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Kölle J, Haag P, Vuorinen T, Alexander K, Rauh M, Zimmermann T, Papadopoulos NG, Finotto S. Respiratory infections regulated blood cells IFN-β-PD-L1 pathway in pediatric asthma. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 8:310-319. [PMID: 32394602 PMCID: PMC7416032 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Respiratory infections, in general, and rhinovirus infection specifically are the main reason for asthma exacerbation in children and programmed cell death protein 1 ligand (PD‐L1) expression inhibits T cell responses. Objective Could the interferon (IFN) type I expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) improve disease exacerbation in pediatric asthma? Results Here we found increased level of PD‐L1 messenger RNA (mRNA) in total blood cells isolated from preschool children with virus‐induced asthma, with lower percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second and with high serum levels of the C‐reactive‐protein. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance These data indicate that, in the presence of infection in the airways of preschool children, worse asthma is associated with induced PD‐L1 mRNA expression in blood cells. Further, type I IFN, IFN‐β, a cytokine that is involved in the clearance of infections, was found to be associated with a better lung function in asthmatic children. These data suggest that improving peripheral blood IFN type I expression in PBMCs in pediatric asthma could improve disease exacerbation due to suppressing PD‐L1 expression in blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kölle
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patricia Haag
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tytti Vuorinen
- Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kiefer Alexander
- Department of Allergy and Pneumology, Children's Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Rauh
- Department of Allergy and Pneumology, Children's Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Theodor Zimmermann
- Department of Allergy and Pneumology, Children's Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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PD-L1 and IDO1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in osteosarcoma patients: comparative study of primary and metastatic lesions. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:2607-2620. [PMID: 32388585 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) are immunosuppressive proteins known to be associated with poor prognosis in various cancers. However, their expression and clinical relevance in osteosarcoma remain unknown. In this study, the relationships of PD-L1 and IDO1 expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis were explored. METHODS The expression of PD-L1, IDO1, CD3, CD4, and CD8 in 112 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues collected by biopsy or surgical resection from 56 osteosarcoma patients was evaluated immunohistochemically. Moreover, four osteosarcoma cell lines were evaluated for the effects of IFNγ on PD-L1 and IDO1 mRNA expression by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS In pre-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) primary specimens, 10 cases (17%) showed PD-L1 expression and 12 (21%) showed IDO1 expression. Six of ten cases (60%) with PD-L1 positivity co-expressed IDO1. In post-NAC metastatic lesions, the frequency of immunoexpression of PD-L1 and IDO1 was increased compared with that in pre-NAC specimens. PD-L1 and/or IDO1 expression was not associated with poor prognosis. PD-L1 immunoexpression was significantly associated with the infiltration of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells; while, IDO1 immunoexpression was significantly associated with the infiltration of CD3+ T cells and CD4+ T cells. In all osteosarcoma cell lines, PD-L1 and IDO1 expression was upregulated by stimulation with IFNγ. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the PD-L1 and IDO1 immune checkpoint inhibitors may provide clinical benefit in osteosarcoma patients with metastatic lesions after conventional chemotherapy.
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Maggio D, Ho WS, Breese R, Walbridge S, Wang H, Cui J, Heiss JD, Gilbert MR, Kovach JS, Lu RO, Zhuang Z. Inhibition of protein phosphatase-2A with LB-100 enhances antitumor immunity against glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2020; 148:231-244. [PMID: 32342332 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) carries a dismal prognosis despite standard multimodal treatment with surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD1 blockade, for treatment of GBM failed to show clinical benefit. Rational combination strategies to overcome resistance of GBM to checkpoint monotherapy are needed to extend the promise of immunotherapy to GBM management. Emerging evidence suggests that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) plays a critical role in the signal transduction pathways of both adaptive and innate immune cells and that inhibition of PP2A could enhance cancer immunity. We investigated the use of a PP2A inhibitor, LB-100, to enhance antitumor efficacy of PD1 blockade in a syngeneic glioma model. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were implanted with murine glioma cell line GL261-luc or GL261-WT and randomized into 4 treatment arms: (i) control, (ii) LB-100, (iii) PD1 blockade and (iv) combination. Survival was assessed and detailed profiling of tumor infiltrating leukocytes was performed. RESULTS Dual PP2A and PD1 blockade significantly improved survival compared with monotherapy alone. Combination therapy resulted in complete regression of tumors in about 25% of mice. This effect was dependent on CD4 and CD8 T cells and cured mice established antigen-specific secondary protective immunity. Analysis of tumor lymphocytes demonstrated enhanced CD8 infiltration and effector function. CONCLUSION This is the first preclinical investigation of the effect of combining PP2A inhibition with PD1 blockade for GBM. This novel combination provided effective tumor immunotherapy and long-term survival in our animal GBM model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Maggio
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Winson S Ho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78701, USA.
- University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity St, Bldg. B HDB 3.214, Austin, TX, 78701, USA.
| | - Rebecca Breese
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Stuart Walbridge
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Herui Wang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jing Cui
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - John D Heiss
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - John S Kovach
- Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc., East Setauket, NY, 11733, USA
| | - Rongze O Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78701, USA.
- University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity St, Bldg. B HDB 3.216, Austin, TX, 78701, USA.
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- National Institutes of Health, BLDG 35, Rm 2B203, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Alinezhad M, Bakhshandeh M, Rostami E, Alimohamadi R, Mosaffa N, Jalali SA. Synergistic effects of anti-PDL-1 with ablative radiation comparing to other regimens with same biological effect dose based on different immunogenic response. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231507. [PMID: 32287292 PMCID: PMC7156084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Irradiation can induce multiple inhibitory and stimulatory effects on the immune system. In recent studies, it has been noted that administration of radiation with various doses and fractionation plans may influence on immune responses in microenvironment of tumor. But in radiobiology, the Biologically Effective Dose (BED) formula has been designed for calculating isoeffect doses in different regimens of daily clinical practice. In other words, BED has also been used to predict the effects of fractionation schedules on tumor cells. Methods In our study, three different regimens with BEDs of 40 gray (Gy) were analyzed in BALB/c mice. These included conventional fractionated radiotherapy (RT) (3Gyx10), high-dose hypofractionated RT (10Gyx2), and single ablative high-dose RT (15Gyx1). Results As BED predicts, all three similarly decreased tumor volumes and increased survival times relative to controls, but after high dose exposure in ablative group, the expression of IFNγ was increased following high infiltration of CD8 cells into the tumor microenvironment. When anti-PDL-1 was combined with RT, single ablative high-dose radiation enhanced antitumor activity by increasing IFNγ in tumors and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; as a result, this combining therapy had enhanced antitumor activity and lead to control tumor volume effectively and improve significantly survival rate and finally the recurrence of tumor was not observed. Conclusion Results show distinct radiation doses and fractionation schemes with same BED have different immunogenic response and these findings can provide data helping to design regimens of radiation combined with immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Alinezhad
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bakhshandeh
- Department of Radiology Technology, Allied Medical Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Rostami
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Alimohamadi
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Mosaffa
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Jalali
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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155
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Tu K, Deng H, Kong L, Wang Y, Yang T, Hu Q, Hu M, Yang C, Zhang Z. Reshaping Tumor Immune Microenvironment through Acidity-Responsive Nanoparticles Featured with CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Attenuation and Chemotherapeutics-Induced Immunogenic Cell Death. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:16018-16030. [PMID: 32192326 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Blocking immune checkpoints with monoclonal antibody has been verified to achieve potential clinical successes for cancer immunotherapy. However, its application has been impeded by the "cold" tumor microenvironment. Here, weak acidity-responsive nanoparticles co-loaded with CRISPR/Cas9 and paclitaxel (PTX) with the ability to convert "cold" tumor into "hot" tumor are reported. The nanoparticles exhibited high cargo packaging capacity, superior transfection efficiency, well biocompatibility, and effective tumor accumulation. The CRISPR/Cas9 encapsulated in nanoparticles could specifically knock out cyclin-dependent kinase 5 gene to significantly attenuate the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 on tumor cells. More importantly, PTX co-delivered in nanoparticles could significantly induce immunogenic cell death, reduce regulatory T lymphocytes, repolarize tumor-associated macrophages, and enhance antitumor immunity. Therefore, the nanoparticles could effectively convert cold tumor into hot tumor, achieve effective tumor growth inhibition, and prolong overall survival from 16 to 36 days. This research provided a referable strategy for the development of combinatorial immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Tu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huan Deng
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Li Kong
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Conglian Yang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Novel Drug Delivery System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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156
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Lingling Z, Jiewei L, Li W, Danli Y, Jie Z, Wen L, Dan P, Lei P, Qinghua Z. Molecular regulatory network of PD-1/PD-L1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Costa RLB, Czerniecki BJ. Clinical development of immunotherapies for HER2 + breast cancer: a review of HER2-directed monoclonal antibodies and beyond. NPJ Breast Cancer 2020; 6:10. [PMID: 32195333 PMCID: PMC7067811 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-020-0153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer accounts for ~25% of breast cancer cases. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against HER2 have led to unparalleled clinical benefit for a subset of patients with HER2+ breast cancer. In this narrative review, we summarize advances in the understanding of immune system interactions, examine clinical developments, and suggest rationales for future investigation of immunotherapies for HER2+ breast cancer. Complex interactions have been found between different branches of the immune system, HER2+ breast cancer, and targeted treatments (approved and under investigation). A new wave of immunotherapies, such as novel HER2-directed mAbs, antibody drug conjugates, vaccines, and adoptive T-cell therapies, are being studied in a broad population of patients with HER2-expressing tumors. The development of immunotherapies for HER2+ breast cancer represents an evolving field that should take into account interactions between different components of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo L B Costa
- Departments of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Brian J Czerniecki
- Departments of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
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158
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Tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 receptor is a tumor suppressor and mediates resistance to PD-1 blockade therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6640-6650. [PMID: 32161124 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921445117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor on the surface of immune cells is an immune checkpoint molecule that mediates the immune escape of tumor cells. Consequently, antibodies targeting PD-1 have shown efficacy in enhancing the antitumor activity of T cells in some types of cancers. However, the potential effects of PD-1 on tumor cells remain largely unknown. Here, we show that PD-1 is expressed across a broad range of tumor cells. The silencing of PD-1 or its ligand, PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), promotes cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Conversely, overexpression of PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibits tumor cell proliferation and colony formation. Moreover, blocking antibodies targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 promote tumor growth in cell cultures and xenografts. Mechanistically, the coordination of PD-1 and PD-L1 activates its major downstream signaling pathways including the AKT and ERK1/2 pathways, thus enhancing tumor cell growth. This study demonstrates that PD-1/PD-L1 is a potential tumor suppressor and potentially regulates the response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatments, thus representing a potential biomarker for the optimal cancer immunotherapeutic treatment.
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159
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Karstens KF, Kempski J, Giannou AD, Pelczar P, Steglich B, Steurer S, Freiwald E, Woestemeier A, Konczalla L, Tachezy M, Reeh M, Bockhorn M, Perez D, Mann O, Lohse AW, Roesch T, Izbicki JR, Gagliani N, Huber S. Anti-inflammatory microenvironment of esophageal adenocarcinomas negatively impacts survival. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1043-1056. [PMID: 32100077 PMCID: PMC7230052 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective Reflux promotes esophageal adenocarcinomas (EACs) creating a chronic inflammatory environment. Survival rates are low due to early local recurrences and distant metastasis. Hence, there is a need for new potential treatment options like immunotherapies.
However, the inflammatory microenvironment in EACs and its impact on patient outcome remain to be fully understood.
Methods mRNA expression levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in 39 EAC
patients without neoadjuvant radio-chemotherapy were measured. Data were confirmed using flow cytometric analysis of freshly resected surgical specimens. Inflammatory alterations in premalignant lesions of Barrett’s esophagus were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results Expression levels of IL22 were reduced in EAC, while expression levels of FOXP3, IL10 and CTLA4 were increased. Flow cytometry demonstrated a strong infiltration of CD4+ T cells with a reduction in CD4+ T cells producing IL-22 or IL-17A. We also observed an increase in CD4+CD127lowFOXP3+ cells producing IL-10. Accumulation of FOXP3+ T cells occurred prior to malignant changes. High expression of IL10 and low expression of IL22 in EAC were associated with reduced overall survival. Moreover, increased expression of IL10, CTLA4 and PD1 in the unaltered esophageal mucosa distant to the EAC was also linked with an unfavorable prognosis. Conclusion EAC shows an anti-inflammatory environment, which strongly affects patient survival. The microscopically unaltered peritumoral tissue shows a similar anti-inflammatory pattern indicating an immunological field effect, which might contribute to early local recurrences despite radical resection. These data suggest that using checkpoint inhibitors targeting anti-inflammatory T cells would be a promising therapeutic strategy in EAC.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00262-020-02517-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Frederick Karstens
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Kempski
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, Center of Internal Medicine, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anastasios D Giannou
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, Center of Internal Medicine, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Penelope Pelczar
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, Center of Internal Medicine, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Babett Steglich
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, Center of Internal Medicine, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eric Freiwald
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Woestemeier
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Konczalla
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Tachezy
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Reeh
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bockhorn
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Perez
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Mann
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, Center of Internal Medicine, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Roesch
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, Center of Internal Medicine, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Samuel Huber
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, Center of Internal Medicine, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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PDL1-targeted vaccine exhibits potent antitumor activity by simultaneously blocking PD1/PDL1 pathway and activating PDL1-specific immune responses. Cancer Lett 2020; 476:170-182. [PMID: 32092355 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the clinical success of immune checkpoint blockade, only a subset of people exhibits durable responses, suggesting that an alternative immunotherapeutic strategy is required. This paper reported a two-in-one cancer vaccine that targets programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) that blocks the PD1/PDL1 pathway and also activates antitumor immune response. The PDL1- NitraTh vaccine, which consists of the extracellular domain of PDL1 and nitrated T cell epitope, effectively broke the immune tolerance of PDL1 and elicited PDL1-specific humoral and cellular immunity. The treatment of PDL1-NitraTh exhibited potent antitumor activity. Moreover, immunization of PDL1 vaccine increased the infiltration of tumor lymphocytes and decreased the proportion of Treg cells in tumor tissues, suggesting that the vaccine may remodel the tumor microenvironment. The upregulation of PDL1 in tumor tissues was induced by PDL1-NitraTh vaccine but not in spleen and lymphomas. This upregulation of PDL1 is beneficial to the antitumor activity of PDL1-specific humoral and cellular immunity induced by PDL1-NitraTh. In summary, PDL1-targeted vaccine exhibits potent antitumor activity and may provide an alternative immunotherapy strategy for patients who are not sensitive to PDL1 antibody drugs.
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Carbotti G, Petretto A, Naschberger E, Stürzl M, Martini S, Mingari MC, Filaci G, Ferrini S, Fabbi M. Cytokine-Induced Guanylate Binding Protein 1 (GBP1) Release from Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E488. [PMID: 32093058 PMCID: PMC7072386 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We showed that IL-27 shares several effects with IFN-γ in human cancer cells. To identify novel extracellular mediators, potentially involved in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) biology, we analyzed the effect of IL-27 or IFN-γ on the secretome of cultured EOC cells by mass-spectrometry (nano-UHPLC-MS/MS). IL-27 and IFN-γ modulate the release of a limited fraction of proteins among those induced in the whole cell. We focused our attention on GBP1, a guanylate-binding protein and GTPase, which mediates several biological activities of IFNs. Cytokine treatment induced GBP1, 2, and 5 expressions in EOC cells, but only GBP1 was secreted. ELISA and immunoblotting showed that cytokine-stimulated EOC cells release full-length GBP1 in vitro, through non-classical pathways, not involving microvesicles. Importantly, full-length GBP1 accumulates in the ascites of most EOC patients and ex-vivo EOC cells show constitutive tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1/3 proteins and GBP1 expression, supporting a role for Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription (STAT)-activating cytokines in vivo. High GBP1 gene expression correlates with better overall survival in the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) dataset of EOC. In addition, GBP1 transfection partially reduced EOC cell viability in an MTT assay. Our data show for the first time that cytokine-stimulated tumor cells release soluble GBP1 in vitro and in vivo and suggest that GBP1 may have anti-tumor effects in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Carbotti
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Biotherapies Unit, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Core Facilities—Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Elisabeth Naschberger
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (E.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (E.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Stefania Martini
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Immunology Unit, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.M.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Immunology Unit, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.M.); (M.C.M.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gilberto Filaci
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Biotherapies Unit, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.C.); (G.F.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Via De Toni 14, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvano Ferrini
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Biotherapies Unit, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Marina Fabbi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Biotherapies Unit, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.C.); (G.F.)
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Wu X, Qu D, Weygant N, Peng J, Houchen CW. Cancer Stem Cell Marker DCLK1 Correlates with Tumorigenic Immune Infiltrates in the Colon and Gastric Adenocarcinoma Microenvironments. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020274. [PMID: 31979136 PMCID: PMC7073156 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy that has proven efficacy in several solid cancers plays a partial role in improving clinical outcomes of advanced gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. There is an unmet need to find new immune-related therapeutic targets. Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) marks tuft cells which are recognized as cancer-initiating cells and regulators of the type II immune response, and has been studied for its role in many cancers including colon and gastric cancers, but its role in tumor immunity remains unexplored. In the current study, we analyzed colon and gastric cancer RNA sequencing data from 283 and 415 patients, respectively, from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). High DCLK1 expression predicted the worse clinical outcomes in colon and gastric cancer patients and correlated with increased immune and stromal components. Further analysis indicated that DCLK1 was strongly linked to infiltration of multiple immune cell types, especially TAMs and Treg, and strongly correlated with increased CD8+ T cell inhibitors TGFB1 and CXCL12 and their receptors, suggesting it may contribute to TAM-mediated inhibition of CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, we found that DCLK1 was a prognostic biomarker in left-sided colon cancer, which has worse outcomes and demonstrates a reduced response to existing immunotherapies. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that DCLK1 is linked with functional regulation of the tumor microenvironment and may have potential as a prognostic biomarker and adjuvant target to promote immunotherapy sensitivity in colon and gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (X.W.); (D.Q.)
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China;
| | - Dongfeng Qu
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (X.W.); (D.Q.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Nathaniel Weygant
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China;
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China;
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (C.W.H.); Tel.: +1-0591-2286-1303 (J.P.); +86-405-271-2175 (C.W.H.); Fax: +1-0591-2286-1157 (J.P.); +86-405-271-5450 (C.W.H.)
| | - Courtney W. Houchen
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (X.W.); (D.Q.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (C.W.H.); Tel.: +1-0591-2286-1303 (J.P.); +86-405-271-2175 (C.W.H.); Fax: +1-0591-2286-1157 (J.P.); +86-405-271-5450 (C.W.H.)
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163
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Isomoto K, Haratani K, Hayashi H, Shimizu S, Tomida S, Niwa T, Yokoyama T, Fukuda Y, Chiba Y, Kato R, Tanizaki J, Tanaka K, Takeda M, Ogura T, Ishida T, Ito A, Nakagawa K. Impact of EGFR-TKI Treatment on the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in EGFR Mutation-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:2037-2046. [PMID: 31937613 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The impact of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) on the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We retrospectively identified 138 patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC who underwent rebiopsy after progression during EGFR-TKI treatment. PD-L1 and CD73 expression in tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density at baseline and after progression were determined by IHC. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) was determined by next-generation sequencing. RESULTS The proportion of patients with a PD-L1 expression level of ≥50% (high) increased from 14% before to 28% after EGFR-TKI (P = 0.0010). Whereas CD8+ and FOXP3+ TIL densities were significantly lower after EGFR-TKI treatment than before, CD8+ TIL density was maintained in tumors with a high PD-L1 expression level. Expression of CD73 in tumor cells after EGFR-TKI treatment was higher than that before in patients with a high PD-L1 expression level. TMB tended to be higher after EGFR-TKI treatment than before (3.3→4.1 mutations/Mbp, P = 0.0508). Median progression-free survival for subsequent treatment with antibodies to PD-1 was longer for patients with a high than for those with a low PD-L1 expression after EGFR-TKI (7.1 vs. 1.7 months, P = 0.0033), and two of five patients whose PD-L1 expression level changed from low to high after EGFR-TKI treatment achieved a PFS of >6 months. CONCLUSIONS EGFR-TKI treatment was associated with changes in the TME of EGFR-mutated NSCLC, and such changes may provide clues for optimization of subsequent PD-1 inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Isomoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Koji Haratani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Shimizu
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Shuta Tomida
- Department of Biobank, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Niwa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yokoyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Fukuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Chiba
- Clinical Research Center, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Junko Tanizaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kishiwada City Hospital, Kishiwada, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tanaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
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164
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Yoshida K, Okamoto M, Sasaki J, Kuroda C, Ishida H, Ueda K, Ideta H, Kamanaka T, Sobajima A, Takizawa T, Tanaka M, Aoki K, Uemura T, Kato H, Haniu H, Saito N. Anti-PD-1 antibody decreases tumour-infiltrating regulatory T cells. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:25. [PMID: 31914969 PMCID: PMC6950856 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are many types of therapies for cancer. In these days, immunotherapies, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, are focused on. Though many types of immune checkpoint inhibitors are there, the difference of effect and its mechanism are unclear. Some reports suggest the response rate of anti-PD-1 antibody is superior to that of anti-PD-L1 antibody and could potentially produce different mechanisms of action. On the other hand, Treg also express PD-1; however, their relationship remains unclear. Methods In this study, we used osteosarcoma cell lines in vitro and osteosarcoma mouse model in vivo. In vitro, we analyzed the effect of IFNγ for expression of PD-L1 on the surface of cell lines by flowcytometry. In vivo, murine osteosarcoma cell line LM8 was subcutaneously transplanted into the dorsum of mice. Mouse anti-PD-1 antibody was intraperitoneally administered. we analysed the effect for survival of anti-PD-1 antibody and proportion of T cells in the tumour by flowcytometry. Results We discovered that IFNγ increased PD-L1 expression on the surface of osteosarcoma cell lines. In assessing the relationship between anti-PD-1 antibody and Treg, we discovered the administration of anti-PD-1 antibody suppresses increases in tumour volume and prolongs overall survival time. In the tumour microenvironment, we found that the administration of anti-PD-1 antibody decreased Treg within the tumour and increased tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. Conclusions Here we clarify for the first time an additional mechanism of anti-tumour effect—as exerted by anti-PD-1 antibody decreasing Treg— we anticipate that our findings will lead to the development of new methods for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushige Yoshida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Jun Sasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Chika Kuroda
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Haruka Ishida
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ueda
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ideta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kamanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sobajima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Takizawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Tanaka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okaya City Hospital, Okaya, Japan
| | - Kaoru Aoki
- Physical Therapy Division, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uemura
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Naoto Saito
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
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165
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Cui J, Wang H, Medina R, Zhang Q, Xu C, Indig IH, Zhou J, Song Q, Dmitriev P, Sun MY, Guo L, Wang Y, Rosenblum JS, Kovach JS, Gilbert MR, Zhuang Z. Inhibition of PP2A with LB-100 Enhances Efficacy of CAR-T Cell Therapy Against Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010139. [PMID: 31935881 PMCID: PMC7017120 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells represent a promising modality for treating glioblastoma. Recently, we demonstrated that CAR-T cells targeting carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a protein involved in HIF-1a hypoxic signaling, is a promising CAR-T cell target in an intracranial murine glioblastoma model. Anti-CAIX CAR-T cell therapy is limited by its suboptimal activation within the tumor microenvironment. LB-100, a small molecular inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), has been shown to enhance T cell anti-tumor activity through activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. Herein, we investigated if a treatment strategy consisting of a combination of LB-100 and anti-CAIX CAR-T cell therapy produced a synergistic anti-tumor effect. Our studies demonstrate that LB-100 enhanced anti-CAIX CAR-T cell treatment efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Our findings demonstrate the role of LB-100 in augmenting the cytotoxic activity of anti-CAIX CAR-T cells and underscore the synergistic therapeutic potential of applying combination LB-100 and CAR-T Cell therapy to other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Herui Wang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rogelio Medina
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chen Xu
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Iris H. Indig
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jingcheng Zhou
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qi Song
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pauline Dmitriev
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mitchell Y. Sun
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Liemei Guo
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jared S. Rosenblum
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John S. Kovach
- Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc., East Setauket, NY 11733, USA
| | - Mark R. Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-240-760-7055
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166
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Abstract
IFNγ is a pleiotropic cytokine that has both antitumor functions and pro-tumorigenic effects. Recent studies have shown that IFNγ induces expression of the immune checkpoint PD-L1 in ovarian cancer (OC) cells, resulting in their increased proliferation and tumor growth. Here, we tested the hypothesis that IFNγ induces migration of OC cells. Using the scratch wound healing assay, our results demonstrate that IFNγ promotes OC cell migration, thus adding to the complexities of IFNγ pro-tumorigenic mechanisms. This chapter describes analysis of the IFNγ-induced migration of OC cells by the wound healing assay followed by quantification of the obtained images using ImageJ software.
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167
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Padmanabhan S, Zou Y, Vancurova I. Flow Cytometry Analysis of Surface PD-L1 Expression Induced by IFNγ and Romidepsin in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2108:221-228. [PMID: 31939184 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0247-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1, CD274) on cancer cells is regulated by interferon-γ (IFNγ) signaling as well as by epigenetic mechanisms. By binding to PD-1 on cytotoxic T cells, PD-L1 inhibits T cell-mediated antitumor responses, resulting in immune escape. This chapter describes analysis of the surface PD-L1 expression in ovarian cancer (OC) cells using flow cytometry (FC). Our data demonstrate that the surface PD-L1 expression in OC cells is induced by IFNγ as well as by the class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition by romidepsin, suggesting that class I HDAC inhibition might provide a useful strategy to modulate the PD-L1 levels on OC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sveta Padmanabhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Yue Zou
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Ivana Vancurova
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.
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168
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Abstract
Despite advanced clinical treatments, mortality in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) remains high. Three critical determinants in CRC progression include the epithelial proliferation checkpoints, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammatory cytokines in the tumour microenvironment. Genes involved in these three processes are regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. Recent studies revealed previously unappreciated roles of non-coding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs) in modulating the proliferation checkpoints, EMT, and inflammatory gene expression in CRC. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms underlying the roles of ncRNAs in CRC as well as examine future perspectives in this field. Better understanding of ncRNA biology will provide novel targets for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyun Ma
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California , San Diego, USA
| | - Tianyun Long
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California , San Diego, USA
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169
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Steenbrugge J, Vander Elst N, Demeyere K, De Wever O, Sanders NN, Van Den Broeck W, Dirix L, Van Laere S, Meyer E. Comparative Profiling of Metastatic 4T1- vs. Non-metastatic Py230-Based Mammary Tumors in an Intraductal Model for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2928. [PMID: 31921184 PMCID: PMC6927949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive carcinoma (IC) in breast cancer can be faithfully reproduced by the intraductal mouse model. Envisaging to use this model for therapeutic testing, we aimed to in-depth characterize the tumor immunity associated with the differential progression of two types of intraductal tumors. More specifically, we focused on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and intraductally inoculated luciferase-expressing metastatic 4T1 and locally invasive Py230 cells in lactating mammary glands of syngeneic BALB/c and C57BL/6 female mice, respectively. Although the aggressive 4T1 cells rapidly formed solid tumors, Py230 tumors eventually grew to a similar size through enhanced proliferation. Yet, ductal tumor cell breakthrough and metastasis occurred earlier in the 4T1- compared to the Py230-based intraductal model and was associated with high expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) as well as an increased influx of immune cells (mainly macrophages, neutrophils and T-cells). Moreover, activated cytotoxic T-cells, B-cells and programmed death-1 (PD-1)-positive cells were more prominent in the 4T1-based intraductal model in line with enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine and gene expression profiles. Py230-based tumors showed a more immunosuppressed anti-inflammatory profile with a high amount of regulatory T-cells, which may account for the decreased T-cell activation but increased proliferation compared to the 4T1-based tumors. Taken together, our results highlight the differential immunological aspects of aggressive metastatic and non-aggressive intraductal progression of 4T1- vs. Py230-based tumors, providing a base for future studies to explore therapy using these intraductal TNBC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Steenbrugge
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Translational Cancer Research Unit Antwerp, Center for Oncological Research, General Hospital Sint-Augustinus, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niels Vander Elst
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kristel Demeyere
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niek N Sanders
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Dirix
- Translational Cancer Research Unit Antwerp, Center for Oncological Research, General Hospital Sint-Augustinus, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Laere
- Translational Cancer Research Unit Antwerp, Center for Oncological Research, General Hospital Sint-Augustinus, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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170
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Shalapour S, Karin M. Pas de Deux: Control of Anti-tumor Immunity by Cancer-Associated Inflammation. Immunity 2019; 51:15-26. [PMID: 31315033 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In many settings, tumor-associated inflammation, supported mainly by innate immune cells, contributes to tumor growth. Initial innate activation triggers secretion of inflammatory, regenerative, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn shape the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Here, we review the current understanding of the intricate dialog between cancer-associated inflammation and anti-tumor immunity. We discuss the changing nature of these interactions during tumor progression and the impact of the tissue environment on the anti-tumor immune response. In this context, we outline important gaps in current understanding by considering basic research and findings in the clinic. The future of cancer immunotherapy and its utility depend on improved understanding of these interactions and the ability to manipulate them in a predictable and beneficial manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Shalapour
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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171
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Hsieh TC, Wu JM. Tumor PD-L1 Induction by Resveratrol/Piceatannol May Function as a Search, Enhance, and Engage ("SEE") Signal to Facilitate the Elimination of "Cold, Non-Responsive" Low PD-L1-Expressing Tumors by PD-L1 Blockade. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235969. [PMID: 31783532 PMCID: PMC6929199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune regulatory protein that facilitates tumor escape from host immune surveillance. In the clinic, tumors with high level of PD-L1 have been used to identify patients who might respond favorably to treatment by anti-PD-L1 antibodies (PD-L1 blockade, PLB). Typically, a progression-free response of 9–20% to PLB has been observed, the basis for the low success rate is largely unknown. Recently, we show upregulation of PD-L1 in cancer cells by ≥IC50 supra-pharmacological dose of grape polyphenol resveratrol and piceatannol, alone and combined. Herein, we summarize recent published studies on the regulation of tumor PD-L1 by flavonoids and grape polyphenols. We hypothesize that the induced tumor PD-L1 by resveratrol and/or piceatannol may serve as a Search, Enhance, and Engage (“SEE”) signal to sensitize and augment the recognition and detection of low PD-L1-expressing “cold, non-responsive” tumors. The “SEE” strategy enhances the “visibility” of previously unidentified tumor cells for targeting and eventual eradication by the host antitumor activity. This strategy expands the selection criteria for patients with improved sensitivity and potential responsiveness when used in combination with PLB. The modulation of tumor PD-L1 by flavonoids or polyphenols is proposed to improve the response to PLB in low PD-L1 tumors.
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172
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Xiao G, Jin LL, Liu CQ, Wang YC, Meng YM, Zhou ZG, Chen J, Yu XJ, Zhang YJ, Xu J, Zheng L. EZH2 negatively regulates PD-L1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:300. [PMID: 31727135 PMCID: PMC6854886 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0784-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating studies suggest that targeting epigenetic modifications could improve the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy; however, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the ability of the epigenetic modifier, enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2), to regulate the expression of immune checkpoint inhibitor, programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunofluorescence staining were performed to analyze the expression and correlation of EZH2 and PD-L1 in HCC tissues. Immunoblotting, quantitative real-time PCR, flow cytometry, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were performed to evaluate the regulatory roles of EZH2 on PD-L1 expression. Results In vitro cell experiments revealed that EZH2 negatively regulated the PD-L1 expression of hepatoma cell lines in IFNγ-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that EZH2 could suppress PD-L1 expression by upregulating the H3K27me3 levels on the promoters of CD274 (encoding PD-L1) and interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), an essential transcription factor for PD-L1 expression, without affecting the activation of the IFNγ-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) pathway. Clinical samples from HCC patients with immune-activated microenvironments showed negative correlations between EZH2 and PD-L1 expression in hepatoma cells. Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that the combination of EZH2 and PD-L1 was an independent prognostic factor for both OS and RFS for patients with HCC. Conclusions The epigenetic modificator EZH2 can suppress the expression of immune checkpoint inhibitor PD-L1 by directly upregulating the promoter H3K27me3 levels of CD274 and IRF1 in hepatoma cells, and might serve as a potential therapeutic target for combination of immunotherapy for immune-activated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Lian Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Qun Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Chun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ming Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Guo Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Juan Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Jun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Limin Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.
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173
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Approaches to treat immune hot, altered and cold tumours with combination immunotherapies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:197-218. [PMID: 30610226 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-018-0007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1843] [Impact Index Per Article: 368.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies are the most rapidly growing drug class and have a major impact in oncology and on human health. It is increasingly clear that the effectiveness of immunomodulatory strategies depends on the presence of a baseline immune response and on unleashing of pre-existing immunity. Therefore, a general consensus emerged on the central part played by effector T cells in the antitumour responses. Recent technological, analytical and mechanistic advances in immunology have enabled the identification of patients who are more likely to respond to immunotherapy. In this Review, we focus on defining hot, altered and cold tumours, the complexity of the tumour microenvironment, the Immunoscore and immune contexture of tumours, and we describe approaches to treat such tumours with combination immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors. In the upcoming era of combination immunotherapy, it is becoming critical to understand the mechanisms responsible for hot, altered or cold immune tumours in order to boost a weak antitumour immunity. The impact of combination therapy on the immune response to convert an immune cold into a hot tumour will be discussed.
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174
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Li G, Gao Y, Gong C, Han Z, Qiang L, Tai Z, Tian J, Gao S. Dual-Blockade Immune Checkpoint for Breast Cancer Treatment Based on a Tumor-Penetrating Peptide Assembling Nanoparticle. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:39513-39524. [PMID: 31599562 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy can enhance the antitumor effect of drugs through a combinatorial approach in a synergistic manner. However, the effective targeted delivery of various drugs remains a challenge. We generated a peptide assembling tumor-targeted nanodelivery system based on a breast cancer homing and penetrating peptide for the codelivery of a programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) small interfering RNA (siRNA) (siPD-L1) and an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitor as a dual blockade of an immune checkpoint. The vector is capable of specifically accumulating in the breast cancer tumor site in a way that allows the siRNA to escape from endosomal vesicles after being endocytosed by tumor cells. The drug within these cells then acts to block tryptophan metabolism. The results showed that locally released siPD-L1 and 1-methyl-dl-tryptophan favor the survival and activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, resulting in apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Therefore, this study provides a potential approach for treating breast cancer by blocking immunological checkpoints through the assembly of micelles with functional peptides.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell-Penetrating Peptides/chemistry
- Cell-Penetrating Peptides/pharmacokinetics
- Cell-Penetrating Peptides/pharmacology
- Cell-Penetrating Peptides/therapeutic use
- Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Female
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Nanoparticles/therapeutic use
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/chemistry
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacokinetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Tryptophan/analogs & derivatives
- Tryptophan/chemistry
- Tryptophan/pharmacokinetics
- Tryptophan/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Li
- Department of Pharmacy , Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Management , Fudan University School of Pharmacy , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Chunai Gong
- Department of Pharmacy , Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200011 , P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Han
- Department of Pharmacy , Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Lei Qiang
- Department of Pharmacy , Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Zongguang Tai
- Department of Pharmacy , Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Pharmacy , Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Shen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy , Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
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175
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Kwak SY, Lee S, Han HD, Chang S, Kim KP, Ahn HJ. PLGA Nanoparticles Codelivering siRNAs against Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 and Its Ligand Gene for Suppression of Colon Tumor Growth. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4940-4953. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seo Young Kwak
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | | | - Hee Dong Han
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, South Korea
| | - Suhwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | | | - Hyung Jun Ahn
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
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176
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Liu H, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Li Y, Jain A, Barve A, Jin W, Liu Y, Fetse J, Cheng K. Discovery of low-molecular weight anti-PD-L1 peptides for cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:270. [PMID: 31640814 PMCID: PMC6805442 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors, especially PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, has now evolved into the most promising therapy for cancer patients. However, most of these inhibitors are monoclonal antibodies, and their large size may limit their tumor penetration, leading to suboptimal efficacy. As a result, there has been a growing interest in developing low-molecular-weight checkpoint inhibitors. Methods We developed a novel biopanning strategy to discover small peptide-based anti-PD-L1 inhibitors. The affinity and specificity of the peptides to PD-L1 were examined using various assays. Three-dimensional (3D) spheroid penetration study was performed to determine the tumor penetration capability of the peptides. Anti-tumor activity of the peptides was evaluated in mice bearing CT26 tumor cells. Results We discover several anti-PD-L1 peptide inhibitors to block PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. The peptides exhibit high affinity and specificity to human PD-L1 protein as well as PD-L1-overexpressing human cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and DU-145. Molecular docking studies indicate that the peptide CLP002 specifically binds to PD-L1 at the residues where PD-L1 interacts with PD-1. The peptide also blocks the CD80/PD-L1 interaction, which may further enhance the immune response of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Compared to antibody, the peptide CLP002 exhibits better tumor penetration in a 3D tumor spheroid model. The peptide CLP002 restores proliferation and prevents apoptosis of T cells that are co-cultured with cancer cells. The peptide CLP002 also inhibits tumor growth and increases survival of CT26 tumor-bearing mice. Conclusions This study demonstrated the feasibility of using phage display to discover small peptide-based checkpoint inhibitors. Our results also suggested that the anti-PD-L1 peptide represents a promising low-molecular-weight checkpoint inhibitor for cancer immunotherapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-019-0705-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Yuanke Li
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Akshay Jain
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Ashutosh Barve
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Wei Jin
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Yanli Liu
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - John Fetse
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Kun Cheng
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
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177
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Sivakumar R, Chan M, Shin JS, Nishida-Aoki N, Kenerson HL, Elemento O, Beltran H, Yeung R, Gujral TS. Organotypic tumor slice cultures provide a versatile platform for immuno-oncology and drug discovery. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1670019. [PMID: 31741771 PMCID: PMC6844320 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1670019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Organotypic tumor slices represent a physiologically-relevant culture system for studying the tumor microenvironment. Systematic characterization of the tumor slice culture system will enable its effective application for translational research. Here, using flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping, we performed a comprehensive characterization of the immune cell composition in organotypic tumor slices prepared from four syngeneic mouse tumor models and a human liver tumor. We found that the immune cell compositions of organotypic tumor slices prepared on the same day as the tumor cores were harvested are similar. Differences were primarily observed in the lymphocyte population of a clinical hepatocellular carcinoma case. Viable populations of immune cells persisted in the tumor slices for 7 days. Despite some changes in the immune cell populations, we showed the utility of mouse tumor slices for assessing responses to immune-modulatory agents. Further, we demonstrated the ability to use patient-derived xenograft tumor slices for assessing responses to targeted and cytotoxic drugs. Overall, tumor slices provide a broadly useful platform for studying the tumor microenvironment and evaluating the preclinical efficacy of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Sivakumar
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marina Chan
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jiye Stella Shin
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nao Nishida-Aoki
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heidi L Kenerson
- Department of Surgery, University of Was hington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Englander Institute of Precision medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raymond Yeung
- Department of Surgery, University of Was hington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Taranjit S Gujral
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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178
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Hong Y, Kim YK, Kim GB, Nam GH, Kim SA, Park Y, Yang Y, Kim IS. Degradation of tumour stromal hyaluronan by small extracellular vesicle-PH20 stimulates CD103 + dendritic cells and in combination with PD-L1 blockade boosts anti-tumour immunity. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1670893. [PMID: 31632619 PMCID: PMC6781230 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1670893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly accumulated hyaluronan (HA) not only provides a physiological barrier but also supports an immune-suppressive tumour microenvironment. High-molecular-weight (HMW)-HA inhibits the activation of immune cells and their access into tumour tissues, whereas, low-molecular-weight oligo-HA is known to potentially activate dendritic cells (DCs). In this paper, we investigated whether small extracellular vesicle (EVs)-PH20 hyaluronidase induces tumour HA degradation, which, in turn, activates DCs to promote anti-cancer immune responses. Informed by our previous work, we used a small EV carrying GPI-anchored PH20 hyaluronidase (Exo-PH20) that could deeply penetrate into tumour foci via HA degradation. We found that Exo-PH20-treatment successfully activates the maturation and migration of DCs in vivo, particularly CD103+ DCs leading to the activation of tumour-specific CD8+ T cells, which work together to inhibit tumour growth. Moreover, combination with anti-PD-L1 antibody provided potent tumour-specific CD8+ T cell immune responses as well as elicited prominent tumour growth inhibition both in syngenic and spontaneous breast cancer models, and this anti-tumour immunity was durable. Together, these results present new insights for HA degradation by Exo-PH20, providing a better understanding of oligo HA-triggered immune responses to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsun Hong
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyoung Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Beom Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Hoon Nam
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong A Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Park
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosoo Yang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-San Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
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179
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Toyoshima Y, Kitamura H, Xiang H, Ohno Y, Homma S, Kawamura H, Takahashi N, Kamiyama T, Tanino M, Taketomi A. IL6 Modulates the Immune Status of the Tumor Microenvironment to Facilitate Metastatic Colonization of Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1944-1957. [PMID: 31554639 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is unknown as to how liver metastases are correlated with host immune status in colorectal cancer. In this study, we found that IL6, a proinflammatory cytokine produced in tumor-bearing states, promoted the metastatic colonization of colon cancer cells in association with dysfunctional antitumor immunity. In IL6-deficient mice, metastatic colonization of CT26 cells in the liver was reduced, and the antitumor effector function of CD8+ T cells, as well as IL12 production by CD11c+ dendritic cells, were augmented in vivo IL6-deficient mice exhibited enhanced IFN-AR1-mediated type I interferon signaling, which upregulated PD-L1 and MHC class I expression on CT26 cells. In vivo injection of anti-PD-L1 effectively suppressed the metastatic colonization of CT26 cells in Il6 -/- but not in Il6 +/+ mice. Finally, we confirmed that colorectal cancer patients with low IL6 expression in their primary tumors showed prolonged disease-free survival. These findings suggest that IL6 may be a promising target for the treatment of metastasis in colorectal cancers by improving host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Toyoshima
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Kitamura
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Huihui Xiang
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ohno
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigenori Homma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideki Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Kamiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mishie Tanino
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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180
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Wang C, Wang J, Zhang X, Yu S, Wen D, Hu Q, Ye Y, Bomba H, Hu X, Liu Z, Dotti G, Gu Z. In situ formed reactive oxygen species-responsive scaffold with gemcitabine and checkpoint inhibitor for combination therapy. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/429/eaan3682. [PMID: 29467299 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan3682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients with low-immunogenic tumors respond poorly to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) targeting the programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway. Conversely, patients responding to ICB can experience various side effects. We have thus engineered a therapeutic scaffold that, when formed in situ, allows the local release of gemcitabine (GEM) and an anti-PD-L1 blocking antibody (aPDL1) with distinct release kinetics. The scaffold consists of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-degradable hydrogel that releases therapeutics in a programmed manner within the tumor microenvironment (TME), which contains abundant ROS. We found that the aPDL1-GEM scaffold elicits an immunogenic tumor phenotype and promotes an immune-mediated tumor regression in the tumor-bearing mice, with prevention of tumor recurrence after primary resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jinqiang Wang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shuangjiang Yu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Di Wen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Quanyin Hu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yanqi Ye
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hunter Bomba
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xiuli Hu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. .,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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181
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IFN-γ restores the impaired function of RNase L and induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:642. [PMID: 31501431 PMCID: PMC6733796 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RNase L is an essential component in interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral signaling that showed antitumor effects in cancer. Cancer immunotherapy based on interferon has achieved encouraging results that indicate an applicable potential for cancer therapy. Here we showed that function of RNase L, though highly upregulated, was functionally impaired both in nuclear and cytoplasm in lung cancer cells. In normal lung epithelial cells, RNase L activation induced by 2–5A promoted nuclear condensation, DNA cleavage, and cell apoptosis, while in lung cancer cells, these processes were inhibited and RNase L-mediated downregulation of fibrillarin, Topo I and hnRNP A1 was also impaired in lung cancer cells. Moreover, the impairment of RNase L in lung cancer cells was due to the elevated expression of RLI. Application of IFN-γ to lung cancer cells led to enhanced expression of RNase L that compensated the RLI inhibition and restored the cytoplasmic and nuclear function of RNase L, leading to apoptosis of lung cancer cells. Thus, the present study discovered the impaired function and mechanism of RNase L in lung cancer cells and proved the efficacy of IFN-γ in restoring RNase L function and inducing apoptosis in the lung cancer cell. These results indicated the RNase L as a therapeutic target in lung cancer cells and immunotherapy of IFN-γ may serve as an adjuvant to enhance the efficacy.
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182
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Huynh V, Wylie RG. Displacement Affinity Release of Antibodies from Injectable Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:30648-30660. [PMID: 31381850 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Current methods to tune release rates of therapeutic antibodies (Abs) for local delivery are complex and routinely require bioconjugations that may reduce Ab bioactivity. To rapidly tune release profiles of bioactive Abs, we developed a biophysical interaction system within a neutravidin modified poly(carboxybetaine) hydrogel (pCB-NT) that tunes release rates of desthiobiotinylated Abs (D-Abs) using a constant hydrogel and D-Ab combination. Herein, we delivered desthiobiotinylated bevacizumab (D-Bv), a recombinant humanized monoclonal IgG1 Ab for antiangiogenic cancer therapies. D-Bv's high affinity for pCB-NT (KD 7.8 × 10-10 M; t1/2 ∼ 2 h) produces a slow D-Bv release rate (∼5 ng day-1) that is increased by the dissolution of hydrogel encapsulated biotin derivative pellets, which displaces D-Bv from pCB-NT binding sites. In contrast to traditional affinity systems, displacement affinity release of Abs (DARA) does not require Ab or hydrogel modifications for each unique release rate. D-Bv release rates were tuned by simply altering the total biotin derivative concentration; the effective first-order (keff) and mass per day release rates were tuned 25- and 8-fold, respectively. Local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and biolayer interferometry (BLI) confirmed the D-Bv binding affinity for the corresponding ligand and Fc receptor, demonstrating that the biophysical interaction system is amenable to anticancer Abs for receptor or cytokine blockade and immune cell recruitment to cancer cells.
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183
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Chon HJ, Kim H, Noh JH, Yang H, Lee WS, Kong SJ, Lee SJ, Lee YS, Kim WR, Kim JH, Kim G, Kim C. STING signaling is a potential immunotherapeutic target in colorectal cancer. J Cancer 2019; 10:4932-4938. [PMID: 31598165 PMCID: PMC6775531 DOI: 10.7150/jca.32806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) is an innate immune sensor for cytosolic DNA. STING signaling activation is indispensable for type I interferon response and the anti-cancer immune response by CD8+ T cells. The aim of this study was to characterize intratumoral STING expression pattern and its clinical implication in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: We analyzed STING and CD8 expression in 225 CRC patients who underwent surgical resection. Clinicopathological variables and survival outcomes were analyzed according to STING expression levels. Mice with syngeneic MC38 tumors were also treated with a STING agonist, and tumor microenvironments were analyzed using immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry. Results: Distinct STING expression was observed in the CRC tumor specimens. Patients with higher STING expression had early stage cancer with increased intratumoral CD8+ T cell infiltration and less frequent lymphovascular invasion. Compared to CRC patients with lower STING expression, those with higher STING expression had longer overall and recurrence-free survival. Multivariate Cox regression model also revealed higher STING expression to be an independent prognostic factor for better overall survival. When MC38 colon tumors were treated with intratumoral injection of STING agonist, tumor growth was remarkably suppressed with increased intratumoral CD8+ T cell infiltration. Moreover, T-cell activation markers, ICOS and IFN-γ, were also upregulated in CD8+ T cells, indicating enhanced effector T cell function after STING treatment. Conclusion: We confirmed the distinct STING expression in CRC and demonstrated its independent prognostic value in survival outcomes. STING could be a potential therapeutic target that enhances anti-cancer immune response in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jae Chon
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea.,CHA Medical School, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyojoong Kim
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Noh
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea.,CHA Medical School, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hannah Yang
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea
| | - So Jung Kong
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seung Jun Lee
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yu Seong Lee
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Woo Ram Kim
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joo Hang Kim
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Gwangil Kim
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea.,CHA Medical School, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chan Kim
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea.,CHA Medical School, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
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184
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Ke M, Zhang Z, Xu B, Zhao S, Ding Y, Wu X, Wu R, Lv Y, Dong J. Baicalein and baicalin promote antitumor immunity by suppressing PD-L1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105824. [PMID: 31437792 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Blocking the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway to prevent the immune evasion of tumor cells is a powerful approach for treating multiple cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous studies have shown that baicalein and baicalin are directly cytotoxic to some tumors, here we demonstrate that in addition to direct cytotoxicity, these two flavonoids stimulate the T cell mediated immune response against tumors through reduction of PD-L1 expression in cancer cells. Interestingly, more significant tumor regression was observed in BALB/c mice than in BALB/c-nu/nu mice after baicalein and baicalin treatment. PD-L1 upregulation induced by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was significantly inhibited by these two flavonoids in vitro. Both baicalein and baicalin enhanced the cytotoxicity of T cells to eliminate tumor cells, which was abrogated after HCC cells were transfected with a PD-L1 overexpression plasmid or after T cells were pretreated with an anti-PD-1 blocking antibody. Further mechanistic research indicated that the IFN-γ-induced expression and promoter activity of PD-L1 were suppressed by these two flavonoids, and these effects were mediated by STAT3 activity inhibition. Therefore, baicalein and baicalin decreased STAT3 activity, further downregulated IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression and subsequently restored T cell sensitivity to kill tumor cells. Our findings provide novel insight into the anticancer effects of baicalein and baicalin through which tumor growth is inhibited by PD-L1 expression downregulation and suggest that these flavonoids have great potential for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Ke
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China; Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Biyi Xu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China; Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shidi Zhao
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China; Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yiming Ding
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China; Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoning Wu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China; Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rongqian Wu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China; Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Yi Lv
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China; Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Jian Dong
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China; Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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185
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The Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081172. [PMID: 31416205 PMCID: PMC6721633 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current standard-of-care for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) includes chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic or anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies, even though the addition of anti-angiogenic agents to backbone chemotherapy provides little benefit for overall survival. Since the approval of anti-angiogenic monoclonal antibodies bevacizumab and aflibercept, for the management of mCRC over a decade ago, extensive efforts have been devoted to discovering predictive factors of the anti-angiogenic response, unsuccessfully. Recent evidence has suggested a potential correlation between angiogenesis and immune phenotypes associated with colorectal cancer. Here, we review evidence of interactions between tumor angiogenesis, the immune microenvironment, and metabolic reprogramming. More specifically, we will highlight such interactions as inferred from our novel immune-metabolic (IM) signature, which groups mCRC into three distinct clusters, namely inflamed-stromal-dependent (IM Cluster 1), inflamed-non stromal-dependent (IM Cluster 2), and non-inflamed or cold (IM Cluster 3), and discuss the merits of the IM classification as a guide to new immune-metabolic combinatorial therapeutic strategies in mCRC.
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186
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Kodumudi KN, Ramamoorthi G, Snyder C, Basu A, Jia Y, Awshah S, Beyer AP, Wiener D, Lam L, Zhang H, Greene MI, Costa RLB, Czerniecki BJ. Sequential Anti-PD1 Therapy Following Dendritic Cell Vaccination Improves Survival in a HER2 Mammary Carcinoma Model and Identifies a Critical Role for CD4 T Cells in Mediating the Response. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1939. [PMID: 31475002 PMCID: PMC6702967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with metastatic HER2 breast cancer (MBC) often become resistant to HER 2 targeted therapy and have recurrence of disease. The Panacea trial suggested that HER2 MBC patients were more likely to respond to checkpoint therapy if TIL were present or if tumor expressed PD-L1. We assessed whether type I polarized dendritic cells (DC1) could improve checkpoint therapy in a preclinical model of HER2+ breast cancer. TUBO bearing mice were vaccinated with either MHC class I or class II HER2 peptide pulsed DC1 (class I or class II HER2-DC1) concurrently or sequentially with administration of anti-PD-1 or anti-PDL1. Infiltration of tumors by immune cells, induction of anti-HER2 immunity and response to therapy was evaluated. Class I or class II HER2-DC1 vaccinated mice generated anti-HER2 CD8 or CD4+ T cell immune responses and demonstrated delayed tumor growth. Combining both MHC class I and II HER2-pulsed DC1 did not further result in inhibition of tumor growth or enhanced survival compared to individual administration. Interestingly class II HER2-DC1 led to both increased CD4 and CD8 T cells in the tumor microenvironment while class I peptides typically resulted in only increased CD8 T cells. Anti-PD-1 but not anti-PD-L1 administered sequentially with class I or class II HER2-DC1 vaccine could improve the efficacy of HER2-DC1 vaccine as measured by tumor growth, survival, infiltration of tumors by T cells and increase in systemic anti-HER2 immune responses. Depletion of CD4+ T cells abrogated the anti-tumor efficacy of combination therapy with class II HER2-DC1 and anti-PD-1, suggesting that tumor regression was CD4 dependent. Since class II HER2-DC1 was as effective as class I, we combined class II HER2-DC1 vaccine with anti-rat neu antibodies and anti-PD-1 therapy. Combination therapy demonstrated further delay in tumor growth, and enhanced survival compared to control mice. In summary, Class II HER2-DC1 drives both a CD4 and CD8 T cell tumor infiltration that leads to increased survival, and in combination with anti-HER2 therapy and checkpoint blockade can improve survival in preclinical models of HER2 positive breast cancer and warrants exploration in patients with HER2 MBC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Transgenic
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Survival Analysis
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Burden/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika N. Kodumudi
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ganesan Ramamoorthi
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Colin Snyder
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Amrita Basu
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Yongsheng Jia
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Breast Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Sabrina Awshah
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Amber P. Beyer
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Doris Wiener
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Lian Lam
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mark I. Greene
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ricardo L. B. Costa
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Brian J. Czerniecki
- Clinical Science & Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
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187
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Witek Janusek L, Tell D, Mathews HL. Mindfulness based stress reduction provides psychological benefit and restores immune function of women newly diagnosed with breast cancer: A randomized trial with active control. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:358-373. [PMID: 30953776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women newly diagnosed with breast cancer experience psychological distress, accompanied by reduced Natural Killer Cell Activity (NKCA) and altered levels of cytokines, which may compromise cancer control. Few studies have evaluated psycho-immune outcomes of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for women newly diagnosed with breast cancer in comparison to an active control condition. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether MBSR benefits psychological, behavioral, and immunological function in women recently diagnosed with breast cancer. DESIGN After confirmation of breast cancer staging, women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer (n = 192) were randomized to an 8-week MBSR program or an 8-week active control condition (ACC). The ACC consisted of a series of cancer recovery and health education classes. Both MBSR and the ACC were administered in group format. METHODS Women completed psychometric instruments and provided blood for NKCA and cytokine levels at pre-, mid-, and completion of program, as well as at 1- and 6-months post-program. One hundred and twenty four women completed all five-assessments (MBSR, n = 63; ACC, n = 61). Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze trajectories of outcomes over time and between groups. RESULTS Compared to the ACC group, women randomized to MBSR exhibited decreasing trajectories of perceived stress, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms. Further, compared to women randomized to ACC, MBSR women exhibited trajectories demonstrating significantly more rapid restoration of NKCA, accompanied by lower circulating TNF-alpha levels, lower IL-6 production, and greater IFN-gamma production. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate early provision of MBSR for women newly diagnosed with breast cancer provides not only psychological benefit, but also optimizes immune function supportive of cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Witek Janusek
- Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Department of Health Promotion, Loyola University Chicago, Health Science Division, 2160 South First Ave., Maywood, IL 60153, United States.
| | - Dina Tell
- Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Department of Health Promotion, Loyola University Chicago, Health Science Division, 2160 South First Ave., Maywood, IL 60153, United States
| | - Herbert L Mathews
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Health Science Division, 2160 South First Ave., Maywood, IL 60153, United States
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188
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Portella L, Scala S. Ionizing radiation effects on the tumor microenvironment. Semin Oncol 2019; 46:254-260. [PMID: 31383368 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The broad use of radiotherapy (RT) in the management of solid human tumors is based on its ability to damage cellular macromolecules, particularly the DNA, effectively inducing growth arrest and cell death locally in irradiated tumor cells. However, bystander effects, such as the transmission of lethal signals between cells via gap junctions or the production of diffusible cytotoxic mediators, can also contribute to the local antineoplastic action of RT. Traditionally, RT has been considered to exert immunosuppressive effects on the host. This idea largely stems from the radiosensitivity of quiescent lymphocytes and on the use of total body irradiation as part of myeloablative conditioning regimens preceding hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Additionally, the occurrence of the so-called "abscopal effect," where nonirradiated distant lesions display effects of RT response, suggests that RT may also induce tumor immunization. Several RT-induced effects on cancer, immune and stromal cells, contribute to the abscopal effect: (1) induction of "immunogenic cell death", with release of tumor-associated antigens, (2) alterations of cancer cell immunophenotype, and (3) modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Damage and death of cancer cells leads to the surface exposure of immunogenic molecules as well as the release of damage associated molecular patterns such as adenosine triphosphate or High-Mobility-Group-Protein B1, and potentially tumor antigens that activate the innate and adaptive immune systems. Moreover, nuclear release and cytoplasmic sensing of altered nucleic acids via cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase/Stimulator of Interferon Genes is connected to the secretion of cytokines that support innate and adaptive antitumor immunity. As a result of the above, irradiated tumor cells may potentially act as an "in situ vaccine."
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Portella
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy.
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189
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Yang H, Lee WS, Kong SJ, Kim CG, Kim JH, Chang SK, Kim S, Kim G, Chon HJ, Kim C. STING activation reprograms tumor vasculatures and synergizes with VEGFR2 blockade. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:4350-4364. [PMID: 31343989 DOI: 10.1172/jci125413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway is a critical link between innate and adaptive immunity, and induces anti-tumor immune responses. STING is expressed in vasculatures, but its role in tumor angiogenesis has not been elucidated. Here we investigated STING-induced tumor vascular remodeling and the potential of STING-based combination immunotherapy. Endothelial STING expression was correlated with enhanced T-cell infiltration and prolonged survival in human colon and breast cancer. Intratumoral STING activation with STING agonists (cGAMP or RR-CDA) normalized tumor vasculatures in implanted and spontaneous cancers, but not in STING-deficient mice. These were mediated by upregulation of type I/II interferon genes and vascular stabilizing genes (e.g., Angpt1, Pdgfrb, and Col4a). STING in non-hematopoietic cells is as important as STING in hematopoietic cells to induce a maximal therapeutic efficacy of exogenous STING agonist. Vascular normalizing effects of STING agonists were dependent on type I interferon signaling and CD8+ T cells. Notably, STING-based immunotherapy was maximally effective when combined with VEGFR2 blockade and/or immune checkpoint blockade (αPD-1 or αCTLA-4), leading to complete regression of immunotherapy-resistant tumors. Our data show that intratumoral STING activation can normalize tumor vasculature and the tumor microenvironment, providing a rationale for combining STING-based immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Yang
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - So Jung Kong
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Chang Gon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joo Hoon Kim
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | | | - Sewha Kim
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Gwangil Kim
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hong Jae Chon
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Chan Kim
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
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190
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Dong W, Wu X, Ma S, Wang Y, Nalin AP, Zhu Z, Zhang J, Benson DM, He K, Caligiuri MA, Yu J. The Mechanism of Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Efficacy against PD-L1-Negative Tumors Identifies NK Cells Expressing PD-L1 as a Cytolytic Effector. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:1422-1437. [PMID: 31340937 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells via anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) has shown great promise for successful cancer treatment by overcoming T-cell exhaustion; however, the function of PD-L1 on natural killer (NK) cells and the effects of anti-PD-L1 mAb on PD-L1+ NK cells remain unknown. Moreover, patients with PD-L1 - tumors can respond favorably to anti-PD-L1 mAb therapy for unclear reasons. Here, we show that some tumors can induce PD-L1 on NK cells via AKT signaling, resulting in enhanced NK-cell function and preventing cell exhaustion. Anti-PD-L1 mAb directly acts on PD-L1+ NK cells against PD-L1 - tumors via a p38 pathway. Combination therapy with anti-PD-L1 mAb and NK cell-activating cytokines significantly improves the therapeutic efficacy of human NK cells against PD-L1 - human leukemia when compared with monotherapy. Our discovery of a PD-1-independent mechanism of antitumor efficacy via the activation of PD-L1+ NK cells with anti-PD-L1 mAb offers new insights into NK-cell activation and provides a potential explanation as to why some patients lacking PD-L1 expression on tumor cells still respond to anti-PD-L1 mAb therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Targeting PD-L1 expressed on PD-L1+ tumors with anti-PD-L1 mAb successfully overcomes T-cell exhaustion to control cancer, yet patients with PD-L1 - tumors can respond to anti-PD-L1 mAb. Here, we show that anti-PD-L1 mAb activates PD-L1+ NK cells to control growth of PD-L1 - tumors in vivo, and does so independent of PD-1.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1325.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Dong
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Xiaojin Wu
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shoubao Ma
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ansel P Nalin
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Don M Benson
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kai He
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California. .,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.,Department of Immuno-Oncology, Duarte, California.,City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California. .,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.,Department of Immuno-Oncology, Duarte, California.,City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
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191
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Expression of PD-L1 on Immune Cells Shows Better Prognosis in Laryngeal, Oropharygeal, and Hypopharyngeal Cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 26:e79-e85. [PMID: 29271789 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite great enthusiasm towards immunotherapy, reliable biomarkers are still lacking. The importance of subsets based on human papillomavirus (HPV) status is supported by a growing body of evidence. However, role of other possible subgroups such as anatomic localization of primary tumor remains controversial. Our objective was to investigate immune cell infiltrate and checkpoint inhibitor proteins in above-mentioned head and neck cancer subsets. Archival tumor samples of 106 laryngeal, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal cancer patients were stained with PD-L1, PD-L2, PD-1, and CTLA-4 antibodies. Proportion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was assessed as well. In HPV-negative tumors, PD-L1 immune cell positivity was associated with better disease-specific survival. PD-L1 expression on immune cells correlated with improved disease-specific survival in laryngeal tumors. Furthermore, PD-L1 immune cell positivity correlated with CTLA-4 expression on immune cells and it was accompanied by high tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte rate. PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and PD-1 status showed strong correlation in all patients and in oropharyngeal and laryngeal localization, but not in hypopharynx. HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancers showed negative PD-L1 status on tumor cells. CTLA-4 positivity was observed in 49.5% and 20.6% on immune cells and on tumor cells, respectively. We concluded that PD-L1 expression on immune cells indicates better prognosis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and in HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We have not found any essential differences between anatomic subgroups. A possibly distinct role of hypopharyngeal localization regarding immune activity requires further clarification.
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192
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Kaseb AO, Vence L, Blando J, Yadav SS, Ikoma N, Pestana RC, Vauthey JN, Allison JP, Sharma P. Immunologic Correlates of Pathologic Complete Response to Preoperative Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1390-1395. [PMID: 31289040 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), surgical resection is associated with high recurrence rate, and no effective adjuvant therapy currently exists. We initiated a pilot randomized trial of perioperative immunotherapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab for resectable HCC. Here, we provide an illustrative report of a case that achieved a complete response and report immunologic correlates of this complete pathologic response to perioperative immunotherapy. Clinical response was correlated with an increase in CD8+ T-cell infiltration, with an increase in two effector T-cell clusters. This study is ongoing, and the final results may contribute to a paradigm shift in the perioperative treatment of HCC, leading to the incorporation of immunotherapy in the curative setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Omar Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Luis Vence
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jorge Blando
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shalini S Yadav
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Naruhiko Ikoma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Jean Nicolas Vauthey
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - James P Allison
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Padmanee Sharma
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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193
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Abstract
Anticancer immunotherapies involving the use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors or adoptive cellular transfer have emerged as new therapeutic pillars within oncology. These treatments function by overcoming or relieving tumour-induced immunosuppression, thereby enabling immune-mediated tumour clearance. While often more effective and better tolerated than traditional and targeted therapies, many patients have innate or acquired resistance to immunotherapies. Cancer immunoediting is the process whereby the immune system can both constrain and promote tumour development, which proceeds through three phases termed elimination, equilibrium and escape. Throughout these phases, tumour immunogenicity is edited, and immunosuppressive mechanisms that enable disease progression are acquired. The mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy seem to broadly overlap with those used by cancers as they undergo immunoediting to evade detection by the immune system. In this Review, we discuss how a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the cancer immunoediting process can provide insight into the development of resistance to immunotherapies and the strategies that can be used to overcome such resistance.
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194
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Zuo X, Deguchi Y, Xu W, Liu Y, Li HS, Wei D, Tian R, Chen W, Xu M, Yang Y, Gao S, Jaoude JC, Liu F, Chrieki SP, Moussalli MJ, Gagea M, Sebastian MM, Zheng X, Tan D, Broaddus R, Wang J, Ajami NJ, Swennes AG, Watowich SS, Shureiqi I. PPARD and Interferon Gamma Promote Transformation of Gastric Progenitor Cells and Tumorigenesis in Mice. Gastroenterology 2019; 157:163-178. [PMID: 30885780 PMCID: PMC6581611 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) regulates cell metabolism, proliferation, and inflammation and has been associated with gastric and other cancers. Villin-positive epithelial cells are a small population of quiescent gastric progenitor cells. We expressed PPARD from a villin promoter to investigate the role of these cells and PPARD in development of gastric cancer. METHODS We analyzed gastric tissues from mice that express the Ppard (PPARD1 and PPARD2 mice) from a villin promoter, and mice that did not carry this transgene (controls), by histology and immunohistochemistry. We performed cell lineage-tracing experiments and analyzed the microbiomes, chemokine and cytokine production, and immune cells and transcriptomes of stomachs of these mice. We also performed immunohistochemical analysis of PPARD levels in 2 sets of human gastric tissue microarrays. RESULTS Thirty-eight percent of PPARD mice developed spontaneous, invasive gastric adenocarcinomas, with severe chronic inflammation. Levels of PPARD were increased in human gastric cancer tissues, compared with nontumor tissues, and associated with gastric cancer stage and grade. We found an inverse correlation between level of PPARD in tumor tissue and patient survival time. Gastric microbiomes from PPARD and control mice did not differ significantly. Lineage-tracing experiments identified villin-expressing gastric progenitor cells (VGPCs) as the origin of gastric tumors in PPARD mice. In these mice, PPARD up-regulated CCL20 and CXCL1, which increased infiltration of the gastric mucosa by immune cells. Immune cell production of inflammatory cytokines promoted chronic gastric inflammation and expansion and transformation of VGPCs, leading to tumorigenesis. We identified a positive-feedback loop between PPARD and interferon gamma signaling that sustained gastric inflammation to induce VGPC transformation and gastric carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS We found PPARD overexpression in VPGCs to result in inflammation, dysplasia, and tumor formation. PPARD and VGPCs might be therapeutic targets for stomach cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Zuo
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Yasunori Deguchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weiguo Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haiyan S. Li
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weidong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yaying Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shen Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan C. Jaoude
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fuyao Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarah P. Chrieki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Micheline J. Moussalli
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mihai Gagea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Manu M. Sebastian
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dongfeng Tan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Russell Broaddus
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nadim J. Ajami
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research and Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alton G. Swennes
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephanie S. Watowich
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Imad Shureiqi
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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195
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Verdura S, Cuyàs E, Martin-Castillo B, Menendez JA. Metformin as an archetype immuno-metabolic adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1633235. [PMID: 31646077 PMCID: PMC6791450 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1633235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a single immuno-metabolic adjuvant capable of modulating, in the appropriate direction and intensity, the complex antagonistic and symbiotic interplays between tumor cells, immune cells, and the gut microbiota may appear pharmacologically implausible. Metformin might help solve this conundrum and beneficially impact the state of cancer-immune system interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Verdura
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | | | - Javier A Menendez
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
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196
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Marijt KA, Sluijter M, Blijleven L, Tolmeijer SH, Scheeren FA, van der Burg SH, van Hall T. Metabolic stress in cancer cells induces immune escape through a PI3K-dependent blockade of IFNγ receptor signaling. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:152. [PMID: 31196219 PMCID: PMC6567539 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell mediated immunotherapy brought clinical success for many cancer patients. Nonetheless, downregulation of MHC class I antigen presentation, frequently occurring in solid cancers, limits the efficacy of these therapies. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying this type of immune escape is therefore of great importance. We here investigated the immunological effects of metabolic stress in cancer cells as a result of nutrient deprivation. METHODS TC1 and B16F10 tumor cell lines were cultured under oxygen- and glucose-deprivation conditions that mimicked the tumor microenvironment of solid tumors. Presentation of peptide antigens by MHC class I molecules was measured by flow cytometry and via activation of tumor-specific CD8 T cell clones. The proficiency of the IFNy-STAT1 pathway was investigated by Western blots on phosphorylated proteins, transfection of constitutive active STAT1 constructs and qPCR of downstream targets. Kinase inhibitors for PI3K were used to examine its role in IFNy receptor signal transduction. RESULTS Combination of oxygen- and glucose-deprivation resulted in decreased presentation of MHC class I antigens on cancer cells, even in the presence of the stimulatory cytokine IFNy. This unresponsiveness to IFNy was the result of failure to phosphorylate the signal transducer STAT1. Forced expression of constitutive active STAT1 fully rescued the MHC class I presentation. Furthermore, oxygen- and glucose-deprivation increased PI3K activity in tumor cells. Pharmacological inhibition of this pathway not only restored signal transduction through IFNy-STAT1 but also improved MHC class I presentation. Importantly, PI3K inhibitors also rendered tumor cells sensitive for recognition by CD8 T cells in culture conditions of metabolic stress. CONCLUSIONS These data revealed a strong impact of metabolic stress on the presentation of tumor antigens by MHC class I and suggest that this type of tumor escape takes place at hypoxic areas even during times of active T cell immunity and IFNy release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen A Marijt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands.
| | - Marjolein Sluijter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Blijleven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Sofie H Tolmeijer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Ferenc A Scheeren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
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197
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Han LT, Hu JQ, Ma B, Wen D, Zhang TT, Lu ZW, Wei WJ, Wang YL, Wang Y, Liao T, Ji QH. IL-17A increases MHC class I expression and promotes T cell activation in papillary thyroid cancer patients with coexistent Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:52. [PMID: 31159823 PMCID: PMC6547553 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of coexisting papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is increasing. The impact of HT on PTC prognosis and its possible mechanism remains controversial. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) has been reported to participate in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune diseases and cancers. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of IL-17A in PTC with coexistent HT and evaluate the changes in tumor antigenicity. Methods Expression of IL-17A and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules were compared on PTC tissue samples with or without HT. PTC cell lines K1 and TPC-1 were stimulated with IL-17A and analyzed for MHC class I expression afterwards. Cluster of differentiation (CD) 8+T cell activation, production of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) as well as the programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression on lymphocytes were assessed by coculture of donor peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) with IL-17A pretreated PTC cells. Results Elevated IL-17A and MHC class I expression were observed in PTC tissue samples with coexistent HT. Stimulation of PTC cells with IL-17A effectively increased MHC class I expression in vitro. Coculture of PBLs with IL-17A pretreated PTC cells resulted in enhanced T cell activation (%CD25+ of CD3+T cells) and increased IL-2 production along with decreased IFN-γ secretion and PD-1 expression of the lymphocytes. Conclusions Papillary thyroid cancer with coexisting Hashimoto’s thyroiditis presents elevated MHC class I expression, which may be the result of IL-17A secretion. T cell activation is enhanced in vitro by IL-17A and may provide future utility in PTC immunotherapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13000-019-0832-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tao Han
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia-Qian Hu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ben Ma
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Duo Wen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhong-Wu Lu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu-Long Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tian Liao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Qing-Hai Ji
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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198
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Imaoka M, Tanese K, Masugi Y, Hayashi M, Sakamoto M. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor-CD74 interaction regulates the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 in melanoma cells. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2273-2283. [PMID: 31069878 PMCID: PMC6609804 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) on tumor cells contributes to cancer immune evasion by interacting with programmed cell death 1 on immune cells. γ‐Interferon (IFN‐γ) has been reported as a key extrinsic stimulator of PD‐L1 expression, yet its mechanism of expression is poorly understood. This study analyzed the role of CD74 and its ligand macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on PD‐L1 expression, by immunohistochemical analysis of melanoma tissue samples and in vitro analyses of melanoma cell lines treated with IFN‐γ and inhibitors of the MIF‐CD74 interaction. Immunohistochemical analyses of 97 melanoma tissue samples showed significant correlations between CD74 and the expression status of PD‐L1 (P < .01). In vitro analysis of 2 melanoma cell lines, which are known to secrete MIF constitutively and express cell surface CD74 following IFN‐γ stimulation, showed upregulation of PD‐L1 levels by IFN‐γ stimulation. This was suppressed by further treatment with the MIF‐CD74 interaction inhibitor, 4‐iodo‐6‐phenylpyrimidine. In the analysis of melanoma cell line WM1361A, which constitutively expresses PD‐L1, CD74, and MIF in its non‐treated state, treatment with 4‐iodo‐6‐phenylpyrimidine and transfection of siRNAs targeting MIF and CD74 significantly suppressed the expression of PD‐L1. Together, the results indicated that MIF‐CD74 interaction directly regulated the expression of PD‐L1 and helps tumor cells escape from antitumorigenic immune responses. In conclusion, the MIF‐CD74 interaction could be a therapeutic target in the treatment of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Imaoka
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanese
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiie Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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199
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Armani G, Madeddu D, Mazzaschi G, Bocchialini G, Sogni F, Frati C, Lorusso B, Falco A, Lagrasta CA, Cavalli S, Mangiaracina C, Vilella R, Becchi G, Gnetti L, Corradini E, Quaini E, Urbanek K, Goldoni M, Carbognani P, Ampollini L, Quaini F. Blood and lymphatic vessels contribute to the impact of the immune microenvironment on clinical outcome in non-small-cell lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2019; 53:1205-1213. [PMID: 29346540 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezx492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lymphangiogenesis plays a critical role in the immune response, tumour progression and therapy effectiveness. The aim of this study was to determine whether the interplay between the lymphatic and the blood microvasculature, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint constitutes an immune microenvironment affecting the clinical outcome of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. METHODS Samples from 50 squamous cell carcinomas and 42 adenocarcinomas were subjected to immunofluorescence to detect blood and lymphatic vessels. CD3pos, CD8pos and PD-1pos tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumour PD-L1 expression were assessed by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Quantification of vascular structures documented a peak of lymphatics at the invasive margin together with a decreasing gradient of blood and lymphatic vessels from the peritumour area throughout the neoplastic core. Nodal involvement and pathological stage were strongly associated with vascularization, and an increased density of vessels was detected in samples with a higher incidence of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and a lower expression of PD-L1. Patients with a high PD-L1 to PD-1 ratio and vascular rarefaction had a gain of 10 months in overall survival compared to those with a low ratio and prominent vascularity. CONCLUSIONS Microvessels are an essential component of the cancer immune microenvironment. The clinical impact of the PD-1/PD-L1-based immune contexture may be implemented by the assessment of microvascular density to potentially identify patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who could benefit from immunotherapy and antiangiogenic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Armani
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Denise Madeddu
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzaschi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Sogni
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Caterina Frati
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Bruno Lorusso
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Angela Falco
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Cavalli
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Mangiaracina
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rocchina Vilella
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriella Becchi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Letizia Gnetti
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Emilia Corradini
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Eugenio Quaini
- Clinical Institute Sant'Ambrogio, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hospital Group San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Konrad Urbanek
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Goldoni
- Medical Statistics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Carbognani
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Ampollini
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Quaini
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Wang R, He Z, Cai P, Zhao Y, Gao L, Yang W, Zhao Y, Gao X, Gao F. Surface-Functionalized Modified Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles Enhance Checkpoint Blockade Tumor Immunotherapy by Photothermal Therapy and Antigen Capturing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:13964-13972. [PMID: 30912920 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterial-based tumor photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted increasing attention and been a promising method for cancer treatment because of its low level of adverse effects and noninvasiveness. However, thermotherapy alone still cannot control tumor metastasis and recurrence. Here, we developed surface-functionalized modified copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs). CuS NPs can not only be used as photothermal mediators for tumor hyperthermia but can adsorb tumor antigens released during hyperthermia as an antigen-capturing agent to induce antitumor immune response. We selected maleimide polyethylene glycol-modified CuS NPs (CuS NPs-PEG-Mal) with stronger antigen adsorption capacity, in combination with an immune checkpoint blocker (anti-PD-L1) to evaluate the effect of hyperthermia, improving immunotherapy in a 4T1 breast cancer tumor model. The results showed that hyperthermia based on CuS NPs-PEG-Mal distinctly increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum, leading to a tumor immunogenic microenvironment. In cooperation with anti-PD-L1, PTT mediated by CuS NPs-PEG-Mal enhanced the number of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and inhibited the growth in primary and distant tumor sites of the 4T1 tumor model. The therapeutic strategies provide a simple and effective treatment option for metastatic and recurrent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoping Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- School of Pharmacy , Hebei University , Baoding 071002 , China
| | - Zhesheng He
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Pengju Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- School of Pharmacy , Hebei University , Baoding 071002 , China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xueyun Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , China
| | - Fuping Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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