151
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Sang Y, Roest M, de Laat B, de Groot PG, Huskens D. Interplay between platelets and coagulation. Blood Rev 2020; 46:100733. [PMID: 32682574 PMCID: PMC7354275 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Haemostasis stops bleeding at the site of vascular injury and maintains the integrity of blood vessels through clot formation. This regulated physiological process consists of complex interactions between endothelial cells, platelets, von Willebrand factor and coagulation factors. Haemostasis is initiated by a damaged vessel wall, followed with a rapid adhesion, activation and aggregation of platelets to the exposed subendothelial extracellular matrix. At the same time, coagulation factors aggregate on the procoagulant surface of activated platelets to consolidate the platelet plug by forming a mesh of cross-linked fibrin. Platelets and coagulation mutually influence each other and there are strong indications that, thanks to the interplay between platelets and coagulation, haemostasis is far more effective than the two processes separately. Clinically this is relevant because impaired interaction between platelets and coagulation may result in bleeding complications, while excessive platelet-coagulation interaction induces a high thrombotic risk. In this review, platelets, coagulation factors and the complex interaction between them will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiu Sang
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Roest
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bas de Laat
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Dana Huskens
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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152
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ROS in Platelet Biology: Functional Aspects and Methodological Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144866. [PMID: 32660144 PMCID: PMC7402354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondria play a pivotal role in regulating platelet functions. Platelet activation determines a drastic change in redox balance and in platelet metabolism. Indeed, several signaling pathways have been demonstrated to induce ROS production by NAPDH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondria, upon platelet activation. Platelet-derived ROS, in turn, boost further ROS production and consequent platelet activation, adhesion and recruitment in an auto-amplifying loop. This vicious circle results in a platelet procoagulant phenotype and apoptosis, both accounting for the high thrombotic risk in oxidative stress-related diseases. This review sought to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying ROS production upon platelet activation and the effects of an altered redox balance on platelet function, focusing on the main advances that have been made in platelet redox biology. Furthermore, given the increasing interest in this field, we also describe the up-to-date methods for detecting platelets, ROS and the platelet bioenergetic profile, which have been proposed as potential disease biomarkers.
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153
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Loyau Inserm S, Faille D, Gautier P, Nurden P, Jandrot-Perrus M, Ajzenberg N. Absence of bleeding upon dual antiplatelet therapy in a patient with a immune GPVI deficiency. Platelets 2020; 32:705-709. [PMID: 32627625 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1787974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acquired deficiencies in platelet glycoprotein VI are rare and have not been found associated with other defects. Here we report the case of a 64-year old male patient presenting an immune GPVI deficiency associated to a mutation in the alpha-actinin gene and who has been treated with dual anti platelet therapy without bleeding.Introduction: Glycoprotein (GP) VI, a pluripotent receptor interacting with collagen and fibrin(ogen) is responsible for thrombus formation, growth and stability (1-4). It is co-expressed with the Fc receptor γ (FcRγ) chain (5). GPVI is not critical for haemostasis since subjects with a GPVI deficiency usually present low or even no bleeding tendency (6, 7). Acquired GPVI deficiency due to antibody-induced GPVI depletion is the most frequent finding. At least 10 patients have been described with an acquired GPVI deficiency, most often associated to immune thrombocytopenia, moderate bleeding and impaired collagen-induced platelet aggregation (7). Several mechanisms leading to the GPVI deficiency are proposed including antibody-triggered GPVI internalization and/or shedding of the extracellular domain (8, 9). We report the case of a patient presenting an acquired GPVI deficiency different from those previously described: (i) he is male whereas all previous cases were female, (ii) he is heterozygous for a mutation in α (alpha)-actinin-1 gene and (iii) he was treated with dual antiplatelet therapy with no haemorrhagic manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorothée Faille
- Inserm UMR_S1148, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Gautier
- Hemophilia Center, Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Paquita Nurden
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire LIRYC, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France
| | | | - Nadine Ajzenberg
- Inserm UMR_S1148, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
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154
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Gant P, McBride D, Humm K. Abnormal platelet activity in dogs and cats - impact and measurement. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:3-18. [PMID: 31919851 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal platelet activity can either lead to bleeding tendencies or inappropriate thrombus formation and can occur secondarily to a wide variety of disease processes, with a range of clinical consequences and severity. This article will discuss the pathophysiology of platelet function abnormalities and consider a logical diagnostic approach applicable to veterinary practice. Recent advances in platelet function testing will then be discussed, with regards to detection of platelet dysfunction and tailoring of pharmacological manipulation. Although many of these tests are still confined to research or academic institutions, techniques for indirectly assessing platelet function are starting to become more widely available. Although we still require further research to develop guidelines for the use of these tests in clinical decision-making, the recent advances in this field are an exciting step forward in being able to detect and manage platelet dysfunction in both primary care and referral practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gant
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals (QMHA), The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - D McBride
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals (QMHA), The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - K Humm
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals (QMHA), The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
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155
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Foster H, Wilson C, Philippou H, Foster R. Progress toward a Glycoprotein VI Modulator for the Treatment of Thrombosis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12213-12242. [PMID: 32463237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic thrombus formation accounts for the etiology of many serious conditions including myocardial infarction, stroke, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. Despite the development of numerous anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, the mortality rate associated with these diseases remains high. In recent years, however, significant epidemiological evidence and clinical models have emerged to suggest that modulation of the glycoprotein VI (GPVI) platelet receptor could be harnessed as a novel antiplatelet strategy. As such, many peptidic agents have been described in the past decade, while more recent efforts have focused on the development of small molecule modulators. Herein the rationale for targeting GPVI is summarized and the published GPVI modulators are reviewed, with particular focus on small molecules. A qualitative pharmacophore hypothesis for small molecule ligands at GPVI is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Foster
- School of Chemistry and Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Clare Wilson
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Helen Philippou
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Richard Foster
- School of Chemistry and Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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156
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Shedding of soluble glycoprotein VI is neither affected by animal-derived antibeta-2-glycoprotein 1 antibodies nor IgG fractions from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2020; 31:258-263. [DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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157
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Chaudhary PK, Kim S, Jee Y, Lee SH, Park KM, Kim S. Role of GRK6 in the Regulation of Platelet Activation through Selective G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Desensitization. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113932. [PMID: 32486261 PMCID: PMC7312169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate platelet function by mediating the response to various agonists, including adenosine diphosphate (ADP), thromboxane A2, and thrombin. Although GPCR kinases (GRKs) are considered to have the crucial roles in most GPCR functions, little is known regarding the regulation of GPCR signaling and mechanisms of GPCR desensitization by GRKs in platelets. In this study, we investigated the functional role of GRK6 and the molecular basis for regulation of specific GPCR desensitization by GRK6 in platelets. We used GRK6 knockout mice to evaluate the functional role of GRK6 in platelet activation. Platelet aggregation, dense- and α-granule secretion, and fibrinogen receptor activation induced by 2-MeSADP, U46619, thrombin, and AYPGKF were significantly potentiated in GRK6−/− platelets compared to the wild-type (WT) platelets. However, collagen-related peptide (CRP)-induced platelet aggregation and secretion were not affected in GRK6−/− platelets. Interestingly, platelet aggregation induced by co-stimulation of serotonin and epinephrine which activate Gq-coupled 5HT2A and Gz-coupled α2A adrenergic receptors, respectively, was not affected in GRK6−/− platelets, suggesting that GRK6 was involved in specific GPCR regulation. In addition, platelet aggregation in response to the second challenge of ADP and AYPGKF was restored in GRK6−/− platelets whereas re-stimulation of the agonist failed to induce aggregation in WT platelets, indicating that GRK6 contributed to P2Y1, P2Y12, and PAR4 receptor desensitization. Furthermore, 2-MeSADP-induced Akt phosphorylation and AYPGKF-induced Akt, extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), and protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) phosphorylation were significantly potentiated in GRK6−/− platelets. Finally, GRK6−/− mice exhibited an enhanced and stable thrombus formation after FeCl3 injury to the carotid artery and shorter tail bleeding times, indicating that GRK6−/− mice were more susceptible to thrombosis and hemostasis. We conclude that GRK6 plays an important role in regulating platelet functional responses and thrombus formation through selective GPCR desensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kumari Chaudhary
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (P.K.C.); (S.K.); (S.-H.L.); (K.-M.P.)
| | - Sanggu Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (P.K.C.); (S.K.); (S.-H.L.); (K.-M.P.)
| | - Youngheun Jee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (P.K.C.); (S.K.); (S.-H.L.); (K.-M.P.)
| | - Kyung-Mee Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (P.K.C.); (S.K.); (S.-H.L.); (K.-M.P.)
| | - Soochong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (P.K.C.); (S.K.); (S.-H.L.); (K.-M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-249-1846
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158
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Lv H, Tan R, Liao J, Hao Z, Yang X, Liu Y, Xia Y. Doxorubicin contributes to thrombus formation and vascular injury by interfering with platelet function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H133-H143. [PMID: 32469636 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00456.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In clinical studies, platelet aggregation and risk of thrombosis are increased in patients after doxorubicin treatment. However, the exact role of doxorubicin in platelet functions and thrombus formation in vivo remain unclear. The present study is to investigate the role of doxorubicin in platelet function in relation to thrombus formation and vascular toxicity, as well as the efficacy of antiplatelet therapy. Mice were treated with doxorubicin or vehicle (5 mg/kg iv, 4 wk), and the following parameters were determined: platelet count and size, platelet surface adhesive receptors by flow cytometry, density of granules by electron microscopy, platelet aggregation and degranulation at resting or agonist-stimulated state, platelet adhesion on fibrinogen or endothelial cells, and thrombus formation on collagen matrix. The efficacy of clopidogrel (15 mg·kg-1·day-1, followed by 5 mg·kg-1·day-1) on doxorubicin-induced changes in the aforementioned parameters as well as vascular injury were also determined. Whereas platelet count and size were similar between doxorubicin-treated and vehicle-treated mice, doxorubicin promoted thrombus formation evidenced by greater platelet aggregation, degranulation, and adhesion to endothelial cells evoked by agonists. Clopidogrel treatment attenuated the enhanced platelet activity and thrombus formation by doxorubicin, as well as vascular platelet infiltration and reactive oxygen species generation. Collectively, this study demonstrates that platelet functions are enhanced after long-term doxorubicin administration, which leads to thrombus formation and vascular toxicity, and that doxorubicin-induced changes in the functionality of platelets can be effectively inhibited by antiplatelet drugs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Doxorubicin therapy in mice (antitumor dosage) markedly enhanced platelet functions measured as agonist-induced platelet aggregation, degranulation, and adhesion to endothelial cells, actions leading to thrombus formation and thrombosis-independent vascular injury. Clopidogrel treatment ameliorated thrombus formation and vascular toxicity induced by doxorubicin via inhibiting platelet activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichen Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruopeng Tan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiawei Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhujing Hao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaolei Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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159
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Horev MB, Zabary Y, Zarka R, Sorrentino S, Medalia O, Zaritsky A, Geiger B. Differential dynamics of early stages of platelet adhesion and spreading on collagen IV- and fibrinogen-coated surfaces. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 32566134 PMCID: PMC7281675 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.23598.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Upon wound formation, platelets adhere to the neighboring extracellular matrix and spread on it, a process which is critical for physiological wound healing. Multiple external factors, such as the molecular composition of the environment and its mechanical properties, play a key role in this process and direct its speed and outcome. Methods: We combined live cell imaging, quantitative interference reflection microscopy and cryo-electron tomography to characterize, at a single platelet level, the differential spatiotemporal dynamics of the adhesion process to fibrinogen- and collagen IV-functionalized surfaces. Results: Initially, platelets sense both substrates by transient rapid extensions of filopodia. On collagen IV, a short-term phase of filopodial extension is followed by lamellipodia-based spreading. This transition is preceded by the extension of a single or couple of microtubules into the platelet's periphery and their apparent insertion into the core of the filopodia. On fibrinogen surfaces, the filopodia-to-lamellipodia transition was partial and microtubule extension was not observed leading to limited spreading, which could be restored by manganese or thrombin. Conclusions: Based on these results, we propose that interaction with collagen IV stimulate platelets to extend microtubules to peripheral filopodia, which in turn, enhances filopodial-to-lamellipodial transition and overall lamellipodia-based spreading. Fibrinogen, on the other hand, fails to induce these early microtubule extensions, leading to full lamellipodia spreading in only a fraction of the seeded platelets. We further suggest that activation of integrin αIIbβ3 is essential for filopodial-to-lamellipodial transition, based on the capacity of integrin activators to enhance lamellipodia spreading on fibrinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie B Horev
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yishaia Zabary
- Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Revital Zarka
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Simona Sorrentino
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Assaf Zaritsky
- Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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160
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Yang L, Zang G, Li J, Li X, Li Y, Zhao Y. Cell-derived biomimetic nanoparticles as a novel drug delivery system for atherosclerosis: predecessors and perspectives. Regen Biomater 2020; 7:349-358. [PMID: 32793380 PMCID: PMC7414994 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a key mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. In the field of precision medicine for the treatment of atherosclerosis, nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery systems have great potential, owing to their ability to release treatment locally. Cell-derived biomimetic NPs have attracted extensive attention at present due to their excellent targeting to atherosclerotic inflammatory sites, low immunogenicity and long blood circulation time. Here, we review the utility of cell-derived biomimetic NPs, including whole cells, cell membranes and extracellular vesicles, in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guangchao Zang
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuanzhu Li
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yinping Zhao
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
- Correspondence address. Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China. Tel: +86 18883256765; E-mail:
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161
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Zhou Y, Chen X, Cao J, Gao H. Overcoming the biological barriers in the tumor microenvironment for improving drug delivery and efficacy. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:6765-6781. [PMID: 32315375 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00649a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of drugs to tumors by nanoparticles is a rapidly growing field. However, the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) barriers greatly hinder drug delivery to tumors. In this study, we first summarized the barriers in TME, including anomalous vasculature, rigid extracellular matrix, hypoxia, acidic pH, irregular enzyme level, altered metabolism pathway and immunosuppressive conditions. To overcome these barriers, many strategies have been developed, such as modulating TME, active targeting by ligand modification and biomimetic strategies, and TME-responsive drug delivery strategies to improve nanoparticle penetration, cellular uptake and drug release. Although extensive progress has been achieved, there are still many challenges, which are discussed in the last section. Overall, we carefully discuss the landscape of TME, development for improving drug delivery, and challenges that need to be further addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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162
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Lordan R, Tsoupras A, Zabetakis I. Platelet activation and prothrombotic mediators at the nexus of inflammation and atherosclerosis: Potential role of antiplatelet agents. Blood Rev 2020; 45:100694. [PMID: 32340775 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are central to inflammation-related manifestations of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as atherosclerosis. Platelet-activating factor (PAF), thrombin, thromboxane A2 (TxA2), and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) are some of the key agonists of platelet activation that are at the intersection between a plethora of inflammatory pathways that modulate pro-inflammatory and coagulation processes. The aim of this article is to review the role of platelets and the relationship between their structure, function, and the interactions of their constituents in systemic inflammation and atherosclerosis. Antiplatelet therapies are discussed with a view to primary prevention of CVD by the clinical reduction of platelet reactivity and inflammation. Current antiplatelet therapies are effective in reducing cardiovascular risk but increase bleeding risk. Novel therapeutic antiplatelet approaches beyond current pharmacological modalities that do not increase the risk of bleeding require further investigation. There is potential for specifically designed nutraceuticals that may become safer alternatives to pharmacological antiplatelet agents for the primary prevention of CVD but there is serious concern over their efficacy and regulation, which requires considerably more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Lordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA.
| | - Alexandros Tsoupras
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ioannis Zabetakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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163
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Li Y, Wang B, Li B. The in vitro bioavailability of anti-platelet peptides in collagen hydrolysate from silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) skin. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13226. [PMID: 32266991 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous animal experiments indicated collagen hydrolysates (CHs) intake decreased platelet release indicators in plasma and highlight potential applications as healthcare supplements to combat cardiovascular disease. The oligopeptides (GPR, GPRG, and GPRGP) have anti-platelet activities. However, it is still unclear whether they are bioactive compounds in CHs from silver carp skin. We investigated the bioavailability of oligopeptides using simulated gastrointestinal digestion and Caco-2 model. Anti-thrombotic activities, in vitro platelet aggregation and formation of platelet thrombus, were evaluated. They resisted gastrointestinal digestion and could be absorbed by Caco-2. Oligopeptides inhibited platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate and thrombin with IC50 of 0.160, 0.283, 0.251 mg/ml and 0.714, 1.008, 0.917 mg/ml for GPR, GPRG, and GPRGP, respectively. Oligopeptides prolonged the time of platelet thrombus and inhibited coagulation cascades, but CHs performed no bleeding side effect. These results confirmed that oligopeptides could be used as bioactive compounds of dietary supplements for pre-thrombotic to prevent thrombosis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Oligopeptides, GPR, GPRG, and GPRGP, derived from silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) skin collagen, performed anti-thrombotic activities from their anti-platelet aggregation and anticoagulation activities. But the collagen hydrolysates containing these peptides had no side effect of bleeding in the mice model. Furthermore, this study investigated the bioavailability of these three bioactive peptides by the Caco-2 cells model. Thus, oligopeptides GPR, GPRG, and GPRGP are a potential index of bioactive compounds in the preparation of anti-thrombotic functional foods or healthcare supplements for people at the pre-thrombotic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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164
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Zhou J, Kroll AV, Holay M, Fang RH, Zhang L. Biomimetic Nanotechnology toward Personalized Vaccines. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1901255. [PMID: 31206841 PMCID: PMC6918015 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
While traditional approaches for disease management in the era of modern medicine have saved countless lives and enhanced patient well-being, it is clear that there is significant room to improve upon the current status quo. For infectious diseases, the steady rise of antibiotic resistance has resulted in super pathogens that do not respond to most approved drugs. In the field of cancer treatment, the idea of a cure-all silver bullet has long been abandoned. As a result of the challenges facing current treatment and prevention paradigms in the clinic, there is an increasing push for personalized therapeutics, where plans for medical care are established on a patient-by-patient basis. Along these lines, vaccines, both against bacteria and tumors, are a clinical modality that could benefit significantly from personalization. Effective vaccination strategies could help to address many challenging disease conditions, but current vaccines are limited by factors such as a lack of potency and antigenic breadth. Recently, researchers have turned toward the use of biomimetic nanotechnology as a means of addressing these hurdles. Recent progress in the development of biomimetic nanovaccines for antibacterial and anticancer applications is discussed, with an emphasis on their potential for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ashley V Kroll
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Maya Holay
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ronnie H Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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165
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Therapeutic strategies for thrombosis: new targets and approaches. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:333-352. [PMID: 32132678 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants are a mainstay for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis. However, despite advances in antithrombotic therapy, a fundamental challenge is the side effect of bleeding. Improved understanding of the mechanisms of haemostasis and thrombosis has revealed new targets for attenuating thrombosis with the potential for less bleeding, including glycoprotein VI on platelets and factor XIa of the coagulation system. The efficacy and safety of new agents are currently being evaluated in phase III trials. This Review provides an overview of haemostasis and thrombosis, details the current landscape of antithrombotic agents, addresses challenges with preventing thromboembolic events in patients at high risk and describes the emerging therapeutic strategies that may break the inexorable link between antithrombotic therapy and bleeding risk.
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166
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Abstract
Although the hemostatic potential of adult platelets has been investigated extensively, regulation of platelet function during fetal life is less clear. Recent studies have provided increasing evidence for a developmental control of platelet function during fetal ontogeny. Fetal platelets feature distinct differences in reactive properties compared with adults. These differences very likely reflect a modified hemostatic and homeostatic environment in which platelet hyporeactivity contributes to prevent pathological clot formation on the one hand but still ensures sufficient hemostasis on the other hand. In this review, recent findings on the ontogeny of platelet function and reactivity are summarized, and implications for clinical practice are critically discussed. This includes current platelet-transfusion practice and its potential risk in premature infants and neonates.
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167
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Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is an important signaling molecule that, once activated, leads to the generation of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3). We performed a proteomic screen to identify PIP3-interacting proteins in human platelets. Among these proteins, we found engulfment and cell motility 1 (ELMO1), a scaffold protein with no catalytic activity. ELMO1 is expressed in platelets and interacts with active RhoG. However, the function of ELMO1 in platelets is not known. The focus of this study was to determine the function of ELMO1 in platelets utilizing ELMO1-/- mice. Platelet aggregation, granule secretion, integrin αIIbβ3 activation, and thromboxane generation were enhanced in ELMO1-/- platelets in response to glycoprotein VI (GPVI) agonists but unaltered when a protease-activated receptor 4 agonist was used. The kinetics of spreading on immobilized fibrinogen was enhanced in ELMO1-/- platelets compared with wild-type (WT) littermate controls. This suggests that ELMO1 plays a role downstream of the GPVI and integrin αIIbβ3 pathway. Furthermore, whole blood from ELMO1-/- mice perfused over collagen exhibited enhanced thrombus formation compared with WT littermate controls. ELMO1-/- mice showed reduced survival compared with control following pulmonary embolism. ELMO1-/- mice also exhibited a shorter time to occlusion using the ferric-chloride injury model and reduced bleeding times compared with WT littermate controls. These results indicate that ELMO1 plays an important role in hemostasis and thrombosis in vivo. RhoG activity was enhanced in ELMO1-/- murine platelets compared with WT littermate controls in response to GPVI agonist. Together, these data suggest that ELMO1 negatively regulates GPVI-mediated thrombus formation via RhoG.
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168
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The endothelial barrier and cancer metastasis: Does the protective facet of platelet function matter? Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113886. [PMID: 32113813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Overwhelming evidence suggests that platelets have a detrimental role in promoting cancer spread via platelet-cancer cell interactions linked to thrombotic mechanisms. On the other hand, a beneficial role of platelets in the preservation of the endothelial barrier in inflammatory conditions has been recently described, a phenomenon that could also operate in cancer-related inflammation. It is tempting to speculate that some antiplatelet strategies to combat cancer metastasis may impair the endogenous platelet-dependent mechanisms preserving endothelial barrier function. If the protective function of platelets is impaired, it may lead to increased endothelial permeability and more efficient cancer cell intravasation in the primary tumor and cancer cell extravasation at metastatic sites. In this commentary, we discuss current evidence that could support this hypothesis.
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169
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease in which a variety of circulating pro-inflammatory cells and dysregulated molecules are involved in disease aetiology and progression. Platelets are an important cellular element in the circulation that can bind several dysregulated molecules (such as collagen, thrombin and fibrinogen) that are present both in the synovium and the circulation of patients with RA. Platelets not only respond to dysregulated molecules in their environment but also transport and express their own inflammatory mediators, and serve as regulators at the boundary between haemostasis and immunity. Activated platelets also produce microparticles, which further convey signalling molecules and receptors to the synovium and circulation, thereby positioning these platelet-derived particles as strategic regulators of inflammation. These diverse functions come together to make platelets facilitators of cellular crosstalk in RA. Thus, the receptor functions, ligand binding potential and dysregulated signalling pathways in platelets are becoming increasingly important for treatment in RA. This Review aims to highlight the role of platelets in RA and the need to closely examine platelets as health indicators when designing effective pharmaceutical targets in this disease.
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170
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Tscharre M, Michelson AD, Gremmel T. Novel Antiplatelet Agents in Cardiovascular Disease. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2020; 25:191-200. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248419899314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Antiplatelet therapy reduces atherothrombotic risk and has therefore become a cornerstone in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Aspirin, adenosine diphosphate P2Y12 receptor antagonists, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, and the thrombin receptor blocker vorapaxar are effective antiplatelet agents but significantly increase the risk of bleeding. Moreover, atherothrombotic events still impair the prognosis of many patients with cardiovascular disease despite established antiplatelet therapy. Over the last years, advances in the understanding of thrombus formation and hemostasis led to the discovery of various new receptors and signaling pathways of platelet activation. As a consequence, many new antiplatelet agents with high antithrombotic efficacy and supposedly only moderate effects on regular hemostasis have been developed and yielded promising results in preclinical and early clinical studies. Although their long journey from animal studies to randomized clinical trials and finally administration in daily clinical routine has just begun, some of the new agents may in the future become meaningful additions to the pharmacological armamentarium in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Tscharre
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Nephrology, Landesklinikum Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Cardiac Electrophysiology, Karl Landsteiner Society, St Poelten, Austria
| | - Alan D. Michelson
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Gremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Nephrology, Landesklinikum Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Cardiac Electrophysiology, Karl Landsteiner Society, St Poelten, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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171
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Zhang M, Ye JJ, Xia Y, Wang ZY, Li CX, Wang XS, Yu W, Song W, Feng J, Zhang XZ. Platelet-Mimicking Biotaxis Targeting Vasculature-Disrupted Tumors for Cascade Amplification of Hypoxia-Sensitive Therapy. ACS NANO 2019; 13:14230-14240. [PMID: 31714733 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumorous vasculature plays key roles in sustaining tumor growth. Vascular disruption is accompanied by internal coagulation along with platelet recruitment and the resulting suppression of oxygen supply. We intend to artificially create this physiological process to establish the mutual feedback between vascular disruption and platelet-mimicking biotaxis for the cascade amplification of hypoxia-dependent therapy. To prove this concept, mesoporous silica nanoparticles are co-loaded with a hypoxia-activated prodrug (HAP) and a vessel-disruptive agent and then coated with platelet membranes. Upon entering into tumors, our nanotherapeutic can disrupt local vasculature for tumor inhibition. This platelet membrane-coated nanoplatform shares the hemorrhage-tropic function with parental platelets and can be persistently recruited by the vasculature-disrupted tumors. In this way, the intratumoral vascular disruption and tumor targeting are biologically interdependent and mutually reinforced. Relying on this mutual feedback, tumorous hypoxia was largely promoted by more than 20-fold, accounting for the effective recovery of the HAP's cytotoxicity. Consequently, our bioinspired nanodesign has demonstrated highly specific and effective antitumor potency via the biologically driven cooperation among intratumoral vascular disruption, platelet-mimicking biotaxis, cascade hypoxia amplification, and hypoxia-sensitive chemotherapy. This study offers a paradigm of correlating the therapeutic design with the physiologically occurring events to achieve better therapy performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jie Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chu-Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wuyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Song
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
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172
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Wan W, Ye Y, Wang H, Li L, Gu Y, Yang L, Yang L, Liu H, Meng C, Li D, Wang Z, Meng Z. Platelet Carcinoembryonic Antigen Cell Adhesion Molecule 5 (CEACAM5) as a Possible Novel Diagnostic Tool for Evaluation of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:9864-9874. [PMID: 31865362 PMCID: PMC6938652 DOI: 10.12659/msm.918913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) occurs approximately every 40 seconds, and was an underlying cause of death in 1 out of every 7 deaths. More accurate indicators are needed to distinguish patients with ACS from patients manifesting negative changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) and myocardial enzymes. This study aimed to investigate whether the expression of platelet carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule-5 (CEACAM5/CEA/CD66e) could help predict ACS. Material/Methods We enrolled 82 participants (mean age 60 years, 33 females and 49 males). The expression of CEA on washed human platelets was assessed using two-color flow cytometry. The CEA levels on platelets and in serum of these 82 consecutive patients were detected using two-color whole-blood flow cytometry analysis and a custom-made Luminex multiplex assay, respectively. Results CEA was expressed on the surface of human platelets. The expression of platelet CEA (P<0.01), but not serum CEA (P=0.30), was significantly higher in patients with ACS compared to patients with normal coronary artery. Increased platelet CEA levels could serve as a new independent indicator for ACS (P=0.0003). Platelet CEA testing (P=0.000002), as well as cardiac troponin I (cTnI) (P=0.0005), can diagnose ACS with high sensitivity and specificity, and, combined with cTnI (P<0.0001), can improve the diagnostic value. Conclusions Platelet CEA expression was higher in individuals presenting with ACS. Hence, platelet CEA might be a novel and reliable biomarker for ACS. Large-scale studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yujia Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Huawei Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Longjun Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yajuan Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Lai Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Lihong Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Han Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Chao Meng
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Deng Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhe Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhaohui Meng
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
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173
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Mizutani D, Onuma T, Tanabe K, Kojima A, Uematsu K, Nakashima D, Doi T, Enomoto Y, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Tokuda H, Ogura S, Iida H, Kozawa O, Iwama T. Olive polyphenol reduces the collagen-elicited release of phosphorylated HSP27 from human platelets. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 84:536-543. [PMID: 31760852 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1697196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) and oleuropein (OLE) are natural polyphenols found in extra virgin olive oil. Accumulating evidence indicates that ingestion of olive oil contributes to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and stroke. It has been reported that HT and OLE inhibit human platelet aggregation. We have shown that collagen induces the phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in human platelets, resulting in the release of HSP27, an extracellular pro-inflammatory agent. In this study, we investigated the effects of HT and OLE on the collagen-stimulated human platelet activation. The PDGF-AB secretion and the soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) release by collagen were reduced by HT or OLE. HT and OLE significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of HSP27 and the release of phosphorylated-HSP27. These findings suggest that olive polyphenol reduces the collagen-stimulated phosphorylation of HSP27 in human platelets and the release. Our results may provide a novel anti- inflammatory effect of olive polyphenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Mizutani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Onuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kumiko Tanabe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akiko Kojima
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kodai Uematsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Daiki Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Doi
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukiko Enomoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Clinical Labolatory/Medical Genome Center Biobank, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Shinji Ogura
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Osamu Kozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toru Iwama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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174
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Zindel J, Kubes P. DAMPs, PAMPs, and LAMPs in Immunity and Sterile Inflammation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2019; 15:493-518. [PMID: 31675482 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recognizing the importance of leukocyte trafficking in inflammation led to some therapeutic breakthroughs. However, many inflammatory pathologies remain without specific therapy. This review discusses leukocytes in the context of sterile inflammation, a process caused by sterile (non-microbial) molecules, comprising damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs bind specific receptors to activate inflammation and start a highly optimized sequence of immune cell recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes to initiate effective tissue repair. When DAMPs are cleared, the recruited leukocytes change from a proinflammatory to a reparative program, a switch that is locally supervised by invariant natural killer T cells. In addition, neutrophils exit the inflammatory site and reverse transmigrate back to the bloodstream. Inflammation persists when the program switch or reverse transmigration fails, or when the coordinated leukocyte effort cannot clear the immunostimulatory molecules. The latter causes inappropriate leukocyte activation, a driver of many pathologies associated with poor lifestyle choices. We discuss lifestyle-associated inflammatory diseases and their corresponding immunostimulatory lifestyle-associated molecular patterns (LAMPs) and distinguish them from DAMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Zindel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; .,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; .,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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175
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Stegner D, Klaus V, Nieswandt B. Platelets as Modulators of Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2505. [PMID: 31736950 PMCID: PMC6838001 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is among the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. In acute ischemic stroke, the rapid recanalization of occluded cranial vessels is the primary therapeutic aim. However, experimental data (obtained using mostly the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model) indicates that progressive stroke can still develop despite successful recanalization, a process termed "reperfusion injury." Mounting experimental evidence suggests that platelets and T cells contribute to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and ischemic stroke is increasingly considered a thrombo-inflammatory disease. The interaction of von Willebrand factor and its receptor on the platelet surface, glycoprotein Ib, as well as many activatory platelet receptors and platelet degranulation contribute to secondary infarct growth in this setting. In contrast, interference with GPIIb/IIIa-dependent platelet aggregation and thrombus formation does not improve the outcome of acute brain ischemia but dramatically increases the susceptibility to intracranial hemorrhage. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms and the potential translational impact of platelet contributions to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stegner
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine–Department I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Klaus
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine–Department I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine–Department I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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176
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Blair
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew L. Frelinger
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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177
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Teixeira C, Fernandes CM, Leiguez E, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. Inflammation Induced by Platelet-Activating Viperid Snake Venoms: Perspectives on Thromboinflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2082. [PMID: 31572356 PMCID: PMC6737392 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Envenomation by viperid snakes is characterized by systemic thrombotic syndrome and prominent local inflammation. To date, the mechanisms underlying inflammation and blood coagulation induced by Viperidae venoms have been viewed as distinct processes. However, studies on the mechanisms involved in these processes have revealed several factors and signaling molecules that simultaneously act in both the innate immune and hemostatic systems, suggesting an overlap between both systems during viper envenomation. Moreover, distinct classes of venom toxins involved in these effects have also been identified. However, the interplay between inflammation and hemostatic alterations, referred as to thromboinflammation, has never been addressed in the investigation of viper envenomation. Considering that platelets are important targets of viper snake venoms and are critical for the process of thromboinflammation, in this review, we summarize the inflammatory effects and mechanisms induced by viper snake venoms, particularly from the Bothrops genus, which strongly activate platelet functions and highlight selected venom components (metalloproteases and C-type lectins) that both stimulate platelet functions and exhibit pro-inflammatory activities, thus providing insights into the possible role(s) of thromboinflammation in viper envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Teixeira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.,Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Maria Fernandes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.,Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elbio Leiguez
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.,Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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178
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Cobalt hematoporphyrin inhibits CLEC-2-podoplanin interaction, tumor metastasis, and arterial/venous thrombosis in mice. Blood Adv 2019; 2:2214-2225. [PMID: 30190281 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018016261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The platelet activation receptor C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) interacts with podoplanin on the surface of certain types of tumor cells, and this interaction facilitates tumor metastasis. CLEC-2 is also involved in thrombus formation and its stabilization. Because CLEC-2-depleted mice are protected from experimental lung metastasis and thrombus formation and do not show increased bleeding time, CLEC-2 may serve as a good target for antimetastatic or antithrombotic drugs. We screened 6770 compounds for their capability to inhibit CLEC-2-podoplanin binding using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the first screening round, 63 compounds were identified and further evaluated by flow cytometry using CLEC-2-expressing cells. We identified protoporphyrin IX (H2-PP) as the most potent inhibitor and modified its hematoporphyrin moiety to be complexed with cobalt (cobalt hematoporphyrin [Co-HP]), which resulted in an inhibitory potency much stronger than that of H2-PP. Surface plasmon resonance analysis and molecular docking study showed that Co-HP binds directly to CLEC-2 at N120, N210, and K211, previously unknown podoplanin-binding sites; this binding was confirmed by analysis of CLEC-2 mutants with alterations in N120 and/or K211. Co-HP at a concentration of 1.53 μM inhibited platelet aggregation mediated through CLEC-2, but not that mediated through other receptors. IV administration of Co-HP to mice significantly inhibited hematogenous metastasis of podoplanin-expressing B16F10 cells to the lung as well as in vivo arterial and venous thrombosis, without a significant increase in tail-bleeding time. Thus, Co-HP may be a promising molecule for antimetastatic and antiplatelet treatment that does not cause bleeding tendency.
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179
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Vögtle T, Sharma S, Mori J, Nagy Z, Semeniak D, Scandola C, Geer MJ, Smith CW, Lane J, Pollack S, Lassila R, Jouppila A, Barr AJ, Ogg DJ, Howard TD, McMiken HJ, Warwicker J, Geh C, Rowlinson R, Abbott WM, Eckly A, Schulze H, Wright GJ, Mazharian A, Fütterer K, Rajesh S, Douglas MR, Senis YA. Heparan sulfates are critical regulators of the inhibitory megakaryocyte-platelet receptor G6b-B. eLife 2019; 8:e46840. [PMID: 31436532 PMCID: PMC6742478 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM)-containing receptor G6b-B is critical for platelet production and activation. Loss of G6b-B results in severe macrothrombocytopenia, myelofibrosis and aberrant platelet function in mice and humans. Using a combination of immunohistochemistry, affinity chromatography and proteomics, we identified the extracellular matrix heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan perlecan as a G6b-B binding partner. Subsequent in vitro biochemical studies and a cell-based genetic screen demonstrated that the interaction is specifically mediated by the HS chains of perlecan. Biophysical analysis revealed that heparin forms a high-affinity complex with G6b-B and mediates dimerization. Using platelets from humans and genetically modified mice, we demonstrate that binding of G6b-B to HS and multivalent heparin inhibits platelet and megakaryocyte function by inducing downstream signaling via the tyrosine phosphatases Shp1 and Shp2. Our findings provide novel insights into how G6b-B is regulated and contribute to our understanding of the interaction of megakaryocytes and platelets with glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Vögtle
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Sumana Sharma
- Cell Surface Signalling LaboratoryWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jun Mori
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Zoltan Nagy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniela Semeniak
- Institute of Experimental BiomedicineUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Cyril Scandola
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Etablissement Français du Sang Grand Est, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Mitchell J Geer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Christopher W Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Jordan Lane
- Sygnature Discovery LimitedNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Riitta Lassila
- Coagulation Disorders Unit, Department of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Helsinki, Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Aplagon OyHelsinkiFinland
| | - Annukka Jouppila
- Coagulation Disorders UnitHelsinki University Hospital Research InstituteHelsinkiFinland
| | - Alastair J Barr
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science & TechnologyUniversity of WestminsterLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Derek J Ogg
- Peak Proteins LimitedAlderley ParkCheshireUnited Kingdom
| | - Tina D Howard
- Peak Proteins LimitedAlderley ParkCheshireUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Juli Warwicker
- Peak Proteins LimitedAlderley ParkCheshireUnited Kingdom
| | - Catherine Geh
- Peak Proteins LimitedAlderley ParkCheshireUnited Kingdom
| | | | - W Mark Abbott
- Peak Proteins LimitedAlderley ParkCheshireUnited Kingdom
| | - Anita Eckly
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Etablissement Français du Sang Grand Est, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Harald Schulze
- Institute of Experimental BiomedicineUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Gavin J Wright
- Cell Surface Signalling LaboratoryWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Mazharian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Klaus Fütterer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Sundaresan Rajesh
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael R Douglas
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Department of NeurologyDudley Group NHS Foundation TrustDudleyUnited Kingdom
- School of Life and Health SciencesAston UniversityBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Yotis A Senis
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Etablissement Français du Sang Grand Est, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
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180
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Hoop CL, Kemraj AP, Wang B, Gahlawat S, Godesky M, Zhu J, Warren HR, Case DA, Shreiber DI, Baum J. Molecular underpinnings of integrin binding to collagen-mimetic peptides containing vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome-associated substitutions. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14442-14453. [PMID: 31406019 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagens carry out critical extracellular matrix (ECM) functions by interacting with numerous cell receptors and ECM components. Single glycine substitutions in collagen III, which predominates in vascular walls, result in vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS), leading to arterial, uterine, and intestinal rupture and an average life expectancy of <50 years. Collagen interactions with integrin α2β1 are vital for platelet adhesion and activation; however, how these interactions are impacted by vEDS-associated mutations and by specific amino acid substitutions is unclear. Here, we designed collagen-mimetic peptides (CMPs) with previously reported Gly → Xaa (Xaa = Ala, Arg, or Val) vEDS substitutions within a high-affinity integrin α2β1-binding motif, GROGER. We used these peptides to investigate, at atomic-level resolution, how these amino acid substitutions affect the collagen III-integrin α2β1 interaction. Using a multitiered approach combining biological adhesion assays, CD, NMR, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we found that these substitutions differentially impede human mesenchymal stem cell spreading and integrin α2-inserted (α2I) domain binding to the CMPs and were associated with triple-helix destabilization. Although an Ala substitution locally destabilized hydrogen bonding and enhanced mobility, it did not significantly reduce the CMP-integrin interactions. MD simulations suggested that bulkier Gly → Xaa substitutions differentially disrupt the CMP-α2I interaction. The Gly → Arg substitution destabilized CMP-α2I side-chain interactions, and the Gly → Val change broke the essential Mg2+ coordination. The relationship between the loss of functional binding and the type of vEDS substitution provides a foundation for developing potential therapies for managing collagen disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody L Hoop
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Allysa P Kemraj
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Baifan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Sonal Gahlawat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Madison Godesky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Haley R Warren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - David A Case
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - David I Shreiber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Jean Baum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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181
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Semeniak D, Faber K, Öftering P, Manukjan G, Schulze H. Impact of Itga2-Gp6-double collagen receptor deficient mice for bone marrow megakaryocytes and platelets. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216839. [PMID: 31398205 PMCID: PMC6688823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The two main collagen receptors on platelets, GPVI and integrin α2β1, play an important role for the recognition of exposed collagen at sites of vessel injury, which leads to platelet activation and subsequently stable thrombus formation. Both receptors are already expressed on megakaryocytes, the platelet forming cells within the bone marrow. Megakaryocytes are in permanent contact with collagen filaments in the marrow cavity and at the basal lamina of sinusoids without obvious preactivation. The role of both collagen receptors for megakaryocyte maturation and thrombopoiesis is still poorly understood. To investigate the function of both collagen receptors, we generated mice that are double deficient for Gp6 and Itga2. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that the deficiency of both receptors had no impact on platelet number and led to the expected lack in GPVI responsiveness. Integrin activation and degranulation ability was comparable to wildtype mice. By immunofluorescence microscopy, we could demonstrate that both wildtype and double-deficient megakaryocytes were overall normally distributed within the bone marrow. We found megakaryocyte count and size to be normal, the localization within the bone marrow, the degree of maturation, as well as their association to sinusoids were also unaltered. However, the contact of megakaryocytes to collagen type I filaments was decreased at sinusoids compared to wildtype mice, while the interaction to type IV collagen was unaffected. Our results imply that GPVI and α2β1 have no influence on the localization of megakaryocytes within the bone marrow, their association to the sinusoids or their maturation. The decreased contact of megakaryocytes to collagen type I might at least partially explain the unaltered platelet phenotype in these mice, since proplatelet formation is mediated by these receptors and their interaction to collagen. It is rather likely that other compensatory signaling pathways and receptors play a role that needs to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Semeniak
- Dept. of Experimental Biomedicine, Chair I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Faber
- Dept. of Experimental Biomedicine, Chair I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Öftering
- Dept. of Experimental Biomedicine, Chair I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georgi Manukjan
- Dept. of Experimental Biomedicine, Chair I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Schulze
- Dept. of Experimental Biomedicine, Chair I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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182
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Pretorius E. Platelets as Potent Signaling Entities in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:532-545. [PMID: 31196615 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease with a dysregulated circulating inflammatory molecule tendency. T2DM is closely associated with systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular risk, and increased clotting susceptibility. Platelets have fundamental roles in the development and propagation of inflammation and cardiovascular risk. They signal through membrane receptors, resulting in (hyper)activation and release of inflammatory molecules from platelet compartments. This review highlights how circulating inflammatory molecules, acting as platelet receptor ligands, interact with platelets, causing platelets to be potent drivers of systemic inflammation. We conclude by suggesting that focused platelet research in T2DM is an important avenue to pursue to identify novel therapeutic targets, and that platelets could be used as cellular activity sensors themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
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183
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Xiang Q, Pang X, Liu Z, Yang G, Tao W, Pei Q, Cui Y. Progress in the development of antiplatelet agents: Focus on the targeted molecular pathway from bench to clinic. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 203:107393. [PMID: 31356909 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Antiplatelet drugs serve as a first-line antithrombotic therapy for the management of acute ischemic events and the prevention of secondary complications in vascular diseases. Numerous antiplatelet therapies have been developed; however, currently available agents are still associated with inadequate efficacy, risk of bleeding, and variability in individual response. Understanding the mechanisms of platelet involvement in thrombosis and the clinical development process of antiplatelet agents is critical for the discovery of novel agents. The functions of platelets in thrombosis are regulated by two major mechanisms: the interaction between surface receptors and their ligands, and the downstream intracellular signaling pathways. Recently, most of the progress made in antiplatelet drug development has been achieved with P2Y receptor antagonists. Additionally, the usage of GP IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists has decreased, because it is associated with a higher risk of bleeding and thrombocytopenia. Agents targeting other platelet surface receptors such as PARs, TP receptor, EP3 receptor, GPIb-IX-V receptor, P-selectin, as well as intracellular signaling factors, such as PI3Kβ, have been evaluated in an attempt to develop the next generation of antiplatelet drugs, reduce or eliminate interpatient variability of drug efficacy and significantly lower the risk of drug-induced bleeding. The aim of this review is to describe the pathways of platelet activation in thrombosis, and summarize the development process of antiplatelet agents, as well as the preclinical and clinical evaluations performed on these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No. 6, Da Hong Luo Chang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xiaocong Pang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No. 6, Da Hong Luo Chang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Zhenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guoping Yang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Research Center of Drug Clinical Evaluation of Central South University, 138 TongZiPo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Weikang Tao
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Research Center of Drug Clinical Evaluation of Central South University, 138 TongZiPo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Qi Pei
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., 279 Wenjing Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, No. 6, Da Hong Luo Chang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China.
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184
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Nurden AT. Clinical significance of altered collagen-receptor functioning in platelets with emphasis on glycoprotein VI. Blood Rev 2019; 38:100592. [PMID: 31351674 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Much interest surrounds the receptors α2β1 and glycoprotein VI (GPVI) whose synchronized action mediates the attachment and activation of platelets on collagen, essential for preventing blood loss but also the most thrombogenic component of the vessel wall. Subject to density variations on platelets through natural polymorphisms, the absence of α2β1 or GPVI uniquely leads to a substantial block of hemostasis without causing major bleeding. Specific to the megakaryocyte lineage, GPVI and its signaling pathways are most promising targets for anti-thrombotic therapy. This review looks at the clinical consequences of the loss of collagen receptor function with emphasis on both the inherited and acquired loss of GPVI with brief mention of mouse models when necessary. A detailed survey of rare case reports of patients with inherited disease-causing variants of the GP6 gene is followed by an assessment of the causes and clinical consequences of acquired GPVI deficiency, a more frequent finding most often due to antibody-induced platelet GPVI shedding. Release of soluble GPVI is brought about by platelet metalloproteinases; a process induced by ligand or antibody binding to GPVI or even high shear forces. Also included is an assessment of the clinical importance of GPVI-mediated platelet interactions with fibrin and of the promise shown by the pharmacological inhibition of GPVI in a cardiovascular context. The role for GPVI in platelet function in inflammation and in the evolution and treatment of major illnesses such as rheumatoid arthritis, cancer and sepsis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan T Nurden
- Institut de Rhythmologie et de Modélisation Cardiaque, PTIB, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, 33600 Pessac, France.
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185
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Developments in inhibiting platelet aggregation based on different design strategies. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1757-1775. [PMID: 31288579 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet aggregation is the central event in hemostasis and thrombosis. Up to now, many agents inhibiting platelet aggregation have been approved for the treatment of thrombotic disorders. In this review, we mainly summarized the progress in the research of platelet aggregation inhibitors based on different design strategies. The advantage and challenge of corresponding targets are also discussed in this article. We hope more platelet aggregation inhibitors with efficacy and safety will be discovered in the future.
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186
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Eaton N, Drew C, Wieser J, Munday AD, Falet H. Dynamin 2 is required for GPVI signaling and platelet hemostatic function in mice. Haematologica 2019; 105:1414-1423. [PMID: 31296575 PMCID: PMC7193499 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.218644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-mediated endocytosis, which contributes to a wide range of cellular functions, including receptor signaling, cell adhesion, and migration, requires endocytic vesicle release by the large GTPase dynamin 2. Here, the role of dynamin 2 was investigated in platelet hemostatic function using both pharmacological and genetic approaches. Dnm2fl/fl Pf4-Cre (Dnm2Plt−/−) mice specifically lacking dynamin 2 within the platelet lineage developed severe thrombocytopenia and bleeding diathesis and Dnm2Plt−/− platelets adhered poorly to collagen under arterial shear rates. Signaling via the collagen receptor GPVI was impaired in platelets treated with the dynamin GTPase inhibitor dynasore, as evidenced by poor protein tyrosine phosphorylation, including that of the proximal tyrosine kinase Lyn on its activating tyrosine 396 residue. Platelet stimulation via GPVI resulted in a slight decrease in GPVI, which was maintained by dynasore treatment. Dynasore-treated platelets had attenuated function when stimulated via GPVI, as evidenced by reduced GPIbα downregulation, α-granule release, integrin αIIbβ3 activation, and spreading onto immobilized fibrinogen. By contrast, responses to the G-protein coupled receptor agonist thrombin were minimally affected by dynasore treatment. GPVI expression was severely reduced in Dnm2Plt−/− platelets, which were dysfunctional in response to stimulation via GPVI, and to a lesser extent to thrombin. Dnm2Plt−/− platelets lacked fibrinogen in their α-granules, but retained von Willebrand factor. Taken together, the data show that dynamin 2 plays a proximal role in signaling via the collagen receptor GPVI and is required for fibrinogen uptake and normal platelet hemostatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Eaton
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Caleb Drew
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Jon Wieser
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Adam D Munday
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hervé Falet
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI .,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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187
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Stoll G, Nieswandt B. Thrombo-inflammation in acute ischaemic stroke — implications for treatment. Nat Rev Neurol 2019; 15:473-481. [DOI: 10.1038/s41582-019-0221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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188
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Role of Platelet Glycoprotein VI and Tyrosine Kinase Syk in Thrombus Formation on Collagen-Like Surfaces. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112788. [PMID: 31181592 PMCID: PMC6600290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet interaction with collagens, via von Willebrand factor, is a potent trigger of shear-dependent thrombus formation mediated by subsequent engagement of the signaling collagen receptor glycoprotein (GP)VI, enforced by integrin α2β1. Protein tyrosine kinase Syk is central in the GPVI-induced signaling pathway, leading to elevated cytosolic Ca2+. We aimed to determine the Syk-mediated thrombogenic activity of several collagen peptides and (fibrillar) type I and III collagens. High-shear perfusion of blood over microspots of these substances resulted in thrombus formation, which was assessed by eight parameters and was indicative of platelet adhesion, activation, aggregation, and contraction, which were affected by the Syk inhibitor PRT-060318. In platelet suspensions, only collagen peptides containing the consensus GPVI-activating sequence (GPO)n and Horm-type collagen evoked Syk-dependent Ca2+ rises. In whole blood under flow, Syk inhibition suppressed platelet activation and aggregation parameters for the collagen peptides with or without a (GPO)n sequence and for all of the collagens. Prediction models based on a regression analysis indicated a mixed role of GPVI in thrombus formation on fibrillar collagens, which was abolished by Syk inhibition. Together, these findings indicate that GPVI-dependent signaling through Syk supports platelet activation in thrombus formation on collagen-like structures regardless of the presence of a (GPO)n sequence.
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189
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Soluble CLEC-2 is generated independently of ADAM10 and is increased in plasma in acute coronary syndrome: comparison with soluble GPVI. Int J Hematol 2019; 110:285-294. [PMID: 31165998 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-019-02680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Soluble forms of platelet membrane proteins are released upon platelet activation. We previously reported that soluble C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (sCLEC-2) is released as a shed fragment (Shed CLEC-2) or as a whole molecule associated with platelet microparticles (MP-CLEC-2). In contrast, soluble glycoprotein VI (sGPVI) is released as a shed fragment (Shed GPVI), but not as a microparticle-associated form (MP-GPVI). However, mechanism of sCLEC-2 generation or plasma sCLEC-2 has not been fully elucidated. Experiments using metalloproteinase inhibitors/stimulators revealed that ADAM10/17 induce GPVI shedding, but not CLEC-2 shedding, and that shed CLEC-2 was partially generated by MMP-2. Although MP-GPVI was not generated, it was generated in the presence of the ADAM10 inhibitor. Moreover, antibodies against the cytoplasmic or extracellular domain of GPVI revealed the presence of the GPVI cytoplasmic domain, but not the extracellular domain, in the microparticles. These findings suggest that most of the GPVI on microparticles are induced to shed by ADAM10; MP-GPVI is thus undetected. Plasma sCLEC-2 level was 1/32 of plasma sGPVI level in normal subjects, but both soluble proteins significantly increased in plasma of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Thus, sCLEC-2 and sGPVI are released by different mechanisms and released in vivo upon platelet activation.
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190
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Hsia CW, Lin KC, Lee TY, Hsia CH, Chou DS, Jayakumar T, Velusamy M, Chang CC, Sheu JR. Esculetin, a Coumarin Derivative, Prevents Thrombosis: Inhibitory Signaling on PLCγ2-PKC-AKT Activation in Human Platelets. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112731. [PMID: 31163690 PMCID: PMC6600380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Esculetin, a bioactive 6,7-dihydroxy derivative of coumarin, possesses pharmacological activities against obesity, diabetes, renal failure, and cardiovascular disorders (CVDs). Platelet activation plays a major role in CVDs. Thus, disrupting platelet activation represents an attractive therapeutic target. We examined the effect of esculetin in human platelet activation and experimental mouse models. At 10–80 μM, esculetin inhibited collagen- and arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation in washed human platelets. However, it had no effects on other agonists such as thrombin and U46619. Esculetin inhibited adenosine triphosphate release, P-selectin expression, hydroxyl radical (OH·) formation, Akt activation, and phospholipase C (PLC)γ2/protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation, but did not diminish mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in collagen-activated human platelets. Platelet function analysis indicated that esculetin substantially prolonged the closure time of whole blood. In experimental mice, esculetin significantly increased the occlusion time in thrombotic platelet plug formation and reduced mortality associated with acute pulmonary thromboembolism. However, it did not prolong the bleeding time. This study demonstrates that esculetin inhibits human platelet activation via hindering the PLCγ2–PKC cascade, hydroxyl radical formation, Akt activation, and ultimately suppressing platelet activation. Therefore, esculetin may act as an essential therapeutic agent for preventing thromboembolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Kao-Chang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Yin Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsuan Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan.
| | - Duen-Suey Chou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Thanasekaran Jayakumar
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Marappan Velusamy
- Department of Chemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India.
| | - Chao-Chien Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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Jandrot-Perrus M, Hermans C, Mezzano D. Platelet glycoprotein VI genetic quantitative and qualitative defects. Platelets 2019; 30:708-713. [PMID: 31068042 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1610166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Platelet membrane glycoprotein VI (GPVI) is increasingly recognized as an important receptor for thrombus formation and growth. Numerous arguments have been published indicating that GPVI plays a major role in thrombosis without being essential for physiological hemostasis. In humans, GPVI deficiencies are rarely reported. These are most often deficiencies occurring in the context of autoimmunity and, more rarely, genetic deficits. The purpose of this review is to compile data on the quantitative and qualitative genetic abnormalities of GPVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- a UMR_S1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science , INSERM, University Paris Diderot , Paris , France
| | - Cedric Hermans
- b Haemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, Haemophilia Clinic, Division of Adult Haematology , St-Luc University Hospital , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Diego Mezzano
- c Department of Hematology-Oncology , School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
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192
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Cammisotto V, Carnevale R, Nocella C, Stefanini L, Bartimoccia S, Coluccia A, Silvestri R, Pignatelli P, Pastori D, Violi F. Nox2-mediated platelet activation by glycoprotein (GP) VI: Effect of rivaroxaban alone and in combination with aspirin. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:111-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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193
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Luo H, Wei L, Lu L, Kang L, Cao Y, Yang X, Bai X, Fan W, Zhao BQ. Transfusion of Resting Platelets Reduces Brain Hemorrhage After Intracerebral Hemorrhage and tPA-Induced Hemorrhage After Cerebral Ischemia. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:338. [PMID: 31024246 PMCID: PMC6460946 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exacerbated blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage is related with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-induced brain hemorrhage after stroke. Platelets have long been recognized as the cellular orchestrators of primary haemostasis. Recent studies have demonstrated further that platelets are required for supporting intact mature blood vessels and play a crucial role in maintaining vascular integrity during inflammation. Therefore, we sought to investigate whether platelets could reduce tPA-induced deterioration of cerebrovascular integrity and lead to less hemorrhagic transformation. METHODS Mice were subjected to models of collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. After 2 h of MCA occlusion, tPA (10 mg/kg) was administered as an intravenous bolus injection of 1 mg/kg followed by a 9 mg/kg infusion for 30 min. Immediately after tPA treatment, mice were transfused with platelets. Hemorrhagic volume, infarct size, neurological deficit, tight junction and basal membrane damages, endothelial cell apoptosis, and extravascular accumulation of circulating dextran and IgG, and Evans blue were quantified at 24 h. RESULTS Platelet transfusion resulted in a significant decrease in hematoma volume after ICH. In mice after ischemia, tPA administration increased brain hemorrhage transformation and this was reversed by resting but not activated platelets. Consistent with this, we observed that tPA-induced brain hemorrhage was dramatically exacerbated in thrombocytopenic mice. Transfusion of resting platelets ameliorated tPA-induced loss of cerebrovascular integrity and reduced extravascular accumulation of circulating serum proteins and Evans blue, associated with improved neurological functions after ischemia. No changes were found for infarct volume. Inhibition of platelet receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) blunted the ability of platelets to attenuate tPA-induced BBB disruption and hemorrhage after ischemia. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the importance of platelets in safeguarding BBB integrity and suggest that transfusion of resting platelets may be useful to improve the safety of tPA thrombolysis in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenying Fan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Qiao Zhao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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194
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Inhibition of platelet GPVI induces intratumor hemorrhage and increases efficacy of chemotherapy in mice. Blood 2019; 133:2696-2706. [PMID: 30952674 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2018877043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of tumor vasculature integrity is indispensable for tumor growth and thus affects tumor progression. Previous studies have identified platelets as major regulators of tumor vascular integrity, as their depletion selectively rendered tumor vessels highly permeable and caused massive intratumoral hemorrhage. While these results established platelets as potential targets for antitumor therapy, their depletion is not a treatment option due to their essential role in hemostasis. Thus, a detailed understanding of how platelets safeguard vascular integrity in tumors is urgently demanded. Here, we show for the first time that functional inhibition of glycoprotein VI (GPVI) on the platelet surface with an antibody (JAQ1) F(ab)2 fragment rapidly induces tumor hemorrhage and diminishes tumor growth similar to complete platelet depletion while not inducing systemic bleeding complications. The intratumor bleeding and tumor growth arrest could be reverted by depletion of Ly6G+ cells, confirming them to be responsible for the induction of bleeding and necrosis within the tumor. In addition, JAQ1 F(ab)2-mediated GPVI inhibition increased intratumoral accumulation of coadministered chemotherapeutic agents, such as Doxil and paclitaxel, thereby resulting in a profound antitumor effect. In summary, our findings identify platelet GPVI as a key regulator of vascular integrity specifically in growing tumors and could serve as a basis for the development of antitumor strategies based on the interference with platelet function.
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195
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Kuriri FA, O'Malley CJ, Jackson DE. Molecular mechanisms of immunoreceptors in platelets. Thromb Res 2019; 176:108-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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196
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Senchenkova EY, Russell J, Yildirim A, Granger DN, Gavins FNE. Novel Role of T Cells and IL-6 (Interleukin-6) in Angiotensin II-Induced Microvascular Dysfunction. Hypertension 2019; 73:829-838. [PMID: 30739537 PMCID: PMC6422352 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is an established risk factor for subsequent cardiovascular diseases, with Ang II (angiotensin II) playing a major role in mediating thrombotic and inflammatory abnormalities. Although T cells and IL-6 (interleukin-6) play an important role in adaptive immune responses, little is known about their role(s) in the thromboinflammatory responses associated with Ang II. Here we show using intravital microscopy coupled with the light/dye injury model that Rag-1 deficient (Rag-1-/-) and IL-6 deficient (IL-6-/-) mice are afforded protection against Ang II-induced thrombosis. Blocking IL-6 receptors (using CD126 and gp130 antibodies) significantly diminished Ang II-mediated thrombosis and inflammatory cell recruitment in mice. Furthermore, the adoptive transfer of IL-6-/--derived T cells into Rag-1-/- mice failed to accelerate Ang II-induced thrombosis compared with Rag-1-/- mice reconstituted with wild-type-derived T cells, suggesting T cell IL-6 mediates the thrombotic abnormalities associated Ang II hypertension. Interestingly, adoptive transfer of WT T cells into Rag-1-/-/Ang II mice resulted in increased numbers of immature platelets, which constitutes a more active platelet population, that is, prothrombotic and proinflammatory. To translate our in vivo findings, we used clinical samples to demonstrate that IL-6 also predisposes platelets to an interaction with collagen receptors, thereby increasing the propensity for platelets to aggregate and cause thrombosis. In summary, we provide compelling evidence for the involvement of IL-6, IL-6R, and T-cell-dependent IL-6 signaling in Ang II-induced thromboinflammation, which may provide new therapeutic possibilities for drug discovery programs for the management of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Y. Senchenkova
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71105, USA
| | - Janice Russell
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71105, USA
| | - Alper Yildirim
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71105, USA
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - D. Neil Granger
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71105, USA
| | - Felicity N. E. Gavins
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71105, USA
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197
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Basak I, Bhatlekar S, Manne B, Stoller M, Hugo S, Kong X, Ma L, Rondina MT, Weyrich AS, Edelstein LC, Bray PF. miR-15a-5p regulates expression of multiple proteins in the megakaryocyte GPVI signaling pathway. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:511-524. [PMID: 30632265 PMCID: PMC6397079 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Essentials The action of microRNAs (miRs) in human megakaryocyte signaling is largely unknown. Cord blood-derived human megakaryocytes (MKs) were used to test the function of candidate miRs. miR-15a-5p negatively regulated MK GPVI-mediated αIIbβ3 activation and α-granule release. miR-15a-5p acts as a potential "master-miR" regulating genes in the MK GPVI signaling pathway. SUMMARY: Background Megakaryocytes (MKs) invest their progeny platelets with proteins and RNAs. MicroRNAs (miRs), which inhibit mRNA translation into protein, are abundantly expressed in MKs and platelets. Although platelet miRs have been associated with platelet reactivity and disease, there is a paucity of information on the function of miRs in human MKs. Objective To identify MK miRs that regulate the GPVI signaling pathway in the MK-platelet lineage. Methods Candidate miRs associated with GPVI-mediated platelet aggregation were tested for functionality in cultured MKs derived from cord blood. Results An unbiased, transcriptome-wide screen in 154 healthy donors identified platelet miR-15a-5p as significantly negatively associated with CRP-induced platelet aggregation. Platelet agonist dose-response curves demonstrated activation of αIIbβ3 in suspensions of cord blood-derived cultured MKs. Overexpression and knockdown of miR-15a-5p in these MKs reduced and enhanced, respectively, CRP-induced αIIbβ3 activation but did not alter thrombin or ADP stimulation. FYN, SRGN, FCER1G, MYLK. and PRKCQ, genes involved in GPVI signaling, were identified as miR-15a-5p targets and were inhibited or de-repressed in MKs with miR-15a-5p overexpression or inhibition, respectively. Lentiviral overexpression of miR-15a-5p also inhibited GPVI-FcRγ-mediated phosphorylation of Syk and PLCγ2, GPVI downstream signaling molecules, but effects of miR-15a-5p on αIIbβ3 activation did not extend to other ITAM-signaling receptors (FcγRIIa and CLEC-2). Conclusion Cord blood-derived MKs are a useful human system for studying the functional effects of candidate platelet genes. miR-15a-5p is a potential "master-miR" for specifically regulating GPVI-mediated MK-platelet signaling. Targeting miR-15a-5p may have therapeutic potential in hemostasis and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Basak
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148
| | - S. Bhatlekar
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148
| | - B.K. Manne
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148
| | - M. Stoller
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148
| | - S. Hugo
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148
| | - X. Kong
- The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research and the Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - L. Ma
- The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research and the Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - M. T. Rondina
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148
| | - A. S. Weyrich
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148
| | - L. C. Edelstein
- The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research and the Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - P. F. Bray
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; and George E. Wahlen VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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198
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Eble JA. Structurally Robust and Functionally Highly Versatile-C-Type Lectin (-Related) Proteins in Snake Venoms. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11030136. [PMID: 30823637 PMCID: PMC6468738 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11030136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venoms contain an astounding variety of different proteins. Among them are numerous C-type lectin family members, which are grouped into classical Ca2+- and sugar-binding lectins and the non-sugar-binding snake venom C-type lectin-related proteins (SV-CLRPs), also called snaclecs. Both groups share the robust C-type lectin domain (CTLD) fold but differ in a long loop, which either contributes to a sugar-binding site or is expanded into a loop-swapping heterodimerization domain between two CLRP subunits. Most C-type lectin (-related) proteins assemble in ordered supramolecular complexes with a high versatility of subunit numbers and geometric arrays. Similarly versatile is their ability to inhibit or block their target molecules as well as to agonistically stimulate or antagonistically blunt a cellular reaction triggered by their target receptor. By utilizing distinct interaction sites differentially, SV-CLRPs target a plethora of molecules, such as distinct coagulation factors and receptors of platelets and endothelial cells that are involved in hemostasis, thrombus formation, inflammation and hematogenous metastasis. Because of their robust structure and their high affinity towards their clinically relevant targets, SV-CLRPs are and will potentially be valuable prototypes to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic tools in medicine, provided that the molecular mechanisms underlying their versatility are disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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199
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Derszniak K, Przyborowski K, Matyjaszczyk K, Moorlag M, de Laat B, Nowakowska M, Chlopicki S. Comparison of Effects of Anti-thrombin Aptamers HD1 and HD22 on Aggregation of Human Platelets, Thrombin Generation, Fibrin Formation, and Thrombus Formation Under Flow Conditions. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:68. [PMID: 30842734 PMCID: PMC6391317 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HD1 and HD22 are two of the most-studied aptamers binding to thrombin exosite I and exosite, respectively. To complete of their pharmacological profiles, the effects of HD1 and HD22 on thrombin-, ristocetin-, and collagen-induced human platelet aggregation, on thrombin generation and fibrin formation in human plasma, as well as on thrombus formation in human whole blood under flow conditions were assessed. The dissociation constants for HD1 and HD22 complexes with thrombin in simulated plasma ionic buffer were also evaluated. HD1 was more potent than HD22 in terms of inhibiting thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma (PRP; 0.05-3 μM) and in washed platelets (WPs; 0.005-3 μM): approximately 8.31% (±6.99% SD) and 89.53% (±11.38% SD) for HD1 (0.5 μM) and HD22 (0.5 μM), respectively. Neither HD1 nor HD22 (3 μM) did influence platelets aggregation induced by collagen. Both of them inhibited ristocetin-induced aggregation in PRP. Surprisingly, HD1 and HD22 aptamers (3 μM) potentiated ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation in WP. HD1 reduced thrombin generation in a concentration-dependent manner [ETP at 3 μM: 1677.53 ± 55.77 (nM⋅min) vs. control 2271.71 ± 423.66 (nM⋅min)], inhibited fibrin formation (lag time at 3 μM: 33.70 min ± 8.01 min vs. control 7.91 min ± 0.91 min) and reduced thrombus formation under flow conditions [AUC30 at 3 μM: 758.30 ± 344.23 (kPa⋅min) vs. control 1553.84 ± 118.03 (kPa⋅min)]. HD22 (3 μM) also delayed thrombin generation but increased the thrombin peak. HD22 (3 μM) shortened the lag time of fibrin generation (5.40 min ± 0.26 min vs. control 7.58 min ± 1.14 min) but did not modify thrombus formation (3, 15 μM). K d values for the HD1 complex with thrombin was higher (257.8 ± 15.0 nM) than the K d for HD22 (97.6 ± 2.2 nM). In conclusion, HD1 but not HD22 represents a potent anti-thrombotic agent, confirming the major role of exosite I in the action of thrombin. HD22 aptamer blocking exosite II displays weaker anti-platelet and anti-coagulant activity, with surprising activating effects on thrombin and fibrin generation most likely induced by HD22-induced allosteric changes in thrombin dynamic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Derszniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Przyborowski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Matyjaszczyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Martijn Moorlag
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bas de Laat
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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200
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Rayes J, Watson SP, Nieswandt B. Functional significance of the platelet immune receptors GPVI and CLEC-2. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:12-23. [PMID: 30601137 DOI: 10.1172/jci122955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although platelets are best known for their role in hemostasis, they are also crucial in development, host defense, inflammation, and tissue repair. Many of these roles are regulated by the immune-like receptors glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and C-type lectin receptor 2 (CLEC-2), which signal through an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). GPVI is activated by collagen in the subendothelial matrix, by fibrin and fibrinogen in the thrombus, and by a remarkable number of other ligands. CLEC-2 is activated by the transmembrane protein podoplanin, which is found outside of the vasculature and is upregulated in development, inflammation, and cancer, but there is also evidence for additional ligands. In this Review, we discuss the physiological and pathological roles of CLEC-2 and GPVI and their potential as targets in thrombosis and thrombo-inflammatory disorders (i.e., disorders in which inflammation plays a critical role in the ensuing thrombosis) relative to current antiplatelet drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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