kg) alone or in combination with MMP10. Cell cultures were also performed to determine the effect of MMP10 and tPA/MMP10 on brain endothelial cells and neurons. tPA/MMP10 significantly reduced the infarct size in the ischemic stroke model compared with tPA alone (P < 0.05). In vitro, MMP10 reduced the tPA-promoted endothelial ionic permeability, preserved the expression of claudin-5 and decreased ERK1/2 activation. Moreover, combination of tPA/MMP10 prevented tPA-mediated neuronal excitotoxicity and calcium influx. These effects were reversed by blocking MMP10 activity with a monoclonal antibody. Conclusion These results show that MMP10, either alone or in combination with tPA, might represent a new strategy for thrombolysis in ischemic stroke, providing higher protection against cerebrovascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Roncal
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA-University of Navarra, IdiSNA, CIMA Building, Av. Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,CIBERCV, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, ISCIII, Spain
| | | | - Agustina Salicio
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA-University of Navarra, IdiSNA, CIMA Building, Av. Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Arnaud Chevilley
- INSERM, UMR-S 919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit (SP2U), Caen, France
| | - Jose A Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA-University of Navarra, IdiSNA, CIMA Building, Av. Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,CIBERCV, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, ISCIII, Spain
| | - Anna Rosell
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pierre-Olivier Couraud
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Babette Weksler
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Denis Vivien
- INSERM, UMR-S 919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit (SP2U), Caen, France
| | - Jose A Páramo
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA-University of Navarra, IdiSNA, CIMA Building, Av. Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,CIBERCV, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, ISCIII, Spain
| | - Josune Orbe
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA-University of Navarra, IdiSNA, CIMA Building, Av. Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,CIBERCV, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, ISCIII, Spain
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172
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Fang S, Zhuo Z, Yu X, Wang H, Feng J. Oral administration of liquid iron preparation containing excess iron induces intestine and liver injury, impairs intestinal barrier function and alters the gut microbiota in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 47:12-20. [PMID: 29544798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the toxicological effects of excess iron in a liquid iron preparation (especially on intestinal barrier function) and the possible etiology of side effects or diseases caused by the excess iron. In study 1, forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (4-5 wk old) were subjected to oral gavage with 1 ml vehicle (0.01 mol/L HCl) or 1 ml liquid iron preparation containing 8 mg, 16 mg or 24 mg of iron for 30 d. Iron status, oxidative stress, histology (H&E staining), ultrastructure (electron microscopy) and apoptosis (TUNEL assay) in the intestines and liver were assessed. The cecal microbiota was evaluated by 16S rRNA sequencing. In study 2, twenty rats with the same profile as above were subjected to oral gavage with 1 ml vehicle or 24 mg Fe for 30 d. The intestinal barrier function was determined by in vivo studies and an Ussing chamber assay; tight junction proteins and serum pro-inflammatory cytokines were observed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In study 1, the intestinal mucosa and liver showed apparent oxidative stress. In addition, iron concentration-dependent ultrastructural alterations to duodenal enterocytes and hepatocytes and histological damage to the colonic mucosa were detected. Notably, apoptosis was increased in duodenal enterocytes and hepatocytes. Impaired intestinal barrier function and lower expression of intestinal tight junction proteins were observed, and the phenotype was more severe in the colon than in the duodenum. A trend toward higher expression of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines might indicate systemic inflammation. Furthermore, the caecal microbiota showed a significant change, with increased Defluviitaleaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Coprococcus and reduced Lachnospiraceae and Allobaculum, which could mediate the detrimental effects of excess iron on gut health. We concluded that excessive iron exposure from liquid iron preparation induces oxidative stress and histopathological alterations in the intestine and liver. Impaired intestinal barrier function could increase iron transportation, and inflammation along with oxidative stress-enhanced liver iron deposition may cause further liver injury in a vicious circle. These effects were accompanied by lower intestinal segment damage and altered gut microbial composition of rats toward a profile with an increased risk of gut disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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173
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Marlicz W, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Dabos KJ, Łoniewski I, Koulaouzidis A. Emerging concepts in non-invasive monitoring of Crohn's disease. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2018; 11:1756284818769076. [PMID: 29707039 PMCID: PMC5912292 DOI: 10.1177/1756284818769076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term for Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). In light of evolving epidemiology of CD, its clinical management is still complex and remains a challenge for contemporary physicians. With the advent of new diagnostic and treatment paradigms, there is a growing need for new biomarkers to guide decision-making, differential diagnosis, disease activity monitoring, as well as prognosis. However, both clinical and endoscopic scoring systems, widely utilized for disease monitoring and prognosis, have drawbacks and limitations. In recent years, biochemical peptides have become available for IBD monitoring and more frequently used as surrogate markers of gut inflammation. Emerging concepts that revolve around molecular, stem cell, epigenetic, microbial or metabolomic pathways associated with vascular and epithelial gut barrier could lead to development of new CD biomarkers. Measurement of cell-derived microvesicles (MVs) in the blood of IBD patients is another emerging concept helpful in future disease management. In this review, we discuss novel concepts of non-invasive biomarkers, which may become useful in monitoring of CD activity and prognosis. We discuss metabolomics as a new powerful tool for clinicians to guide differential IBD diagnosis. In the coming years, new developments of prognostic tools are expected, aiming for breakthroughs in the management of patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Marlicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Sanprobi Sp. z o.o. Sp. K., Szczecin, Poland
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174
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Lagha AB, Groeger S, Meyle J, Grenier D. Green tea polyphenols enhance gingival keratinocyte integrity and protect against invasion by Porphyromonas gingivalis. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4961135. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amel Ben Lagha
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, 2420 rue de la Terrasse, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sabine Groeger
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Joerg Meyle
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, 2420 rue de la Terrasse, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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175
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Garcia MA, Nelson WJ, Chavez N. Cell-Cell Junctions Organize Structural and Signaling Networks. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a029181. [PMID: 28600395 PMCID: PMC5773398 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell junctions link cells to each other in tissues, and regulate tissue homeostasis in critical cell processes that include tissue barrier function, cell proliferation, and migration. Defects in cell-cell junctions give rise to a wide range of tissue abnormalities that disrupt homeostasis and are common in genetic abnormalities and cancers. Here, we discuss the organization and function of cell-cell junctions primarily involved in adhesion (tight junction, adherens junction, and desmosomes) in two different epithelial tissues: a simple epithelium (intestine) and a stratified epithelium (epidermis). Studies in these tissues reveal similarities and differences in the organization and functions of different cell-cell junctions that meet the requirements for the specialized functions of each tissue. We discuss cell-cell junction responses to genetic and environmental perturbations that provide further insights into their roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Garcia
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - W James Nelson
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Natalie Chavez
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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176
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Tan L, Rong D, Yang Y, Zhang B. Effect of Oxidized Soybean Oils on Oxidative Status and Intestinal Barrier Function in Broiler Chickens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Tan
- China Agricultural University, China; Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - D Rong
- Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Y Yang
- China Agricultural University, China
| | - B Zhang
- China Agricultural University, China
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177
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El-Chami C, Haslam IS, Steward MC, O'Neill CA. Organic osmolytes preserve the function of the developing tight junction in ultraviolet B-irradiated rat epidermal keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5167. [PMID: 29581434 PMCID: PMC5979960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal barrier function is provided by the highly keratinised stratum corneum and also by tight junctions (TJs) in the granular layer of skin. The development of the TJ barrier significantly deteriorates in response to ultraviolet B radiation (UVB). Following exposure to UVB, keratinocytes accumulate organic osmolytes, which are known to preserve cell volume during water stress. Since TJs are intimately associated with control of water homeostasis in skin, we hypothesised that there may be a direct influence of osmolytes on TJ development. Exposure of rat epidermal keratinocytes (REKs) to a single dose of UVB reduced the function of developing TJs. This was concomitant with dislocalisation of claudin-1 and claudin-4 from the keratinocyte plasma membrane, phosphorylation of occludin and elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the presence of organic osmolytes, these effects were negated but were independent of the effects of these molecules on cell volume, elevation of ROS or the gene expression of TJ proteins. These data suggest that organic osmolytes affect TJs via post-translational mechanism(s) possibly involving protection of the native conformation of TJ proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile El-Chami
- School of Biological Sciences, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Iain S Haslam
- School of Biological Sciences, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.,School of Medical Sciences, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Martin C Steward
- School of Medical Sciences, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A O'Neill
- School of Biological Sciences, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
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178
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Roxas JL, Viswanathan VK. Modulation of Intestinal Paracellular Transport by Bacterial Pathogens. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:823-842. [PMID: 29687905 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The passive and regulated movement of ions, solutes, and water via spaces between cells of the epithelial monolayer plays a critical role in the normal intestinal functioning. This paracellular pathway displays a high level of structural and functional specialization, with the membrane-spanning complexes of the tight junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes ensuring its integrity. Tight junction proteins, like occludin, tricellulin, and the claudin family isoforms, play prominent roles as barriers to unrestricted paracellular transport. The past decade has witnessed major advances in our understanding of the architecture and function of epithelial tight junctions. While it has been long appreciated that microbes, notably bacterial and viral pathogens, target and disrupt junctional complexes and alter paracellular permeability, the precise mechanisms remain to be defined. Notably, renewed efforts will be required to interpret the available data on pathogen-mediated barrier disruption in the context of the most recent findings on tight junction structure and function. While much of the focus has been on pathogen-induced dysregulation of junctional complexes, commensal microbiota and their products may influence paracellular permeability and contribute to the normal physiology of the gut. Finally, microbes and their products have become important tools in exploring host systems, including the junctional properties of epithelial cells. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:823-842, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lising Roxas
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - V K Viswanathan
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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179
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Ogawa M, Osada H, Hasegawa A, Ohno H, Yanuma N, Sasaki K, Shimoda M, Shirai J, Kondo H, Ohmori K. Effect of interleukin-1β on occludin mRNA expression in the duodenal and colonic mucosa of dogs with inflammatory bowel disease. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:1019-1025. [PMID: 29572935 PMCID: PMC5980446 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucosal imbalance of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-1 receptor antagonist (Ra) has been reported in the duodenal mucosa of dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the imbalance in the colonic mucosa and its role in duodenitis and colitis in IBD of dogs remain unclear. OBJECTIVES To measure the expression of IL-1β and IL-1Ra proteins in the colonic mucosa of dogs with IBD, and to determine the effect of IL-1β on expression of occludin (ocln) mRNA, a tight junction component, in the duodenal and colonic mucosa of dogs with IBD. ANIMALS Twelve dogs with IBD and 6 healthy dogs. METHODS IL-1β and IL-1 Ra proteins in the colonic mucosa were quantified by ELISA in 7 of the 12 dogs with IBD. Expression of ocln mRNA in the duodenal and colonic mucosa was examined in the 12 dogs by real-time PCR. RESULTS The ratio of IL-1β to IL-1Ra in the colonic mucosa was significantly higher in dogs with IBD than in healthy dogs. The ex vivo experiment determined that IL-1β suppressed expression of ocln mRNA in the colonic mucosa, but not in the duodenal mucosa, of healthy dogs. Expression of ocln mRNA in the colonic mucosa, but not in the duodenal mucosa, was significantly lower in dogs with IBD than in healthy dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE A relative increase in IL-1β may attenuate ocln expression, leading to intestinal barrier dysfunction and promotion of intestinal inflammation in the colonic mucosa, but not in the duodenal mucosa, of dogs with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Ogawa
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironari Osada
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayana Hasegawa
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Ohno
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nanako Yanuma
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Shimoda
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junsuke Shirai
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kondo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keitaro Ohmori
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
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180
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The Protective Mechanism of CAY10683 on Intestinal Mucosal Barrier in Acute Liver Failure through LPS/TLR4/MyD88 Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:7859601. [PMID: 29725271 PMCID: PMC5872593 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7859601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective mechanism of HDAC2 inhibitor CAY10683 on intestinal mucosal barrier in acute liver failure (ALF). In order to establish ALF-induced intestinal epithelial barrier disruption models, D-galactosamine/LPS and LPS were, respectively, used with rats and NCM460 cell and then administrated with CAY10683. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured to detect the permeability of cells. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were employed to detect the key mRNA and protein levels. The intestinal epithelial tissue pathology was detected. After interfering with CAY10683, the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, TRIF, and TRAF6 were decreased compared with model group (P < 0.05), whereas the levels of ZO-1 and occluding were elevated (P < 0.05). The permeability was elevated in CAY10683-interfered groups, when compared with model group (P < 0.05). And the degree of intestinal epithelial tissue pathological damage in CAY10683 group was significantly reduced. Moreover, CAY10683 significantly decreased the TLR4 staining in animal tissue. The HDAC2 inhibitor CAY10683 could promote the damage of intestinal mucosal barrier in ALF through inhibiting LPS/TLR4/MyD88 pathway.
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181
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Pearce SC, Al-Jawadi A, Kishida K, Yu S, Hu M, Fritzky LF, Edelblum KL, Gao N, Ferraris RP. Marked differences in tight junction composition and macromolecular permeability among different intestinal cell types. BMC Biol 2018; 16:19. [PMID: 29391007 PMCID: PMC5793346 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian small intestinal tight junctions (TJ) link epithelial cells to one another and function as a permselective barrier, strictly modulating the passage of ions and macromolecules through the pore and leak pathways, respectively, thereby preventing the absorption of harmful compounds and microbes while allowing regulated transport of nutrients and electrolytes. Small intestinal epithelial permeability is ascribed primarily to the properties of TJs between adjoining enterocytes (ENTs), because there is almost no information on TJ composition and the paracellular permeability of nonenterocyte cell types that constitute a small but significant fraction of the intestinal epithelia. RESULTS Here we directed murine intestinal crypts to form specialized organoids highly enriched in intestinal stem cells (ISCs), absorptive ENTs, secretory goblet cells, or Paneth cells. The morphological and morphometric characteristics of these cells in organoids were similar to those in vivo. The expression of certain TJ proteins varied with cell type: occludin and tricellulin levels were high in both ISCs and Paneth cells, while claudin-1, -2, and -7 expression was greatest in Paneth cells, ISCs, and ENTs, respectively. In contrast, the distribution of claudin-15, zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), and E-cadherin was relatively homogeneous. E-cadherin and claudin-7 marked mainly the basolateral membrane, while claudin-2, ZO-1, and occludin resided in the apical membrane. Remarkably, organoids enriched in ENTs or goblet cells were over threefold more permeable to 4 and 10 kDa dextran compared to those containing stem and Paneth cells. The TJ-regulator larazotide prevented the approximately tenfold increases in dextran flux induced by the TJ-disrupter AT1002 into organoids of different cell types, indicating that this ZO toxin nonselectively increases permeability. Forced dedifferentiation of mature ENTs results in the reacquisition of ISC-like characteristics in TJ composition and dextran permeability, suggesting that the post-differentiation properties of TJs are not hardwired. CONCLUSIONS Differentiation of adult intestinal stem cells into mature secretory and absorptive cell types causes marked, but potentially reversible, changes in TJ composition, resulting in enhanced macromolecular permeability of the TJ leak pathway between ENTs and between goblet cells. This work advances our understanding of how cell differentiation affects the paracellular pathway of epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Pearce
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
- Present address: Performance Nutrition Team, Combat Feeding Directorate, US Army, 15 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA, 01760-5018, USA
| | - Arwa Al-Jawadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Kunihiro Kishida
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
- Present address: Department of Science and Technology on Food Safety, Kindai University, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan
| | - Shiyan Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Life Science Center, 225 University Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Madeleine Hu
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Center for Inflammation and Immunity, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Luke F Fritzky
- Advanced Microscopic Imaging Core Facility, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Karen L Edelblum
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Center for Inflammation and Immunity, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Life Science Center, 225 University Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Ronaldo P Ferraris
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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182
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Zhang L, Feng T, Spicer LJ. The role of tight junction proteins in ovarian follicular development and ovarian cancer. Reproduction 2018; 155:R183-R198. [PMID: 29374086 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJ) are protein structures that control the transport of water, ions and macromolecules across cell layers. Functions of the transmembrane TJ protein, occluding (OCLN) and the cytoplasmic TJ proteins, tight junction protein 1 (TJP1; also known as zona occludens protein-1), cingulin (CGN) and claudins (CLDN) are reviewed, and current evidence of their role in the ovarian function is reviewed. Abundance of OCLN, CLDNs and TJP1 mRNA changed during follicular growth. In vitro treatment with various growth factors known to affect ovarian folliculogenesis indicated that CGN, OCLN and TJP1 are hormonally regulated. The summarized studies indicate that expression of TJ proteins (i.e., OCLN, CLDN, TJP1 and CGN) changes with follicle size in a variety of vertebrate species but whether these changes in TJ proteins are increased or decreased depends on species and cell type. Evidence indicates that autocrine, paracrine and endocrine regulators, such as fibroblast growth factor-9, epidermal growth factor, androgens, tumor necrosis factor-α and glucocorticoids may modulate these TJ proteins. Additional evidence presented indicates that TJ proteins may be involved in ovarian cancer development in addition to normal follicular and luteal development. A model is proposed suggesting that hormonal downregulation of TJ proteins during ovarian follicular development could reduce barrier function (i.e., selective permeability of molecules between theca and granulosa cells) and allow for an increase in the volume of follicular fluid as well as allow additional serum factors into the follicle that may directly impact granulosa cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingna Zhang
- Department of Animal ScienceOklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Tao Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary MedicineBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Leon J Spicer
- Department of Animal ScienceOklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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183
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Buckley A, Turner JR. Cell Biology of Tight Junction Barrier Regulation and Mucosal Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a029314. [PMID: 28507021 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells. In the intestine, the epithelium establishes a selectively permeable barrier that supports nutrient absorption and waste secretion while preventing intrusion by luminal materials. Intestinal epithelia therefore play a central role in regulating interactions between the mucosal immune system and luminal contents, which include dietary antigens, a diverse intestinal microbiome, and pathogens. The paracellular space is sealed by the tight junction, which is maintained by a complex network of protein interactions. Tight junction dysfunction has been linked to a variety of local and systemic diseases. Two molecularly and biophysically distinct pathways across the intestinal tight junction are selectively and differentially regulated by inflammatory stimuli. This review discusses the mechanisms underlying these events, their impact on disease, and the potential of using these as paradigms for development of tight junction-targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Buckley
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine (Gastroenterology), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine (Gastroenterology), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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184
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Bekusova VV, Falchuk EL, Okorokova LS, Kruglova NM, Nozdrachev AD, Markov AG. Increased paracellular permeability of tumor-adjacent areas in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. Cancer Biol Med 2018; 15:251-259. [PMID: 30197792 PMCID: PMC6121046 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The morphology and functions of the proximal and distal large intestine are not the same. The incidence of colorectal cancer in these regions is also different, as tumors more often appear in the descending colon than in the ascending colon. Inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer can increase transepithelial permeability, which is a sign of reduced intestinal barrier function. However, there is not enough evidence to establish a connection between the difference in colorectal cancer incidence in the proximal and distal colon and intestinal permeability or the effects of carcinogenesis on the barrier properties in various areas of the colon. The aim of the study was to assess the permeability of different segments of the large intestine according to a developed mapping methodology in healthy rats and rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon adenocarcinoma. Methods: The short circuit current, the transepithelial electrical resistance and the paracellular permeability to fluorescein of large intestine wall of male Wistar rats were examined in the Ussing chambers. The optical density of the solution from the serosa side to assess the concentration of the diffused fluorescein from mucosa to serosa was analyzed by spectrophotometry. The morphometric and histological studies were performed by optical microscopy. Results: Rats with DMH-induced colon adenocarcinomas showed elevated transepithelial electrical resistance in the areas of neoplasm development. In contrast, there was no change in the electrophysiological properties of tumor adjacent areas, however, the paracellular permeability of these areas to fluorescein was increased compared to the control rats and was characterized by sharply reduced barrier function. Conclusions: The barrier properties of the colon vary depending on tumor location. The tumors were less permeable than the intact intestinal wall and probably have a negative influence on tumor-adjacent tissues by disrupting their barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria V Bekusova
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia
| | - Evgeny L Falchuk
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia
| | - Larisa S Okorokova
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia
| | - Natalia M Kruglova
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia
| | - Alexander D Nozdrachev
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia.,I.P.Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Alexander G Markov
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia
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185
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Kim S, Kim GH. Roles of claudin-2, ZO-1 and occludin in leaky HK-2 cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189221. [PMID: 29252987 PMCID: PMC5734727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Claudin-2, ZO-1, and occludin are major components of tight junctions (TJs) in the proximal tubule. However, their roles in maintaining paracellular permeability as leaky epithelia have yet to be defined. Methods To investigate the contributory role of TJ proteins in the leaky proximal tubule, we xamined the effect of inhibiting claudin-2, occludin, and ZO-1 expression on transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and paracellular permeability using the immortalized human proximal tubule epithelial cell line HK-2. For this, small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against claudin-2, occludin and ZO-1 were transfected into HK-2 cells. TER and transepithelial flux rates of dextrans (4 and 70 kDa) were determined after 24 h. Results Transfection of siRNAs (25 nM) knocked down TJ protein expression. Control HK-2 monolayers achieved a steady-state TER of 6–8 Ω·cm2 when grown in 12-well Transwell filters, which are compatible with leaky epithelia. Knockdown of claudin-2 decreased in TER and increased occludin expression. Transfection with siRNA against either occludin or ZO-1 increased TER and decreased claudin-2 expression. TER was decreased by co-inhibition of claudin-2 and ZO-1 but increased by co-inhibition of claudin-2 and occludin. TER was suppressed when claudin-2, occludin, and ZO-1 were all inhibited. Dextran flux rate was increased by claudin-2, occludin, or ZO-1 siRNA transfection. Increased dextran flux was enhanced by co-transfection of claudin-2, ZO-1, and occludin siRNA. Conclusions The depletion of claudin-2, occludin and ZO-1 in HK-2 cells had differential effects on TER and macromolecule flux. We demonstrated that integration of claudin-2, occludin and ZO-1 is necessary for maintaining the function of the proximal tubular epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sua Kim
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gheun-Ho Kim
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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186
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Dubreuil JD. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli targeting intestinal epithelial tight junctions: An effective way to alter the barrier integrity. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:129-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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187
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Zhou Z, Zhong W. Targeting the gut barrier for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease. LIVER RESEARCH 2017; 1:197-207. [PMID: 30034913 PMCID: PMC6051712 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption remains one of the predominant causes of liver disease and liver-related death worldwide. Intriguingly, dysregulation of the gut barrier is a key factor promoting the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). A functional gut barrier, which consists of a mucus layer, an intact epithelial monolayer and mucosal immune cells, supports nutrient absorption and prevents bacterial penetration. Compromised gut barrier function is associated with the progression of ALD. Indeed, alcohol consumption disrupts the gut barrier, increases gut permeability, and induces bacterial translocation both in ALD patients and in experimental models with ALD. Moreover, alcohol consumption also causes enteric dysbiosis with both numerical and proportional perturbations. Here, we review and discuss mechanisms of alcohol-induced gut barrier dysfunction to better understand the contribution of the gut-liver axis to the pathogenesis of ALD. Unfortunately, there is no effectual Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for any stage of ALD. Therefore, we conclude with a discussion of potential strategies aimed at restoring the gut barrier in ALD. The principle behind antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics and fecal microbiota transplants is to restore microbial symbiosis and subsequently gut barrier function. Nutrient-based treatments, such as dietary supplementation with zinc, niacin or fatty acids, have been shown to regulate tight junction expression, reduce intestinal inflammation, and prevent endotoxemia as well as liver injury caused by alcohol in experimental settings. Interestingly, saturated fatty acids may also directly control the gut microbiome. In summary, clinical and experimental studies highlight the significance and efficacy of the gut barrier in treating ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxiang Zhou
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Wei Zhong
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, NC, USA
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188
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Zhang L, Schütz LF, Robinson CL, Totty ML, Spicer LJ. Evidence that gene expression of ovarian follicular tight junction proteins is regulated in vivo and in vitro in cattle. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:1313-1324. [PMID: 28380519 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJ) are common paracellular sealing structures that control the transport of water, ions, and macromolecules across cell layers. Because the role of TJ in bovine follicular development is unknown, we investigated the developmental and hormonal regulation of the transmembrane TJ protein, occludin (OCLN), and the cytoplasmic TJ proteins, TJ protein 1 (TJP1) and cingulin (CGN) in bovine granulosa cells (GC) and theca cells (TC). For this purpose, bovine GC and TC were isolated from large (>8 mm) and/or small (1 to 5 mm) follicles and either extracted for real-time PCR (qPCR) or cultured in vitro. The abundances of both and mRNA were greater ( < 0.05) in TC than GC, whereas the mRNA abundance was greater ( < 0.05) in GC than TC. The abundance of mRNA in both GC and TC was greater ( < 0.05) in small follicles compared with large follicles, whereas the GC of large follicles had less ( < 0.05) mRNA abundance than the GC of small follicles. The abundance of mRNA in GC or TC did not differ ( > 0.10) among follicle sizes. In vitro treatment with various growth factors known to affect ovarian folliculogenesis indicated that , , and were hormonally regulated. Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) decreased ( < 0.05) the and mRNA abundances. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) increased ( < 0.05) the mRNA abundance but decreased ( < 0.05) the mRNA abundance. Dexamethasone (DEX) increased ( < 0.05) and mRNA abundances. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) decreased ( < 0.05) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increased ( < 0.05) the abundances of , , and mRNA. We propose that the downregulation of OCLN and other TJ proteins during follicular development could reduce barrier function, thereby participating in increasing follicle size by allowing for an increase in the volume of follicular fluid as well as by allowing additional serum factors into the follicular fluid that potentially may directly impact GC functions. The results of the current study indicate the following in cattle: 1) gene expression of TJ proteins (i.e., , , and ) differs between GC and TC and changes with follicle size, and 2) autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine regulators, such as FGF9, EGF, DHT, TNFα, and glucocorticoids, modulate , , and mRNA abundance in TC in vitro.
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189
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Dietary l-arginine inhibits intestinal Clostridium perfringens colonisation and attenuates intestinal mucosal injury in broiler chickens. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:321-332. [PMID: 28901890 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517002094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of dietary l-arginine level and feeding duration on the intestinal damage of broilers induced by Clostridium perfringens (CP) in vivo, and the antimicrobial effect of its metabolite nitric oxide (NO) in vitro. The in vivo experiment was designed as a factorial arrangement of three dietary treatments×two challenge statuses. Broilers were fed a basal diet (CON) or a high-arginine diet (ARG) containing 1·87 % l-arginine, or CON for the first 8 d and ARG from days 9 to 28 (CON/ARG). Birds were co-infected with or without Eimeria and CP (EM/CP). EM/CP challenge led to intestinal injury, as evidenced by lower plasma d-xylose concentration (P<0·01), higher paracellular permeability in the ileum (P<0·05) and higher numbers of Escherichia coli (P<0·05) and CP (P<0·001) in caecal digesta; however, this situation could be alleviated by l-arginine supplementation (P<0·05). The intestinal claudin-1 and occludin mRNA expression levels were decreased (P<0·05) following EM/CP challenge; this was reversed by l-arginine supplementation (P<0·05). Moreover, EM/CP challenge up-regulated (P<0·05) claudin-2, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), toll-like receptor 2 and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain 1 (NOD1) mRNA expression, and l-arginine supplementation elevated (P<0·05) IFN-γ, IL-10 and NOD1 mRNA expression. In vitro study showed that NO had bacteriostatic activity against CP (P<0·001). In conclusion, l-arginine supplementation could inhibit CP overgrowth and alleviate intestinal mucosal injury by modulating innate immune responses, enhancing barrier function and producing NO.
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190
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Cresci GA, Glueck B, McMullen MR, Xin W, Allende D, Nagy LE. Prophylactic tributyrin treatment mitigates chronic-binge ethanol-induced intestinal barrier and liver injury. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:1587-1597. [PMID: 28087985 PMCID: PMC5511097 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Impaired gut-liver axis is a potential factor contributing to alcoholic liver disease. Ethanol depletes intestinal integrity and causes gut dysbiosis. Butyrate, a fermentation byproduct of gut microbiota, is altered negatively following chronic ethanol exposure. This study aimed to determine whether prophylactic tributyrin could protect the intestinal barrier and liver in mice during combined chronic-binge ethanol exposure. METHODS C57BL/6J mice exposed to 5% v/v ethanol-containing diet for 10 days received a single ethanol gavage (5 g/kg) 9 h before euthanasia. Control mice were isocalorically pair-fed maltose dextrin for ethanol. Diets were supplemented (5 mM) with tributyrin or glycerol. Intestine and liver disease activity was assessed histologically. Protein and mRNA expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins, toll-like receptors, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were assessed. Caco-2 monolayers with or without ethanol exposure and/or sodium butyrate were used to test butyrate's direct effects on intestinal integrity. RESULTS Chronic-binge ethanol feeding impaired intestinal TJ protein co-localization staining; however, tributyrin co-treatment mitigated these effects. Ethanol depleted TJ and transepithelial electrical resistance in Caco-2 monolayers, but butyrate co-treatment reduced these effects. Hepatic toll-like receptor mRNA expression and tumor necrosis factor-alpha protein expression was induced by ethanol; however, the response was significantly dampened in mice co-treated with tributyrin. Tributyrin altered localization of both neutrophils and single hepatocyte death: Leukocytes and apoptotic hepatocytes localized predominantly around the portal tract in ethanol-only treated mice, whereas localization predominated around the central vein in ethanol-tributyrin mice. CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic tributyrin supplementation mitigated effects of combined chronic-binge ethanol exposure on disruption of intestinal TJ localization and intestinal permeability and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail A Cresci
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Pediatric Research Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bryan Glueck
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Megan R McMullen
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wei Xin
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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191
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Gu JF, Su SL, Guo JM, Zhu Y, Zhao M, Duan JA. The aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. strengthen intestinal barrier and modulate gut microbiota imbalance in streptozocin-induced diabetic mice. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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192
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Lijie S, Lei S, Leilei L, Xiuxian F, Jing W, Qiang Y, Shiwei C, Jing G, Fenglin Z, Sufei H. Effect of Yang -activating and stasis-eliminating decoction from Traditional Chinese Medicine on intestinal mucosal permeability in rats with ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(17)30151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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193
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Wang Y, Liu L, Guo Y, Mao T, Shi R, Li J. Effects of indigo naturalis on colonic mucosal injuries and inflammation in rats with dextran sodium sulphate-induced ulcerative colitis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1327-1336. [PMID: 28781623 PMCID: PMC5526181 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of indigo naturalis (IN), which is a traditional Chinese herbal formulation, have been clinically demonstrated in treating refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). The present study aimed to verify the effects and mechanisms of IN in experimental UC rats. A total of 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: Chow, model, high-dose IN, medium-dose IN, low-dose IN and mesalazine (a bowel-specific aminosalicylate drug) groups. The models were administered 3.5% dextran sodium sulphate solution for 7 days. The treatment groups were administered IN or mesalazine and then sacrificed and sampled on day 8. Disease activity index (DAI), histological damage score (HDS) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were used to evaluate the severity of UC. Colon and serum cytokines were detected using liquid-phase chip technology and the expression of occludin protein in colonic mucosa was assessed by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The results indicated that the oral administration of IN may reduce DAI, HDS and MPO activity. IN also reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines and increased the expression of colonic mucosal repair-related cytokines and occludin protein. These results highlight the potential of IN as a therapeutic agent for treating UC through its action of inflammation control and colonic mucosal damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunliang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Gastroenterology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P.R. China.,Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Tangyou Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P.R. China.,Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P.R. China
| | - Junxiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P.R. China
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194
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Intestinal Epithelial Cell-Specific Deletion of PLD2 Alleviates DSS-Induced Colitis by Regulating Occludin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1573. [PMID: 28484281 PMCID: PMC5431506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a multi-factorial disease involving a dysregulated immune response. Disruptions to the intestinal epithelial barrier and translocation of bacteria, resulting in inflammation, are common in colitis. The mechanisms underlying epithelial barrier dysfunction or regulation of tight junction proteins during disease progression of colitis have not been clearly elucidated. Increase in phospholipase D (PLD) activity is associated with disease severity in colitis animal models. However, the role of PLD2 in the maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity remains elusive. We have generated intestinal-specific Pld2 knockout mice (Pld2 IEC-KO) to investigate the mechanism of intestinal epithelial PLD2 in colitis. We show that the knockout of Pld2 confers protection against dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Treatment with DSS induced the expression of PLD2 and downregulated occludin in colon epithelial cells. PLD2 was shown to mediate phosphorylation of occludin and induce its proteasomal degradation in a c-Src kinase-dependent pathway. Additionally, we have shown that treatment with an inhibitor of PLD2 can rescue mice from DSS-induced colitis. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that PLD2 is pivotal in the regulation of the integrity of epithelial tight junctions and occludin turn over, thereby implicating it in the pathogenesis of colitis.
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195
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Mend Your Fences: The Epithelial Barrier and its Relationship With Mucosal Immunity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 4:33-46. [PMID: 28560287 PMCID: PMC5439240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium can be easily disrupted during gut inflammation as seen in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. For a long time, research into the pathophysiology of IBD has been focused on immune cell-mediated mechanisms. Recent evidence, however, suggests that the intestinal epithelium might play a major role in the development and perpetuation of IBD. It is now clear that IBD can be triggered by disturbances in epithelial barrier integrity via dysfunctions in intestinal epithelial cell-intrinsic molecular circuits that control the homeostasis, renewal, and repair of intestinal epithelial cells. The intestinal epithelium in the healthy individual represents a semi-permeable physical barrier shielding the interior of the body from invasions of pathogens on the one hand and allowing selective passage of nutrients on the other hand. However, the intestinal epithelium must be considered much more than a simple physical barrier. Instead, the epithelium is a highly dynamic tissue that responds to a plenitude of signals including the intestinal microbiota and signals from the immune system. This epithelial response to these signals regulates barrier function, the composition of the microbiota, and mucosal immune homeostasis within the lamina propria. The epithelium can thus be regarded as a translator between the microbiota and the immune system and aberrant signal transduction between the epithelium and adjacent immune cells might promote immune dysregulation in IBD. This review summarizes the important cellular and molecular barrier components of the intestinal epithelium and emphasizes the mechanisms leading to barrier dysfunction during intestinal inflammation.
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Key Words
- BMP, bone morphogenic protein
- CD, Crohn's disease
- Fz, frizzled
- HD, humans α-defensin
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IECs, intestinal epithelial cells
- IL, interleukin
- Immune-Epithelial Crosstalk
- Intestinal Epithelial Barrier
- Intestinal Inflammation
- JAMs, junctional adhesion molecules
- Lgr5, leucine rich repeat containing G-protein coupled receptor 5
- MARVEL, myelin and lymphocyte and related proteins for vesicle trafficking and membrane link
- MLCK, myosin light chain kinase
- NFκB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NOD-2, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2
- STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- TAMP, tight junction–associated MARVEL protein
- TJ, tight junction
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin
- UC, ulcerative colitis
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196
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Salmosan, a β-galactomannan-rich product, in combination with Lactobacillus plantarum contributes to restore intestinal epithelial barrier function by modulation of cytokine production. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 41:20-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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197
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Wang X, Hao Q, Zhao Y, Guo Y, Ge W. Dysregulation of cell-cell interactions in brain arteriovenous malformations: A quantitative proteomic study. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 11. [PMID: 28083997 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing 100005 China
| | - Qiang Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Yuanli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery; Tsinghua Changgung Hospital; Beijing 102218 China
- Department of Neurosurgery; Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University; Baoding 071000 China
| | - Wei Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing 100005 China
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198
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Nighot PK, Leung L, Ma TY. Chloride channel ClC- 2 enhances intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier function via regulation of caveolin-1 and caveolar trafficking of occludin. Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:113-122. [PMID: 28161538 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the chloride channel ClC-2 plays a critical role in intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) barrier function via intracellular trafficking of TJ protein occludin. To study the mechanism of ClC-2-mediated TJ barrier function and intracellular trafficking of occludin, we established ClC-2 over-expressing Caco-2 cell line (Caco-2CLCN2) by full length ClC-2 ORF transfection. ClC-2 over-expression (Caco-2CLCN2) significantly enhanced TJ barrier (increased TER by ≥2 times and reduced inulin flux by 50%) compared to control Caco-2pEZ cells. ClC-2 over-expression (Caco-2CLCN2) increased occludin protein level compared to control Caco-2pEZ cells. Surface biotinylation assay revealed reduced steady state endocytosis of occludin in Caco-2CLCN2 cells. Furthermore, ClC-2 over-expression led to reduction in caveolin-1 protein level and diminishment of caveolae assembly. Caveolae disruption increased TJ permeability in control but not ClC-2 over-expressing Caco-2CLCN2 cells. Selective ClC-2 channel blocker GaTx2 caused an increase in caveolin-1 protein level and reduced occludin level. Delivery of cell permeable caveolin-1 scaffolding domain reduced the occludin protein level. Over all, these results suggest that ClC- 2 enhances TJ barrier function in intestinal epithelial cells via regulation of caveolin-1 and caveolae-mediated trafficking of occludin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant K Nighot
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Lana Leung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Thomas Y Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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199
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Nevado R, Forcén R, Layunta E, Murillo MD, Grasa L. Neomycin and bacitracin reduce the intestinal permeability in mice and increase the expression of some tight-junction proteins. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2017; 107:672-6. [PMID: 26541656 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2015.3868/2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tight-junction (TJ) proteins regulate paracellular permeability. Gut permeability can be modulated by commensal microbiota. Manipulation of the gut microbiota with antibiotics like bacitracin and neomycin turned out to be useful for the treatment of diarrhoea induced by Clostridium difficile or chemotherapy drugs. AIM To evaluate the effects of the microbiota depletion evoked by the oral administration of neomycin and bacitracin on the intestinal permeability and expression of TJ proteins in mice. METHODS Mice received neomycin and bacitracin orally for 7 days. Intestinal permeability was measured by the fluorescein-isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran) method. The gene expression of TJ proteins in the intestine was determined by real time-PCR. RESULTS FITC-dextran levels in serum were reduced by half in antibiotic-treated mice, indicating a reduction of intestinal permeability. Antibiotics increased the expression of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A, and occludin in the ileum and ZO-1, claudin-3, and claudin-4 in the colon. CONCLUSION The combination of neomycin and bacitracin reduce intestinal permeability and increase the gene expression of ZO-1, junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A), and occludin in the ileum and ZO-1, claudin-3, and claudin-4 in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Nevado
- Farmacología y Fisiología, Universidad de Zaragoza, España
| | - Raquel Forcén
- Farmacología y Fisiología, Universidad de Zaragoza, España
| | - Elena Layunta
- Farmacología y Fisiología, Universidad de Zaragoza, España
| | - María Divina Murillo
- Farmacología y Fisiología, Universidad de Zaragoza. Facultad de Veterinaria, España
| | - Laura Grasa
- Farmacología y Fisiologlía, Universidad de Zaragoza, España
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200
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Zhang C, Yan J, Xiao Y, Shen Y, Wang J, Ge W, Chen Y. Inhibition of Autophagic Degradation Process Contributes to Claudin-2 Expression Increase and Epithelial Tight Junction Dysfunction in TNF-α Treated Cell Monolayers. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010157. [PMID: 28106723 PMCID: PMC5297790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junction dysfunction plays a vital role in some chronic inflammatory diseases. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), act as important factors in intestinal epithelial tight junction dysfunction during inflammatory conditions. Autophagy has also been shown to be crucial in tight junction function and claudin-2 expression, but whether autophagy has an effect on the change of claudin-2 expression and tight junction function induced by TNF-α is still unknown. To answer this question, we examined the expression of claudin-2 protein, transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), and permeability of cell monolayers, autophagy flux change, and lysosomal pH after TNF-α with or without PP242 treatment. Our study showed that claudin-2 expression, intestinal permeability, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B II (LC3B-II) and sequestosome 1 (P62) expression largely increased while TER values decreased in TNF-α treated cell monolayers. Further research using 3-methyladenine (3-MA), bafilomycin A1, and ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B adenovirus demonstrated that LC3B-II increase induced by TNF-α was attributed to the inhibition of autophagic degradation. Moreover, both qualitative and quantitative method confirmed the increase of lysosomal pH, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor PP242 treatment relieved this elevation. Moreover, PP242 treatment also alleviated the change of autophagy flux, TER, and claudin-2 expression induced by TNF-α. Therefore, we conclude that increase of claudin-2 levels and intestinal epithelial tight junction dysfunction are partly caused by the inhibition of autophagic degradation in TNF-α treated cell monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Junkai Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yongtao Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yujie Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jiazheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Wensong Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yingwei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China.
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