151
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杜 芹, 马 歆. [Research progress of correlation between periodontal pathogens and systemic diseases]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:759-764. [PMID: 32897213 PMCID: PMC7277321 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.05.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal pathogens are the main pathogenic factor of periodontitis. Periodontal pathogens have a large variety of virulence factors such as lipopolysaccharide, fimbriae and proteases, which enables the pathogens to infect periodontal tissues and stimulate the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, causing chronic systemic inflammation. Periodontal pathogens may invade multiple systems such as the circulatory system, immune system, respiratory system and digestive system to cause systematic diseases. Recent studies have shown that periodontal pathogens may have close relations with systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. Among the periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis can be found in atherosclerotic plaques to impairing the function of the vascular endothelium; Porphyromonas gingivalis may also increase the level of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α to promote insulin resistance and diabetes. Many of the periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Prevotella intermedia can be detected in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients, suggesting their involvement in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Fusobacterium nucleatum may cause alterations in the intestinal microbiome in mice and promote the occurrence of intestinal tumors. Herein we review the recent progresses in the relationship between periodontal pathogens and systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- 芹 杜
- 四川省医学科学院//四川省人民医院口腔科,四川 成都 610072Department of Stomatlogy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
- 电子科技大学附属医学院,四川 成都 610054School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610054, China
- 中国科学院成都生物研究所,四川 成都 610041Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 歆茹 马
- 四川省医学科学院//四川省人民医院口腔科,四川 成都 610072Department of Stomatlogy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
- 遵义医科大学口腔医学院,贵州 遵义 563000School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medicial University, Zunyi 563000, China
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152
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Effects of preoperative dental examination and oral hygiene instruction on surgical site infection after hepatectomy: a retrospective study. Support Care Cancer 2020; 29:653-659. [PMID: 32424646 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study retrospectively investigated relationships among risk factors and post-hepatectomy surgical site infection (SSI) and other complications in patients who underwent hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We included 334 patients who underwent hepatectomies for liver cancers between January 2011 and December 2015 in this study. We evaluated risk factors for SSI and other post-hepatectomy complication, including demographic factors, preoperative factors, and preoperative intervention including oral management, perioperative factors, and length of hospital stay, with univariate and multivariate analyses. The oral management intervention included self-care instructions, extraction of infected teeth, removal of dental plaques and calculus (scaling), professional mechanical teeth cleaning, removal of tongue coating, and cleaning of dentures. SSI was defined in accordance with the guideline issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; it included purulent discharge from any incision or organ space within 30 days postoperatively, with or without microbiological evidence. Complications of grade II or greater, according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, were regarded as postoperative complications. RESULTS We found bacterial infection of ascites (Odds ratio (OR) = 13.72), lack of preoperative oral management intervention (OR = 10.17), and severe liver fibrosis (OR = 2.76) to be associated with SSI and severe liver fibrosis (OR = 2.28), hypoalbuminemia (OR = 2.02), blood transfusion (OR = 1.86), and longer operation time (OR = 1.80) to be associated with postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative oral management may reduce the risk of SSI in patients with HCC who undergo hepatectomy.
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153
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The Prevalence of Dental Caries in Primary Dentition in 3- to 5-Year-Old Preschool Children in Northern China. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5315236. [PMID: 32461999 PMCID: PMC7238319 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5315236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the prevalence and factors promoting caries in primary dentition of 3-5-year-old children in Northeast China. Materials and Methods Data of 1,229 children aged 3 to 5 years were randomly selected. The caries prevalence and other indicators were assessed, and the results analyzed by SPSS. A questionnaire was also given to the children's guardians to ascertain the potential risk factors associated with caries. Results The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index in children aged 3, 4, and 5 years old was 3.17, 5.13, and 6.07, respectively, while the caries prevalence rate was 62.16%, 75.89%, and 87.28% accordingly. The incidence of caries among rural children was higher than that in urban areas. Regarding oral health awareness, it was found that parents in urban areas had more accurate perceptions of oral health problems. It was also noted that the children's brushing habits were worrying. Family economic and medical resources are not the main causes of serious dental caries in rural areas. Conclusions The oral health status of children aged 3-5 years is not optimistic. Many parents have a low awareness of oral health. Strengthening the promotion of oral health knowledge is an effective way to change the situation.
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154
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Invasion of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells by Porphyromonas gingivalis leading to Vacuolar/Cytosolic localization and Autophagy dysfunction In-Vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7468. [PMID: 32366945 PMCID: PMC7198524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies link Periodontal disease(PD) to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We documented earlier that Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg), keystone oral-pathobiont, causative of PD, efficiently invades human gingival epithelial and blood-dendritic cells. Here, we investigated the ability of dysbiotic Pg-strains to invade human-retinal pigment epithelial cells(ARPE-19), their survival, intracellular localization, and the pathological effects, as dysfunction of RPEs leads to AMD. We show that live, but not heat-killed Pg-strains adhere to and invade ARPEs. This involves early adhesion to ARPE cell membrane, internalization and localization of Pg within single-membrane vacuoles or cytosol, with some nuclear localization apparent. No degradation of Pg or localization inside double-membrane autophagosomes was evident, with dividing Pg suggesting a metabolically active state during invasion. We found significant downregulation of autophagy-related genes particularly, autophagosome complex. Antibiotic protection-based recovery assay further confirmed distinct processes of adhesion, invasion and amplification of Pg within ARPE cells. This is the first study to demonstrate invasion of human-RPEs, begin to characterize intracellular localization and survival of Pg within these cells. Collectively, invasion of RPE by Pg and its prolonged survival by autophagy evasion within these cells suggest a strong rationale for studying the link between oral infection and AMD pathogenesis in individuals with periodontitis.
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155
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Silbergleit M, Vasquez AA, Miller CJ, Sun J, Kato I. Oral and intestinal bacterial exotoxins: Potential linked to carcinogenesis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 171:131-193. [PMID: 32475520 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that imbalances in resident microbes (dysbiosis) can promote chronic inflammation, immune-subversion, and production of carcinogenic metabolites, thus leading to neoplasia. Yet, evidence to support a direct link of individual bacteria species to human sporadic cancer is still limited. This chapter focuses on several emerging bacterial toxins that have recently been characterized for their potential oncogenic properties toward human orodigestive cancer and the presence of which in human tissue samples has been documented. These include cytolethal distending toxins produced by various members of gamma and epsilon Proteobacteria, Dentilisin from mammalian oral Treponema, Pasteurella multocida toxin, two Fusobacterial toxins, FadA and Fap2, Bacteroides fragilis toxin, colibactin, cytotoxic necrotizing factors and α-hemolysin from Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica AvrA. It was clear that these bacterial toxins have biological activities to induce several hallmarks of cancer. Some toxins directly interact with DNA or chromosomes leading to their breakdowns, causing mutations and genome instability, and others modulate cell proliferation, replication and death and facilitate immune evasion and tumor invasion, prying specific oncogene and tumor suppressor pathways, such as p53 and β-catenin/Wnt. In addition, most bacterial toxins control tumor-promoting inflammation in complex and diverse mechanisms. Despite growing laboratory evidence to support oncogenic potential of selected bacterial toxins, we need more direct evidence from human studies and mechanistic data from physiologically relevant experimental animal models, which can reflect chronic infection in vivo, as well as take bacterial-bacterial interactions among microbiome into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian A Vasquez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, Healthy Urban Waters, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Carol J Miller
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, Healthy Urban Waters, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States; Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.
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156
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Bin C, Al-Dhabi NA, Esmail GA, Arokiyaraj S, Arasu MV. Potential effect of Allium sativum bulb for the treatment of biofilm forming clinical pathogens recovered from periodontal and dental caries. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1428-1434. [PMID: 32489278 PMCID: PMC7254026 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm producing clinical bacterial isolates were isolated from periodontal and dental caries samples and identified as, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus sanguis, S. salivarius, S. mutansand Staphylococcus aureus. Among the identified bacterial species, S. aureus and S. mutansshowed strong biofilm producing capacity. The other isolated bacteria, Streptococcus sanguis, S. salivarius showed moderate biofilm formation. These pathogens were subjected for the production of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) in nutrient broth medium and the strain S. aureus synthesized more amounts of EPS (610 ± 11.2 µg/ml) than S. sanguis (480 ± 5.8 µg/ml).EPS production was found to be less in S. salivarius (52 ± 3.8 µg/ml).The solvent extract of A. sativum bulb showed the phytochemicals such as, carbohydrate, total protein, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and sterioids. The solvent extract of A. sativum bulb showed wide ranges of activity against the selected dental pathogens. The difference in antibacterial activity of the solvent extract revealed differences in solubility of phytochemicals in organic solvents. Ethanol extract was highly active againstS. aureus (25 ± 2 mm). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of crude garlic bulb varied widely and this clearly showed that bacteria exhibits different level of susceptibility to secondary metabolites. MIC value ranged between 20 ± 2 mg/ml and 120 ± 6 mg/ml and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) value ranged from 60 ± 5 mg/l to 215 ± 7 mg/ml. To conclude, A. sativum bulb can be effectively used to treat periodontal and dental caries infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Bin
- Department of Stomatology, The Ninth People'S Hospital Of ChongQing, Beibei District, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Galal Ali Esmail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, Republic of Korea
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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157
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Tanneeru S, Mahendra J, Shaik MV. Evaluation of Microflora (Viral and Bacterial) in Subgingival and Placental Samples of Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia with and without Periodontal Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10:171-176. [PMID: 32670905 PMCID: PMC7339998 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_341_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Previous studies showed associated periodontal disease with various systemic ailments. This research work was aimed at studying the presence and role of periodontal microflora on preeclampsia during pregnancy. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was designed on pregnant women with preeclampsia with and without chronic periodontitis, attending Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India, for prenatal checkups. After obtaining consents, 445 women were recruited in the study. On the basis of systemic and periodontal health, subjects were grouped into Group 1 (women with preeclampsia with chronic periodontitis) and Group 2 (women with preeclampsia without chronic periodontitis). Clinical parameters such as plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded. Quantification of periodontopathic bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV), were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction in subgingival samples at one point of time and later compared in placental tissue after parturition. Results T. forsythia, T. denticola, F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, EBV, CMV, and HSV were expressed more in Group 3 compared to those in Groups 2, 4, and 1, in their subgingival and placental samples. Conclusion Elevated levels of bacteria and viruses were expressed in subgingival and placental samples in women with preeclampsia with chronic periodontitis compared to those in women with preeclampsia without chronic periodontitis. This shows that chronic periodontitis is a risk factor for preeclampsia. The results concluded that periodontal flora is not only localized to periodontal tissues but can also enter uterine cavity and may elicit their pathological response on mother and developing fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Tanneeru
- Department of Periodontology, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Jaideep Mahendra
- Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College & Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahaboob Vali Shaik
- Department of Advanced Research Centre, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
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158
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Remineralization effectiveness of the PAMAM dendrimer with different terminal groups on artificial initial enamel caries in vitro. Dent Mater 2020; 36:210-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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159
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Kittaka M, Yoshimoto T, Schlosser C, Rottapel R, Kajiya M, Kurihara H, Reichenberger EJ, Ueki Y. Alveolar Bone Protection by Targeting the SH3BP2-SYK Axis in Osteoclasts. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:382-395. [PMID: 31613396 PMCID: PMC7012678 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a bacterially induced chronic inflammatory condition of the oral cavity where tooth-supporting tissues including alveolar bone are destructed. Previously, we have shown that the adaptor protein SH3-domain binding protein 2 (SH3BP2) plays a critical role in inflammatory response and osteoclastogenesis of myeloid lineage cells through spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK). In this study, we show that SH3BP2 is a novel regulator for alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis. Micro-CT analysis of SH3BP2-deficient (Sh3bp2 -/- ) mice challenged with ligature-induced periodontitis revealed that Sh3bp2 -/- mice develop decreased alveolar bone loss (male 14.9% ± 10.2%; female 19.0% ± 6.0%) compared with wild-type control mice (male 25.3% ± 5.8%; female 30.8% ± 5.8%). Lack of SH3BP2 did not change the inflammatory cytokine expression and osteoclast induction. Conditional knockout of SH3BP2 and SYK in myeloid lineage cells with LysM-Cre mice recapitulated the reduced bone loss without affecting both inflammatory cytokine expression and osteoclast induction, suggesting that the SH3BP2-SYK axis plays a key role in regulating alveolar bone loss by mechanisms that regulate the bone-resorbing function of osteoclasts rather than differentiation. Administration of a new SYK inhibitor GS-9973 before or after periodontitis induction reduced bone resorption without affecting inflammatory reaction in gingival tissues. In vitro, GS-9973 treatment of bone marrow-derived M-CSF-dependent macrophages suppressed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclast formation with decreased mineral resorption capacity even when GS-9973 was added after RANKL stimulation. Thus, the data suggest that SH3BP2-SYK is a novel signaling axis for regulating alveolar bone loss in periodontitis and that SYK can be a potential therapeutic target to suppress alveolar bone resorption in periodontal diseases. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Kittaka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tetsuya Yoshimoto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Collin Schlosser
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Dentistry, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Department of Medicine, Immunology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kurihara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ernst J Reichenberger
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Yasuyoshi Ueki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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160
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Adachi N, Kobayashi Y. One-year follow-up study on associations between dental caries, periodontitis, and metabolic syndrome. J Oral Sci 2020; 62:52-56. [PMID: 31996523 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.18-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
There have been few prospective studies on the relationship between oral health conditions and the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This prospective cohort study was performed at a Japanese company over one year. Routine medical health examinations, oral health examinations, and a questionnaire pertaining to education, job type, and health behaviors was administered. Participants aged ≥35 years who had no MetS components at baseline were re-examined after one year. Modified Poisson regression analyses were performed to calculate the relative risks (RRs) associated with oral health variables, including periodontitis, decayed and missing teeth, and decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) in relation to the development of MetS. Of 152 eligible participants, 136 were re-examined after one year; 30 exhibited one or more newly developed MetS components upon re-examination. Decayed teeth at baseline were significantly associated with development of at least one MetS component (adjusted RR 3.25, 95% confidence interval 1.59-6.63). There were no associations between periodontitis, missing teeth, or DMFT and the development of MetS. The association between decayed teeth and MetS was independent of other risk factors, including age and body mass index; therefore, decayed teeth may be associated with the development of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Adachi
- Department of Preventive Oral Health Care Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yasuki Kobayashi
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
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161
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Crusell MKW, Brink LR, Nielsen T, Allin KH, Hansen T, Damm P, Lauenborg J, Hansen TH, Pedersen O. Gestational diabetes and the human salivary microbiota: a longitudinal study during pregnancy and postpartum. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:69. [PMID: 32005194 PMCID: PMC6995204 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-2764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An aberrant composition of the salivary microbiota has been found in individuals with type 2 diabetes, and in pregnant women salivary microbiota composition has been associated with preeclampsia and pre-term birth. Pregnant women, who develop gestational diabetes (GDM), have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes after pregnancy. In the present study we assessed whether GDM is linked to variation in the oral microbial community by examining the diversity and composition of the salivary microbiota. Method In this observational study the salivary microbiota of pregnant women with GDM (n = 50) and normal glucose regulation (n = 160) in third trimester and 9 months postpartum was assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the V1-V3 region. GDM was diagnosed in accordance with the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria. Cross-sectional difference in alpha diversity was assessed using Student’s t-test and longitudinal changes were assessed by mixed linear regression. Cross-sectional and longitudinal difference in beta diversity was assessed by permutational multivariate analyses of variance. Differentially abundant genera and OTUs were identified by negative binomial regression. Results In the third trimester, two species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs), while eight OTUs postpartum were differentially abundant in women with GDM compared with normoglycaemic women. OTU richness, Shannon diversity and Pielou evenness decreased from late pregnancy to 9 months after delivery regardless of glycaemic status. Conclusion GDM is associated with a minor aberration of the salivary microbiota during late pregnancy and postpartum. For unknown reasons richness of the salivary microbiota decreased from late pregnancy to postpartum, which might be explained by the physiological changes of the immune system during human pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie K W Crusell
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Human Genomics and Metagenomics in Metabolism, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B 8th floor, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark. .,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hvidovre University Hospital, Kettegaardsvej 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Lærke R Brink
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Human Genomics and Metagenomics in Metabolism, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B 8th floor, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Trine Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Human Genomics and Metagenomics in Metabolism, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B 8th floor, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kristine H Allin
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Human Genomics and Metagenomics in Metabolism, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B 8th floor, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, the Capital Region, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Human Genomics and Metagenomics in Metabolism, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B 8th floor, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Peter Damm
- Department of Obstetrics, Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamdsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jeannet Lauenborg
- Department for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Tue H Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Human Genomics and Metagenomics in Metabolism, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B 8th floor, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Slagelse Hospital, Ingemannsvej 30, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Human Genomics and Metagenomics in Metabolism, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B 8th floor, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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162
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Manoil D, Al‐Manei K, Belibasakis GN. A Systematic Review of the Root Canal Microbiota Associated with Apical Periodontitis: Lessons from Next‐Generation Sequencing. Proteomics Clin Appl 2020; 14:e1900060. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Manoil
- Division of Oral DiseasesDepartment of Dental MedicineKarolinska Institute Huddinge 14152 Sweden
| | - Khaled Al‐Manei
- Division of Oral DiseasesDepartment of Dental MedicineKarolinska Institute Huddinge 14152 Sweden
- Division of EndodonticsDepartment of Restorative Dental ScienceCollege of DentistryKing Saud University Riyadh 11545 Saudi Arabia
| | - Georgios N. Belibasakis
- Division of Oral DiseasesDepartment of Dental MedicineKarolinska Institute Huddinge 14152 Sweden
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163
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Khan M, Alkhathlan HZ, Khan ST. Antibiotic and Antibiofilm Activities of Salvadora persica L. Essential Oils against Streptococcus mutans: A Detailed Comparative Study with Chlorhexidine Digluconate. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9010066. [PMID: 31963342 PMCID: PMC7169458 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of organic components from plants as an alternative antimicrobial agent is becoming popular due to the development of drug-resistance in various pathogens. Essential oils from fresh (MF-1) and dried (MD-1) roots of Salvadora persica L. were extracted and benzyl isothiocynate was determined as their chief constituent using GC-MS and GC-FID. The antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities of MD-1 and MF-1 against Streptococcus mutans a dental caries causing bacteria were determined using multiple assays. These activities were compared with chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) and clove oil, well known antimicrobial agents for oral hygiene. Essential oils demonstrated IC50 values (10–11 µg/mL) comparable to that of CHX, showed a significant reduction (82 ± 7–87 ± 6%) of the biofilm formation at a very low concentration. These results were supported by RT-PCR studies showing change in the expression levels of AtlE, gtfB, ymcA and sodA genes involved in autolysis, biofilm formation and oxidative stress, respectively. The results presented in this study show the robust bactericidal and antibiofilm activity of MD-1 and MF-1 against S. mutans which is comparable to Chlorhexidine digluconate. Our results suggest that these essential oils can be as effective as CHX and hence can serve as a good alternative antimicrobial agent for oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merajuddin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.); (H.Z.A.)
| | - Hamad Z. Alkhathlan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.); (H.Z.A.)
| | - Shams Tabrez Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 2002002 UP, India
- Correspondence:
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Soutome S, Hasegawa T, Yamguchi T, Aoki K, Kanamura N, Mukai T, Yamazoe J, Nishikawa M, Isomura E, Hoshi K, Umeda M. Prevention of postoperative pneumonia by perioperative oral care in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing surgery: a multicenter retrospective study of 775 patients. Support Care Cancer 2020; 28:4155-4162. [PMID: 31897780 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-05242-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Postoperative pneumonia is one of the major complications after esophageal cancer surgery. The risk factors associated with postoperative pneumonia are poor general health, smoking, decreased pulmonary function, diabetes mellitus, surgical stress, old age, postoperative aspiration, and oral hygiene. In this study, we examined the effect of perioperative oral care on reducing postoperative pneumonia since the evidence to-date is not clear. METHODS A multicenter, retrospective investigation of the relationship between perioperative oral care and incidence of postoperative pneumonia in patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery was conducted. A total of 775 patients who underwent thoracoscopic esophageal resection at 25 hospitals between 2016 and 2017 were enrolled in the study. Various factors were examined for correlation with development of postoperative pneumonia. RESULTS Multivariate analysis showed that old age, smoking habit, lower hemoglobin, higher creatinine, postoperative dysphagia, and lack of oral care intervention were independent risk factors for pneumonia. Oral care was more effective in preventing pneumonia in hospitals in which the incidence of postoperative pneumonia was lower than 20%, while it was not effective in hospitals in which the incidence was higher than 20%. CONCLUSION Results of the study suggest that it is recommended to carry out perioperative oral care in esophageal cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Soutome
- Oral Management Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan.
| | - Takumi Hasegawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Taihei Yamguchi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Research Field in Dentistry, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kumiko Aoki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Naritomo Kanamura
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takao Mukai
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Kindai University Hospital, 337-2 Ono-higashi, Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Junichi Yamazoe
- Perioperative Oral Care Center and Division of General Oral Care, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 812-0054, Japan
| | - Masaya Nishikawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Division of Tissue Engineering Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Emiko Isomura
- Unit of Dentistry and First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Hospital, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masahiro Umeda
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
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Study on oral hygiene by nanobubbles from high-density nozzle. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2020; 18:2280800020919881. [DOI: 10.1177/2280800020919881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was performed on oral bacteria removal using the design variables, which included the three-segment rotor speed of the testing device and three types of stainless steel meshes (with different layers). The overall hygienic results showed an effect of up to 95% bacteria removal, and some combinations had 100% hygienic effect. The study proposed that the use of nanobubble generated by a high-density stainless-steel mesh-manufactured nozzle removes dental bacteria. In addition, the device could also be used for auxiliary oral hygiene to decrease the frequency of future medical visits due to periodontal diseases or to enable the device to assist patients with severe periodontal disease more conveniently for oral hygiene.
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166
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Porphyromonas gingivalis, Periodontal and Systemic Implications: A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel) 2019; 7:dj7040114. [PMID: 31835888 PMCID: PMC6960968 DOI: 10.3390/dj7040114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent scientific literature, oral infections and systemic manifestations, or correlations between oral health and systemic diseases are a topic of discussion. Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the bacteria implicated in the biofilm formation of bacterial plaque, and plays an important role in the progression of periodontal disease. In this systematic review authors have evaluated the literature of the last 10 years on P. gingivalis and all the systemic implications proven. This study therefore evaluates all the districts of the organism in which this bacterium may have implications. From the results it emerges that P. gingivalis has implications in the onset of different systemic pathologies, including rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular pathologies, and neurodegenerative pathologies. Surely, understanding the mechanisms of diffusion of this bacterium, it would be possible to prevent a series of pathologies. Thus, putting the dentist clinician at the center of prevention for these diseases.
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167
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Yeoh YK, Chan MH, Chen Z, Lam EWH, Wong PY, Ngai CM, Chan PKS, Hui M. The human oral cavity microbiota composition during acute tonsillitis: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:275. [PMID: 31806002 PMCID: PMC6896734 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial culture-based investigations of inflamed tonsil tissues have previously indicated enrichment of several microorganisms such as Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and Prevotella. These taxa were also largely reflected in DNA sequencing studies performed using tissue material. In comparison, less is known about the response of the overall oral cavity microbiota to acute tonsillitis despite their role in human health and evidence showing that their compositions are correlated with diseases such as oral cancers. In addition, the influence of subject-specific circumstances including consumption of prescription antibiotics and smoking habits on the microbiology of acute tonsillitis is unknown. METHODS We collected oral rinse samples from 43 individuals admitted into hospital for acute tonsillitis and 165 non-disease volunteers recruited from the public, and compared their microbial community compositions using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We assessed the impact of tonsillitis, whether subjects were prescribed antibiotics, the presence of oral abscesses and their smoking habits on community composition, and identified specific microbial taxa associated with tonsillitis and smoking. RESULTS Oral rinse community composition was primarily associated with disease state (tonsillitis vs non-tonsillitis) although its effect was subtle, followed by smoking habit. Multiple Prevotella taxa were enriched in tonsillitis subjects compared to the non-tonsillitis cohort, whereas the non-tonsillitis cohort primarily showed associations with several Neisseria sequence variants. The presence of oral abscesses did not significantly influence community composition. Antibiotics were prescribed to a subset of individuals in the tonsillitis cohort but we did not observe differences in community composition associated with antibiotics consumption. In both tonsillitis and non-tonsillitis cohorts, smoking habit was associated with enrichment of several Fusobacterium variants. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that the oral cavity microbial community is altered during acute tonsillitis, with a consistent enrichment of Prevotella during tonsillitis raising the possibility of targeted interventions. It also supports the possible link between smoking, Fusobacteria and oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kit Yeoh
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man Hin Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zigui Chen
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eddy W H Lam
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Po Yee Wong
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Man Ngai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul K S Chan
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mamie Hui
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Seo Y, Oh SJ, Ahn JS, Shin YY, Yang JW, Kim HS. Implication of Porphyromonas gingivalis in colitis and homeostasis of intestinal epithelium. Lab Anim Res 2019; 35:26. [PMID: 32257913 PMCID: PMC7081540 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-019-0029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidences have reported that periodontitis can be a risk factor for the pathogenesis of various systemic diseases. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), one of the crucial pathogens in chronic periodontitis, has been spotlighted as a potential cause for the promotion and acceleration of periodontitis-associated systemic disorders. To investigate the association between Pg and intestinal disease or homeostasis, we treated Pg-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine colitis model or intestinal organoid, respectively. Pg-derived LPS (Pg LPS) was administrated into chemically induced murine colitis model and disease symptoms were monitored compared with the infusion of LPS derived from E. coli (Ec LPS). Organoids isolated and cultured from mouse small intestine were treated with Pg or Ec LPS and further analyzed for the generation and composition of organoids. In vivo observations demonstrated that both Pg and Ec LPS exerted slight protective effects against murine colitis. Pg LPS did not affect the generation and growth of intestinal epithelial organoids. Among subtypes of epithelial cells, markers for stem cells, goblet cells or Paneth cells were changed in response to Pg LPS. Taken together, these results indicate that Pg LPS leads to partial improvement in colitis and that its treatment does not significantly affect the self-organization of intestinal organoids but may regulate the epithelial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Seo
- 1Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Yangsan, 50612 Republic of Korea.,2Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612 Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Oh
- 1Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Yangsan, 50612 Republic of Korea.,2Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Ahn
- 1Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Yangsan, 50612 Republic of Korea.,2Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612 Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Young Shin
- 1Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Yangsan, 50612 Republic of Korea.,2Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Yang
- 1Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Yangsan, 50612 Republic of Korea.,2Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- 1Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Yangsan, 50612 Republic of Korea.,2Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612 Republic of Korea
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169
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LaMonte MJ, Genco RJ, Buck MJ, McSkimming DI, Li L, Hovey KM, Andrews CA, Zheng W, Sun Y, Millen AE, Tsompana M, Banack HR, Wactawski-Wende J. Composition and diversity of the subgingival microbiome and its relationship with age in postmenopausal women: an epidemiologic investigation. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:246. [PMID: 31722703 PMCID: PMC6854792 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent to which the composition and diversity of the oral microbiome varies with age is not clearly understood. METHODS The 16S rRNA gene of subgingival plaque in 1219 women, aged 53-81 years, was sequenced and its taxonomy annotated against the Human Oral Microbiome Database (v.14.5). Composition of the subgingival microbiome was described in terms of centered log(2)-ratio (CLR) transformed OTU values, relative abundance, and prevalence. Correlations between microbiota abundance and age were evelauted using Pearson Product Moment correlations. P-values were corrected for multiple testing using the Bonferroni method. RESULTS Of the 267 species identified overall, Veillonella dispar was the most abundant bacteria when described by CLR OTU (mean 8.3) or relative abundance (mean 8.9%); whereas Streptococcus oralis, Veillonella dispar and Veillonella parvula were most prevalent (100%, all) when described as being present at any amount. Linear correlations between age and several CLR OTUs (Pearson r = - 0.18 to 0.18), of which 82 (31%) achieved statistical significance (P < 0.05). The correlations lost significance following Bonferroni correction. Twelve species that differed across age groups (each corrected P < 0.05); 5 (42%) were higher in women ages 50-59 compared to ≥70 (corrected P < 0.05), and 7 (48%) were higher in women 70 years and older. CONCLUSIONS We identified associations between several bacterial species and age across the age range of postmenopausal women studied. Understanding the functions of these bacteria could identify intervention targets to enhance oral health in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Robert J. Genco
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, UB Microbiome Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Michael J. Buck
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Daniel I. McSkimming
- Genome, Environment, and Microbiome Center of Excellence, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Computer and Engineering Science, NY State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Kathleen M. Hovey
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Christopher A. Andrews
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Computer and Engineering Science, NY State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Yijun Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Computer and Engineering Science, NY State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Amy E. Millen
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Maria Tsompana
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Hailey R. Banack
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
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Calixto NR, Alves CM, Abreu LM, Thomaz EB, Vidal FC, Filho IS, Lopes FF. Detection of periodontal pathogens in mothers of preterm birth and/or low weight. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2019; 24:e776-e781. [PMID: 31655839 PMCID: PMC6901144 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aims to estimate the possible relationship between periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity and the birth of Preterm Birth (PTB) and/or Low Birth Weight (LBW).
Material and Methods It’s a case- control study with the subgengival biofilm samples were collected from four sites up deeper until 48 hours postpartum and were processes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for presence the periodontal pathogens Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Treponema denticola (Td), Tannerella forsythia (Tf) e Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). The mothers were divided into case grup (babies weighing < 2500g and/or gestational age < 37 weeks) and control group (babies weighing ≥ 2500g and gestational age ≥ 37 weeks). Chi-square test and the measure of association obtained by Odds Ratio (OR) were used to estimate the association between the variables.
Results Microbial analyses results showed no significant association between PTB and LBW with most periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity, even with association with the clinical presence of periodontitis.
Conclusions given the high presence of periodontal pathogens in the biofilm subgengival of recent mothers, it is suggested that the findings of this research serve as the basis for future studies on the pathophysiology involved in the relationship between periodontitis and PTB and/or LBW. Key words:Low Birth Weight Infant. Premature Infant. Periodontal Diseases. Bacteria. Polymerase Chain Reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N-R Calixto
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Odontologia Campus Universitario do Bacanga Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966 Sao Luis-MA, Brazil, CEP: 65080-805
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Sun CH, Li BB, Wang B, Zhao J, Zhang XY, Li TT, Li WB, Tang D, Qiu MJ, Wang XC, Zhu CM, Qian ZR. The role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer: from carcinogenesis to clinical management. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2019; 5:178-187. [PMID: 31891129 PMCID: PMC6926109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor that affects people worldwide. Metagenomic analyses have shown an enrichment of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in colorectal carcinoma tissue; many studies have indicated that F. nucleatum is closely related to the colorectal carcinogenesis. In this review, we provide the latest information to reveal the related molecular mechanisms. The known virulence factors of F. nucleatum promote adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells via FadA and Fap2. Besides, Fap2 also binds to immune cells causing immunosuppression. Furthermore, F. nucleatum recruits tumor-infiltrating immune cells, thus yielding a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, which promotes colorectal neoplasia progression. F. nucleatum was also found to potentiate CRC development through toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling and microRNA (miRNA)-21 expression. In addition, F. nucleatum increases CRC recurrence along with chemoresistance by mediating a molecular network of miRNA-18a*, miRNA-4802, and autophagy components. Moreover, viable F. nucleatum was detected in mouse xenografts of human primary colorectal adenocarcinomas through successive passages. These findings indicated that an increased number of F. nucleatum in the tissues is a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC, and the underlying molecular mechanism can probably provide a potential intervention treatment strategy for patients with F. nucleatum-associated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hui Sun
- Equipe Communication Intercellulaire et Infections Microbiennes, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris 75005, France.,Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Bin-Bin Li
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Health Management Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wen-Bing Li
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Di Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Miao-Juan Qiu
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Xin-Cheng Wang
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Zhu
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Qian
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
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172
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Balmasova IP, Lomakin YA, Babaev EA, Tsarev VN, Gabibov AG, Smirnov IV, Knorre VD, Ovchinnikova LA, Gnuchev NV, Khurs EN, Deev MS, Kostin NN, Arutyunov SD. "Shielding" of Cytokine Induction by the Periodontal Microbiome in Patients with Periodontitis Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Acta Naturae 2019; 11:79-87. [PMID: 31993238 PMCID: PMC6977959 DOI: 10.32607/20758251-2019-11-4-79-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases, especially those with polymicrobial etiology, are often associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, proceeding more severely and affecting the course of diabetes mellitus. Recently, this feature has been associated with the ability of periodontopathogen microflora to cause not only a local infectious process in the oral cavity, but also to interact with the human immune system and induce various systemic effects. We investigated changes in the salivary cytokine profile of patients with chronic periodontitis, associated and not associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We observed a statistically significant decrease of MCP-1/CCL2, GM-CSF, IL-5, IL-6, and IFN-γ in the saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in comparison with patients with chronic periodontitis only. All of these cytokines are associated with macrophage activation. These data are an important contribution to the elucidation of the mechanism of periodontopathogens involvement in the manifestation of the systemic effects of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. P. Balmasova
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 127473 Russia
| | - Y. A. Lomakin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - E. A. Babaev
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 127473 Russia
| | - V. N. Tsarev
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 127473 Russia
| | - A. G. Gabibov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - I. V. Smirnov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - V. D. Knorre
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - L. A. Ovchinnikova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - N. V. Gnuchev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, RAS, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - E. N. Khurs
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, RAS, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - M. S. Deev
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198 Russia
| | - N. N. Kostin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - S. D. Arutyunov
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 127473 Russia
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173
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Exploring the microbiota of upper respiratory tract during the development of pneumonia in a mouse model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222589. [PMID: 31560693 PMCID: PMC6764665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The alteration of the microbial community in the upper respiratory tract (URT) can contribute to the colonization and invasion of respiratory pathogens. However, there are no studies regarding whether the characteristics of the URT microbiota can be affected by infections in lower respiratory tract (LRT). To elucidate the microbial profiles of the URT during pneumonia, the oral, nasal, and lung microbiota was evaluated at the early phase in a murine pneumonia model by direct intratracheal inoculation of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The meta 16S rRNA sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after K. pneumoniae inoculation presented alterations in the beta diversity of the microbes, but not in the alpha diversity. At this point, a significant increase in microbial alpha diversity was observed in the oral cavity, but not in the nasal cavity. The significant increase was observed in the family Carnobacteriaceae and family Enterococcaceae. These results suggest that characterizing the microbial community of the respiratory tract may not just involve a simple downstream relationship from the URT to the LRT. The health status of the LRT may influence the oral microbiota. Thus, evaluation of the oral microbiota may contribute towards monitoring lung health; the oral microbiota may act as a diagnostic marker of pneumonia.
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174
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Abstract
Great attention has been attached to explore the association between oral bacteria and oral cancer. Recently, four common inhabitants of oral cavity, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola and Streptococcus anginosus, have been identified as potential etiologic bacterial agents for oral carcinogenesis. They might promote the oncogenesis and progression of oral cancer by induction of chronic inflammation, enhancement of migration and invasiveness, inhibition of cell apoptosis, augment of cell proliferation, suppression of immune system and production of carcinogenic substances. Thus, this review will focus on the possible mechanisms of these oral bacteria contributing to occurrence and development of oral cancer, and the potential clinical implications of utilizing oral bacteria on the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of oral cancer will be discussed.
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175
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Parra-Grande M, Hernández-Ros P, Prats-Sánchez I, López-García P. Joint prosthesis infection by Streptococcus mutans. REUMATOLOGIA CLINICA 2019; 15:e78-e79. [PMID: 29258793 DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Parra-Grande
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Alicante, España.
| | - Pedro Hernández-Ros
- Servicio de Traumatología, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Alicante, España
| | - Ivan Prats-Sánchez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Alicante, España
| | - Pilar López-García
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Alicante, España
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176
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Mosaddad SA, Tahmasebi E, Yazdanian A, Rezvani MB, Seifalian A, Yazdanian M, Tebyanian H. Oral microbial biofilms: an update. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:2005-2019. [PMID: 31372904 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03641-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human oral cavity (mouth) hosts a complex microbiome consisting of bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi and viruses. These bacteria are responsible for two common diseases of the human mouth including periodontal (gum) and dental caries (tooth decay). Dental caries is caused by plaques, which are a community of microorganisms in biofilm format. Genetic and peripheral factors lead to variations in the oral microbiome. It has known that, in commensalism and coexistence between microorganisms and the host, homeostasis in the oral microbiome is preserved. Nonetheless, under some conditions, a parasitic relationship dominates the existing situation and the rise of cariogenic microorganisms results in dental caries. Utilizing advanced molecular biology techniques, new cariogenic microorganisms species have been discovered. The oral microbiome of each person is quite distinct. Consequently, commonly taken measures for disease prevention cannot be exactly the same for other individuals. The chance for developing tooth decay in individuals is dependent on factors such as immune system and oral microbiome which itself is affected by the environmental and genetic determinants. Early detection of dental caries, assessment of risk factors and designing personalized measure let dentists control the disease and obtain desired results. It is necessary for a dentist to consider dental caries as a result of a biological process to be targeted than treating the consequences of decay cavities. In this research, we critically review the literature and discuss the role of microbial biofilms in dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Tahmasebi
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Yazdanian
- Department of Veterinary, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre (Ltd), The London Bioscience Innovation Center, London, UK
| | - Mohsen Yazdanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Tebyanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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177
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Thurnheer T, Karygianni L, Flury M, Belibasakis GN. Fusobacterium Species and Subspecies Differentially Affect the Composition and Architecture of Supra- and Subgingival Biofilms Models. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1716. [PMID: 31417514 PMCID: PMC6683768 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacteria are common obligately anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria of the oral cavity that may act as a bridge between early and late colonizing bacteria in dental plaque and have a role in oral and extra-oral infections. Fusobacterium nucleatum has a crucial role in oral biofilm structure and ecology, as revealed in experimental and clinical biofilm models. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of various Fusobacterium species on in vitro biofilm formation and structure in three different oral biofilm models namely a supragingival, a supragingival “feeding”, and a subgingival biofilm model. The standard six-species supragingival and “feeding” biofilm models employed contained Actinomyces oris, Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, Veillonella dispar, and Fusobacterium sp. The subgingival biofilm model contained 10 species (A. oris, Campylobacter rectus, F. nucleatum ssp. nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Streptococcus anginosus, S. oralis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and V. dispar). Six different Fusobacterium species or subspecies, respectively, were tested namely F. nucleatum ssp. fusiforme, F. nucleatum ssp. nucleatum, F. nucleatum ssp. polymorphum, F. nucleatum ssp. vincentii, F. naviforme, and F. periodonticum). Biofilms were grown anaerobically on hydroxyapatite disks in 24-well culture dishes. After 64 h, biofilms were either harvested and quantified by culture analysis or proceeded to fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). All Fusobacterium species tested established well in the biofilms, with CFUs ranging from 1.4E+04 (F. nucleatum ssp. fusiforme) to 5.6E+06 (F. nucleatum ssp. nucleatum). The presence of specific Fusobacterium sp./ssp. induced a significant decrease in C. albicans levels in the supragingival model and in V. dispar levels in the “feeding” supragingival model. In the subgingival model, the counts of A. oris, S. oralis, P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, and C. rectus significantly decreased in the presence of specific Fusobacterium sp./ssp. Collectively, this study showed variations in the growing capacities of different fusobacteria within biofilms, affecting the growth of surrounding species and potentially the biofilm architecture. Hence, clinical or experimental studies need to differentiate between Fusobacterium sp./ssp., as their biological properties may well vary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Thurnheer
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lamprini Karygianni
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Flury
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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178
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Valm AM. The Structure of Dental Plaque Microbial Communities in the Transition from Health to Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2957-2969. [PMID: 31103772 PMCID: PMC6646062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The human oral cavity harbors diverse communities of microbes that live as biofilms: highly ordered, surface-associated assemblages of microbes embedded in an extracellular matrix. Oral microbial communities contribute to human health by fine-tuning immune responses and reducing dietary nitrate. Dental caries and periodontal disease are together the most prevalent microbially mediated human diseases worldwide. Both of these oral diseases are known to be caused not by the introduction of exogenous pathogens to the oral environment, but rather by a homeostasis breakdown that leads to changes in the structure of the microbial communities present in states of health. Both dental caries and periodontal disease are mediated by synergistic interactions within communities, and both diseases are further driven by specific host inputs: diet and behavior in the case of dental caries and immune system interactions in the case of periodontal disease. Changes in community structure (taxonomic identity and abundance) are well documented during the transition from health to disease. In this review, changes in biofilm physical structure during the transition from oral health to disease and the concomitant relationship between structure and community function will be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Valm
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12210, USA.
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179
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Christophers E. Periodontitis and risk of psoriasis: another comorbidity. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 31:757-758. [PMID: 28447357 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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180
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Zhang Z, Yang J, Feng Q, Chen B, Li M, Liang C, Li M, Li Z, Xu Q, Zhang L, Chen W. Compositional and Functional Analysis of the Microbiome in Tissue and Saliva of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1439. [PMID: 31297102 PMCID: PMC6607966 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is affected by the interaction between oral pathogen and holobionts, or the combination of the host and its microbial communities. Studies have indicated the structure and feature of the microbiome in OSCC tissue and saliva, the relationships between microbiota and OSCC sites, stages remain unclear. In the present study, OSCC tissue (T), saliva (S) and mouthwash (W) samples were collected from the same subjects and carried out the microbiome study by 16S sequencing. The results showed the T group was significantly different from the S and W groups with the character of lower richness and diversity. Proteobacteria were most enriched in the T group at the phylum level, while Firmicutes were predominant in groups S and W. At the genus level, the predominant taxa of group T were Acinetobacter and Fusobacterium, and for group S and W, the predominant taxa were Streptococcus and Prevotella. The genera related to late stage tumors were Acinetobacter and Fusobacterium, suggesting microbiota may be implicated in OSCC developing. Both compositional and functional analyses indicated that microbes in tumor tissue were potential indicator for the initiation and development of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Children's Microbiome Center, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Qingdao Human Microbiome Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Human Microbiome, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Shandong Children's Microbiome Center, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Qingdao Human Microbiome Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meihui Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Human Microbiome, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cheng Liang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Shandong Children's Microbiome Center, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Qingdao Human Microbiome Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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181
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Gordon JH, LaMonte MJ, Genco RJ, Zhao J, Li L, Hovey KM, Tsompana M, Buck MJ, Andrews CA, Mcskimming DI, Zheng W, Sun Y, Wactawski-Wende J. Is the Oral Microbiome Associated with Blood Pressure in Older Women? High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2019; 26:217-225. [PMID: 31236901 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-019-00322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A possible role of the oral microbiome, specifically oral nitrate reducing flora, in blood pressure (BP) homeostasis, if proven etiologic in nature, could lead to novel mechanism-based therapy to improve hypertension prevention and control. AIM This cross-sectional study characterized and compared the oral microbiome between four study groups based on BP status among 446 postmenopausal women aged 53-82 years. METHODS Three study groups were not taking hypertension medication and were separated based on BP, as follows: normal BP (systolic < 120 and diastolic < 80; N = 179), elevated BP/Stage I hypertension (systolic 120-139 or diastolic 80-90; N = 106), Stage II hypertension (systolic > 140 or diastolic > 90; N = 42). The forth group consisted of anyone taking hypertension medications, regardless of BP (N = 119). Subgingival microbiome composition was determined using 16S rRNA sequencing with the Illumina MiSeq platform. Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare species-level relative abundance of bacterial operational taxonomic units across the four groups. RESULTS Sixty-five bacterial species demonstrated significant differences in relative abundance in women with elevated BP or using hypertension medication as compared to those with normal BP. After correction for multiple testing, two species, Prevotella oral (species 317) and Streptococcus oralis, remained significant and were lower in abundance among women taking antihypertension medications compared to those with normal BP (corrected P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data provide novel description of oral subgingival bacteria grouped according to BP status. Additional larger studies including functional analysis and prospective designs will help further assess the potential role of the oral microbiome in BP regulation and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 273 Farber Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Michael J LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 273 Farber Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
| | - Robert J Genco
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, UB Microbiome Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jiwei Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Computer and Engineering Science, NY State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kathleen M Hovey
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 273 Farber Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Maria Tsompana
- Department of Biochemistry, NY State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Buck
- Department of Biochemistry, NY State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Christopher A Andrews
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel I Mcskimming
- Genome Environment, and Microbiome Center of Excellence, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Computer and Engineering Science, NY State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yijun Sun
- Department of Computer and Engineering Science, NY State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 273 Farber Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
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182
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Bruno G, Zaccari P, Rocco G, Scalese G, Panetta C, Porowska B, Pontone S, Severi C. Proton pump inhibitors and dysbiosis: Current knowledge and aspects to be clarified. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:2706-2719. [PMID: 31235994 PMCID: PMC6580352 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i22.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are common medications within the practice of gastroenterology. These drugs, which act through the irreversible inhibition of the hydrogen/potassium pump (H+/K+-ATPase pump) in the gastric parietal cells, are used in the treatment of several acid-related disorders. PPIs are generally well tolerated but, through the long-term reduction of gastric acid secretion, can increase the risk of an imbalance in gut microbiota composition (i.e., dysbiosis). The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem in which microbes coexist and interact with the human host. Indeed, the resident gut bacteria are needed for multiple vital functions, such as nutrient and drug metabolism, the production of energy, defense against pathogens, the modulation of the immune system and support of the integrity of the gut mucosal barrier. The bacteria are collected in communities that vary in density and composition within each segment of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Therefore, every change in the gut ecosystem has been connected to an increased susceptibility or exacerbation of various GI disorders. The aim of this review is to summarize the recently available data on PPI-related microbiota alterations in each segment of the GI tract and to analyze the possible involvement of PPIs in the pathogenesis of several specific GI diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bruno
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Gastroenterology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Piera Zaccari
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Gastroenterology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Giulia Rocco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Gastroenterology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Giulia Scalese
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Gastroenterology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Cristina Panetta
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Barbara Porowska
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic, Vascular Surgery and Transplants, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Stefano Pontone
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Carola Severi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Gastroenterology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
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183
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Ninomiya M, Hashimoto M, Yamanouchi K, Fukumura Y, Nagata T, Naruishi K. Relationship of oral conditions to the incidence of infective endocarditis in periodontitis patients with valvular heart disease: a cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:833-840. [PMID: 31197658 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening infectious disease, but the pathogenesis of the disease remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to examine whether oral infectious conditions are associated with the occurrence of IE in valvular heart disease (VHD) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 119 periodontitis (P) patients with or without VHD were enrolled, and cross-sectional analyses were performed. Patients were classified as follows: (1) mild-to-moderate P without VHD, (2) mild-to-moderate P with VHD, (3) severe P without VHD, or (4) severe P with VHD. A total of 78 VHD patients were classified as (1) VHD without IE or (2) VHD with IE. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to compute the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS No significant differences were observed between patients with or without VHD in oral conditions. A significant increase in the percentage of alveolar bone loss in VHD patients with IE was observed compared with that of patients without IE. The ratio of both Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) IgG titer > 1.68 and Pg fimA type II genotype in patients with IE was significantly higher than in patients without IE. There was a significant correlation between the occurrence of IE and clinical oral findings (number of remaining teeth: OR, 0.17; rate of alveolar bone loss > 40%: OR, 11.8). CONCLUSIONS VHD patients with IE might have severe periodontitis compared with patients without IE, although further investigation will be needed because this is based on only 7 VHD patients with IE. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The patients with IE had fewer remaining teeth, more advanced bone resorption compared with those of patients without IE. These findings suggest a possible association between the occurrence of IE and periodontal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Ninomiya
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Mari Hashimoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiaki Fukumura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokushima Red Cross Hospital, Komatsushima, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Nagata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Koji Naruishi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
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184
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Hao Y, Peng X, Zhou XD, Cheng L. [Research progress on the relationship between periodontal disease and common malignancies]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2019; 37:320-324. [PMID: 31218870 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a common oral disease that can cause irreversible damage of periodontal support tissue. Studies on the relationship between periodontal disease and malignancies have also increased. In this review, the relationship between periodontal disease and gastrointestinal malignancies (e.g., stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer), lung cancer, and breast cancer are discussed. The related mechanisms are summarized in terms of four aspects, namely, immu-nity, inflammation, gene, and microbiota and its products, to provide novel methods for the prevention and early diagnosis of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue-Dong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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185
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Xu R, Tan C, Zhu J, Zeng X, Gao X, Wu Q, Chen Q, Wang H, Zhou H, He Y, Pan S, Yin J. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota in neurocritically ill patients and the risk for death. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2019; 23:195. [PMID: 31151471 PMCID: PMC6544929 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite the essential functions of the intestinal microbiota in human physiology, little has been reported about the microbiome in neurocritically ill patients. This investigation aimed to evaluate the characteristics of the gut microbiome in neurocritically ill patients and its changes after admission. Furthermore, we investigated whether the characteristics of the gut microbiome at admission were a risk factor for death within 180 days. Methods This prospective observational cohort study included neurocritically ill patients admitted to the neurological intensive care unit of a large university-affiliated academic hospital in Guangzhou. Faecal samples were collected within 72 h after admission (before antibiotic treatment) and serially each week. Healthy volunteers were recruited from a community in Guangzhou. The gut microbiome was monitored via 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and the associations with the clinical outcome were evaluated by a Cox proportional hazards model. Results In total, 98 patients and 84 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were included in the analysis. Compared with healthy subjects, the neurocritically ill patients exhibited significantly different compositions of intestinal microbiota. During hospitalization, the α-diversity and abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae decreased significantly over time in patients followed longitudinally. The abundance of Enterobacteriaceae was positively associated with the modified Rankin Scale at discharge. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, Christensenellaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae were associated with an increased risk of death. The increases in intestinal Enterobacteriales and Enterobacteriaceae during the first week in the neurological intensive care unit were associated with increases of 92% in the risk of 180-day mortality after adjustments. Conclusions This analysis of the gut microbiome in 98 neurocritically ill patients indicates that the gut microbiota composition in these patients differs significantly from that in a healthy population and that the magnitude of this dysbiosis increases during hospitalization in a neurological intensive care unit. The gut microbiota characteristics seem to have an impact on patients’ 180-day mortality. Gut microbiota analysis could hopefully predict outcome in the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13054-019-2488-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoting Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuhong Tan
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuxuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huidi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Yan He
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
| | - Suyue Pan
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jia Yin
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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186
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Idrissi Janati A, Karp I, Sabri H, Emami E. Is a fusobacterium nucleatum infection in the colon a risk factor for colorectal cancer?: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Syst Rev 2019; 8:114. [PMID: 31077259 PMCID: PMC6511124 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a considerable amount of epidemiological research for identification of risk factors involved in the development of colorectal cancer, the current understanding of the etiology of this disease remains rather poor. Accumulating evidence suggests a potentially important role of infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum in the colon in colorectal carcinogenesis. The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize the epidemiological evidence on the association between infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum in the colon and colorectal cancer. METHODS This systematic review will include observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) in humans in which the role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in the etiology of colorectal cancer was investigated. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews will be searched using a comprehensive search strategy and manual screening of references. Two reviewers will independently identify eligible studies and extract the data from the included studies. The quality of studies will be assessed by using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Random-effects models will be used to estimate pooled measures of association (where feasible). Meta-regression and subgroup analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. The Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement will be followed for reporting. DISCUSSION Deepening knowledge regarding the etiology of colorectal cancer and the potential implications of Fusobacterium nucleatum in this disease is instrumental for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this often-fatal disease. This review will produce summarized current evidence on this topic. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION This systematic review protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 10 July 2018 (registration number CRD42018095866).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Idrissi Janati
- Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Igor Karp
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151, Richmond St., Kresge Building, Room K214, London, Ontario N6A 5C1 Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hisham Sabri
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Elham Emami
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1 Canada
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187
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cardiovascular disease. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:679-690. [PMID: 31059840 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) suffer cardiovascular events 1.5-2 fold than the general population, and cardiovascular (CV) events are leading cause of death in patients with RA. It is known that patients with RA have endothelial dysfunction, related with impaired function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). The mechanistic pathways leading to endothelial function are complicated, but understanding these mechanisms may open new frontiers of management and therapies to patients suffering from atherosclerosis. Inflammation is a key factor in atherosclerosis, including endothelial function, plaque stabilization and post infarct remodeling; thus, inhibition of TNF-α may affect the inflammatory burden and plaque vulnerability leading to less cardiovascular events and myocardial infarctions. An aggressive management of inflammation may lead to a significant improvement in the clinical cardiovascular outcome of patients with RA. The clinical evidence that showed a reduced risk of CV events following treatment with anti-inflammatory agents may suggest a new approach to treat atherosclerosis, i.e., inhibition of inflammation using biological medications that were primarily aimed to treat the high scale inflammation of RA and other autoimmune-inflammatory diseases, but may be useful also to prevent progression of atherosclerosis.
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188
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Cortez RV, Taddei CR, Sparvoli LG, Ângelo AGS, Padilha M, Mattar R, Daher S. Microbiome and its relation to gestational diabetes. Endocrine 2019; 64:254-264. [PMID: 30421135 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the major endocrine pathology in pregnancy, has been associated with the development of an intense inflammatory process and increased insulin resistance. The maternal microbiota is involved in several metabolic functions; however, its role in GDM physiopathology remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the composition of the microbiota at different sites and evaluate its relationship with the occurrence of GDM. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited women in the third trimester of gestation with and without GDM. Oral, vaginal, and stool samples were evaluated using next-generation sequencing. We included 68 participants: 26 with and 42 without GDM. RESULTS The analysis of the oral microbiome did not show significant differences in phyla and genus among the studied groups. In contrast, GDM patients presented a specific vaginal and intestinal microbiome composition, which was less diverse than those found in the control group, showing genera related to dysbiosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that changes in the composition of the vaginal and intestinal microbiome might be involved in the development of GDM. The follow-up of these patients in order to evaluate vaginal and intestinal samples after delivery may contribute to understanding the development of metabolic disease in women with previous GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon V Cortez
- Department of Obstetrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9 andar - 04939032, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla R Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av.Prof. Lineu Prestes 580- bloco 17- 05508000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz G Sparvoli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av.Prof. Lineu Prestes 580- bloco 17- 05508000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana G S Ângelo
- Department of Obstetrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9 andar - 04939032, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Padilha
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av.Prof. Lineu Prestes 580- bloco 17- 05508000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Mattar
- Department of Obstetrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9 andar - 04939032, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Daher
- Department of Obstetrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 9 andar - 04939032, São Paulo, Brazil.
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189
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Kornman KS. Contemporary approaches for identifying individual risk for periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2019; 78:12-29. [PMID: 30198138 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Key breakthroughs in our understanding of the etiology and principles of predictable treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis first emerged in the late 1960s and carried on into the mid-1980s. Unfortunately, some generalizations of the evidence led many to believe that periodontitis was a predictable result of exposure to bacterial plaque accumulations over time. For a brief period, the initial plaque concept was translated by some to implicate specific bacterial infections, with both concepts (plaque exposure and specific infection) being false assumptions that led to clinical outcomes which were frustrating to both the clinician and the patient. The primary misconceptions were that every individual was equally susceptible to periodontitis, that disease severity was a simple function of magnitude of bacterial exposure over time, and that all patients would respond predictably if treated based on the key principles of bacterial reduction and regular maintenance care. We now know that although bacteria are an essential initiating factor, the clinical severity of periodontitis is a complex multifactorial host response to the microbial challenge. The complexity comes from the permutations of different factors that may interact to alter a single individual's host response to challenge, inflammation resolution and repair, and overall outcome to therapy. Fortunately, although there are many permutations that may influence host response and repair, the pathophysiology of chronic periodontitis is generally limited to mild periodontitis with isolated moderate disease in most individuals. However, approximately 20%-25% of individuals will develop generalized severe periodontitis and probably require more intensive bacterial reduction and different approaches to host modulation of the inflammatory outcomes. This latter group may also have serious systemic implications of their periodontitis. The time appears to be appropriate to use what we know and currently understand to change our approach to clinical care. Our goal would be to increase our likelihood of identifying those patients who have a more biologically disruptive response combined with a more impactful microbial dysbiosis. Current evidence, albeit limited, indicates that for those individuals we should prevent and treat more intensively. This paper discusses what we know and how we might use that information to start individualizing risk and treat some of our patients in a more targeted manner. In my opinion, we are further along than many realize, but we have a great lack of prospective clinical evidence that must be accumulated while we continue to unravel the contributions of specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Kornman
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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190
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Zhou Y, Luo GH. Porphyromonas gingivalis and digestive system cancers. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:819-829. [PMID: 31024953 PMCID: PMC6473131 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i7.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is an anaerobic gram-negative bacterium that colonizes in the epithelium and has been strongly associated with periodontal disease. Recently, various degrees of associations between P. gingivalis and digestive system cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity, oesophageal squamous carcinoma in the digestive tract, and pancreatic cancer in pancreatic tissues, have been displayed in multiple clinical and experimental studies. Since P. gingivalis has a strong association with periodontal diseases, not only the relationships between P. gingivalis and digestive system tumours but also the effects induced by periodontal diseases on cancers are well-illustrated in this review. In addition, the prevention and possible treatments for these digestive system tumours induced by P. gingivalis infection are also included in this review. At the end, we also highlighted the possible mechanisms of cancers caused by P. gingivalis. One important carcinogenic effect of P. gingivalis is inhibiting the apoptosis of epithelial cells, which also plays an intrinsic role in protecting cancerous cells. Some signalling pathways activated by P. gingivalis are involved in cell apoptosis, tumourigenesis, immune evasion and cell invasion of tumour cells. In addition, metabolism of potentially carcinogenic substances caused by P. gingivalis is also one of the connections between this bacterium and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Comprehensive Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guang-Hua Luo
- Comprehensive Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
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191
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Rajendran M, Looney S, Singh N, Elashiry M, Meghil MM, El-Awady AR, Tawfik O, Susin C, Arce RM, Cutler CW. Systemic Antibiotic Therapy Reduces Circulating Inflammatory Dendritic Cells and Treg-Th17 Plasticity in Periodontitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2690-2699. [PMID: 30944162 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is a common dysbiotic inflammatory disease that leads to local bone deterioration and tooth loss. PD patients experience low-grade bacteremias with oral microbes implicated in the risk of heart disease, cancer, and kidney failure. Although Th17 effectors are vital to fighting infection, functional imbalance of Th17 effectors and regulatory T cells (Tregs) promote inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated, in a small pilot randomized clinical trial, whether expansion of inflammatory blood myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) and conversion of Tregs to Th17 cells could be modulated with antibiotics (AB) as part of initial therapy in PD patients. PD patients were randomly assigned to either 7 d of peroral metronidazole/amoxicillin AB treatment or no AB, along with standard care debridement and chlorhexidine mouthwash. 16s ribosomal RNA analysis of keystone pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and its consortium members Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus gordonii confirmed the presence of all three species in the reservoirs (subgingival pockets and blood DCs) of PD patients before treatment. Of the three species, P. gingivalis was reduced in both reservoirs 4-6 wk after therapy. Further, the frequency of CD1C+CCR6+ myeloid DCs and IL-1R1 expression on IL-17A+FOXP3+CD4+ T cells in PD patients were reduced to healthy control levels. The latter led to decreased IL-1β-stimulated Treg plasticity in PD patients and improvement in clinical measures of PD. Overall, we identified an important, albeit short-term, beneficial role of AB therapy in reducing inflammatory DCs and Treg-Th17 plasticity in humans with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythilypriya Rajendran
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Stephen Looney
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Nagendra Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Cancer Research Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Mahmoud Elashiry
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Mohamed M Meghil
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Ahmed R El-Awady
- Department of Research, Immunology Program, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo 57357, Egypt
| | - Omnia Tawfik
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt; and
| | - Cristiano Susin
- Department of Periodontology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Roger M Arce
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Christopher W Cutler
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912;
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192
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Polymicrobial synergy within oral biofilm promotes invasion of dendritic cells and survival of consortia members. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2019; 5:11. [PMID: 32179736 PMCID: PMC6423025 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-019-0084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Years of human microbiome research have confirmed that microbes rarely live or function alone, favoring diverse communities. Yet most experimental host-pathogen studies employ single species models of infection. Here, the influence of three-species oral microbial consortium on growth, virulence, invasion and persistence in dendritic cells (DCs) was examined experimentally in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and in patients with periodontitis (PD). Cooperative biofilm formation by Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis was documented in vitro using growth models and scanning electron microscopy. Analysis of growth rates by species-specific 16s rRNA probes revealed distinct, early advantages to consortium growth for S. gordonii and F. nucleatum with P. gingivalis, while P. gingivalis upregulated its short mfa1 fimbriae, leading to increased invasion of DCs. F. nucleatum was only taken up by DCs when in consortium with P. gingivalis. Mature consortium regressed DC maturation upon uptake, as determined by flow cytometry. Analysis of dental plaques of PD and healthy subjects by 16s rRNA confirmed oral colonization with consortium members, but DC hematogenous spread was limited to P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum. Expression of P. gingivalis mfa1 fimbriae was increased in dental plaques and hematogenous DCs of PD patients. P. gingivalis in the consortium correlated with an adverse clinical response in the gingiva of PD subjects. In conclusion, we have identified polymicrobial synergy in a three-species oral consortium that may have negative consequences for the host, including microbial dissemination and adverse peripheral inflammatory responses.
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193
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Association between periodontal pathogens and systemic disease. Biomed J 2019; 42:27-35. [PMID: 30987702 PMCID: PMC6468093 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of literature suggests that there is a link between periodontitis and systemic diseases. These diseases include cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal and colorectal cancer, diabetes and insulin resistance, and Alzheimer's disease, as well as respiratory tract infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The presence of periodontal pathogens and their metabolic by-products in the mouth may in fact modulate the immune response beyond the oral cavity, thus promoting the development of systemic conditions. A cause-and-effect relationship has not been established yet for most of the diseases, and the mediators of the association are still being identified. A better understanding of the systemic effects of oral microorganisms will contribute to the goal of using the oral cavity to diagnose and possibly treat non-oral systemic disease.
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194
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Relative reduction of biological and phylogenetic diversity of the oral microbiota of diabetes and pre-diabetes patients. Microb Pathog 2019; 128:215-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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195
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Wang Q, Zhao L, Xu C, Zhou J, Wu Y. Fusobacterium nucleatum stimulates monocyte adhesion to and transmigration through endothelial cells. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 100:86-92. [PMID: 30818128 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is an important pathogen in periodontitis. Previous studies have demonstrated its ability to spread via haematogenesis and modulate host immune responses. However, little is known regarding its effect on endothelial cells (ECs) and leukocytes. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of F. nucleatum on monocyte attachment and transmigration through ECs. DESIGN Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human leukemic monocyte (THP-1) cells were infected with F. nucleatum and assessed for monocyte adhesion, transendothelial migration, and HUVEC proliferation/apoptosis. Real-time PCR, western blotting and ELISA were performed to assess the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules and chemokines in both cells. RESULTS F. nucleatum challenge significantly induced THP-1 cell adhesion and transmigration and markedly impaired cell proliferation and apoptosis in HUVECs. A parallel increase in vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin expression in HUVECs and an upregulation of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in both HUVECs and THP-1 cells were observed. The expression of nuclear factor-kappa B was also enhanced in HUVECs and THP-1 cells upon F. nucleatum infection. CONCLUSIONS F. nucleatum triggers an inflammatory response against infection in cells and promotes the recruitment and transmigration of monocytes through ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafei Wu
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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196
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da Silva APB, Alluri LSC, Bissada NF, Gupta S. Association between oral pathogens and prostate cancer: building the relationship. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2019; 7:1-10. [PMID: 30906801 PMCID: PMC6420702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation and infections are associated with increased risk of prostate cancer development. There is considerable evidence that proves the interrelationship between bacterial/viral infections and carcinogenesis. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease triggered by gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. In this narrative review, we investigate the relationship between periodontal disease and prostate cancer by reviewing previous studies of the association and possible mechanisms that may explain this link. METHODS A comprehensive search for articles published was performed using the key words, "periodontal disease", "prostate disease", "prostate cancer", "prostatic inflammation". Thorough reviews of each study were conducted and assessed for eligibility, and data was summarized. RESULTS The role of inflammatory responses in the prostate as drivers of malignancy appears to be predisposed by periodontal pathogens and/or periodontitis inflammatory mediators. CONCLUSION Periodontal diseases might be associated with prostate cancer. However, the mechanism(s) explaining this relationship remains unclear and requires further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Paes B da Silva
- Department of Periodontics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Dental MedicineCleveland 44106, Ohio
| | - Leela Subhashini C Alluri
- Department of Periodontics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Dental MedicineCleveland 44106, Ohio
| | - Nabil F Bissada
- Department of Periodontics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Dental MedicineCleveland 44106, Ohio
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Dental MedicineCleveland 44106, Ohio
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197
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Yeruva T, Lee CH. Regulation of Vaginal Microbiome by Nitric Oxide. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:17-31. [PMID: 30727888 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190207092850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the composition and regulation of vaginal microbiome that displays an apparent microbial diversity and interacts with other microbiota in the body are presented. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of vaginal microflora in which lactobacillus species typically dominate has been delineated from the perspective of maintaining gynecologic ecosystem and prevention of onset of bacteriostatic vaginosis (BV) and/or sexually transmitted diseases (STD) including HIV-1 transmission. The interactions between NO and vaginal microbiome and its influence on the levels of Lactobacillus, hormones and other components are described. The recent progress, such as NO drugs, probiotic Lactobacilli and Lactobacillus microbots, that can be explored to alleviate abnormality of vagina microbiome, is also discussed. An identification of Oral-GI-Vagina axis, as well as the relationship between NO and Lactobacillus regulation in the healthy or pathological status of vagina microbiome, surely offers the advanced drug delivery option against BV or STD including AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taj Yeruva
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, 64108, United States
| | - Chi H Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, 64108, United States
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198
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Abstract
The dynamic and polymicrobial oral microbiome is a direct precursor of diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis, two of the most prevalent microbially induced disorders worldwide. Distinct microenvironments at oral barriers harbour unique microbial communities, which are regulated through sophisticated signalling systems and by host and environmental factors. The collective function of microbial communities is a major driver of homeostasis or dysbiosis and ultimately health or disease. Despite different aetiologies, periodontitis and caries are each driven by a feedforward loop between the microbiota and host factors (inflammation and dietary sugars, respectively) that favours the emergence and persistence of dysbiosis. In this Review, we discuss current knowledge and emerging mechanisms governing oral polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis that have both enhanced our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and aided the design of innovative therapeutic approaches for oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Hyun Koo
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Composition Analysis and Feature Selection of the Oral Microbiota Associated with Periodontal Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3130607. [PMID: 30581850 PMCID: PMC6276491 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3130607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease involving complex interactions between oral microorganisms and the host immune response. Understanding the structure of the microbiota community associated with periodontitis is essential for improving classifications and diagnoses of various types of periodontal diseases and will facilitate clinical decision-making. In this study, we used a 16S rRNA metagenomics approach to investigate and compare the compositions of the microbiota communities from 76 subgingival plagues samples, including 26 from healthy individuals and 50 from patients with periodontitis. Furthermore, we propose a novel feature selection algorithm for selecting features with more information from many variables with a combination of these features and machine learning methods were used to construct prediction models for predicting the health status of patients with periodontal disease. We identified a total of 12 phyla, 124 genera, and 355 species and observed differences between health- and periodontitis-associated bacterial communities at all phylogenetic levels. We discovered that the genera Porphyromonas, Treponema, Tannerella, Filifactor, and Aggregatibacter were more abundant in patients with periodontal disease, whereas Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Capnocytophaga, Gemella, Campylobacter, and Granulicatella were found at higher levels in healthy controls. Using our feature selection algorithm, random forests performed better in terms of predictive power than other methods and consumed the least amount of computational time.
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Munenaga S, Ouhara K, Hamamoto Y, Kajiya M, Takeda K, Yamasaki S, Kawai T, Mizuno N, Fujita T, Sugiyama E, Kurihara H. The involvement of C5a in the progression of experimental arthritis with Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in SKG mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:247. [PMID: 30390695 PMCID: PMC6235227 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological evidence to suggest that periodontal disease (PD) is involved in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is increasing. The complement system plays a critical role in immune responses. C5a has been implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases, including PD and RA. Porphyromonas gingivalis is the major causative bacteria of PD and can produce C5a. Therefore, it is hypothesized that P. gingivalis infection is involved in the progression of RA by elevating C5a levels. In the present study, P. gingivalis–infected RA model mice were established to investigate the involvement of C5a. Methods SKG mice orally infected with P. gingivalis were immunized with intraperitoneal injection of laminarin (LA) to induce arthritis. Arthritis development was assessed by arthritis score (AS), bone destruction on the talus, histology, and serum markers of RA. In order to investigate the effects of serum C5a on bone destruction, osteoclast differentiation of bone marrow mononuclear cells was examined by using serum samples from each group of mice. The relationship between C5a levels and antibody titers to periodontal pathogens in patients with RA was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results P. gingivalis oral infection increased AS, infiltration of inflammatory cells, bone destruction on the talus, and serum markers of RA in mice immunized with LA. The addition of serum from LA-injected mice with the P. gingivalis oral infection promoted osteoclast differentiation, and the addition of a neutralization antibody against C5a suppressed osteoclast differentiation. C5a levels of serum in RA patients with positive P. gingivalis antibody were elevated compared with those in RA patients with negative P. gingivalis antibody. Conclusions These results suggest that P. gingivalis infection enhances the progression of RA via C5a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syuichi Munenaga
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ouhara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Yuta Hamamoto
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Takeda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamasaki
- Division of Rheumatology, Kurume University Medical Center, 155-1 Kokubu-machi, Kurume, 839-0863, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Periodontology, Nova Southeastern University College of Dental Medicine, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Noriyoshi Mizuno
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fujita
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kurihara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
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